Arihant 20 Years Chapterwise Topicwise JEE Main Solved Papers Mathematics-1
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Krishna KArihant 20 Years Chapterwise Topicwise JEE Main Solved Papers Mathematics-1
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Krishna KSOLVED PAPERS
Mathematics
SOLVED PAPERS
Mathematics
Complete Collection of all Questions asked
in ONLINE & OFFLINE JEE Main & AIEEE
ARIHANT PRAKASHAN (Series), MEERUT
ARIHANT PRAKASHAN (Series), MEERUT
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PREFACE
JEE Main is a gateway examination for candidates expecting to seek
admission in Bachelor in Engineering (BE), Bachelor of Technology
(B.Tech) and Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch) at Indian Institutes of
Information Technology (IIITs), National Institutes of Technology (NITs),
Delhi Technological University and other Centrally Funded Technical
Institutes (CFTIs).
JEE Main is also an examination which is like screening examination
for JEE Advanced (The gateway examination to India's most reputed
Technical Institutes, Indian Institutes of Technology IITs).
To make the students well-versed with the pattern as well as the level
of the questions asked in the exam, this book contains Chapterwise
Topicwise Solutions of Questions asked in Last 20 Years’
Examinations of JEE Main (formerly known as AIEEE). Solutions to all
the questions have been kept very detailed and accurate. Along with
the indication of level of the exam, this book will also teach you to
solve the questions objectively in the examination.
We hope this book would be highly beneficial for the students. We
would be grateful if any discrepancy or mistake in the questions or
answers is brought to our notice so that these could be rectified in
subsequent editions.
Publisher
CONTENTS
1. Sets, Relations and Functions 1-18
2. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 19-49
3. Matrices and Determinants 50-87
4. Permutations and Combinations 88-98
5. Mathematical Induction 99-100
6. Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications 101-118
7. Sequences and Series 119-141
8. Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 142-175
9. Applications of Derivatives 176-198
10. Integral Calculus 199-248
11. Differential Equations 249-273
12. Coordinate Geometry 274-342
13. Three-Dimensional Geometry 343-373
14. Vector Algebra 374-393
15. Statistics and Probability 394-424
16. Trigonometry 425-456
17. Mathematical Reasoning 457-467
SYLLABUS
UNIT 1 Sets, Relations and Functions
Sets and their representation; Union, intersection and complement of sets and their algebraic
properties; Power set; Relation, Types of relations, equivalence relations, functions;. one-one, into
and onto functions, composition of functions.
UNIT 2 Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib
and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers, modulus and
argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, square root of a complex number, triangle
inequality, Quadratic equations in real and complex number system and their solutions. Relation
between roots and co-efficients, nature of roots, formation of quadratic equations with given
roots.
UNIT 3 Matrices and Determinants
Matrices, algebra of matrices, types of matrices, determinants and matrices of order two and
three. Properties of determinants, evaluation of deter-minants, area of triangles using
determinants. Adjoint and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and
elementary transformations, Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in
two or three variables using determinants and matrices.
UNIT 4 Permutations and Combinations
Fundamental principle of counting, permutation as an arrangement and combination as
selection, Meaning of P (n,r) and C (n,r), simple applications.
UNIT 5 Mathematical Induction
Principle of Mathematical Induction and its simple applications.
UNIT 6 Binomial Theorem and its Simple Applications
Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term and middle term, properties of
Binomial coefficients and simple applications.
UNIT 7 Sequences and Series
Arithmetic and Geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two
given numbers. Relation between A.M. and G.M. Sum upto n terms of special series: ∑ n, ∑ n2, ∑
n3. Arithmetico - Geometric progression.
UNIT 8 Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
Real valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and
exponential functions, inverse functions. Graphs of simple functions. Limits, continuity and
differentiability.
Differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions. Differentiation of
trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic exponential, composite and implicit functions
derivatives of order upto two. Rolle's and Lagrange's Mean Value Theorems. Applications of
derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic - increasing and decreasing functions,
Maxima and minima of functions of one variable, tangents and normals.
UNIT 9 Integral Calculus
Integral as an anti - derivative. Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric,
exponential and logarithmic functions. Integration by substitution, by parts and by partial
fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities. Evaluation of simple integrals of the type
dx , dx , dx , dx ,
x2 ± a2 Öx 2 ± a 2 a2 – x2 Öa 2 – x 2
dx , dx , (px + q) dx ,
ax 2 + bx + c Öax 2 + bx + c ax 2 + bx + c
(px + q) dx ,
Öax 2 + bx + c Öa 2 ± x 2 dx and Öx 2 – a 2 dx
Integral as limit of a sum. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Properties of definite integrals.
Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in
standard form.
UNIT 10 Differential Equations
Ordinary differential equations, their order and degree. Formation of differential equations.
Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solution of
homogeneous and linear differential equations of the type dy +p (x) y = q(x)
dx
UNIT 11 Coordinate Geometry
Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula, section formula, locus
and its equation, translation of axes, slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of
a line on the coordinate axes.
Ÿ Straight lines
Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions
for concurrence of three lines, distance of a point from a line, equations of internal and
external bisectors of angles between two lines, coordinates of centroid, orthocentre and
circumcentre of a triangle, equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection
of two lines.
Ÿ Circles, conic sections
Standard form of equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and
centre, equation of a circle when the end points of a diameter are given, points of intersection
of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to a
circle, equation of the tangent. Sections of cones, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse
and hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for y = mx + c to be a tangent and point (s) of
tangency.
UNIT 12 Three Dimensional Geometry
Coordinates of a point in space, distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios
and direction cosines, angle between two intersecting lines. Skew lines, the shortest distance
between them and its equation. Equations of a line and a plane in different forms, intersection of
a line and a plane, coplanar lines.
UNIT 13 Vector Algebra
Vectors and scalars, addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three
dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple product.
UNIT 14 Statistics and Probability
Measures of Dispersion: Calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data.
Calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data.
Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye's
theorem, probability distribution of a random variate, Bernoulli trials and Binomial distribution.
UNIT 15 Trigonometry
Trigonometrical identities and equations. Trigonometrical functions. Inverse trigonometrical
functions and their properties. Heights and Distances.
UNIT 16 Mathematical Reasoning
Statements, logical operations and implies, implied by, if and only if. Understanding of
tautology, contradiction, converse and contra positive.
EXAM BITES
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Sets, Relations and Functions 1
01
Sets, Relations
and Functions
TOPIC 1 Ans. (c) n=
97 − 7
+ 1 = 16 [Qa n = a + (n − 1)d]
Sets Let A = Patient suffering from heart
6
16
ailment and B = Set of patient suffering Hence, sum = [7 + 97]
01 If A = {x ∈ R : | x − 2 | > 1}, from lungs infection 2
Given, n(A) = 89% and n(B) = 98% = 832 QS = n (a + l )
B = {x ∈R : x 2 − 3 > 1} and n
2
n (A ∪ B) ≥ n (A) + n (B) − n (A ∩ B)
C = {x ∈R :| x − 4 | ≥ 2} and Z is the set ⇒ 100 ≥ 89 + 98 − n (A ∩ B ) 04 In a school, there are three types of
of all integers, then the number of
⇒ 87 ≤ n(A ∩ B) games to be played. Some of the
subsets of the set (A ∩ B ∩ C) C ∩ Z
Also, n(A ∩ B) = min { n(A), n(B)} students play two types of games,
is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I]
⇒ n (A ∩ B) ≤ 89 but none play all the three games.
Ans. (256)
∴ 87 ≤ n (A ∩ B) ≤ 89 Which Venn diagram can justify the
A = {x ∈ R : | x − 2 | > 1 } So, n (A ∩ B) ∉{ 79, 81, 83, 85}. above statement?
⇒ A = (− ∞, 1) ∪ (3, ∞) [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
B = {x ∈ R : x 2 − 3 > 1 } 03 Let A = {n ∈ N|n2 ≤ n + 10000, },
⇒ B = (− ∞, − 2) ∪ (2, ∞) B = {3k + 1 | k ∈ N} and C = {2k | k ∈ N},
C = { x ∈ R : | x − 4 | ≥ 2} then the sum of all the elements of
⇒ C = (− ∞, 2] ∪ [6, ∞) the set A ∩ (B − C) is equal to
………… . [2021, 27 July Shift-II] (P) (Q) (R)
⇒ A ∩ B ∩C = (− ∞, − 2) ∪ [6, ∞)
Ans. (832) (a) P and Q
⇒ (A ∩ B ∩C) C = [−26 ,)
(b) P and R
∴ (A ∩ B ∩ C) C ∩ Z = {− 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Let A = { n ∈N | n2 ≤ n + 10000 }
(c) None of these
Number of subsets of (A ∩ B ∩ C) C ∩ Z n2 ≤ n + 10000
= 28 = 256 (d) Q and R
n2 − n ≤ 10000
⇒ n(n − 1) ≤ 100 × 100 Ans. (c)
02 Out of all the patients in a hospital C C C
⇒ A = { 1, 2, 3, ……, 100 } A B A B
89% are found to be suffering from Now, B = {3k + 1 | k ∈N }
A B
heart ailment and 98% are
B = {4, 7, 10, 13, … }
suffering from lungs infection. If
and C = {2k | k ∈N }
K% of them are suffering from both
C = {2, 4, 6, 8, … }
ailments, then K can not belong to The shaded region of The shaded region The shaded region
So, B − C = { 7, 13, 19, ……, 97, … } this Venn diagram of this Venn diagram of this Venn diagram
the set [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I] represents the represent the students represent the students
who play all three
So, A ∩ (B − C) = { 7, 13, 19, ……, 97 }
students who play all who play all three
(a) {80, 83, 86, 89} three types of games. type of games. type of games.
(b) {84, 86, 88, 90} This form an AP with common difference
As now, play all three games, the
(c) {79, 81, 83, 85} (d = 6)
intersection of all three circles must be
(d) {84, 87, 90, 93} ⇒ 97 = 7 + (n − 1)6 zero.
2 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
05 Let A = {n ∈ N : n is a 3-digit number} 07 A survey shows that 63% of the people On comparing n = 4 and m − n = 3
B = {9k + 2 : k ∈ N} in a city read newspaper A whereas ∴ m= 7
So, m⋅ n = 28
and C = {9k + l : k ∈ N} for some 76% read news- paper (b) If x%of the
l (0 < l < 9) people read both the newspapers,
10 Let X = {n ∈N : 1≤ n ≤ 50}. If
If the sum of all the elements of then a possible value of x can be
A = {n ∈X : n is multiple of 2} and
the set A ∩ (B ∪ C) is 274 × 400, (a) 55 (b) 29 (c) 65 (d) 37
B = {n ∈X : n is a multiple of 7}, then
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
then l is equal the number of elements is the
Ans. (a)
to ........... . [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] smallest subset of X containing
Let n(A) = Number of people read
Ans. (5) newspaper both A and B is ………… .
Given, A = { n ∈N : n is a 3-digit number} A = 63% [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
B = {9k + 2 : k ∈N } n(B) = Number of people read Ans. (29)
C = {9k + l : k ∈N } newspaper Given X = { n ∈N : 1 ≤ n ≤ 50 }, then
B = 76% A = { n ∈ X : n is multiple of 2}
Q3 digit number of the form3k + 2 are
and n(A ∩ B) = Number of people read = {2, 4, 6, 8,......, 50 }
{101, 109, … 992}
both = x%
100 100 × 1093 and B = { n ∈ X : n = is multiple of 7
⇒ Sum = [101 + 992] = Q n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)
2 2 {7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49} Q 14, 28, 42∈A
and 76 ≤ n (A ∪ B) ≤ 100
Similarly, 3-digit number of the form ∴ Smallest subset of X containing
9k + 5 is ∴ 76 ≤ 63 + 76 − x ≤ 100 elements of both A and B have elements
100 100 × 1099 ⇒ 0 ≤ 63 − x ≤ 24 ⇒ 39 ≤ x ≤ 63 = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)
[104 + 995] =
2 2 Hence, option (a) is correct. = 25 + 7 − 3 = 29
50 n
[Qnumbers are 104, 113, …, 995]
08 Let U X i = U Yi = T , where each X i 11 If A = {x ∈R :| x | < 2} and
100 × 1093 100 × 1099
Their sum = + i =1 i =1
2 2
contains 10 elements and each Yi B = {x ∈R :| x − 2| ≥ 3}, then
= 100 × 1096 = 400 × 274 contains 5 elements. If each
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
Hence, we can say the value ofl = 5 (a) B − A = R − (−2, 5)
element of the setT is an element
(b) A − B = [−1, 2)
as the second series of numbers of exactly 20 of sets X i ′ s and
obtained by setC is of the form 9k + 5. (c) A ∪ B = R − (2, 5)
exactly 6 of sets Yi ′ s, then n is
∴Required value ofl = 5 (d) A ∩ B = (−2, − 1)
equal to [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II]
Ans. (a)
06 Consider the two sets A = {m∈R : (a) 50 (b) 15 (c) 45 (d) 30
Given sets A = { x ∈ R : | x |< 2},
both the roots of Ans. (d)
and B = { x ∈ R : | x − 2 | ≥ 3}
x 2 − (m +1) x + m +4= 0 are real} and According to the given information
then, A = { x ∈ R : − 2 < x < 2}
B= [− 3, 5). Which of the following is number of distinct elements in
50
50 × 10 and
not true? [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
U Xi = 20 = 25 B = { x ∈ R :(x − 2) ∈ (−∞, − 3] ∪ [3, ∞)}
(a) A − B = (− ∞, − 3) ∪ (5, ∞) i=1
{x ∈ R : x ∈ (−∞, − 1] ∪ [5, ∞)}
(b) A ∩ B = { − 3} and number of distinct elements in
n
n× 5 ∴ B − A = R − (−2, 5)
(c) B − A = (− 3, 5)
U Yi = 6 50 Hence, option (a) is correct .
(d) A ∪ B = R i=1
n
Ans. (a)
Q U Xi = U Yi = T [given]
i=1 i=1 12 Two newspapers A and B are
Given sets A = { m∈R :both the roots of n× 5 published in a city. It is known that
⇒ 25 = ⇒n = 30.
x 2 − (m + 1) x + m + 4 = 0 are real} and 6 25% of the city population reads A
B = [− 3, 5) and 20% reads B while 8% reads
09 Set A has m elements and Set B has
Q Roots of x 2 − (m + 1) x + m + 4 = 0 are real, both A and B. Further, 30% of
m∈R n elements. If the total number of those who read A but not B look
∴ D ≥ 0 ⇒(m + 1) 2 − 4(m + 4) ≥ 0 subsets of A is 112 more than the into advertisements and 40% of
⇒ m2 − 2m − 15 ≥ 0 total number of subsets of B, then those who read B but not A also
⇒ m − 5m + 3m − 15 ≥ 0
2 the value of m ⋅ n is ..... look into advertisements, while
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
⇒ m (m − 5) + 3 (m − 5) ≥ 0 50% of those who read both A
Ans. (28.00) and B look into advertisements.
⇒ (m + 3) (m − 5) ≥ 0
⇒ m∈ (− ∞, − 3] ∪ [5, ∞) It is given that n(A) = m and n(B) = n Then, the percentage of the
and 2m = 2n + 112 . population who look into
∴ A = (− ∞, − 3] ∪ [5, ∞)
∴ A − B = (− ∞, − 3) ∪ [5, ∞)
[Qnumber of subsets of set A and B are advertisements is
2m and 2n respectively] (a) 13.5 (b) 13
A ∩ B = { − 3}, B − A = (− 3, 5) and
A∪B = R ⇒ 2m − 2n = 24 (7) (c) 12.8 (d) 13.9
Hence, option (a) is correct. ⇒ 2n (2m − n − 1) = 24 (23 − 1) [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
Sets, Relations and Functions 3
n (C ∩ A) =
Ans. (d) 140
A B = 14
10
Let the population of city is 100.
Then, n(A) = 25, n(B) = 20 and n(A ∩ B) = 8 (numbers divisible by both 2 and 5)
n (A ∩ B ∩ C) =
140
A B U C =4
30
From the Venn diagram, it is clear that
(numbers divisible by 2, 3 and 5)
if A − B ⊆ C, then A ⊆ C.
and n (A ∪ B ∪C)
17 8 12
n(U)=100 Now, if (A − C) ⊆ B, for this statement
= Σn(A) − Σn(A ∩ B) + n (A ∩ B ∩C)
the Venn diagram.
= (70 + 46 + 28 ) − (23 + 9 + 14) + 4 = 102
A ∴ Number of students who did not opt
Venn diagram B any of the three courses
= Total students − n (A ∪ B ∪C)
So, n(A ∩ B ) = 17 and n(A ∩ B) = 12 = 140 − 102 = 38
C
According to the question, Percentage
of the population who look into From the Venn diagram, it is clear that 15 Let S = {1, 2, 3,... , 100}. The number
advertisement is A ∩ B ≠ φ, A ∩ B ⊆ C and A –C = φ ⊆ B but
A ⊆ B. of non-empty subsets A of S such
30
× n(A ∩ B ) + × n(A ∩ B)
40 that the product of elements in A is
=
100
100 14 In a class of 140 students even, is 2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
50 numbered 1 to 140, all even (a) 2 50 (2 50 − 1) (b) 2 50 − 1
+ × n(A ∩ B) numbered students opted
100 (c) 2 50 + 1 (d) 2 100 − 1
Mathematics course, those whose Ans. (a)
30 50
× 17 + × 12 +
40
= × 8 number is divisible by 3 opted
100 100 100 Given, set S = { 1, 2, 3,...,100 }. Total
Physics course and those whose number of non-empty subsets of
= 5.1 + 4.8 + 4 number is divisible by 5 opted S = 2 100 − 1
= 13.9 Chemistry course. Then, the Now, numbers of non-empty subsets of
number of students who did not S in which only odd numbers {1, 3, 5, … ,
13 Let A,B and C be sets such that opt for any of the three courses is 99} occurs = 2 50 − 1
φ ≠ A ∩ B ⊆ C. Then, which of the [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] So, the required number of non-empty
following statements is not true? (a) 42 (b) 102 (c) 38 (d) 1 subsets of S such that product of
(a) B ∩ C ≠ φ Ans. (c) elements is even.
(b) If (A − B) ⊆ C, then A ⊆ C A B = (2 100 − 1) − (2 50 − 1)
(c) (C ∪ A) ∩ (C ∪ B) = C = 2 100 − 2 50 = 2 50 (2 50 − 1).
(d) If (A − C) ⊆ B, then A ⊆ B 16 Let Z be the set of integers. If
A = {x ∈ Z : 2 ( x + 2 ) ( x − 5 x + 6 ) = 1} and
2
C
[2019, 12 April, Shift-II]
Ans. (d) B = {x ∈ Z : − 3 < 2x − 1 < 9}, then the
Let A be the set of even numbered number of subsets of the set A × B,
Key Idea Use Venn diagram for operations students then
of sets. is [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
140
n(A) = = 70 (a) 212 (b) 218
According to the question, we have the 2 (c) 215 (d) 210
following Venn diagram. ([.] denotes greatest integer function)
Here, A ∩ B ⊆ C and A ∩ B ≠ φ Ans. (c)
Let B be the set of those students whose
number is divisible by 3, then Given, set A = { x ∈ Z :2 (x + 2 ) (x 2 − 5 x + 6 )
= 1}
C
n(B) =
140 Consider,2 (x + 2 ) (x − 5 x + 6 ) = 1 = 2º
2
= 46
A B 3 ⇒ (x + 2) (x − 3) (x − 2) = 0
([.] denotes greatest integer function) ⇒ x = −2, 2, 3
Let C be the set of those students whose ⇒ A = { −2, 2, 3}
number is divisible by 5, Also, we have set
n(C) =
140 B = { x ∈ Z : − 3 < 2x − 1 < 9}
A∩B then = 28
5 Consider, −3 < 2x − 1 < 9, x ∈ Z
Now, from the Venn diagram, it is clear
([.] denotes greatest integer ⇒ −2 < 2x < 10, x ∈ Z
function)
that ⇒ −1 < x < 5, x ∈ Z
n(A ∩ B) =
140
B ∩ C ≠ φ, is true Now, = 23 ⇒ B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
6
Also, (C ∪ A) ∩ (C ∪ B) = C ∪ (A ∩ B) = C So, A × B has 15 elements.
(numbers divisible by both 2 and 3)
∴ Number of subsets of A × B = 215 .
n(B ∩C) =
is true. 140
=9 [Qif n(A) = m, the number of possible
If (A − B) ⊆ C, for this statement the Venn 15
diagram is subsets = 2m ]
(numbers divisible by both 3 and 5)
4 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
17 Let S = {x ∈R : x ≥ 0 and Ans. (b) After pre-multiply by P −1 and
post-multiply by P,
2| x − 3| + x ( x − 6) + 6 = 0.Then,S According to the question, let’s consider
we get
option (b) (2, 3) and (3, 4) satisfy
(a) is an empty set. [JEE Main 2018]
0 < | x − y | ≤ 1 but (2, 4) does not satisfy it. P −1 AP = B
(b) contains exactly one element. So, (B, A) ∈ R for matrix P −1 .
(c) contains exactly two elements. 21 Let N be the set of natural numbers So, R is a symmetric relation.
(d) contains exactly four elements. and a relation R on N be defined by For transitive relation,
Ans. (c) R = {(x, y) ∈N × N : x 3 − 3x 2 y − xy 2 Let ARB and BRC
We have, 2 | x − 3 | + x ( x − 6) + 6 = 0 + 3y 3 = 0}.Then the relation R is So, A = PBP −1 and B = PCP −1
[2021, 27 July Shift-II]
Let x −3= y Now, A = P (PCP −1 ) P −1
⇒ x =y+3 (a) symmetric but neither reflexive nor
transitive. ⇒ A = (P) C (P −1 ) 2 ⇒ A = (P) 2 .C.(P 2 ) −1
2
∴ 2 | y | + (y + 3)(y − 3) + 6 = 0 ∴(A, C) ∈ R for matrix P 2 .
(b) reflexive but neither symmetric nor
⇒ 2 |y | + y2 − 3 = 0 transitive. ∴R is transitive relation.
⇒ | y |2 + 2 | y | − 3 = 0 (c) reflexive and symmetric, but not Hence, R is an equivalence relation.
⇒ (| y | + 3)(| y | − 1) = 0 transitive.
⇒ | y | ≠ −3 ⇒ | y | = 1 (d) an equivalence relation. 23 Let A = {2, 3, 4, 5, .... , 30} and ‘−~ ’ be
⇒ y=±1 Ans. (b) an equivalence relation on A × A,
⇒ x − 3 = ± 1 ⇒ x = 4, 2 Given, relation R on N is defined by defined by (a, b) −~ (c, d), if and only if
⇒ x = 16, 4 R = {(x, y) ∈N × N : x 3 −3x 2 − xy 2 + 3y 3 = 0 }
ad = bc. Then, the number of
x 3 − 3x 2 y − xy 2 + 3y 3 = 0
18 If X = (4 n − 3n − 1: n ∈ N) and ordered pairs, which satisfy this
⇒ x 3 − xy 2 − 3x 2 y + 3y 3 = 0
Y = {9 (n − 1) : n ∈ N}, where N is the ⇒ x ( x 2 − y 2 ) − 3y ( x 2 − y 2 ) = 0
equivalence relation with ordered
set of natural numbers, then X ∪ Y ⇒ (x − 3y) (x 2 − y 2 ) = 0
pair (4, 3) is equal to
[2021, 16 March Shift-II]
is equal to [JEE Main 2014]
⇒ (x − 3y) (x − y) (x + y) = 0 (a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 7
(a) N (b) Y − X (c) X (d) Y
Now, x − x =0 Ans. (d)
Ans. (d) ⇒ x = x, ∀ (x, x) ∈N × N
Q X = {4n − 3n − 1 : n ∈N } A = {2, 3, 4, 5, …, 30 }
So, R is a reflexive relation.
a = bc
X = {0, 9, 54, 243,...} [put n = 1, 2, 3,...] But not symmetric and transitive
∴ (a, b) R (4, 3)
Y = {9 (n − 1) : n ∈N } relation because,
(3, 1) satisfies but (1, 3) does not. Also, ⇒ 3a = 4b
Y = {0, 1, 18, 27, K }
a = b
4
It is clear that X ⊂ Y .
(3, 1) and ⇒
(1, −1) satisfies but (3, − 1) does not. 3
∴ X ∪Y = Y
Hence, relation R is reflexive but neither b must be a multiple of 3,b can be
symmetric nor transitive. (3, 6, 9, … 30).
19 If A, B and C are three sets such that
Also, a must be less than or equal to 30.
A ∩ B = A ∩ C and A ∪ B = A ∪ C, 22 Define a relation R over a class of (a, b) = (4, 3), (8, 6), (12, 9), (16, 12), (20, 15)
then [AIEEE 2009] n × n real matrices A and B as “ARB, (24, 18), (28, 21)
(a) A = C (b) B = C if there exists a non-singular matrix ⇒7 ordered pairs
(c) A ∩ B = φ (d) A = B P such that PAP −1 = B”. Then which
Ans. (b) of the following is true ? 24 Let R = {(P, Q) |, P and Q are at the
Given, A ∩ B = A ∩ C and A ∪ B = A ∪ C [2021, 18 March Shift-II] same distance from the origin} be a
∴ B =C (a) R is symmetric, transitive but not relation, then the equivalence class
reflexive. of (1, –1) is the set
TOPIC 2 (b) R is reflexive, symmetric but not [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
transitive. (a) S = {(x, y) | x 2 + y2 = 4}
Relations (c) R is an equivalence relation. (b) S = {(x, y) | x 2 + y2 = 1}
(d) R is reflexive, transitive but not (c) S = {(x, y) | x 2 + y2 = 2}
20 Which of the following is not symmetric. (d) S = {(x, y) | x 2 + y2 = 2}
correct for relation R on the set of
Ans. (c) Ans. (d)
real numbers ? [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
(a) (x, y) ∈ R ⇔ 0 < | x | − | y | ≤ 1 is neither For reflexive relation, Let P (a, b) and Q (c, d) are any two points.
transitive nor symmetric. ∀ (A, A) ∈ R for matrix P. Given, OP = OQ
(b) (x, y) ∈ R ⇔ 0 < | x − y | ≤ 1 is symmetric ⇒ A = PAP −1 is true for P = 1
i.e. a 2 + b 2 = c 2 + d 2
and transitive. So, R is reflexive relation.
(c) (x, y) ∈ R ⇔ | x | − | y | ≤ 1 is reflexive but For symmetric relation, Squaring on both sides,
not symmetric. Let (A, B) ∈ R for matrix P. a2 + b2 = c2 + d2 … (i)
(d) (x, y) ∈ R ⇔ | x − y | ≤ 1 is reflexive and R = {((a, b), (c, d)) :a 2 + b 2 = c 2 + d 2 }
⇒ A = PBP −1
symmetric.
Sets, Relations and Functions 5
R (x, y), S (1, − 1), OR = OS (equivalence (a) B ⊂ A Now, if Y contains any 2 elements, then
class) (b) A ⊂ B these 2 elements cannot be used in any
This gives OR = x 2 + y 2 and OS = 2 (c) A ∩ B = φ (an empty set) way to construct Z, because we want
(d) neither A ⊂ B nor B ⊂ A Y ∩ Z = φ.
⇒ x2 + y2 = 2
Ans. (b) And from the remaining 3 elements
⇒x 2 + y 2 = 2 (Squaring on both sides) which are not present inY,23 subsets can
∴ S = {(x, y) : x 2 + y 2 = 2} We have, |a − 5 | < 1 and |b − 5 | < 1 be made each of which can be equal to Z
∴ −1 < a − 5 < 1 and −1 < b − 5 < 1 and stillY ∩ Z = φwill be true.
25 If R = {(x, y): x, y ∈ Z , x 2 + 3y 2 ≤ 8} is a ⇒ 4 < a < 6 and 4 < b < 6 Hence, total number of ways to
relation on the set of integers Z, Now, 4(a − 6) 2 + 9(b − 5) 2 ≤ 36 construct sets Y and Z such that
then the domain of R −1 is (a − 6) 2 (b − 5) 2 Y ∩Z=φ
⇒ + ≤1
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] 9 4
(a) { −1,0,1} = 5 C 0 × 25 + 5 C 1 × 25 − 1 + K + 5 C 5 × 25 − 5
Taking axes as a-axis and b-axis
(b) { − 2, − 1,1,2 } = (2 + 1) 5 = 35
(6, 7)
(c) { −2, − 1,0,1,2 } b
Method 2
(d) {0, 1} Q (6, 6) Since,Y ⊆ X, Z ⊆ X, hence we can only
P
Ans. (a) use the elements of X to construct sets
Given relation, (0, 5) (3, 5)(4, 5) (6, 5) (9, 5) Y and Z.
R = {(x, y) : x, y ∈Z, x 2 + 3y 2 ≤ 8} S R (6, 4) Every elements in X (say a) has four
For, y 2 = 0, x 2 = 0, 1, 4 For, y 2 = 1, (6, 3) options (as far as going to Y and Z is
x 2 = 0, 1, 4 concerned).
For, y 2 = 4, x 2 ∈φ a (a) a ∈Y , i.e., a is present in Y and a ∈ Z,
∴ Range of R is possible values of y i.e., ‘ a ’ is present in Z.
= { − 1, 0, 1} The set A represents square PQRS inside (b) a ∈Y , i.e., a is present in Y and a ∉Z,
set B representing ellipse and hence i.e., ‘ a ’ is not present in Z.
∴ Domain of R −1 = Range of R = { − 1, 0, 1} A ⊂ B. (c) a ∉Y , i.e., a is not present in Y and
26 Let R1 and R2 be two relations defined a ∈ Z,
28 Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. The number of i.e., a is present in Z.
as follows
different ordered pairs (Y , Z) that (d) a ∉Y , i.e., a is not present in Y and
R1 = {(a, b) ∈R 2 : a 2 + b 2 ∈Q}
can formed such that Y ⊆ X , Z ⊆ X a ∉Z,
and R2 = {(a, b) ∈R 2 : a 2 + b 2 ∉Q},
and Y ∩ Z is empty, is [AIEEE 2012] i.e., a is not present in Z.
where Q is the set of all rational
(a) 5 2 (b) 35 Analysis of the above 4 cases
numbers. Then [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
(c) 2 5 (d) 5 3 (a) Ifa is present in Y and also in Z, then
(a) R1 and R2 are both transitive. Ans. (b) it will be certainly present inY ∩ Z.
(b) Neither R1 nor R2 is transitive.
Given A set X = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (b) Ifa is present in Y but not present in
(c) R 1 is transitive but R 2 is not transitive. Z, then it will not be present in
To find The number of different
(d) R 2 is transitive but R 1 is not transitive. Y ∩ Z.
ordered pairs (Y , Z) such that Y ⊆ X, Z ⊆ X
Ans. (b) and Y ∩ Z = φ.Since,Y ⊆ X, Z ⊆ X, hence (c) Ifa is not present in Y but present in
Given relation, we can only use the elements of X to Z, then also it will not be present in
R 1 = {(a, b) ∈ R 2 :a 2 + b 2 ∈ Q } construct sets Y and Z. Y ∩ Z.
Let (a, b) ∈ R 1 ⇒a 2 + b 2 ∈ Q and (b, c) ∈ R 1 Method 1 (d) If a is not present in both of Y and
⇒ b2 + c 2 ∈Q Number of ways Z, then it will not be present in
∴a 2 + 2b 2 + c 2 ∈ Q , but we can not say n ( Y ) Number of ways to make Z such Y ∩ Z.
to make Y that Y ∩ Z = φ
that a 2 + c 2 ∈ Q , so (a, c) ∉R 1 We wantY ∩ Z = φ to which only case (a)
∴R 1 is not transitive. 0 5
C0 25 is not favourable and remaining cases,
And another given relation 5 i.e., cases (b), (c) and (d) are favourable.
R 2 = {(a, b) ∈ R 2 :a 2 + b 2 ∉Q } 1 C1 24
Hence, for every elements ‘ a ’ in X,
Let (a, b) ∈ R 2 ⇒a 2 + b 2 ∉Q 2 5
C2 23 there are 3 favourable ways such that
and (b, c) ∈ R 2 ⇒b 2 + c 2 ∉Q
3 5
C3 22 Y ∩ Z = φ.
∴a 2 + 2b 2 + c 2 ∉Q , but we can not say
that a 2 + c 2 ∉Q , so (a, c) ∉R 2 5 ⇒ Total number of ways
4 C4 21
∴R 2 is not transitive. = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 35
5
5 C5 20 [as there are 5 elements in X and each of
Hence, option (b) is correct.
them have 3 options to go or not to go to
Let us explain anyone of the above 6 Y and Z]
27 Two sets A and B are as under rows say third row. In third row,
A = {(a, b) ∈R × R : | a − 5| < 1and 29 Let R be the set of real numbers.
Number of elements inY = 2
| b − 5| < 1} ∴Number of ways to selectY = 5 C 2 ways Statement I A = {(x, y) ∈R × R : y − x
B = {(a, b) ∈R × R:4(a − 6) + 9(b − 5) 2
2 Because any 2 elements of X can be part is an integer} is an equivalence
≤ 36}. Then, [JEE Main 2018]
of Y. relation on R.
6 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Statement II 30 Consider the following relations 31 Let R be the real line. Consider the
B = {(x, y) ∈R × R : x = αy for some R = {(x , y) | x , y are real numbers and following subsets of the plane R × R
rational number α} is an x = wy for some rational number S = {(x, y) : y = x + 1 and 0 < x < 2 }
equivalence relation on R. m p T = {(x, y) : x − y is an integer}
w} ; S = , m, n, p and q are
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is n q Which one of the following is true?
[AIEEE 2008]
true; Statement II is not a correct integers such that n, q ≠ 0 and
explanation of Statement I (a) T is an equivalence relation on R but
qm = pn}. Then, [AIEEE 2010]
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II S is not.
(a) R is an equivalence relation but S is
is false (b) Neither S nor T is an equivalence
not an equivalence relation.
(c) Statement I is false, Statement II relation on R.
is true (b) Neither R nor S is an equivalence
(c) Both S and T are equivalence
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is relation.
relations onR.
true; Statement II is a correct (c) S is an equivalence relation but R is
(d) Sis an equivalence relation onR but
explanation of Statement I not an equivalence relation.
T is not.
Condition for equivalence (d) R and S both are equivalence
Ans. (a)
relation A relation which is relations.
Since, (1, 2) ∈S but (2, 1) ∉S
symmetric, reflexive and Ans. (c)
transitive is equivalence relation. So, S is not symmetric.
Given, relation R is defined as
[AIEEE 2011] Hence, S is not an equivalence relation.
R = {(x , y) | x , y are real numbers and
Ans. (b) x = wy for some rational number w} Given, T = {(x, y) : (x − y) ∈l }
Statement I (i) Reflexive xRx ⇒ x = wx Now, x − x = 0 ∈I, it is reflexive relation.
A = {(x, y) ∈ R × R : y − x is an integer} ∴ w = 1 ∈rational number Again now, (x − y) ∈I
(a) Reflexive The relation R is reflexive. y − x ∈I, it is symmetric relation.
xRx : (x − x) is an integer. i.e., true (ii) Symmetric xRy ⇒ / yRx as 0 R 1 Let x − y = I 1 and y − z = I 2
∴ Reflexive But 1R0 ⇒1 = w ⋅ (0) Now, x − z = (x − y) + ( y − z) = I 1 + I 2 ∈I
So, T is also transitive.
(b) Symmetric which is not true for any rational
number. Hence,T is an equivalence relation.
xRy : (x − y) is an integer.
⇒− ( y − x) is an integer. The relation R is not symmetric. 32 Let W denotes the words in the
⇒ ( y − x) is an integer. Thus, R is not equivalence relation. English dictionary define the
⇒ yRx Now, for relation S which is defined as relation R by
m p
∴ Symmetric S = , m, n, p and q ∈integers R = {(x, y) ∈W × W :the words
(c) Transitive n q x and y have atleast one letter in
xRy and yRz such that n, q ≠ 0 and qm = pn} common}. Then, R is [AIEEE 2006]
⇒(x − y) is an integer and ( y − z) is an m m
(i) Reflexive R ⇒ mn = mn [true] (a) reflexive, symmetric and not
integer. n n transitive
⇒(x − y) + ( y − z) is an integer. The relationS is reflexive. (b) reflexive, symmetric and transitive
m p
⇒(x − z) is an integer. (ii) Symmetric R ⇒ mq = np (c) reflexive, not symmetric and
n q transitive
⇒ xRz p m
⇒ np = mq ⇒ R (d) not reflexive, symmetric and transitive
∴ Transitive q n
Hence, A is an equivalence relation. Ans. (a)
The relationS is symmetric.
m p p r Let W = {CAT ,TOY , YOU,...}
Statement II (iii) Transitive R and R
n q q s Clearly, R is reflexive and symmetric but
B = {(x, y) ∈ R × R : x = αy for some not transitive.
rational numberα} ⇒ mq = np [Q CAT RTOY , TOY R YOU ⇒
/ CAT R YOU ]
1
If α = , then for reflexive, we have and ps = rq
2 33 Let R = {(3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12),
⇒ mq⋅ ps = np⋅rq
1
xR x ⇒x = x , which is not true, ⇒ ms = nr (6, 12), (3, 9), (3, 12), (3, 6)} be a
2 m r
∀ x ∈ R − {0 }. ⇒ = relation on the set
∴Bis not reflexive on R.
n s A = {3, 6, 9, 12}. The relation is
m r
⇒ R [AIEEE 2005]
Hence,Bis not an equivalence relation n s
on R. (a) reflexive and symmetric only.
The relationS is transitive. (b) an equivalence relation.
Hence, statement I is true, statement II
Hence, the relation S is equivalence (c) reflexive only.
is false.
relation.
(d) reflexive and transitive only.
Sets, Relations and Functions 7
Ans. (d) ⇒log 1 ≤ log (3 − 2 sin x + 2 cos x) Also f (3) = f (2 + 1) = f (2) + f (1)
5 5
Since, for every elements of A, there ≤ log 5 5 = f (1 + 1) + f (1)
exists elements (3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12) ⇒0 ≤ f (x) ≤ 2 f (3) = f (1) + f (1) + f (1)
∈R ⇒ R is reflexive relation. ⇒f (x) ∈ [0, 2] ⇒ 9 = 3f(1) ⇒ f(1) = 3
Now, (6, 12) ∈R but (12, 6) ∉R, so it is not a ∴ f (2) = f (1 + 1) = f (1) + f (1) = 3 + 3 = 6
symmetric relation. 36 The domain of the function Hence,f (2) ⋅f (3) = 6⋅9 = 54
Also, (3, 6), (6, 12) ∈R ⇒(3, 12) ∈R 3x 2 + x − 1 x − 1
∴ R is transitive relation. f (x) = sin − 1 + cos − 1 38 The domain of the function
( x − 1)
2
x + 1 1 + x
34 Let R = {(1, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (2, 3), cosec − 1 is
is [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] x
(a) 0, (b) [− 2, 0] ∪ ,
(3, 1)} be a relation on the set 1 1 1 [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. The relation R is 4 4 2
(a) − 1, − ∪ (0, ∞)
1
(a) a function. [AIEEE 2004] (c) , ∪ {0 }
1 1
(d) 0,
1 2
4 2 2
(b) − , 0 ∪ [1, ∞)
(b) transitive. 1
(c) not symmetric. Ans. (c) 2
(d) reflexive. 3x 2 + x − 1 −1 x − 1
1
f (x) = sin−1 + cos (c) − , ∞ − {0}
Ans. (c) (x − 1)
2
x + 1 2
Given, R = {(1, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (2, 3), (3, 1)} is a (d) − , ∞ − {0 }
x−1 x −1 1
relation on the set A = { 1, 2, 3, 4}. −1 ≤ ≤ 1 ⇒−1 − 1 ≤ − 1≤ 1 − 1 2
x+1 x+1
(a) Since, (2, 4) ∈ R and (2,3) ∈ R. So, R is −2 1 Ans. (d)
not a function. ⇒ −2 ≤ ≤0 ⇒ 0≤ ≤1
x+1 x+ 1 1+ x
f (x) = cosec −1
1+ x
(b) Since, (1, 3) ∈ R and (3, 1) ∈ R but ≥1
⇒ 1≤ x + 1< ∞ x x
(1, 1) ∉R. So, R is not transitive.
(c) Since, (2, 3) ∈R but (3, 2) ∉R. So, R is ⇒ 0≤ x< ∞ Clearly , x ≠ 0
not symmetri(c) ⇒ x ∈ [0, ∞) …(i) | 1 + x |2 ≥ | x |2
(d) Since, (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4) ∉R. So, 3x 2 + x − 1 1 + x 2 + 2x ≥ x 2
and −1 ≤ ≤1
R is not reflexive. (x − 1) 2 2x + 1 ≥ 0
1
⇒ − (x − 1) 2 ≤ 3x 2 + x − 1 ≤ (x − 1) 2 , x ≠ 1 x≥ −
2
TOPIC 3 ⇒ − (x 2 − 2x + 1) ≤ 3x 2 + x − 1
1
and 3x 2 + x − 1 ≤ x 2 − 2x + 1 So, x ∈ − , ∞ − {0 }
Domain-range, Odd-even 2
⇒ 4x 2 − x ≥ 0
and Periodic Functions
and 2x 2 + 3x − 2 ≤ 0 39 Let {S = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Then the
⇒ x (4x − 1) ≥ 0 number of possible functions
35 The range of the function,
and (x + 2)(2x − 1) ≤ 0 f : S → S such that f (m ⋅ n) = f (m) ⋅ f (n)
3π
f (x) = log 3 + cos + x ⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ , ∞
1 for every m, n ∈ S and m ⋅ n ∈ S is
5 4 4
equal to ………… .
π π
+ cos + x + cos − x 1 [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
and x ∈ −2,
4 4 2 Ans. (490)
3π 1 1 S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
⇒ x ∈ (−2, 0] ∪ , …(ii)
− cos − x is 4 2
4 f :S → S
[2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II]
Domain of f in Eq. (i) ∩ Eq. (ii) f (m ⋅ n) = f (m) f (n)
1 1 m, n ∈ S ⇒m, n ∈ S
(a) (0, 5) (b) [−2,2] ∴ x ∈ {0 } ∪ ,
4 2
1 If mn ∈ S ⇒mn≤ 7
(c) , 5 (d) [0, 2] So, (1 ⋅ 1, 1 ⋅ 2, ..., 1 ⋅ 7) ≤ 7
5 37 Let f : N → N be a function such that
(2 ⋅ 2, 2 ⋅ 3) ≤ 7
Ans. (d) f (m + n) = f (m) + f (n) for every m, When m = 1, f (n) = f (1) ⋅ f (n) ⇒f(1) = 1
3π π n∈N. If f (6) = 18, then f (2) ⋅f (3) is When m = n = 2,
f (x) = log 5 3 + cos + x + cos + x
4 4 equal to [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
f (2) = 1 ⇒ f (4) = 1 or
π 3π f (4) = f (2) f(2) =
+ cos − x − cos − x
(a) 6 (b) 54
f (2) = 2 ⇒ f (4) = 4
4 4 (c) 18 (d) 36
When, m = 2, n = 3
= log (3 − 2 sin x + 2 cos x) Ans. (b)
5 When, f(2) = 1,
f (m + n) = f (m) + f (n), m, n ∈N
Q− 2 ≤ − 2 sin x + 2 cos x ≤ 2 f(3) = 1 to 7
∴ f (3 + 3) = f (3) + f (3) f (6) = f (2) f(3)
⇒1 ≤ 3 − 2 sin x + 2 cos x ≤ 5 When, f(2) = 2,
⇒ f (6) = 2f (3) = 18 [Q f (6) = 18] f(3) = 1 or 2 or 3
8 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
And f(5), f(7) can take any value (1-7) 1 i.e. x ∈ (−∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞) − {integers}
(A) ∩ (B) = x ∈ ,1
[Qf (5) = f (1) ⋅f (5) ≤ 7 and f (7) = f (1) ⋅f (7) ≤ 7 } 2 i.e. all non-integers except the interval
The possible combination is 3 [−1, 1]
∴ α+β=
f(1) = 1 f(1) = 1 2 (here, −1 and 1 are included in except
f(2) = 1 f(2) = 2 case, because of −1 and 1 are integers).
f(3) = (1 − 7) f(3) = (1 − 3) 42 Let [x] denote the greatest integer
≤ x, where x ∈R. If the domain of 44 If the functions are defined as
f(4) = 1 f(4) = 4
the real valued function f (x) = x and g (x) = 1 − x , then what
f(5) = (1 − 7) f(5) = (1 − 7)
is the common domain of the
f (6) = f (3) f (6) = f (3) | [x]| − 2
f (x) = is (−∞, a) ∪ [b, c) following functions?
f(7) = (1 − 7) f(7) = (1 − 7) | [x]| − 3 f + g, f − g, f / g, g / f ,g − f , where
So, total = (1 × 1 × 7 × 1 × 7 × 1 × 7)
∪ [u , ∞) , a < b < c, then the value of (f ± g) (x) = f (x) ± g (x), (f / g)(x) =
f (x)
+ (1 × 1 × 3 × 1 × 7 × 1 × 7)
a + b + c is [2021, 20 July Shift-I] g (x)
= 490
(a) 8 (b) 1 [2021, 18 March, Shift-I]
40 If [x] be the greatest integer less (c) −2 (d) −3 (a) 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 (b) 0 ≤ x < 1
100 (−1) n n Ans. (c) (c) 0 < x < 1 (d) 0 < x ≤ 1
than or equal to x , then Σ | [x] | − 2 | [x] | − 2 Ans. (c)
n=8
2 f (x) = ≥0
| [x] | − 3 | [x] | − 3 Given,f (x) = x and g (x) = 1 − x
is equal to [25 July 2021, Shift-II]
Let | [x] | = t ∴Domain of f (x) = D 1 is x ≥ 0
(a) 0 (b) 4 + – + i.e. D 1 : x ∈ (0, ∞)
(c) −2 (d) 2
2 3 and domain of g (x) = D 2 is 1 − x ≥ 0
Ans. (b) t ∈ (–∞, 2] ∪ (3, ∞) ⇒ x≤ 1
We have, 3 i.e. D 2 : x ∈ (− ∞ 1]
100
(− 1) n n 2
∑ 2 (Q[x] is the greatest integer As, we know that, the domain of
f + g, f − g, g − f will be D 1 ∩ D 2 as well as
n = 8
f
function) –3 –2 1 2 3 the domain for is D 1 ∩ D 2 except all
Substitute the values of n g
| [x] | = 3 ⇒x ∈ [− 3, − 2) ∪ [3, 4) those value(s) of x, such that g (x) = 0.
= [4] + [− 4.5] + [5] + [− 5.5] g
Domain of x = [−∞, − 3) ∪ [− 2, 3) ∪ [4, ∞) Similarly, for is D 1 ∩ D 2 but f (x) ≠ 0 .
+ K + [− 49.5] + [50]
a = −3 f
= 4 − 5 + 5 − 6 + K − 50 + 50
b = −2 Hence, common domain for
=4 f g
c =3 (f + g), (f − g), , and (g − f) will be
g f
41 If the domain of the function ∴ a + b + c = − 3 + (− 2) + 3 = − 2
0 < x < 1.
cos −1 x 2 − x + 1
f (x) = is the interval 43 The real valued function
cosec −1 x 45 A function f (x) is given by
−1 2x − 1
sin f (x) = , where [x] denotes 5x
2 x − [x] f (x) = x , then the sum of the
5 +5
(α, β) , then α + β is equal to the greatest integer less than or series
[2021, 22 July Shift-II] equal to x, is defined for all x
2 3 39
f + f + f + K + f
3 1 1
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) 1 belonging to [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
2 2 20 20 20 20
(a) all reals except integers
Ans. (a) (b) all non-integers except the interval [ is equal to [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
cos−1 x 2 − x + 1 − 1,1] 29 49
f (x) = (c) all integers except 0, − 1, 1 (a) (b)
2x − 1 2 2
sin−1 (d) all reals except the interval [−1, 1] 39 19
2 (c) (d)
x 2 − x + 1 ≥ 0 and x 2 − x + 1 ≤ 1 Ans. (b) 2 2
⇒x ∈ R, x (x − 1) ≤ 0 cosec−1 x Ans. (c)
Given,f (x) =
0≤ x≤ 1 …(i) x − [x] 5x
Given,f (x) = , then,
−1 2x − 1 π 5 +5x
⇒ 0 < sin < cosec−1 x
2 2 ⇒ f (x) =
52 − x
2x − 1
{x} f (2 − x) = 2 −x
⇒ 0< <1 5 +5
2 For f (x) to be defined,
|x |≥ 1 x ≤ − 1 or x ≥ 1 5
1 3 ⇒ = x
⇒ < x< …(ii) 5 +5
2 2 { x } > 0 x ≠ 1 integers
Sets, Relations and Functions 9
5x + 5 Ans. (c) 49 For a suitable chosen real constant
This gives,f (x) + f (2 − x) = =1
5x + 5 x 2 −` x − 2 a, let a functin f : R − {a} → R be
Given, g (x) = , f (x) = sin−1 x
1 1 1 39 2x 2 −` x − 6 a −x
⇒ f + f 2 − = f + f = 1 defined by f (x) = . Further
20 20 20 20 f (g (x)) = sin−1 (g (x)) a+x
Similarly, x2 − x − 2 suppose that for any real number
fog (x) = sin−1 2
2 38
f + f = 1 and so on, 2x − x − 6 x ≠ −a and f (x) ≠ −a, (fof ) (x) = x.
20 20
Then, f − is equal to
For the domain of fog (x), 1
1 2 38 39 | g (x)|≤ 1 2
∴f + f + K + f + f
20 20 20 20 [QDomain of f (x) is [−1, 1] [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
20 x 2 − x − 2 1 1
= 1 + 1 + K + 1 + f ⇒ (a) (b) − (c) −3 (d) 3
2 ≤ 1 3 3
20 2x − x − 6
1 39 Ans. (d)
= 19 + f(1) = 19 + = (x + 1) (x − 2)
2 2 ⇒ ≤ 1 For a given functionf : R − { −a } → R
(2x + `3) (x − 2) defined by
46 If a + α = 1, b + β = 2 and x + 1 a−x
⇒ ≤ 1 f (x) = . Q (fof) (x) = x
β 2x + 3 a+x
af (x) + αf = bx + , x ≠ 0, then
1 a−x
a−
x x ⇒ −1 ≤
x+1
≤1 a − x a+x
2x + 3 ⇒ f =x ⇒ =x
f (x) + f
1 a + x a−x
a+
x x+1
2
a 2 + ax − a + x a+x
the value of expression ⇒ ≤1 ⇒ 2 =x
1 2x + `3 a + ax + a − x
x+
x ⇒ (x + 1) 2 ≤ (2x + 3) 2 ⇒ a 2 + ax − a + x = a 2 x + ax 2 + ax − x 2
is ……… . [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] ⇒ 3x + 10 x + 8 ≥ 0
2 ⇒ a (a − 1) = (a 2 − 1) x + x 2 (a − 1)
Ans. (2) ⇒ (3x + y)(x + 2) ≥ 0 ⇒ (a − 1) [x 2 + (a + 1) x − a] = 0 ⇒ a = 1
1− x
Given, a + α = 1 This implies, So, f (x) =
1+ x
4
b + β =2 x ∈ (−∞, − 2] ∪ − , ∞ 1 1 + (1 /2)
3 ∴ f − = =3
β
Qa ⋅f (x) + α ⋅f = bx +
1
… (i) 2 1 − (1 /2)
x x
1 48 Let f : R → R be a function which 50 Suppose that a function f : R → R
Replace x by ,
x satisfies satisfies f (x + y) = f (x)f (y) for all
1 b f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y), ∀ x, y ∈R. If f (1) = 2 n
x, y ∈R andf (1) = 3. If Σ f (i) = 363, then
af + af (x) = + βx … (ii) ( n − 1)
x x and g (n) = Σ f (k ), n∈N, then the
i =1
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
k =1 n is equal to [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
value of n, for which g (n) = 20 is Ans. (5.00)
1
(a + α) f (x) + f = x + (b + β)
1 [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
x x It is given that the functionf :R → R
(a) 5 (b) 20 satisfies, f (x + y) = f (x) ⋅f (y), ∀ x, y ∈ R
f (x) + f
1 (c) 4 (d) 9
⇒ f (x) = a x
x b + β 2
⇒ = = =2 Ans. (a) Q f(1) = 3 ⇒ a =3
x+
1 a+α 1
Given functionf : R → R, satisfies ∴ f (x) = 3x
x
f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) n
−1 So, at x = y = 1 Now, it is given that ∑ f (i) = 363
47 Let f (x) = sin x and i=1
f (2) = f (1) + f (1) = 2f (1) = 2 × 2 = 4
x2 − x − 2 Q f(1) = 2
⇒ 3 + 32 + 33 + K + 3n = 363
g (x) = 2 . 3(3n − 1)
2x − x − 6 At x = 2 and y = 1 ⇒ = 363 ⇒ 3n = 243 = 35
2
If g (2) = lim g (x), then the domain of f (3) = f (2) + f (1) = 4 + 2 = 6
x→2 ⇒ n= 5
Similarly,f(4) = 8 and so on.
thefunction fog is n− 1
[2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II] Now, as g (n) = Σ f (k) 51 Let f : R → R be such that for all
k =1
3
(a) (− ∞, − 2] ∪ − , ∞ = f (1) + f (2) + f (3) + ....+ f (n − 1)
x ∈R (2 1 + x + 2 1 − x ), f (x) and (3 x + 3 − x )
2 are in (a) P, then the minimum value
= 2 + 4 + 6 + ....+ 2 (n − 1)
(b) (−∞, − 2] ∪ [−1, ∞) (n − 1) (n) of f (x) is [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I]
=2× = n2 − n (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 0
2
(c) (−∞, − 2] ∪ − , ∞
4
3
Ans. (b)
So, if g (n) = 20 ⇒ n − n = 20 2
⇒ n (n − 1) = 20 ⇒ n = 5 It is given that
(d) (−∞, − 1] ∪ [2, ∞) 21 + x + 21 − x , f (x) and 3x + 3− x are in (a)P.
Hence, option (a) is correct.
10 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
So, 2f (x) = 2(2x + 2− x ) + 3x + 3− x Ans. (a) Ans. (c)
3x + 3− x 1− x 1
⇒ f (x) = (2x + 2− x ) + Given,f (x) = log e , | x | < 1, then Given functionf (x) = + log 10 (x 3 − x)
1+ x 4 − x2
2 For domain of f (x)
According to AM-GM, 1 − 2x
4 − x2 ≠ 0 ⇒ x ≠ ± 2 …(i)
ax + a−x 2x 1 + x 2 2x
≥ (a xa − x ) 1 / 2 f = log Q < 1 and x 3 − x > 0 ⇒ x (x − 1)(x + 1) > 0
2 1 + 2x 1 + x2
e
1+ x
2
2
From Wavy curve method,
⇒ a x + a − x ≥ 2, at x = 0 1+ x
2 1 + x 2 − 2x
∴ Minimum value off (x) = 2 + + +
2
1 + x2 (1 − x) 2 –∞ +∞
= log e
–
=2+ 1=3 = log e –1 0 – +1
1 + x + 2x
2
(1 + x)
2
Hence, option (b) is correct.
