Chapter 28

Linear Programming

Solved problems

1. Draw the graph of the inequations 3x + 5y  15 and x  1 and shade the common region.

2. A cottage industry manufactures pedestal lamps adn wooden shades, each requiring the use of a
grinding / cutting machine adn sprayer. It takes 2 hours on the grinding / cutting machine and 3
hours on the sprayer to manufacture a pedestal lamp while it takes 1 hour on the grinding / cutting
machine adn 2 hours on the sprayer to manufacture a shade. On any day, the sprayer is available
for at most 20 hours and the grinding / cutting machine for at most 12 hours. The profit from the
sale of a lamp is Rs. 50 and a shade si Rs. 30. Assuming that the manufacturer is able to sell all the
lamps and shades that he produces, how should be schedule his daily production in order to
maximize his profit. Formulate a LP problem.

3. A manufacturer produces two types of steel trunks. He has two machines, A and B. the first type of
trunk requires 3 hours on machine A and 3 hours on machine B. the second type requires 3 hours
on machine A and 2 hours on machine B. machines A and B can work almost for 18 hours and
15 hours per day respectively. He earns a profit of Rs. 30 per trunk on the first type of trunk and
Rs. 25 per trunk on the second type. Formulate a linear programming problem to find out how many
trunks of each type he must make each day to maximise his profit.

4. Mr. Pandey wishes to invest Rs. 40,000 in two types of bonds A and B, yielding return of 7 % and
9% respectively. Mr. Pandey decides to invest at least Rs. 10,000 in bond A and not more than
Rs. 15,000 in bond B. He also wants that the amount invested in bond A must be at least equal to
the amount invested in bond B. How should he invest in order to maximize his return on these
investments. Formulate this as a LPP.

5. A diet conscious housewife wishes to ensure certain minimum intak e of vitamins A, B and C for the
family. The minimum daily (quantity) needs of the vitamins A, B, C for the family are respectively
30, 20 adn 16 units. For the supply of these minimum vitamin requirements, the housewife relies
on two fresh foods. The first one provides 7, 5, 2 units of the three vitamins per gram of the food
stuff respectively and the second one provides 2, 4, 8 units of the same three vitamins per gram of
the food stuff respectively. The first foodstuff costs Rs. 3 per gram and the second Rs. 2 per gram.
The problem is how many grams of each foodstuff should the housewife buy everyday to keep her
food bill as low as possible ?
Formulate the underlying L.P. problem.

1. A dealer wishes to purchase a number of geysers and fans. He has only Rs. 75,600 to invest and has
space for at most 20 items. A geyser costs him Rs. 3600 and a fan Rs. 2400. His expectation is that
he can sell a geyser at a profit of Rs. 220 and a fan at a profit of Rs. 180. Assuming that he can sell
all the items he can buy, formulate it as a LPP to maximize his profit ?

2. Sameer wants to invest at most Rs. 15,000 in saving certificates and in National Savings Bonds.
According to rules, he has to invest at least Rs. 2000 in saving certificates adn at least Rs. 3,000 in
 (2)

National saving Bonds. If the rate of interest on Saving certificates is 8 % p.a. and the rate of interest
on the national saving bonds is 10% p.a. how should he invest to earn maximum profit. Formulate
a LP problem.

3. A manufacturer produces TVs and VCR in his factory. Production of each TV requires 4 hours of
assemly in workshop 1 and 2 hours of assembly in workshop 2, whereas production of each VCR
requies 2 hours of assembly in workshop 1 and 5 hours of assembly in workshop 2. Sorkshop 1 an
dworkshop 2 funciton for 40 hours adn 60 hours in a week. The profit on each TV is Rs. 3,000 and
each VCR is Rs. 4,000. Assuming that all TVs and VCR are sold in the market, what should be the
strategy of the manufacturer in earn maximum profit. Formulate a LP problem.

4. A housewife wishes to mix two types of food F 1 and F2 in such a way that the vitamins contents of
mixture contain at least 8 units of vitamin A and 11 units of vitamin B, food F 1 costs Rs. 60 kg and
food F2 costs Rs. 80 kg. Food F1 contains 3 units / kg of vitamin A and 5 units / kg of vitamin B while
food F2 contains 4 units kg. Of virtamin A and 2 units kg of vitamin B. formulate the above problem
as a linear programming problem to minimize the cost of mixture.

5. A small manufacturing firm produces two types of gadgets, A and B which are first processed in teh
foundry, then sent to the machine shop for finishing. The number of man-hours of labour required
in each shop for the production of each unit of A and of B and the number of man-hours the firm
has available per week are as under.

Foundry Machine shop

Gadget A 10 5

Gadget B 6 4

Firm’s capacity per week 1000 600

The profit on the sale of A is Rs. 30 per unit as compared with Rs. 20 per unit of B.

6. A company makes three different products A, B adn C by combining steel adn rubber. Product A
requires 2 units of steel adn 3 units of rubber and can be solda t a profit of Rs. 40 per unit. Product
B requires 3 units of steel and 3 units of rubber and can be solda t a profit of Rs. 45 per unit. Product
C requires 1 unit of steel and 2 units of rubbber and can be solda t a profit of Rs. 24 per unit. There
are 100 units of steel and 120 units of rubber available per day. What should be daily produciton
of each of the products, so that the combined profit is maximum ?

