VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 5 (2022)

ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
10th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2022 (NCRENB-2022)

Agricultural Fire Protection System

Kalpit Raut1, Dakshat Patil2, Priyanka Pawar3,
Prof. Anojkumar Yadav4
1
(Electrical Department, Viva Institute Of Technology, Virar,401305)
2
(Electrical Department, Viva Institute Of Technology, Virar,401305)
3
(Electrical Department, Viva Institute Of Technology, Virar,401305)
4
(Electrical Department, Viva Institute Of Technology, Virar,401305)

Abstract : Fire is an unexpected incident that causes a huge loss for farmers. The proposed system uses a sensors
to detect a fire in the field that includes Flame sensor, light sensor, and ESP 32 CAM with alert on mobile.The
proposed system is divided into two subsystems named Fire detection system to detect fire and Fire prevention
system to extinguish fire. This system runs continuously by using water pump without failure. At the time of fire
detection, the default system is ON only if no action is taken by the farmer with a given time stamp. The system
continuously scans data from the sensor in the field and stores data in Firebase and then analyzes the data based
on the algorithm and stops the fire before it spreads in the crop.
Keywords : detect the fire, Firebase, system triggers, FPS using the motor pump., data coming from the sensors,
alert on mobile, Flame sensor, Light sensor, and ESP32 CAM

I. Introduction
Agricultural is one of the most important and essential sources for the farmers and business in India and
it considered to be the backbone of country’s economy. Climate change and the growing need for food poses
significant challenges to modern agriculture. Worldwide the population is predicted to increase significantly and,
therefore, food production should increase by 70 percent by 2050. On at the same time, water scarcity and arable
land shortages it grows. Therefore, there is a need for adequate elections of plant species, proper adaptation of
farming practices, as well sustainability. Fertilizer, crop treatment, pest control, and Most importantly irrigation
management must be familiar conditions are constantly changing. Agricultural activities have which will be done
in a high-quality way to save shortages resources. To Get this, apart from agriculture and agronomy, research
knowledge of many other domains needs to work well combined. Great effort to use scientific success as well
novel technology from other domains already exists made. New digital strategies integrated in the agricultural
sector that produces the idea of Precision Agriculture. More recently, Internet of Things (IoT) ideas extend
Precision Agriculture strategically, widely, and the sensors that interact with the technology available today is
well established in other sectors of the industry as well home automation. In recent years, Indian agriculture often
affected due to various changes. Mostly by fire incident. Fire is one of unpredicted and unknown events that harm
the productivity of farmers. Therefore, we need to invent something to prevent these things before it happens. At
the current situation there is need of automation in agricultural sector for protection of crop. So, we can make
system to protect crop by using IOT to prevent fire incidents in farm.

II. METHODOLOGY

The following is the design methodology for the project Agricultural Fire Protection System

Block Diagram:

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 5 (2022)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
10th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2022 (NCRENB-2022)

The protection System mainly consists of following blocks. Sensor blocks, Multiplexer block, ESP32
CAM Board Block, Relay & pump blocks, Buzzer blocks, cloud storage & mobile app Block. This is
diagrammatically shown in “fig.1”

Fig.1 Block Diagram

Working Principle:

The system uses ESP32 Cam as the microcontroller. The ESP32-CAM is a fully integrated
microcontroller with integrated video camera and a SD card socket and it is easy to use, and is ideal for
IoT devices that require a camera with advanced functions such as image tracking and recognition. The
system uses flame sensors, Smoke Sensors, PIR Sensor. This sensor is connected to Multiplexer and
the multiplexer is Connected to ESP32 CAM Board. A flame sensor detects fire or flames. In the most
extreme cases, fire sensors work to reduce the fire-related risk by providing a signal to the ESP32
CAM.A smoke sensor is used for detection of smoke it’s give signal to ESP32 CAM board. If Any
signal value that coming from sensor are greater than pre-define value, then the system will activate
buzzer and send alert to users mobile. If user is note take action, then automatically system will send
signal to relay. After getting signal from system relay are activate the water pumps and sprinkling
system is start in fire detected area. In this system all data is stored in IOT server i.e. ThinkSpeak and
this data can be access from Android App.
Circuit Diagram:

