Chapter 14

Predetermined Motion Time

Systems

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 Introduction
Content Good to Know

• The controversial step in direct time study is performance rating. Predetermined

• It is based on a judgment by the time study analyst, and there is always motion time
room for disagreement between the worker doing the task and the analyst systems were first
evaluating the worker’s pace. identified around
1925

Trainer

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 Introduction
Content Good to Know

• An alternative to direct time study that does not include the performance- Predetermined
rating step, at least not directly, is the family of work measurement motion time
techniques known as predetermined motion time systems. systems were first
identified around
1925

Trainer

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 Introduction
Content Good to Know

• Definition Predetermined
• A predetermined motion time system (PMTS), also motion time
called a predetermined time system, is a database of systems were first
basic motion elements and their associated normal time
values, together with a set of procedures for applying
identified around
the data to analyze manual tasks and establish standard 1925
times for the tasks.
• The time required to perform these basic motions Trainer

usually depends on certain work variables.

• They include motions such as reach, grasp, move,
and release, based on extensive research of manual
work activities.
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 Learning Objectives
Content Good to Know

� Overview of Predetermined Motion Time Systems Predetermined

1.1 The PMTS Procedure motion time
1.2 PMTS Levels and Generations systems were first
� Methods-Time Measurement identified around
2.1 MTM-1 1925
2.2 Other MTM Systems
� Maynard Operation Sequence Technique Trainer

3.1 Basic MOST

3.2 Additional Versions of MOST
3.3 MOST for Windows

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 Chapter 14
� Overview of Predetermined
Motion Time Systems

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 � Overview of Predetermined Motion Time Systems
Content Good to Know

• One of the significant advantages of a PMTS is that Predetermined

it can be used to determine a standard time for a motion time
task before that task is in production. systems were first
• It can also be used to set a standard for an existing identified around
task. 1925

Trainer

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 � Overview of Predetermined Motion Time Systems
1.1 The PMTS Procedure
Content Good to Know

• To apply a predetermined motion time system to a task, the analyst must A performance rating
accomplish the following steps: step is not necessary
in a predetermined
motion time system,
because the basic
motion times are
already rated at
standard 100%
performance
� Synthesize the � Retrieve the normal �Evaluate the method
�Apply allowances to Trainer
method that would be time value for each to reduce the normal
the normal time to
used by a worker to motion element. Sum of time. Example: use
determine the standard
perform the task in Tn for all elements = Tn special tools, eliminate
time for the task.
terms of Basic Motions. for the task. motions, etc.

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 � Overview of Predetermined Motion Time Systems
1.1 The PMTS Procedure
Content Good to Know

• Performance Rating & PTMS: A performance rating

step is not necessary
• A performance rating step is not necessary in a in a predetermined
predetermined motion time system, because the basic motion time system,
motion times are already rated at standard 100% because the basic
performance motion times are
already rated at
• However, different PMT systems use different standard 100%
definitions of standard performance. performance
• MTM and MOST use the definition of “daywork” Trainer

standard performance.
• Other systems use different definition.
• Adjustments must be made to make sure the standard
performance is unified.

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 � Overview of Predetermined Motion Time Systems
1.2 PMTS Levels and Generations
Content Good to Know

• We have various levels of PMT systems. A performance rating

step is not necessary
• First-level systems use the basic motion elements in a predetermined
(e.g., reach, grasp), while higher-level systems motion time system,
because the basic
combine several basic motion elements into motion motion times are
aggregates, combined motion sequences that are already rated at
standard 100%
commonly used in work situations. performance
• For example, the basic motions reach and grasp Trainer

might be combined into one element called get for

use in a higher-level PMT system.

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 � Overview of Predetermined Motion Time Systems
1.2 PMTS Levels and Generations
Content Good to Know

• We have various levels of PMT systems. A performance rating

step is not necessary
• First-level systems use the basic motion elements in a predetermined
(e.g., reach, grasp), while higher-level systems motion time system,
because the basic
combine several basic motion elements into motion motion times are
aggregates, combined motion sequences that are already rated at
standard 100%
commonly used in work situations. performance
• For example, the basic motions reach and grasp Trainer

might be combined into one element called get for

use in a higher-level PMT system.

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 � Overview of Predetermined Motion Time Systems
1.2 PMTS Levels and Generations
Content Good to Know

• The times for the basic motions tend to be very short, Chronologically, first-level
PMT systems were the first
sometimes much less than a second. to be developed, and then
higher-level systems , based
• Higher-level systems use condensed databases, with on the first-level systems.
fewer body motions contained in the tables and longer Because of this chronological
time values for each motion sequence. development of the systems,
the level of the system
usually corresponds to the
• Higher-level PMT systems require less application time generation of the system.
due to their use of elements that combine basic
motions. Trainer
• MTM-1: Time to set a standard is a factor of about 250
• MTM-2: Time to set a standard is a factor of about 100.
• Accuracy of higher-level systems tends to be less than
for a first-level system.

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 � Overview of Predetermined Motion Time Systems
1.2 PMTS Levels and Generations
Content Good to Know

• The general characteristics of PMT system levels Chronologically, first-level

PMT systems were the first
to be developed, and then
higher-level systems , based
on the first-level systems.
Because of this chronological
development of the systems,
the level of the system
usually corresponds to the
generation of the system.

Trainer

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 Chapter 14
� METHODS-TIME MEASUREMENT

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 � METHODS-TIME MEASUREMENT
Content Good to Know

• Definition: Methods-Time Measurement is a Predetermined

procedure which analyzes any manual motion time
operation or method into the basic motions systems were first
required to perform it and assigns to each identified around
motion a predetermined time standard which is 1925
determined by the nature of the motion and the
conditions under which it is made
Trainer

• MTM is an analysis tool by which the method

for a task is divided into its component
elements to determine if any methods
improvements can be made.

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 � METHODS-TIME MEASUREMENT
2.1 MTM-1
Content Good to Know

• Time units in MTM are called TMUs (time measurement units). MTM was developed
by studying motion
• TMU is defined as follows: pictures of work
1 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 0.00001 ℎ𝑟𝑟 = 0.0006 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 0.036 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 activity, and the time
units for MTM were
• Conversely, there are 100,000 TMUs in 1 hr originally defined as the
time per frame of
• Check pages (367-373) motion picture film.
This proved awkward.
• Table 3 defines the MTM-1 motion elements, and
• Table 4, a tabulation of their time value Trainer

• The analyst then retrieves the time for each basic motion element and
sums the times to obtain the normal time for the task.
• The analyst must add the proper allowance according to company policy
for the type of work being measured.
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 � METHODS-TIME MEASUREMENT
2.2 Other MTM Systems
Content Good to Know

• Several functional systems have been developed for MTM was developed
by studying motion
specific work situations such as clerical activity, pictures of work
machine shop work, and electronic testing. activity, and the time
units for MTM were
• Also, second- and third-level systems are available to originally defined as the
time per frame of
reduce the time required to develop time standards. motion picture film.
This proved awkward.
• Check Table 5 for the other MTM Systems
Trainer

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