1+ x
2
2 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get the domain
52 Let f : (1, 3) → R be a function 1− x
= log e
1− x
= 2log e of f (x) as (−1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞).
x [x] 1+ x 1+ x
defined by f (x) = , where [x]
1 + x2 [Qlog e | A |m = mlog e | A | ] 56 Let f : R → R be defined by
denotes the greatest integer ≤ x. 1 − x x
= 2f (x) Qf (x) = log e f (x) = , x ∈R. Then, the range of
Then the range of f is 1 + x 1 + x2
2 3 3 4 2 4 f is [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
(a) , ∪ , (b) , 54 Let f (x) = a x (a > 0) be written as 1 1
5 5 4 5 5 5 (a) − , (b) (−1, 1) − {0}
3 4 2 1 3 4
f (x) = f1 (x) + f2 (x), where f1 (x) is an 2 2
(c) , (d) , ∪ , even function and f2 (x) is an odd
5 5 5 2 5 5 1 1
function. Then f1 (x + y) + f1 (x − y) (c) R − − , (d) R − [−1, 1]
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
2 2
Ans. (d)
equals [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
Ans. (a)
(a) 2 f1 (x + y) ⋅ f2 (x − y)
The given functionf : (1, 3) → R, defined by x
(b) 2 f1 (x + y) ⋅ f1 (x − y) We have,f (x) = , x ∈R
x (1) 1 + x2
, x ∈ (1, 2) (c) 2 f1 (x) ⋅ f2 (y)
x [x] 1 + x2 Method I f (x) is an odd function and
f (x) = = (d) 2 f1 (x) ⋅ f1 (y)
1 + x2 x (2) maximum occur at x = 1
, x ∈ [2, 3) Ans. (d)
1 + x2 Y
(1, 1/2) 1
x Given, functionf (x) = a x , a > 0 is written y=
, x ∈ (1, 2) as sum of an even and odd functionsf1 (x)
2
1 + x2 –1
Q f (x) = and f2 (x) respectively. X
2x ax + a−x ax − a−x O1
, x ∈ [2, 3) Clearly, f1 (x) = and f2 (x) =
1 + x2 2 2 y= –
1
2
is a decreasing function, so So, f1 (x + y) + f1 (x − y) (–1, 1/2)
2(3) 3 1 1
lim f (3 − h) → = = [a x + y + a − (x + y ) ] + [a x − y + a − (x − y ) ] From graph it is clear that range off (x) is
h→ 0 1+ 9 5 2 2
1 1
4 1 ax ay − ,
f(2) =
1
= a xa y + x y + y + x 2 2
5 2 aa a a 1
2
Similarly,f (x → 2− ) tends to andf (x→ 1 + ) Method II f (x) =
1 1 1 1 x+
1
5 = a x a y + y + x y + a y
1 2 a a a x
tends to .
2 1 1 1 If x > 0, then by AM ≥ GM , we get
= a x + x a y + y
So range of the given function ‘f’ is 2 a a x+
1
≥2 ⇒
1 1
≤ ⇒ 0 < f (x) ≤
1
2 1 3 4 1 2 2
, ∪ , ax + a−x ay + a−y x x+
5 2 5 5 = 2 = 2f1 (x) ⋅f1 (y) x
2 2
Hence, option (d) is correct. If x < 0, then by AM ≥ GM , we get
1
1 − x x + ≤ −2
55 The domain of the definition of the
53 If f (x) = log e ,| x | < 1, then 1
x
1 + x function f (x) = + log 10 (x 3 − x) ⇒
1 1 1
≥ − ⇒ – ≤ f (x) < 0
4 − x2 1 2 2
2x x+
f is equal to is [2019, 9 April Shift-II] x
1 + x
2
(a) (−1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ∪ (3, ∞) 0
If x = 0, then f (x) = =0
(a) 2f (x) (b) 2 f (x 2 ) (b) (−2, − 1) ∪ (−1, 0) ∪ (2, ∞) 1+ 0
(c) (f (x)) 2 (d) −2f (x) (c) (−1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞) 1 1
(d) (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞) Thus, − ≤ f (x) ≤
[2019, 8 Apr. Shift-I] 2 2
Sets, Relations and Functions 11
Hence,f (x) ∈ − , ⇒ f (x) = f (x) + f (0) + 0 ⇒ f(0) = 0
1 1 2
2 2 ⇒ f (x) = −x
⇒ c =0 x
Method III Again, put y = − x Now, consider f (x) = f (− x)
x ∴ f (0) = f (x) + f (− x) − x 2
Let y = ⇒yx 2 − x + y = 0 ⇒
2
−x=− + x
2
1 + x2 ⇒ 0 = ax 2 + bx + ax 2 − bx − x 2 x x
Q x ∈ R, so D ≥ 0 ⇒ 1 − 4y 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ 2ax 2 − x 2 = 0 ⇒ a =
1 4
⇒ = 2x
1 1 2
⇒(1 − 2y) (1 + 2y) ≥ 0 ⇒ y ∈ − , Also, a + b + c = 3
x
2 2
1 5 ⇒ 2x 2 = 4 ⇒ x 2 = 2
– + – ⇒ + b + 0 =3 ⇒ b =
2 2 ⇒ x=± 2
–1/2 1/2 x 2 + 5x
∴ f (x) = Hence, S contains exactly two elements.
So, range is − , .
1 1 2
2 2 n2 + 5n 1 2 5 60 The domain of the function
Now, f (n) = = n + n 1
1 2 2 2 f (x) = is [AIEEE 2011]
57 Let fk (x) = (sin k x + cos k x) for 10 10
| x| − x
k 1 5 10
∴ ∑ f (n) = 2 ∑ n + ∑n
2
k = 1, 2, 3 ... . Then, for all x ∈R, the n= 1 n= 1 2 n= 1 (a) (0, ∞)
value of f4 (x) − f6 (x) is equal to (b) (− ∞, 0)
1 10 × 11 × 21 5 10 × 11 (c) (− ∞, ∞) − { 0}
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] = ⋅ + ×
2 6 2 2 (d) (− ∞, ∞)
1 5
(a) (b) 385 275 660 Ans. (b)
12 12 = + = = 330 1
2 2 2 y=
−1 1 |x | − x
(c) (d)
59 If f (x) + 2f = 3x, x ≠ 0
12 4 1 For domain, | x | − x > 0
Ans. (a) x ⇒ |x |> x
We have, and S = {x ∈R : f (x) = f (− x)}; then S i. e., only possible, if x < 0.
1 ∴ x ∈ (− ∞, 0)
fk (x) = (sin k x + cos k x), k = 1, 2, 3, … [JEE Main 2016]
k (a) is an empty set. π π
1
∴ f4 (x) = (sin4 x + cos4 x) (b) contains exactly one element. 61 The largest interval lying in − ,
2 2
4 (c) contains exactly two elements.
1 for which the function
= ((sin2 x + cos2 x) 2 − 2 sin2 x cos2 x) (d) contains more than two elements.
f (x) = 4 − x + cos −1 − 1 + log (cos x)
4 2 x
Ans. (c)
1 1 1 1
= 1 − (sin2x) 2 = − sin2 2x 2
We have,f (x) + 2f = 3x, x ≠ 0
1
4 2 4 8 ...(i)
is defined, is
x [AIEEE 2007]
1
and f6 (x) = (sin6 x + cos6 x) 1 π π
6 On replacing x by in the above (a) [0 , π] (b) − ,
x 2 2
equation, we get π π π
=
1
{(sin2 x + cos2 x) 3 − 3 sin2 x cos2 x (c) − , (d) 0,
4 2 2
f + 2f (x) =
1 3
6
x x
(sin2 x + cos2 x)} = 1 − (2 sin x cos x) 2
1 3 Ans. (d)
6 4 ⇒ 1 3
2f (x) + f =
...(ii) Given that,
x x
1 1 x
f (x) = 4− x + cos−1 − 1 + log (cos x)
2
= − sin 2x 2
6 8 On multiplying Eq. (ii) by 2 and 2
1 1 3−2 1 subtracting π π
−x2
Now, f4 (x) − f6 (x) = − = = Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), we get Here, 4 is defined for − , ,
4 6 12 12 2 2
4f (x) + 2f =
1 6
−1 x x
x x cos − 1 is defined, if −1 ≤ − 1 ≤ 1.
58 Let a, b, c ∈R. If f (x) = ax 2 + bx + c be 2 2
f (x) + 2f = 3x
1
such that a + b + c = 3 and ⇒
x
0 ≤ ≤ 2 ⇒0 ≤ x ≤ 4
− − x −
f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + xy, ∀ x, y ∈R, 2
10 6
3f (x) = − 3x And log (cos x) is defined, if cos x > 0.
then ∑ f (n) is equal to x π π
n=1
[JEE Main 2017]
⇒ − < x<
4 2 2
(a) 330 (b) 165
Hence, f (x) = 4− x + cos−1 − 1
2 x
(c) 190 (d) 255 3
2
2
Ans. (a) + log (cos x)
We have,f (x) = ax + bx + c
2 1 π
is defined, if x ∈ 0, .
2
Now, f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + xy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Put y = 0
12 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
62 The graph of the function y = f (x) is Ans. (d) 69 The period of the function
3
symmetrical about the line x = 2, Given,f (x) = + log 10 (x 3 − x) f (x) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x is [AIEEE 2002]
4 − x2 π
then [AIEEE 2004] (a) π (b)
(a) f (x + 2) = f (x − 2) For domain of f (x), 2
(b) f (2 + x) = f (2 − x) x 3 − x > 0 ⇒ x (x − 1)(x + 1) > 0 (c) 2π (d) None of these
(c) f (x) = f (− x) Ans. (b)
(d) f (x) = − f (− x) – + – +
Given that,f (x) = sin4 x + cos4 x
Ans. (b) –1 0 1
∴
Given, graph is symmetrical about the
f (x) = (sin2 x + cos2 x) 2 − 2 sin2 x cos2 x
line x = 2. ⇒ x ∈ (−1, 0) ∪ (1, ∞) and 4 − x ≠ 0 2
1
∴ f (2 + x) = f (2 − x) ⇒ x≠±2 = 1 − (2 sin x cos x) 2
2
63 The domain of function, ⇒ x ∈ (−∞, − 2) ∪ (−2, 2) ∪ (2, ∞) 1
= 1 − (sin 2 x) 2
sin −1 (x − 3) So, common region is 2
f (x) = is
(−1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞). 1 1 − cos 4x
9 − x2 [AIEEE 2004] = 1−
2 2
(a) [2, 3] (b) [2, 3) 66 The functionf (x) = log (x + x + 1),is 2
3 1
(c) [1, 2] (d) [1, 2) = + cos 4x
(a) an even function. [AIEEE 2003] 4 4
Ans. (b) (b) an odd function.
sin−1 (x − 3) 2π π
Given functionf (x) = will be ∴The period of f (x) = =
(c) a periodic function. 4 2
9− x 2
(d) neither an even nor an odd function.
defined, if [Q cos x is periodic with period2 π]
Ans. (b)
−1 ≤ (x − 3) ≤ 1 70 The domain of definition of the
Given that,f (x) = log (x + x 2 + 1)
⇒ 2≤ x ≤ 4 …(i) 5x − x 2
and 9 − x2 > 0 Now, f (− x) = log (− x + x 2 + 1) function f (x) = log 10 is
⇒ −3 < x < 3 …(ii)
4
∴ f (x) + f (− x) = log (x + x 2 + 1) [AIEEE 2002]
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
+ log (− x + x 2 + 1)
2≤ x < 3 (a) [1, 4] (b) [1, 0]
Hence, domain of the given function is = log (1) = 0 (c) [0, 5] (d) [5, 0]
[2, 3). Hence,f (x) is an odd function. Ans. (a)
64 If f : R → R satisfies 67 The period of sin2 θ is 5x − x 2
[AIEEE 2002] Given that, f (x) = log 10
4
f (x + y) = f (x) + f ( y), for all x, y ∈R and (a) π 2 (b) π
n
π
f (1) = 7, then ∑ f (r) is (c) 2π (d) For domain of f (x),
2 5x − x 2
r =1 [AIEEE 2003]
Ans. (b) log 10 ≥0
7n 7(n + 1) 4
(a) (b) We know that,
2 2 5x − x 2
⇒ ≥1
7n (n + 1) 1 − cos 2 θ 1 1 4
(c) 7n (n + 1) (d) sin2 θ = = − cos 2 θ
2 2 2 2 ⇒ x 2 − 5x + 4 ≤ 0
Ans. (d) 2π ⇒ (x − 1) (x − 4) ≤ 0 ⇒x ∈[1, 4]
∴ Period of sin2 θ = =π
n 2
∑ f (r) = f (1) + f (2) + f (3) + ... + f (n)
r =1
68 The domain of sin −1 log3 x is TOPIC 4
= f (1) + 2f (1) + 3f (1) + ... + nf (1) 3
[Qf (x + y) = f (x) + f ( y)]
Inverse, Composition
(a) [1, 9] (b) [–1, 9]
= (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n)f (1) = f (1) Σn (c) [–9, 1] (d) [–9, –1]
and Different Types
7 n(n + 1) [AIEEE 2002] of Functions
= [Qf(1) = 7, given] Ans. (a)
2
65 Domain of definition of the function
Since, domain of sin−1 x is [–1, 1]. 71 Let g : N → N be defined as
−1 ≤ log 3 ≤ 1
x
3 ∴ [2021, 25 July Shift-I]
f (x) = + log 10 (x 3 − x), is 3
4 − x2 x
g (3n + 1) = 3n + 2,
⇒ 3 −1 ≤ ≤ 3
(a) (1, 2) [AIEEE 2003] 3 g (3n + 2) = 3n + 3,
(b) (−1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ⇒ 1≤ x ≤ 9 g (3n + 3) = 3n + 1, for all n≥ 0.
x
(c) (1, 2) ∪ (2 , ∞) Hence, domain of sin−1 log 3 is [1, 9]. Then which of the following
3
(d) (−1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ∪ (2 , ∞) statements is true ?
Sets, Relations and Functions 13
(a) There exists an onto function 73 Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Then, 75 Let f : R − {3} → R − {1} be defined by
f:N → N such that fog = f x −2
(b) There exists a one-one function
the number of bijective functions f (x) = . Let g : R → R be given as
f:N → N such that fog = f F : A → A such that f (1) + f (2) = 3 − f (3) x −3
(c) gogog = g is equal to ……… . g (x) = 2x − 3. Then, the sum of all
[2021, 22 July Shift-II]
(d) There exists a functionf :N → N such the values of x for which
that gof = f Ans. (720)
13
Ans. (a) f(1) + f (2) = 3 − f (3) f −1 (x) + g −1 (x) = is equal to
2
g (3n + 1) = 3n + 2 A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} [2021, 18 March Shift-II]
g (3n + 2) = 3n + 3 f :A→ A (a) 7 (b) 2
g (3n + 3) = 3n + 1, for all n≥ 0 So, f(1) + f (2) + f (3) = 3 (c) 5 (d) 3
g :N → N 0 + 1 + 2 = 3 is the only possibility. Ans. (c)
g(1) = 2, g(4) = 5, g(7) = 8 So, f(0) can be either 0 or 1 or 2. x −2
Given,f (x) =
g(2) = 3, g(5) = 6, g(8) = 9 Similarly,f(1) and f(2) can be 0, 1 and 2. x−3
g(3) = 1, g(6) = 4, g(9) = 7 and {134
, ,2
4 56
,4 7 } → {34
,3 , ,56
, ,7 } g (x) = 2x − 3
⇒ f [g(1)] = f(1) They have 5! choices. x −2
Let y = f (x) =
⇒ f (2) = f(1) And {102,12
, }
3 x−3
Clearly, it is not a one - one function. They have 3! choices. ⇒ xy − 3y = x − 2
Now, f [g (2)] = f (2) Number of bijective functions
⇒ xy − x = 3y − 2
f (3) = f (2) = 3! × 5! = 720
⇒ x (y − 1) = 3y − 2
α
74 Let f : R − → R be defined
And, f [g (3)] = f (3)
3y − 2
f (1) = f (3) ⇒ x=
6 y−1
Similarly,f [g (4)] = f (4) by −1 3y − 2
f (5) = f (4) 5x + 3 ⇒ f (y) =
f (x) = . y −1
And, so on 6x − α −1 3x − 2
f(1) = f (2) = f (3) ⇒ f (x) =
Then, the value of α for which (fof) x−1
f (4) = f (5) = f (6) α
Now, there can be a possibility such that (x) = x, for all x ∈R − is Similarly,
x+3
g −1 (x) =
6 2
4 [2021, 20 July Shift-II] −1 −1 13
Given,f (x) + g (x) =
3 (a) No such α exists (b) 5 2
(c) 8 (d) 6 3x − 2 x + 3 13
2 ⇒ + =
1
Ans. (b) x− 1 2 2
5x + 3 ⇒ x 2 + 8x − 7 = 13 (x − 1)
f (x) =
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6x − α ⇒ x − 5x + 6 = 0
2
5x + 3 ⇒ (x − 2) (x − 3) = 0
So, f (x) can be onto function. Now, fof (x) = f
When f (1) = f (2) = f (3) = 1 6x − α ⇒ x = 2,3
f (4) = f (5) = f (6) = 2 5x + 3 ∴ Sum = 2 + 3 = 5
5 +3
and so on. 6x − α
= 76 The inverse of y = 5logx is
5x + 3
72 Consider function f : A → B and 6 −α [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
6x − α (a) x = 5log y (b) x = y log 5
g : B → C(A, B, C ⊆ R ) such that 5(5x + 3) + 3(6x − α)
=
1 1
(gof ) −1 exists, then 6(5x + 3) − α(6x − 2) (c) x = y log 5 (d) x = 5 log y
[2021, 25 July Shift-II]
(a) f and g both are one-one Given,fof (x) = x Ans. (c)
5(5x + 3) + 3(6x − α) y = 5log x
(b) f and g both are onto ⇒ =x
6(5x + 3) − α(6x − α) Taking log on both sides,
(c) f is one-one and g is onto
(d) f is onto and g is one-one ⇒ 25x + 15 + 18x − 3α log y = log x ⋅log 5
Ans. (c) = 30 x 2 + 18x − 6αx 2 + α 2 x ⇒
1
=
log x
⇒x (30 − 6α) − x (α 2 − 25) + 3α − 15 = 0
2
log 5 log y
Given functions,f : A → B and
Comparing coefficients, 1
g : B → C (A, B, C ⊆ R) ⇒ = log y x
30 − 6x = 0 log 5
∴(gof) − 1 exists ⇒gof is a bijective
function. ⇒ 6α = 30 1
⇒ α=5 x = y log 5
⇒‘f’ must be ‘one-one’ and ‘g’ must be
‘onto’ function.
14 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
77 Let A = {1, 2, 3,..., 10} and f : A → A be number of one-one functions from 1
∴ f [g (x)] = 1 +
x−1
x + 1, if x is odd the set A to the set A × B. Then,
defined as f (x) = [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
Now, draw the graph of 1 +
1
,
x, if x is even (a) 2 y = 91x (b) 2 y = 273x x −1
Then, the number of possible (c) y = 91x (d) y = 273x
functions g : A → A, such that Ans. (a)
gof = f is [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II] x = {f :A → B, f is one - one} 2
(a) 105 (b) 10 C 5 y = { g : A → A × B, g is one one}
1
(c) 5 5 (d) 5 ! Number of elements in A = 3 i.e. | A | = 3 (1, 1)
Ans. (a) Similarly, | B | = 5
x + 1 , x is odd. Then, | A × B | = | A |× | B | = 3 × 5 = 15 1 2
f (x) =
x , x is even. Now, number of one-one function from A
to B will be
Given, g : A → A such that, 5! 5!
g (f (x)) = f (x)
5
P3 = = = 5 × 4 × 3 = 60
(5 − 3) ! 2!
When x is even, then
g (x) = x …(i) ∴ x = 60
When x is odd, then Now, number of one-one function from A
g (x + 1) = x + 1 …(ii) 15! 15! QAny horizontal line does not cut the
to A × B will be = 15 P3 = =
This implies, (15 − 3) ! 12! graph at more than one points, so it is
g (x) = x, x is even. one-one and here, co-domain and range
= 15 × 14 × 13 = 2730
are not equal, so it is into.
⇒If x is odd, then g (x) can take any value ∴ y = 2730
in set A. Hence, the required function is
Thus, 2 × (2730) = 91 × (60) one-one into.
So, number of g (x) = 10 5 ⇒ 2y = 91x
81 Let A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Then
78 Let f, g : N → N, such that
80 Let f : R → R be defined as the number of elements in the set
f (n + 1) = f (n) + f (1) ∀ n ∈ N and g be
f (x) = 2x − 1 and g : R − {1} → R be C = {f : A → B | 2 ∈f (A) and f is not
any arbitrary function. Which of the
one-one} is
x− 1
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
following statements is not true?
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] defined as g (x) = 2. Ans. (19.00)
(a) if fog is one-one, then g is one-one. x −1 The desired functions will contain either
(b) if f is onto, then f (n) = n, ∀ n ∈N. one element or two elements in its
Then, the composition function co-domain and ‘2’ will be the element of
(c) f is one-one. f (g (x)) is [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] the each co-domain.
(d) if g is onto, then fog is one-one. (a) one-one but not onto So, the possible co-domain are
Ans. (d) (b) onto but not one-one {2}, {1, 2,}, {2, 3} or {2, 4}
Given, f (n + 1) = f (n) + f (1), ∀ n ∈N (c) Neither one-one nor onto ∴Total number of functions
⇒ f (n + 1) − f (n) = f (1) (d) Both one-one and onto = 1 + 3 × (23 − 2)
It is an AP with common difference = f(1) Ans. (a) = 1 + (3 × 6) = 19
Also, general term Given,f (x) = 2x − 1; f : R → R
= Tn = f (1) + (n − )f (1) = nf (1) x − 1 /2 82 If g (x) = x 2 + x − 1 and (gof )
g (x) = ; g : R − { 1} → R
⇒ f (n) = nf (1) x−1 5
(x) = 4x 2 − 10x + 5, then f is
Clearly, f (n) is one-one. 4
For fog to be one-one, g must be f [g (x)] = 2g (x) − 1 equal to [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
one-one. x − 1 1 3 3 1
For f to be onto, f (n) should take all the (a) − (b) (c) − (d)
=2× 2 − 1 2 2 2 2
values of natural numbers. x −1
As, f (x) is increasing,f(1) = 1 Ans. (a)
⇒ f (n) = n Since the g (x) = x 2 + x − 1 and gof (x)
2x − 1
If g is many-one, thenfog is many one. =2× −1 = 4x 2 − 10 x + 5 both are quadratic
2(x − 1) equations, thereforef (x) must be a linear
So, if g is onto, thenfog is one-one. 2x − 1 equation.
= −1
79 Let x denote the total number of x−1 Now, letf (x) = ax + b,
one-one functions from a set A 2x − 1 − x + 1 So, gof (x) = 4x 2 − 10 x + 5
=
with 3 elements to a set B with 5 x−1 ⇒ g (ax + b) = 4x 2 − 10 x + 5
elements and y denote the total x ⇒(ax + b) 2 + (ax + b) − 1 = 4x 2 − 10 x + 5
=
x−1 [Qg (x) = x 2 + x − 1]
Sets, Relations and Functions 15
⇒a 2 x 2 + a (2b + 1) x + (b 2 + b − 1) 84 If the function f : R − {1, − 1} → A π 11π
(a) tan (b) tan
= 4x 2 − 10 x + 5 12 12
x2 7π 5π
On comparing the coefficients of terms, defined by f (x) = , is surjective, (c) tan (d) tan
we get 1 − x2 12 12
a2 = 4 …(i) then A is equal to [2019, 12 April Shift-I]
a (2b + 1) = − 10 …(ii) (a) R − { −1} (b) [0, ∞) Ans. (b)
b2 + b − 1 = 5 …(iii) (c) R − [−1, 0) (d) R − (−1, 0) Given, for x ∈(0, 3 /2), functions
From Eq. (i), we havea = ± 2 f (x) = x … (i)
[2019, 9 April Shift-I]
From Eq. (iii), we haveb = −3, 2 Ans. (c) g (x) = tan x … (ii)
and the equation is getting satisfied by 1 − x2
Given, functionf :R – { 1, − 1} → A defined and h(x) = … (iii)
a = −2 and b = 2, so f (x) = − 2x + 2 1 + x2
as
5 5 x2 Also given, φ(x) = ((hof)og) (x) = (hof) (g (x))
∴ f = − 2 + 2 f (x) = = y (let)
4 4 1− x2 = h(f (g (x))) = h(f (tan x))
5
= − + 2= −
1 ⇒ x 2 = y (1 − x 2 ) [Qx 2 ≠ 1] 1 − ( tan x ) 2
= h( tan x ) =
2 2 ⇒ x (1 + y) = y
2 1 + ( tan x ) 2
1 − tan x π
= tan − x
y
83 The inverse function of ⇒ x2 = [provided y ≠ −1] =
1+ y 1 + tan x 4
82 x − 8 −2 x π π π
Now, φ = tan −
y
f (x) = 2 x , x ∈ (−1, 1) is Q x2 ≥ 0 ⇒ ≥0
8 + 8 −2 x 1+ y 3 4 3
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] ⇒ y ∈ (−∞, − 1) ∪ [0, ∞ ) 3 π − 4π
= tan
1 1 − x Since, for surjective function, range of 12
(a) (log 8 e)log e
4 1 + x f = codomain π π
= tan − = − tan
1 1 − x ∴ Set A should beR − [−1, 0). 12 12
(b) log e
4 1 + x π 11 π
85 Let f (x) = x 2 , x ∈R. For any A ⊆ R, = tan π − = tan
12 12
1 1 + x
(c) (log 8 e)log e define g (A) = {x ∈R : f (x) ∈ A}. If
4 1 − x S = [0, 4], then which one of the 87 For x ∈R − {0, 1}, let
1 1 + x following statements is not true? 1 1
(d) log e f1 (x) = ,f2 (x) = 1 − x and f3 (x) =
4 1 − x (a) f (g (S)) = S (b) g (f (S)) ≠ S x 1−x
Ans. (c) (c) g (f (S)) = g (S) (d) f(g(S)) ≠ f (S) be three given functions. If a
8 2 x − 8 −2 x [2019, 10 April Shift-I] function, J (x) satisfies
Given function,f (x) = , x ∈ (−1, 1)
8 2 x + 8 −2 x Ans. (c) (f2 ° J ° f1 )(x) = f3 (x), then J (x) is equal
84 x − 1 Given, functionsf (x) = x 2 , x ∈ R to [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
= 4x = y (let) and g (A) = { x ∈ R :f (x) ∈ A }; A ⊆ R
8 +1 (a) f2 (x) (b) f3 (x)
On applying componendo and dividendo Now, for S = [0, 4] 1
(c) f1 (x) (d) f3 (x)
law, we get g (S ) = { x ∈ R :f (x) ∈ S = [0, 4]} x
1+ y = { x ∈ R : x 2 ∈ [0, 4]} Ans. (b)
84x =
1− y = { x ∈ R: x ∈ [−2, 2]} ⇒ g (S ) = [−2, 2]
1
We have,f1 (x) = , f2 (x) = 1 − x
On applying logarithm having base ‘8’ x
So, f (g (S )) = [0, 4] = S 1
1+ y and f3 (x) =
both sides, we get 4x = log 8 Now, f (S ) = { x 2 :x ∈ S = [0, 4]} = [0, 16] 1− x
1− y and g (f (S )) = { x ∈ R :f (x) ∈f (S ) = [0, 16]}
1+ y Also, we have (f2 o J of1 ) (x) = f3 (x)
⇒
1
x = log 8 = { x ∈ R :f (x) ∈ [0, 16]}
⇒ f2 ((Jof1 ) (x)) = f3 (x)
4 1− y = { x ∈ R: x 2 ∈ [0, 16]}
⇒ f2 (J (f1 (x)) = f3 (x)
1 1+ y = { x ∈ R : x ∈ [−4, 4]} = [−4 ,4]
= (log 8 e) log e ⇒ 1 − J (f1 (x)) =
1
4 1− y From above, it is clear that g (f (S )) = g (S ). 1− x
{by base change property of logarithm 3 [Q f2 (x) = 1 − x and f3 (x) =
1
]
log a b = log a e ⋅log e b} 86 For x ∈ 0, , let 1− x
2
By interchanging the variables x and y,
1 − J =
1 1 1
we get the inverse function off (x) and it f (x) = x , g (x) = tan x and ⇒ [Qf1 (x) = ]
x 1− x x
is 1 − x2
h(x) = . If φ(x) = ((hof ) og) (x),
1+ x J = 1 −
1 1
1
f −1 (x) = (log 8 e) log e . 1 + x2 ⇒
x 1− x
4 1− x
π
Hence, option (c) is correct. then φ is equal to =
1 − x − 1 −x
=
3
1− x 1− x
16 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
1 Ans. (b) Also, f (x) is not surjective because range
Now, put = X, then n + 1 , if n is odd
x 2 of f (x) is [0, ∞ [ and but in problem
−1
Given, f (n) = co-domain is (0, ∞), which is wrong.
J (X) = X n , if n is even, ∴f (x) is neither injective nor surjective.
1 2
1−
X n + 1 , if n is odd 91 The number of functions f from
−1 1 Qx = 1 and g (n) = n − (−1) n =
= = n − 1, if n is even {1, 2, 3, … , 20} onto {1, 2, 3, … , 20}
X− 1 1− X X
f (n + 1), if n is odd such that f (k ) is a multiple of 3,
⇒ J (X) = f3 (X) or J (x) = f3 (x) Now, f (g (n)) =
whenever k is a multiple of 4, is
f (n − 1), if n is even
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
88 Let A = { x ∈R : x is not a positive n + 1 , if n is odd
2 (a) (15)! × 6 !
integer}. Define a function f : A → R = = f (x) (b) 5 6 × 15
as f (x) =
2x
, then f is n − 1 + 1 = n , if n is even (c) 5 ! × 6 !
2
x −1 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
2
(d) 6 5 × (15)!
[Q if n is odd, then (n+ 1) is even and
(a) injective but not surjective. Ans. (a)
if n is even, then (n− 1) is odd]
(b) not injective. Clearly, function is not one-one as According to given information,
(c) surjective but not injective. f (2) = f (1) = 1 we have if k ∈{4, 8, 12, 16, 20}
(d) neither injective nor surjective. But it is onto function. Then,f (k) ∈{3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}
Ans. (a) [Qif m ∈N (codomain) is odd, then2m ∈N [Qcodomain (f) = {1, 2, 3, …, 20}]
We have a functionf :A → R defined as (domain) such thatf (2m) = m and Now, we need to assign the value off (k)
f (x) =
2x if m ∈N codomain is even, then for
x−1 2m − 1 ∈N (domain) such thatf (2m − 1) = m] k ∈{4, 8, 12, 16, 20} this can be done in
One-one Let x 1 , x 2 ∈A such that ∴Function is onto but not one-one. 6
C 5 ⋅ 5!ways = 6⋅ 5! = 6!and remaining 15
f (x 1 ) = f (x 2 ) element can be associated by 15!ways.
2x 1 2x 2 90 Let a function f : (0, ∞) → (0, ∞) be ∴Total number of onto functions = 15! 6!
⇒ =
x1 − 1 x2 − 1 1
defined by f (x) = 1 − . Then, f is
92 The function f : R → − , defined
1 1
⇒ 2x 1 x 2 − 2x 1 = 2x 1 x 2 − 2x 2 x
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
2 2
⇒ x1 = x2 x
(a) injective only. as f (x) = is
Thus, f (x 1 ) = f (x 2 ) has only one solution, 1 + x2
x1 = x2 (b) both injective as well as surjective. [JEE Main 2017]
(c) not injective but it is surjective. (a) invertible.
∴ f (x) is one-one (injective)
(d) neither injective nor surjective. (b) injective but not surjective.
2×2
Onto Let x = 2, thenf(2) = =4 Ans. (d) (c) surjective but not injective.
2− 1 (d) neither injective nor surjective.
Wehave,
But x = 2 is not in the domain, andf (x) is − (x − 1) , if 0 < x ≤ 1 Ans. (c)
one-one function |x − 1| x
f (x) = = x We have, f (x) =
∴f (x) can never be 4. x x−1 1 + x2
, if x > 1
Similarly,f (x) can not take many values. x 1
f
1 − 1, if 0 < x ≤ 1 1 x x
Hence,f (x) is into (not surjective). ∴ = = = f (x)
x 1 1 + x2
∴f (x) is injective but not surjective. = x 1+ 2
1 x
1 − , if x > 1
x 1
= f (2) or f = f (3) and so on.
89 Let N be the set of natural 1
∴ f
numbers and two functions f and g Now, let us draw the graph of y = f (x) 2 3
be defined as f , g : N → N such Note that when x → 0, thenf (x) → ∞, So, f (x) is many-one function.
that when x = 1, thenf (x) = 0, and when x → ∞, x
then f (x) → 1 Again, let y = f (x) ⇒y =
n +1 1 + x2
, if n isodd Y
f (n) = 2 ⇒ y + x 2 y = x ⇒yx 2 − x + y = 0
n x ∈R
, if n iseven x=0
As,
2 ∴ (− 1) 2 − 4 (y)(y) ≥ 0 ⇒ 1 − 4y 2 ≥ 0
y=1
and g (n) = n − (−1) n . Then, fog is ⇒ y∈
− 1 1
,
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] 2 2
X
(a) one-one but not onto O 1 y=0 − 1 1
∴ Range = Codomain = ,
(b) onto but not one-one 2 2
Clearly, f (x) is not injective because if
(c) both one-one and onto So, f (x) is surjective.
f (x) < 1, then f is many one, as shown in
(d) neither one-one nor onto figure. Hence,f (x) is surjective but not injective.
Sets, Relations and Functions 17
93 If g is the inverse of a function f and ∴ y = (x − 1) 2 + 1 ⇒ f (x) is one-one.
1 ⇒ (x − 1) = ± y−1 Since, codomain of the given function is
f ′ (x) = , then g ′ (x) is equal to not given, hence it can be considered as
1+ x5 ∴ x = 1± y−1 R, the set of real and consequentlyf is
[JEE Main 2014] Q x≥ 1 not onto.
(a) 1 + x 5 Neglecting 1 − y − 1 Hence, f is not bijective. Statement II is
(b) 5 x 4 false.
1 ⇒ x = 1+ y−1
(c) −1
Also, f (x) = (x + 1) 2 − 1 ≥ − 1 for x ≥ − 1
1 + { g (x)} 5 or f ( y) = 1 + y−1
⇒ R f = [− 1, ∞)
(d) 1 + { g (x)} 5 ∴ f −1 (x) = 1 + x − 1 Clearly, f (x) = f −1 (x) at x = 0 and x = − 1
Ans. (d) So, both statements are correct and ∴Statement I is true.
Here, g is the inverse off (x). Statement II is correct explanation of
⇒ fog (x) = x Statement I. 97 Let f : N → Y be a function defined
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get 95 For real x, let f (x) = x 3 + 5x + 1, then as f (x) = 4x + 3, where
f ′ { g (x)} × g ′ (x) = 1 [AIEEE 2009]
Y = { y ∈ N : y = 4x + 3 for some
g ′ (x) =
1
= 1 + { g (x)} 5 x ∈ N }. [AIEEE 2008]
(a) f is one-one but not onto R
f ′ { g (x)} Show that f is invertible and its
(b) f is onto R but not one-one
1 (c) f is one-one and onto R inverse is
Qf ′ (x) =
1 + x5 (d) f is neither one-one nor onto R y−3
(a) f −1 ( y) =
⇒ g ′ (x) = 1 + { g (x)} 5
Ans. (c) 4
f (x) = x 3 + 5x + 1 −1 3y + 4
94 Let f be a function defined by Given (b) f ( y) =
Now, f ′ (x) = 3x 2 + 5 > 0, ∀ x ∈ R
3
f (x) = (x − 1) 2 + 1, (x ≥ 1). y+3
−1
Thus, f (x) is strictly increasing function. (c) f ( y) = 4 +
Statement I The set 4
So, f (x) is one-one function.
{ x : f (x) = f −1 (x)} = {1, 2} −1 y+3
Clearly, f (x) is a continuous function and (d) f ( y) =
Statement II f is bijection and 4
also increasing on R.
f −1 (x) = 1 + x − 1, x ≥ 1 ∴ lim f (x) = − ∞ and lim = ∞
Ans. (a)
[AIEEE 2011] x→ − ∞ x→ ∞
The given function isf :N → y defined as
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is Hence, f (x) takes every value between f (x) = 4x + 3
true. − ∞ and ∞.
where y = { y ∈N :y = 4x + 3 for some
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is Thus, f (x) is onto function. x ∈N }
true; Statement II is a correct Now, f (x) = 4x + 3
explanation of Statement I. 96 Let f (x) = (x + 1) 2 − 1, x ≥ − 1
⇒ f ′ (x) = 4 > 0
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is Statement I The set {x :f (x) =f −1 (x)} ⇒f is a strictly increasing function.
true; Statement II is not a correct = {0,−1}
explanation of Statement I. ⇒f is one-one.
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is Statement II f is a bijection. Also, here y = { 7, 8, 9,..., ∞ }
[AIEEE 2009]
false. and range of f = { 7, 8, 9,..., ∞ }
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
Ans. (b) QRange of f = y = Codomain of f
true.
f (x) = (x − 1) 2 + 1, as x ≥ 1 (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is ⇒f is onto.
⇒f is invertible.
When f (x) = f −1 (x) true; Statement II is a correct
⇒ f (x) = x explanation of Statement I. Now, let y ∈Y such that f (x) = y
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is ⇒ x = f −1 (y)
⇒ (x − 1) 2 + 1 = x
true; Statement II is not a correct x ∈N
⇒ (x − 1) 2 = x − 1 explanation of Statement I. ⇒ y = 4x + 3
⇒ (x − 1) − (x − 1) = 0
2
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is y −3
⇒ (x − 1) { x − 1 − 1} = 0 false. ⇒ x=
4
⇒ x = 1, 2 Ans. (d) y −3
∴ Inverse of f is f −1 (y) = .
∴ { x :f (x) = f −1 (x)} = { 1, 2} Given, f (x) = (x + 1) 2 − 1, x ≥ − 1 4
Also, let f (x) = y ⇒ f ′ (x) = 2 (x + 1) ≥ 0, for x ≥ − 1
18 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
98 Let f : (−1, 1) → B be a function π π Ans. (c)
⇒ 2 tan−1 x ∈ − ,
2 2 n − 1 , when n is odd
2x
defined by f (x) = tan −1 , then −1 2x Given that,f (n) = 2
1 − x
2 Given that, f (x) = tan n
1− x
2 − , when n is even
2
f is both one-one and onto when B = 2 tan−1 x [Qx 2 < 1] and f :N → I, where N is the set of natural
is in the interval [AIEEE 2005]
π π
So, f (x) ∈ − , numbers andI is the set of integers.
π π 2 2 Let x, y ∈N and both are even.
(a) − ,
2 2 Hence, function is one-one onto. Then, f (x) = f ( y)
π π ⇒
x
− =− ⇒x=y
y
(b) − , 99 A function f from the set of natural
2 2 2 2
numbers to integers defined by Again, x, y ∈N and both are od(d)
π
(c) 0, n − 1 , when n is odd Then, f (x) = f ( y)
2
f (n) = 2 is ⇒
x−1 y−1
= ⇒x = y
π n
(d) 0, − , when n is even 2 2
2 2 So, mapping is one-one.
Ans. (a) (a) one-one but not onto. Since, each negative integer is an image
(b) onto but not one-one. of even natural number and positive
Given, x ∈ (−1, 1)
(c) one-one and onto both. integer is an image of odd natural
π π
⇒ tan−1 x ∈ − , number. So, mapping is onto. Hence,
4 4 (d) neither one-one nor onto. mapping is one-one onto.
[AIEEE 2003]
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 19
02
Complex Numbers and
Quadratic Equations
TOPIC 1 Ans. (6) If n = 1, (i − 1) (−2i) = − 2i 2 + 2i = 2 + 2i
Algebraic Operations, Let Z 1 = a 1 + ib 1 , Z 2 = a 2 + ib 2 If n = 2, −2i (i − 1) 2 = − 2i (−2i) = − 4
Conjugate, Modules and Z 1 − Z 2 = (a 1 − a 2 ) + i (b 1 − b 2 ) If n = 4, −2i (i − 1) 4 = − 2i (−2i) (−2i) = 8i
Argument of Complex Numbers π b − b2 π If n = 6, −2i (i − 1) 6 = −2i (−2i) (−2i) (−2i) = 16
arg(Z 1 − Z 2 ) = ⇒tan−1 1 =
4 a1 − a2 4 So, least value of n for which given
z−i complex is positive is 6.
01 If S = z ∈C : ∈R , then ⇒ b1 − b2 = a1 − a2 … (i)
z + 2i Also, | Z 1 − 3| = Re(Z 1 ) 04 If the real part of the complex
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] ⇒ (a 1 − 3) 2 + b 12 = a 12 3 + 2i cosθ π
(a) S contains exactly two elements. | Z 2 − 3| = Re(Z 2 ) number z = , θ ∈ 0, is
and
1 − 3i cosθ 2
(b) S contains only one element. ⇒ (a 2 − 3) 2 + b 22 = a 22
(c) S is a circle in the complex plane. ⇒ (a 1 − 3) 2 − (a 2 − 3) 2 + b 12 − b 22 zero, then the value of
(d) S is a straight line in the complex
= a 12 − a 22 sin2 3θ + cos2 θ is equal to ………… .
plane. [2021, 27 July Shift-II]
⇒ (a 1 − a 2 )(a 1 + a 2 − 6) + (b 1 − b 2 )(b 1 + b 2 )
Ans. (d) Ans. (1)
= (a 1 − a 2 )(a 1 + a 2 )
z −i
Given, ∈R ⇒ a1 + a2 − 6 + b1 + b2 = a1 + a2 We have,
z + 2i 3 + 2i cosθ 3 + 2i cosθ 1 + 3i cosθ
[using Eq. (i),] z= = ×
⇒ b1 + b2 = 6 1 − 3i cosθ 1 − 3i cosθ 1 + 3i cosθ
(0, 1) ⇒ Im(Z 1 + Z 2 ) = 6 (3 − 6 cos2 θ) + i (9 cosθ + 2 cosθ)
=
1 + 9 cos2 θ
03 The least positive integer n such
(2i) n (3 − 6 cos2 θ) + (11 cosθ)i
(0, –2) that , i = − 1, is a positive z=
1 + 9 cos2 θ
(1 − i) n − 2
integer, is [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
Given, Re (z) = 0
z −i 3 − 6 cos2 θ
⇒ arg = 0 or π Ans. (6) ⇒ =0
z + 2i 1 + 9 cos2 θ
We have,
⇒ i, − 2i, z are collinear. (2i) n (2i) n ⇒ 3 − 6 cos2 θ = 0
= 1
⇒ S is a straight line in the complex (1 − i) n− 2
( 1 − i ) n ( 1 − i ) −2 ⇒ cosθ =
plane. n 2
=
2i
(1 − i)
2
1 −i π π
02 Let Z 1 and Z2 be two complex ⇒ θ= , θ ∈ 0,
4 2
π 2i (1 + i)
n
numbers such that arg (Z 1 − Z2 ) = = (1 + i − 2i)
2
Hence, sin2 3θ + cos2 θ
4 (1 − i) (1 + i) 3π π
and Z 1 , Z2 satisfy the equation n = sin2 + cos2
2i − 2 4 4
Z − 3 = Re(Z). Then, the imaginary = (1 − 1 − 2i)
2 1 1
part of Z 1 + Z2 is equal to = + =1
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II] = (i − 1) n (−2i) 2 2
20 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Let z = re iθ 1
05 Let n denote the number of Given, Re(z) =
3π 5
solutions of the equation 1 iθ −
2 1 1
w= e ⇒ z = re − iθ ⇒ =
z 2 + 3z = 0, where z is a complex r θ 5
∞
1 2 1 + 3 cos2
number. Then, the value of ∑ k 1 iθ −
3π
2
n wz = e 2
⋅ re − iθ
k =0 θ 5 θ 1
r ⇒ 1 + 3 cos2 = ⇒ cos2 =
is equal to [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
iθ−
3π
− θ −i
3π 2 2 2 2
4 ⇒ wz = e 2
=e 2 θ 1
(a) 1 (b) ⇒ cos = ±
3 − 3π − 3π 2 2
3 ⇒ wz = cos + i sin θ π
(c) (d) 2 2 2 ∴ = nπ ±
2 2 4
⇒ wz = 0 + i π
Ans. (b) ⇒ wz = i ∴ θ = 2nπ ±
2
z 2 + 3z = 0 1 − 2wz 1 − 2i 1 − 3i
= × Given, range isθ ∈(0, π).
z = x + iy 1 + 3wz 1 + 3i 1 − 3i π
∴ θ=
⇒ (x 2 − y 2 ) + i(2xy) + 3(x − iy) = 0 2
1 − 2i − 3i + 6i 2 − 5 − 5i
⇒ (x 2 − y 2 + 3x) + i(2xy − 3y) = 0 = = θ
π
x 2 − y 2 + 3x = 0
10
π 3π
10 Now, ∫ 0
sin x dx = ∫ 2 sin x dx
0
∴ arg = − π − = − π
y (2x − 3) = 0 4
3
4
∫
0
2 sin x dx = − cos x] π0 / 2
y = 0 or x = π
2 07 If the real part of the complex = − cos − cos 0
number 2
If y = 0,
1 = − (0 − 1) = 1
x 2 + 3x = 0 (1 − cosθ + 2i sinθ) −1 is for θ∈ (0, π),
⇒ x (x + 3) = 0 5 08 Let z and w be two complex
⇒ x = 0, − 3 then the value of the integral numbers, such that w = zz − 2z + 2,
θ
So, (0, 0) and (−3, 0) are solutions, when z + i
y = 0. ∫ sinxdx is equal to = 1 and Re(w) has minimum
3 0
[2021, 20 July Shift-II] z − 3i
When x = ,
2 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) −1 (d) 0 value. Then, the minimum value of
9 9
− y2 + = 0 ⇒ y2 =
27 Ans. (a) n ∈ N for which w n is real, is equal
4 2 4 to [2021, 16 March Shift-I]
Let z = (1 − cos θ + 2i sin θ)− 1
3 3 1 Ans. (4)
⇒ y=± ⇒ z=
2 1 − cos θ + 2i sin θ Given,w = zz − 2z + z
3 3 3 3 3 3 1 − cos θ − 2i sin θ
∴ , and , − =
1
× z+i
2 =1
2 2 2 1 − cosθ + 2i sin θ 1 − cos θ − 2i sin θ z − 3i
There are 4 solutions. (1 − cos θ) − 2i sin θ
= ⇒ | z + i | = | z − 3i |
∞
(1 − cosθ)2 − (2i sin θ)2
Σ 1 = 1 + 1 + 12 + .... ∞
k =0 k θ θ θ
Let z = x + iy
n 4 4 2 sin2 − 4i sin cos ⇒ | x + i (y + 1) | = | x + i (y − 3) |
1 4 2 2 2
= = = ⇒ x 2 + (y + 1) 2 = x 2 + (y − 3) 2
1 3 θ θ θ
1− 4 sin4 + 16 sin2 cos2 ⇒ 2y + 1 = − 6y + 9
4 2 2 2
θ θ θ ∴ y=1
06 If z and ω are two complex 2 sin sin − 2i cos Now, w = zz − 2z + 2
numbers such that | zω | = 1 and arg 2 2 2
= w = | z |2 − 2z + 2
3π 2 θ 2 θ
4 sin sin + 4 cos2
θ
(z) − arg (ω) = , then ⇒ w = x 2 + y 2 − 2(x + iy) + 2
2 2 2 2
θ θ ⇒ w = (x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 2) + i (− 2y)
1 − 2z ω sin − 2i cos
arg is 2 2 ⇒ w = (x 2 + 1 − 2x + 2) + i (− 2)
=
1 + 3z ω θ 2 θ θ w = (x − 1) 2 + 2 − 2i
2 sin sin + 4 cos2
(Here, arg (z) denotes the principal 2 2 2 Re(w) has minimum value.
θ So, (x − 1) 2 + 2 is minimum when x = 1
argument of complex number z) sin
[2021, 20 July Shift-I] Now, Re(z) = 2 ∴ w = 2 − 2i
π 3π π 3π θ 2 θ θ
(b) − (c) − 2 sin sin + 4 cos2
(a) (d) 2 2 2 = 2(1 − i)
4 4 4 4
=
1 1 i
Ans. (b) = 2 2 −
θ 2 2
3π 2 1 + 3 cos2
| zw | = 1, arg(z) − arg(w) = 2
2 w = 2 2 e− i π /4
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 21
− inπ
1 + i = 2e iπ / 4 ⇒ i m / 2 = 1 = (− i) n / 3
Now, w n = (2 2) n e 4
21
i 2π So, the least values of ‘m’ and ‘n’ are 8 and
2e 3 12 respectively.
nπ nπ
= (2 2) n cos − i sin Now,
+
(2e iπ / 3 ) 21
∴ GCD { 8, 12} = 4
4 4 ( 2e − iπ / 4 24
) ( 2e iπ / 4 ) 24
1424 3 Hence, answer is 4.00.
2 ⋅e
21 i 14 π
221 ⋅ e i 7 π
= 12 − i 6 π + 12 i 6 π
This has to be zero forw n to be real. 2 ⋅e 2 ⋅e 13 If z 1 , z 2 are complex numbers such
So, sin = 0
nπ
= 2 ⋅e + 2 ⋅e
9 i 20 π 9 iπ
that Re(z 1 ) = | z 1 − 1| , Re(z 2 ) = | z 2 − 1 |
4 π
= 29 (1) + 29 (− 1) and arg (z 1 − z 2 ) = , then
nπ
⇒ = 0 , π, 2 π, 3 π … ⇒ 29 − 29 = 0 = k (given) 6
4 Im(z 1 + z 2) is equal to [2020, 3 Sep.
∴ n = [| k |] = [101] = 0
⇒ n = 0, 4, 8, 12 … 5 5 Shift-II]
∑ ( j + 5) − ∑ ( j + 5) [Qn = 0]
2
The minimum value of n is 4 (n ∈N ). Now, 3 1 2
j=0 j=0 (a) (b) (c) (d) 2 3
2 3 3
09 The least value of | z|, where z is a = [5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 ]
2 2 2 2 2 2
Ans. (d)
complex number which satisfies − [5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10]
Let the complex numbers
the inequality = [(12 + 22 + 32 + … + 10 2 ) −
z 1 = x 1 + iy 1
(| z| + 3) (| z| − 1) (12 + 22 + … + 42 )] − [(1 + 2 + 3 +… + 10)
exp log e 2 and z 2 = x 2 + iy 2
− (1 + 2 + 3 + 4)]
|| z | + 1| Now, it is given that
10 × 11 × 21 4 × 5 × 9
= − Re(z 1 ) = | z 1 − 1 |
≥ log 2 | 5 7 + 9i|. i = −1, is equal to 6 6
[2021, 16 March Shift-II] ⇒ x 12 = (x 1 − 1) 2 + y 12
10 × 11 4 × 5
− − ⇒ y 1 + 1 = 2x 1
2
…(i)
2
(a) 3 (b) 5
2
(c) 2 (d) 8 and Re(z 2 ) = | z 2 − 1 |
= (385 − 30) − (55 − 10)
Ans. (a) ⇒ x 22 = (x 2 − 1) 2 + y 22
= 385 − 45 = 310
(| z | + 3)( | z | − 1) ⇒ y 2 + 1 = 2x 2
2
…(ii)
exp × log e 2 π
(| z | + 1) 11 The imaginary part of and arg (z 1 − z 2 ) =
6
≥ log 2 | 5 7 + 9i | (3 + 2 −54) 1/2 − (3 − 2 − 54) 1/2 can y1 − y2 1
⇒ = …(iii)
(| z | + 3) (| z | − 1) be x1 − x2 3
exp × log e 2 ≥ log 2 16 [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
(| z | + 1) (a) − 6 (b) −2 6 (c) 6 (d) 6 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
(| z | + 3 ) (| z | − 1 ) Ans. (b)
(| z | + 1 ) y 12 − y 22 = 2(x 1 − x 2 )
⇒ 2
≥ 23
y1 − y2
Given, (3 + 2 −54) 1 / 2 − (3 − 2 −54) 1 / 2 ⇒ (y 1 + y 2 ) = 2
(| z | + 3) (| z | − 1) x1 − x2
⇒ ≥3 = (3 + 2 × 3 6 i) 1 / 2 − (3 − 2 × 3 6 i) 1 / 2
(| z | + 1) 1
= (9 − 6 + 2 × 3 6 i) 1 / 2 − (9 − 6 − 2 × 3 6 i) 1 / 2 ⇒ (y 1 + y 2 ) = 2
⇒ | z |2 + 2| z | − 3 ≥ 3 | z | + 3 = (32 + ( 6 i) 2 + 2 × 3 × 6 i) 1 / 2 − 3
⇒ | z |2 − | z | − 6 ≥ 0 (32 + ( 6 i) 2 − 2 × 3 × 6 i) 1 / 2 ⇒ y1 + y2 = 2 3
⇒ (| z | − 3) ( | z | + 2) ≥ 0 = [(3 + 6 i) ] − [(3 − 6 i) 2 ] 1 / 2
2 1/2
⇒ lm (z 1 + z 2 ) = 2 3
⇒ |z |=3 = ± (3 + 6 i) m (3 − 6 i) = ± 2 6 i
Hence, option (d) is correct.
(− 1 + i 3) 21 ∴ Imaginary part of
10 Let i = − 1. If 2z + i
(1 − i) 24 (3 + 2 −54) 1 / 2 − (3 − 2 −54) 1 / 2 14 Let u = , z = x + iy and k > 0. If
z − ki
(1 + i 3) 21 = I m (±2 6i) = ± 2 6 the curve represented by Re(u ) +
+ = k and n = [| k |] be the So, from the option −2 6 is correct.
(1 + i) 24
Im(u ) = 1 intersects the Y-axis at the
greatest integral part of | k |.
Hence, option (b) is correct. points P and Q where PQ = 5, then
n+ 5 n+ 5 m /2 n /3 value of k is [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
1 + i 1+ i
Then, ∑ (j + 5) 2
− ∑ (j + 5) is equal 12 If = = 1, (m, n∈N) (a) 1/2 (b) 4
j=0 j=0 1 − i i − 1 (c) 2 (d) 3/2
to ……… . [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
then the greatest common divisor Ans. (c)
Ans. (310) of the least values of m and n is 2z + i
It is given u = , z = x + iy, k > 0
(− 1 + i 3) 21 (1 + i 3) 21 ......... . [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I] z − ki
Given, + =k
(1 − i) 24 (1 + i) 24 Ans. (4.00) 2x + i (2y + 1) x − i (y − k)
⇒ u= ×
Q − 1 + i 3 = 2e i 2 π / 3 It is given that, x + i (y − k) x − i (y − k)
m /2 n/ 3
1 + i 3 = 2e iπ / 3 1+ i 1+i
= = 1, (m, n ∈N )
1 − i = 2e − iπ / 4 1−i i − 1
22 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
[2x 2 + (2y + 1)(y − k)] 3 + i sinθ 18 If z and w are two complex
, θ ∈[0, 2 π]
+ i [x (2y + 1) − 2x (y − k)] 4 − i cosθ numbers such that | zw | = 1 and
=
x 2 + (y − k) 2 =
3 + i sinθ 4 + i cosθ
×
π
arg(z) − arg(w) = , then
∴ Re(u) + Im (u) 4 − i cosθ 4 + i cosθ 2
2x 2 + (2y + 1)(y − k) + x (2y + 1) [on rationalization] [2019, 10 April Shift-II
(12 − sinθ cosθ) + i (4 sinθ + 3 cosθ)
]
− 2x (y − k) = 1 −i
=
x 2 + (y − k) 2 16 + cos2 θ (a) zw = − i (b) zw =
3 + i sinθ 2
=1 [given] Q is a real number, so −1 + i
⇒ 2x 2 + 2y 2 + (1 − 2k) y − k + 2xy + x 4 − i cosθ (c) zw = i (d) zw =
4 sin θ + 3 cos θ = 0 …(i) 2
− 2xy + 2xk = x 2 + y 2 − 2ky + k 2 Ans. (a)
Now, argument of sinθ + i cosθ lies in
Q The above curve intersect theY-axis. either quadrant second or fourth It is given that, there are two complex
So put x = 0 ; then we get because according to Eq. (i) sinθ and numbers z and w, such that | z w | = 1
2y 2 + (1 − 2k) y − k = y 2 − 2ky + k 2 cosθ are opposite in sign, so either, and arg (z) − arg (w) = π /2
⇒ y 2 + y − (k 2 + k) = 0 …(i) arg(sinθ + i cosθ) = π − tan−1 cosθ
∴ |z | |w | = 1 [Q| z 1 z 2 | = | z 1 | | z 2 |]
sinθ π
Now, the y-coordinates of points P and Q and arg (z) = + arg (w )
are roots of the Eq. (i). (for second quadrant) 2
1
Let | z | = r, then | w | =
= π − tan−1
So, PQ = Difference of roots 4 …(i)
3 r
D and let arg (w) = θ,
= = 1 + 4(k 2 + k) = 5 [given] π
|a | cosθ 4 then arg (z) = + θ … (ii)
from Eq. (i) =−
⇒ 4k + 4k + 1 = 25
2 sinθ 3 2
−1 cosθ So, we can assume z = re i (π / 2 + θ ) …(iii)
⇒ k2 + k − 6 = 0 or, arg(sinθ + i cosθ) = − tan
⇒ (k + 3)(k − 2) = 0 sinθ [Qif z = x + iy is a complex number, then
−1 4 it can be written as z = re iθ where, r = | z |
⇒ k = −3, 2 = − tan
3 andθ = arg (z)]
⇒ k =2 [Q k > 0] 1
(1 + i) 2 and w = e iθ …(iv)
Hence, option (c) is correct. 17 If a > 0 and z = , has r
a−i 1
15 The region represented by Now, z ⋅w = re − i (π / 2 + θ ) ⋅ e iθ
2 r
{z = x + iy ∈C :| z| −Re(z) ≤ 1} is also magnitude , then z is equal to
5 = e i (− π / 2 − θ + θ )
given by the inequality
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I] [2019, 10 April Shift-I] = e − i (π / 2 ) = − i
1 1 3 1 3 [Qe − i θ = cosθ − i sinθ]
(a) y 2 ≥ 2 (x + 1) (b) y 2 ≤ 2 x + (a) − i (b) − − i
5 5 5 5 i ( π / 2 + θ ) 1 − iθ
2 and z w = re ⋅ e
1 1 3 3 1 r
(c) y 2 ≤ x + (d) y 2 ≥ x + 1 (c) − + i (d) − − i
2 5 5 5 5 = e i (π / 2 + θ − θ ) = e i (π / 2 ) = i
Ans. (b) Ans. (b) 19 Let z ∈C with Im (z) = 10 and it
It is given for a complex number (1 + i) 2 2z − n
z = x + iy ∈C, such that | z | − Re(z) ≤ 1 The given complex number z =
a −i satisfies = 2i − 1 for some
⇒ x2 + y2 ≤ 1 + x (1 − 1 + 2i) (a + i)
2z + n
= [Qi 2 = − 1]
On squaring both sides, we get a2 + 1 natural number n, then
[2019, 12 April Shift-II]
1 2i (a + i) −2 + 2ai
x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1 + x 2 + 2x ⇒ y 2 ≤ 2 x + = 2 = 2 (a) n = 20 and Re(z) = − 10
2 a +1 a +1
(b) n = 40 and Re(z) = 10
3 + i sin θ Q z = 2/5 [given]
(c) n = 40 and Re(z) = − 10
16 If , θ ∈ [0, 2π], is a real
4 − i cos θ 4 + 4a 2 2 2 2 (d) n = 20 and Re(z) = 10
⇒ = ⇒ =
number, then an argument of (a 2 + 1) 2 5 1+ a 2 5 Ans. (c)
sin θ + i cos θ is 4 2 Let z = x + 10i , as Im (z) = 10 given.