The circuit diagram of the protection system is shown below.in this circuit diagram all connections of
shown with color coded wires.in this all circuit we are use black color for neutral and red color for phase. For
Sensors we are use golden wire for Smoke sensors it carries signals from flame sensors, White wire for flame it
carries signal from flame sensors, we use yellow wire for PIR motion detector sensor it carries signal from PIR
Sensor.
In Multiplexer pink wire in pin1 Carries Digital Output Signal to ESP32 CAM board, Blue wire Used in
pin 10 and pin 11 are channel selector pin. Black wire in pin 12 and pin 15 are Ground wire. In ESP32 CAM

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 5 (2022)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
10th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2022 (NCRENB-2022)

Board block wire is used for ground and red wire for 5v Dc supply. Pink wire is sued in GPIO pin 12 it is digital
input from Multiplexer. Blue wire used in GPIO pine 13 and pin 15 are select pins. Orange wire is GPIO pin 14
it is output signal for buzzer. sky blue wire is GPIO Pin 2 it carry output signal for relay 1. Purple is GPIO Pin 4
it carry output signal for relay 2.

Fig.2 Circuit Diagram

Components And Specifications:

Table.1 Components and Specifications

Sr
Component Specifications
No
Input Voltage= 5, SPI Flash Memory= 32mbit, Ram= 520kb SRAM
1 Esp32 cam board Mb + 4mb PSRAM, Bluetooth 4.2 Br, WIFI= 802.11 B/G/N/, Image
Output Format= JPEG( Ov2640 Support Only ), Bmp, Grayscale

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 5 (2022)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
10th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2022 (NCRENB-2022)

CD74HC4067
2 Operating voltage= 2 to 6 volt Dc,
Multiplexer
Operating voltage= +5 volt, detecting rating= 300~ 10000ppm, sensor
3 Smoke Sensor
type= semiconductor
Operating voltage= 3.3~5 volt, operating temp.= -25 to 85, Operating
4 Flame Sensor
Angle= 0 to 60 degree

5 PIR Sensor Operating voltage= 3.3 volt, max operating current= 0.0095 Ma

Single Channel Trigger Voltage-volt, Trigger current= 20 ma, Switching voltage=

6
Relay Module 250@30A(VAC)Switching voltage= 30@30A (VDC)
Operating voltage= 2.5~6 v, operating current= 130~220ma, Flow rate=
7 Pump Motor
80~120 L/H, Maximum lift= 40~110Mm

8 Zero PCB 4*4 ,35 Micron copper

Connecting
9 Material= Copper , insulation; plastic
Wires

10 Jumper Wires Material= copper, insulation; plastic

Male Headers
11 Connector type= pin Male header, no of pins = 40,contact pitch= 2.4mm
(Burg Strips)
Female Headers
12 Connector type= pin female header, no of pins = 40,contact pitch= 2.4mm
(Burg Strips)

13 USB Power supply pin= 5v@500Marx , Rx pin= 3.3v, Tx pin= 3.3v

Input Voltage (V)= 100 ~ 280 VAC @50 ~ 60Hz,Input current (mA)=
14 Adapter
100,Output Power= 5V,Load regulation (%)= ±5.

15 Buzzer Operating voltage= 5v dc

Final Model
16 3ft * 4ft board
Mounting Board

Model Photos And Mobile Application Interface:

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 5 (2022)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
10th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2022 (NCRENB-2022)

Fig.3 Model Photo

Fig.4
Application Interface Fig.4 Application Interface

III. CONCLUSION

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 5 (2022)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
10th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2022 (NCRENB-2022)

This project has explained an agriculture fire protection system model where the Internet of Things and
embedded automation are applied for the early detection of flames in the field. This agriculture system is made
very smart and fully automatic with the implementation of IOT devices using sensors. Any technique that detects
the flame will ON the buzzer and activate the water sprinkling system to extinguish the flames. This system is
running automatically without human involvement which decreases the loss that occurs due to the field fire. A
PIR Sensor is also used to detect animals entering into farms. Monitoring of farm using Android App through
ESP32 camera is also possible in this system.

Future Scope

● Image processing for animal intrusion and fire detection can be added to the system.
● GSM Module can be added for alerts in the absence of internet.

REFERENCES

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