Solved problems

1. Find the maximum and minimum value of k in y = – 5x + k under the following constraints
(x, y  R) x  0, y  0, y – x  3, y – 6x  – 12.
 (3)

2. Minimize C = x + y, subject to
3x + 2y  12, x + 3y  11
x  0, y  0

1. Minimize Z = 20x + 10y subject to the constraints

2. Maximize Z = 6x1 + 11x1

1. A hosewife wishes to mix together two kinds of food, X and Y, in such a wayt hat the mixture
contains at least 10 units of vitamin A, 12 units of vitamin B and 8 units of vitamin C.

The vitamin contents of one kg of food is given below :

Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C

Food X 1 2 3

Food Y 2 2 1

One kg of food X costs Rs. 6 and one kg of food Y costs Rs. 10. Find the least cost of the mixture which will
produce the diet.

2. A manufacturer wishes to produce two commodities A and B. the number of units of material,
labour adn equipment needed to produce one unit of each commodity is shown in the following
table. Also shown is the available number of units of each of the items, matreial, labour, and
equipment.

A B Available

Material 1 2 8

Labour 3 2 12

Equipment 1 1 10

(i) Find the maximum profit if each unit of commodity A earns a profit of Rs. 2 and each unit of B
earns Rs. 3.

(ii) Find the maximum profit if each unit of A earns profit of Rs. 3 and each unit of B earns Rs. 2.
 (4)

3. A mill owner buys two types of machines A and B for his mill. Machine A occupies 1000 sq. m of
area and requires 12 men to operate it, while machien B occupies 1200 sq m of area adn requires 8
men to operate it. The owner has 7600 sqm of area available and 72 men to operate the machines.
If machine A produces 50 units and machine B produces 40 units daily, how many machines of each
type should he buy to maximise the daily output ? use linear programming to find the solution.

For Self assessment and revision

1. A manufacturer produces tow types of steel trunks. He has two machines, A and B. the first type of
trunk requires 3 hours on machine A and 3 hours on machine B. the second type requires 3 hours
on machien A and 2 hours on machien B. machines A and B can work at most for 18 hours and 15
hours per day respectively. He earns a rofit of Rs. 30 per trunk on the first type of trunk and Rs. 25
per trunk on teh second type. Formulate a linear programming problem to find out how many
trunks of each type he must make each day to maximize his profit.

2. A new cereal, formed of a mixture of bran and rice, contains at least 88 grams of protein adn at least
36 milligrams of iron. Knowing that bran contains 80 grams of protein and 40 milligram of iron per
kilogram adn that rice contains 100 grams of protein and 30 milligram of ironper kilogram, find the
minimum cost of producing a kilogram of this new cereal if bran costs Rs. 28 per kilogram and rice
costs Rs. 25 per kilogram.

3. A company produces two tuypes of items, P and Q. Manufac of both items requres the metals gold
and copper. Each unit of item requires 3 grams of gold and 1 gram of copper while that of item Q
requires 1 gram of gold and 2 grams of copper. The company has 9 grams of gold and 8 grams of
copper in store. If each unit of item P makes a profit of Rs. 50 and each unit of item Q makes a profit
of Rs. 60, determine the number of units of each item that the company should produce to maximize
profit. What is the maximum profit ?

4. A manufacturer manufactures two types of tea-cups. A and B. Three machines are needed for
manufacturing the tea cups. The time in minutes requred for manufacturing each cup on the
machines is givne below :

Time in minutes

Type of cup Machine I Machine II Machine III

A 12 18 6

B 6 0 9

Each machine is available for a maximum of 6 hours per day. If the profit on each cup of type A is Rs. 1.50 and
that on each cup of type B is Rs. 1.00 find the number of cups of each type that should be manufactured in a
day to get maximum profit.

5. Two tailors P and Q earn Rs. 150 adn Rs. 200 respectively. P can stitch 6 shirts and 4 trousers a day,
while Q can stitch 10 shirts and 4 trousers per day. How many days should each work to produce
at least 60 shirts and 32 trousers at minimum labour cost ?
 (5)

6. A mill owner buys two types of machines A and B for his mill. Machine A occuipies 1000 sqm of area
and requires 12 men to operat it ; while machine B occupies 1200 sqm of area and requires 8 men
to operate it. The owner has 7600 sqm of ara available adn 72 men to operate the machines. If
machine A produces 50 units and machine B produces 40 units daily, how many machines of each
type should he buy to maximise the daily output ? use liner programming to find the solution.

7. A company manufactures two types of toys A andB. A toy of type A requires 5 minutes for cutting
and 10 minutes for assembling while toy of type B requires 8 minutes for each. There are 3 hours
available for cutting and 4 hours available for assembling th e toys in a day. The profit is Rs. 50 each
on a toy of type A and Rs. 60 each on a toy of type B. How many toys of each type should the company
manufactures in a day to maximize the profit ? Use linear programming to find the solution.

8. A dietician wishes to mix two kinds of food X and Y in such a way that the mixture contins at least
10 units of vitamin A, 12 units of vitamin B and 8 units of vitamin C, the vitamin contents of one kg
food is given below :

Food Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C

X 1 unit 2 units 3 units

Y 2 units 2 units 1 unit

One kg of food X costs Rs. 24 and one kg of food Y cost Rs. 36. Using linear programming, find the least cost
of the total mixture which will contain the required vitamins.

9. A company manufactures, two types of products A and B, Each unit of A requries 3 grams of nickel
and 1 gram of chromium, while each unit of B requires 1 gram of nickel adn 2 grams of chromium.
The firm can produce 9 grams of nickel and 8 grams of chromium. The profit is Rs. 40 on eahc unit
of product of type A and Rs. 50 on each unit to type B. How many units of each type should the
company manufacture so as to earn maximum profit ? Use linear programming to find the solution.

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