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II] ⇒ = ⇒ a 2 + 1 = 10
1 + a2 5 Since, z satisfies,
4 3 2z − n
(a) π − tan−1 (b) − tan−1 = 2i − 1, n ∈N ,
3 4 ⇒ a2 = 9 ⇒ a = 3 [Qa > 0]
2z + n
4 3 −2 + 6i 1 3
(c) tan−1 (d) π − tan−1 So, z = =− + i ∴ (2x − 20i − n) = (2i − 1) (2x + 20i + n)
3 4 10 5 5
⇒ (2x − n) + 20i = (−2x − n − 40)
1 3
Ans. (a) ⇒ z=− − i + (4x + 2n − 20)i
5 5
Given complex expression On comparing real and imaginary parts,
[Qif z = x + iy, then z = x − iy]
we get
2x − n = − 2x − n − 40
and 20 = 4x + 2n − 20
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 23
π
⇒ 4x = − 40 and 4x + 2n = 40 Ans. (*) ∴ I (z) = 0 and R (z) = −2 cos = − 3<0
6
⇒ x = − 10 and − 40 + 2n = 40 Given,3 | z 1 | = 4 | z 2 |
5π π π
⇒ n = 40 ⇒
| z1 | 4
= [Qz 2 ≠ 0 ⇒| z 2 | ≠ 0] Qcos 6 = cos π − 6 = − cos 6
So, n = 40 and x = Re (z) = − 10 | z2 | 3
z1 z z z
∴ = 1 e iθ and 2 = 2 e − iθ 3
x + iy
23 Let −2 − i =
π 3 + 2i sinθ z2 z2 z1 z1 1
20 Let A = θ ∈ − , π : (i = −1),
2 1 − 2i sinθ [Q z = | z | (cosθ + i sinθ) = | z | e ] iθ
3 27
z 1 4 iθ z 3 where x and y are real numbers,
⇒ = e and 2 = e − iθ
z2 3 z1 4 then y − x equals [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
is purely imaginary . Then, the
⇒
3 z1
= 2e iθ and
2 z 2 1 − iθ
= e (a) 91 (b) 85 (c) – 85 (d) – 91
sum of the elements in A is 2 z2 3 z1 2 Ans. (a)
[2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I] 3 3
x + iy
= − 2 − i = (6 + i)
On adding these two, we get 1 –1
3π 5π We have,
(a) (b)
z=
3 z1 2 z2
+
1
= 2e iθ + e − iθ 27 3 3
4 6 x + iy 1
2 z2 3 z1 2 ⇒ = − (216 + 108i + 18i 2 + i 3 )
2π
(c) π (d) 1 1 27 27
3 = 2 cosθ + 2i sinθ + cosθ − i sinθ 1
Ans. (d) 2 2 =− (198 + 107i)
27
3 + 2i sinθ 1 + 2i sinθ [Qe ± iθ = (cosθ ± i sinθ)]
Let z = × [Q(a + b) 3 = a 3 + b 3 + 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 and
5 3
1 − 2i sinθ 1 + 2i sinθ = cosθ + i sinθ i 2 = − 1]
2 2
(rationalising the denominator) On equating real and imaginary part, we
2 2
3 − 4 sin2 θ + 8i sinθ 5 3 get
= ⇒ |z | = +
2 2 x = − 198 and y = − 107
1 + 4 sin2 θ
34 17 ⇒ y − x = − 107 + 198 = 91
[Qa 2 − b 2 = (a + b)(a − b) and i 2 = − 1] = =
3 − 4 sin2 θ 8 sinθ 4 2 24 Let z be a complex number such
= + i
1 + 4 sin θ 1 + 4 sin θ
2 2
Note that z is neither purely imaginary that | z | + z = 3 + i (where i = − 1).
Since, real part of z = 0 and nor purely real. Then, | z | is equal to
3 − 4 sin2 θ ‘*’ None of the options is correct. [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
∴ = 0 ⇒ 3 − 4 sin2 θ = 0 5 34 5
1 + 4 sin2 θ 3 i 3 i
5
(a) (b)
3 3 22 Let z = + + − . If 3 3
⇒ sin2 θ = ⇒ sinθ = ± 2 2 2 2
4 2 41 5
(c) (d)
Y R (z) and I (z) respectively denote the 4 4
1 y=sin θ real and imaginary parts of z, then Ans. (b)
√3/2 [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] We have, | z | + z = 3 + i
(a) R (z) > 0 and I (z) > 0 By inspection it is clearly that imaginary
–π/2 –π/3
X′
O π/3 π X (b) I (z) = 0 part is 1.
2π/3
(c) R (z) < 0 and I (z) > 0 ∴ z = x + i for some x ∈ R[
–√3/2 (d) R (z) = − 3 ⇒ |x + i | + x + i = 3 + i
−1 Ans. (b)
Y′ ⇒ x2 + 1 = 3 − x
5 5
3 i 3 i ⇒ x 2 + 1 = 9 − 6x + x 2
π π 2π Given, z = + + −
⇒ θ ∈ − , , 2 2 2 2 4
3 3 3 ⇒ 6x = 8 ⇒ x =
4 3
2π Q Euler’s form of ⇒ z= +i
Sum of values of θ = .
3 i π π 3
3 + = cos + i sin = e i (π / 6 )
2 2 6 6 ⇒ |z | =
16
+ 1=
25
⇒ |z | =
5
21 Let z 1 and z 2 be any two non-zero −π 9 9 3
− = cos
3 i π
and + i sin −
complex numbers such that 2 2 6 6 z −α
3z 2z 25 If (α ∈R) is a purely imaginary
3| z 1 | = 4| z 2 |. If z = 1 + 2 , then = e − iπ / 6 z +α
2z 2 3z 1 5π
−i
5π
number and | z| = 2, then a value of α
i
So, z = (e iπ / 6 ) 5 + (e − iπ / 6 ) 5 = e 6 + e 6
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
5π 5π 5π 5π is [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
1 17 = cos + i sin + cos − i sin 1
(a) | z | = (b) Im(z) = 0 6 6 6 6 (a) 2 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2 2 2
[Q e = cosθ + i sinθ]
iθ
5 Ans. (d)
(c) Re(z) = 0 (d) | z | = 5π
2 = 2 cos
6
24 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
z −α Ans. (c) = x 12 + y 12 + x 22 + y 22 + 2 (x 12 + y 12 ) (x 22 + y 22 )
Since, the complex number (α ∈R)
z+α Given, | z | = 1 , arg (z) = θ ⇒ x 1 x 2 + y 1 y 2 = (x 12 + y 12 ) (x 22 + y 22 )
is purely imaginary number, therefore iθ 1
∴ z = e But z =
z −α z −α z Again squaring, we get
+ =0 [Qα ∈R]
z+α z+α 1+ z x 12 x 22 + y 12 y 22 + 2x 1 x 2 y 1 y 2
∴ arg = arg (z) = θ
1 + 1/z = x 12 x 22 + y 12 y 22 + x 12 y 22 + y 12 x 22
⇒zz − αz + αz − α + zz − αz + αz − α
2 2
28 Ifz − = 2, then the maximum
4 y y
⇒ (x 1 y 2 − y 1 x 2 ) 2 = 0 ⇒ 1 = 2
=0 z x1 x2
2
⇒ 2 z − 2α2 = 0 [Qzz = z ]
2
y y
value of | z | is equal to [AIEEE 2009] ⇒ tan−1 1 = tan−1 2
⇒ α2 = z
2
= 4 [ | z | = 2 given] (a) 3 + 1 (b) 5 + 1 x1 x2
(c) 2 (d) 2 + 2 ⇒ arg (z 1 ) = arg (z 2 )
⇒ α = ± 2.
Ans. (b) ⇒ arg (z 1 ) − arg (z 2 ) = 0
2 + 3i sin θ
26 A value of θ for which is | z | = z − 4 + 4
Alternate Solution Given that,
1 − 2i sin θ z z | z1 + z2 | = | z1 | + | z2 |
purely imaginary, is [JEE Main 2016]
⇒ | z | ≤z − 4 + 4 On squaring both sides, we get
π π z | z | | z 1 |2 + | z 2 |2 + 2 Re (z 1 z 2 )
(a) (b)
3 6 4 = | z 1 |2 + | z 2 |2 + 2 | z 1 | | z 2 |
⇒ |z |≤ 2 + ⇒ | z |2 − 2 | z | − 4 ≤ 0
3 1 |z | ⇒ Re (z 1 z 2 ) = | z 1 | | z 2 |
(c) sin−1 (d) sin−1
4 3 ⇒ | z 1 | | z 2 | cos (θ1 − θ2 ) = | z 1 | | z 2 |
⇒ [| z | − ( 5 + 1)] [| z | − (1 − 5)] ≤ 0
Ans. (d) ⇒ θ1 − θ2 = 0
⇒ 1 − 5 ≤ |z |≤ 5 + 1 ⇒ arg (z 1 ) − arg (z 2 ) = 0
2 + 3i sin θ
Let z = is purely imaginary.
1 − 2i sin θ 29 The conjugate of a complex 31 Let z, w be complex numbers such
Then, we have Re(z) = 0 1
number is . Then, the complex that z + iw = 0 and arg (zw) = π.
Now, consider z =
2 + 3i sin θ i −1 Then, arg (z) is equal to [AIEEE 2004]
1 − 2i sin θ number is [AIEEE 2008] π π
(a) (b)
(2 + 3i sin θ) (1 + 2i sin θ) 1 1 4 2
= (a) (b) −
(1 − 2i sin θ) (1 + 2i sin θ) i −1 i −1 3π 5π
(c) (d)
2 + 4i sin θ + 3i sin θ + 6i 2 sin2 θ 1 1 4 4
= (c) (d) −
12 − (2i sin θ) 2 i +1 i +1 Ans. (c)
2 + 7i sin θ − 6 sin2 θ Given that, z + i w = 0 ⇒ z = − i w
= Ans. (d)
1 + 4 sin2 θ ⇒ z = iw ⇒ w = − i z
1
Let z= and arg (zw) = π ⇒ arg (−iz 2 ) = π
2 − 6 sin2 θ 7 sin θ i−1
= +i ⇒ arg (−i) + 2 arg (z) = π
1 + 4 sin2 θ 1 + 4 sin2 θ
1 1 1 π π
Q Re(z) = 0 Then, z= = =− ⇒ − + 2 arg (z) = π Q arg (− i) = −
2
2 − 6 sin2 θ i − 1 −i − 1 i+1 2
∴ = 0 ⇒ 2 = 6 sin2 θ 3π
1 + 4 sin2 θ ⇒ arg (z) =
1 30 If z 1 and z 2 are two non-zero 4
⇒ sin2 θ =
3 complex numbers such that 32 If z = x − iy and z 1/3 = p + iq, then
1
⇒ sinθ = ± | z 1 + z 2 | = | z 1 | + | z 2 |, then x y
+ (p + q ) is equal to
3 2 2
arg (z 1 ) − arg (z 2 ) is equal to
⇒
θ = sin− 1 ±
1 p q
[AIEEE 2005] [AIEEE 2004]
3 π
(a) − (b) 0 (a) 1 (b) –1
1 2
= ± sin− 1 (c) 2 (d) –2
3 π
(c) −π (d) Ans. (d)
27 If z is a complex number of unit 2
Q z 1 / 3 = p + iq
modulus and argument θ, then arg Ans. (b)
∴ z = (p + iq) 3
1+ z Let z 1 = x 1 + iy 1 and z 2 = x 2 + iy 2
is equal to = p3 − iq 3 + 3 ip2 q − 3pq 2
1 + z [JEE Main 2013] Given that, | z 1 + z 2 | = | z 1 | + | z 2 | Given that, z = x − iy
(a) − θ ∴ (x 1 + x 2 ) 2 + ( y 1 + y 2 ) 2 ∴ x − iy = p3 − 3pq 2 + i (3p2 q − q 3 )
π ⇒ x = p3 − 3pq 2
(b) − θ = x 12 + y 12 + x 22 + y 22
2 and − y = 3 p2 q − q 3
(c) θ On squaring both sides, we get x
⇒ = p2 − 3q 2
(d) π − θ x 12 + x 22 + 2x 1 x 2 + y 12 + y 22 + 2y 1 y 2 p
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 25
and
y
= − 3 p2 + q 2 1− i 3 ⇒ 2f (1) = g (1) … (vi)
q 35 Let z = and i = −1. Then the Subtracting Eq. (iv) from Eq. (v), we get
x y 2
∴ + = − 2p2 − 2q 2 3 3 0 + (ω − ω2 ) g (1) = 0
value of 21 + z + + z 2 + 2
p q 1 1
⇒ g(1) = 0
1 x y z z g (1) 0
⇒ + = −2 3 3 f (1) = = [from Eq. (vi)]
( p2 + q 2 ) p q 1
+ z 3 + 3 + ... + z 21 + 21 is
1 2 2
z z ⇒ f(1) = 0
33 If z and w are two non-zero From Eq. (ii), P (1) = f (1) + g (1) = 0 + 0 = 0
[2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
complex numbers such that | zw | = 1 Method (2)
π Ans. (13)
and arg (z) − arg (w) = , then z (w) is −i π Q P(ω) = 0
2 1 3
z= − i=e 3 ⇒ f (1) + ωg (1) = 0
equal to [AIEEE 2003] 2 2 1 3i
(a) 1 (b) –1 1 ⇒ f (1) + − + g (1) = 0
(c) i (d) −i
Again, z r + r = z r + z r = 2Re(z r )
2 2
z
Ans. (d) [Q| z r | = 1] g (1) 3
= 2 cos ⇒ f (1) − + i g (1) = 0
rπ
iθ
Let z = r1 e and w = r2 e iφ
3 2 2
⇒ z = r1 e − iθ 3
πr
21 + ∑ z r + r = 21 + ∑ 8 cos3
21
1 21
On comparing real and imaginary parts
Given, | zw | = 1 ⇒ | r1 e iθ ⋅ r2 e iφ | = 1 r=1 z r =1 3 from both sides, we have
⇒ r1 r2 = 1 …(i) g (1) 3
(r=2, 8, 14, 20) A3 A2 (r=1, 7, 13, 19) f (1) − =0, g(1) = 0
π 2 2
and arg (z) − arg (w) =
2 g (1)
⇒ f (1) = , ⇒g(1) = 0
π 2
⇒ θ− φ= …(ii) (r=3, 9, 15, 21) A4 A1 (r=6, 12, 18)
2 0
∴ f(1) = = 0
Now,zw = r1 e − iθ ⋅ r2 e iφ = r1 r2 e − i (θ − φ ) (r=4, 10, 16) A5 A6 (r=5, 11, 17) 2
= 1 ⋅ e iπ / 2 [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)] ∴ P (1) = f (1) + g (1) = 0 + 0 = 0
π π
= cos − i sin Now, all the diametric ends will cancel
2 2 37 The sum of 162th power of the
out each other. Only a single value at A4
⇒ zw = − i roots of the equation
will remain which is −1.
x x 3 − 2x 2 + 2x − 1 = 0 is
1 + i So, 21 + 8(−1) = 13
34 If = 1, then [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
1 − i [AIEEE 2003] 36 If f (x) and g (x) are two polynomials Ans. (3)
(a) x = 4n, where n is any positive integer such that the polynomial Given, x 3 − 2x 2 + 2x − 1 = 0
(b) x = 2 n, where n is any positive integer P (x) = f (x 3 ) + xg (x 3 ) is divisible by i.e. (x 3 − 1) –(2x 2 − 2x) = 0
(c) x = 4n + 1, where n is any positive ⇒ (x − 1) (x 2 + x + 1) − 2x (x − 1) = 0
integer
x 2 + x + 1, then P (1) is equal to
…………… . [2021, 18 March Shift-II]
⇒ (x − 1) (x 2 + x + 1 − 2x) = 0
(d) x = 2 n + 1, where n is any positive
⇒ (x − 1) (x 2 − x + 1) = 0
integer Ans. (0)
− (− 1) ± 1 − 4 1 ± 3i
Ans. (a) Method (1) ∴ x = 1 and x = =
2 2
1+ i
x
(1 + i)(1 + i)
x
Given, P (x) = f (x 3 ) + xg (x 3 ) … (i)
Now, = ∴Roots are 1, − ω, − ω2 .
∴ P (1) = f (1) + g (1) … (ii)
1−i (1 − i)(1 + i) Then, sum of 162th power of the roots
Given, P (x) is divisible by (x 2 + x + 1).
x
(1 + i) 2 1 − 1 + 2i
x = (1) 162 + (− ω) 162 + (− ω2 ) 162
= = ∴ P (x) = Q (x).(x 2 + x + 1)
2 = 1 + ω162 + ω324
1−i 2 As, we know thatω and ω2 are non-real
1+ i
x
= 1 + (ω3 ) 54 + (ω3 ) 108
⇒ = (i) = 1 [given]
x cube roots of unity and this is also root
x2 + x + 1 = 0 = 1 + (1) 54 + (1) 108 [Qω3 = 1]
1−i of
∴ P (ω) = P (ω2 ) = 0 … (iii) = 1+ 1+ 1=3
⇒ ( i) x = ( i) 4 n
From Eq. (i), 38 If the least and the largest real
where, n is any positive integer.
P (ω) = f (ω3 ) + ω [ g (ω) 3 ] = 0 [from Eq. (iii)] values of α, for which the equation
∴ x = 4n
⇒ f (1) + ω g (1) = 0 … (iv) z + α | z − 1 | + 2i = 0
and P(ω2 ) = 0 [from Eq. (iii)] (z ∈C and i = − 1) has a solution,
TOPIC 2 ⇒ f (ω6 ) + ω2 . g (ω6 ) = 0 are p and q respectively, then
Square Root, Roots of Unit ⇒ f (1) + ω2 g (1) = 0 … (v) 4(p2 + q 2 ) is equal to ......... .
and De-Moivre’s Theorem Now, adding Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
2f (1) + (ω + ω ) g (1) = 0
2 Ans. (10)
⇒ 2f (1) − 1 g (1) = 0 (Q1 + ω + ω2 = 0) Given,α least = p
26 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
α max = q 2π 2π (a) x 2 + 101x + 100 = 0
= − i cos − i sin
Equation given is z + α | z − 1 | + 2i = 0; 3 3 (b) x 2 + 102 x + 101 = 0
z ∈ c and i = − 1 [according the De-Movier’s (c) x 2 − 102 x + 101 = 0
Let z = x + iy theorem]
1 (d) x 2 − 101x + 100 = 0
Then, z + α | z − 1 | + 2i = 0 3 3 i
= − i − − i = − + Ans. (c)
⇒ x + iy + α (x − 1) 2 + y 2 + 2i = 0 2 2 2 2
−1 + i 3
1 It is given thatα = , then
⇒ (x + α (x − 1) 2 + y 2 ) + i (y + 2) = 0 = − ( 3 − i) 2
2 α + α + 1 = 0 and α 3 = 1.
2
∴ y + 2 = 0 and x + α (x − 1) 2 + y 2 = 0 100 100
So, a = (1 + α) ∑α = (−α 2 ) ∑α
30 2k 2k
y = − 2 and x 2 = α 2 (x 2 + 1 − 2x + y 2 ) −1 + i 3
40 The value of
is k =0 k =0
x = α 2 (x 2 − 2x + 5) (Qy = − 2) 1− i
2
100
∑α
2 ( k + 1)
x2 =−
⇒ α = 2
2
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] k =0
x − 2x + 5
(a) −2 15 (b) 2 15 i = − [α 2 + α 4 + α 6 + α 8 + … + α 202 ]
5
∴ α ∈ 0,
2
(c) −2 15 i (d) 6 5 α 2 ((α 2 ) 101 − 1)
4 =− (sum of G.P.)
Ans. (c) α2 − 1
5 5
∴ α ∈ − , –1 + i 3
30
(–1 + i 3)(1 + i)
30
α 2 (α 202 − 1) α 2 (α − 1)
= = (1 + i) 30 =− =− 2 ,
2 2 1 −i α −1
2
α −1
2
Now, 4(p2 + q 2 ) = 4[(α least ) 2 + (α max ) 2 ] (Qα 3 = 1)
–1 + i 3 α α
2
5
2 2 3
5 Q is cube root of unity, so =− =− 2 =1
= 4 − + 2 α+ 1 α +α
2 2
−1 + i 3
3
–1 + i 3
30 100 100
= 1 ⇒ = 1 and, b = ∑α = ∑ (α )
3k 3 k
5 5
= 4 × + = 10 2 2 k =0 k =0
4 4 100
39 The value of
3
∴ (1 + i) 30
= [(1 + i) ] = (1 − 1 + 2i)
2 15 15
=2 i
15 15
= ∑ 1 = 101
2π 2π = 215 i 3 = –215 i. k =0
1 + sin + i cos Now, equation of quadratic equation
9 9 is 41 If a and b are real numbers such having roots ‘a’ and ‘b’ is
1 + sin 2π − i cos 2π that (2 + α) 4 = a + bα, where x 2 − (a + b) x + ab = 0
9 9 −1 + i 3 ⇒ x 2 − 102x + 101 = 0
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] α= , then a + b is equal to
2 Hence, option (c) is correct.
1 1
(a) − ( 3 − i) (b) − (1 − i 3) [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II]
2 2 3 i
1 1 (a) 24 (b) 33 (c) 9 (d) 57 43 If z = + (i = −1), then
(c) ( 3 −i) (d) (1 −i 3) 2 2
2 2 Ans. (c)
(1 + iz + z 5 + iz 8 ) 9 is equal to
Ans. (a) It is given that, (2 + α) 4 = a + bα, where [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
Given expression, a,b ∈ R (a) 1 (b) (−1 + 2i) 9 (c) −1 (d) 0
1 + sin 2 π + i cos 2 π
3 –1 + i 3
and α= ⋅ Ans. (a)
2
9 9
–1 + i 3 Key Idea Use, e i θ = cos θ + i sin θ
1 + sin 2 π − i cos 2 π ∴α = is non-real complex root of
3 1
9 9 2
Given, z = + i
3 unity and we know thatα 3 = 1 and 2 2
2 2π 2 2 2π 2π 2π 1 + α + α 2 = 0, so
sin 9 − i cos 9 + sin 9 + i cos 9
π
π π i
= (2 + α) 4 = 16 + 32α + 24α 2 + 8α 3 + α 4 = cos + i sin = e 6
2π 2π = 16 + 8α + 24(α + α 2 ) + 8 + α 6 6
1 + sin − i cos
9 9 [Qα 3 = 1] so, (1 + iz + z 5 + iz 8 ) 9
9
3
= 24 + 9α –24 [Q1 + α + α 2 = 0] π 5π 8π
2π 2π 2π 2π
i i i
= 1 + ie 6 + e 6 + ie 6
sin 9 + i cos 9 ⋅ sin 9 − i cos 9 + 1 9α = a + bα [given]
= ∴ a = 0 and b = 9
2π 2π
1 + sin − i cos π π 5π π 4π
9
∴ a+b =9 i i i i i
9 9 = 1 + e 2 ⋅ e 6 + e 6 + e 2 ⋅ e 3
− 1+ i 3 100
. If a = (1 + α) ∑ α 2 k
3 3
2π 2π 2π 2π 42 Let α =
= sin + i cos = − i 2 sin + i cos i
π
9 9 9 9 2
Qi = e
k =0 2
3
2π 2π 100
= i cos
3
− i sin & b= ∑ α , then a and b are the
3k
9 9 k =0 i
2π
i
5π
i
11 π
9
2π 2π
3
= 1 + e 3 + e 6 + e 6
= − i cos − + i sin − roots of the quadratic equation
9 9
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 27
2π 2π
= 1 + cos + i sin [Qroots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are [QRoots of quadratic equation
3 3 ax 2 + bx + c = 0
− b ± b − 4ac
2
5π 5π given by x = ] − b ± b 2 − 4ac
+ cos + i sin 2a are given by x = ]
6 6 ⇒ x = − 1± i 2a
11 π 11 π
9
Let α = − 1 + i and β = − 1 − i. ⇒ z 0 = ω, ω2
+ cos + i sin − 1+ 3i − 1− 3i
6 6 Then,α 15 + β 15 = (−1 + i) 15 + (− 1 − i) 15 [where ω = and ω2 =
9 2 2
1 i 3 3 1 3 i = − [(1 − i) 15 + (1 + i) 15 ] are the cube roots of unity andω, ω2 ≠ 1)
= 1 − + − + i+ −
2 2 1 i
15 15
2 2 2 2 i 1 Now consider z = 3 + 6i z 081 − 3i z 093
= − 2 − + 2 +
1
9
2 2 2 2 = 3 + 6i − 3i
3i
9
π π
= + = cos + i sin (Q ω3 n = (ω2 ) 3 n = 1)
2 2 3 3
= 3 + 3i = 3(1 + i)
= cos3 π + i sin3 π If ‘θ’ is the argument of z, then
15
π π
[Qfor any natural number ‘n’ 2 cos − i sin Im(z)
4 tan θ =
=−
4
(cosθ + i sinθ) n = cos(nθ) + i sin(nθ)] = − 1
15 Re (z)
+ 2 cos π + i sin π
44 Let z ∈C be such that | z| < 1. If [Q z is in the first quadrant]
4 4 3 π
5 + 3z = = 1⇒ θ=
ω= , then
= − ( 2) 15 cos
15 π
− i sin
15 π 3 4
5(1 − z)
4 4
[2019, 9 April Shift-II]
15 π 15 π
47 If α, β ∈C are the distinct roots of
(a) 4 Im(ω ) >5 (b) 5 Re (ω) > 1 + cos + i sin
4 4 the equation x 2 − x + 1 = 0, then
(c) 5 Im (ω) < 1 (d) 5 Re (ω) > 4
[using De Moivre’s theorem
α 101 + β 107 is equal to [JEE Main 2018]
Ans. (b) (a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
Given complex number (cosθ ± i sinθ) n = cos nθ ± i sin nθ, n ∈ Z]
Ans. (c)
5 + 3z 15 π 1
ω= ⇒ 5 ω − 5 ω z = 5 + 3z = − ( 2) 15 2 cos = − ( 2) 15 2 × We have,α, β are the roots of
5 ( 1 − z) 4 2 x2 − x + 1 = 0
⇒ (3 + 5ω) z = 5ω − 5
15 π π π 1 Q Roots of x 2 − x + 1 = 0 are −ω,−ω2
⇒ |3 + 5ω | | z | = |5ω − 5 |
Qcos 4 = cos 4 π − 4 = cos 4 = 2
…(i)
∴ Let α = − ω and β = − ω2
[applying modulus both sides and
| z 1 z 2 | = | z 1 | | z 2 |] ⇒ α 101 + β 107 = (− ω) 101 + (− ω2 ) 107
= − ( 2) 16 = − 28 = − 256
Q |z |< 1 = − (ω101 + ω214 )
Alternate Method
∴ |3 + 5ω | > |5ω − 5 | [from Eq. (i)] = − (ω2 + ω) (Qω3 = 1)
α 15 + β 15 = (−1 + i) 15 + (−1 − i) 15 = − (−1) = 1 [Q 1 + ω + ω2 = 0]
⇒
ω +
3
> |ω − 1 | = − [(1 − i) 15 + (1 + i) 15 ]
5
48 If ω (≠ 1) is a cube root of unity
(1 − i) 16 (1 + i) 16
Let ω = x + iy, then =− +
1 + i (1 + ω) 7 = A + Bω. Then, (A, B) is equal
1−i
2
3
x + + y > (x − 1) + y
2 2 2
[(1 − i) 2 ] 8 [(1 + i) 2 ] 8 to [AIEEE 2011]
5 =− +
1 + i
9 6 (a) (1, 1) (b) (1, 0)
⇒ x2 + + x > x 2 + 1 − 2x 1−i
25 5 (c) (−1, 1) (d) (0, 1)
16x 16 1 [1 + i 2 − 2i] 8 [1 + i 2 + 2i] 8 Ans. (a)
⇒ > ⇒ x> =− +
5 25 5 1−i 1+ i (1 + ω) 7 = A + Bω, we know 1 + ω + ω2 = 0
⇒ 5x > 1 ⇒ 5 Re(ω) > 1 (−2i) 8
(2i)
8
8 1 1 ∴ 1 + ω = − ω2
=− + = −2 +
1−i 1+ i 1 −i 1 + i ⇒ (− ω 2 ) 7 = A + Bω
45 Let α and β be two roots of the
[Q i 4 n = 1, n ∈ Z] ⇒ − ω14 = A + Bω
equation x 2 + 2x + 2 = 0, then 2 2 ⇒ − ω 2 = A + Bω
= − 256 2
= − 256 = − 256
α 15 + β 15 is equal to 1 − (i) 2
[2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
[Qω14 = ω12 ⋅ω2 = ω2 ]
(a) 256 ⇒ 1 + ω = A + Bω
(b) 512 46 Let z 0 be a root of the quadratic
On comparing, we get
(c) −256 equation, x 2 + x + 1 = 0, If A = 1, B = 1
(d) −512 z = 3 + 6iz 081 − 3iz 093 , then arg z is
Ans. (c) equal to [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II] 49 The value of
π π π
We have, x 2 + 2x + 2 = 0 (a) (b) (c) 0 (d) 10
2 kπ 2 kπ
⇒ x=
−2± 4− 8 4 6 3 ∑
k =1
sin
11
+ i cos
11
is
2 Ans. (a)
− 1 ± 3i [AIEEE 2006]
Given, x 2 + x + 1 = 0 ⇒x =
2 (a) 1 (b) –1 (c) − i (d) i
Ans. (c)
28 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
10
2 kπ 2 kπ 52 If ω is an imaginary cube root of z − 2 π
∑ sin + i cos
11
arg =
k =1 11 unity, then (1 + ω − ω 2 ) 7 equal to z + 2 4
10
2 kπ 2 kπ [AIEEE 2002]
z = x + iy
=i ∑ cos 11
− i sin
11
(a) 128 ω (b) −128 ω
If
π
k =1
arg[(x − 2) + iy] − arg[(x + 2) + iy] =
(c) 128 ω2 (d) −128 ω2 4
2 kπ
10 − 2 kπ
= i ∑
10 − i i
=i ∑ e 11
k = 0
e
11 − 1
Ans. (d)
⇒
y
tan−1 −1
− tan
y
=
π
k =1 Now, (1 + ω − ω2 ) 7 = (−ω2 − ω2 ) 7 x − 2 x + 2 4
= −i [Q 1 + ω + ω2 = 0]
y y
10 −
2 kπ
i = (−2ω2 ) 7 = − 27 ⋅ ω14 −
∴ sum of roots of unity is zero ⇒ ∑ e = 0 x −2 x + 2 π
= tan
11
= − 128 (ω3 ) 4 ω2 ⇒
k=0 y y 4
= − 128ω2 [Q ω3 = 1] 1+ .
x −2 x + 2
50 If z 2 + z + 1 = 0, where z is complex TOPIC 3 xy + 2y − xy + 2y
⇒ =1
number, then the value of Application of Complex x2 + y 2 −4
[AIEEE 2006]
2 2 2 Number in Geometry ⇒ 4y = x 2 + y 2 − 4
z + 1 + z 2 + 1 + z 3 + 1
⇒ x + y 2 − 4y − 4 = 0
2
z z2 z 3
z − 1 π
2 53 The equation arg = z is a circle.
+ . . . + z 6 + 6 is
1 z + 1 4 Centre = (0, 2), Radius = (2 2)
z | z − 9 2 − 2i | 2 is the distance of (9 2,2)
represents a circle with
(a) 54 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 18 [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I] from any point on circle. Distance will be
minimum when (9 2, 2) will lie on the line
Ans. (c) (a) centre at (0, − 1) and radius 2
joining the centre.
Given equation is z 2 + z + 1 = 0 (b) centre at (0, 1) and radius 2
−1 ± 1 − 4 × 1 × 1 (c) centre at (0, 0) and radius 2
⇒ z=
2× 1 (d) centre at (0, 1) and radius 2 O Q P
−1 ± −3 Ans. (b) (0, 2) (9√2, 2)
⇒ z= ⇒ z = ω, ω2
2 z − 1 π
2 2 2 We have, arg =
Now, z + + z 2 + 2 + z 3 +
1 1 1 z + 1 4
PQ = OP − OQ
z z z3 π
2 2 2 ⇒arg (z − 1) − arg (z + 1) = =9 2 −2 2 = 7 2
1 1
+ z + 4 + z + 5 + z6 +
4 5 1
6
4 PQ 2 = (7 2) 2 = 98
z z z
Let z = x + iy
= (−1) 2 + (−1) 2 + (1 + 1) 2 + (−1) 2 π 55 If z is a complex number such that
arg [(x − 1) + iy] − arg [(x + 1) + iy] =
4 z−i
+ (−1) 2 + (1 + 1) 2 is purely imaginary, then the
π
tan−1
y −1 y z −1
When we put either z = ω or z = ω2 , ⇒ − tan =
x − 1 x + 1 4
we get the same result minimum value of |z − (3 + 3i) | is
= 1 + 1 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 4 = 12 y − y [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
π
⇒ x − 1 x + 1 = tan (a) 2 2 − 1 (b) 3 2
51 If the cube roots of unity are 1,ω and 1+ y y 4
. (c) 6 2 (d) 2 2
x−1 x+ 1
ω 2 , then the roots of the equation Ans. (d)
y (x + 1) − y (x − 1)
(x − 1) 3 + 8 = 0, are [AIEEE 2005] ⇒ =1
Let z = x + iy
(x 2 − 1) + y 2
(a) −1, 1 + 2 ω , 1 + 2 ω 2 z − i x + i (y − 1) (x − 1) − iy
(b) −1, 1 − 2 ω , 1 − 2 ω 2 ⇒ 2y = x + y − 1
2 2
= ×
z − 1 (x − 1) + iy (x − 1) − iy
(c) −1, − 1, − 1 ⇒ x + y 2 − 2y − 1 = 0
2
x (x − 1) + y (y − 1) (x − 1) (y − 1) − xy
(d) −1, − 1 + 2 ω , − 1 − 2 ω 2 ⇒ x 2 + (y − 1) 2 = 2 = +i
(x − 1) 2 + y 2 (x − 1) + y
2 2
Ans. (b) ⇒ x 2 + (y − 1) 2 = ( 2) 2
z −i
Given that, (x − 1) 3 + 8 = 0 Which is a circle with Centre (0, 1) and As is purely imaginary,
Radius = 2 units z−1
⇒ (x − 1) 3 = (−2) 3
3 x2 + y2 − x − y = 0
x − 1
⇒ =1 54 A point z moves in the complex 1
2
1
2
−2 z − 2 π x − + y − =0
plane such that arg = , 2 2
x − 1
⇒ = (1)
1/3
z + 2 4
−2 1 1
This is a circle with centre , ,
x − 1 then the minimum value of 2 2
∴ Cube roots of are 1, ω and ω .
2
−2 | z − 9 2 − 2i | 2 equal to 1
radius = which passes through origin
Cube roots of (x − 1) are –2, [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] 2
−2ω and − 2ω2 . Ans. (98) as shown in the figure.
Cube roots of x are –1, 1 − 2ω and 1 − 2ω2 .
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 29
57 The point P (a, b) undergoes the Then, the maximum value of
i P (3,3) 2
following three transformations 5
(0,1) z− for z ∈ S 1 ∩ S2 is equal to
successively 2
[2021, 27 July Shift-II]
A (A) Reflection about the line y = x.
3+2 2 5+2 2
(0,0)
O
(1,0) 1 (B) Translation through 2 units (a) (b)
4 2
along the positive direction of 3+2 2 5+2 2
Minimum | z − (3 + 3i) | = OP − OA X-axis. (c) (d)
2 4
2 2 π
1 1 (C) Rotation through angle Ans. (d)
(3 − 0) 2 + (3 − 0) 2 − − 0 + − 0
2 2 4
Let S 1 = { z ∈C : | z − 2 | ≤ 1}
=3 2 − 2 about the origin in the
and S 2 = { z ∈C : z (1 + i) + z (1 − i) ≥ 4}
=2 2 anti-clockwise direction.
If the co-ordinates of the final
56 Let C be the set of all complex Now, | z − 2 | ≤ 1
position of the point P are
numbers. Let Let z = x + iy
1 7
S 1 = {z ∈C| | z − 3 − 2i | 2 = 8}, − , , then the value of 2a + b ⇒ | x + iy − 2 | ≤ 1
2 2
S2 = {z ∈C| Re( z) ≥ 5} and ⇒ (x − 2) 2 + y 2 ≤ 1
is equal to [2021, 27 July Shift-II]
S3 = {z ∈C| | z − z | ≥ 8. Also, z (1 + i) + z (1 − i) ≥ 4
(a) 13 (b) 9 (c) 5 (d) 7
⇒ (x + iy) (1 + i) + (x − iy) (1 − i) ≥ 4
Then, the number of elements in Ans. (b)
S 1 ∩ S2 ∩ S3 is equal to ⇒ 2x − 2y ≥ 4
The image of P (a, b) along y = x is Q (b, a).
[2021, 27 July Shift-I] ⇒ x − y≥2
Translating it 2 units along the positive
(a) 1 (b) 0 direction of X-axis, it becomes R (b + 2, a).
x–y=2
(c) 2 (d) Infinite π
Then, rotation through about the A
Ans. (a) 4 (2, 0) π/4
S 1 : | z − 3 − 2i |2 = 8 origin in the anticlockwise direction, the
5
⇒ | (x + iy) − (3 + 2i) |2 = 8
final position of the point P is
3π P 2, 0
1 7
⇒ | (x − 3) + i (y − 2)|2 = 8 − , . 4
2 2
⇒ (x − 3) 2 + (y − 2) 2 = 8
Now, applying rotational theorem,
S 2 :Re(z) ≥ 5 Let point on circle be A(2 + cosθ, sinθ),
1 7
x≥ 5 − + i = [(b + 2) + ai]
2 2 3π π
θ ∈ − ,
S 3 :| z − z | ≥ 8 π π 4 4
| (x + iy) − (x − iy) | ≥ 8 ⋅ cos + i sin
4 4 5
2
⇒ 2y ≥ 8 (AP) 2 = 2 + cosθ − + sin2 θ
1 7 b + 2 a 2
⇒ y≥4 ⇒ − + i= −
2 2 2 2 1
S 1 : (x − 3) 2 + (y − 2) 2 = 8 ⇒ (AP) 2 = cos2 θ + − cosθ + sin2 θ
b + 2 a 4
S 2 :x ≥ 5 +i +
2 2 5
S 3 :y ≥ 4 ⇒ (AP) 2 = − cosθ
⇒1 7 b − a + 2 a + b + 2 4
Y − + i= +i 3π
2 2 2 2 For (AP) 2 to be maximum,θ = −
4
b −a + 2 1
So, =− 5 1
(5,4)
y=4 2 2 (AP) = +
2
4 2
⇒ b −a = −3 …(i)
5+2 2
(3+2√2,2) a+b+2 7 ⇒ (AP) 2 =
and = 4
C(3,2) 2 2
⇒ a+b=5 …(ii) 59 If the equation a| z| 2 + α z + αz +d = 0
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii),
represents a circle, wherea,d
2b = 2 ⇒ b = 1
are real constants, then which of
Substitute the value of b in Eq. (ii), a = 4
O X the following condition is correct ?
x=5 Now, 2a + b = 2 × 4 + 1 = 9 [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
(a) |α | − ad ≠ 0
2
Circle passes through (5,4) as shown in 58 Let C be the set of all complex
the figure. numbers. (b) |α |2 − ad > 0 and a ∈ R − {0}
⇒There is exactly one point (5,4) in Let S 1 = {z ∈C:| z − 2| ≤ 1} and (c) |α |2 − ad ≥ 0 and a ∈ R
S 1 ∩ S 2 ∩ S 3. S2 = {z ∈C : z (1 + i) + z (1 − i) ≥ 4}. (d) α = 0, a, d ∈ R +
30 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (b) of the triangle with vertices origin, Y
Given, a | z |2 + α z + αz + d = 0 z and w, is equal to
[2021, 18 March Shift-II] (0, 1)
⇒ a | z |2 + αz + α z + d = 0 …(i)
1 1 Im (x)=1
(a) 4 (b) (c) (d) 2
Putting z = x + iy and α = p + iq in Eq. (i), 2 4 y=1
we get Ans. (b)
S1∩S2∩S3
a (x 2 + y 2 ) + (p + iq) (x − iy) + (p − iq) Given,w = 1 − 3 i
X¢ X
⇒ (x + iy) + d = 0 O (1, 0)
⇒ |w | = (1) 2 + (− 3) 2 = 1 + 3 = 2 |z –1|= Ö2
a (x 2 + y 2 ) + px + qy − ipy + iqx + px + qy i.e. (x–1)2+(y – 0)2
− iqx + ipy + d = 0 and | zw | = 1 ⇒| z | |w | = 1 =(Ö2)2
1 1
⇒ a (x 2 + y 2 ) + 2px + 2qy + d = 0 ⇒ |z| = =
2p 2q d |w | 2 Re(1– i )z=1
⇒x 2 + y 2 + x + y + = 0 be a i.e. x+ y=1
cirlce a a a Y Y¢
p 2
q 2
d ∴S 1 ∩ S 2 ∩ S 3 has infinitely many
If a ≠ 0 and r 2 = 2 + 2 − > 0 Z
a a a 1/2 elements.
π/2
⇒ p2 + q 2 − ad > 0 X′ X 63 The area of the triangle with
O
⇒ |α |2 − ad > 0 2 vertices A(z), B(iz) and C(z + iz) is
and a ∈ R − {0 } w (1, –√3) [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
1
Y′ (a) 1 (b) | z |2
60 Let z 1 , z 2 be the roots of the 2
1 1 1
∴Area of ∆ = × × 2= 1 1
equation z 2 + az + 12 = 0 and z 1 , z 2 2 2 2 (c) (d) | z + iz |2
2 2
form an equilateral triangle with 62 Let S 1 , S2 and S3 be three sets Ans. (b)
origin. Then, the value of | a| is …… .
[2021, 18 March Shift-I]
defined as Area of triangle whose vertices are
Ans. (6) S 1 = {z ∈C :| z − 1 | ≤ 2} A (z), B (iz), C (z + iz)
Given, z 1 , z 2 are the roots of S2 = {z ∈C :Re[(1 − i) z] ≥ 1} B
C (z+iz)
z + az + 12 = 0
2 S3 = {z ∈C :Im(z) ≤ 1}
−a Then, the set S 1 ∩ S2 ∩ S3 iz
∴ z1 + z2 = = −a
1 [2021, 17 March Shift-II]
12
and z 1 z 2 = = 12 (a) is a singleton
1 (b) has exactly two elements
Now, z 1 , z 2 and origin forms an (c) has infinitely many elements
equilateral triangle. O z A
z2 (d) has exactly three elements
Ans. (c) Area of the triangle
1 1
For | z − 1 | ≤ 2, …(i) = | z | | iz | = | z |2
2 2
z lies on and inside the circle of radius 2
units and centre (1, 0).
64 Let z be those complex numbers
z1 For S 2 , let z = x + iy which satisfy |z + 5| ≤ 4 and
O
Now, (1 − i) (z) = (1 − i) (x + iy) z (1 + i) + z (1 − i) ≥ − 10, i = −1. If the
∴ z 12 + z 22 + 0 2 = z 1 z 2 + 0 + 0
= x + iy − ix + y = (x + y) + i (y − x) maximum value of | z + 1 | 2 is
⇒ z 12 + z 12 = z 1 z 2
∴Re[(1 − i) z] = (x + y), which is greater α + β 2, then the value of (α + β) is
⇒ z 12 + z 22 + 2z 1 z 2 = z 1 z 2 + 2z 1 z 2
than or equal to one. ……… .
⇒ ( z 1 + z 2 ) 2 = 3z 1 z 2 [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
i.e., x + y≥ 1 …(ii)
⇒ (−a) 2 = 3 × (12) Ans. (48)
Also, for S 3 ,
⇒ a 2 = 36 ⇒ |a |2 = 36 Given, | z + 5|≤ 4, which is equation of
Let z = x + iy
⇒ |a | = ± 6 circle.
∴I m (z) = y, which is less than or equal to
But |a | ≥ 0 | z + 5| ≤ 4
one.
∴ |a | = 6 i.e., y≤ 1 …(iii) ⇒ (x + 5) 2 + y 2 ≤ 16 …(i)
Concept Draw the graph of Eqs. (i), (ii) and z (1 + i) + z (1 − i) ≥ − 10
61 Let a complex number be and (iii) and then select the common ⇒ (z + z ) + i (z − z ) ≥ −10
w = 1 − 3 i. Let another complex region bounded by Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii) for ⇒ x − y + 5≥ 0 …(ii)
number z be such that | zw | = 1 and S 1 ∩ S 2 ∩ S 3. From Eqs. (i) and (ii), region bounded by
π
arg(z) − arg(w) = . Then the area inequalities are
2
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 31
Y
Hence, centre = (1, 1 /2) Ans. (b)5
=0
+5 Equation of third line It is given for complex number z,
B x–y
L3 ⇒ iz + z + 1 + i = 0 z −i
⇒ i (x + iy) + (x − iy) + 1 + i = 0 =1 … (i)
(–5,0)O z + 2i
X' X ⇒ ix − y + x − iy + 1 + i = 0
O 5
|z |=
C (–1,0)
and … (ii)
⇒ (x − y + 1) + i (x − y + 1) = 0 2
A
∴Radius = Distance of point (1, 1/2) to the From Eq. (i), | z − i | = | z + 2i |
line x − y + 1=0
Y' ⇒Locus of z is a straight line and it is
1
Now, | z + 1|2 = | z − (−1)|2 1− + 1 perpendicular bisector of line joining
2 3 points (0, − 2) and (0, 1), so locus of z is
∴ r= =
Maximum value of | z + 1|2 will be equal to 12 + 12 2 2 1
(AC) 2 . y = − , where z = x + iy.
2
Now, (x + 5) 2 + y 2 = 16
66 If the four complex numbers z, z,
5
z − 2Re( z ) and z − 2Re(z) represent From Eq. (ii), x 2 + y 2 =
and x − y + 5=0 the vertices of a square of side 4 2
2 2
− 1 5
Given, y = ±2 2 units in the argand plane, then | z | is ⇒ x2 + =
2 2
and x = ±2 2 − 5 equal to [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
1 25
∴ Coordinates are (a) 4 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 4 ⇒ x2 + =
4 4
A(−2 2 − 5, − 2 2) Ans. (c)
⇒ x2 = 6
B(2 2 − 5, 2 2) It is given that the z, z, z − 2Re(z ) and Now, | z + 3i | = | x + (y + 3) i |
C (−1, 0) z − 2Re(z) are vertices of a square of side
4 units, so = x 2 + (y + 3) 2
Then,
AC 2 = (2 2 + 4) 2 + (2 2) 2 |z − z | = 4 …(i) 1
2
= 6 + − + 3
= 32 + 16 2 Now, let z = x + iy, so z = x − iy and 2
Re(z) = x
Given, that maximum value of (Q x 2 = 6 and y = − 1 /2)
Now, from Eq. (i), we have
| z + 1|2 is α + β 2 25 24 + 25 49 7
2|y | = 4 ⇒ |y | = 2 = 6+ = = =
⇒ α + β 2 = 32 + 16 2 4 4 4 2
⇒ α = 32, β = 16
and | z − (z − 2 Re(z))| = 4
Hence, option (b) is correct.
∴ α + β = 32 + 16 = 48 ⇒ 2 | x | = 4 ⇒| x | = 2
∴ | z | = x2 + y2 69 If z be a complex number satisfying
65 Let the lines (2 − i) z = (2 + i) z and = 4+ 4=2 2 | Re(z)| + | Im(z)| = 4, then | z| cannot
(2 + i) z + (i − 2) z − 4i = 0, (here be [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
i 2 = − 1) be normal to a circle C. If 67 Let z = x + iy be a non-zero (a) 10 (b) 7
the line iz + z + 1 + i = 0 is tangent to complex number such that (c)
17
(d) 8
this circle C, then its radius is z 2 = i| z| 2 , where i = −1, then z lies 2
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] on the [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II] Ans. (b)
3 1 Let a complex number, z = x + iy, then
(a) (b) (a) line y = − x (b) imaginary axis
2 2 2 (c) line y = x (d) real axis | x | + | y | =4
3 Y
(c) 3 2 (d) Ans. (c)
2 2 (0, 4)
For z = x + iy, z = i | z |
2 2
Ans. (d)
⇒ x 2 − y 2 + 2i xy = ix 2 + iy 2 x+y=4
Given, (2 − i) z = (2 + i) z (–4, 0)
⇒ x − y = i (x − y)
2 2 2
X′
Let z = x + iy, then z = x − iy O (4, 0)
X
⇒ (2 − i) (x + iy) = (2 + i)(x − iy) ⇒ (x − y) (x + y) = i (x − y) 2
⇒ 2x − ix + 2iy + y = 2x + ix − 2iy + y ⇒ x = y or x + y = i (x − y)
⇒ 2ix − 4iy = 0 So, the z lies on the line, y = x. (0, –4)
∴Equation of line L1 ⇒ x − 2y = 0 … (i) Y′
68. Let z be a complex number such
Also, (2 + i) z + (i − 2) z − 4i = 0 z−i 5 So, maximum value of | z | = 4
⇒ (2 + i)(x + iy) + (i − 2) (x − iy) − 4i = 0 that = 1 and | z| = . Then the and minimum value of | z | =
z + 2i 2 perpendicular distance of line x + y = 4
⇒ 2x + ix + 2iy − y + ix − 2x + y
value of | z + 3i| is from origin =
|− 4 |
=2 2
+ 2iy − 4i = 0
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I] 2
⇒ 2ix + 4iy − 4i = 0 7
(a) 10 (b) ∴ | z |∈ [2 2, 4] = [ 8, 16]
∴Equation of lineL2 ⇒ x + 2y − 2 = 0 … (ii) 2
15 So, | z | cannot be 7.
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), (c) (d) 2 3 Hence, option (b) is correct.
4y = 2 or y = 1 /2 and x = 1 4
32 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
z −1 =
α 4 + 1 − 2α 2 + 4α 2 z 2 are complex numbers such that
70 If Re = 1, where z = x + iy, (α 2 + 1) 2 z 1 − 2z 2
2z + i is unimodular and z 2 is not
(α + 1)2
2
then the point (x, y) lies on a = 2 =1 2 − z 1 z2
(α + 1) 2
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] unimodular. Then, the point z 1 lies
2 ⇒ x2 + y2 = 1
(a) straight line whose slope is − . α+i on a [JEE Main 2015]
3 So, S = ;α ∈R lies on a circle with (a) straight line parallel to X-axis
1 3 α −i
(b) circle whose centre is at − , − . (b) straight line parallel to Y-axis
2 2 radius 1.
3 (c) circle of radius 2
(c) straight line whose slope is .
2 72 The equation | z − i | = | z − 1|, i = −1, (d) circle of radius 2
5 represents [2019, 12 April Shift-I] Ans. (c)
(d) circle whose diameter is .
2 1 Central Idea If z is unimodular, then
(a) a circle of radius
Ans. (d) 2 | z | = 1.
z−1 (x − 1) + iy (b) line passing through the origin with Also, use property of modulus i.e.
For z = x + iy, = z z = | z |2 .
2z + i 2x + (2y + 1)i slope 1
(c) a circle of radius 1 Given, z 2 is not unimodular i.e. | z 2 | ≠ 1
[(x − 1) + iy][2x − i (2y + 1)]
= (d) line passing through the origin with z 1 − 2z 2 z 1 − 2z 2
(2x) 2 + (2y + 1) 2 slope − 1 and is unimodular ⇒ =1
(on rationalization) 2 − z1z2 2 − z1z2
z − 1 2x (x − 1) + y (2y + 1)
∴ Re = Ans. (b)
2z + i 4x 2 + (2y + 1) 2 ⇒ | z 1 − 2z 2 |2 = |2 − z 1 z 2 |2
Let the complex number z = x + iy
Now, it is given that Also given, | z − i | = | z − 1 | ⇒(z 1 − 2z 2 )(z 1 − 2z 2 ) = (2− z 1 z 2 )(2 − z 1 z 2 )
z−1 (Qzz = | z |2 )
Re =1 ⇒ | x + iy − i | = | x + iy − 1 |
2z + i ⇒ | z 1 |2 + 4 | z 2 |2 − 2z 1 z 2 − 2z 1 z 2
2x (x − 1) + y (2y + 1) ⇒ x 2 + (y − 1) 2 = (x − 1) 2 + y 2 = 4 + | z 1 |2 | z 2 |2 − 2z 1 z 2 − 2z 1 z 2
⇒ =1
4x 2 + (2y + 1) 2 [Q| z | = (Re(z)) 2 + (Im(z)) 2 ] ⇒(| z 2 | − 1)(| z 1 |2 − 4) = 0
2
(Q | z 2 | ≠ 1)
⇒ 2x − 2x + 2y + y
2 2
∴ | z1 | = 2
On squaring both sides, we get
= 4x 2 + 4y 2 + 4y + 1 Let z 1 = x + iy ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = (2) 2
x 2 + y 2 − 2y + 1 = x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 1
⇒ 2x 2 + 2y 2 + 2x + 3y + 1 = 0, is a circle ∴Point z 1 lies on a circle of radius 2.
1 3 ⇒y = x, which represents a line through
whose centre is − , − and radius is the origin with slope 1.
2 4 75 If z is a complex number such that
1 9 1 5 5 73 Let z 1 and z 2 be two complex | z | ≥ 2, then the minimum value of
+ − = , so diameter is . 1
4 16 2 4 2
numbers satisfying | z 1 | = 9 and z+
2 [JEE Main 2014]
71 All the points in the set | z 2 − 3 − 4i | = 4. Then, the minimum
value of | z 1 − z 2 | is (a) is equal to 5/2
α + i (b) lies in the interval (1, 2)
S= : α ∈ R (i = −1) lie on a [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
α − i (c) is strictly greater than 5/2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (d) is strictly greater than 3/2 but less
[2019, 9 April Shift-I]
(c) 2 (d) 0 than 5/2
(a) circle whose radius is 2.
Ans. (d) Ans. (b)
(b) straight line whose slope is −1.
(c) circle whose radius is 1. Clearly | z 1 | = 9, represents a circle having | z |≥ 2 is the region on or outside circle
centre C 1 (0, 0) and radius r1 = 9.
(d) straight line whose slope is 1. whose centre is (0, 0) and radius is 2.
and | z 2 − 3 − 4i | = 4 represents a circle
Ans. (c) 1
having centre C 2 (3, 4) and radius r2 = 4. Minimum z + is distance of z, which lie
α+i 2
Let x + iy = The minimum value of | z 1 − z 2 | is equals
α −i −1
to minimum distance between circles on the circle | z | = 2 from ,0 .
(α + i) 2 (α 2 − 1) + (2α)i | z 1 | = 9 and | z 2 − 3 − 4i | = 4. 2
⇒ x + iy = 2 = 1 1
α +1 α2 + 1 Q C 1C 2 = (3 − 0) 2 + (4 − 0) 2 ∴Minimum z + = Distance of − ,0
2 2
α − 1 2α
2
= 2 + i = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5 from (−2,0) 2
α + 1 α2 + 1 1
= −2 + + 0 =
3
and | r1 − r2 | = |9 − 4 | = 5 2 2
On comparing real and imaginary parts,
we get ⇒ C 1C 2 = | r1 − r2 | Geometrically
α2 − 1 2α ∴ Circles touches each other internally. 2
x= and y = 2 1 −1 3
Hence, | z 1 − z 2 |min = 0 Min z + = AD = + 2 + 0 =
α2 + 1 α +1 2 2 2
2
α2 − 1 2α
2
74 A complex number z is said to be
Now, x 2 + y 2 = 2 + 2
α + 1 α + 1 unimodular, if| z | = 1. Suppose z 1 and
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 33
Y Since,
z2
, (z ≠ 1) is purely real, hence As −1 is an end point of a diameter of the
z−1 circle, hence maximum possible value of
its imaginary part should be equal to | z + 1 | is 6.
zero. Alternate Solution
D A | z + 1 | = | z + 4 − 3 | ≤ | z + 4| + | −3 | ≤ 6
X′ X ⇒ (x − y )(− y) + (2xy)(x − 1) = 0
2 2
(0, 0) (2, 0) Hence, maximum value of | z + 1 | is 6.
(–2, 0)
(– 1, 0
2 ) ⇒ y (x 2 − y 2 + 2x − 2x 2 ) = 0
z
⇒ y (x 2 + y 2 − 2x) = 0 79 If w = and | w | = 1, then z lies on
Either y = 0 or x + y − 2x = 0
2 2 i
z−
Y′ Now, y =0 3 [AIEEE 2005]
z2 ⇒Locus of ‘ z ’ is real axis and (a) a parabola (b) a straight line
76 If z ≠ 1 and is real, then the x 2 + y 2 − 2x = 0. (c) a circle (d) an ellipse
z −1 ⇒Locus of ‘ z ’ is a circle passing through Ans. (b)
point represented by the complex origin. z
Given that,w = and |w | = 1
number z lies [AIEEE 2012] Hence, locus of ‘ z ’ is either real axis or a i
z−
(a) either on the real axis or on a circle circle passing through origin. 3
passing through the origin z
(b) on a circle with centre at the origin 77 The number of complex numbers z ⇒ i = 1 ⇒ | z | =
z − i
such that | z − 1| = | z + 1| = | z − i | is z− 3
(c) either on the real axis or on a circle 3
not passing through the origin equal to [AIEEE 2010]
(d) on the imaginary axis (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) ∞ So, z lies on perpendicular bisector of (0,
0) and 0, .
1
Ans. (b)
3
Ans. (a) We have, | z − 1 | = | z + 1 | = | z − i |
z2 Hence, z lies on a straight line.
Given A complex number , (z ≠ 1) is Clearly, z is the circumcentre of the
z−1 triangle formed by the vertices (1, 0) and 80 If | z 2 − 1| = | z | 2 + 1, then z lies on
purely real. (0, 1) and (− 1, 0 ) which is unique. [AIEEE 2004]
To find The locus of the complex number Y
(a) the real axis
z.
(0, 1) (b) the imaginary axis
z2
Method 1 Since, , (z ≠ 1) is purely (c) a circle
z−1 (d) an ellipse
real. (–1, 0) (1, 0)
X′ X Ans. (b)
=
2 2 O
z z
Then, = Using the relation, if
z−1 z−1
| z1 + z2 | = | z1 | + | z2 |
⇒ z 2 (z − 1) = z 2 (z − 1)
|z+i| Then, arg (z 1 ) = arg (z 2 )
⇒ z2 z − z2 = z 2 z − z 2
Y′ Since, | z 2 + (−1)| = | z 2 | + |− 1 |
⇒ zzz − z 2 = zz ⋅ z − z 2
Hence, the number of complex number z Then, arg (z 2 ) = arg (−1)
⇒ z | z |2 − z 2 = z | z |2 − z 2 is one. ⇒ 2 arg (z) = π
Rearranging the terms, we get
[Qarg (−1) = π]
z | z |2 − z | z |2 = z 2 − z 2 78 If | z + 4 | ≤ 3, then the maximum π
⇒ arg (z) =
⇒ | z |2 (z − z ) = (z − z )(z + z) value of | z + 1| is [AIEEE 2007] 2
⇒ | z |2 (z − z ) − (z − z )(z + z) = 0 (a) 4 (b) 10 So, z lies on Y-axis (imaginary axis).
⇒ (z − z ) [| z |2 − (z + z)] = 0 (c) 6 (d) 0
Either (z − z ) = 0 or [| z |2 − (z + z)] = 0 Ans. (c) 81 Let z 1 and z 2 be two roots of the
Now, z = z ⇒Locus of ‘ z ’ is real axis and | z + 4 | ≤ 3 represents the interior and equation z 2 + az + b = 0, z being
{| z |2 − (z + z)} = 0 boundary of the circle with centre at complex. Further, assume that the
⇒ zz − (z + z) = 0 (− 4, 0)and radius = 3. origin, z 1 and z 2 form an equilateral
Hence, locus of ‘ z ’ is a circle passing Y triangle. Then, [AIEEE 2003]
through origin. (a) a 2 = b (b) a 2 = 2 b
Method 2 Put z = x + iy, then (c) a 2 = 3b (d) a 2 = 4b
z2 (x + iy) 2 (x 2 − y 2 ) + i (2xy) X′ X Ans. (c)
= = (–7, 0) (–4, 0)
z − 1 (x + iy) − 1 (x − 1) + iy (–1, 0) Since, origin z 1 and z 2 are the vertices of
an equilateral triangle, then
(x − y ) + i (2xy) (x − 1) − iy
2 2
= × Y′ z 12 + z 22 = z 1 z 2
(x − 1) + iy (x − 1) − iy
⇒ ( z 1 + z 2 ) 2 = 3z 1 z 2 …(i)
Again, z 1 , z 2 are the roots of the equation
34 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
z 2 + az + b = 0 ⇒ 85 The set of all values of k > − 1 , for
Then, z 1 + z 2 = − a and z 1 z 2 = b 10 ⋅2x − 1
x + 1 − 2 log 2 (3 + 2x ) + log 2 =0 which the equation (3x 2 + 4x + 3) 2
On putting these values in Eq. (i), we get 2x
− (k + 1) (3x 2 + 4x + 3)
(−a) 2 = 3b ⇒ a 2 = 3b ⇒x + 1 − 2 log 2 (3 + 2x ) + log 2 (10 ⋅2x − 1)
(3x 2 + 4x + 2) + k (3x 2 + 4x + 2) 2 = 0
− x =0
has real roots, is
10 ⋅2x − 1
TOPIC 4 ⇒ 1 + log 2 =0 [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
(3 + 2 )
x 2
5
Nature of Roots and Solutions 10 ⋅2x − 1 1
(a) 1,
2
(b) [2, 3)
of Quadratic Equations ⇒ =
9 + (2x ) 2 + 6⋅2x 2 1 3
(c) − , 1
1
(d) , − { 1}
⇒ (2 ) − 14⋅2 + 11 = 0
x 2 x
2 2 2
82 The numbers of pairs (a,b) of real
Let 2x = y Ans. (a)
numbers, such that whenever α is a ⇒ y 2 − 14y + 11 = 0 Given,
root of the equation x 2 + ax + b = 0, (3x 2 + 4x + 3) 2 − (k + 1) (3x 2 + 4x + 3)
14 ± 152 152
y= =7±
α 2 − 2 is also a root of this 2 2 (3x 2 + 4x + 2) + k (3x 2 + 4x + 2) 2 = 0
equation, is [2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II] 152 Let y = 3x 2 + 4x + 2
y1 = 7 + ,
(a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8 2 Then, given equation becomes
Ans. (a) (y + 1 ) 2 − (k + 1) y (y + 1 ) + ky 2 = 0
152
y2 = 7 − ⇒
Given equation x 2 + ax + b = 0 2 y 2 + 2y + 1 − ky 2 − ky − y 2 − y + ky 2 = 0
It has two roots (not necessarily realα 152
⇒ 2x 1 = 7 + , ⇒ y + 1 − ky = 0
and β) 2 ⇒ y (1 − k) = − 1
⇒ Either α = β or α ≠ β 1
152
I. If α = β ⇒α = α 2 − 2 ⇒ α = − 1, 2 2
x2
=7− ⇒ y=
2 k−1
When α = − 1, then (a, b) = (2, 1) 152 ⇒ 3x 2 + 4x + 2 −
1
=0
When α = 2, then (a, b) = (− 4, 4) ⇒ x 1 = log 2 7 + ,
2 k−1
II. Ifα ≠ β, then For real roots, D ≥ 0
152
(a) α = α 2 − 2 and β = β 2 − 2 x 2 = log 2 7 − 1
2 ⇒ 16 − 4⋅3⋅ 2 − ≥0
Here, (α,β) = (2, − 1) or (− 1, 2) k − 1
Hence (a, b) = (− α − β, αβ) = (−1 , − 2) ∴ Sum of roots = x 1 + x 2
152 12 3
= log 2 49 − ⇒ −8 + ≥0 ⇒ ≥2
(b) α = β 2 − 2 and β = α 2 − 2 = log 2 11 k−1 k−1
4
Then α − β = β 2 − α 2 = (β − α) (β + α) 3 − 2k + 2 2k − 5
Q α ≠β ⇒ ≥0 ⇒ ≤0
84 The number of distinct real roots of k−1 k−1
⇒ α + β = β2 + α2 − 4 the equation 5
3x 4 + 4x 3 − 12x 2 + 4 = 0 is ⇒ k ∈ 1, [Qk ≠ 1]
or α + β = (α + β) 2 − 2αβ − 4 2
⇒ − 1 = 1 − 2αβ − 4 ⇒ αβ = − 1 [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I]
⇒ (a, b) = (− α − β, αβ) = (1, − 1) Ans. (4) 86 The sum of all integral values of k
(c) α = α 2 − 2 = β 2 − 2 and α ≠ β ⇒ α = − β Let f (x) = 3x 4 + 4x 3 − 12x 2 + 4 = 0 (k ≠ 0) for which the equation
2 1 2
Thus, α = 2, β = − 2 Differentiating w.r.t. x, − = in x has no real
or α = − 1, β = 1 f ′ (x) = 12x 3 + 12x 2 − 24x = 0 x −1 x −2 k
∴ (a, b) = (0, − 4) and (0, − 1) ⇒ 12x (x 2 + x − 2) = 0 roots, is [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
⇒ x (x + 2) (x − 1) = 0 Ans. (66)
(d) β = α 2 − 2 = β 2 − 2 and α ≠ β (as in (c))
Critical point x = 0, 1, − 2 2 1 2
⇒ We get 6 pairs of (a, b) − = ⇒ x ∈ R − { 1, 2}
x − 1 x −2 k
They are (2, 1), (− 4, 4), (− 1, − 2), (1, − 1), (0, 4)
(0, − 4), and (0, − 1). k (2x − 4 − x + 1) = 2(x 2 − 3x + 2)
k (x − 3) = 2(x 2 − 3x + 2)
83 The sum of the roots of the –2 0 1 2x 2 − (6 + k) x + 3k + 4 = 0
equation x + 1 − 2 log2 (3 + 2 x )
For no real roots b 2 − 4ac < 0
+ 2 log 4 (10 − 2 − x ) = 0 is (–2, –28) (1, –1)
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] ∴ (k + 6) 2 − 8⋅ (3k + 4) < 0
(a) log 2 14 (b) log 2 11 ⇒ k 2 − 12k − 4 < 0
Graph of y = f (x)
(c) log 2 12 (d) log 2 13 ⇒ (k − 6) 2 − 32 < 0
Number of real roots = 4
Ans. (b) ⇒ (k − 6) 2 < 32
⇒ −4 2 < k − 6 < 4 2
x + 1 − 2 log 2 (3 + 2x ) + 2 log 4 (10 − 2− x ) = 0
⇒ 6 −4 2 < k < 6 + 4 2
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 35
Integral k ∈{ 1, 2, 3, 4,....11} − (− 1) 2
t + 1 − t + 1 − 6 = 0
∴ α+β= =1 ⇒
Sum = 66 1 t t
1 2
⇒ β = 1−α = 1− = α =t + ≥2
1
87 If ( 3 + i) 100 = 2 99 (p + iq), then p and 3 3 Let
t
q are roots of the equation And α and γ are the roots of the equation ⇒ α2 − α − 6 = 0
[2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II] 3x 2 − 10 x + 27 λ = 0
− (− 10) 10 ⇒ α − 3α + 2α − 6 = 0
2
(a) x 2 − ( 3 − 1) x − 3 = 0 ∴ α+ γ= = ⇒ α (α − 3) + 2(α − 3) = 0
3 3
(b) x 2 + ( 3 + 1) x + 3 = 0 10 10 1 9 ⇒ (α − 3) (α + 2) = 0
⇒ γ= −α = − = =3
(c) x 2 + ( 3 − 1) x − 3 = 0 3 3 3 3 ⇒ α = 3 or α = − 2 (not possible)
2 × (3) 1
(d) x 2 − ( 3 + 1) x + 3 = 0 ⇒ t + =3
βγ 3 t
∴ = = 18
Ans. (a) λ 1 ⇒ t − 3t + 1 = 0
2
( 3 + i) 100 = 299 (p + iq) 9 ∴The number of real roots = 2
π
i 100
2100 e 6
= 299 (p + iq) 89 Let α, β be two roots of the 91 The number of real roots of the
i
2π
equation x 2 + (20) 1/ 4 x + (5) 1/2 = 0. equation
⇒ 2e 3
= p + iq e 6 x − e 4 x − 2e 3 x − 12e 2 x + e x + 1 = 0 is
Then, α 8 + β 8 is equal to
π π [2021, 25 July Shift-I]
⇒ 2 cos π − + i sin π − = p + iq [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
3 3 (a) 2 (b) 4
(a) 10 (b) 100
(c) 6 (d) 1
⇒ (−1 + i 3) = p + iq (c) 50 (d) 160
Ans. (a)
Ans. (c)
⇒ p = −1 and q = 3
1 1 e 6 x − e 4 x − 2e 3 x − 12e 2 x + e x + 1 = 0
Equation whose roots are −1 and 3 is x + (20) x + 5 = 0
2 4 2
⇒ (e 3 x − 1) 2 − e x (e 3 x − 1) = 12e 2 x
(x + 1)(x − 3) = 0
1
α + β = −20 4 ⇒ (e 3 x − 1) (e 3 x − e x − 1) = 12e 2 x
⇒ x 2 − ( 3 − 1) x − 3 = 0 1 ⇒ (e 3x
− 1) (e x − e − x − e −2 x ) = 12
αβ = 5 2
12
88 Let λ ≠ 0 be in R. If α and β are the ⇒ e x − e − x − e −2 x = 3 x
(α + β)2 = α 2 + β 2 + 2αβ e −1
roots of the equation x 2 − x + 2λ = 0 1 1
Y
and α and γ are the roots of ⇒ 20 2 = α 2 + β 2 + 2 ⋅ 5 2
equation 3x 2 − 10x + 27 λ = 0, then ⇒ 2 5 = α2 + β2 + 2 5 decreasing
βγ
is equal to ⇒ α2 + β2 = 0
λ [2021,26 Aug. Shift-II]
Now, (α 2 + β 2 ) 2 = α 4 + β 4 + 2α 2 β 2 X' X
O
Ans. (18) ⇒ 0 = α4 + β4 + 2⋅ 5 increasing
4
We have,α is common root of the ⇒ α + β 4 = − 10
equations x 2 − x + 2λ = 0 and Now, (α + β 4 ) 2 = α 8 + β 8 + 2α 4β 4
4
3x 2 − 10 x + 27 λ = 0. 1
Y'
Now, common root of these equations is ⇒ 100 = α 8 + β 8 + 2(5 2 ) 4
(3α 2 − 10α + 27 λ) − (3α 2 − 3α + 6λ) = 0 ⇒ 100 = α 8 + β 8 + 50 Hence, the number of real roots is 2.
⇒ − 7α + 21λ = 0 ∴ α + β 8 = 50
8
⇒ α = 3λ 92 If α, β are roots of the equation.
Again, α is root of x 2 − x + 2λ = 0 90 The number of real roots of the
x 2 + 5( 2) x + 10 = 0, α > β and
∴ α 2 − α + 2λ = 0 equation e 4 x − e3 x − 4e2 x − e x + 1 = 0
Pn = α n − β n for each positive
⇒ (3λ) 2 − 3λ + 2λ = 0
is equal to ……… .
[2021, 27 July Shift-II] integer n, then the value of
⇒ 9λ2 − λ = 0 P17 P20 + 5 2P17 P19
Ans. (2)
⇒ λ(9λ − 1) = 0 is equal to ……
Given equation, P P + 5 2P 2
⇒ λ = 0,
1 18 19 18
9 e 4 x − e 3 x − 4e 2 x − e x + 1 = 0
. [2021, 25 July Shift-I]
1 Let ex = t > 0
⇒ λ= [Qλ ≠ 0] Ans. (1)
9 t − t − 4t − t + 1 = 0
4 3 2
1 1 1 1 x 2 + 5 2x + 10 = 0
∴ α = 3λ = 3 × = ⇒ t2 − t − 4 − + 2 = 0
9 3 t t Pn = α n − β n
⇒ t 2 + 2 + 2 − t + − 6 = 0
1 1
Again, α and β are roots of the equation P17 P20 + 5 2P17 P19 P17 (5 2P19 + P20 )
t t =
x 2 − x + 2λ = 0
P18 P19 + 5 2P 2
18 P18 (5 2P18 + P19 )
36 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ x 18 (x 2 + 5 2x + 16) = 0 1 1
1
x2 + 34 x + 32 = 0 97 The value of 3 +
⇒ 20
+ 5 2x + x = 0
19 18 1
x
−31 / 4 ± 31 / 2 − 4⋅31 / 2 4+
20 20 19
(α −β ) + 5 2 (α − β ) + (α − β ) = 0 19 18 18
∴ x= 1
2
3+
1
P20 + 5 2P19 + P18 = 0
31 / 4 (−1 ± 3i)
4+
= 3 + ... ∞
Similarly, 2
is equal to [2021, 18 March shift-I]
P19 + 5 2P18 + P17 = 0 − 1 + 3i −1 − 3i
= 31 / 4 or 31 / 4
2
. + 3
(a) 15 (b) 2 + 3
P17 (5 2P19 + P20 ) P17 (− P18 ) 2 (c) 3 + 2 3 (d) 4 + 3
So, = =1
P18 (5 2P18 + P19 ) P18 (− P17 ) = 31 / 4 ω, or 31 / 4 ω2 Ans. (a)
Now, α 96 (α 12 − 1) + β 96 (β 12 − 1) Let x = 3 +
1
93 The number of real solutions of the = α 108 − α 96 + β 108 − β 96 4+
1
equation x 2 − | x| − 12 = 0 is = (α 108 + β 108 ) − (α 96 + β 96 ) 3+
1
[2021, 25 July Shift-II] 1
= {(31 / 4 ω} 108 + (31 / 4 ω2 ) 108 } 4+
(a) 2 (b) 3 3 + …∞
− {(31 / 4 ω) 96 + (31 / 4 ω2 ) 96 } 1 1 x
(c) 1 (d) 4 So, x = 3 + =3+ =3+
= 3 (ω + ω216 ) − 324 (ω96 + ω192 )
27 108
1 4x + 1 4x +1
Ans. (a) 4+
= 327 (2) − 324 (2) = 324 (54) − 324 (2) x x
Given equation,
= 324 (52) = 52 × 324 ⇒ (x − 3) =
x
x 2 − | x | − 12 = 0 4x + 1
⇒ | x 2 | − | x | − 12 = 0 96 The number of solutions of the ⇒ (4x + 1) (x − 3) = x
⇒ | x | − 4 | x | + 3 | x | − 12 = 0
equation
⇒ 4x 2 − 12x + x − 3 = x
2
⇒ (| x | − 4) (| x | + 3) = 0
log ( x + 1) (2x 2 + 7 x + 5) + ⇒ 4x 2 − 12x − 3 = 0
log (2 x + 5 ) ( x + 1) 2 − 4 = 0 3±2 3
So | x | − 4 = 0 or | x | + 3 = 0 ⇒ x=
| x | = 4 or | x | = − 3 (not possible)
x > 0, is [2021, 20 July Shift-II] 2
x=±4 Ans. (1) 3
⇒ x = ± 3 = 1.5 ± 3
Hence, the number of real solutions = 2 log (x + 1 ) (2x 2 + 7 x + 5) 2
+ log (2 x + 5 ) (x + 1) 2 − 4 = 0 But from above, x > 0
94 Let [x] denote the greatest integer ∴Only positive value of x is accepte(d)
less than or equal to x. Then, the = log (x + 1 ) {(2x + 5) (x + 1)} ∴x = 1.5 + 3
values of x ∈R satisfying the + 2 log (2 x + 5 ) (x + 1) − 4 = 0
equation [e x ] 2 + [e x + 1] − 3 = 0 lie in = log (x + 1 ) (2x + 5) + log (x + 1 ) (x + 1) 98 The value of 4 +
1
the interval [2021, 22 July Shift-II] + 2log (2 x + 5 ) (x + 1) − 4 = 0 1
5+
(a) 0,
1 1
e
(b) [log e 2,log e 3) = log (x + 1 ) (2x + 5) + 2log (2 x + 5 ) (x + 1) − 3 = 0 4+
1
[Qlog a a = 1] 5+
(c) [1, e) (d) [0,log e 2)
log (x + 1 ) (x + 1) 4 + .... ∞
Ans. (d) = log(x + 1 ) (2x + 5) + 2 =3 is [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
log (x + 1 ) (2x + 5)
[e x ] 2 + [e x + 1] − 3 = 0 2 4
(a) 2 + 30 (b) 2 + 30
⇒ [e x ] 2 + [e x ] + 1 − 3 = 0 Let log (x + 1 ) (2x + 5) = t 5 5
⇒ [e x ] 2 + [e x ] − 2 = 0 2 4 2
t + = 3 ⇒ t 2 − 3t + 2 = 0 (c) 4 + 30 (d) 5 + 30
⇒ ([e x ] − 1) ([e x ] + 2) = 0 t 5 5
[e x ] = 1 or [e x ] = −2 (t − 1) )t − 2) = 0
Ans. (a)
Not possible as e x > 0. ⇒ t = 1, t = 2 1
⇒log (x + 1 ) (2x + 5) = 1 and Let x = 4 +
⇒ [e x ] = 1 5+
1
log (x + 1 ) (2x + 5) = 2 1
⇒ 1≤ ex < 2 4+
2x + 5 = (x + 1) 1
⇒ 0 ≤ x < log e 2 5+
and 2x + 5 = (x + 1) 2 4 + …∞
95 If α and β are the distinct roots of x = −4
x =4+
1
the equation x 2 + (3) 1/ 4 x + 3 1/2 = 0, and 2x + 5 = x 2 + 1 + 2x 1
5+
then the value of i.e., x2 = 4 x
⇒ x = + 2, − 2 x
α 96 (α 12 − 1) + β 96 (β 12 − 1) is equal to ⇒ x =4+
[2021, 20 July Shift-I] Given, x> 0 5x + 1
(a) 56 × 325 (b) 56 × 324 x = − 4, x = − 2 are discarde(d) ⇒ (x − 4) (5x + 1) = x
(c) 52 × 324 (d) 28 × 325 ∴ x = 2 is only solution. ⇒ 5x 2 − 19x − 4 = x
Ans. (c) ⇒ 5x 2 − 20 x − 4 = 0
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 37
20 ± 400 + 80 − 1 + 73 Multiply α n − 1 in Eq. (i), we get
⇒ x= So, x = , when x ≥ 0.
10 2 αn + 1 = αn + αn − 1 …(iii)
20 ± 480 − 1 + 73 Multiply β n − 1 in Eq. (ii), we get
⇒ x= ∴ x = − 6 and x =
10 2 βn + 1 = βn + βn − 1 …(iv)
480 Add Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
⇒ x =2± are the two solutions which belong to
100 the set. α n + 1 + β n + 1 = (α n + β n ) + (α n − 1 + β n − 1 )
2 Hence, number of solutions = 2 pn + 1 = pn + pn − 1
=2± 30
5 29 = pn + 11
Q x </ 0 100 Let P (x) = x 2 + bx + c be a quadratic ⇒ Pn = 18
2 polynomial with real coefficients,
So, x =2+ 30 1
pn2 = (18) 2 = 324
5
such that ∫ P (x)dx = 1 and P (x) leaves 102 The number of solutions of the
99 The number of elements in the set 0
equation log 4 (x − 1) = log2 (x − 3) is
{x ∈R: (| x| − 3) | x + 4| = 6} is equal to remainder 5 when it is divided by ……… . [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] (x − 2). Then, the value of 9(b + c) is
Ans. (1)
(a) 3 (b) 2 equal to [2021, 16 March Shift-II]
log 4 (x − 1) = log 2 (x − 3) (given)
(c) 4 (d) 1 (a) 9 (b) 15 (c) 7 (d) 11
⇒ log 2 2 (x − 1) = log 2 (x − 3)
Ans. (b) Ans. (c)
Using property of logarithm,
Given, set = { x ∈ R : (| x | − 3) | x + 4 | = 6} P (x) = x 2 + bx + c 1
1 log b c a = log b a
As, we already know
x, x ≥ 0
∫0
P (x) dx = 1
1
c
|x |= 1 ⇒ log 2 (x − 1) = log 2 (x − 3)
− x, x < 0 ⇒ ∫ 0
(x 2 + bx + c) dx = 1 2
x + 4, x≥ −4 x 3 bx 2
1 ⇒ log 2 (x − 1) = 2log 2 (x − 3)
and | x + 4 | = ⇒ + + cx = 1
− ( x + 4), x < −4 ⇒ log 2 (x − 1) = log 2 (x − 3) 2
3 2 0
Case I x < − 4 On comparing, x − 1 = (x − 3) 2
1 b
(− x − 3) (− x − 4) = 6 ⇒ + + c=1 or x − 1 = x 2 + 9 − 6x
3 2
(x + 3) (x + 4) = 6 ⇒ x − 7 x + 10 = 0
2
⇒ b + 2c = 4 /3 … (i)
x 2 + 7 x + 12 = 6 ⇒ x 2 − 5x − 2x + 10 = 0
And, P (x) = (x − 2) ⋅ Q (x) + 5
x 2 + 7x + 6 = 0 ⇒ (x − 5) (x − 2) = 0
When, x = 2
(x + 6) (x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 2, 5
P(2) = 5
x = − 6 or x = − 1 x = 2 (rejected) as x > 1
4 + 2b + c = 5
We will reject x = − 1 as, − 1 > − 4 ∴x = 5 is only solution i.e. number of
c = 1 − 2b … (ii) solution is 1.
∴When x < − 4, x = − 6 is the solution.
Putting c = 1 − 2b in Eq. (i),
Case II − 4 ≤ x < 0 103 Let α and β be the roots of
b + 2(1 − 2b) = 4 /3
(− x − 3) (x + 4) = 6
⇒ − 3b + 2 = 4 /3 x 2 − 6x − 2 = 0. If a n = α n − β n for
⇒ − (x + 3) (x + 4) = 6 a − 2a 8
⇒ b = 2 /9
⇒ − (x 2 + 7 x + 12) = 6 n≥ 1, then the value of 10 is
∴ c = 1 − 4 /9 = 5 /9 3a 9
⇒ x 2 + 7 x + 18 = 0
2 5
As, the discriminant of this quadratic 9(b + c) = 9 + = 7 [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
9 9
equation is D = 7 2 − 4⋅ 18 = 49 − 72 = − 23 (a) 4 (b) 3
Q D = − 23 and D < 0 (c) 2 (d) 1
101 Let α and β be two real numbers,
So, no real roots and as per the question, Ans. (c)
x ∈ R. such that α + β = 1 and αβ = − 1. Let
We have, x 2 − 6x − 2 = 0
No solution when − 4 ≤ x < 0. p n = (α) n + (β) n , p n − 1 = 11 and
Given,α and β are roots of above
Case III x ≥ 0 p n + 1 = 29, for some integer n≥ 1.
quadratic equation, then
( | x | − 3) | x + 4 | = 6 Then, the value of p2n is ______.
α 2 − 6α − 2 = 0 …(i)
⇒ (x − 3) (x + 4) = 6 [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
β 2 − 6β − 2 = 0 …(ii)
⇒ x 2 + x − 12 = 6 Ans. (324)
Also, givena n = α n − β n , then
⇒ x 2 + x − 18 = 0 Given that,α + β = 1, αβ = − 1 a 10 − 2a 8
− 1 ± 1 + 72 − 1 ± 73 Let α, β be roots of quadratic equation, 3a 9
x= =
2 2 then the quadratic equation be
(α 10 − β 10 ) − 2(α 8 −β 8 )
x2 − x − 1 = 0 =
− 1 − 73 3(α 9 − β 9 )
We will reject x = as Now, α2 − α − 1 = 0
2 α 10 − 2α 8 − β 10 + 2β 8
⇒ α2 = α + 1 …(i) =
− 1 − 73 3(α 9 − β 9 )
< 0 and here, x ≥ 0. Similarly, β = β + 1
2
…(ii)
2
38 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
α 8 (α 2 − 2) − β 8 (β 2 − 2) the triangle with vertices (a, c), (2, b) Given, equation (x + 1) 2 + | (x − 5) | =
27
=
and (a, b) be , . If α, β are the
3(α 9 − β 9 ) 10 7 4
[from Eqs. (i) and (ii)α 2 − 2 = 6α, 3 3 Case I For x ≥ 5
27
β 2 − 2 = 6β] roots of the equation ⇒ (x + 1) 2 + (x − 5) =
α (6α) − β (6β) 4
ax 2 + bx + 1 = 0, then the value of
8 8
= 27
3(α 9 − β 9 ) α 2 + β 2 − αβ is ⇒ x + 3x − 4 =
2
4
6α 9 − 6β 9 6(α 9 −β 9 ) [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
= = 71 69 ⇒ 4x 2 + 12x − 43 = 0
3(α 9 − β 9 ) 3(α 9 − β 9 ) (a) (b)
256 256 ∴
=2 − 12 ± 144 + 688
69 71 x=
(c) − (d) − 8
104 If α, β ∈R are such that 1 − 2i (here 256 256
− 12 ± 832 − 12 ± 28.8
i 2 = − 1) is a root of z 2 + αz + β = 0, Ans. (d) = =
8 8
then (α − β) is equal to Given,a, b, c are in AP.
− 3 ± 7.2
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] (a, c), (2, b), (a,b ) are vertices of triangle. x=
8
Centroid = ,
(a) 3 (b) – 3 10 7
− 3 + 7.2 − 3 − 7.2
(c) 7 (d) –7 3 3 x= , ,
8 8
Ans. (d) α and β are the roots of equation
Both the values are less than 5.
Given, root of z 2 + αz + β = 0 is 1 − 2i. ax 2 + bx + 1 = 0
∴No solution from here.
Since, it is quadratic equation and one Qa, b, c are in AP.
Case II x < 5
root is complex in nature, its another ∴ 2b = a + c … (i)
27
root is complex conjugate. a + 2+ a c + b + b ⇒ (x + 1) 2 + (x − 5) =
Centroid = , 4
∴ Two roots are 1-2i and 1 + 2i. 3 3
27
α 2a + 2 c + 2b 10 7 ⇒ x2 + x − 6 − =0
Now, sum of roots = − = −α = , = , 4
1 3 3 3 3
⇒ 4x 2 + 4x − 3 = 0
= (1 − 2i) + (1 + 2i) = 2 2a + 2 10 c + 2b 7
⇒ = and = − 4 ± 16 + 48
Gives, α = −2 3 3 3 3 ⇒ x=
β 8
Product of roots = = β ⇒ a =4
−4± 8
1 ⇒ c + a + c = 7 [Q2b = a + c] =
= (1 − 2i)(1 + 2i) = 1 + 4 = 5 8
⇒ 2c = 7 − 4 [Qa = 4] − 12 4
Gives, β = 5 c = 3 /2 ⇒ x= , , both are less than 5.
8 8
∴ α − β = − 2 − 5 = −7 3
Also, 2b = a + c = 4 + ∴These values must be the solution.
2
105 The integer ‘k’, for which the ⇒ b = 11 /4 Hence, here 2 real roots are possible.
inequality Now, α and β are roots of ax 2 + bx + 1 = 0
x 2 − 2 (3k − 1) x + 8k 2 − 7 > 0 is valid − b − 11 /4 108 Let p and q be two positive
∴ α+β= =
for every x in R, is a 4 numbers, such that p + q = 2 and
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] − 11 p 4 + q 4 = 272. Then, p and q are
⇒ α+β=
(a) 3 (b) 2 16 roots of the equation
(c) 0 (d) 4 1 1 [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
⇒ αβ = =
Ans. (a) a 4 (a) x 2 − 2 x + 136 = 0 (b) x 2 − 2 x + 16 = 0
Given, x 2 − 2(3k − 1) x + 8k 2 − 7 > 0 1
⇒ αβ = (c) x 2 − 2 x + 8 = 0 (d) x 2 − 2 x + 2 = 0
Here, a > 0 4
Ans. (b)
∴D < 0 Now, α 2 + β 2 − αβ
= (α + β) 2 − 3αβ Given, p, q are positive numbers.
⇒ [2(3k − 1)] 2 − 4(8k 2 − 7) < 0
− 11
2 p+ q =2 …(i)
=
⇒ 4(9k 2 + 1 − 6k) − 4(8k 2 − 7) < 0 1
−3× p4 + q 4 = 272
⇒ k 2 − 6k + 8 < 0 16 4
121 − 192 − 71 ⇒ (p2 + q 2 ) 2 − 2p2 q 2 = 272
⇒ (k − 4) (k − 2) < 0 = =
256 256 ⇒ [(p + q) 2 − 2pq] 2 − 2p2 q 2 = 272
∴ + – +
–¥ +¥ ⇒ [(2) 2 − 2pq] 2 − 2p2 q 2 = 272
2 4 107 The number of the real roots of the [from Eq (i)]
equation ⇒ (4 − 2pq) 2 − 2p2 q 2 = 272
k ∈(2, 4) 27 ⇒ 16 + 4p2 q 2 − 16pq − 2p2 q 2 = 272
∴Required integer, k = 3 (x + 1) 2 + | x − 5 | = is ______ .
4 ⇒ 2p2 q 2 − 16pq − 256 = 0
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] ⇒ p2 q 2 − 8pq − 128 = 0
106 Let a, b, c be in an arithmetic
Ans. (2) 8 ± 64 + 4 × 128
progression. Let the centroid of ∴ pq =
2× 1
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 39
8± 576 8 ± 24 2 ⇒ x = −1, 0, 1
= = =
2 2 1 + 3 cotx 3b
∴ Sum of roots = 0 ⇒− = 0 ⇒b = 0
∴ pq = 16, − 8 2 4a
= [Qcot x = 3]
Here, pq = − 8 is not possible as p and q 1+ 3 × 3 d
and product of roots = 0 ⇒− = 0
are positive. 2 2 1 4a
= = = ⇒d = 0 and product of roots taking two
∴ pq = 16 1+ 3 4 2
at a time = − 1
Now, the equation whose roots are p and
q is 110 Let α and β be the roots of the ⇒
2c
= − 1 ⇒c = −2a
equation, 5x 2 + 6x − 2 = 0. If 4a
x 2 − (p + q) x + pq = 0
⇒ x 2 − 2x + 16 = 0 S n = α n + β n , n= 1, 2, 3,... then ∴ f (x) = ax 4 − 2ax 2 + e
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] Now, f (x) = f (0) [given]
109 If e (cos x + cos x + cos x + K ∞ ) log 2
2 4 6
e
(a) 5 S 6 + 6 S 5 + 2S4 = 0 ⇒ ax 4 − 2ax 2 + e = e
satisfies the equation t 2 − 9t + 8 = 0, (b) 6 S 6 + 5 S 5 + 2S4 = 0 ⇒ ax 2 (x 2 − 2) = 0
then the value of (c) 6 S 6 + 5 S 5 = 2S4 ⇒ x = 0, 0, − 2, 2∈T
2 sin x π
, 0 < x < is
(d) 5 S 6 + 6 S 5 = 2S4 = { x ∈ R |f (x) = f (0)}
sin x + 3 cos x 2 Ans. (d) ∴Sum of squares of all the element of
T = 2 + 2= 4
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] Given quadratic equation
Hence, option (b) is correct.
1 3 5x 2 + 6x − 2 = 0 have roots α and β.
(a) (b) 3 (c) (d) 2 3
2 2 and S n = α n + β n , n = 1, 2, 3, … 113 If α and β are the roots of the
Now, according to the Newton’s 1 1
Ans. (a) equation x 2 + px + 2 = 0 and and
Theorem
Given, t 2 − 9t + 8 = 0, is satisfied by 5S n + 2 + 6S n + 1 − 2S n = 0 α β
(cos 2 x + cos 4 x + cos 6 x + …∞ ) log
e e 2
So, on putting n = 4, we get are the roots of the equation
Now, a log c b = b log c a 5S 6 + 6S 5 − 2S 4 = 0 2x 2 + 2qx + 1 = 0, then
∴ e
(cos 2 x + cos 4 x + … ∞ ) log e 2
⇒ 5S 6 + 6S 5 = 2S 4 α − 1 β − 1 α + 1 β + 1 is
=2
(cos 2 x + cos 4 x + ∞ ) log e e α β β α
111 Let f (x) be a quadratic polynomial
= 2cos
2
x + cos x + …… ∞
4
equal to [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
such that f (− 1) + f (2) = 0. If one of the
9 9
Here, cos2 x + cos4 x + … ∞ are in GP, roots of f (x) = 0 is 3, then its other (a) (9 + q 2 ) (b) (9 − q 2 )
where a = cos2 x root lies in [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II] 4 4
π (a) (−1,0) (b) (1, 3) 9
(c) (9 + p 2 )
9
(d) (9 −p 2 )
r = cos2 x < 1 Q0 < x <
2 (c) (− 3, − 1) (d) (0,1) 4 4
a Ans. (a) Ans. (d)
∴ S∞ =
1− r Let the other root of the quadratic Given quadratic equations having rootsα
cos2 x cos2 x equation f (x) = 0 be α. So, according to andβ is x 2 + px + 2 = 0, so α + β = − p and
∴ S∞ = = = cot2 x αβ = 2
1 − cos x sin2 x
2 the question;
f (x) = a (x − 3) (x − α), a ≠ 0 1 1
∴ cos2 x + cos4 x + …∞ = cot2 x and having roots and is
Q f (−1) + f (2) = 0 α β
Now, 2cos x + cos x + … ∞ = 2cot x
2 4 2
1 1
2x 2 + 2qx + 1 = 0, so + = − q
⇒a (−1 − 3) (−1 − α) + a (2 − 3) (2 − α) = 0 α β
Now, roots of equation t 2 − 9t + 8 = 0, are
⇒ a [4 (1 + α) + (α − 2)] = 0 1 1 1
So, α − β − α + β +
(t − 1) (t − 8) = 0 1
⇒ 5α + 2 = 0 [Qa ≠ 0] α β β α
t = 1, 8 2
2 ⇒ α = − ∈ (−1, 0) α β 1 1
∴ 2cot x = 1 or 8 5 = αβ − − + αβ + 1 + 1 +
⇒ 2 cot 2 x
= 1 = 2° or 2 cot 2 x
= 8=2 3 β α αβ αβ
Hence, option (a) is correct.
α2 + β2 1 1
⇒ cot x = 0 or cot x = 3
2 2
= 2 − + 2 + 1 + 1 +
⇒ cotx = 0 or cotx = 3
112 Suppose f (x) is a polynomial of αβ 2 2
π
degree four, having critical points 5 (α + β) 2 − 2αβ 9
But here,0 < x < . at − 1, 0, 1. IfT = {x ∈R} f (x) = f (0), = − 2
2 2 2
then the sum of squares of all the
∴cotx = 0 not possible. 9 9
= (5 − (− p) + 4) = (9 − p2 )
2
elements ofT is 4 4
Hence, cotx = 3 is the only possible [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
value. Hence, option (d) is correct.
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 6
2 sin x Ans. (b) 114 The set of all real values of λ for
Now,
sin x + 3 cos x Let a polynomial f (x) of degree four is which the quadratic equations,
Dividing numerator and denominator by f (x) = ax 4 + bx 3 + cx 2 + dx + e (λ2 + 1) x 2 − 4λx + 2 = 0 always have
sinx, we get ∴ f ′ (x) = 4ax 3 + 3bx 2 + 2cx + d = 0
40 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
exactly one root in the interval It is given thatα and β be the roots of (a)
5
(b)
25
(0, 1) is [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II] x 2 − 3x + p = 0, so 27 9
(a) (0, 2) (b) (− 3, − 1) α + β = 3 and αβ = p …(i) (c)
5
(d)
25
(c) (2,4] (d) (1, 3] and γ and δ are be the roots of 9 81
x 2 − 6x + q = 0.So, Ans. (d)
Ans. (d)
γ + δ =6
Given quadratic equations Given equation
and γδ = q …(ii)
f (x) = (λ2 + 1) x 2 − 4λx + 2 = 0 have exactly 9x 2 − 18 | x | + 5 = 0
Qα, β, γ, δ form a geometric progression ⇒ 9 | x |2 − 18 | x | + 5 = 0
one root in the interval (0, 1).
So, D > 0 ⇒16λ2 − 4(λ2 + 1) 2 > 0 So, let α = a, β = ar, γ = ar 2 , δ = ar 3 ⇒ 9 | x |2 − 15 | x | − 3 | x | + 5 = 0
⇒ 8λ − 8 > 0 ⇒λ2 > 1
2 2q + p 2γδ + αβ 2a 2 r 5 + a 2 r ⇒ 3 | x | (3 | x | − 5) − 1 (3 | x | − 5) = 0
∴ = =
⇒ λ ∈ (−∞, − 1) ∪ (1, ∞) …(i) 2q − p 2γδ − αβ 2a 2 r 5 − a 2 r 1 5 1 5
⇒ |x | = , ⇒ x = ± , ±
and f (0)f (1) < 0 2r 4 + 1 3 3 3 3
=
1 −1 5 −5
⇒ 2(λ2 + 1 − 4λ + 2) < 0 2r 4 − 1 So, product of roots =
⇒ λ2 − 4λ + 3 < 0 3 3 3 3
Now, α + β = 3 ⇒ a (1 + r) = 3
25
⇒ (λ − 3)(λ − 1) < 0 ⇒ λ ∈(1, 3) …(ii) and γ + δ = 6 ⇒ ar 2 (1 + r) = 6 =
81
From Eqs, (i) and (ii), we get
So, r2 = 2 119 If α and β are the roots of the
λ ∈(1, 3) 2q + p 2(r 2 ) 2 + 1 2(2) 2 + 1 9
And if λ = 3, then the quadratic equation is ∴ = = = equation, 7 x 2 − 3x − 2 = 0, then the
2q − p 2(r 2 ) 2 − 1 2(2) 2 − 1 7 α β
10 x 2 − 12x + 2 = 0
Hence, option (a) is correct.
value of + is equal to
⇒ 5x 2 − 6x + 1 = 0 ⇒ x = 1,
1 1−α 2
1 − β2
1
5 117 Let λ ≠ 0 be in R. If α and β are the [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
QThe root x = ∈ (0, 1) for λ = 3 27 1 3 27
∴ λ ∈(1, 3] . 5 roots of the equation, (a) (b) (c) (d)
x 2 − x + 2λ = 0 and α and γ are the 32 24 8 16
Hence, option (d) is correct.
roots of the equation, Ans. (d)
115 Let [t] denote the greatest integer βγ Given quadratic equation 7 x 2 –3x –2 = 0
3x 2 − 10x + 27 λ = 0, then is equal
≤ t. Then the equation in λ has roots α and β.
x,[x] 2 + 2[x + 2] − 7 = 0 has to [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] 3
So, α + β = and αβ = − ⋅
2
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I] (a) 36 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 18 7 7
(a) infinitely many solutions α β
Ans. (d) Now, +
(b) exactly four integral solutions 1 –α 2 1 –β 2
It is given thatα is a common roots of
(c) no integral solution α –αβ 2 + β –βα 2
given quadratic equations =
(d) exactly two solutions 1 –(α 2 + β 2 ) + α 2 β 2
x 2 – x + 2λ = 0
Ans. (a) (α + β) –αβ (α + β)
and 3x 2 – 10 x + 27 λ = 0 =
Given equation in x is 1 –[(α + β) 2 –2αβ] + (αβ) 2
∴ 3α 2 – 10 α + 27 λ = 0
[x] 2 + 2[x + 2] − 7 = 0 3 α 2 − 3 α + 6λ = 0 3 2 3
Q For any integer n, [x + n] = [x] + n, +
– + – 7 7 7
∀ x ∈ R. =
0 – 7α + 21λ = 0 3 2 4 4
So, [x] 2 + 2[x] + 4 − 7 = 0 ⇒ α = 3λ 1 – + +
⇒ [x] 2 + 2[x] − 3 = 0 7 7 49
So, 9λ2 –3λ + 2λ = 0
⇒ [x] 2 + 3[x] − [x] − 3 = 0 21 + 6 27
1 = =
⇒ [x] = −3 or 1 ⇒ λ= [Qλ ≠ 0] 49 –37 + 4 16
9
∴ x ∈ [−3, − 2) ∪ [1, 2) 1
⇒ α=
∴There are infinitely many solutions. 3 1 120 If α and β be two roots of the
2×
Hence, option (a) is correct. 2λ 9 2 equation x 2 − 64x + 256 = 0. Then,
As αβ = 2λ ⇒β = = = 1/ 8 1/ 8
α 1 /3 3 α3 β3
116 Let α and β be the roots of 9×
1 value of 5 + 5 is
x 2 − 3x + p = 0 and γ and δ be the 9λ 9 =3 β α
and αγ = 9λ ⇒γ = =
roots of x 2 − 6x + q = 0. If α, β, γ, δ α 1 /3 [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
2
form a geometric progression. ×3 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 4
βγ 3
Then ratio (2q + p) : (2q − p) is ∴ = = 18 Ans. (a)
λ 1 /9 Given quadratic equation
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
x 2 − 64x + 256 = 0 having rootsα andβ, so
(a) 9 : 7 (b) 3 : 1 118 The product of the roots of the α + β = 64 and αβ = 256
(c) 5 : 3 (d) 33 : 31 equation 9x 2 − 18| x | + 5 = 0, is α3
1/8
β3
1/8
α+β
Ans. (a) [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I] Now, 5 + 5 =
β
α
(αβ) 5 /8
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 41
64 64 64 of roots = α + β = 1, and product of roots
= = = =2 Since the quadratic equation
(256) 5 / 8 25 32 = αβ = − 1 33
2x 2 + (a − 10) x + = 2a has real roots, so
and p k = α k + β k , k ≥ 1 2
121 If α and β are the roots of the So, p1 = α + β = 1 D≥0
equation 2x (2x + 1) = 1, then β is 33
p2 = α 2 + β 2 = (α + β) 2 − 2αβ ⇒ (a − 10) 2 − 4(2) − 2a ≥ 0
equal to 2
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II] = 1+ 2=3
(a) 2α (α + 1) (b) −2α (α + 1) ⇒a 2 − 20a + 100 − 4(33 − 4a) ≥ 0
p3 = α 3 + β 3 = (α + β) 3 − 3αβ (α + β)
⇒ a 2 − 4a − 32 ≥ 0
(c) 2α (α − 1) (d) 2α 2 = 1+ 3=4
⇒ a − 8a + 4a − 32 ≥ 0
2
Ans. (b) p4 = α 4 + β 4
⇒ a (a − 8) + 4(a − 8) ≥ 0
The given quadratic equation = (α + β) 4 − 4αβ (α 2 + β 2 ) − 6α 2 β 2
⇒ (a + 4)(a − 8) ≥ 0
2x (2x + 1) = 1 = 1 + 12 − 6 = 7
⇒ a ∈ (−∞, − 4] ∪ [8, ∞)
⇒ 4x 2 + 2x − 1 = 0 has roots α and β and p5 = α 5 + β 5
∴The least positive value of ‘a’ for which
So, α+β=−
1 = (α + β) 5 − 5αβ (α 3 + β 3 ) − 10 α 2 β 2 (α + β) the given quadratic equation has real
2 = 1 + 20 − 10 = 11 roots is 8.
⇒ 2α + 2β = − 1 ...(i) Q p3 = p5 − p4 = 4 Hence, answer 8 is correct.
and 4α 2 + 2α − 1 = 0 ...(ii)
p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 = 1 + 3 + 4 + 7 + 11
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 126 Let S be the set of all real roots of
= 26
4α 2 + 2α + (2α + 2β) = 0 the equation, 3 x (3 x − 1) + 2
⇒ 2α 2 + 2α + β = 0 ⇒ β = − 2α(α + 1) but p5 ≠ p2 ⋅ p3
= | 3 x − 1 | + | 3 x − 2 |.
122 Let α and β be two real roots of the 124 If the equation,x + bx + 45 = 0
2
Then S [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
(b∈R) has conjugate complex roots (a) is a singleton.
equation (k + 1) tan2 x − 2 ⋅ λ tan x
= (1 − k ), where k (≠ − 1) and λ are and they satisfy | z + 1 | = 2 10, then (b) is an empty set.
(c) contains at least four elements.
real numbers. If tan2 (α + β) = 50, [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I]
then a value of λ is [2020, 7 Jan.
(a) b 2
+ b = 72 (b) b 2 + b = 12 (d) contains exactly two elements.
2
Shift-I] (c) b − b = 30
2
(d) b − b = 42 Ans. (a)
(a) 5 2 (b) 10 (c) 10 2 (d) 5 Ans. (c) Given equation,3x (3x − 1) + 2
Ans. (b) It is given that roots of quadratic = |3x − 1| + |3x − 2 |
equation x 2 + bx + 45 = 0, b ∈ R has
Given equation Let 3x = t > 0, ∀ x ∈ R, so equation is
conjugate complex roots, now let roots
(k + 1) tan2 x − 2λ tan x = 1 − k, w there are α + iβ and α − iβ . t 2 − t + 2 = |t − 1| + |t − 2 | …(i)
k ≠ −1 and λ ∈R having roots α and β, so
∴ Sum of roots = 2α = − b …(i) 1 − t + 2 − t , 0 < t ≤ 1
2λ
tanα + tanβ = and product of roots = α 2 + β 2 = 45 …(ii) Q |t − 1| + |t − 2| = t − 1 + 2 − t , 1 < t ≤ 2
k+ 1
k−1 Q Roots α ± iβ satisfy | z + 1| = 2 10, t − 1 + t − 2 , t > 2
and tanα ⋅ tanβ = so (α + 1) 2 + β 2 = 40
k+ 1
⇒ α + 2α + 1 + β 2 = 40
2 3 − 2t, 0 < t ≤ 1
2λ
From relation (ii), = 1 , 1< t ≤ 2
tanα + tanβ k+ 1
Q tan(α + β) = = On putting the value ofα 2 + β 2 , we get 2t − 3, t > 2
1 − tanα tanβ 1 − k − 1
45 + 2α + 1 = 40
k+ 1 Now, Case-I
2λ λ ⇒ 2α = − 6
⇒ tan(α + β) = = If |t − 1 | + |t − 2| = 3 − 2t, for 0 < t ≤ 1
2 2 ⇒ α = −3
then t 2 − t + 2 = 3 − 2t ⇒ t 2 + t − 1 = 0
Q tan2 (α + β) = 50 ⇒ λ2 = 100 From relation (i), we get
−b = 2(−3) [Qα = −3] −1 ± 5
⇒ λ = ± 10 ⇒ t=
⇒ b =6 2
123 Let α and β be the roots of the ∴ b 2 + b = 36 + 6 = 42 ± 5−1
=
equation x 2 − x − 1 = 0. If and b 2 − b = 36 − 6 = 30 2
5−1
p k = (α) k + (β) k , k ≥ 1, then which Hence, option (c) is correct. Q ∈(0, 1]
one of the following statements is 125 The least positive value of ‘a’ for 2
not true? 5−1
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
which the equation, ∴ t= is one of the solution.
(a) p3 = p5 − p4 33 2
(b) (p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 ) = 26 2x 2 + (a + 10) x + = 2a has real Case-II
2
(c) p5 = p2 . p3 If |t − 1 | + |t − 2 | = 1, for 1 < t ≤ 2
roots is ……… .
(d) p5 = 11 [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] then t2 − t + 2 = 1
Ans. (c) ⇒ t − t + 1 = 0 have no real solution.
2
Ans. (8)
Case-III
It is given thatα and β are roots of
quadratic equation x 2 − x − 1 = 0, so sum If |t − 1 | + |t − 2| = 2t − 3, for t > 2
then t 2 − t + 2 = 2t − 3
42 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ t 2 − 3t + 5 = 0 have no real solution. and α, β are roots of another quadratic Given equation is
Since, S be the set of all real roots of the equation x 2 − 2bx − 10 = 0. | x − 2 | + x ( x − 4) + 2 = 0
given equation, then S is a singleton set. So, α + β = 2b, αβ = − 10 and ⇒ | x − 2| + x − 4 x + 4 = 2
Hence, option (a) is correct. α 2 − 2bx − 10 = 0 ⇒ | x − 2 | + ( x − 2) 2 = 2
b2 b2 b
⇒ − 2 − 10 = 0 Qα = ⇒ (| x − 2 |) 2 + | x − 2 | − 2 = 0
127 The number of real roots of the a 2
a a
5a 2(5a) Let | x − 2 | = y, then above equation
equation, ⇒ − − 10 = 0 (Qb = 5a)
2
reduced to
e 4 x + e3 x − 4e2 x + e x + 1 = 0 is a2 a
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I] 5 y2 + y − 2 = 0
⇒ − 10 − 10 = 0
(a) 3 (b) 4 a ⇒ y + 2y − y − 2 = 0
2
(c) 1 (d) 2 ⇒ 20a = 5 ⇒ a =
1 ⇒ y (y + 2) − 1(y + 2) = 0
4 ⇒ (y + 2)(y − 1) = 0
Ans. (c) 5
So, b2 =
Given equation is 4 ⇒ y = 1, − 2
e 4 x + e 3 x − 4e 2 x + e x + 1 = 0 b 2 5 /4 ∴ y = 1[Qy = | x − 2| ≥ 0]
∴ α2 = 2 = = 20
Let e = y > 0, so y + y − 4y + y + 1 = 0
x 4 3 2 a 1 / 16 ⇒ | x − 2| = 1 ⇒ x − 2 = ± 1
Since, αβ = − 10 ⇒ α 2 β 2 = 100 ⇒ x = 3 or 1 ⇒ x = 9 or 1
1 1
⇒ y2 + 2 + y + − 4 = 0 ⇒ β2 = 5 ∴ Sum of roots = 9 + 1 = 10
y y
∴ α + β 2 = 20 + 5 = 25
2
[on dividing by y 2 ] Hence, option (d) is correct. 131 The number of integral values of m
2
1 1 for which equation
⇒ y + + y + −6 =0
y y 129 If α and β are the roots of the (1 + m2 ) x 2 − 2(1 + 3m) x + (1 + 8m) = 0,
1
Again, let y + = t, thent 2 + t − 6 = 0 equation x 2 − 2x + 2 = 0, then the has no real root is
y n
α [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
⇒ t 2 + 3t − 2t − 6 = 0 least value of n for which = 1 is (a) 3 (b) infinitely many
⇒ t (t + 3) − 2(t + 3) = 0 β (c) 1 (d) 2
⇒ (t − 2) (t + 3) = 0 ⇒ t = − 3, 2 [2019, 8 April Shift-I] Ans. (b)
1
∴ y + = − 3 or 2 (a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 3
y Key Idea
Ans. (c)
1 (i) First convert the given equation in
⇒ e x + x = − 3 or 2 Given,α and β are the roots of the quadratic equation.
e quadratic equation
1 (ii) Use, Discriminant, D = b 2 − 4ac < 0
⇒ ex + x = 2 x 2 − 2x + 2 = 0
e ⇒ (x − 1) 2 + 1 = 0 ⇒(x − 1) 2 = − 1 Given quadratic equation is
Qe x > 0 ⇒ e x + 1 ≠ − 3 ∀x ∈ R ⇒ x − 1 = ± i [where i = −1] (1 + m2 ) x 2 − 2(1 + 3m) x + (1 + 8m) = 0 …(i)
ex ⇒ x = (1 + i) or (1 − i) Now, discriminant
⇒ (e x − 1) 2 = 0 ⇒ e x = 1 ⇒ x = 0 Clearly, ifα = 1 + i, thenβ = 1 − i D = [−2(1 + 3m)] 2 − 4(1 + m2 )(1 + 8m)
∴ Number of real roots of given equation According to question = 4 [(1 + 3m) 2 − (1 + m2 )(1 + 8m)]
is 1. α
n
1+ i
n
= 4 [1 + 9m2 + 6m − (1 + 8m + m2 + 8m3 )]
Hence, option (c) is correct. =1 ⇒ =1
β 1−i = 4 [−8m3 + 8m2 − 2m]
128 Let a, b ∈R, a ≠ 0 be such that the (1 + i)(1 + i)
n = − 8m(4m2 − 4m + 1) = − 8m(2m − 1) 2
⇒ = 1 [by rationalization]
equation, ax 2 − 2bx + 5 = 0 has a (1 − i)(1 + i)
According to the question there is no
repeated root α, which is also a solution of the quadratic Eq. (i), then
n
1 + i 2 + 2i D<0
root of the equation, ⇒ =1
1−i
2
x 2 − 2bx − 10 = 0. ∴ −8m(2m − 1) 2 < 0 ⇒ m> 0
If β is the other root of this 2i
n
So, there are infinitely many values of ‘m’
⇒ = 1⇒ i = 1
n
for which, there is no solution of the
equation, then α 2 +β 2 is equal to 2
given quadratic equation.
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II] So, minimum value of n is 4. [Qi 4 = 1]
(a) 26 (b) 24 (c) 28 (d) 25 132 Let p, q ∈R. If 2 − 3 is a root of the
130 The sum of the solutions of the
Ans. (d)
equation quadratic equation, x 2 + px + q = 0,
It is given that fora, b ∈ R, a ≠ 0, the then [2019, 9 April Shift-I]
quadratic equationax 2 − 2bx + 5 = 0 has | x − 2| + x ( x − 4) + 2 = 0 (x > 0) is
(a) q 2 − 4 p − 16 = 0
a repeated rootα. equal to [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
(b) p 2 − 4q − 12 = 0
b (a) 9 (b) 12 (c) 4 (d) 10
So, α = and D =0 …(i) (c) p 2 − 4q + 12 = 0
a Ans. (d) (d) q 2 + 4 p + 14 = 0
⇒ 4b 2 − 20a = 0 ⇒ b 2 = 5a …(ii) Ans. (b)
Key Idea Reduce the given equation into
5
and α2 = …(iii) quadratic equation. Given quadratic equation is
a
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 43
and its roots are α and β. (a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 3
x 2 + px + q = 0, where p, q ∈Rhaving one
So, sum of roots = α + β = − sin θ Ans. (d)
root2 − 3 , then other root is2 + 3
and product of roots = αβ = − 2sin θ Fortherootsofquadraticequation
(conjugate of2 − 3 ) ax 2 + bx + c = 0 toberational
⇒ αβ = 2(α + β) …(i)
[Q irrational roots of a quadratic D = (b 2 − 4ac) shouldbeperfectsquare.
Now, the given expression is
equation always occurs in pairs] α 12 + β 12 In the equation6x 2 − 11x + α = 0
So, sum of roots = − p = 4 ⇒ p = −4 a = 6, b = − 11 and c = α
(α + β −12 )(α − β)24
−12
and product of roots = q = 4 − 3 ⇒ q = 1 ∴ For roots to be rational
α 12 + β 12
Now, from options = D = (− 11) 2 − 4(6) (α) should be a perfect
1 1 24
p2 − 4q − 12 = 16 − 4 − 12 = 0 12 + 12 (α − β) square.
α β
⇒D(α) = 121 − 24α should be a perfect
133 If m is chosen in the quadratic α 12 + β 12
= 12 square
equation (m2 + 1) x 2 − 3x + (m2 + 1) 2 = 0 β + α 12 Now, D(1) = 121 − 24 = 97 is not a perfect
12 12 (α − β)
24
such that the sum of its roots is α β square.
greatest, then the absolute αβ
12
12
D(2) = 121 − 24 × 2 = 73 is not a perfect
αβ
difference of the cubes of its roots = 2
= square.
(α − β) (α + β) − 4αβ
2
is [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
12
D(3) = 121 − 24 × 3 = 49 is a perfect square.
2(α + β)
(a) 10 5 (b) 8 5 = [from Eq. (i)] D(4) = 121 − 24 × 4 = 25 is a perfect square.
(α + β) 2
− 8 (α + β)
(c) 8 3 (d) 4 3 D(5) = 121 − 24 × 5 = 1 is a perfect square.
12 12
Ans. (b) 2 2 and for α ≥ 6, D(α) < 0, hence imaginary
= =
(α + β) − 8 − sinθ − 8 roots.
Given quadratic equation is
∴For 3 values ofα (α = 3, 4, 5), the roots
(m2 + 1) x 2 − 3x + (m2 + 1) 2 = 0 …(i) 212 [Qα + β = − sinθ]
= are rational.
Let the roots of quadratic Eq. (i) are α (sinθ + 8) 12
and β, so 137 If both the roots of the quadratic
α+β= 2
3
and αβ = m2 + 1 135 The number of real roots of the equation x 2 − mx + 4 = 0 are real and
m +1 equation 5 + | 2 x − 1 | = 2 x (2 x − 2) is distinct and they lie in the interval [1,
According to the question, the sum of [2019, 10 April Shift-II] 5] then m lies in the interval
roots is greatest and it is possible only (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
when ‘‘(m2 + 1) is min’’ and ‘‘min value of Ans. (a) (a) (4, 5) (b) (−5, − 4)
m2 + 1 = 1, when m = 0’’. (c) (5, 6) (d) (3, 4)
Given equation 5 + | 2 − 1 | = 2 (2 − 2)
x x x
∴ α + β = 3 and αβ = 1, as m = 0 Ans. (a)
Case I
Now, the absolute difference of the cubes If 2x − 1 ≥ 0 ⇒x ≥ 0, According to given information, we have
of roots the following graph
then 5 + 2x − 1 = 2x (2x − 2)
= |α 3 − β 3 | Put 2x = t, then 5 + t − 1 = t 2 − 2t Y
= |α − β | | α 2 + β 2 + αβ | ⇒ t 2 − 3t − 4 = 0
= (α + β) 2 − 4αβ | (α + β) 2 − αβ | ⇒ t 2 − 4t + t − 4 = 0
⇒ t (t − 4) + 1(t − 4) = 0
= 9 − 4 |9 − 1 | ⇒ t = 4 or − 1 ⇒ t = 4 (Qt = 2x > 0)
X
=8 5 ⇒ 2x = 4 ⇒x = 2 > 0 O 1 5
⇒x = 2 is the solution.
134 If α and β are the roots of the Case II
If 2x − 1 < 0 ⇒x < 0 , then Now, the following conditions should
quadratic equation,
π satisfy
x 2 + x sinθ − 2 sinθ = 0 , θ ∈ 0, ,
5 + 1 − 2x = 2x (2x − 2)
2 Put 2 = y, then6 − y = y 2 − 2y
x (i) D >0 ⇒b 2 − 4ac > 0
⇒ y 2 − y − 6 = 0 ⇒ y 2 − 3y + 2y − 6 = 0 ⇒ m2 − 4 × 1 × 4 > 0
α 12 + β 12
then −12 is equal to ⇒ (y + 2) (y − 3) = 0 ⇒ y = 3 or − 2 ⇒ m2 − 16 > 0
(α + β −12 ) (α − β) 24 ⇒ (m − 4) (m + 4) > 0
⇒ y =3 (as y = 2x > 0) ⇒2x = 3
[2019, 10 April Shift-I] ⇒ x = log 2 3 > 0 ⇒ m∈ (− ∞, − 4) ∪ (4, ∞ )
2 12 26 So, x = log 2 3 is not a solution. (ii) The vertex of the parabola should
(a) (b)
(sin θ + 8) 12 (sin θ + 8) 12 Therefore, number of real roots is one. lie
between x = 1 and x = 5
2 12 2 12
(c) (d) 136 The number of all possible positive b m
(sin θ − 4) 12 (sin θ − 8) 6 ∴ − ∈ (1, 5) ⇒1 < < 5
integral values of α for which the 2a 2
Ans. (a) roots of the quadratic equation, ⇒ m ∈(2, 10)
Given quadratic equation is 6x 2 − 11x + α = 0 are rational (iii) f(1) > 0 ⇒ 1 − m + 4 > 0 ⇒ m< 5 ⇒
π m∈ (−∞, 5)
x 2 + x sinθ − 2 sinθ = 0, θ ∈ 0, numbers is [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
2
44 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
(iv) f(5) > 0 ⇒ 25 − 5m + 4 > 0 ⇒ 140 Let α and β be the roots of the 1 α β
Then, λ+ = 1⇒ + = 1 (given)
5m< 29 λ β α
quadratic equation
⇒m∈ − ∞,
29 ⇒ α 2 + β 2 = αβ ⇒ (α + β) 2 = 3αβ
x 2 sinθ − x (sinθcosθ + 1) + cosθ = 0
5 m (m − 4) 2
2
2
(0 < θ < 45º) and α < β. Then, ⇒ =3 2
From the values of m obtained in (i), (ii), ∞
(− 1) n 9m4 3m
(iii) and (iv), we get m∈(4, 5). ∑
n = 0
α n
+
βn
is equal to ⇒ (m− 4) 2 = 18 [Qm ≠ 0]
⇒ m− 4 = ±3 2
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
–∞ ∞ ⇒ m = 4± 3 2
1 1
–4 2 4 5 29/5 (a) − The least value of m = 4 − 3 2
1 − cosθ 1 + sinθ
1 1 142 If α and β are the roots of the
(b) +
138 The value of λ such that sum of the 1 − cosθ 1 + sinθ equation 375x 2 − 25x − 2 = 0, then
squares of the roots of the 1 1 n n
quadratic equation,
(c) −
1 + cosθ 1 − sinθ
lim ∑ α r + lim ∑ β r is equal to
n→ ∞ n→ ∞
r =1 r =1
x 2 + (3 − λ ) x + 2 = λ has the least (d)
1
+
1
[2019, 12 April Shift-I]
value is [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] 1 + cosθ 1 − sinθ
4 15 21 29
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 2 Ans. (b) (a) (b)
9 8 346 358
Given, 1 7
Ans. (d)
x 2 sinθ − x sinθ cosθ − x + cosθ = 0, (c) (d)
Given quadratic equation is where 0 < θ < 45°
12 116
x 2 + (3 − λ) x + 2 = λ ⇒ x sinθ (x − cosθ) − 1(x − cosθ) = 0 Ans. (c)
x + (3 − λ) x + (2 − λ) = 0
2
… (i) ⇒ (x − cosθ) (x sinθ − 1) = 0 Given α and β are roots of quadratic
Let Eq. (i) has roots α and β, then ⇒ x = cosθ, x = cosec θ equation
α + β = λ − 3 and αβ = 2 − λ ⇒ α = cosθ and β = cosec θ 375x 2 − 25x − 2 = 0
b 1
[QFor ax 2 + bx + c = 0, sum of roots= − (QFor 0 < θ < 45° , < cosθ < 1 and 25 1
a 2 ∴ α+β= = … (i)
c 2 < cosec θ < ∞ ⇒ cosθ < cosec θ) 375 15
and product of roots = ] 2
a Now, consider, and αβ = − … (ii)
Now, α 2 + β 2 = (α + β) 2 − 2αβ ∞
n (−1) n ∞ ∞
(−1)n 375
∑ α + β n = ∑ α + ∑ β n
n
= (λ − 3) 2 − 2(2 − λ) n n
n= 0 n= 0 n= 0
= λ2 − 6λ + 9 − 4 + 2λ ∑α + lim ∑β
r r
Now, lim
n→ ∞ n→ ∞
= λ2 − 4λ + 5 = (λ2 − 4λ + 4) + 1 r =1 r =1
= (λ −2) 2 + 1 = (1 + α + α 2 + α 3 + .... ∞)
= (α + α 2 + α 3 + K + upto infinite terms)
Clearly, a + β will be least when λ = 2.
2 2
1 1 1 + (β + β 2 + β 3 + K + upto infinite terms)
+ 1 − + 2 − 3 + .... ∞
β β β α β a
139 If one real root of the quadratic = + QS ∞ = 1 − r for GP
1 1 1 1 1−α 1−β
equation 81x 2 + kx + 256 = 0 is cube = + = +
of the other root, then a value of k 1−α 1 1 −α 1 + 1 α (1 − β) + β (1 − α) α − αβ + β − αβ
1 − − = =
is [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] β β (1 − α) (1 − β) 1 − α − β + αβ
(a) 100 (b) 144 1 1 1 (α + β) − 2αβ
= + Q = sinθ =
(c) −81 (d) −300 1 − cosθ 1 + sinθ β 1 − (α + β) + αβ
1
141 If λ be the ratio of the roots of the On substituting the valueα + β = and
Ans. (d) 15
quadratic equation in x, −2
Given quadratic equation is αβ = from Eqs. (i) and (ii)
3m2 x 2 + m(m − 4) x + 2 = 0, 375
81x 2 + kx + 256 = 0 then the least value of m for which respectively, we get
Let one root be α, then other isα 3 . 1 1 4
256
λ + = 1, is +
k
Now, α + α 3 = − and α ⋅α 3 = λ [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I] = 15 375
81 81 (a) − 2 + 2 (b) 4 − 2 3 1 2
b 1− −
[Qfor ax 2 + bx + c = 0, sum of roots = − (c) 4 − 3 2 (d) 2 − 3 15 375
a 29 29 1
c = = =
and product of roots = ] Ans. (c)
a 375 − 25 − 2 348 12
4 Let the given quadratic equation in x,
α 4 =
4 4 3m2 x 2 + m(m − 4) x + 2 = 0, m ≠ 0 have
⇒ ⇒ α=± 143 The number of integral values of m
3 3 roots α and β, then
m(m − 4) 2 for which the quadratic expression,
∴ k = − 81 (α + α 3 ) = − 81 α (1 + α 2 ) α+β = − and αβ =
4 16 3m2 3m2 (1 + 2m) x 2 − 2(1 + 3m)x + 4(1 + m),
= − 81 ± 1 + = ± 300 α x ∈R, is always positive, is
3 9 Also, let = λ
β [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 45
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) 3 145 The sum of all real values of x Now, consider
Ans. (c) satisfying the equation a 10 − 2a 8 α 10 − β 10 − 2(α 8 − β 8 )
=
(x 2 − 5x + 5) x + 4 x − 60 = 1 is
2
The quadratic expressionax 2 + bx + c, 2a 9 2(α 9 − β 9 )
x ∈ R is always positive, ifa > 0 and D < 0. [JEE Main 2016] α 8 (α 2 − 2) − β 8 (β 2 − 2)
=
So, the quadratic expression (a) 3 (b) − 4 (c) 6 (d) 5 2(α 9 − β 9 )
(1 + 2m) x 2 − 2 (1 + 3m) x + 4(1 + m), x ∈ R Ans. (a) α ⋅ 6α − β 8 ⋅ 6β
8
will be always positive, if 1 + 2m > 0 …(i) =
+ 4 x − 60
2(α 9 − β 9 )
2
Given, (x 2 − 5x + 5) x =1
and
D = 4(1 + 3m) 2 − 4(2m + 1) 4(1 + m) < 0 …(ii) Clearly, this is possible when 6α 9 − 6β 9 6
= = =3
From inequality Eq. (i), we get I. x 2 + 4x − 60 = 0 and x 2 − 5x + 5 ≠ 0 2(α 9 − β 9 ) 2
1 or Method II Since,α and β are the roots of
m> − …(iii) II. x 2 − 5x + 5 = 1
2 the equation
or
x 2 − 6x − 2 = 0 or x 2 = 6x + 2
From inequality Eq. (ii), we get III. x 2 − 5x + 5 = − 1 and x 2 + 4x − 60 =
1 + 9m2 + 6m − 4 (2m2 + 3m + 1) < 0 Even integer ∴ α 2 = 6α + 2
Case I When x 2 + 4x − 60 = 0 ⇒ α 10 = 6α 9 + 2α 8 …(i)
⇒ m2 − 6m − 3 < 0
⇒ x 2 + 10 x − 6x − 60 = 0 Similarly, β 10 = 6β 9 + 2β 8 …(ii)
⇒ [m − (3 + 12)][m − (3 − 12)] < 0
⇒ x (x + 10) − 6(x + 10) = 0 On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
[Qm2 − 6m − 3 = 0
6 ± 36 + 12 ⇒ (x + 10) (x − 6) = 0 α 10 − β 10 = 6(α 9 − β 9 ) + 2(α 8 − β 8 )
⇒ m= = 3 ± 12]
2 ⇒ x = − 10 or x = 6 ⇒ a 10 = 6a 9 + 2a 8 (Qa n = α n − β n )
⇒ 3 − 12 < m < 3 + 12 …(iv) Note that, for these two values of x, a − 2a 8
x 2 − 5x + 5 ≠ 0 ⇒ a 10 − 2a 8 = 6a 9 ⇒ 10 =3
From inequalities Eqs. (iii) and (iv), the 2a 9
Case II When x 2 − 5x + 5 = 1
integral values of mare 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
⇒ x 2 − 5x + 4 = 0
Hence, the number of integral values of 147 If a ∈R and the equation
⇒ x 2 − 4x − x + 4 = 0
m is 7. − 3(x − [x]) 2 + 2(x − [x]) + a 2 = 0
⇒ x (x − 4) − 1 (x − 4) = 0
144 For a positive integer n, if the ⇒ (x − 4) (x − 1) = 0 (where, [x] denotes the greatest
quadratic equation, ⇒ x = 4 or x = 1 integer ≤ x) has no integral solution,
Case III When x 2 − 5x + 5 = − 1 then all possible values of a lie in
x (x + 1) + (x + 1) (x + 2) + ... ⇒ x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0 the interval [JEE Main 2014]
+ (x + n − 1) (x + n) = 10n has two ⇒ x 2 − 2x − 3x + 6 = 0
⇒ x (x − 2) − 3(x − 2) = 0
(a) (−1,0) ∪ (0,1) (b) (1,2)
consecutive integral solutions,
⇒ (x − 2) (x − 3) = 0 (c) (−2, − 1) (d) (− ∞ , − 2) ∪ (2, ∞)
then n is equal to [JEE Main 2016]
(a) 12 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11 ⇒ x = 2 or x = 3 x − [x] = [X] which is a fractional part
Now, when x = 2, x 2 + 4x − 60 function lie between0 ≤ { X } < 1.
Ans. (d) = 4 + 8 − 60 = − 48, which is an even Ans. (a)
Given, quadratic equation is integer.
x (x + 1) + (x + 1)(x + 2) + ...+ (x + n − 1) Here, a ∈ R and equation is
When x = 3, x 2 + 4x − 60
(x + n) = 10 n = 9 + 12 − 60 = − 39, −3 { x − [x]} 2 + 2{ x − [x]} + a 2 = 0
⇒ (x 2 + x 2 + ... + x 2 ) which is not an even integer. Let t = x − [x]
+ [(1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2n − 1)] x Thus, in this case, we get x = 2. 1 ± 1 + 3a 2
∴−3t 2 + 2t + a 2 = 0 ⇒ t =
+ [(1⋅2 + 2⋅3 + ... + (n − 1) n] = 10 n Hence, the sum of all real values of 3
n(n2 − 1) x = − 10 + 6 + 4 + 1 + 2 = 3 Q t = x − [x] = { X }[fractional part]
⇒ nx 2 + n2 x + − 10 n = 0
3 1 ± 1 + 3a 2
n −1
2 146 Let α and β be the roots of ∴ 0≤t≤ 1 ⇒ 0≤ ≤1
⇒ x 2 + nx + − 10 = 0 3
3 equation x 2 − 6x − 2 = 0. If
Taking positive sign
⇒ 3x + 3nx + n − 31 = 0
2 2
a n = α n − β n , for n≥ 1, then the
a − 2a 8 Q [{ x } > 0]
Letα andβ be the roots. Since,α andβ are
value of 10 is equal to 1 ± 1 + 3a 2
consecutive. 2a 9 ∴ 0≤ <1
∴ |α − β | = 1 ⇒ (α − β) 2 = 1 [JEE Main 2015] 3
Again, (α − β) 2 = (α + β) 2 − 4αβ (a) 6 (b) −6 (c) 3 (d) −3 ⇒ 1 + 3a 2 < 2 ⇒ 1 + 3a 2 < 4
2
− 3n n2 − 31 Ans. (c)
⇒ 1= − 4 ⇒ a2 − 1< 0
3 3 Method I
4 ⇒ (a + 1) (a − 1) < 0
⇒ 1 = n2 − (n2 − 31) Given,α and β are the roots of the
+ − +
3 equation x 2 − 6x − 2 = 0.
⇒ 3 = 3n2 − 4n2 + 124 –1 1
Q a n = α n − β n for n≥ 1
⇒ n2 = 121 ⇒ n = ± 11
∴ a 10 = α 10 − β 10 a ∈ (−1, 1)
∴ n = 11 [Qn> 0]
a8 = α8 − β8 ⇒ a9 = α9 − β9 For no integral solution of a, we consider
the interval (−1, 0) ∪ (0, 1).
46 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Note Here, when we figure out the 150 The equation e sin x − e − sin x − 4 = 0 Ans. (a)
non-integral solution, we geta ≠ 0. This
has [AIEEE 2012] Given that p (x) = f (x) − g (x) has only one
implies any interval excluding zero should be
(a) infinite number of real roots root −1.
correct answer as it give either no solution
or no integral solution. (b) no real root ⇒p (x) = (a − a 1 ) x 2 + (b − b 1 ) x + (c − c 1 )
(c) exactly one real root has one root, − 1 only,
148 Let α and β be the roots of (d) exactly four real roots ⇒ p′ (x) will also has root as − 1.
equation px 2 + qx + r = 0, p ≠ 0. If p,q Ans. (b) ⇒ p′ (x) = 0 at x = − 1
1 1
and r are in AP and + = 4, then Given equation is ⇒ 2 (a − a 1 ) x + (b − b 1 ) = 0 at x = − 1
α β e sin x − e − sin x = 4 ⇒ e sin x −
1
=4
sin x ⇒ − 2 (a − a 1 ) + (b − b 1 ) = 0
the value of | α − β | is y = e sin x
e
Now, let − (b − b 1 )
[JEE Main 2014] ⇒ = −2 …(i)
Hence, we get (a − a 1 )
61 2 17 1
(a) (b) y − = 4 ⇒ y 2 − 4y − 1 = 0 Now,
9 9 y p (x) = (a − a 1 ) x 2 + (b − b 1 ) x + (c − c 1 )
34 2 13 4±
16 + 4 p (x) b − b1 (c − c 1 )
(c) (d) ⇒ y= ⇒ y =2± 5 ⇒ = x2 + x+
9 9 2 a − a1 a − a1 a − a1
If ax 2 + bx + c = 0 has roots α and β, then On substituting the value of y, we get Q p (− 1) = 0
−b c
α+β = and αβ = . (b − b 1 ) (c − c 1 )
a a e sin x
=2± 5 ∴ 0 = (− 1) 2 − +
a − a1 a − a1
Ans. (d) Now, since sine is a bounded function, (c − c 1 )
Since,α and β are roots of i.e., −1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1. Hence, we get ⇒ 0 = 1−2+ [using Eq. (i)]
a − a1
px 2 + qx + r = 0, p ≠ 0.
e −1 ≤ e sin x ≤ e ⇒ e sin x ∈ , e
1 c − c1
−q r e ⇒ =1 …(ii)
∴ α+β = ,αβ = a − a1
p p
Also, it is obvious that2 + 5 > e
Also, given that p (− 2) = 2
Since, p, q and r are in AP.
and 2 − 5 < ⋅ ⇒ 2 ± 5 ∉ , e
1 1 ⇒4 (a − a 1) − 2 (b − b 1) + (c − c 1 ) = 2 …(iii)
∴ 2q = p + r e e
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we have
1 1 α+β
Also, + =4 ⇒ =4 So, e sin x = 2 + 5 is not possible for any 4 (a − a 1) − 4 (a − a 1) + (a − a 1) = 2
α β αβ
x ∈ R and e sin x = 2 − 5 is also not ⇒ a −a 1 =2
− q 4r
⇒ α + β = 4αβ ⇒ = possible for any x ∈ R. On substitutinga − a 1 = 2 in Eq. (ii), we
p p
Q 2q = p + r Hence, we can say that the given get
⇒ 2(−4r) = p + r ⇒ p = −9 r equation has no solution. c − c1 = 2
− q 4r 4r 4 On substitutinga − a 1 = 2 in Eq. (i), we get
Q α+β = = = =− 151 Let α, β be real and z be a complex
P p −9r 9 b − b1 = 4
r r 1
number. If z 2 + αz + β = 0 has two Now, p (2) = 4 (a − a 1) + 2 (b − b 1) + (c − c 1)
and αβ = = = distinct roots on the line Re z = 1,
p −9r −9 =4×2+ 2×4+ 2
then it is necessary that = 8 + 8 + 2 = 18
∴ (α − β)2 = (α + β) 2 − 4αβ [AIEEE 2011]
16 4 16 + 36 (a) β ∈ (−1, 0) (b) |β | = 1
= + = 153 Sachin and Rahul attempted to
81 9 81 (c) β ∈ [1, ∞) (d) β ∈(0, 1) solve a quadratic equation. Sachin
52 2 Ans. (c) made a mistake in writing down the
⇒ (α − β) =
2
⇒ |α − β | = 13
81 3 constant term and ended up in
Let z = x + iy, given Re(z) = 1
∴ x = 1 ⇒ z = 1 + iy roots (4, 3). Rahul made a mistake
149 The real number k for which the
in writing down coefficient of x to
equation, 2x 3 + 3x + k = 0 has two Since, the complex roots are conjugate of
each other. get roots (3, 2). The correct roots
distinct real roots in [0, 1]
[JEE Main 2013] ∴ z = 1 + iy and 1 − iy are two roots of of equation are [AIEEE 2011]
(a) lies between 1 and 2 z 2 + αz + β = 0 (a) − 4, − 3 (b) 6, 1
(b) lies between 2 and 3 Product of roots = β (c) 4, 3 (d) − 6, − 1
(c) lies between − 1 and 0 ⇒ (1 + iy) (1 − iy) = β Ans. (b)
(d) does not exist ∴ β = 1 + y 2 ≥ 1 ⇒ β ∈ [1, ∞) Let the quadratic equation be
Ans. (d) ax 2 + bx + c = 0
152 Let for a ≠ a 1 ≠ 0, f (x) = ax 2 + bx + c,
Let f (x) = 2x 3 + 3x + k Sachin made a mistake in writing down
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get g (x) = a 1 x 2 + b 1 x + c 1 and constant terms.
f ′(x) = 6x 2 + 3 > 0, ∀ x ∈ R
p(x) = f (x) − g (x). If p (x) = 0 only for So, sum of roots is correct.
x = − 1 and p(− 2) = 2 , then the value i.e., α+β=7
Thus, f (x) is strictly increasing function.
of p(2) is [AIEEE 2011] Rahul made mistake in writing down
Hence,f (x) = 0 has only one real root, so
two roots are not possible. (a) 18 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 6 coefficient of x.
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 47
So, product of roots is correct. Ans. (a) x 2 − 2mx + m2 − 1 = 0
i.e., αβ = 6 Let α and β be the roots of equation ⇒ x 2 − 2mx + m2 = 1
Correct quadratic equation is x 2 + ax + 1 = 0, then ⇒ (x − m) 2 = 1
x 2 − (α + β) x + αβ = 0 α + β = − a and αβ = 1 ⇒ x − m = ±1
x − 7 x + 6 = 0 having roots 1 and 6.
2
Now, |α − β | = (α + β) 2 − 4αβ ⇒ x = m± 1
Since, it is given that the roots of the
⇒ |α − β | = a 2 − 4
154 If α and β are roots of equation equation are greater than −2 but less
x 2 − x + 1 = 0, then α 2009 + β 2009 is According to given condition, than 4.
equal to [AIEEE 2010] a2 − 4 < 5 ⇒ a2 − 4< 5 ∴ −2 < x < 4 ⇒ −2 < m ± 1 < 4
(a) – 2 (b) – 1 (c) 1 (d) 2 ⇒ a 2 < 9 ⇒ |a | < 3 ⇒ −2 < m + 1 < 4 and −2 < m − 1 < 4
⇒ a ∈ (− 3, 3) ⇒ −3 < m < 3 and −1 < m < 5
Ans. (c)
⇒ −1 < m < 3
Since,α and β are roots of the equation 157 All the values of m for which both
x 2 − x + 1 = 0. roots of the equation 158 The value of a for which the sum of
1± 3i
⇒ α + β = 1, αβ = 1 ⇒ x = x 2 − 2mx + m2 − 1 = 0 are greater the squares of the roots of the
2
than –2 but less than 4 lie in the equation x 2 − (a − 2) x − a − 1 = 0
1+ 3i 1− 3i
⇒ x= or interval [AIEEE 2006] assume the least value is
2 2
(a) m > 3 (b) −1 < m < 3 [AIEEE 2005]
⇒ x = −ω or −ω2
Thus, α = − ω2 (c) 1 < m < 4 (d) −2 < m < 0 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 1
Then,β = − ω or α = − ω, then β = − ω2 Ans. (b) Ans. (d)
[where, ω3 = 1] Since, both roots of equation Let α and β be the roots of equation
Hence,α 2009 + β 2009 = (− ω) 2009 + (− ω2 ) 2009 x 2 − 2mx + m2 − 1 = 0 are greater than –2 x 2 − (a − 2) x − a − 1 = 0
= − [(ω3 ) 669 ⋅ω2 + (ω3 ) 1337 ⋅ω] but less than 4. Then, α + β = a − 2 and αβ = − a − 1
b
= − [ω2 + ω] = − (−1) = 1 ∴ D ≥ 0, −2 < − < 4, Now, α 2 + β 2 = (α + β) 2 − 2αβ
2a
⇒ α 2 + β 2 = (a − 2) 2 + 2(a + 1)
155 If the roots of the equation f(4) > 0 and f(−2) > 0 ⇒ α 2 + β 2 = a 2 − 2a + 6
bx 2 + cx + a = 0 is imaginary, then Now, D ≥ 0; 4m2 − 4m2 + 4 ≥ 0 ⇒ α 2 + β 2 = (a − 1) 2 + 5
for all real values of x, the Y The value of α 2 + β 2 will be least, if
expression 3b2 x 2 + 6bcx + 2 c 2 is 0 a − 1 = 0. ⇒ a = 1
[AIEEE 2009] + 5=
B x–y
Alternate Solution
(a) greater than 4ab
(–5,0)O Since, α + β = (a − 2) and αβ = − a − 1
(b) less than 4ab X' X
(c) greater than − 4ab O Let f (a) = α 2 + β 2 = (α + β) 2 − 2 αβ
C (–1,0)
(d) less than − 4ab = (a − 2) 2 + 2 (a + 1)
A
Ans. (c) = a 2 − 2a + 6
Y' ⇒ f ′ (a) = 2a − 2
Given bx 2 + cx + a = 0 has imaginary
roots. For maxima or minima, putf ′ (a) = 0.
⇒ 4 > 0, ∀ m ∈ R …(i)
⇒ c 2 − 4ab < 0 ⇒ c 2 < 4ab ∴ 2a − 2 = 0 ⇒ a = 1
b 2m
−2 < − < 4 ⇒ −2 < <4 Now, f ′ ′ (a) = 2
⇒ − c 2 > − 4ab …(i) 2a 2⋅ 1
Let f (x) = 3b 2 x 2 + 6bcx + 2 c 2 ⇒ f′ ′ (1) = 2 > 0
⇒ −2 < m < 4 …(ii)
Here, 3b 2 > 0 So, f (a) is minimum ata = 1.
f(4) > 0
So, the given expression has a minimum
value. ⇒ 16 − 8m + m2 − 1 > 0 159 If the roots of the equation
∴ Minimum value =
−D ⇒ m2 − 8m + 15 > 0 x 2 − bx + c = 0 is two consecutive
4a ⇒ (m − 3)(m − 5) > 0 integers, then b2 − 4c equal to
4ac − b 2 4(3b 2 ) (2 c 2 ) − 36b 2 c 2 ⇒ −∞ < m < 3 and 5 < m < ∞ [AIEEE 2005]
= = …(iii)
4a 4(3b 2 ) and f(−2) > 0 (a) 1 (b) 2
2 2
12b c (c) 3 (d) –2
=− = − c 2 > − 4ab [from Eq. (i)] ⇒ 4 + 4m + m2 − 1 > 0
12b 2 Ans. (a)
⇒ m2 + 4m + 3 > 0
Let n and (n + 1) be the two consecutive
156 If the difference between the roots ⇒ (m + 3)(m + 1) > 0
roots of x 2 − bx + c = 0.Then,
of the equation x 2 + ax + 1 = 0 is less ⇒ −∞ < m < − 3 and −1 < m < ∞ …(iv) n + (n + 1) = b
than 5, then the set of possible From Eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get m lie and n(n + 1) = c.
values of a is [AIEEE 2007] between –1 and 3. ∴ b 2 − 4 c = (2n + 1) 2 − 4n(n + 1)
(a) (− 3, 3) (b) (− 3, ∞) = 4n2 + 4n + 1 − 4n2 − 4n = 1
Alternate Solution
(c) (3, ∞) (d) (− ∞, − 3) The given equation is
48 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
160 If both the roots of the quadratic ⇒ (1 − p) 2 = 0 ⇒p = 1 1 1 α2 + β2
Also given, α + β = + 2 =
equation x 2 − 2 kx + k 2 + k − 5 = 0 On putting this value in Eq. (i), we get α 2
β α 2β 2
are less than 5, then k lies in the x 2 + x = 0 ⇒ x = 0, − 1 α + β 2
2
⇒ α+β= −
interval [AIEEE 2005] αβ αβ
163 If one root of the equation
(a) [4, 5] (b) (−∞, 4) x 2 + px + 12 = 0 is 4, while the 2
b −b/a 2
(c) (6, ∞) (d) (5, 6] equation x 2 + px + q = 0 has equal ⇒ − = −
a c /a c/a
Ans. (b) roots, then the value of q is 2
Let f (x) = x 2 − 2 kx + k 2 + k − 5 b b 2a
[AIEEE 2004] ⇒ − = −
Since, both roots are less than 5. Then, (a)
49
(b) 12 (c) 3 (d) 4 a c c
b 4 2a b b c
D ≥ 0, − < 5 and f(5) > 0 Ans. (a) ⇒ = +
2a c c c a
Since, one of the roots of equation
Now, D = 4k 2 − 4(k 2 + k − 5) x 2 + px + 12 = 0 is 4. 2a b c
⇒ = +
= − 4k + 20 ≥ 0 ∴ 16 + 4p + 12 = 0 b c a
⇒ k≤ 5 …(i) ⇒ 4p = − 28 ⇒ p = − 7 c a b
b Since, , and are in AP.
− < 5 ⇒ k< 5 …(ii) So, the other equation is x 2 − 7 x + q = 0 a b c
2a whose roots are equal. Let the roots beα a b c
and f(5) > 0 and α. Hence, , and are in HP.
7 7 c a b
⇒ 25 − 10 k + k 2 + k − 5 > 0 ∴ Sum of roots = α + α = ⇒ α =
⇒ k 2 − 9k + 20 > 0 1 2
166 The number of the real solutions of
⇒ (k − 5)(k − 4) > 0 And product of roots = α ⋅ α = q
2 the equation x 2 − 3| x | + 2 = 0 is
⇒ k < 4 and k > 5 …(iii) 7 49
⇒ =q ∴ q = [AIEEE 2003]
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get 2 4 (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 3
k<4
164 Let two numbers have arithmetic Ans. (b)
161 If the equation mean 9 and geometric mean 4. Given equation is
a n x n + a n − 1 x n − 1 + . . . + a 1 x = 0, Then, these numbers are the roots x2 − 3 | x | + 2 = 0
a 1 ≠ 0, n ≥ 2, has a positive root x = α, of the quadratic equation Case I When x > 0, then | x | = x
then the equation na n x n − 1 + (n − 1) [AIEEE 2004] ∴ x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0
a n − 1 x n − 2 + . . . + a 1 = 0 has a positive (a) x 2 + 18 x + 16 = 0 ⇒ (x − 1)(x − 2) = 0
root, which is [AIEEE 2005] (b) x 2 − 18 x + 16 = 0 ⇒ x = 1, 2
(a) equal to α (c) x 2 + 18 x − 16 = 0 Case II When x < 0, then | x | = − x
(b) greater than or equal to α (d) x 2 − 18 x − 16 = 0 ∴ x 2 + 3x + 2 = 0
(c) smaller than α Ans. (b) ⇒ (x + 1)(x + 2) = 0
(d) greater than α Let α and β be two numbers whose ⇒ x = − 1, − 2
arithmetic mean is 9 and geometric Hence, four solutions are possible.
Ans. (c)
mean is 4.
Let ∴ α + β = 18 and αβ = 16
167 The value of ‘a’ for which one root
f (x) = a n x n + a n − 1 x n − 1 + ... + a 1 x = 0 …(i) ∴ Required equation of the quadratic equation
f(0) = 0 and f(α) = 0 x 2 − (α + β) x + (αβ) = 0 (a 2 − 5a + 3) x 2 + (3a − 1) x + 2 = 0
According to the Rolle’s theorem, ⇒ x 2 − 18x + 16 = 0
is twice as large as the other, is
f ′ (x) = 0 [AIEEE 2003]
has atleast one root between (0, α).
165 If the sum of the roots of the
(a) 2/3 (b) –2/3
quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0
So,f ′ (x) = 0 has a positive root less thanα. (c) 1/3 (d) –1/3
is equal to the sum of the squares
162 If (1 − p) is a root of quadratic a b c
of their reciprocals, then , and Ans. (a)
equation x 2 + px + (1 − p) = 0, then its c a b
are in [AIEEE 2003] Since, one root of the quadratic equation
roots are [AIEEE 2004]
(a 2 − 5a + 3) x 2 + (3a − 1) x + 2 = 0 is twice
(a) arithmetic progression
(a) 0, 1 (b) –1, 1 as large as the other, then let their roots
(c) 0, –1 (d) –1, 2 (b) geometric progression
be α and 2α.
(c) harmonic progression
Ans. (c) (3a − 1)
(d) arithmetic-geometric progression ∴ α + 2α = − 2
Since, (1 − p) is a root of quadratic (a − 5a + 3)
equation
Ans. (c)
(3a − 1)
Given equation isax 2 + bx + c = 0. ⇒ 3α = − 2
x 2 + px + (1 − p) = 0 …(i) (a − 5a + 3)
So, (1 − p) satisfied the above equation. Let α and β be the roots of the equation.
2
b c and α ⋅2α = 2
∴ (1 − p) 2 + p (1 − p) + (1 − p) = 0 Then, α + β = − and αβ = (a − 5a + 3)
⇒ (1 − p)(1 − p + p + 1) = 0 a a
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations 49
c ∈ , 24
2 Now, D = b 2 − 4ac = (−7) 2 − 4 × 2 × 5 49
⇒ 2α 2 = ⇒ …(ii)
(a − 5a + 3)
2
= 49 − 40 = 9 > 0 4
(3a − 1) 2 1 Hence, it has two real roots. From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ =
9 (a − 5a + 3) 2 (a 2 − 5a + 3) c ∈ , 24
2 49
4
⇒ (3a − 1) 2 = 9(a 2 − 5a + 3) TOPIC 5
⇒ 9a − 6a + 1 = 9a 2 − 45a + 27
2 ∴Integral values of c are 13, 14, ……, 23.
⇒ 45a − 6a = 27 − 1
Conditions for Common Thus, 11 integral values of c are possible.
26 2
Roots and Position of Roots
⇒ a= = 171 If the equations x 2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and
39 3
170 Consider the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0; a, b, c ∈R, have a
168 If α ≠ β and α = 5α − 3,β = 5β − 3,
2 2 (c − 5) x 2 − 2cx + (c − 4) = 0, c ≠ 5. Let common root, then a : b : c is equal
S be the set of all integral values of to [JEE Main 2013]
then the equation having α/β and
c for which one root of the (a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 : 1
β/α as its roots, is [AIEEE 2002]
equation lies in the interval (0, 2) (c) 1 : 3 : 2 (d) 3 : 1 : 2
(a) 3x + 19 x + 3 = 0
2
and its other root lies in the interval
(b) 3x 2 − 19 x + 3 = 0 (2, 3). Then, the number of Ans. (a)
(c) 3x 2 − 19 x − 3 = 0 elements in S is Given equations are
(d) x 2 − 16 x + 1 = 0 [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] x 2 + 2x + 3 = 0 …(i)
Ans. (b) (a) 11 (b) 10 and ax 2 + bx + c = 0 …(ii)
Given α 2 = 5α − 3 (c) 12 (d) 18 Since, Eq. (i) has imaginary roots.
⇒ α 2 − 5α + 3 = 0 Ans. (a) So, Eq. (ii) will also have both roots same
as Eq. (i).
and β2 = 5 β − 3 Let f (x) = (c − 5) x 2 − 2 cx + (c − 4) = 0. a b c
⇒ β − 5β + 3 = 0
2
Then, according to problem, the graph of Thus, = =
1 2 3
These two equations shows thatα and β y = f (x) will be either of the two ways,
Hence,a :b : c is 1 :2 :3.
are the roots of the equation shown below.
x 2 − 5x + 3 = 0.
172 The quadratic equations
∴ α + β = 5 and αβ = 3
x 2 − 6x + a = 0
α β α2 + β2
Now, + = and x2 − c x + 6 = 0
β α αβ O 2 3
(α + β) 2 − 2 αβ
have one root in common. The
= other roots of the first and second
αβ
25 − 6 19 O
equations are integers in the ratio
= = 2 3
4 : 3. Then, the common root is
3 3
[AIEEE 2008]
α β
and ⋅ =1 (a) 2 (b) 1
β α In both cases f (0) ⋅f (2) < 0 and f (2)f (3) < 0
(c) 4 (d) 3
α β Now, consider f (0)f (2) < 0
Thus, the equation having roots and Ans. (a)
β α ⇒ (c − 4) [4 (c − 5) − 4c + (c − 4)] < 0
is given by ⇒ (c − 4) (c − 24) < 0 Let the roots of x 2 − 6x + a = 0 be α,4β
α β α β ⇒ c ∈(4, 24) … (i) and that of x 2 − cx + 6 = 0 be α and 3β.
x2 − + x + ⋅ = 0
β α β α ∴ α + 4β = 6 and 4αβ = a
19 and α + 3β = c and 3αβ = 6
⇒ x2 − x + 1=0 O Q a 4
3 P ⇒ = ⇒ a=8
(0, 2) (9√2, 2) 6 3
⇒ 3x − 19x + 3 = 0
2
∴ x 2 − 6x + 8 = 0
169 The number of real roots of ⇒ (x − 4)(x − 2) = 0
Similarly,f (2) ⋅ f (3) < 0
32 x − 7 x + 7 = 9 is ⇒ x = 2, 4
2
[AIEEE 2002] ⇒ [4 (c − 5) − 4c + (c − 4)]
and x 2 − cx + 6 = 0
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 4 [9(c − 5) − 6c + (c − 4)] < 0
⇒ 22 − 2 c + 6 = 0
Ans. (b) ⇒ (c − 24) (4c − 49) < 0
⇒ c=5
− 7x + 7
∴ x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0
2
Given that, 32 x = 32
–∞ ∞ ⇒ x = 2, 3
–4 2 4 5 29/5
⇒ 2x 2 − 7 x + 7 = 2 Hence, common root is 2.
⇒ 2x 2 − 7 x + 5 = 0
50 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
03
Matrices and
Determinants
0 2 1 0 0
02 If the matrix A = satisfies
TOPIC 1 K − 1 03 Let A = 0 1 1 . Then
A (A 3 + 3I ) = 2 I, then the value of 1 0 0
Algebra of Matrices, Types
of Matrices and Transpose K is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] A2025 − A2020 is equal to
1 1
of Matrices (a) (b) − [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
2 2 (a) A 6 − A (b) A 5
01 The number of elements in the set (c) − 1 (d) 1 (c) A − A
5
(d) A6
Ans. (a)
a b Ans. (a)
A = 0 d : a, b and d ∈ {− 1, 0, 1} Given matrix, 1 0 0
, 0 2
A = A = 0 1 1
− 1
and(I − A) = I − A
3 3
K 1 0 0
where I is 2 × 2 identity matrix, is Characteristic equation of A is
Now,
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
| A − λI | = 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
−λ 2
Ans. (8) ⇒ =0 A2 = 0 1 1 0 1 1 = 1 1 1
(I − A) 3 = I − A 3 K − 1− λ 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
⇒ I − A − 3A + 3A 2 = I − A 3
3 ⇒ λ( 1 + λ) − 2k = 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
⇒ 3A 2 − 3A = 0 ⇒ λ2 + λ − 2k = 0
A3 = 1 1 1 0 1 1 = 2 1 1
⇒ 3 A ( A − I) = 0 QEvery square matrix satisfied its own
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
characteristic equation.
⇒ A2 = A
a b a b a b ∴ A 2 + A − 2KI = 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 d 0 d = 0 d ⇒ A 2 = 2KI − A
A = 2 1 1
0 1 1 = 3 1 1
4
⇒ A = 4K I + A 2 − 2(2KI)(A)
4 2
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
a 2 ab + bd a b
⇒ = ⇒ A 4 = 4K 2 I + 2KI − A − 4KA
0 d 2 0 d ⇒ A 4 = (4K 2 + 2K )I − ( 1 + 4K ) A …(i)
M M M
⇒ a = a ⇒a = 0, 1
2
Now, A (A 3 + 3I ) = 2I
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
d 2 = d ⇒ d = 0, 1 ⇒ A 4 = 2I − 3A .... (ii)
An = n −2 1 1 0 1 1 =
n − 1 1 1
b (a + d) = b ⇒b = 0,a + d = 1 Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 1
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0
If b = 0 ⇒(a, d) ≡ (1, 0) (0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1) 1 + 4K = 3
1 1 0 0 1 0 0
If a + d = 1 ⇒(1, 0), (0, 1) and b = ± 1 ⇒ K=
2 A 2025 − A 2020 = 2024 1 1 − 2019 1 1
Total = 4 + 4 = 8 ways 1
0 0 1 0 0
Matrices and Determinants 51
0 0 0 05 Let the sum of all the entries of the
= 5 0 0 0 i a b a b
n
matrix A3 is equal to
0 0 0 =
S = n ∈ N 1 0 c d c d
[2021, 22 July Shift-II]
Now,
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (c) 9
A6 − A = 5 1 1 − 0 1 1 = 5 0 0 ∀a, b, c, d ∈R Ans. (c)
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 , where i = −1. Then the number of a 11 a 12 a 13
2-digit numbers in the set S is a a 22 a 23 = A
∴A 2025
−A 2020
=A −A
6
21
……… . [2021, 25 July Shift-I] a 31 a 32 a 33
1 1 1 Ans. (11)
04 If A = 0 1 1 and a b 0 i
n
Sum of elements of each row is 1.
Let X = and A = 1
0 0 1 c d 1 0 Let X be 1.
M = A + A2 + A3 +……+ A20 , then the ⇒ AX = IX 1
sum of all the elements of the A =I
a 11 a 12 a 13 1
matrix M is equal to …………… . 0 i 0 i i 0
A2 = = Then, AX = a 21 a 22 a 23 1
[2021, 27 July Shift-II] 1 0 1 0 0 i
Ans. (2020) a 31 a 32 a 33 1
1 0
⇒ A =i
1 1 1 0 1 a 11 + a 12 + a 13 1
We have, A = 0 1 1 AX = a 21 + a 22 + a 23 = 1
⇒ A =i I =I
8 4
0 0 1 ∴ n= 8 a 31 + a 32 + a 33 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 ⇒n is a multiple of 8. AX = X
A 2 = 0 1 1 0 1 1 = 0 1 2 16, 24, …… 96
Replace X with AX.
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 96 − 16
Number of elements = + 1 = 11 A ⋅ AX = AX ⇒ A 2 X = X
8
1 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 6 Again, replace X with AX,
1 0
A 3 = 0 1 2 0 1 1 = 0 1 3 06 If P = 50 A 2 (AX) = AX
, then P is
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 / 2 1 [2021, 25 July Shift-II] A3 X = X
a ′11 a ′12 a ′13
M 1 0 1 50
1 n ∑ n (a) (b) Let A 3 = a ′21 a ′22 a ′23
A n = 0 1 n 25 1 0 1 a ′31 a ′32 a ′33
0 0 1 1 25 1 0
(c) (d) Then,
Now, M = A + A + A + …+
2 3
A 20 0 1 50 1 a ′11 a ′12 a ′13 1
1 1 1 1 2 3 Ans. (a) A 3 X = a ′21 a ′22 a ′23 1
= 0 1 1 + 0 1 2 + 1 0 a ′31 a ′32 a ′33 1
Given, P = 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 a ′11 + a ′12 + a ′13 1
2
1 n ∑ n 1 0 1 0 1 0 A 3 X = a ′21 + a ′22 + a ′23 = 1
… + 0 1 n ⇒ P2 = 1 1 1 1 = a ′31 + a ′32 + a ′33 1
2 2 1 1
0 0 1
So, a ′11 + a ′12 + a ′13 = 1
20 ∑ n ∑ (∑ r) 1 0 11 0 31 0 a ′21 + a ′22 + a ′23 = 1
⇒ P = 3
1 = 1
= 0 20 ∑n
1 1 2 2 a ′31 + a ′32 + a ′33 = 1
0 0 20 ∴ Sum = 3
1 0 1 0 1 0
⇒ P4 = = 0 1 0
20
20 × 21
Now, ∑ n = 1 + 2 + … + 20 = = 210 1 1 1 1 2 1
r =1 2 M 08 Let A = 1 0 0. Then, the
20 20
r (r + 1) 1 20 2
∑ (∑ r) = ∑ 2 = 2 ∑ (r + r) 1 0
⇒ Pn = n 1
0 0 1
r =1 r =1 r =1
1 20 × 21 × 41 20 × 21 2 number of 3 × 3 matrices B with
= + entries from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
2 6 2 1 0
Hence, P 50 = and satisfying AB = BA is ……… .
1
= [2870 + 210] = 1540 25 1 [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
2 07 Let A = [a ij ] be a real matrix of Ans. (3125)
20 210 1540
Hence, M = 0 20 210
order 3 × 3, such that 0 1 0 a1 a2 a3
a i 1 + a i 2 + a i 3 = 1, for i = 1, 2, 3. Then, A = 1 0 0 B = b1 a1 b3
0 0 20 0 0 1 c
1 c2 c 3
Sum of all elements = 2020.
52 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
AB = BA n2 − n 11 Let I be an identity matrix of order
1 −n
b1 b2 b3 a2 a1 a3 2 2 −1
2 × 2 and P =
⇒ A = 0 1 −n . Then the
n
a1 a2 a3 = b2 b 1 b3
c c c 3 c 2 c 1 c 3
0 0 1 5 −3
1
2
value of n ∈ N for which P n = 5I − 8P
b 1 = a 2 a 1 = b 2 c 1 = c 2 is equal to ………….
20 × 19 7 × 6
∴ b 13 = 7 − 20 + 2(0)
b 2 = a 1 a 2 = b 1 c 2 = c 1 2 2 [2021, 18 March Shift-II]
b = a a = b c = c Ans. (6)
3 3 3 3 3 3 ⇒ b 13 = 1330 − 420 = 910
a1 a2 a3 Method (1)
1 2 0 2 − 1
B = a2
10 Let A + 2B = 6 −3 3 and
a1 a3 Given, P =
c c 2 c 3 5 − 3
1
−5 3 1 5 0 16 −8
Number of distinct elements in B is 5 Now, P n = 5I − 8P = −
{a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , c 1 , c 3 } 2 −1 5 0 5 40 −24
−11 8
and according to question, 2A − B = 2 −1 6. IfTr (A) denotes ⇒ Pn = … (i)
a ij ∈{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. 0 1 2 −40 29
2 − 1 2 − 1
So, number of matrices the sum of all diagonal elements of Now, P 2 =
5 −3 5 −3
= 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 3125 the matrix A, thenTr (A) − Tr (B)
−1 1
1 −1 0 has value equal to =
4
[2021, 18 March Shift-I] −5
09 Let A = 0 1 −1 and 3 −2
0 0 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 Again P 3 = P ⋅ P 2 =
(c) 0 (d) 3 10 −7
B = 7 A20 − 20A 7 + 21, where I is an Ans. (b) Now,
identity matrix of order 3 × 3 . If 1 2 0 3 −2 3 −2
P6 = P3 ⋅ P3 =
B = [bij ], then b 13 is equal to ……… .
Given, A + 2B = 6 −3 3 …(i) 10 −7 10 −7
[2021, 20 July Shift-I]
−5 3 1 −11 8
⇒ P6 = = P [from Eq. (i)]
n
Ans. (910) −40 29
2 − 1 5
1 −1 0
and 2A − B = 2 − 1 6 …(ii) ∴ n=6
A = 0 1 − 1
0 1 2 Method (2)
0 0 1
2 − 1
Multiply with 2 in Eq. (ii), we get Given P =
B = 7 A 20 − 20 A 7 + 2I 5 − 3
4 − 2 10
1 −1 0 1 −1 0 Characteristics equation is | P − λI | = 0
4A − 2B = 4 − 2 12 …(iii)
∴ A 2 = A ⋅ A = 0 1 − 1 0 1 − 1 2− λ −1
0 2 4 =0
0 0 1 5 −3 − λ
1 0 0
Adding Eqs. (i) and (iii),
1 −2 1 ⇒ (2 − λ) (− 3 − λ) + 5 = 0
5 0 10
⇒ A 2 = 0 1 − 2 ⇒ λ2 + λ − 1 = 0
5A = 10 −5 15
0 0
1 −5 5 5
By Cayley-Hamilton Theorem,
P2 + P − I = 0
1 −2 1 1 − 1 0 1 0 2 ⇒ P2 = I − P … (i)
A = A ⋅ A = 0 1 − 2 0 1 − 1 A = 2 −1 3
3 2
∴ ⇒ P + P −P =0
3 2
0 0
1 0 0 1 − 1 1 1 ⇒ P 3 = P − P 2 = P − (I − P) [from Eq. (i)]
∴Tr (A) = 1 − 1 + 1= 1 ⇒ P 3 = 2P − I
1 −3 3 From Eq. (i), Now, P ⋅ P 3 = P (2P − I)
= 0 1 − 3 1 2 0 1 0 2 ⇒P = 2P − P = 2(I − P) − P [from Eq. (i)]
4 2
0 0 1 1
B = 6 − 3 3 − 2 − 1 3 ⇒ P 4 = − 3P + 2I
2 Again, P ⋅ (P ) = P (− 3P + 2I)
4
1 −3 3 1 − 1 0 −5 3 1 −1 1 1
⇒ P 5 = − 3P 2 + 2P
A 4 = A 3 A = 0 1 − 3 0 1 − 1 0 1 −1
= − 3(I − P) + 2P [from Eq. (i)]
0 0
1 0 0 1 = 2 −1 0
= 5P − 3I
1 −4 6 −2 1 0 and P (P 5 ) = P (5 P − 3I )
⇒ A 4 = 0 1 − 4 ∴Tr (B) = 0 − 1 + 0 = − 1 ⇒ P 6 = 5P 2 − 3P = 5(I − P) − 3P
0 0 1
Hence, Tr (A) − Tr (B) = 1 − (−1) = 2 ⇒ p6 = 5I − 8P = P n (given)
∴ n=6
Matrices and Determinants 53
Ans. (766) 1 b1 − b2
i − i XB =
12 Let A = , i = −1. Then, the Set S : {0, 1, 2, 3} 3 b 1 + kb 2
− i i a 1 a 2 a 3 As, A = XB
system of linear equations Let A = b 1 b 2 b 3 a1 1 b1 − b2
x 8 c 1 c 2 c 3
So, a =
A 8 = has 2 3 b 1 + kb 2
y 64 a1 b1 c 1 3a 1 = b 1 − b 2 … (i)
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] AT = a 2 b 2 c 2
3a 2 = b 1 + kb 2 … (ii)
(a) a unique solution. a 3 b 3 c 3
2 2
(b) infinitely many solutions. And as given,a 12 + a 22 = (b 1 + b 22 )
a⋅ a a⋅b a⋅ c 3
(c) no solution . AAT = b⋅ a b⋅b b⋅ c Adding, Eq.(i) 2 + Eq. (ii) 2 ,
(d) exactly two solutions .
c⋅ a c⋅b c⋅ c 3a 12 + 3a 22 = (b 1 − b 2 ) 2 + (b 1 + kb 2 ) 2
Ans. (c)
where a = a $i + a $j + a k$ ⇒ 2(b 12 + b 22 )
i − i 1 2 3
Let A = = 2b 12 + b 22 (k 2 + 1) + 2b 1b 2 (k − 1)
− i i b = b 1 $i + b 2 $j + b 3k$
⇒ b 22 (k 2 + 1 − 2) + 2b 1b 2 (k − 1) = 0
i − i i − i c = c $i + c $j + c k$ ⇒ (k − 1) [b 22 (k + 1) + 2b 1b 2 ] = 0
A2 = A⋅ A =
1 2 3
− i i − i i Now, as per question So, k=1
i2 + i2 − i2 − i2 a⋅ a + b⋅b + c⋅ c = 9 1 0 0
= 2 2
− i − i i2 + i2 ⇒ (a 12 + a 22 + a 32 ) + (b 12 + b 22 + b 32 )
+ (c 12 + c 22 + c 32 ) = 9 15 If the matrix A = 0 2 0 satisfies
− 2 2
= [a i , b i , c i ∈ S ] 3 0 −1
2 − 2 9 = (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1)
A4 = A2 ⋅ A2
the equation
or 9 = (1 + 4 + 4 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0) 0 0
1
− 2 2 − 2 2 or 9 = (9 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0)
=
2 − 2 2 − 2
A + αA + βA = 0
20 19
4 0 for some
or 9 = (4 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 0)
4 + 4 − 4 − 4 8 − 8 Total permutations in case 1 = 1 0 1
0
= =
− 4 − 4 4 + 4 − 8 8 Total permutations in case 2 =
9!
= 252 real numbers α and β, then β − α is
Similarly, A 8 = A 4 ⋅ A 4 6!2! equal to ______.
8 − 8 8 − 8 9!
In case 3 = = 9 [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
= 8!
− 8 8 − 8 8 Ans. (4)
9!
64 + 64 − 64 − 64 In case 4 = = 504 1 0 0
=
5!3!
A = 0 2 0
− 64 − 64 64 + 64 Total permutations = 1 + 252 + 9 + 504
128 − 128 3 0 −1
= = 766
1 0 0 1 0 0
− 128 128
a b A 2 = 0 2 0 0 2 0
x 8
Now, A 8 =
14 Let A = 1 and a = 1 be two 2 × 1
y 64 a 2 b2 3 0 −1 3 0 −1
128 − 128 x 8 matrices with real entries such that 1 0 0
− 128 128 y = 64 = 0 4 0
1 1 −1
A = XB, where X = and 0 0 1
128x − 128y = 8 3 1 k
⇒ x−y =
1
…(i) 2 1 0 0
16 k ∈R. If a 21 + a 22 = (b21 + b22 ) and A 3 = 0 8 0
3
and − 128x + 128y = 64 3 0 −1
1 (k 2 + 1)b22 ≠ −2b 1b2 , then the value
⇒ x−y = − …(ii) of k is ……… . 1 0 0
2
[2021, 16 March Shift-II] A 4 = 0 16 0
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Ans. (1) 0 0 1
these two lines are parallel.
a b And so on,
So, there will be no solution. A = 1 and B = 1
a
2 b 2 1 0 0
13 The total number of 3 × 3 matrices A = XB A 19 = 0 219 0
A having entries from the set (0, 1,
1 − 1
1 3 0 −1
2, 3), such that the sum of all the X= 1 k
3 1 0 0
diagonal entries of AAT is 9, is
1 1 − 1 b 1 A = 0 220 0
20
equal to ……… . XB =
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] 3 1 k b 2 0 0 1
54 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
So, A 20 + αA 19 + βA Thus, only acceptable matrices are as Case I When 7 − 1’s are there and2 − 0’s
1 + α + β 0 0 follows are there.
= 0 220 + α219 + 2β 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 − 1 0 ⇒ 9 C 7 × 2 C 2 = 36 ways of
A=
3α + 2β 1 −`α − β , , , arrangements.
0 0 1 0 − 1 0 0 0 0
Case II When 1 − 2 is there,3 − 1’s and 5 − 0’s
1 0 0 Then possible number of such matrices are there.
= 0 4 0 are 4. 8!
9
C 1 × 8C 3 × 5 C 5 = 9 × ×1
0 0 1 1 −α 3! 5!
17 If for the matrix, A = ,
On comparing, we get α β = 504 ways of arrangements.
1−α −β = 1 AAT = I2 , then the value of α 4 + β 4 ∴Total possible arrangements = 36 + 504
= 540
⇒ α + β =0 is [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
and 220 + α219 + 2β = 4 (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 19 Let a,b,c ∈R be all non-zero and
⇒ 220 + α (219 − 2) = 4 [use, α + β = 0] Ans. (b) satisfy a 3 + b3 + c 3 = 2. If the matrix
4 − 220 1 −α
⇒ α = 19 = −2 Given, A = a b c
2 −2
α β
⇒ β =2 A = b c a
1 α
⇒ AT = c a b
∴ β − α = 2 − (−2) = 2 + 2 = 4 −α β
16 Let A be a symmetric matrix of Given, AA = I 2 i.e.
T
satisfies AT A = I,then a value of
order 2 with integer entries. If the 1 −α 1 α 1 0 abc can be
sum of the diagonal elements of A2 α β −α β = 0 1 [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
1 1
is 1, then the possible number of 1 + α 2 α − αβ 1 0 (a) − (b)
such matrices is 2
= 3 3
α −αβ α + β 0 1
2
2
[2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] (c) 3 (d)
Equating these matrices, 3
(a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 6 (d) 12
1 = α 2 + 1 gives, α = 0 Ans. (b)
Ans. (a)
α (1 − β) = 0 a b c
Let A be the matrix as follows,
α2 + β2 = 1 Given, matrix, A = b c a
a b
A= , since A is symmetric matrix. Put α = 0 in α 2 + β 2 = 1, we get c a b
b c 0 + β 2 = 1, givesβ = ± 1
a b c a b c
a b a b where we takeβ 4 = 1
Now, A 2 = So, AT A = b c a b c a
b c b c ∴ α 4 + β4 = 04 + 1 = 1
c a b c a b
a 2 + b 2 ab + bc
= 2
18 Let M be any 3 × 3 matrix with a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab + bc + ca ac + ba + cb
ab + bc b + c
2
entries from the set {0, 1, 2}. The = ba + cb + ac b 2 + c 2 + a 2 bc + ca + ab
Given that, diagonal entries of A 2 is 1.
maximum number of such ca + ab + bc cb + ac + ba c 2 + a 2 + b 2
i.e. a 2 + b 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1
matrices, for which the sum of Q AT A = I [given]
or a 2 + 2b 2 + c 2 = 1 diagonal elements of M T M is seven, ∴a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 and ab + bc + ca = 0 …(i)
Case 1 a = 0 is ......... . [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] Now, as (a + b + c) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2
Then,2b 2 + c 2 = 1 Ans. (540) (ab + bc + ca)
1 1
(a) c = 0 gives, b 2 = or b = ± Given, M is a 3 × 3 matrix. ⇒ (a + b + c) 2 = 1
2 2
a b c a d g ⇒ a+b+ c = ± 1 …(ii)
∴a = 0, b = 1 / 2, c = 0 (2 matrices)
Let M = d e f , then MT = b e h As we know,
a = 0, b = − 1 / 2, c = 0
g h i c f i a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3abc = (a + b + c)
(b) b = 0, gives c 2 = 1 or c = ± 1 (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca)
∴a = 0, b = 0, c = 1 a d g a b c ⇒2 − 3abc = (a + b + c) (1 − 0)
and a = 0, b = 0, c = − 1 (2 matrices) Now, MT M = b e h × d e f
[from Eq. (i) and a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = 2 [given]]
Case 2 b = 0, thena 2 + c 2 = 1 c f i g h i
⇒ −3abc = (a + b + c) − 2
(a) a = 0, then c = ± 1 Sum of diagonal elements 2 − (a + b + c)
⇒ abc =
a = 0, b = 0, c = 1 and a = 0, b = 0, c = − 1 = a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2 3
1
This is repeated case. + f 2 + g 2 + h2 + i 2 = 7 …(i) If a + b + c = 1 ⇒abc = , or
(b) c = 0, thena = ± 1 According to the question, the entries 3
are {0, 1, 2}. [QMT M = 7] If a + b + c = − 1 ⇒abc = 1
a = 1, b = 0, c = 0 and a = − 1, b = 0, c = 0
1
Again 2 matrices. i.e. {a, b, c, …, h, i } = {0, 1, 2} Now, from the optionsabc =
3
So, for Eq. (i) to be true, there are two
cases. Hence, option (b) is correct.
Matrices and Determinants 55
Ans. (a) cosα − sinα
x 1 It is given that ‘α’ is the root of equation
24 Let A = ,(α ∈R) such
20 Let A = sinα cosα
, x ∈R and A = [a ij ].
4
x 2 + x + 1 = 0, so α 2 + α + 1 = 0 and α 3 = 1.
1 0 0 −1
1 1 1 that A32 = . Then, the value
If a 11 = 109, then a 22 is equal to 1 1 0
Now, matrix A = 1 α α2
.......... . [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I] 3
of α is
1 α α [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
2 4
Ans. (10.00) π π π
x 1 1 1 1 (a) (b) 0 (c) (d)
Given matrix, A = 1 32 64 16
1 0
= 1 α α2
3 Ans. (c)
1 α α
2
x 1 x 1 x 2 + 1 x cosα − sinα
⇒ A2 = = Given, matrix A =
1 0 1 0 x 1 [Q α 3 = 1] sinα cosα
1 1 1 1 1 1
x 2 + 1 x x 2 + 1 x 1
2
∴
⇒ A4 = ∴A 2 = 1 α α 2 1 α α 2
x 1 x 1 3 cosα − sinα cosα − sinα
1 α
2
α 1 α 2 α A2 =
(x + 1) + x
2 2 2
x (x + 2)
2
sinα cosα sinα cosα
= 1+ 1+ 1 1 + α + α2 1 + α2 + α
( 2
+ 2) x2 + 1 − cos α sin α − sin α cos α
cos α − sin α
x x 2 2
1
= 1 + α + α 2 1 + α 2 + α 4 1 + α 3 + α 3 = sin α cos α + cos α sin α − sin2 α + cos2 α
Q A 4 = [a ij ] and a 11 = 109 3
1 + α 2 + α 1 + α 3 + α 3 1 + α 4 + α 2
⇒ (x 2 + 1) 2 + x 2 = 109 ⇒x 2 = 9
∴ a 22 = x 2 + 1 = 9 + 1 = 10 3 0 0 1 0 0 cos2α − sin2α
= 0 0 3 = 0 0 1
1 =
Hence, answer is 10.00.
3 sin2α cos2α
0 3 0 0 1 0
cosθ i sinθ π cos(nα) − sin(nα)
Similarly, A n =
21 If A = , θ = 24 , n ∈N
i sinθ cos θ [Qα = 1 and α + α + 1 = 0]
3 2
sin(nα) cos(nα)
a b ∴ A4 = A2 ⋅ A2 cos(32α) − sin(32α)
⇒ A 32 =
and A =
5
, where i = −1, then 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 sin(32α) cos(32α)
c d
= 0 0 1 0 0 1 = 0 1 0 0 −1
which one of the following is not = (given)
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 0
true? [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
=I So, cos(32α) = 0 and sin(32α) = 1
(a) a 2 − d 2 = 0 (b) a 2 − c 2 = 1 ∴ A 8 = I = A 16 = A 20 = A 24 = A 28 π π
1 ⇒ 32α = ⇒ α =
(c) a 2 − b 2 = (d) 0 ≤ a 2 + b 2 ≤ 1 Q A 31 = A 28 ⋅ A 3 = I ⋅ A 3 = A 3 ⇒ A 31 = A 3 2 64
2
Ans. (c) 23 The number of all 3 × 3 matrices A, 25 The total number of matrices
cosθ i sinθ
Since, matrix A = with enteries from the set { − 1, 0, 1} 0 2y 1
i sinθ cosθ
A = 2x y −1 , (x, y ∈R, x ≠ y) for
such that the sum of the diagonal
cos2θ i sin2θ elements of AAT is 3, is ……… .
⇒ A2 =
i sin2θ cos2θ [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] 2x − y 1
cos3θ
⇒ A3 =
i sin3θ Ans. (672) which AT A = 3I3 is
i sin3θ cos3θ Let a 3 × 3 matrix A = [a ij ] 3 × 3 ,i, j ∈ { 1, 2, 3} [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
cos4θ i sin4θ So, sum of diagonal elements of AAT (a) 2 (b) 4
⇒ A4 =
i sin4θ cos4θ = trace of AAT = tr ([a ij ][a ji ]) (c) 3 (d) 6
cos 5θ i sin 5θ a b = a 112 + a 122 + a 132 + a 212 + a 22
2
+ a 23
2
+ a 312 Ans. (b) 0 2y 1
⇒ A5 = = + a 32 + a 33 = 3 (given) Given, matrix A = 2x y −1 ,
2 2
i sin 5θ cos 5θ c d
Qa ij ∈ { −1, 0, 1} (x, y ∈ R, x ≠ y)
⇒ a = d = cos5θ, b = c = i sin5θ 2x − y 1
So, possible combinations are for which
∴ a 2 − b 2 = cos2 5θ − i 2 sin2 5θ = 1
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 AT A = 3I 3
Hence, option (c) is correct.
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, −1, 1, 1 0 2x 2x 0 2y 1
22 Let α be a root of the equation 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, −1, −1, 1 ⇒ 2y y − y 2x y −1
x 2 + x + 1 = 0 and the matrix
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, −1, −1, −1 1 −1 1 2x − y 1
1 1 1 ∴Number of such matrices such taht
1 3 0 0
A= 1 α α 2 , then the tr (AAT ) = 3 is
3 = 9C 6 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 0 3 0
1 α 2 α 4 9× 8× 7 0 0 3
= ×2×2×2
matrix A31 is equal to 3×2 8x 2
0 0 3 0 0
(a) A3
⇒ 0 6y 2 0 = 0 3 0
(b) I 3 = 84 × 8 = 672
(c) A2 (d) A
Hence, answer is 672. 0 0 3 0 0 3
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
56 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Here, two matrices are equal, therefore Ans. (b) 0 0 0 0 0 0
equating the corresponding elements, Given, AAT = I and X 3 = X 2 ⋅ X = 0 0 0 3 0 0
we get
⇒ 9 0 0 9 3 0
3 0 2q r 0 p p 1 0 0
8x 2 = 3 and 6y 2 = 3 ⇒ x = ± and 0 0 0
8 p q − r 2q −q = 0 1 0
= 0 0 0
q
1
y=± p −q r r −r r 0 0 1
2 0 0 0
QThere are 2 different values of x and y ⇒ 0 0 0
each. 0 + 4q 2 + r 2 0 + 2q 2 − r 2 0 − 2q 2 + r 2 ⇒ X 4 = X 5 = 0 0 0
0 + 2q − r p2 + q 2 + r 2 p2 − q 2 − r 2
2 2
So, 4 matrices are possible such that 0 0 0
AT A = 3I 3 . 0 − 2q + r 2
2
p2 − q 2 − r 2 p +q + r
2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 So, P 5 = I + 5 3 0 0 + 10 0 0 0
26 If A is a symmetric matrix and B is a
skew-symmetric matrix such that = 0 1 0 9 3 0 9 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
2 3
A+B= , then AB is equal to = 15 1 0
5 −1
We know that, if two matrices are equal,
then corresponding elements are also 135 15 1
[2019, 12 April Shift-I]
−4 −2 4 −2 equal, so 2 0 0
(a) (b) 4q 2 + r 2 = 1 = p2 + q 2 + r 2 , and Q = I + P 5 = 15 2 0 = [q ij ]
−1 4 −1 −4 … (i)
4 −2 −4 2 2q 2 − r 2 = 0 ⇒ r 2 = 2q 2 … (ii) 135 15 2
(c) (d) ⇒ q 21 = 15, q 31 = 135 and q 32 = 15
1 −4 1 4 and p − q 2 − r 2 = 0
2
… (iii)
Using Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get q + q 31 15 + 135 150
Ans. (b) Hence, 21 = = = 10
p2 = 3q 2 … (iv) q 32 15 15
Given matrix A is a symmetric and matrix
B is a skew-symmetric Using Eqs. (ii) and (iv) in Eq. (i), we get
∴ AT = A and BT = − B 4q 2 + 2q 2 = 1
29 If A an 3 × 3 non-singular matrix
2 3 ⇒ 6q 2 = 1 ⇒ 2p2 = 1 [using Eq. (iv)]
such that AA′ = A′ A and B = A −1 A′,
Since, A + B = (given) … (i)
5 − 1 1 1 then BB′ is equal to [JEE Main 2014]
p2 = ⇒ | p | =
2 2 (a) I + B (b) I
On taking transpose both sides, we get
(c) B −1 (d) (B −1 )′
2 3
T
1 0 0
(A + B)T = (AB)T = BT AT and A −1 A = l
5 − 1 28 Let P = 3 1 0 and Q = [q ij ] be (where, AT = A ′ = Transpose of A)
2 5 9 3 1 Ans. (b)
⇒ AT + BT = … (ii)
3 − 1 two 3 × 3 matrices such that If A is non-singular matrix, then | A | ≠ 0.
Given, A = A and B = − B
T T
AAT = AT A and B = A −1 AT
q + q 31
⇒ A−B=
2 5 Q − P 5 = I3 . Then, 21 is equal BB ′ = (A −1 AT ) (A −1 AT )T
q 32
3 − 1 = A −1 AT A (A −1 )T [Q(A ′) ′ = A]
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get to [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I] = A −1 AAT (A −1 )T [QAAT = AT A ]
2 4 0 − 1 (a) 10 (b) 135 (c) 9 (d) 15 = IA (A −1 )T = AT (A −1 )T
T
A= and B =
4 − 1 1 0 Ans. (a) = (A −1 A)T = IT = I [Q(AB)T = BT AT ]
2 4 0 − 1 Given, matrix
So, AB = 30 Let A and B be two symmetric
4 − 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
matrices of order 3.
4 − 2 P = 3 1 0 = 3 0 0 + 0 1 0
= Statement I A (BA) and (AB) A are
9 3 1 9 3 0 0 0 1
− 1 − 4 symmetric matrices.
⇒ P = X + I (let)
0 2q r Statement II AB is symmetric
Now, P 5 = (I + X) 5
27 Let A = p q −r . If AAT = I3 , = I + 5 C 1 (X) + 5 C 2 (X 2 ) + 5 C 3 (X 3 ) + …
matrix, if matrix multiplication of A
p −q r with B is commutative. [AIEEE 2011]
[QI n = I, I ⋅ A = A and (a + x) n = nC 0a n +
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is
then | p| is n
C 1a n − 1 x + ...+T nC n x n ] true; Statement II is not a correct
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] Here, explanation of Statement I
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
(a) (b)
5 2 X 2 = 3 0 0 3 0 0 = 0 0 0 false
1 1 9 3 0 9 3 0 9 0 0 (c) Statement I is false, Statement II is
(c) (d) true
3 6
Matrices and Determinants 57
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is Ans. (d)
true
true; Statement II is a correct (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is 1 * *
explanation of Statement I true; Statement II is correct
Consider * 1 * . By placing 1 in
Ans. (a) explanation of Statement I
* * 1
Since, A and B are symmetric matrices. (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
true; Statement II is not a correct anyone of the 6 * position and 0
∴ AT = A and BT = B
explanation of Statement I elsewhere, we get 6 non-singular
Now, to check A (BA) is symmetri(c)
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is matrices.
Consider [A (BA)]T = (BA)T ⋅ AT = (AT BT ) AT false * * 1
= (AB) A = A (BA)
Condition for equivalence relation A Similarly, * 1 * gives atleast one
So, [A (BA)]T = A (BA) relation which is symmetric, reflexive 1
⇒ A (BA) is symmetri(c) and transitive is equivalence * *
Similarly, (AB) A is symmetri(c) relation. [AIEEE 2011] non-singular matrix. Hence, we get
So, Statement I is true. Also, Statement Ans. (c) atleast 7 non-singular matrix.
II is true, Given, R = {(A, B) : A = P −1 BP for some
as if A and B are symmetri(c)
34 Let A be 2 × 2 matrix with non-zero
invertible matrix P}
entries and A2 = I , where I is 2 × 2
⇒(AB) is symmetric, iff AB = BA. For Statement I
identity matrix.
i.e., AB commutative. (i) Reflexive
Define tr (A) = Sum of diagonal
Hence, both the statements are true but ARA ⇒A = P −1 AP, which is true only,
if P = I. elements of A and | A| =
statement II is not a correct explanation
of statement I. Since, A = P −1 BP for some Determinant of matrix (a)
invertible matrix P. Statement I tr (A) = 0
31 If ω ≠ 1 is the complex cube root of ∴ We can assume P = I
Statement II | A| = 1 [AIEEE 2010]
ω 0 ⇒ ARA ⇒ A = I −1 AI
unity and matrix H = , then ⇒ A=A
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
0 ω true
⇒ R is Reflexive (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
H 70 is equal to
[AIEEE 2011] Note Here, due to some invertible true; Statement II is a correct
(a) H (b) 0 (c) −H (d) H 2 matrix, P is used (reflexive) but if for all explanation of Statement I
invertible matrix is used, then R is not
Ans. (a) (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
reflexive.
ω 0 true, Statement II is not a correct
Here, H= (ii) Symmetric
0 ω ARB ⇒ A = P −1 BP
explanation of Statement I
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
ω 0 ω 0 ⇒ PAP −1 = P(P −1 BP) P −1
∴ H2 = false
0 ω 0 ω ⇒ PAP −1 = (PP −1 ) B(PP −1 )
Ans. (d)
∴ B = PAP −1
ω2 0 A satisfies A 2 − tr (A) ⋅ A + (det A) I = 0
= Since, for some invertible matrix P,
0 ω2 we can let Q = P −1 On comparing with A 2 − I = 0, we get
ω K 0 B = (P − 1)−1 AP −1 tr (A) = 0 , | A | = − 1
⇒ HK =
ωK ⇒ B = Q −1 AQ ⇒ BRA Therefore, Statement I is true but
0 Statement II is false.
⇒ R is symmetri(c)
ω K + 1 0 (iii) Transitive ARB and BRC Alternate Solution
Then, H K + 1 = K + 1
0 ω ⇒ A = P −1 BP and B = P −1CP a b
Let A= ; a,b, c,d ≠ 0
⇒ A = P −1 (P −1CP) P c d
ω70 0
∴ H 70 = = (P −1 )2 C (P)2 a b a b
ω70 A2 =
0 So, ARC, for some P 2 = P Now ⋅
c d c d
ω 0 ⇒ R is transitive
= =H a 2 + bc ab + bd
0 ω So, R is an equivalence relation. ⇒ A2 = 2
For Statement II It is always true that ac + cd bc + d
(MN ) −1 = N −1 M−1 Q A2 = I
32 Consider the following relation R on
Hence, both statements are true but ⇒ a 2 + bc = 1
the set of real square matrices of ⇒ bc + d 2 = 1
order 3. R = {(A, B) : A = P −1 BP for second is not the correct explanation of
first. and ab + bd = ac + cd = 0
some invertible matrix P} Also, c ≠ 0 and b ≠ 0
Statement I R is an equivalence 33 The number of 3 × 3 non-singular ⇒ a + d = 0, tr(A) = a + d = 0
relation. matrices, with four entries as 1 and and | A | = ad − bc = − a 2 − bc = − 1
Statement II For any two invertible all other entries as 0, is [AIEEE 2010] Hence, Statement I is true but
3 × 3 matrices M and N, (a) less than 4 (b) 5 Statement II is false.
(MN) −1 = N −1M −1 . (c) 6 (d) atleast 7
58 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
35 Let A be 2 × 2 matrix with real 1 0 1 0 1 0 Ans. (b)
∴ A2 = =
1 1 1 1 2 1 [x + 1] [x + 2] [x + 3]
entries. Let I be the 2 × 2 identity
matrix. Denote by tr (A), the sum of 1 0 1 0 1 0 Given, A = [x] [x + 3] [x + 3]
A3 = =
diagonal entries of A. Assume that 2 1 1 1 3 1 [x] [x + 2] [x + 4]
A2 = I. MMMMMMMMMMM
[x] + 1 [x] + 2 [x] + 3
Statement I If A ≠ I and A ≠ − I,then 1 0
A = A = [x] [x] + 3 [x] + 3
n
can be verified by induction.
det (A) = − 1. n 1
[x] [x] + 2 [x] + 4
Statement II If A ≠ I and A ≠ − I, Now, taking options
then tr (A) ≠ 0. [AIEEE 2008] 1 0 n 0 n − 1 0 (Q[x + n] = n + [x], n ∈I)
(b) = + n − 1 Applying R 1 → R 1 − R 3 , R 2 → R 2 − R 3
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is n 1 n n 0
true
1 0 2 n − 1 0 1 0 −1
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; ⇒ n 1 ≠ n
2 n − 1 A= 0 1 −1
Statement II is a correct explanation of
Statement I [x] [x] + 2 [x] + 4
n 0 n − 1 0
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is (d) nA − (n − 1)I = −
n n 0 n − 1 det(A) = 1 ([x] + 4 + [x] + 2) − 1 (− [x])
true; Statement II is not a correct
explanation of Statement I = 3[x] + 6
1 0
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is = = A
n
Q det(A) = 192
n 1 ⇒ 3[x] + 6 = 192
false
a b α β ⇒ [x] = 62
Ans. (d) 37 If A = and A2 = , then
Let
a b
A= b a β α ⇒ 62 ≤ x < 63
⇒ x ∈[62,63)
c d (a) α = a 2 + b 2 and β = ab [AIEEE 2003]
2
a b 1 0 (b) α = a 2 + b 2 and β = 2ab 39 Let A(a, 0), B (b, 2b + 1) and C(0, b),
∴ = [QA 2 = I]
c d 0 1 (c) α = a 2 + b 2 and β = a 2 − b 2
(d) α = 2ab and β = a 2 + b 2
b ≠ 0,| b| ≠ 1, be points such that the
a 2 + bc ab + bd 1 0 area of ∆ABC is
⇒ 2
=
ac + cd bc + d 0 1 Ans. (b) 1 sq. unit, then the sum of all
⇒ b (a + d) = 0 a b α β possible values of a is
Given that, A = ⇒A 2 =
c (a + d) = 0 and a 2 + bc = 1 b a β α [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
− 2b 2b
bc + d 2 = 1 ⇒ a = 1 a b a b (a) (b)
∴ A2 = A A = b +1 b +1
d = −1 ⇒ b = c =0 b a b a
2b 2 − 2b 2
1 0 1 0 1 0 a 2 + b 2 ab + ba (c) (d)
If A = , then A = 0 −1 0 −1
2
⇒ A2 = b +1 b +1
2
0 −1 ba + ab b + a
2
Ans. (d)
1 0 α β a 2 + b 2 2ab
= = I A ≠ I, A ≠ − I ⇒ A (a, 0), B (b, 2b + 1), C (0, b)
0 1 β α = 2ab
a2 + b2
a 0 1
det (A) = − 1 (Statement I is true) 1
⇒ α = a 2 + b 2 and β = 2ab Area of ∆ABC = b 2b + 1 1 =± 1
Statement II, tr(A) = 1 − 1 = 0, Statement II 2
0 b 1
is false. TOPIC 2 1
⇒ [a (b + 1) + b 2 ] = ± 1
1 0 1 0 Properties and Solution of 2
36 If A = and I = , then 2 − b2 −2 − b 2
1 1 0 1 Determinants ⇒ a= or
b+1 b+1
which one of the following holds for [x + 1] [x + 2] [x + 3] −2b 2
all n≥ 1, by the principle of Sum of all possible values ofa =
38 Let A = [x] [x + 3] [x + 3] , b+1
mathematical induction? [x]
[AIEEE 2005] [x + 2] [x + 4] 40 Let
n− 1 sin2 x − 2 + cos 2 x cos 2x
(a) A = 2 A + (n − 1) I
n
where [t] denotes the greatest
(b) An = n A + (n − 1) I integer less than or equal to t. If f (x) = 2 + sin2 x cos 2 x cos 2x
(c) An = 2 n − 1 A − (n − 1) I det(A) = 192, then the set of values sin2 x cos 2 x 1 + cos 2x
(d) An = n A − (n − 1) I of x is the interval , x ∈[0, π]
Ans. (d) [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
(a) [68, 69) (b) [62, 63) Then the maximum value of f (x) is
1 0
Given that, A = (c) [65, 66) (d) [60, 61) equal to ………… .
1 1 [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
Matrices and Determinants 59
Ans. (6) b − 3, c = 3 3−a
and 0
sin2 x − 2 + cos2 x cos 2x b = 3, c = −3 Q= 2
f (x) = 2 + sin2 x cos2 x a −3 0
cos 2x Total possible pairs = 4 × 2 = 8
2
sin2 x cos2 x 1 + cos 2x Case I + Case II = 8 + 8 = 16
Det (Q ) = 9
ApplyingC 2 → C 2 + C 1 42 The number of distinct real roots of 3 − a a − 3
0− =9
sin2 x −2+ 1 cos 2x 2 2
sin x cos x cos x
f (x) = 2 + sin2 x 2 + 1 cos 2x 2
cos x sin x cos x = 0in the a − 3
sin2 x 1 1 + cos 2x ⇒ = 9 ⇒ (a − 3) = 36
2
2
cos x cos x sin x
sin2 x −1 cos 2x a − 3 = ± 6 ⇒ a = 9, − 3
π π
f (x) = 2 + sin2 x 3 cos 2x interval − ≤ x ≤ is a + 3
4 4 2 2
sin2 x 1 1 + cos 2x P=
[2021, 25 July Shift-II] a+ 3
0
Applying R 1 → R 1 + R 3 and R 2 → R 2 − 3R 3 (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 2
2 sin x 2
0 1 + 2 cos 2x Ans. (b) 2 6 2 0
P = or
f (x) 2 − 2 sin2 x 0 − 3 − 2 cos 2x We have, 6 0 0 0
sin2 x 1 + cos 2x sin x cos x cos x
1 π π | P | = − 36 or 0
cos x sin x cos x = 0, − ≤ x ≤
4 4 ∴ | − 36 + 0 | = 36
f (x) = − [− 2 sin x (3 + 2 cos 2x)
2
cos x cos x sin x
− 2(1 + 2 cos 2x) (1 − sin2 x)]
Apply R 1 → R 1 − R 2 and R 2 → R 2 − R 3 ,
44 Let A = [a ij ] be a 3 × 3 matrix, where
= 2[3 sin2 x + 2 cos 2x sin2 x sin x − cos x cos x − sin x 0 1 , if i = j
+ cos2 x + 2 cos 2x cos2 x] 0 sin x − cos x cos x − sin x
a ij = − x , if| i − j | = 1
= 2[2 sin2 x + 1 + 2 cos 2x] cos x cos x sin x 2x + 1 , otherwise
= 2(2 sin2 x + 1 + 2 − 4 sin2 x) =0
∴ f (x) = 2(3 − 2 sin2 x) ⇒ (sin x − cos x) 2 Let a function f : R → R be defined
For f (x) to be maximum, sin2 x should be 1 −1 0 as f (x) = det (A). Then, the sum of
minimum. Minimum value of sin2 x is 0. 0 1 − 1 =0 maximum and minimum values of
∴ [f (x)] max = 2(3 − 0) = 6 cos x cos x sin x f on R is equal to
[2021, 20 July Shift-I]
41 Let On expanding,
20 88 20 88
a b (sin x − cos x) 2 [1(sin x + cos x) + 1(cos x)] = 0 (a) − (b) (c) (d) −
M = A = : a, b, c, d ∈ {±3, ± 2, ± 1, 0} ⇒ (sin x − cos x) 2 (sin x + 2 cos x) = 0
27 27 27 27
c d ∴ sin x − cos x = 0 Ans. (d)
Define f : M → Z, as f (A) = det(A), for π 1 ,i = j
⇒sin x = cos x ⇒ x =
all A ∈M, where Z is set of all 4 a ij = − x ,| i − j | = 1
integers. Then the number of A ∈M Hence, the number of distinct real roots 2x + 1, otherwise
such that f (A) = 15 is equal to …… =1
A = [a ij ] be 3 × 3 matrix.
[2021, 25 July Shift-I] 2 3 1 − x 2x + 1
Ans. (16) 43 Let A = , a ∈R be written as
a 0 ∴ A= −x 1 −x
a b
A= , | A | = ad − bc P + Q , where P is a symmetric 2x + 1 − x 1
c d
matrix and Q is skew symmetric | A | = (1 − x 2 ) − x (− 2x 2 − x + x) + (2x + 1)
a, b, c, d = { −3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} matrix. If det (Q) = `9, then the (x 2 − 2x − 1)
Case I ad = 9 and bc = −6 modulus of the sum of all possible | A | = 4x − 4x − 4x
3 2
b = 2, c = − 3 values of determinant of P is equal
b = −2, c = 3 ⇒f ′ (x) = 12x 2 − 8x − 4 ⇒f ′ (x) = 0
a = 3, d =3 to [2021, 20 July Shift-I]
and ⇒ 4(3x 2 − 2x − 1) = 0
a = − 3, d = − 3 b = 3, c = −2 (a) 36 (b) 24 ⇒ (x − 1) (3x + 1) = 0
b = −3, c = 2 (c) 45 (d) 18
+ – +
Total possible pairs = 4 × 2 = 8 Ans. (a)
–1/3 1
Case II ad = 6 and bc = −9 2 3 T 2 a 1
A = , A = 3 0 ⇒ x = 1, −
a = 2, d = 3 a 0 3
a = −2, d = −3
A + AT A − AT At f(1) → minimum
A= +
a = 3, d = 2 f − → maximum
2 2 1
a = −3, d = −2 A+ AT
A − AT 3
Let P = and Q =
2 2 f(1) = 4(13 − 12 − 1) = − 4
60 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
f − =
1 20 Ans. (d) 1
∴ det A 2 − I
3 27 Given, 2
20 − 88 1 + sin2 x sin2 x sin2 x sin2 α − 1 /2 0
∴ Sum = − 4 + = =
27 27 cos x2
1 + cos x2
cos x = 0 2
0 sin2 α − 1 /2
45 Let a, b, c, d be in arithmetic 4 sin2x 4 sin2x 1 + 4 sin2x 2
2 1
progression with common sin α − = 0
(0 < x < π) 2
difference λ. Applying R 1 → R 1 + R 2 , 1
sinα = ±
x +a −c x +b x +a 2 2 1 2
cos2 x 1 + cos2 x cos2 x = 0 π
If x −1 x + c x + b = 2, ⇒ α= is one possibility.
4 sin2x 4 sin2x 1 + 4 sin2x 4
x −b+d x +d x +c
ApplyingC 1 → C 1 − C 2 , 48 If x, y, z are in arithmetic
then value of λ 2 is equal to …… . 0 2 1
[2021, 20 July Shift-I] progression with common
− 1 1 + cos2 x cos2 x = 0 difference d, x ≠ 3d, and the
Ans. (1)
0 4 sin2x 1 + 4 sin2x determinant of the matrix
Given a, b, c, d are in AP and λ is common
difference. ⇒ 2 + 8 sin2x − 4 sin2x = 0 3 4 2 x
∴b = a + λ, c = a + 2λ, d = a + 3λ (expanding alongC 1 )
x+a−c x + b x + a ⇒ 4 sin2x = − 2 4 5 2 y is zero, then the value
x−1 x + c x + b =2 1 5 k z
⇒ sin2x = −
x −b+d x+d x+c 2
π π of k 2 is [2021, 17 March Shift-II]
ApplyingC 2 → C 2 − C 3 ⇒ 2x = π + , 2 π − (a) 72 (b) 12 (c) 36 (d) 6
6 6
x + a − c b −a x+a Ans. (a)
7 π 11 π
x−1 c −b x + b = 2 ⇒ 2x = ,
6 6 Method (I)
x −b+d d−c x + c Given, x, y and z are in AP with common
7 π 11 π
x − 2λ λ x + a ⇒ x= , difference = d
12 12
⇒ x−1 λ x+b =2 ∴ x = First term
[Note You can also solve by applying y = Second term of AP = First term +
x + 2λ λ x + c
C 1 → C 1 − C 3 and C 2 → C 2 − C 3 ] Common difference
[Qb − a = c − b = d − c = λ; ⇒ y=x+d …(i)
c − a = d − b = 2λ] 0 sinα
47 If A = and det and z = Third term of AP = Second term +
x − 2λ 1 x + a sinα 0 Common difference
⇒ λ x−1 1 x+b =2 A2 − 1 I = 0, then a possible value ⇒ z = (x + d) + d = x + 2d …(ii)
x + 2λ 1 x + c 2 Also, given x ≠ 3d …(iii)
of α is 3 4 2 x
Applying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 , R 3 → R 3 − R 1 [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
x − 2λ 1 x + a π π and 4 5 2 y = 0
(a) (b)
λ 2λ − 1 0 b − a = 2 2 3 5 k z
π π
4λ 0 c −a (c) (d) Applying R 2 → R 1 + R 3 − 2R 2 , we have
4 6
x − 2λ 1 x + a 3 4 2 x
Ans. (c)
⇒ λ 2λ − 1 0 λ =2 0 k −6 2 0 =0
0 sinα
4λ 0 2λ A= 5 k z
sinα 0
⇒ − λ [2λ (2λ − 1) − 4λ2 ] ⇒ (k − 6 2) (3z − 5x) = 0
1
⇒ 2λ 2 = 2 ⇒ λ 2 = 1 and det A 2 − I = 0
2 (Expanding along R 2 )
46 The solutions of the equation ∴ Either k − 6 2 = 0 or 3z − 5x = 0
0 sinα 0 sinα ⇒k = 6 2 or 3(x + 2d) − 5x = 0
1 + sin2 x sin2 x sin2 x A2 =
sinα 0 sinα 0 [from Eq. (ii)]
cos x 1 + cos x
2 2
cos2 x
⇒x = 3d which is not possible as in Eq. (iii).
sin2 α 0
4 sin2x 4 sin2x 1 + 4 sin2x A2 = ∴k = 6 2 is only one solution.
0 sin2
α
= 0, (0 < x < π), are Hence, k 2 = (6 2) 2 ⇒ k 2 = 72
I 1 /2 0 Method (II)
[2021, 18 March Shift-I] ⇒ =
π π π 5π 2 0 1 /2 Here, x = First term
(a) , (b) ,
12 6 6 6 y = Second term = x + d, where
2 I sin α − 1 /2
2
0
5π 7 π 7 π 11 π A − = d = Common difference
(c) , (d) , 2 0 sin2 α − 1 /2
12 12 12 12 z = Third term = x + 2d
Matrices and Determinants 61
Now, given matrix will be of the form ⇒ 4x = 16 or 4x = − 2 (Rejected because Ans. (c)
3 4 2 x 4x > 0, ∀x ∈ R) Given,
⇒ 4 =4 ⇒x =2
x 2
sin2 x 1 + cos2 x cos2x
4 5 2 x + d
5 x + 2d 1 f (x) = 1 + sin x
2
cos2 x cos2x
k
2 x − x − 1 x 2 3 1 4
2 2
sin x cos2 x sin2x
According to the question, ∴ 1 0 x = 1 0 2 =2
3 4 2 x x 1 0 2 1 0 On applyingC 1 → C 1 + C 2 , we get
4 5 2 x + d =0
sin2 x + 1 + cos2 x 1 + cos2 x cos2x
5 k x + 2d a b α 0
50 Let A = and B = ≠ , f (x) = 1 + sin2 x + cos2 x cos2 x cos2x
Applying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 and R 3 → R 3 − R 1 , c d β 0 sin x + cos x
2 2
cos2 x sin2x
we get such that AB = B and a + d = 2021,
2 1 + cos2 x cos2x
3 4 2 x then the value of ad − bc is equal to
1 2 d =0 …………… . [2021, 17 March Shift-II] f (x) = 2 cos2 x cos2x
2 k − 4 2 2d Ans. (2020) 1 cos2 x sin2x
a b α 0 On applying R 1 → R 1 − R 2
Again, applying R 3 → R 3 − 2R 2 , we have Given, A = , B = ≠ i.e. B ≠ 0
3 4 2 x c d β 0 0 1 0
and AB = B f (x) = 2 cos2 x cos2x
1 2 d =0
⇒ AB − B = 0 ⇒B (A − I) = 0 1 cos2 x sin2x
0 k −6 2 0
⇒ | ( A − I) B | = 0 f (x) = 1(2 sin2x − cos2x)
⇒− (k − 6 2) (3d − x) = 0 (Expanding B ≠0
Q As, we know that, iff (θ) = A sinθ + B cosθ
along R 3 )
(a − 1) b
⇒ k − 6 2 = 0 or 3d − x = 0 ∴ |A −I |=0 ⇒ =0 Then, − A 2 + B 2 ≤ f (θ) ≤ A 2 + B 2
c (d − 1)
⇒ k = 6 2 or x = 3d which is not Here, we have,f (x) = 2 sin2x − cos2x
acceptable. ⇒ (a − 1) (d − 1) − bc = 0
− 22 + 12 ≤ f (x) ≤ 22 + 12
According to given problem condition. ⇒ ad − bc = 2020
∴ k 2 = (6 2) 2 ⇒k 2 = 72 − 5 ≤ f (x) ≤ 5
Method (II)
18 a b α
So, maximum value off (x) is 5.
49 If 1, log 10 (4 x − 2) and log 10 4 x + Given, A =
5 , B = β (a + 1) (a + 2)
a +2 1
c d
are in arithmetic progression for a AB = B 52 The value of (a + 2) (a + 3) a + 3 1
real number x, then the value of the
a b α α (a + 3) (a + 4) a + 4 1
determinant ⇒ c d β = β
is [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
2 x − x − 1 x 2
1
aα + bβ α (a) (a + 2) (a + 3) (a + 4)
2 ⇒ cα + dβ = β
1 0 x is equal to (b) –2
⇒ aα + bβ = α ⇒α (a − 1) = − bβ … (i) (c) (a + 1) (a + 2) (a + 3)
x 1 0 (d) 0
and cα + dβ = β ⇒cα = β (1 − d) … (ii)
On dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get Ans. (b)
……… . [2021, 17 March Shift-II] (a + 1) (a + 2) a + 2 1
a − 1 −b
Ans. (2) =
c 1−d Given, A = (a + 2) (a + 3) a + 3 1
Given 1,log 10 (4x − 2), log 10 4x + are in
18 (a + 3) (a + 4) a + 4 1
⇒ (a − 1) (1 − d) = − bc
5 ⇒ a − 1 − ad + d = − bc Apply R 2 → R 2 − R 1
(a)P. ⇒ a + d − 1 = ad − bc (a + 1) (a + 2) a + 2 1
∴ 2log 10 (4x − 2) = 1 + log 10 4x +
18 ⇒ 2021 − 1 = ad − bc
5 ⇒ ad − bc = 2020 A= (a + 2) (2) 1 0
(a + 3) (a + 4) a + 4 1
= log 10 10 + log 10 4x +
18
51 The maximum value of
5 Apply R 3 → R 3 − R 1
sin2 x 1 + cos2 x cos2x (a + 1) (a + 2) a + 2 1
18
⇒log 10 (4x − 2) 2 = log 10 10 × 4x +
5 f (x) = 1 + sin2 x cos2 x cos2x , A= 2 (a + 2) 1 0
⇒ (4x − 2) 2 = 10 × 4x + 36 sin2 x cos2 x sin2x 4a + 10 2 0
Now, expand along column third,
⇒ (4x ) 2 − 4(4x ) + 4 = 10 × 4x + 36 x ∈R is [2021, 16 March Shift-II]
3 A = 1[4(a + 2) − (4a + 10)]
⇒ (4x ) 2 − 14 (4x ) − 32 = 0 (a) 7 (b)
= 4a + 8 − 4a − 10
4
⇒ (4x − 16) (4x + 2) = 0 (c) 5 (d) 5 = −2
62 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
53 Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix with det (A) = Also, A 2 = I 3 Ans. (c)
4. Let R i denote the ith row of (a) If | A2 | = | I3 | = 1 Given determinant is
a matrix B is obtained by ∴ | (x 3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz) 2 | = 1 x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4
performing the operation ⇒ x 3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz = 1 [Qx + y + z > 0] ∆ = 2x − 3 3x − 4 4x − 5
R 2 → 2R 2 + 5R 3 on 2A, then det (B) ⇒ x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = 1 + 3xyz 3x − 5 5x − 8 10 x − 17
is equal to [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] = 1 + 3(2) [Qxyz = 2] On applying R 3 → R 3 − R 2 − R 1 , we get
(a) 16 (b) 80 =7 x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4
(c) 64 (d) 128 ∆ = 2x − 3 3x − 4 4x − 5
55 Let A be a 2×2 real matrix with
Ans. (c) 0 −1 3x − 8
entries from {0,1} and |A| ≠ 0.
a b c On applying R 2 → R 2 − 2R 1 , we get
Consider the following two
Let A = d e f x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4
statements
g h i ∆= 1 − x + 2 − 2x + 3
(P) If A ≠ I2 , then | A| = −1
2a 2b 2c 0 −1 3x − 8
(Q) If | A|= 1, then tr ( A ) = 2,
Then,2A = 2d 2e 2f = (x − 2) [(2 − x) (3x − 8) + (− 2x + 3)]
where I2 denotes 2 × 2 identity
2g 2h 2i − 1 [(2x − 3) (3x − 8) + (3x − 4)]
matrix and tr(A) denotes the sum
Now, perform the operation of the diagonal entries of (a) Then, = (x − 2) [− 3x 2 + 14x − 16 − 2x + 3]
R 2 → 2R 2 + 5R 3 on 2A, we get − [6x 2 − 25x + 24 + 3x − 4]
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I]
2a 2b 2c = (x − 2) [− 3x + 12x − 13] −
2
(a) (P) is false and (Q) is true
B = 4d + 10 g 4e + 10h 4f + 10i [6x 2 − 22x + 20]
(b) Both (P) and (Q) are false
2g 2h 2i = − 3x + 18x − 37 x + 26 − 6x 2
3 2
(c) (P) is true and (Q) is false
+ 22x − 20
2a 2b 2c (d) Both (P) and (Q) are true
= − 3x 3 + 12x 2 − 15x − 7
| B | = 4d + 10 g 4e + 10h 4f + 10i Ans. (a) = Ax 3 + Bx 2 + Cx + D [given]
2g 2h 2i It is given that; A be a 2 × 2 real matrix On comparing the coefficient of
with entries from {0, 1} and | A | ≠ 0, then different terms,
Using property of invariance to calculate we get
following matrices are possible
| B |, apply A = − 3, B = 12,C = − 15 and D = − 7
1 0
R 2 → R 2 − 5R 3 (i) A = , here | A | = 1 and tr (A) = 2 ∴B + C = −3
0 1
2a 2b 2c Hence, option (c) is correct.
1 1 1 0
| B | = 4d 4e 4f (ii) A = or , here, | A | = 1 and
0 1 1 1 57 If the minimum and the maximum
2g 2h 2i π π
tr (A) = 2 values of the function f : , → R,
a b c 0 1 4 2
(iii) A = , here A ≠ I 2 and | A | = − 1
= 2 × 4 × 2 d e f 1 0 defined by
g h i 1 1 0 1 − sin2 θ −1 − sin2 θ 1
(iv) A = or , here A ≠ I 2 and
= 16 × det(A) 1 0 1 1 f (θ) = − cos2 θ −1 − cos2 θ 1
= 16 × 4 = 64 [Qdet(A) = 4] | A| = − 1 12 10 −2
So, the given statements
x y z are m and M respectively, then the
(P) If A ≠ I 2 , then | A | = − 1, is true as cases
54 Let A = y z x, where x, y and z ordered pair (m,M) is equal to
(iii) and (iv). But in (ii) A ≠ I 2 and | A | = 1
z x y
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
(Q ) If | A | = 1, thentr (A) =2, is true as cases
(a) (0,2 2 ) (b) (−4, 4)
are real numbers, such that (i) and (ii).
(c) (0, 4) (d) (−4, 0)
x + y + z > 0 and xyz = 2. If A2 = I3 , x −2 2x − 3 3x − 4 Ans. (d)
then the value of x 3 + y 3 + z 3
56 If ∆ = 2x − 3 3x − 4 4x − 5 = Given function
is ……… . [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
Ans. (7) 3x − 5 5x − 8 10x − 17 − sin2 θ −1 − sin2 θ 1
Ax 3 + Bx 2 + Cx + D, then B + C is f(θ) =− cos2 θ −1 − cos2 θ 1
x y z
Here, A = y z x equal to 12 10 −2
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
z x y (a) −1 − sin2 θ −1 − sin2 θ 1
x y z (b) 1 = 2− cos2 θ −1 − cos2 θ 1
(c) − 3
∴ | A | = y z x = x 3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz 6 5 −1
(d) 9
z x y
Matrices and Determinants 63
On applying R 1 → R 1 + R 3 and On applying R 1 → R 1 − R 3 and Since, it is given matrix, B = A + A 4
R2 → R2 + R3, R2 → R2 − R3, cos θ + cos 4θ sin θ + sin 4θ
we get we get ⇒ B =
− (sin θ + sin 4θ) cos θ + cos 4θ
6 − sin2 θ 4 − sin2 θ 0 1 0 a−c
∴det(B) = (cos θ + cos 4θ)2 + (sin θ sin 4θ)2
f(θ) = 26 − cos2 θ 4 − cos2 θ 0 D = y 1 0 b − c = y (−1)[(b − c) –(a − c)]
= 2 + 2 cos (3θ)
6 5 −1 λ –1 1 c π
So, at θ =
= y (a − b). 5
= 2(−1)[(6 − sin2 θ)(4 − cos2 θ) − (4
3π 3π
− sin2 θ)(6 − cos2 θ)] 59 Let m and M be respectively the det(B) = 2 + 2 cos = 4 cos2
5 10
= − 2 [24 − 6 cos2 θ − 4 sin2 θ + sin2 θ cos2 θ − minimum and maximum values of 2
10 − 2 5
24 + 4 cos2 θ + 6 sin2 θ − sin2 θ cos2 θ] cos2 x 1 + sin2 x sin2x =4 1
= (10 − 2 5)
= − 2 [−2 cos2 θ + 2 sin2 θ] = 4 cos2θ 4 4
1 + cos x
2 2
sin x sin2x .
π π π
As θ ∈ , ⇒2θ ∈ , π 2
cos x sin x 1 + sin2x
2
=
10 − 2(2.23)
[Q 5 ≈ 2.23]
4 2 2
4
π Then, the ordered pair (m, M) is 10 − 4.46 5.54
∴ f (θ) = f = −4 = m = = ∈(1, 2)
minimum 2 equal to [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I] 4 4
π (a) (−3, 3) (b) (−3, − 1)
and f (θ) = f = 0 = M (c) (−4, − 1) (d) (1, 3) 61 Let A = [a ij ] and B = [bij ] be two 3 × 3
maximum 4
Ans. (b) real matrices such that
∴ The ordered pair (m, M) is (−4, 0).
Given determinant is bij = (3) (i + j − 2 ) a ji , where i, j = 1, 2, 3. If
58 If a + x = b + y = c + z + 1, where cos2 x 1 + sin2 x sin2x the determinant of B is 81, then the
D = 1 + cos x
2
sin2 x sin2x determinant of A is
a, b, c, x, y, z are non-zero distinct
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
real numbers, 2
cos x 2
sin x 1 + sin2x
1 1 1
x a + y x + a On applying, R 2 → R 2 − R 1 and R 3
(a) (b) 3 (c) (d)
9 81 3
theny b + y y + bis equal to → R 3 − R 1 , we get
Ans. (a)
z c + y z + c cos x 1 + sin x sin2x
2 2
It is given that there are two matrices of
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] D = 1 −1 0 order 3 × 3 each, A = [a ij ] and B = [b ij ],
(a) y (b − a) (b) y (a − b )
such that b ij = 3 i + j − 2 a ij
0 −1 1
(c) 0 (d) y (a − c)
∴ Matrix
Ans. (b) = cos2 x (−1 − 0) − (1 + sin2 x)(1 − 0)
x a+ y x+a + sin2x (−1 − 0) 31 + 1 − 2 a 11 31 + 2 − 2 a 12 31 + 3 − 2 a 13
= − cos2 x − 1 − sin2 x − sin2x
Given determinant D = y b + y y+b = − (2 + sin2x) B = 32 + 1 − 2 a 21 32 + 2 − 2 a 22 32 + 3 − 2 a 23
z c+y z+c ∴Minimum value of D is ‘m’ = − (2 + 1) = −3 3 3 + 1 − 2 a 33 + 2 − 2 a 22 33 + 3 − 2 a 33
31
and maximum value of D is ‘M’
x a+ y x x a+ y a a 11 3a 12 32 a 13
= − (2 − 1) = − 1
= y b+ y y + y b+ y b ∴The ordered pair (m, M) is (−3, − 1) . = 3a 21 32 a 22 33 a 23
z c+y z z c+y c 3 a
2 3 4
31 3 a 32 3 a 33
π cosθ sinθ
x a a x y a 60 Let θ = and A = . a 11 a 12 a 13
=0+ y b b +y y b
5 − sinθ cosθ = (3 × 3 ) × (3 × 3 ) a 21 a 22 a 23 = 36 ⋅ A
2 2
z c c z y c
If B = A + A 4 , then det (B) a 31 a 32 a 33
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
1 1
x 1 a (a) is one (b) line in (2, 3) ⇒ A = 6 B ⇒ det (A) = 6 det (B)
3 3
=yy 1 b (c) is zero (d) lies in (1, 2)
81 1 1
z 1 c Ans. (d) ⇒ det(A) = 6 = 2 =
3 3 9
On applyingC 1 → C 1 + C 3 , we get cos θ sin θ
Given matrix, A = (Qdet (B) = 81 (given))
− sin θ cos θ
x+a 1 a
62 Let a − 2b + c = 1.
D = y y+b 1 b cos θ sin θ cos θ sin θ
So, A 2 =
z+c 1 c
− sin θ cos θ − sin θ cos θ x + a x +2 x + 1
It is given thata + x = b + y = c + z + 1 = λ cos 2θ sin 2θ
If f (x) = x + b x + 3 x + 2 , then
=
(let), so
− sin 2θ cos 2θ x + c x +4 x +3
λ 1 a
D=y λ 1 b cos 4θ sin 4θ [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
∴ A4 =
− sin 4θ cos 4θ (a) f(−50) = 501 (b) f(50) = 1
λ –1 1 c
(c) f(−50) = − 1 (d) f(50) = − 501
64 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (b) 1 1
= (b − 2)(c − 2) x sinθ cosθ
x+a x+2 x+ 1 b + 2 c + 2
Given, f (x) = x + b x+3 x+2
65 If ∆ 1 = − sinθ − x 1
[taking common (b − 2) from C 1
x+c x+4 x+3 and (c − 2) from C 2 ] cosθ 1 x
On applying R 1 → R 1 − 2R 2 + R 3 , we get
= (b − 2)(c − 2)(c − b) x sin 2θ cos2θ
a − 2b + c 0 0
Since,2,b and c are in AP, if assume and ∆ 2 = − sin2θ −x 1 ,
common difference of AP isd, then
f (x) = x+b x+3 x+2 b = 2 + d and c = 2 + 2d cos2θ 1 x
x+c x+4 x+3 π
x ≠ 0, then for all θ ∈ 0,
So, | A | = d (2d)d = 2d 3 ∈ [2, 16] [given]
Qa − 2b + c = 1 so, (given) ⇒ d 3 ∈[1, 8] ⇒ d ∈[1, 2] 2
∴ 2 + 2d ∈ [2 + 2, 2 + 4] = [4, 6] ⇒ c ∈[4, 6] [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
1 0 0
(a) ∆ 1 + ∆ 2 = − 2 (x 3 + x − 1)
f (x) = x + b x+3 x+2 64 Let α and β be the roots of the (b) ∆ 1 − ∆ 2 = − 2 x 3
x+c x+4 x+3 equation x 2 + x + 1 = 0. Then, for (c) ∆ 1 + ∆ 2 = − 2 x 3
On applying R 2 → R 2 − R 3 , we get y ≠ 0 in R, (d) ∆ 1 − ∆ 2 = x(cos2θ − cos4θ)
y +1 α β Ans. (c)
1 0 0
f (x) = b − c −1 −1 α y +β 1 is equal to Given determinants are
x+c x+4 x+3 β 1 y +α x sinθ cosθ
[2019, 9 April Shift-I] ∆ 1 = − sinθ −x 1
On applyingC 3 → C 3 − C 2 , we get
(a) y (y − 1)
2 cosθ 1 x
1 0 0
(b) y (y 2 − 3)
f (x) = b − c −1 0 =1 = − x 3 + sinθ cosθ − sinθ cosθ
(c) y3 − 1 + x cos2 θ − x + x sin2 θ
x+c x + 4 −1 (d) y3 =−x 3
So, f(50) = 1 Ans. (d) x sin2θ cos2θ
Hence, option (b) is correct. Given, quadratic equation is x 2 + x + 1 = 0 and ∆ 2 = − sin2θ − x 1 ,x ≠0
having roots α, β. cos2θ 1 x
63 Let the numbers 2, b, c be in an AP Then,α + β = −1 and αβ = 1
1 1 1 = − x 3 (similarly as ∆ 1 )
Now, given determinant
and A = 2 b c . If y+ 1 α β
So, according to options, we get
∆ 1 + ∆ 2 = − 2x 3
4 b2 c 2 ∆ = α y+β 1
det(A) ∈ [2, 16], then c β 1 y+α 66 The sum of the real roots of the
x −6 −1
lies in the interval On applying R 1 → R 1 + R 2 + R 3 , we get
[2019, 8 April Shift-II] equation 2 − 3x x − 3 = 0, is
(a) [3, 2 + 2 3 / 4] (b) (2 + 2 3 / 4, 4) y + 1+ α + β y + 1+ α + β y + 1+ α + β − 3 2x x + 2
(c) [4, 6] (d) [2, 3)
∆= α y+β 1 equal to [2019, 10 April Shift-II]
Ans. (c) β 1 y+α (a) 0 (b) − 4 (c) 6 (d) 1
1 1 1
y y y Ans. (a)
Given, matrix A = 2 b c , so −6 −1
= α y+β 1 [Qα + β = −1] x
4 b c 2
2
β 1 y+α Given equation 2 − 3x x − 3 = 0
1 1 1 − 3 2x x + 2
det(A) =2 b c On applyingC 2 → C 2 − C 1 and
2 C3 → C3 −C1, On expansion of determinant along R 1 ,
4 b c2 we get
we get
On applying,C 2 → C 2 − C 1 and y 0 0 x [(− 3x) (x + 2) − 2x (x − 3)] + 6
C3 → C3 − C1, ∆ = α y + β −α 1 −α [2(x + 2) + 3(x − 3)]
1 0 0 β 1 −β y + α −β − 1 [2(2x) − (− 3x) (− 3)] = 0
we getdet(A) =2 b − 2 c − 2 ⇒ x [− 3x 2 − 6x − 2x 2 + 6x]
= y [(y + (β − α)) (y − (β − α)) − (1 − α) (1 − β)]
4 b − 4 c − 4
2 2
+ 6[2x + 4 + 3x − 9] − 1 [4x − 9x] = 0
[expanding along R 1 ]
b −2 c −2 ⇒ x (− 5x 2 ) + 6(5x − 5) − 1(− 5x) = 0
= 2 = y [y 2 − (β − α) 2 − (1 − α − β + αβ)]
b − 4 c − 4
2
⇒ −5x 3 + 30 x − 30 + 5x = 0
= y [y 2 − β 2 − α 2 + 2αβ − 1 + (α + β) − αβ]
b −2 c −2 ⇒ 5x − 35x + 30 = 0 ⇒ x 3 − 7 x + 6 = 0.
3
= = y [y 2 − (α + β) 2 + 2αβ + 2αβ − 1 + (α + β) − αβ]
(b − 2)(b + 2) (c − 2)(c + 2) Since all roots are real
= y [y 2 − 1 + 3 − 1 − 1] = y 3 coefficient of x 2
∴ Sum of roots = − =0
[Q α + β = −1 and αβ = 1] coefficient of x 3
Matrices and Determinants 65
67 A value of θ ∈(0, π / 3), for which −2 4+ d (sinθ) − 2 Then, the number of elements in
= 1 (sinθ) + 2 d S, is [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II]
1 + cos θ sin θ
2 2
4cos6θ
1 0 0 (a) 4
cos2 θ 1 + sin2 θ 4cos6θ = 0, (R 3 → R 3 − 2R 2 + R 1 ) (b) 2
cos2 θ sin2 θ 1 + 4cos6θ = 1 [(4 + d)d − (sinθ + 2) (sinθ − 2)] (c) 10
(expanding along R 3 ) (d) infinitely many
is [2019, 12 April Shift-II]
π π 7π 7π = (d 2 + 4d − sin2 θ + 4) Ans. (d)
(a) (b) (c) (d) = (d 2 + 4d + 4) − sin2 θ
9 18 24 36 Given,
= (d + 2) 2 − sin2 θ log e a 1r a 2k log e a 2r a 3k log e a 3r a 4k
Ans. (a) Note that | A | will be minimum if sin2 θ is
log e a a r k
log e a a r k
log e a 6r a 7k = 0
Let maximum i.e. if sin2 θ takes value 1. 4 5
r k
5
r
6
k
1 + cos θ
2
sin θ 4 cos6 θ
2 log e a a log e a a log e a 9r a 10k
Q | A |min = 8, 7 8 8 9
∆= cos2 θ 1 + sin2 θ 4 cos6 θ therefore (d + 2) 2 − 1 = 8 On applying elementary operations
cos2 θ sin2 θ 1+ 4 cos6θ ⇒ (d + 2) 2 = 9 C 2 → C 2 − C 1 and C 3 → C 3 − C 1 , we get
⇒ d + 2 = ± 3 ⇒ d = 1, − 5
=0 log e a 1r a 2k log e a 2r a 3k − log e a 1r a 2k
ApplyingC 1 → C 1 + C 2 , we get 2 b 1 log e a 4r a 5k log e a 5r a 6k − log e a 4r a 5k
69 Let A = b b2 + 1 b, where b> 0.
2 sin2 θ 4 cos6 θ log e a 7r a 8k log e a 8r a 9k − log e a 7r a 8k
∆ = 2 1 + sin2 θ 4 cos6 θ = 0 log e a 3r a 4k − log e a 1r a 2k
1 b 2
1 sin2 θ 1+ 4 cos6 θ log e a 6r a 7k − log e a 4r a 5k = 0
det (A)
Then, the minimum value of log e a 9r a 10k − log e a 7r a 8k
Applying R 1 → R 1 − 2R 3 and R 2 → R 2 − 2R 3 ,
we get b
ara k
0 − sin2 θ − 2 − 4 cos6 θ
is [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] log e a 1r a 2k log e 2r 3k
a a
(a) − 3 (b) −2 3 1 2
∆ = 0 1 − sin2 θ − 2 − 4 cos6 θ = 0
(c) 2 3 (d) 3 ara k
1 sin2 θ 1+ 4 cos6 θ ⇒ log e a 4a 5 log e 5r 6k
r k
Ans. (c) 2 b 1 a 4a 5
On expanding w.r.t.C 1 , we get Given matrix A = b b 2 + 1 b , b > 0 a 8r a 9k
log e a 7r a 8k log e r k
⇒sin2 θ(2 + 4 cos 6θ) + (2 + 4 cos 6 θ) 1 b 2 a 7a 8
(1 − sin2 θ) = 0 2 b 1 a ra k
⇒ 2 + 4 cos6 θ = 0 log e 3r 4k
So, det (A) = | A | = b b + 1 b
2
a1 a2
1 2π
⇒ cos6 θ = − = cos 1 b 2 a ra k
2 3 log e 6r 7k = 0
2π π π a 4a 5
⇒ 6θ = ⇒θ= Qθ ∈ 0, = 2 [2(b 2 + 1) − b 2 ] − b (2b − b) +1 (b 2 − b 2 − 1)
3 9 3 = 2[2b 2 + 2 − b 2 ] − b 2 − 1
a 9r a 10k
log e r k
= 2b 2 + 4 − b 2 − 1 = b 2 + 3 a 7a 8
68 Let d ∈R, and
det(A) b 2 + 3 3
−2 4+d (sin θ) − 2 ⇒ = =b+ m
Qlog e m − log e n = log e
A= 1 , b b b
(sin θ) + 2 d n
Now, by AM ≥ GM, we get
5 (2 sin θ) − d (− sin θ) + 2 + 2d 3 [Qa 1 , a 2 , a 3 .......,a 10 are in GP, therefore
b+ 1/2
put a 1 = a, a 2 = aR, a 3 = aR 2 ,..., a 10 = aR 9 ]
θ ∈[θ, 2π]. If the minimum value of b ≥ b × 3 {Qb > 0 }
2 b
det(A) is 8, then a value of d is + k ar + k Rr +2 k
3 log e a r Rk log e r + k k
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] ⇒ b+ ≥2 3 a R
b
(a) −5 (b) −7 ar + k R4 +5 k
det (A)
=2 3 ⇒ log e a r + k R 3 r + 4 k log e r + k 3 r + 4 k
(c) 2 ( 2 + 1) (d) 2 ( 2 + 2) So, minimum value of
a R
b
Ans. (a) a r + k R 7r + 8 k
70 Let a 1 , a 2 , a 3 .....,a 10 be in GP with log e a r + k R 6 r + 7 k log e r + k 6 r + 7 k
Given, a
−2 4+ d (sinθ) − 2 a i > 0 for i = 1, 2,.....,10 and S be the R
A = 1 (sinθ) + 2 d set of pairs (r, k ), r, k ∈ N (the set of ar + k R2r + 3 k
log e r + k
natural numbers) for which a Rk
5 (2 sinθ) − d (− sinθ) + 2 + 2d
loge a 1r a 2k loge a 2r a 3k loge a 3r a 4k ar + k R5 r + 6 k
−2 4+ d (sinθ) − 2 log e r + k 3 r + 4 k = 0
∴ |A | = 1 (sinθ) + 2 d loge a 4r a 5k loge a 5r a 6k loge a 6r a 7k a R
loge a 7r a 8k loge a 8r a 9k loge a 9r a 10k a r + k R 8r + 9 k
5 (2 sinθ) − d (− sinθ) + 2 + 2d log e r + k 6 r + 7 k
a R
=0
66 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
+ k + k
log e (a r R k ) log e R r ⇒ x + a + b + c = ± (a + b + c) 5x − 4 2x 2x
⇒ log e a r +k
R 3r + 4 k
log e R r + k
⇒ x = − 2(a + b + c) 5x − 4 x − 4 2x = (A + Bx)(x − A) 2
log e a r +k
R 6r + 7 k
log e R r + k
[Qx ≠ 0] 5x − 4 2x x − 4
1 sinθ 1
log e R 2 r +2k
Taking common (5x − 4) from C 1 , we get
log e R 2r + 2 k
=0 72 If A = − sinθ 1 sinθ; then
1 2x 2x
log e R 2r + 2 k − 1 − sinθ 1 (5x − 4) 1 x − 4 2x = (A + Bx)(x − A) 2
r + k + k 3π 5π 1 2x x − 4
R ) log e R r for all θ ∈ , , det(A) lies in the
k
log e (a
⇒ log e (a r + k
R 3r + 4 k
) log e R r + k 4 4 Apply R 2 → R 2 − R 1 and R 3 → R 3 − R 1
r + k 6r + 7 k + k interval 1 2x 0
log e (a R ) log e R r
[2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] ∴ (5x − 4) 0 − x − 4 0
2log e R r + k
3 5 0 0 −x − 4
+ k
=0 (a) , 3 (b) , 4
2log e R r 2 2 = (A + Bx)(x − A) 2
+ k
2log e R r 3 5
(c) 0, (d) 1, Expanding alongC 1 , we get
[Qlog mn = n log m and here 2 2 (5x − 4)(x + 4) 2 = (A + Bx)(x − A) 2
log e R 2r + 2 k
= log e R 2 (r + k ) = 2log e R r + k ] Ans. (a) Equating, we get A = −4 and B = 5
Q Column C 2 and C 3 are proportional, 1 sinθ 1
Given matrix A = − sinθ 1 sinθ 74 Let k be an integer such that the
So, value of determinant will be zero for
any value of (r, k), r, k ∈N . triangle with vertices (k , − 3k ), (5, k )
−1 − sinθ 1
and (− k , 2) has area 28 sq units.
∴Set ‘S’ has infinitely many elements. 1 sinθ 1 Then, the orthocentre of this
a −b−c 2a 2a ⇒ det(A) = | A | = − sinθ 1 sinθ triangle is at the point
−1 − sinθ 1 [JEE Main 2017]
71 If 2b b−c −a 2b
= 1(1 + sin θ) − sinθ(− sinθ + sinθ)
2 1 3
2c 2c c −a −b (a) 2, − (b) 1,
+1(sin2 θ + 1) 2 4
= (a + b + c) (x + a + b + c) , x ≠ 0 and 2
3 1
⇒ | A | = 2 (1 + sin2 θ) …(i) (c) 1, − (d) 2,
a + b + c ≠ 0, then x is equal to 4 2
3π 5π
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] As we know that, for θ ∈ ,
4 4 Ans. (d)
(a) − (a + b + c) (b) − 2(a + b + c)
(c) 2(a + b + c) 1 1 Given, vertices of triangle are
(d) abc sinθ ∈ − ,
2 2 (k, − 3k), (5, k) and (− k, 2).
Ans. (b)
k − 3k 1
a −b − c 2a 2a 1
⇒ sin2 θ ∈ 0, ∴
1
1 = ± 28
2 5 k
Let ∆ = 2b b − c −a 2b 2
−k 2 1
c −a −b 1
2c 2c ⇒ 1 + sin2 θ ∈ 0 + 1, + 1 − 3k 1
2 k
Applying R 1 → R 1 + R 2 + R 3 , we get ⇒ 5 k 1 = ± 56
3
a+b+ c a+b+ c a+b+ c ⇒ 1 + sin2 θ ∈ 1, −k 2 1
2
∆= 2b b − c −a 2b
3 ⇒ k (k − 2) + 3k (5 + k) + 1(10 + k 2 ) = ± 56
2c 2c c −a −b ⇒ 2(1 + sin2 θ) ∈ [2, 3) ⇒| A | ∈ [2, 3) ⊂ , 3 ⇒ k 2 − 2k + 15k + 3k 2 + 10 + k 2 = ± 56
1 1 1 2
⇒ 5k 2 + 13k + 10 = ± 56
= (a + b + c) 2b b − c − a 2b x − 4 2x 2x
⇒ 5k + 13k − 66 = 0 or 5k 2 + 13k − 46 = 0
2
2c 2c c −a −b 73 If 2x x − 4 2x
⇒ k =2 [Qk ∈I]
(taking common (a + b + c) from R 1 ) 2x 2x x − 4 Thus, the coordinates of vertices of
triangle are A(2, − 6), B(5, 2) and C (− 2, 2).
ApplyingC 2 → C 2 − C 1 and C 3 → C 3 − C 1 ,
= (A + Bx) (x − A) 2 , then the ordered Y
we get
pair (A, B) is equal to [JEE Main 2018]
∆
1 0 0 (a) (−4, − 5) (b) (−4, 3) C (–2, 2) D
B (5, 2)
= (a + b + c ) 2b − (a + b + c ) 0
(c) (−4, 5) (d) (4, 5) (2, 1/2)
2c 0 − (a + b + c ) Ans. (c) E
Given, X′
O
X
Now, expanding along R 1 , we get
x − 4 2x 2x
∆ = (a + b + c) 1. {(a + b + c) 2 − 0 } 2x x − 4 2x = (A + Bx)(x − A) 2 A (2, –6)
= (a + b + c) 3 = (a + b + c)(x + a + b + c) 2 2x 2x x − 4 Y′
(given)
⇒ Apply C 1 → C 1 + C 2 + C 3 Now, equation of altitude from vertex Ais
⇒ (x + a + b + c) 2 = (a + b + c) 2
Matrices and Determinants 67
y − (− 6) =
−1
(x − 2)
76 Let P and Q be 3 × 3 matrices P ≠ Q. (a) zero
2−2 If P 3 = Q 3 and P 2 Q = Q 2 P, then (b) any even integer
− 2 − 5 determinant of (P 2 + Q 2 ) is equal to (c) any odd integer
[AIEEE 2012] (d) any integer
⇒ x =2 …(i)
(a) –2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) –1 Ans. (c)
Equation of altitude from vertexC is
Ans. (c) a a+ 1 a−1
−1
y −2= [x − (− 2)] − b b + 1 b − 1 + (− 1) n
2 − (− 6) Given
5−2 (i) Two matrices P and Q of order 3 × 3 c c−1 c+ 1
such that P ≠ Q . a + 1 b+ 1 c −1
1
⇒ 3x + 8y − 10 = 0 …(ii)
(ii) P 3 = Q 3 and P 2 Q = Q 2 P
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get x = 2 a − 1 b−1 c + 1
1 To find The value of determinant of a −b c
and y = .
2 P2 + Q 2 .
1 a a+ 1 a−1
∴ Orthocentre = 2, On subtracting the given equations, we get
2 = −b b + 1 b − 1 + (− 1) n
P −P Q =Q −Q P
3 2 3 2
⇒ P 2 (P − Q ) = Q 2 (Q − P) c c−1 c+ 1
75 If α, β ≠ 0, f (n) = α + β and n n
⇒ (P − Q )(P 2 + Q 2 ) = 0
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) a+ 1 a − 1 a
Now, since P≠Q [given]
1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) b+ 1 b−1 −b [Q| A | = | AT |]
⇒ P − Q ≠0
c −1 c+1 c
1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) 1 + f (4) ⇒ | P2 + Q 2 | = 0
∴ P2 + Q 2 = 0 a a+ 1 a−1
= K (1 − α) 2 (1 − β) 2 (α − β) 2 , then K is
= −b b + 1 b − 1 + (− 1) n + 1
equal to [JEE Main 2014] 77 Statement I Determinant of a
1 c c−1 c+ 1
(a) αβ (b) (c) 1 (d) − 1 skew- symmetric matrix of order 3
αβ is zero. a+ 1 a a−1
Two determinants can be multiplied Statement II For any matrix A, b + 1 −b b−1 [C 2 ↔ C 3 ]
row-to-row or row-to-column. c −1 c c+1
f (n) = α n + β n f(1) = α + β, det(AT ) = det(A)
f (2) = α 2 + β 2 , f (3) = α 3 + β 3 , f (4) = α 4 + β 4 and det(− A) = − det(A). a a+ 1 a−1
Ans. (c) Then, [AIEEE 2011] = [1 + (− 1) n + 2 ] −b b + 1 b − 1
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) (a) Statement I is true and Statement II is c c −1 c + 1
false
Let ∆ = 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) This is equal to zero only, if n + 2 is odd
(b) Both statements are true
1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) 1 + f (4) i.e., n is an odd integer.
(c) Both statements are false
⇒ 3 1+ α+ β 1 + α 2 + β2 (d) Statement I is false and Statement II is 79 Let A be a square matrix all of
∆ = 1+ α + β 1 + α 2 + β2 1 + α3 + β3 true
whose entries are integers. Then,
1 + α 2 + β2 1 + α3 + β3 1 + α4 + β4 Ans. (a) which one of the following is true ?
1⋅ 1 + 1⋅ 1 + 1⋅ 1 1⋅ 1 + 1⋅ α + 1⋅ β Determinant of skew-symmetric matrix [AIEEE 2008]
of odd order is zero and of even order is
= 1⋅ 1 + α ⋅ 1 + β ⋅ 1 1⋅ 1 + α ⋅ α + α ⋅ β (a) If det (A) = ± 1, then A−1 need not exist
perfect square.
1⋅ 1 + 1⋅ α 2 + 1⋅ β 2 1⋅ 1 + α 2 ⋅ α + β 2 ⋅ β So, Statement I is true. (b) If det (A) = ± 1, then A−1 exists but all its
1⋅ 1 + 1⋅ α + 1⋅ β
2 2
Now, det (AT ) = det (A) entries are not necessarily integers
1⋅ 1 + α ⋅ α 2 + β ⋅ β 2 and det (− A) = (− 1) n det (A) (c) If det (A) ≠ ± 1, then A−1 exists and all its
1⋅ 1 + α 2 ⋅ α 2 + β 2 ⋅ β 2 So, Statement II is false.
entries are non-integers
1 1 1 1 1 1 (d) If det (A) = ± 1, then A−1 exists and all its
= 1 α β 1 α β 78 Let a, b and c be such that entries are integers
1 α2 β2 1 α2 β2 (b + c ) ≠ 0.
Ans. (d)
2
a a +1 a −1
1 1 1 As det (A) = ± 1, A −1 exists.
If −b b + 1 b − 1
= 1 α β 1
1 α2 β2
c c −1 c +1 And A −1 = (adj A)
det (A)
On expanding, we get
a +1 b+1 c −1
= ± (adj A)
∆ = (1 − α) 2 (1 − β) 2 (α − β 2 ) + a −1 b−1 c + 1 = 0,
All entries in adj (A) are integers.
Hence,K (1 − α) 2 (1 − β) 2 (α − β) 2 (− 1) n + 2 a (− 1) n + 1 b (− 1) n c
Hence, A −1 has integer entries.
= (1 − α) 2 (1 − β) 2 (α − β) 2
then the value of ‘n’ is [AIEEE 2009]
∴ K =1
68 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (a) 1 (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
1 1 1
Since, A 2 − B 2 = (A − B)(A + B) = 1 1 + b 2 x (1 + c 2 ) x
80 If D = 1 1 + x 1 for x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0, ∴ A 2 − B 2 = A 2 − B 2 + AB − BA 1 (1 + b ) x 1 + c x
2 2
1 1 1+ y ⇒ AB = BA
[Qa 2 + b 2 + c 2 = − 2, given]
then D is [AIEEE 2007] 1 2 a 0 Applying R 1 → R 1 − R 3 , R 2 → R 2 − R 3 , we
(a) divisible by neither x nor y 83 Let A = and B = ; get
3 4 0 b
(b) divisible by both x and y 0 0 x −1
a , b ∈ N.
(c) divisible by x but not y = 0 1− x x −1
Then, [AIEEE 2006]
(d) divisible by y but not x
(a) there exists more than one but finite 1 (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c 2 x
Ans. (b) number of B’s such that AB = BA
1 1 1 0 x−1
(b) there exists exactly oneBsuch that =
Given that, D = 1 1 + x 1 1− x x − 1
AB = BA
1 1 1+ y
(c) there exist infnitely many B’s such = (x − 1) 2
ApplyingC 2 → C 2 − C 1 and C 3 → C 3 − C 1 , that AB = BA Hence,f (x) is of degree 2.
1 0 0 (d) there cannot exist anyBsuch that
= 1 x 0 = xy AB = BA 85 If a 1 , a 2 ,. . ., a n ,. . . are in GP, then
1 0 y Ans. (c) the determinant
log a n log a n + 1 log a n + 2
Hence, D is divisible by both x and y. Given that,
1 2 a 0 ∆ = log a n + 3 log a n + 4 log a n + 5
A= and B = 0 b
5 5 α α 3 4 log a n + 6 log a n + 7 log a n + 8
1 2 a 0 a 2b
81 Let A = 0 α 5 α. If | A2 | = 25, Now, AB = =
is equal to [AIEEE 2005, 2004]
3 4 0 b 3a 4b (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 1
0 0 5
a 0 1 2 a 2a
and BA = = Ans. (c)
then | α| is equal to [AIEEE 2007]
0 b 3 4 3b 4b
1 Since,a 1 , a 2 ,..., a n ,...are in GP, then
(a) 52 (b) 1 (c) (d) 5
5 If AB = BA, then a = b.
log a n ,log a n + 1 ,log a n + 2 ,...,log a n + 8 ,...
Ans. (c) Hence, AB = BA is possible for infinitely
are in AP.
5 5α α many values of B’s.
Since, A = 0 α 5α Given that,
84 If a 2 + b2 + c 2 = − 2 and log a n log a n + 1 log a n + 2
0 0 5
1 + a 2 x (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x ∆ = log a n + 3 log a n + 4 log a n + 5
5 5α α 5 5α α
f (x) = (1 + a 2 ) x 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x , log a n + 6 log a n + 7 log a n + 8
∴ A 2 = 0 α 5α 0 α 5α
(1 + a 2 ) x (1 + b2 ) x 1 + c 2 x a + d a + 2d
0 0 5 0 0 5 a
25 25α + 5α 2 10α + 25α 2 then f (x) is a polynomial of degree ∴ ∆ = a + 3d a + 4d a + 5d = 0
[AIEEE 2005] a + 6d a + 7d a + 8d
= 0 α2 5α 2 + 25α
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 1
0 0 25 where a and d are the first term and
Ans. (a) common difference of an AP.
25 25α + 5α 2
10 α + 25α 2
Given that, ApplyingC 2 → C 2 − C 1 ,C 3 → C 3 − C 1 ,
⇒ | A2 | = 0 α2 5α 2 + 25α 1 + a 2 x (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x a d 2d
0 0 25 f (x) = (1 + a 2 ) x 1 + b 2 x (1 + c 2 ) x ⇒ ∆ = a + 3d d 2d
α2 25α + 5α 2 (1 + a ) x (1 + b ) x 1 + c x
2 2 2
a + 6d d 2d
= 25 = 625α 2
0 25 ApplyingC 1 → C 1 + C 2 + C 3 , we get = 0 [since, two columns are similar]
⇒ 625α 2 = 25 [given] 1 + a2 x + x + b2 x + x + c2 x
1
f (x) = x + a 2 x + 1 + b 2 x + x + c 2 x
0 0 −1
∴ |α | =
5 x + a 2 x + x + b 2 x + 1 + c 2 x 86 Let A = 0 −1 0 . The only
82 If A and B are square matrices of
(1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x −1 0 0
size n × n such that 1 + b 2 x (1 + c 2 ) x
correct statement about the matrix
A2 − B2 = (A − B)(A + B), then which (1 + b ) x 1 + c x
2 2
A is [AIEEE 2004]
of the following will be always true?
1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x (a) A is a zero matrix
(a) AB = BA [AIEEE 2006]
= 1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x (b) A = (−1) I , where I is a unit matrix
(b) Either of A or B is a zero matrix (c) A−1 does not exist
1 + (a + b + c + 2) x (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c 2 x
2 2 2
(c) Either of A or B is an identity matrix
(d) A2 = I
(d) A =B
Matrices and Determinants 69
Ans. (d) 0 0 −1 log l
p 1 TOPIC 3
The given matrix, A = 0 −1 0 Now, log m q 1 Adjoint and Inverse
log n r 1
−1 0 0 of Matrices
(a) It is clear that A is not a zero matrix. log A + (p − 1) log R p 1
1 0 0 1 2
= log A + (q − 1) log R q 1
(b) Now, (−1) I = − 1 0 1 0 log A + (r − 1) log R 1 91 If A = 5 5 , B = 1 0 , i = −1
r
0 0 1 −2 1 i 1
Applying
−1 0 0 C 1 → C 1 − [C 3 log A + (C 2 − C 3 ) log R], 5 5
= 0 −1 0 ≠ A , and Q = AT BA, then the inverse of
0 p 1
0 0 −1 the matrix AQ 2021 AT is equal to
= 0 q 1 =0
∴ (−1) I ≠ A [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
0 r 1
0 −1 1
(c) Now, | A | = 0 + 0 − 1 = − 1 (−1) = 1 − 2021
−1 −3 i 5 1 0
0 6i 1 (a) (b)
2021 1 −2021i 1
Since, | A | ≠ 0, so A −1
exists. 89 If 4 3i −1 = x + iy, then 5
0 0 −1 0 0 −1
20 3 i 1 0 1 −2021i
(d) Now, A 2 = 0 −1 0 0 −1 0 (c) d(c)
[AIEEE 2002] 2021i 1 0 1
−1 0 0 −1 0 0
(a) x = 3, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 3
1 0 0 Ans. (b)
(c) x = 0, y = 3 (d) x = 0, y = 0
⇒ A 2 = 0 1 0 ∴ A2 =I 1 2 1 −2
Ans. (d)
AA = 5 5 5 5
0 0 1
T
6i − 3i 1 −2 1 2 1
87 If 1, ω ω 2 are the cube roots of Given that, 4 3i −1 = x + iy 5 5
5 5
20 3 i 1 0
1 ω n ω2n AAT = =I
Applying R 1 → R 1 + R 2 0 1
unity, then ∆ = ω n ω 2 n 1 is
6i + 4 0 0 Now, Q 2 = AT BAAT BA
ω2n 1 ωn ⇒ Q 2 = AT B 2 A
⇒ 4 3i −1 = x + iy
equal to [AIEEE 2003] 20 3 i Again, Q 3 = (AT BA) (AT B 2 A) = AT B 3 A
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ω (d) ω2 Similarly,
3i −1
⇒ (6i + 4) = x + iy Q 2021 = AT B 2021 A
Ans. (a) 3 i
1 ω n
ω 2n
AQ A = A (AT B 2021 A) AT
2021 T
Given that, ∆ = ωn ω2 n 1 ⇒ (6i + 4) (3i 2 + 3) = x + iy = (AAT ) B 2021 (AAT ) = B 2021
⇒ 0 + 0i = x + iy 1 0
ω2 n 1 ωn B=
∴ x = 0 and y = 0 i 1
= 1 (ω3 n − 1) − ωn (ω2 n − ω2 n ) + ω2 n (ωn − ω4 n )
1 0 1 0
= 1 (1 − 1) − 0 + ω2 n (ωn − ωn ) [Qω3 = 1] B2 = , similarly B 2021 =
90 If ω(≠ 1) is a cubic root of unity, then 2i 1 2021 i 1
=0
88 If l , m and n are the pth, qth and rth 1 1 + i + ω2 ω2 adj(B 2021 ) 1 0
(B 2021 ) −1 = =
1− i −1 ω 2 − 1 is equal to | B 2021 | −2021 i 1
terms of a GP and all positive, then
log l p 1 − i −1 + ω − i −1
92 Let A be a 3 × 3 real matrix.
log m q 1 is equal to [AIEEE 2002]
If det(2Adj(2 Adj(Adj(2A)))) = 2 41 ,
log n r 1 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) i (d) ω
then the value of det(A2 ) equal
[AIEEE 2002] Ans. (a) [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 Ans. (4)
1 1+ i + ω 2
ω 2
Ans. (d) Let ∆ = 1 − i −1 ω2 − 1 We have, A is a square matrix of3 × 3.
Since,l , m and n are the pth, qth and rth −i −1 + ω − i −1 Now, 2Adj(2Adj (Adj (2A)))
terms of a GP whose first term is A and = 2Adj (2Adj(23 − 1 adjA))
Applying R 1 → R 1 + R 3 , we get
common ratio is R. [Q adj(KA) = K n − 1 adj A]
∴ l = AR p − 1 1 −i −1 ω2 − 1 = 2Adj(2Adj (4Adj A))
= 1 −i −1 ω2 − 1 [Q ω + ω2 = −1] = 2Adj(2 × 43 − 1 Adj Adj A)
⇒ log l = log A + (p − 1) log R
−i −1 + ω − i −1 = 2Adj(32 Adj Adj A)
Similarly, log m = log A + (q − 1) log R
and log n = log A + (r − 1) log R =0 [since, two rows are identical] = 2 × 323 − 1 Adj Adj Adj A
= 211 Adj Adj Adj A
70 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
= 211 Adj(| A |3 − 2 A) determinant of the matrix A3 + B3 is 4 3
=
= 2 Adj(| A | A)
11 equal to [2021, 27 July Shift-II] 0 1
= 211 × | A |3 − 1 Adj A (a) 2 (b) 4 2 3 2 4 3
A= , A = 0 1
= 211 × | A |2 AdjA
(c) 1 (d) 0 0 − 1
Ans. (d) A3 = A2 ⋅ A
Now, | 2Adj(2 Adj(Adj(2A)))| = 241
⇒ | 211 × | A |2 Adj A | = 241 Let C = A − B , |C | ≠ 0
2 2
4 3 2 3
=
11 ) 3
⇒ (2 ( | A |2 ) 3 | Adj A | = 241 (QC is invertible matrix, |C | ≠ 0) 0 1 0 − 1
Now, A5 = B 5 …(i) 8 9
⇒ 233 | A |6 | A |3 − 1 = 241 =
and A B = A2 B 3
3 2
…(ii)
⇒ | A |6 × | A |2 = 28 0 − 1
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i),
⇒ | A |8 = 28 A4 = A3 ⋅ A
A5 − A3B 2 = B 5 − A2 B 3
⇒ |A|=±2 8 9 2 3
⇒ A (A 2 − B 2 ) = B 3 (B 2 − A 2 )
3
=
Now, | A 2 | = | A |2 = (± 2) 2 = 4
⇒ A (A 2 − B 2 ) + B 3 (A 2 − B 2 ) = 0
3 0 − 1 0 − 1
16 15
1 2 ⇒ (A 3 + B 3 ) (A 2 − B 2 ) = 0 =
93 Let A = . If Multiplying inverse of (A 2 − B 2 ) on both 0 1
−1 4 sides 2n 2n − (− 1) n
A −1 = αI + βA, α, β ∈R, I is a 2 × 2 An =
A3 + B 3 = 0
0 (− 1) n
identity matrix, then 4(α − β) is
equal to 95 Let A = {a ij } be a 3 × 3 matrix, where 210 210 − 1
[2021, 27 July Shift-I] A 10 =
(a) 5 (b) 8/3 (c) 2 (d) 4 (−1) j − i if i < j 0 1
Ans. (d) 2A =
4 6
a ij = 2 if i = j
1 2
(−1) i + j if i > j 0 − 2
A =
− 1 4 adj (2A) =
− 2 − 6
−1
A = αI + βA, α, β∈R then det [3Adj (2A −1 )] is equal to 0 4
adj A [2021, 20 July Shift-II] 1 3
A− 1 = adj (2A) = − 2
|A| Ans. (108) 0 − 2
a b d − b 2 −1 1 a b
If X= adjX = − c Qx = c d
c d a Given, A = − 1 2 − 1
1 − 1 2 d − b
4 − 2 adj ( x) =
Similarly, adj A = − c a
Now, | A | = 2(4 − 1) + 1 (− 2 + 1) + 1(1 − 2)
1 1
=6− 1− 1=4 1 3 1 3
| A | = 4 − (− 2) = 6 [adj (2A)] 2 = 4
Then, | 3 adj(2A − 1 ) | = 33 | adj(2 A − 1 ) | 0 − 2 0 − 2
1 4 − 2 = 27 | (2A − 1 ) |2 1 − 3
∴ A− 1 = =4
6 1 1 = 27 | 2A − 1 | ⋅ | 2A − 1 | 0 4
Now, A − 1 = αI + βA = 27 ⋅ 23 | A − 1 | ⋅ 23 | A − 1 | 1 − 3 1 3
= 27 ⋅26 | A − 1 |2 [adj (2A)] 3 = 4 × (− 2)
α 0 β 2β 0 4 0 − 2
= + 1
0 α − β 4β = 27 ⋅ 26 ⋅ 1 9
| A |2 = − 8
α + β 2β 0 − 8
= 1
− β α + 4β = 27 ⋅ 26 ⋅ 2
1 (− 1) n [2n − (− 1) n ]
4 [adj (2A)] n = (− 2) n
2 1 (− 1) n 2n
2β 3 − 3 = 108 0
α + β
− β α + 4β = 1 1 2 3 10 1 − (210 − 1)
[adj (2A)] = 2
10
6 6 96 If A = , then the value of 0 210
1 2 0 −1
∴ β=− ⇒α+β= Now, A 10 − [adj (2A)] 10
6 3 det (A 4 ) + det[A 10 − (Adj (2A)) 10 ] is
equal to ……… . 210 210 − 1 210 − (220 − 210 )
⇒
4 1 5
α= + = = −
6 6 6 [2021, 17 March Shift-I] 0 1 0 220
5 1 Ans. (16)
∴ 4(α − β) = 4 + = 4 0 2⋅210 − 220 − 1
6 6 2 3 =
If A = 0 1 − 220
0 − 1
94 Let A and B be two 3 × 3 real det| A 10 − adj(2 A) 10 | = 0
det(A 4 ) + det[A 10 − [Adj (2A)] 10 ]
matrices such that (A2 − B2 ) is ∴ det(A 4 ) + det[A 10 − adj (2A) 10 ]
invertible matrix. If A 5 = B 5 and 2 3 2 3
A⋅ A = = (−21) 4 + 0 = 16
A3 B2 = A2 B3 , then the value of the 0 − 1 0 − 1
Matrices and Determinants 71
97 Let θ Ans. (17)
0 − tan 3 − 1 − 2
−30 20 56 2
98 If A = and Given, P = 2 0 α
θ
P = 90 140 112 and tan 0
3 − 5 0
120 60 14 2
a − b 3 − 1 −2
2 7 ω2 (I2 + A) (I2 − A) −1 = , then
b a ⇒ |P|= 2 0 α = (20 + 12α)
A = −1 −ω 1 13 (a 2 + b2 ) is equal to ………… . 3 −5 0
0 −ω −ω +1 [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
According to the question,
Ans. (13) PQ = kI 3 ⇒Q = kP − 1I 3
−1 + i 3
where, ω = , and I3 be the θ
− tan Now, Q =
k
(adj P) I 3
2 0 2 |P|
A=
tan θ
identity matrix of order 3. If the 5α − 10 −α
0
determinant of the matrix 2 =
k 3α − 6 − 3α − 4
(P −1 AP − I3 ) 2 is αω 2 , then the value a − b (20 + 12α)
and (I 2 + A) (I 2 − A) − 1 = − 10 12 − 2
of α is equal to……… . b a 1 0 0
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] 0 1 0
Ans. (36) ⇒ | (I 2 + A) (I 2 − A) − 1 | = a 2 + b 2
| I2 + A | 0 0 1
− 30 20 56 ⇒ a2 + b2 = … (i) k
Given, P = 90 140 112 | I2 − A | Q q 23 = −
8
120 60 14 Now, k k
θ ∴ (− 3α − 4) = −
2 ω2 0 − tan (20 + 12α) 8
7 1 0 2
I2 + A = +
A = − 1 − ω 1 ⇒ 2(3α + 4) = 5 + 3α
0 1 tan θ 0
0 − ω − ω + 1 2 ⇒ 3α = − 3
⇒ α=−1
| (P − 1 AP − I 3 ) |2 = α ω2 θ
1 − tan k3 | I |
⇒ | (P − 1 AP − I 3 ) (P − 1 AP − I 3 ) | = αω2 2 Also, | Q | =
= |P|
⇒ | P − 1 AP P − 1 AP − P − 1 API 3 tan θ 1
− I 3 P − 1 AP + I 3 ⋅I 3 | = αω2 2 k2 k3
⇒ =
⇒ | P − 1 A 2 P − P − 1 AP − P − 1 AP + I 3 | = αω2 2 20 + 12α
θ
1 tan
[QPP − 1 = I and IA = A] 2 ⇒ 20 + 12α = 2k
Similarly,I 2 − A =
⇒ | P − 1 A 2 P − 2P − 1 AP + PP − 1 | = αω2 − tan θ 1
⇒ 2k = 20 − 12 [Qα = − 1]
⇒ | P − 1 (A 2 − 2A + I 3 ) P | = αω2 2 ⇒ 2k = 8
⇒ | P − 1 | | A − I 3 |2 | P | = αω2 θ k =4
Here, | I 2 + A | = | I 2 − A | = 1 + tan2 ∴Required value of k 2 + α 2 = 42 + (− 1) 2
⇒ | P − 1 P | | A − I 3 | 2 = αω2 2
⇒ | A − I 3 |2 = αω2 = 17
| I2 + A |
⇒ =1 … (ii)
2 7 ω2 1 0 0 | I2 − A | 100 Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that
| A − I3 | = − 1 − ω 1 − 0 1 0 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 2 −1 1
adjA = −1 0 2 and
0 − ω − ω + 1 0 0 1 a2 + b2 = 1
1 7 ω2 Now, 13(a 2 + b 2 ) = 13 × 1 = 13 1 −2 −1
= − 1 −ω− 1 1
3 − 1 − 2 B = adj (adj A)
99 Let P = 2 0 α , where α ∈R.
0 −ω −ω If | A| = λ and | (B −1 ) T | = µ, then the
On applyingC 2 → C 2 − C 3 , we get ordered pair, (| λ |, µ) is equal to
3 − 5 0
1 7 − ω2 ω2 [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
| A − I3 | = − 1 − ω − 2 1 Suppose Q = [q ij ] is a matrix (a) (3, 81)
1
(b) 9,
81
0 0 −ω satisfying PQ = kI3 for some
k 1 1
= − ω [(− ω − 2) − (− 7 + ω2 )] non-zero k ∈R. If q 23 = − and (c) 9, (d) 3,
8 9 81
= − ω (− ω − 2 + 7 − ω2 )
k2 Ans. (d)
= − ω (1 − 2 + 7) = − 6 ω | Q | = , then α + k is equal to
2 2
2 −1 1
| A − I3 | = − 6 ω
2 It is given that,adj(A) = −1 0 2
......... . [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
| A − I 3 |2 = 36ω2 = αω2 1 −2 −1
∴ α = 36
72 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ |adj A | = 2(0 + 4) + 1(1 − 2) + 1(2) = 9 Q | KA | = K n | A |, whereK is a scalar and n 5 2α 1
Q |adj A | = | A |3 − 1 is the order of square matrix A.
| adj B | | A |4 | A |3
104 If B = 0 2 1 is the inverse of a
⇒ | A |2 = |adj A | ⇒| A | = ± 3 ⇒ | λ | = 3 ∴ = =
Q B = adj (adj A) |C | 27 | A | 27 α 3 −1
⇒ | B | = | A | (3 − 1 ) = | A |4 = 81 3 × 3 matrix A, then the sum of all
2
1 1 2
Q | ( B −1 ) T | = | B −1 | =
1
=
1 Q |A|= 1 3 4 values of α for which det (A) + 1 = 0, is
| B | 81 1 −1 3
1
⇒ µ= [2019, 12 April Shift-I]
81 = 1 (9 + 4) − 1 (3 − 4) + 2 (− 1 − 3)
(a) 0 (b) −1 (c) 1 (d) 2
1 = 13 + 1 − 8 = 6
∴ (| λ |, µ ) is 3, Ans. (c)
81 | adj B | | A |3 63
So, = = = 23 = 8
|C | 27 27 Given matrix B is the inverse matrix of
Hence, option (d) is correct. 3 × 3 matrix A,
Hence, option (c) is correct. 5 2α 1
2 2 1 0
101 If A = and I = , then 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 n − 1 where B = 0 2 1
9 4 0 1 103 If . . ...
10A − 1 is equal to 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 α 3 − 1
1
(a) 6I − A (b) A − 6I (c) 4I − A (d) A − 4I 1 78 1 n We know that,det(A) =
= , then the inverse of det(B)
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
0 1 0 1
Qdet(A − 1 ) =
1
Ans. (b) det(A)
2 2 is [2019, 9 April Shift-I]
Given matrix A = Since, det(A) + 1 = 0 (given)
9 4 1 0 1 −13
(a) (b) 1
QCharacteristic equation of matrix A
12 1 0 1 + 1 = 0 ⇒ det(B) = − 1
det(B)
2− λ 2 1 0 1 −12
| A − λI | = 0 ⇒ =0 (c) (d) ⇒ 5(− 2 − 3) − 2α (0 − α) + 1 (0 − 2α) = − 1
9 4− λ 13 1 0 1
(2 − λ)(4 − λ) − 18 = 0 ⇒ − 25 + 2α 2 − 2α = − 1 ⇒
λ2 − 6λ − 10 = 0 Ans. (b) 2α 2 − 2α − 24 = 0
Each square matrix satisfies the Given, ⇒ α 2 − α − 12 = 0 ⇒
characteristic eq. 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 n − 1 1 78 (α − 4) (α + 3) = 0
... =
⇒ A 2 − 6A − 10I = 0
0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ⇒ α = − 3, 4
On multiplying both sides by A −1 , we get 1 1 1 2 1 2 + 1 So, required sum of all values ofα is
Q 0 = ,
AI − 6I − 10 A −1 = 0 1 0 1 0 1 4−3= 1
−1
(QAA = I) 1 2 + 1 1 3 1 3 + 2 + 1 cosθ − sinθ
⇒ 10 A −1 = A − 6I = , 105 If A = , then the
0
1 0 1 0 1 sinθ cosθ
Hence, option (b) is correct.
: : : π
matrix A −50 when θ = , is equal to
102 If the matrices : : : 12
1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 n − 1 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
∴ 0 1 0 1 0 1 ... 0
A = 1 3 4, B = adj A and C = 3A, 1 1 3 3 1
−
2
1 −1 3 1 (n − 1) + (n − 2) + ...+3 + 2 + 1 (a) 2 (b) 2 2
= − 3 1 1 3
| adj B| 0 1
2 2 2 2
then is equal to 1 n (n − 1)
| C| 1 78
= 2 = 3 1 3
0 1
1
0 1 −
2 2
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
(a) 16 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) 72 (c) 2 (d) 2
Ans. (c)
Since, both matrices are equal, so − 1 3 3 1
equating corresponding element, we get 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 n(n − 1)
= 78 ⇒ n(n − 1) = 156 Ans. (c)
Given matrices A = 1 3 4 B = adj (A) 2
= 13 × 12 = 13(13 − 1) cosθ − sinθ
1 − 1 3 We have, A =
⇒ n = 13 sinθ cosθ
and C =3A
1 13 1 −13
So, A = −1
∴ | A | = cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1
Now, | adj(B) | = | adj (adj(A)) | [QB = adj(A)] = A = 0 1
0 1 cosθ sinθ
and | adj(adj(A)) | = | A | (n − 1 ) , where n is
2
a b and adj A =
the order of square matrix A. [Qif | A | = 1 and A = , then − sinθ cosθ
∴ | adj(adj(A)) | = | A | (3 − 1 ) = | A |4
2
c d
a b d − b
d −b [QIf A =
| C | = | 3A | = 33 | A | = 27 | A | A −1 = , then adj A = − c a
]
and c d
−c a
Matrices and Determinants 73
cosθ sinθ −1 adj A Ans. (b) 51 84 72 − 63
⇒ A −1 = QA = (c) (d)
|A|= 63 72 − 84 51
− sinθ cosθ |A|
et e − t cos t e − t sint Ans. (b)
Note that, A −50 = (A −1 ) 50 −t −t −t
et
−e cos t − e sin t −e sint + e − t cos t 2 − 3
Now, A −2 = (A −1 )(A −1 ) We have, A =
et 2e − t sin t − 2e − t cos t − 4 1
cosθ sinθ cosθ sinθ
⇒ A −2 = 2 − 3 2 − 3
− sinθ cosθ − sinθ cosθ 1
cos t sint ∴ A2 = A⋅ A =
cos2 θ − sin2 θ cosθ sinθ + sinθ cosθ= (e t ) (e − t ) (e − t ) 1 − cos t − sin t − 4 1 − 4 1
= − sin t + cos t
− cosθ sinθ − cosθ sinθ − sin2 θ + cos2 θ − 2 cos t 4 + 12 − 6 − 3 16 − 9
1 2 sin t = =
(taking common from each column) − 8 − 4 12 + 1 − 12 13
cos2 θ sin2 θ
= Aplying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 and R 3 → R 3 − R 1 , Now,
− sin2 θ cos2 θ we get 16 − 9 2 − 3
3A 2 + 12A = 3 + 12 − 4 1
Also, A −3 = (A −2 )(A −1 ) 1 cos t sin t − 12 13
= e − t 0 − 2 cos t − sint − 2 sin t + cos t
cos2θ sin2θ cosθ sinθ 48 − 27 24 − 36
A −3 = 2 sint − cos t − 2 cost − sin t = +
0
− 36 39 − 48 12
− sin2θ cos2θ − sinθ cosθ
[Q e t − t = e 0 = 1] 72 − 63
cos3θ sin3θ = e − t ((2 cos t + sin t) 2 + (2 sin t − cos t) 2 ) =
=
− sin3θ cos3θ (expanding along column 1) − 84 51
= e − t (5 cos2 t + 5 sin2 t) 51 63
cos 50 θ sin 50 θ ∴ adj (3A 2 + 12A) =
Similarly, A −50 = = 5e − t (Qcos2 t + sin2 t = 1)
84 72
− sin 50 θ cos 50 θ ⇒ | A | = 5e − t ≠ 0 for all t ∈ R
∴ A is invertible for allt ∈ R. 5a − b
25 25 109 If A = and A adj A = AA ,
T
cos 6 π sin 6 π [Qif | A | ≠ 0, then A is invertible] 3 2
=
25 25
− sin π cos π 107 Let A and B be two invertible then 5a + b is equal to
6 6 [JEE Main 2016]
matrices of order 3 × 3. If
π (a) − 1 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 13
whenθ = det(ABAT ) = 8 and det(AB − 1 ) = 8,
12 Ans. (b)
then det(BA − 1BT ) is equal to
cos π π [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] 5a − b
sin Given, A = and A adj A = AAT
= 6 6 1 1 3 2
π π (a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 16
− sin cos 4 16 Clearly, A (adj A) = A I 2
6 6
Ans. (c) [Q if A is square matrix of order n, then
25 π π π A (adj A) = (adj A) ⋅ A = A I n ]
Qcos 6 = cos 4 π + 6 = cos 6 Given, | ABAT | = 8
⇒ | A | | B | | AT | = 8 [Q| XY | = | X | |Y |] 5a − b
= I 2 = (10a + 3b) I 2
and sin 25 π = sin 4 π + π = sin π ∴ | A |2 | B | = 8 3 2
…(i)
6 6 6 1 0
[Q| AT | = | A |] = (10a + 3b)
3 1
Also, we have | AB −1 | = 8 ⇒| A | | B −1 | = 8 0 1
= 2 2 |A| 10a + 3b 0
⇒ =8 …(ii) = ...(i)
−1 3 |B | 1 0 10 + 3
2 Q| A −1 | = | A |−1 = a b
2 | A | 5a − b 5a 3
and AAT =
e t e − t cost On multiplying Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
3 2 − b 2
t | A |3 = 8⋅ 8 = 43 ⇒| A | = 4
106 If A = e − e cost − e − t sint
−t
|A| 4 1 =
25a + b 2 15a − 2b
2
...(ii)
⇒ |B | = = =
e t 2e − t sint 8 8 2 15a − 2b 13
1 Q A (adj A) = AAT
e − t sint Now, | BA −1 BT | = | B | | B |
| A|
−t −t
− e sint + e cost 1 1 1 1 10a + 3b 0
= = ∴
−2e − t cost 2 4 2 16 0 10a + 3b
2 −3 25a 2 + b 2 15a − 2b
108 If A = =
, then adj (3A + 12A)
2
then A is [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
(a) invertible only when t = π − 4 1 15a − 2b 13
is equal to [using Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
(b) invertible for every t ∈ R [JEE Main 2016]
(c) not invertible for any t ∈ R 72 − 84 51 63 ⇒ 15a − 2b = 0
(a) (b) 2b
π − 63 51 84 72 ⇒ a= ...(iii)
(d) invertible only when t = 15
2
and 10a + 3b = 13 ...(iv)
74 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
On substituting the value of ‘a’ from This satisfies Eq. (iii) ⇒ (A −1 A) A − (A −1 A) + A −1 = O
Eq. (iii) in Eq. (iv), we get Hence, (a, b) ≡ (−2, − 1) ⇒ A − I + A −1 = O
10 ⋅ + 3b = 13
2b ⇒ A −1 = I − A
15 1 α 3
1 −1 1
⇒
20b + 45b
= 13 111 If P 1 3 3 is the adjoint of a
15 114 Let A = 2 1 −3 and 10
65b
2 4 4
⇒ = 13 ⇒ b = 3 1 1 1
15 3 × 3 matrix A and | A | = 4 , then α is
equal to [JEE Main 2013] 4 2 2
Now, substituting the value ofb in Eq. (iii),
we get 5a = 2 (a) 4 (b) 11 B = −5 0 α
Hence, 5a + b = 2 + 3 = 5 (c) 5 (d) 0 1 −2 3
Ans. (b)
1 2 2 If B is the inverse of matrix A,then
110 If A = 2 1 −2 is a matrix
If A is matrix of order n , then
|adj A | = | A |n − 1 . α is equal to [AIEEE 2004]
a 2 b 1 α 3 (a) –2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 5
satisfying the equation AAT = 9I, Given, P = 1 3 3
Ans. (d)
where I is 3 × 3 identity matrix, then 2 4 4
Since, B is the inverse of matrix A, i.e.,
the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to ∴ | P | = 1(12 − 12) − α (4 − 6) + 3 (4 − 6) B = A −1 .
(a) (2, − 1) (b) (−2, 1) = 2α − 6 4 2 2
(c) (2, 1) (d) (−2, − 1) Q P = adj (A) [given] ∴ 10 A −1 = −5 0 α
[JEE Main 2015]
∴ | P | = |adj A | 1 −2 3
Ans. (d)
= | A |2 = 16 4 2 2
1 2 2 1 2 a ⇒ 2α − 6 = 16 ⇒ 2α = 22 ⇒ 10 A −1 A = − 5 0 α A
Given, A = 2 1 −2 AT = 2 1 2 ∴ α = 11
1 − 2 3
a 2 b 2 −2 b
1 2 2 1 2 a 112 Let A be 2 × 2 matrix. 4 2 2 1 −1 1
AAT = 2 1 −2 2 1 2 ⇒ 10I = − 5 0 α 2 1 − 3
Statement I adj (adj A) = A
a 2 b 2 −2 1 − 2 3 1 1 1
b Statement II | adj A| = A
[AIEEE 2009] [QA −1 A = I]
10 0 0
9 0 a + 4 + 2b (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
⇒ 0 10 0
= 0 9 2a + 2 − 2b true
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is 0 0 10
a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 − 2b a + 4 + b
2 2
true; Statement II is a correct 10 0 0
It is given that explanation of Statement I
= − 5 + α 5 + α −5 + α
AAT = 9I (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
9 0 a + 4 + 2b true; Statement II is not a correct 0 0 10
⇒ 0 9 2a + 2 − 2b explanation of Statement I
⇒ −5 + α = 0 and 5 + α = 10
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 − 2b a + 4 + b ⇒ α=5
2 2
false
10 0
Ans. (c)
= 9 0 1 0
|adj A | = | A |n − 1 = | A |2 − 1 = | A | TOPIC 4
0 1
0
adj (adj A) = | A |n − 2 A = | A | 0 A = A
9 0 a + 4 + 2b
Hence, both the statements are true but
Solutions of System
0 9 2a + 2 − 2b Statement II is not a correct explanation of Linear Equations
a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 − 2b a + 4 + b of Statement I.
2 2
9 0 0 113 If A2 − A + I = O, then the inverse of 115 Consider the system of linear
= 0 9 0 equations
A is [AIEEE 2005]
0 0 9 − x + y + 2z =0
(a) I − A 3 x − ay + 5 z = 1
On comparing, we get (b) A − I 2 x − 2 y − az = 7
a + 4 + 2b = 0 ⇒ a + 2b = − 4 …(i) (c) A
Let S 1 be the set of all a ∈R for
2a + 2 − 2b = 0 ⇒ a − b = − 1 …(ii) (d) A + I
which the system is inconsistent
and a2 + 4 + b2 = 9 …(iii) Ans. (a)
and S2 be the set of all a ∈R for
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Q A2 − A + I = O
which the system has infinitely
a = −2, b = − 1 ⇒ A −1 A 2 − A −1 A + A −1I = O
many solutions. If n (S 1 ) and
Matrices and Determinants 75
n (S2 ) denote the number of 1 − 3a = 0 ⇒7 − 3b ≠ 0 ⇒ 2(− β + 3) − 1 (β + 3) − 1(3 + 3) = 0
1 7 ⇒ β=−1
elements in S 1 and S2 a = ,b ≠
respectively, then
3 3 3 1 −1
∆ 1 = α − 1 −1 = 0
[2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II]
117 If α + β + γ = 2π, then the system of
(a) n(S 1 ) = 2 and n(S 2 ) = 2 3 3 −1
equations
(b) n(S 1 ) = 1 and n(S 2 ) = 0 ⇒ 3(1 + 3) − 1(− α + 3) − 1(3α + 3) = 0
x + (cos γ ) y + (cosβ) z = 0
(c) n(S 1 ) = 2 and n(S 2 ) = 0 ⇒ 12 + α − 3 − 3α − 3 = 0
(c) n (S 1 ) = 0 and n (S 2 ) = 2 (cos γ ) x + y + (cos α) z = 0
⇒ α=3
Ans. (c) (cos β) x + (cos α) y + z = 0 Also,
For in consistent system of equations has: [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] 2 3 −1
[∆ = 0 and atleast one is (a) no solution ∆2 = 1 α − 1 = 0
non-zero in ∆ 1 , ∆ 2 and ∆ 3 ] (b) infinitely many solution 3 3 −1
−1 1 2 (c) exactly two solutions ⇒2(− α + 3) − 3(− 1 + 3) − 1( 3 − 3α) = 0
∆= 3 −a 5 =0 (d) a unique solution ⇒ α=3
2 −2 −a Ans. (b) 2 1 3
⇒ a 2 − 7a + 12 = 0 ⇒ a = 3, 4 Given α + β + γ = 2 π and ∆ 3 = 1 − 1 α = 0
1 cos γ cos β 3 3 3
0 1 2
∆ = cos γ 1 cos α
∆ x = 1 − a 5 = 15a + 31 ⇒2(− 3 − 3α) − 1 (3 − 3α) + 3(3 + 3) = 0
cos β cos α 1
7 −2 −a ⇒ − 3α + 9 = 0
= 1 − cos2 α − cos γ (cos γ − cos α cos β) ⇒ α =3
∆ x ≠ 0 for a = 3, 4 + cos β (cos α cos γ − cos β)
⇒ n(S 1 ) = 2 ∴ α = 3, β = − 1
= 1 − cos2 α − cos2 β − cos2 γ
Now, for infinitely many solutions. So, α + β − αβ = 3 − 1 − 3(− 1 )
+2cosα cos β cos γ
If ∆ = 0 also ∆ x = ∆ y = ∆ z = 0 =5
= sin2 α − cos2 β
Which is not possible for any real value − cos γ (cos γ − 2 cos α cos β) 119 Let λ be the greatest integer less
of a = − cos (α + β) cos (α − β) − cos γ
⇒ n(S 2 ) = 0 (cos (2 π − (α + β)) − 2 cos α cos β) than or equal to λ. The set of all
= − cos (2π − γ) cos (α − β) − cos γ values of λ for which the system of
116 If the following system of linear
equations (cos (α + β) − 2 cos α cos β) linear equations x + y + z = 4,
= − cos γ cos (α − β) + cos γ 3x + 2y + 5z = 3,
2x + y + z = 5, x − y + z = 3 and (cos α cos β + sin α sin β)
x + y + az = b 9x + 4y + (28 + λ ) z = λ has a
= − cos γ cos (α − β) + cos γ cos (α − β)
has no solution, then solution is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
=0
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] (a) R
So, the system of equation has infinitely
1 7 many solutions. (b) (− ∞ ,− 9) ∪ (− 9, ∞)
(a) a = − and b ≠
3 3 (c) [− 9, − 8)
1 7 118 If the system of linear equations (c) (− ∞, − 9) ∪ [− 8, ∞)
(b) a ≠ and b =
3 3 2x + y − z = 3 Ans. (a)
1 7
(c) a ≠ − and b = x − y − z =α Given, system of equations
3 3 x + y + z =4
1 7 3x + 3y + βz = 3
(d) a = and b ≠ 3x + 2y + 5z = 3
3 3 has infinitely many solution, then
9x + 4y + (28 + | λ |) z = | λ |
Ans. (d) α + β − αβ is equal to
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] 1 1 1
2 1 1
∆ = 1 −1 1 = 2(− a − 1) − 1 (a − 1 ) + (1 + 1) Ans. (5) ∆=3 2 5
1 1 a Given, system of equation 9 4 28 + | λ |
2x + y − z = 3
= 1 − 3a = 1 (56 + 2| λ | − 20) − 1 (84 + 3 | λ | − 45) + 1 (− 6)
x − y − z =α = − (| λ | + 9)
2 1 5
3x + 3y + β z = 3 If ∆ ≠ 0 i.e | λ | + 9 ≠ 0, then system of
∆ 3 = 1 −1 3 = 2(− b − 3) − 1
has infinitely many solutions, equation has unique solution.
1 1 b if ∆ = 0, ∆ 1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = 0 If | λ | + 9 = 0, then
(b − 3) + 5(1 + 1 ) = 7 – 3b 2 1 −1 ∆ 1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = 0,
∆ Now, ∆ = 1 − 1 − 1 =0 the system of equation has infinite
Now, z = 3
∆ 3 3 β solution.
If ∆ = 0 and ∆ 3 ≠ 0, then no solution ⇒ λ ∈R n (S2 )
76 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ β=7
[2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II] ∴ α + β = −2+ 7 = 5
π
120 Let θ ∈ 0, . If the system of linear (a) p =
1
and q =
1
123 The values of a and b, for which the
2 6 36
5 5 system of equations
equations (b) p = and q =
6 36 2x + 3y + 6z = 8, x + 2y + az = 5
(1 + cos2 θ) x + sin2 θy + 4 sin3θz = 0
5
(c) p = and q =
1 3x + 5y + 9z = b has no solution, are
cos2 θx + (1 + sin2 θ) y + 4 sin3θz = 0 6 36 [2021, 25 July Shift-I]
cos2 θx + sin2 θ y + (1 + 4 sin3θ) z = 0 1 5 (a) a = 3, b ≠ 13
(d) p = and q =
has a non-trivial solution, then the 6 36 (b) a ≠ 3, b ≠ 13
value of θ is [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I] Ans. (b) (c) a ≠ 3, b = 3
4π 7π x+ y+ z = 5 (d) a = 3, b = 13
(a) (b)
9 18 x + 2y + 3z = µ Ans. (a)
π 5π
(c) (d) x + 3y + λ z = 1 For no solution, ∆ = 0 and atleast one
18 18 1 1 1 among ∆ 1 , ∆ 2 , ∆ 3 ≠ 0.
Ans. (b) ∆= 1 2 3 2 3 6
For non-trival solution ∆ = 0 1 3 λ ∆= 1 2 a
1 + cos2 θ sin2 θ 4 sin3θ = (2λ − 9) + (3 − λ) + (3 − 2) = λ − 5 3 5 9
⇒ cos θ
2
1 + sin2 θ 4 sin3θ = 0 For unique solution ∆ ≠ 0 = 2(18 − 5a) − 3(3a − 9) + 6(5 − 6)
cos2 θ sin2 θ 1 + 4 sin3θ ⇒ λ≠5 = 3 −a
And ∆ 1 or ∆ 2 or ∆ 3 ≠ 0 2 3 8
Applying R 1 → R 1 − R 3 , we get
1 1 5
1 0 −1 ∆3 = 1 2 5
∆ 3 = 1 2 µ = (2 − 3µ ) + (µ − 1) + 5 = 6 − 2µ
cos2 θ 1 + sin2 θ 4 sin3θ = 0 3 5 b
1 3 1
cos2 θ sin2 θ 1 + 4 sin3θ = 2(2b − 25) − 3(b − 15) + 8(5 − 6)= b − 13
If ∆ 3 ≠ 3 and ∆ = 0, then no solution ∴ a = 3,b ≠ 13
ApplyingC 3 → C 1 + C 3 , we get
µ ≠ 3 and λ = 5
1 0 0 5 124 The values of λ and µ such that the
p = Probability of unique solution =
cos2 θ 1 + sin2 θ 4 sin3θ + cos2 θ 6 system of equations x + y + z = 6,
cos2 θ sin2 θ 1 + 4 sin3θ + cos2 θ q = Probability of no solution =
5 1 5
. = 3x + 5y + 5z = 26, x + 2y + λz = µ has
=0 6 6 36 no solution, are
⇒ (1 + sin2 θ) (1 + 4 sin3θ + cos2 θ) 122 For real numbers α and β, consider [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
− sin2 θ(4 sin3θ + cos2 θ) = 0 the following system of linear (a) λ = 3, µ = 5
⇒ 1 + 4 sin3 θ + cos2 θ + sin2 θ equations x + y − z = 2, (b) λ = 3, µ ≠ 10
+ 4 sin2 θ sin 3θ + sin2 θ cos2 θ x + 2y + αz = 1, 2x − y + z = β. (c) λ ≠ 2, µ = 10
− 4 sin2 θ sin 3θ − sin2 θ cos2 θ = 0 If the system has infinite (d) λ = 2, µ ≠ 10
⇒ 1 + 4 sin3θ + cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 0 solutions, then α + β is equal to Ans. (d)
⇒ 1 + 4 sin3 θ + 1 = 0 ……………… . [2021, 27 July Shift-I] x + y + z =6 …(i)
⇒ 4 sin 3θ + 2 = 0 Ans. (5) 3x + 5y + 5z = 26 …(ii)
−1
⇒ sin3θ = x + y − z =2 x + 2y + λz = µ …(iii)
2
x + 2y + αz = 1 ⇒ 2x − y + z = β Multiply Eq. (i) by 3 and then subtracting
π
⇒
3θ = π + It has infinite solutions, when
Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i),
6 (3x + 5y + 5z) − 3(x + y + z) = 26 − 3⋅6
7π ∆1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = ∆ = 0
⇒ θ= 1 1 −1 2y + 2z = 8
18
⇒ y + z =4 ⇒ x =2
1 2 α =0
Now, 2 + 2y + λz = µ
121 Two fair dice are thrown. The 2 −1 1
⇒ 2y + λz = µ − 2
numbers on them are taken as λ
⇒ (2 + α) + (2α − 1) − (− 1 − 4) = 0 ⇒ 2y + λ (4 − y) = µ − 2 [Qy + z = 4]
and µ, and a system of linear
⇒ 3α + 6 = 0 ⇒ y(2 − λ) + 4λ = µ − 2
equations x + y + z = 5,
∴ α = −2 µ − 2 − 4λ
x + 2y + 3 z = µ and x + 3y + λ z = 1 ⇒ y=
1 1 2 2−λ
is constructe(c) If p is the ⇒ ∆3 = 0 ⇒ 1 2 1 = 0 µ − 2 − 4λ
∴ z = 4 − y = 4−
probability that the system has a 2 −1 β 2− λ
unique solution and q is the 8 − 4 λ − µ + 2 + 4λ
⇒ 2β + 1 + 2 − β − 10 = 0 =
probability that the system has 2−λ
no solution, then ⇒ β − 7 =0
Matrices and Determinants 77
10 −µ µ − 2 − 4λ α β γ kx + y + z = 1
z= and y =
2−λ 2−λ ∴∆ = 0 ⇒ β γ α = 0 x + ky + z = k
For no solution, λ = 2 and µ ≠ 10. γ α β x + y + kz = k 2
⇒α (βγ − α 2 ) − β (β 2 − γα) + γ (αβ − γ 2 ) = 0 For this set of equation to have no
125 The value of k ∈R, for which the solution, ∆ = 0
following system of liner equations (expanding along R 1 )
k 1 1
⇒αβγ − α 3 − β 3 + αβγ + αβγ − γ 3 = 0
3x − y + 4z = 3 1 k 1 = k (k 2 − 1) − 1(k − 1) + (1 − k)
⇒ α 3 + β 3 + γ 3 = 3αβγ
x + 2y − 3z = − 2 1 1 k
Then (using standard result),
6x + 5y + kz = − 3 = k3 − k − k + 1 + 1 − k
Either α + β + γ = 0 or α = β = γ
has infinitely many solutions, is If α + β + γ = 0 , then −a = 0 = k 3 − 3k + 2
[2021, 20 July Shift-II] ⇒ a = 0 which is not possible according Now, ∆ = 0
(a) 3 (b) −5 (c) 5 (d) −3 to given condition. ⇒ k 3 − 3k + 2 = 0
Ans. (b) ∴α + β + γ = 0 (not possible) ⇒ (k − 1) (k 2 + k − 2) = 0
Given system of equation can be written Now, α + β + γ = − a ⇒ (k − 1) (k − 1) (k + 2) = 0
in form AX = B, where A is 3 × 3, X is 3 × 1 ⇒ α + α + α = −a (Qα = β = γ ) ∴k = 1, − 2
and B is 3 × 1 matrix as follows. ⇒ a = − 3α …(i) x + y + z = 1
3 − 1 4 x 3
αβ + βγ + γα = b If k = 1, x + y + z = 1
1 2 − 3 y = − 2
⇒ b = 3α 2 …(ii) x + y + z = 1
6 5 k z − 3 Using Eqs. (i) and (ii), There are same equations and they will
This system of linear equation has a2 have infinite solutions.
=3
infinitely many solutions when | A | = 0 b So, k = − 2
3 −1 4
i.e. 1 2 − 3 = 0
127 Let the system of linear equations 129 Consider the following system of
4x + λy + 2z = 0 equations
6 5 k
2x − y + z = 0 x + 2y − 3z = a
⇒ 3(2k + 15) + (k + 18) + 4(5 − 12) = 0
µx + 2y + 3z = 0, λ , µ ∈R. 2x + 6y − 11z = b
⇒ 6k + 45 + k + 18 + 20 − 48 = 0
⇒ 7 k + (35) = 0 has a non-trivial solution. Then x − 2y + 7 z = c
⇒ 7 k = − 35 which of the following is true ? where, a, b and c are real
∴ k=−5 [2021, 18 March Shift-II] constants. Then, the system of
(a) µ = 6, λ ∈ R equations [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
126 Let α, β, γ be the real roots of the (b) λ = 2, µ ∈R (a) has a unique solution, when
equation, x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c = 0, (c) λ = 3,µ ∈ R 5a = 2b + c
(a, b, c ∈R and a, b ≠ 0). If the system (d) µ = − 6, λ ∈ R
(b) has infinite number of
of equations (in u ,v,w) given by Ans. (a) solutions when 5a = 2b + c
αu + βv + γw = 0, βu + γv + αw = 0; Given, system of linear equations
γu + αv + βw = 0 has non-trivial 4x + λy + 2z = 0
(c) has no solution for all a, b and c
a2 2x − y + z = 0 (d) has a unique solution for all a,
solution, then the value of is
b µx + 2y + 3z = 0
b and c
[2021, 18 March Shift-I] Ans. (b)
For non-trivial solution, ∆ = 0
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0 4 λ 2 Given, system of equation can be written
Ans. (b) as AX =` B, where
2 −1 1 = 0
1 2 −3 x a
Given, α, β, γ are the real roots of µ 2 3
x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c = 0, wherea, b, c ∈ R A = 2 6 −11 , X = y , B = b
and a, b ≠ 0 ⇒ 4 (− 3 − 2) − λ (6 − µ ) + 2(4 + µ ) = 0 1 −2 7 z c
∴α + β + γ = Sum of roots taken one at a ⇒ − λ (6 − µ ) − 2 (6 − µ ) = 0
Then,
time = − a ⇒ (6 − µ) (λ + 2) = 0
1 2 −3
αβ + βγ + γα = Sum of roots taken two at ⇒ λ = − 2 and µ ∈R or µ = 6 and λ ∈R.
a time = b | A| = 2 6 −11
αβγ = Product of roots = −c 128 The system of equations 1 −2 7
kx + y + z = 1, x + ky + z = k and
Also, given system of equations in u, v, w = 1(42 − 22) − 2(14 + 11) − 3(−4 − 6)
αu + βv + γw = 0 x + y + zk = k 2 has no solution, if k
= 20 − 50 + 30 = 0
is equal to [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
βu + γ v + αw = 0
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) −1 (d) −2
γu + αv + βw = 0
Ans. (d)
has non-trivial solution.
78 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
a 2 −3 3x − y − 2z = 2 3 − 2 10
| A1 | = b 6 −11 − 2x − 2y − 4z = 3 ∆z = 2 − 4 6
c −2 7 For infinitely many solutions, 1 2 5m
∆ = ∆x = ∆y = ∆z = 0
= a (42 − 22) − 2(7b + 11c)−3(−2b − 6c) = 3(− 20 m − 12) + 2(10 m − 6) + 10 (4 + 4)
k 1 2
= 20a − 14b − 22c + 6b + 18c '
Here, ∆y = 3 2 − 2 = 0
= 20a − 8b − 4c = − 60 m − 36 + 20 m − 12 + 80
−2 3 −4
= 4(5a − 2b − c) = − 40 m + 32 = 8(4 − 5m)
1 a −3 ⇒ k(− 8 + 6) − 1(− 12 − 4) + 2(9 + 4) = 0 Here, either ∆ x or ∆ z ≠ 0
| A2 | = 2 b −11 ⇒ − 2k + 16 + 26 = 0 ⇒ 8(4 − 5m) ≠ 0
⇒ 2k = 42 ⇒ m ≠ 4/ 5
1 c 7
∴ k = 21 Hence, the required values are k = 3;
= 1(7b + 11c) − a (14 + 11) − 3(2c −`b) 4
m≠ .
= − 25a + 10b + 5c 132 The system of linear equations 5
= − 5(5a − 2b − c) 3x − 2y − kz = 10
1 2 a 133 Let A and B be 3 × 3 real matrices,
2x − 4y − 2z = 6
| A3 | = 2 6 b = − 10a + 4b + 2c such that A is symmetric matrix
x + 2y − z = 5 m and B is skew-symmetric matrix.
1 −2 c
is inconsistent, if Then, the system of linear
= − 2(5a −`2b − c) 4 4
(a) k ≠ 3, m ≠ (b) k = 3, m = equations (A2 B2 − B2 A2 ) X = O,
For infinite solution, 5 5 where X is a 3 × 1 column matrix of
| A | = | A1 | = | A2 | = | A3 | = 0 4
unknown variables and O is a 3 × 1
(c) k = 3, m≠ (d) k ≠ 3, m ∈ R
⇒ 5a − 2b − c = 0 5 null matrix, has
⇒ 5a = 2b + c [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
Ans. (c) (a) no solution
130 The following system of linear Given,3x − 2y − kz = 10 (b) exactly two solutions
equations
2x − 4y − 2z = 6 (c) infinitely many solutions
2x + 3y + 2z = 9 x + 2y − z = 5 m (d) a unique solution
3x + 2y + 2z = 9 Condition for inconsistency ⇒∆ = 0 Ans. (c)
x − y + 4z = 8 [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] and at least one of the ∆ x , ∆ y , ∆ z is Given, A be a 3 × 3 matrix.
(a) does not have any solution non-zero.
A is symmetric and B is skew-symmetric.
(b) has a unique solution 3 −2 − k
∴ AT = A, BT = − B
(c) has infinitely many solutions Now, ∆ = 2 − 4 − 2
Let A B − B 2 A2 = P
2 2
(d) has a solution (α, β, γ) satisfying 1 2 −1 P = (A B − B 2 A 2 ) T = (A 2 B 2 ) T − (B 2 A 2 ) T
T 2 2
α + β 2 + γ 3 = 12
= 3(4 + 4) + 2(− 2 + 2) − k (4 + 4) = (B 2 ) T (A 2 ) T − (A 2 ) T (B 2 ) T
Ans. (b)
= 24 − 8k = B 2 A 2 − A 2 B 2 = − (A 2 B 2 − B 2 A 2 ) = − P
The given system of equations is
Now, ∆ = 0 ⇒ PT = − P
non-homogeneous and it can be written
as, ∴ 24 − 8k = 0 P is skew-symmetric.
2 3 2 x 9 ⇒ 8k = 24 ∴ |P |=0
3 2 2 y = 9 24 Hence, PX = 0 have infinite solutions.
⇒ k= =3
8
1 −1 4 z 8 134 For the system of linear equations
10 − 2 − k
i.e,. AX = B ∆x = 6 − 4 − 2 x − 2y = 1, x − y + kz = − 2, ky + 4z = 6,
Now, | A | = 2(8 + 2) − 3(12 − 2) + 2(−3 − 2) 5m 2 − 1 k ∈R, consider the following
= 20 − 30 − 10 = − 20 ≠ 0 statements
= 10 (4 + 4) + 2(− 6 + 10 m)
Q| A | ≠ 0, then this system have unique (A) The system has unique
− 3(12 + 20 m)
solution.
= 80 − 12 + 20 m − 36 − 60 m solution, if k ≠ 2, k ≠ −2.
131 If the system of equations = 32 − 40 m = 8(4 − 5m) (B) The system has unique
kx + y + 2z = 1, 3x − y − 2z = 2 and 3 10 − k solution, if k = − 2.
∆y = 2 6 − 2 (C) The system has unique
−2x − 2y − 4z = 3
has infinitely many solutions, then
1 5m − 1 solution, if k = 2.
k is equal to ……… . = 3(− 6 + 10 m) − 10 (− 2 + 2) − 3(10 m − 6) (D) The system has no solution, if
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] = − 18 + 30 m − 30 m + 18 k = 2.
Ans. (21) =0 (E) The system has infinite
Given equations, kx + y + 2z = 1 number of solutions, if k ≠ − 2.
Matrices and Determinants 79
Which of the following statements 2 −1 2 − 2x + 4y + z = 0 − 7 x + 14y + 9z = 0
1
are correct ? [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] ⇒ λ = − or 1 and ∆ 1 = −4 −2 λ such that 15 ≤ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 150.
2
(a) (C) and (D) (b) (B) and (E) 4 λ 1 Then, the number of elements in
(c) (A) and (E) (d) (A) and (D) the set S is equal to ............ .
= 2(−2 − λ2 ) + 1( − 4 − 4λ) + 2(− 4λ + 8)
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
= − 2λ2 − 12λ + 8 = − 2(λ2 + 6λ − 4)
Ans. (d)
Given, x − 2y + 0 z = 1 Ans. (8)
at λ = − , ∆ 1 = − 2 − 3 − 4 =
1 1 27
x − y + kx = − 2 ≠0
2 4 2 System of given linear equations
0 x + ky + 4z = 6
1 −2 0 ∴ System has no, solution for λ = −
1 x − 2y + 5z = 0
Here, ∆ = 1 − 1 k = 1 (− 4 − k 2 ) + 2(4)
2 −2x + 4y + z = 0
and, at λ = 1, ∆ 1 = − 2 (1 + 6 − 4) = − 6 ≠ 0 and −7 x + 14y + 9z = 0
0 k 4
∴System has no solution for λ = 1.Hence, 1 − 2 5
= − 4 − k + 8 = 4 − k2
2
set S contains exactly two elements. ∆ =−2 4 1
1 −2 0
∆x = − 2 − 1 k 136 Let A = {X = (x, y, z) T : PX = 0 and −7 14 9
6 k 4 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1}, where = 1(36 − 14) + 2(−18 + 7) + 5(−28 + 28)
1 2 1 = 22 − 22 + 0 = 0
= 1 (− 4 − k ) + 2(− 8 − 6k)
2
P = −2 3 −4, then the set A
∴The given planes intersects each other
= − 4 − k 2 − 16 − 12k = − k 2 − 12k − 20
over a unique line.
If ∆ ≠ 0, then it has unique solution i.e. 1 9 −1 Now, put z = 0, so x = 2y
4− k ≠0
2
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II] Q 15 ≤ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 150
⇒k ≠ ± 2 for unique solution.
(a) is a singleton ⇒ 15 ≤ 4y 2 + y 2 + 0 2 ≤ 150 ⇒ 3 ≤ y 2 ≤ 30
Also at k = 2
(b) is an empty set ⇒ y ∈ [− 30 , − 3] ∪ [ 3, 30 ]
∆ x = − 22 − 12 × 2 − 20 = − 48 ≠ 0 (c) contains more than two elements
Then, in this case it has no solution. ∴Integral values of y are − 5, − 4, − 3, − 2, 2,
(d) contains exactly two elements 3, 4, 5.
Hence, statement (A) and statement (D)
Ans. (d) ∴ Number of required integral solution is 8.
both are correct.
Given set, A = { X = (x, y, z)T : PX = 0 Hence, answer is 8.00.
135 Let S be the set of all λ∈ R for and x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 where,
1 2 1 138 If the system of equations
which the system of linear equations
P = −2 3 −4 x − 2y + 3z = 9, 2x + y + z = b
2x − y + 2z = 2
1 9 −1 x − 7 y + az = 24, has infinitely many
x − 2y + λz = − 4
1 2 1 x solutions, then a − b is equal to
x + λy+ z = 4 Q PX = −2 3 −4 y = 0 [given] ............. . [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
has no solution. Then the set S
1 9 −1 z Ans. (5)
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] System of given linear equations is
1 2 1
(a) contains more than two elements x − 2y + 3z = 9, 2x + y + z = b
Q | P | = −2 3 −4
(b) contains exactly two elements and x − 7 y + az = 24, has infinitely many
(c) is an empty set 1 9 −1
solution, so ∆ = 0 = ∆ 1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3
(d) is a singleton = 1 (−3 + 36) − 2 (2 + 4) + 1 (−18 − 3) 1 −2 3
Ans. (b) = 33 − 12 − 21 = 0 So, ∆ = 0 ⇒ 2 1 1= 0
Now, according to Cramer's Rule, the
Given system of linear equations is
homogeneous system of linear 1 −7 a
2x − y + 2z = 2 equations represented by PX = 0 have ⇒ 1(a + 7) + 2(2a − 1) + 3(−14 − 1) = 0
x − 2y + λz = − 4 and x + λy + z = 4 infinitely many solution, so the planes ⇒ 5a = 40 ⇒a = 8
has no solution. represented by system of linear
2 −1 2 1 −2 9
equations contains a unique line passes
∴ ∆ = 0 ⇒ 1 −2 λ = 0 through origin. And the equation and ∆ 3 = 0 ⇒2 1 b = 0
1 λ 1 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 is the equation of a 1 −7 24
sphere having centre (0, 0, 0) and radius ⇒1(24 + 7b) + 2(48 − b) + 9(−14 − 1) = 0
⇒ 2(− 2 − λ2 ) + 1 (1 − λ) + 2(λ + 2) = 0 1. So, the unique line intersect the
⇒5b + 120 − 135 = 0 ⇒ b = 3
⇒ − 2λ2 + λ + 1 = 0 sphere at two distinct points. Therefore,
∴ a −b = 8 −3= 5
⇒ 2λ2 − λ − 1 = 0 set A contains exactly two elements.
Hence, option (d) is correct. Hence, answer is 5.00.
⇒ 2λ − 2λ + λ − 1 = 0
2
⇒ (2λ + 1) (λ − 1) = 0 137 Let S be the set of all integer 139 Suppose the vectors x 1 , x 2 and
solutions,(x, y, z), of the system x 3 are the solutions of the system
of equations x − 2y + 5z = 0 of linear equations, Ax = b when the
80 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
vector b on the right side is equal to 1 1 2 Ans. (a)
b 1 , b2 and b3 respectively. and ∆3 = 0 ⇒ 2 4 6 = 0 Given system of linear equations
1 0 0 1 3 2 µ x + y + 3z = 0 …(i)
If x 1 = 1 , x 2 = 2 , x 3 = 0 , b 1 = 0,
⇒1(4µ – 12) – 1(2µ – 18) + 2(4 – 12) = 0 x + 3y + k 2 z = 0 …(ii)
3x + y + 3z = 0 …(iii)
1 1 1 0 ⇒ 2µ − 10 = 0
⇒ µ=5 has a non-zero solutions, so
0 0 ∴ 2λ + µ = 9 + 5 = 14. 1 1 3
b2 = 2 and b3 = 0, then the D = 0 ⇒ 1 3 k2 = 0
141 Let λ ∈R. The system of linear
0 2 3 1 3
equations
⇒1(9 – k 2 ) – 1(3 –3k 2 ) + 3(1 –9) = 0
determinant of A is equal to 2x 1 − 4x 2 + λx 3 = 1, x 1 − 6x 2 + x 3 = 2
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] ⇒ 9 – k 2 –3 + 3k 2 –24 = 0
λx 1 − 10x 2 + 4x 3 = 3 is inconsistent
3 1 ⇒ 2k 2 – 18 = 0 ⇒k 2 = 9 ⇒ k = 3
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) 4 for [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
2 2 ∴The Eqs. (i) and (ii) provide us
(a) exactly two values of λ
Ans. (b) x + y + 3z = 0
a 1 a 2 a 3 (b) exactly one positive value of λ
x + 3y + 9z = 0
Let matrix A = a 4 a 5 a 6 (c) every value of λ y
(d) exactly one negative value of λ ⇒ 2y + 6z = 0 ⇒ = –3 and x = 0
a 7 a 8 a 9 z
Ans. (d) y
and Ax = b having solution x 1 , x 2 and x 3 ∴ x + = 0 –3 = –3
when the Given system of linear equations z
vector b on the right side is equal tob 1 ,b 2 2x 1 − 4x 2 + λx 3 = 1
x 1 − 6x 2 + x 3 = 2
143 The value of λ and µ for which the
and b 3 respectively, so
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 = 1, 2a 2 + a 3 = 0 a3 = 0 and λx 1 − 10 x 2 + 4x 3 = 3 system of linear equations
a 4 + a 5 + a 6 = 0, 2a 5 + a 6 = 2 and a 6 = 0 is inconsistent, so ∆ = 0 x + y + z = 2, x + 2y + 3z = 5,
a 7 + a 8 + a 9 = 0 2a 8 + a 9 = 0 a9 = 2 2 −4 λ
x + 3y + λz = µ
∴a 2 = 0, a 5 = 1, a 8 = –1 and a 1 = 1,a 4 = –1, ⇒ 1 −6 1 = 0 has infinitely many solutions are,
a 7 = –1 respectively [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
1 0 0 λ −10 4
(a) 6 and 8 (b) 5 and 7
∴ A = –1 1 0 ⇒| A | = 2. ⇒ 2(−24 + 10) + 4(4 − λ) + λ (−10 + 6λ) = 0
(c) 5 and 8 (d) 4 and 9
–1 –1 2 ⇒ 6λ2 − 14λ − 12 = 0
⇒ 3λ2 − 7 λ − 6 = 0
Ans. (c)
The system of linear equations
140 If the system of equations ⇒ 3λ − 9λ + 2λ − 6 = 0
2
x + y + z =2
⇒ 3λ (λ − 3) + 2(λ − 3) = 0 x + 2y + 3z = 5
x + y + z =2 2
⇒ λ = − ,3 x + 3y + λ z = µ
2x + 4y − z = 6 3 has infinitely many solutions, so
3x + 2y + λz = µ On adding first and second given linear
1 1 1
has infinitely many solutions, then equations we have
∆ = 0 ⇒1 2 3= 0
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] 3x 1 − 10 x 2 + (λ + 1) x 3 = 3
1 3 λ
(a) 2 λ + µ = 14 And at λ = 3, it is same as the third linear
⇒ 1 (2λ − 9) − 1 (λ − 3) + 1 (3 − 2) = 0
(b) 2 λ − µ = 5 equation, so for λ = 3, there are infinitly
−2 ⇒ λ=5
(c) λ − 2µ = − 5 many solution, but for λ = both are 1 1 2
(d) λ + 2µ = 14 3
−2 and ∆ 3 = 0 ⇒ 1 2 5= 0
different, so for λ = , the system of
Ans. (a) 3 1 3 µ
Given system of linear equations linear equations in inconsistent.
⇒ 1 (2µ − 15) − 1 (µ − 5) + 2 (3 − 2) = 0
x+ y+ z =2
142 If the system of linear equations ⇒ µ=8
2x + 4y − z = 6
and, 3x + 2y + λz = µ has infinite number x + y + 3z = 0 144 The sum of distinct values of λ for
of solution x + 3y + k 2 z = 0 which the system of equations
1 1 1
3x + y + 3z = 0 ( λ −1)x + ( 3 λ + 1) y + 2 λz = 0
∴ ∆ = 0 ⇒ 2 4 –1 = 0 ( λ −1)x + (4 λ − 2 ) y + ( λ + 3 )z = 0
has a non-zero solution (x, y, z) for
3 2 λ y
some k ∈R, then x + is equal 2 x + (3λ + 1) y + 3(λ − 1) = 0
⇒1(4λ + 2) – 1(2λ + 3) + 1(4 – 12) = 0 z has non-zero solutions, is
⇒ 2λ − 9 = 0 ⇒ λ = 9 /2 to [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
(a) −3 (b) 9 Ans. (3.00)
(c) 3 (d) −9 Given system of equations
Matrices and Determinants 81
(λ − 1) x + (3λ + 1) y + 2λz = 0 ⇒(3b − 2a)(c − a) − (b − a)(4c − 2a) = 0 1 2 3
(λ − 1) x + (4λ − 2) y + (λ + 3) z = 0 ⇒(3bc − 3ba − 2ac + 2a 2 ) − (4bc − 2ba Q∆ =3 4 5
and 2x + (3λ + 1) y + 3(λ − 1) z = 0 has − 4ac + 2a 2 ) = 0 4 4 4
non-zero solutions, so ⇒ −bc − ab + 2ac = 0
λ − 1 3λ + 1 2λ = 1(16 − 20) − 2(12 − 20) + 3(12 − 16)
⇒ 2ac = ab + bc
= − 4 + 16 − 12 = 0 ⇒∆ = 0
∆ = 0 ⇒ λ − 1 4λ − 2 λ + 3 = 0 2 1 1
⇒ = + [on dividing byabc] 1 2 3
2 3λ + 1 3(λ − 1) b c a
1 1 1 Now, ∆ 1 =µ 4 5
⇒ , , are in (a)P.
⇒ (λ − 1) [6 (2λ − 1) (λ − 1) − (λ + 3) (3λ + 1)] a b c δ 4 4
− (3λ + 1) [3 (λ − 1) 2 − 2 (λ + 3)] = 1(16 − 20) − 2(4 µ − 5 δ) + 3(4 µ − 4δ)
146 If the system of linear equations,
+ 2λ[(λ − 1) (3λ + 1) − 2 (4λ − 2)] = 0 = − 4 + 10 δ − 8 µ + 12 µ − 12 δ = 4 µ − 2δ − 4
⇒(λ − 1) [12λ − 18λ + 6 − 3λ − 10 λ − 3]
2 2
x + y + z = 6 x + 2y + 3z = 10 1 1 3
− (3λ + 1) [3λ2 − 6λ + 3 − 2λ − 6] 3x + 2y + λz = µ Similarly, ∆ 2 =3 µ 5
+ 2λ[3λ2 − 2λ − 1 − 8λ + 4] = 0 has more than two solutions, then 4 δ 4
⇒λ[9λ2 − 28λ + 3 − 9λ2 + 24λ + 9 + 6λ2 µ − λ2 is equal to …… . = 1(4µ − 5δ) − 1(12 − 20) + 3(3 δ − 4 µ )
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
− 20 λ + 6] − 1 [12λ2 − 36λ] = 0 = 4 µ − 5 δ + 8 + 9 δ − 12 µ = 4 δ − 8 µ + 8
⇒ λ [6λ − 36λ + 54] = 0
2 Ans. (13) 1 2 1
⇒ λ(λ − 3) 2 = 0 ⇒ λ = 0, 3, 3 The given system of linear equations and ∆ 3 =3 4 µ
∴ Sum of distinct values of λ is 3. x + y + z = 6, 4 4 δ
x + 2y + 3z = 10,
145 If the system of linear equations = 1(4 δ − 4 µ ) − 2(3 δ − 4 µ ) + 1(12 − 16)
and 3x + 2y + λz = µ has more than two
= 4δ − 4µ − 6 δ + 8 µ − 4
2x + 2ay + az = 0 solutions, so system must have infinite
number of solutions. = 4µ − 2δ − 4
2x + 3by + bz = 0 Fromtheoptionsif(µ , δ) = (4, 3),then
Now, on putting z = 0 in above equation,
2x + 4cy + cz = 0 we get 4δ − 8 µ + 8 ≠ 0
where a, b, c ∈R are non-zero and x + y =6 …(i) Now according to Cramer’s rule if ∆ = 0
distinct; has a non-zero solution, x + 2y = 10 …(ii) and any one of ∆ 1 , ∆ 2 or ∆ 3 is not zero,
then system is called inconsistent.
then [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] and 3x + 2y = µ …(iii)
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we are getting ∴The ordered pair (µ , δ) = (4, 3), then the
(a) a + b + c = 0 system of linear equations is
1 1 1 y = 4 and x = 2
(b) , , are in (a)P. inconsistent.
a b c From Eq. (iii), we get
Hence, option (b) is correct.
(c) a, b , c are in (a)P. µ = 3(2) + 2(4) = 14
(d) a, b , c are in G.P. Now, on putting y = 0 and µ = 14, in the 148 The system of linear equations
given system of linear Eq., we get
Ans. (b) λx + 2y + 2z = 5, 2λx + 3y + 5z = 8
x + z =6 …(iv)
Given system of linear equations
x + 3z = 10 …(v) 4x + λy + 6z = 10 has
2x + 2ay + az = 0 …(i)
and 3x + λz = 14 …(vi) (a) no solution when λ = 2
2x + 3by + bz = 0 …(ii), (b) infinitely many solutions when λ = 2
On solving Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get z = 2
and 2x + 4cy + cz = 0 …(iii) and x = 4 (c) no solution when λ = 8
where a, b, c ∈ R are non-zero and From Eq. (vi), we get (d) a unique solution when λ = − 8
distinct, has a non-zero solution, means 3(4) + λ (2) = 14 ⇒ λ = 1 [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
2 2a a ∴ µ − λ2 = 14 − 1 = 13 Ans. (a)
∆ = 0 ⇒ 2 3b b= 0 Given system of linear equations
2 4c c
147 For which of the following ordered λx + 2y + 2z = 5,
C pairs (µ, δ), the system of liner 2λx + 3y + 5z = 8, and
On applyingC 1 → 1 , we get
2 equations 4x + λy + 6z = 10,
1 2a a x + 2y + 3z = 1, 3x + 4y + 5z = µ λ 2 2
1 3b b= 0
⇒ 4x + 4y + 4z = δ is inconsistent? then ∆ =2λ 3 5
1 4c c (a) (4, 6) (b) (4, 3) (c) (1, 0) (d) (3, 4) 4 λ 6
On applying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 and [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] = λ (18 − 5λ) − 2(12λ − 20) + 2(2λ2 − 12)
R3 → R3 − R1, Ans. (b) = − λ2 − 6λ + 16 = − [λ2 + 6λ − 16]
we get
Given system of linear equations = − [λ2 + 8λ − 2λ − 16]
1 2a a
0 3b − 2a b − a= 0 x + 2y + 3z = 1 …(i) = − [λ (λ + 8) − 2(λ + 8)]
⇒
3x + 4y + 5z = µ …(ii) = − (λ − 2)(λ + 8)
0 4c − 2a c − a 4x + 4y + 4z = δ …(iii) Now, when λ = 2, then
Expension with respect to first column
82 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
5 2 2 7 x + 6y − 2z = 0 ⇒ 3x + 4y + 2z = 0 3x − y − kz = 3 has a solution (x, y, z),
∆ 1 = 8 3 5 x − 2y − 6z = 0 z ≠ 0, then (x, y) lies on the straight
7 6 −2
10 2 6 line whose equation is
∴ ∆=3 4 2
= 5(18 − 10) − 2(48 − 50) + 2(16 − 30) [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
1 −2 −6 (a) 3x − 4 y − 4 = 0 (b) 3x − 4 y − 1 = 0
= 40 + 4 − 28 = 16 ≠ 0
For, λ = 2, then ∆ = 0 but ∆ 1 ≠ 0, so there = 7 (−24 + 4) − 6(−18 − 2) − 2(−6 − 4) (c) 4 x − 3y − 4 = 0 (d) 4 x − 3y − 1 = 0
is no solution for given system of linear = 7 (−20) + 6(20) + 2(10) Ans. (c)
equations if λ = 2. = − 140 + 120 + 20 = 0
Given system of linear equations
Hence, option (a) is correct. Since ∆ =0 for homogeneous systems of
linear equations, then system has x − 2y + kz = 1 …(i)
149 If for some α and β in R, the infinitely many solutions. 2x + y + z = 2 …(ii)
Now, since and 3x − y − kz = 3 …(iii)
intersection of the following three
planes (7 x + 6y − 2z) + 3(x − 2y − 6z) = 0 has a solution (x, y, z), z ≠ 0.
x + 4y − 2z = 1, x + 7 y − 5z = β ⇒ 10 x − 20 z = 0 ⇒x = 2z On adding Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
x + 5y + αz = 5 So, the given system of linear equations x − 2y + kz + 3x − y − kz = 1 + 3
has infinitely many solutions satisfying 4x − 3y = 4
is a line in R 3 , then α + β is equal to x =2z.
(a) 0 (b) 10 (c) −10 (d) 2 ⇒ 4x − 3y − 4 = 0
Hence, option (d) is correct.
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I] This is the required equation of the
Ans. (b) 151 The greatest value of c ∈R for which straight line in which point (x, y) lies.
It is given that the three planes the system of linear equations
153 If the system of equations
x −cy − cz =0,cx −y + cz =0,
x + 4y − 2z = 1, 2x + 3y − z = 0, x + ky − 2z = 0 and
cx + cy − z =0
x + 7 y − 5z = β 2x − y + z = 0 has a non-trivial
has a non-trivial solution, is x y z
and x + 5y + αz = 5 solution (x, y, z), then + + + k
[2019, 8 April Shift-I]
having intersection is a line in R 3 , so
1
y z x
∆ =0 (a) −1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 0 is equal to [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
2
1 4 −2 1
Ans. (b) (a) −4 (b)
⇒ 1 7 − 5 =0 2
Key Idea A homogeneous system of
1 5 α linear equations have non-trivial 1 3
solutions iff ∆ = 0 (c) − (d)
⇒ 1(7α + 25) − 4(α + 5) − 2(5 − 7) = 0 4 4
⇒ 7α + 25 − 4α − 20 + 4 = 0 Given system of linear equations is Ans. (b)
⇒ 3α + 9 = 0 x − cy − cz = 0, Given system of linear equations
⇒ α = − 3 and ∆ 3 = 0 cx − y + cz = 0 2x + 3y − z = 0,
1 4 1 and cx + cy − z = 0 x + ky − 2z = 0
⇒ 1 7 β =0 We know that a homogeneous system of and 2x − y + z = 0 has a non-trivial
1 5 5 linear equations have non-trivial solution (x, y, z).
solutions iff 2 3 −1
⇒ 1 (35 − 5β) − 4(5 − β) + 1(5 − 7) = 0 ∆ =0 ∴ ∆ = 0 ⇒ 1 k −2 = 0
⇒ 35 − 5β − 20 + 4β − 2 = 0 1 − c − c
⇒ β = 13 ⇒ c −1 c = 0 2 −1 1
∴ α + β = −3 + 13 = 10 2(k − 2) − 3(1 + 4) − 1(−1 − 2k) = 0
c c − 1
Hence, option (b) is correct. ⇒ 2k − 4 − 15 + 1 + 2k = 0
⇒ 1(1 − c 2 ) + c (− c − c 2 ) − c (c 2 + c) = 0 9
⇒ 1 − c2 − c2 − c3 − c3 − c2 = 0 ⇒ 4 k = 18 ⇒k =
150 The following system of linear 2
⇒ −2c 3 − 3c 2 + 1 = 0
equations
⇒ 2c 3 + 3c 2 − 1 = 0 So, system of linear equations is
7 x + 6y − 2z = 0, 3x + 4y + 2z = 0 ⇒ (c + 1)[2c 2 + c − 1] = 0 2x + 3y − z = 0 …(i)
x − 2y − 6z = 0, has ⇒ (c + 1)[2c 2 + 2c − c − 1] = 0 2x + 9y − 4z = 0 …(ii)
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II] ⇒ (c + 1)(2c − 1)(c + 1) = 0 and 2x − y + z = 0 …(iii)
1
(a) infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) ⇒ c = − 1 or From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
satisfying y = 2z. 12
Clearly, the greatest value of c is . y 1
(b) no solution. 2 6y − 3z = 0, =
z 2
(c) only the trivial solution. 152 If the system of linear equations
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
(d) infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) x − 2y + kz = 1,2x + y + z = 2, x 1
satisfying x = 2z. 4x + 2y = 0 ⇒ = −
y 2
Ans. (d)
Given system of linear equations
Matrices and Determinants 83
x x y 1 z (c) g + h + k = 0 (d) g + h + 2k = 0
So,= × = − ⇒ = −4 156 The system of linear equations
z y z 4 x
y 1 x 1 x + y + z =2 Ans. (a)
Q z = 2 and y = − 2 2x + 3y + 2z = 5 1 −4 7
Here, D = 0 3 −5
x y z 1 1
∴ + + + k= − + −4+ = .
9 1 2x + 3y + (a 2 − 1) z = a + 1
−2 5 −9
y z x 2 2 2 2 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
(a) has infinitely many solutions fora = 4 = 1(− 27 + 25) + 4(0 − 10) + 7 (0 + 6)
154 If the system of linear equations (b) is inconsistent when a = 4 [expanding along R 1 ]
x + y + z = 5, x + 2y + 2z = 6 (c) has a unique solution for |a | = 3 = − 2 − 40 + 42 = 0
x + 3y + λz = µ,(λ ,µ ∈R), has (d) is inconsistent when |a | = 3 ∴The system of linear equations have
infinite many solutions.
infinitely many solutions, then the Ans. (d)
[Qsystem is consistent and does not
value of λ + µ is According to Cramer’s rule, here have unique solution as D = 0]
[2019, 10 April Shift-I] 1 1 1 1 0 0
⇒ D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
(a) 7 (b) 12 (c) 10 (d) 9 D= 2 3 2 = 2 1 0 g −4 7
Ans. (c) 2 3 a2 − 1 2 1 a2 − 3 Now, D 1 = 0 ⇒ h 3 − 5 = 0
Given system of linear equations (Applying C 2 → C 2 − C 1 and C 3 → C 3 − C 1 ) k 5 −9
x+ y+ z=5 …(i) = a 2 − 3 (Expanding along R 1 ) ⇒g (− 27 + 25) + 4(− 9h + 5k)
x + 2y + 2z = 6 …(ii) and + 7 (5h − 3k) = 0
x + 3y + λ z = µ …(ii) 2 1 1 2 1 0
⇒ − 2g − 36h + 20 k + 35h − 21k = 0
(λ,µ ∈ R) D1 = 5 3 2 = 5 3 −1
⇒ − 2g − h − k = 0
The above given system has infinitely a + 1 3 a 2 − 1 a + 1 3 a 2 − 1 −3
many solutions, then the plane ⇒ 2g + h + k = 0
represented by these equations (Applying C 3 → C 3 − C 2 )
intersect each other at a line, means 158 If the system of equations
(x + 3y + λz −µ ) 2 0 0 x + y + z = 5, x + 2y + 3z = 9,
= p(x + y + z − 5) + q (x + 2y + 2z − 6) = 5 −1 x + 3y + αz = β
5 3−
= (p + q) x + (p + 2q) y + (p + 2q) z − (5p + 6q) 2
has infinitely many solutions, then
a + 1 3 − (a + 1) a2 − 1 − 3
On comparing, we get
2 β − α equals [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
p + q = 1, p + 2q = 3, p + 2q = λ and 1 (a) 8 (b) 18 (c) 21 (d) 5
5p + 6q = µ (Applying C 2 → C 2 − C 1 )
2 Ans. (a)
So, (p, q) = (−1, 2)
⇒ λ =3 and µ = 7 ⇒λ + µ = 3 + 7 = 10 2 0 0 Since, the system of equations has
1 infinitely many solution, therefore
= 5 −1
155 Let λ be a real number for which 2 D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
the system of linear equations 5 a a2 − 4
a+1 − Here,
x + y + z = 6, 4x + λy − λz = λ − 2 2 2 1 1 1
and 3x + 2y − 4z = − 5 1 5 a D = 1 2 3 = 1 (2α − 9) − 1 (α − 3) + 1(3 − 2)
= 2 (a 2 − 4) + −
has infinitely many solutions. Then 2 2 2 1 3 α
λ is a root of the quadratic (Expanding along R 1 )
=α − 5
equation [2019, 10 April Shift-II] a 2 5 a 2
= 2 − 2 + − = a − 4 + 5 − a 1 1 5
(a) λ2 − 3λ − 4 = 0 (b) λ2 + 3λ − 4 = 0 2 2 2
(c) λ2 − λ − 6 = 0 (d) λ2 + λ − 6 = 0 = a2 − a + 1 and D 3 = 1 2 9
Ans. (c) Clearly, whena = 4, then D = 13 ≠ 0 ⇒ 1 3 β
Given, system of linear equations unique solution and = 1 (2β − 27) − 1(β − 9) + 5 (3 − 2)
x + y + z =6 … (i) when |a | = 3, then D = 0 and D 1 ≠ 0.
= β − 13
4x + λy − λz = λ − 2 …(ii) ∴When |a | = 3, then the system has no
and 3x + 2y − 4z = − 5 …(iii) Now, D = 0
solution i.e. system is inconsistent.
has infinitely many solutions, then ∆ = 0 ⇒ α − 5=0 ⇒ α = 5
1 1 1 157 If the system of linear equations and D 3 = 0 ⇒ β − 13 = 0
⇒ 4 λ − λ =0 x − 4y + 7 z = g ⇒ β = 13
3 2 −4 3y − 5z = h ∴ β − α = 13 − 5 = 8
− 2x + 5y − 9z = k
⇒1(− 4λ + 2λ) − 1(− 16 + 3λ) + 1(8 − 3λ) = 0
is consistent, then 159 The number of values of θ ∈(0, π) for
⇒ − 8λ + 24 = 0 ⇒ λ = 3
From, the option λ = 3, satisfy the [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II] which the system of linear equations
quadratic equation λ2 − λ − 6 = 0. (a) 2 g + h + k = 0 (b) g + 2h + k = 0 x + 3y + 7 z = 0,
84 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
− x + 4y + 7 z = 0, 160 If the system of linear equations 1 0 −1
0 1 − 1 ≠0
(sin3θ) x + (cos2θ) y + 2z = 0 2x + 2y + 3z = a
α β 2
has a non-trivial solution, is 3x − y + 5z = b
⇒ 1(2 + β) − 0 (0 + α) − 1(0 − α) ≠ 0
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] x − 3y + 2z = c
(a) two (b) three (c) four (d) one ⇒ α + β + 2≠0 … (i)
where a, b, c are non-zero real
Ans. (a) Note that, only (2, 4) satisfy the Eq. (i)
numbers, has more than one
We know that, the system of linear solution, then [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] 162 The set of all values of λ for which
equations (a) b − c − a = 0 the system of linear equations
a1x + b1y + c 1z = 0 (b) a + b + c = 0 x − 2y − 2z = λx, x + 2y + z = λy and
a2 x + b2 y + c 2 z = 0 (c) b − c + a = 0 − x − y = λz
a3x + b3y + c 3z = 0 (d) b + c − a = 0 has a non-trivial solution
has a non-trivial solution, if Ans. (a) [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
a1 b1 c 1 We know that, if the system of (a) contains exactly two elements
a2 b2 c 2 = 0 equations (b) contains more than two elements
a3 b3 c3 a1 x + b1 y + c 1 z = d1 (c) is a singleton
a2 x + b2 y + c 2 z = d2 (d) is an empty set
Now, if the given system of linear
equations a3x + b3y + c 3z = d3 Ans. (c)
x + 3y + 7 z = 0 has more than one solution, then D = 0
The given system of linear equations is
and D 1 = D 2 = D 3 = 0. In the given
− x + 4y + 7 z = 0, problem, x − 2y − 2z = λx
and (sin 3θ) x + (cos 2θ) y + 2z = 0 a 2 3 x + 2y + z = λy
has non-trivial solution, then D1 = 0 ⇒ b − 1 5 = 0 − x − y − λz = 0,
1 3 7 which can be rewritten as
c −3 2
−1 4 7 =0 (1 − λ) x − 2y − 2z = 0
⇒ a (− 2 + 15) − 2(2b − 5c) + 3(− 3b + c) = 0 ⇒ x + (2 − λ) y + z = 0
sin 3θ cos 2θ 2
⇒ 13a − 4b + 10 c − 9b + 3c = 0 x + y + λz = 0
⇒ 1(8 − 7 cos 2θ) − 3 (− 2 − 7 sin 3θ) ⇒ 13a − 13b + 13c = 0 Now, for non-trivial solution, we should
+ 7 (− cos 2θ − 4 sin 3θ) = 0 ⇒ a − b + c = 0 ⇒b − a − c = 0 have
⇒ 8 − 7 cos 2θ + 6 + 21 sin 3θ 1− λ −2 −2
− 7 cos 2θ − 28 sin 3θ = 0 161 An ordered pair (α, β) for which the
1 2− λ 1 =0
⇒ − 7 sin 3θ − 14 cos 2θ + 14 = 0 system of linear equations 1 1 λ
⇒ − 7 (3 sin θ − 4 sin θ) −
3
(1 + α) x + βy + z = 2
[Q If a 1 x + b 1 y + c 1 z = 0;
14 (1 − 2 sin2 θ) + 14 = 0 αx + (1 + β) y + z = 3 a2 x + b2 y + c 2 z = 0
[Qsin3A = 3 sin A − 4 sin A and3
ax + βy + 2z = 2 a 3 x + b 3 y + c 3 z = 0]
cos 2A = 1 − 2 sin2 A] has a non-trivial solution, then
has a unique solution, is a1 b1 c 1
⇒ 28 sin3 θ + 28 sin2 θ [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I] a 2 b2 c 2 = 0
− 21 sinθ − 14 + 14 = 0 (a) (2, 4) a3 b3 c 3
⇒ 7 sin θ [4 sin2 θ + 4 sinθ − 3] = 0 (b) (− 4, 2)
(c) (1, − 3) ⇒ (1 − λ) [(2 − λ) λ − 1] + 2 [λ − 1]
⇒ sin θ [4 sin2 θ + 6 sinθ − 2 sinθ − 3] = 0
(d) (−3, 1) − 2 [1 − 2 + λ] = 0
⇒ sin θ [2 sin θ (2 sin θ + 3) ⇒ (λ − 1)[λ2 − 2λ + 1 + 2 − 2] = 0
Ans. (a)
− 1 (2 sin θ + 3)] = 0 ⇒ (λ −1) 3 = 0 ⇒ λ = 1
⇒ (sin θ) (2 sin θ − 1) (2 sin θ + 3) = 0 Given system of linear equations,
1 (1 + α) x + βy + z = 2 163 If the system of linear equations
Now, either sinθ = 0 or
2 αx + (1 + β) y + z = 3 x + ky + 3z = 0
Q sin θ ≠ − 3 as − 1 ≤ sin θ ≤ 1 αx + βy + 2z = 2
3x + ky − 2z = 0
2 has a unique solution, if
2x + 4y − 3z = 0
In given interval (0, π), 1+ α β 1
sinθ =
1 has a non-zero solution (x, y, z),
α (1 + β) 1 ≠ 0 xz
2 then 2 is equal to
π 5π α β 2
⇒ θ= , y [JEE Main 2018]
6 6 Apply R 1 → R 1 − R 3 and R 2 → R 2 − R 3 (a) −10 (b) 10 (c) −30 (d) 30
[Qsin θ ≠ 0, θ ∈ (0, π)]
Ans. (b)
Hence, 2 solutions in (0, π)
Matrices and Determinants 85
We have, x + ky + 3z = 0; 3x + ky − 2z = 0; For a = 1 Since, the system has non-trivial
2x + 4y − 3z = 0 ∆ = ∆1 = ∆2 = ∆3 = 0 solution.
System of equation has non-zero ∆ for b = 1 only 2− λ −2 1
solution, if x + y + z = 1, x + y + z = 1 and ∴ 2 − (3 + λ) 2 = 0
1 k 3 x + y + z =0 −1 2 −λ
3 k − 2 = 0
i.e. no solution (QRHS is not equal)
⇒ (2 − λ)(3λ + λ − 4) + 2(−2λ + 2)
2
2 4 − 3 Hence, for no solutionb = 1 only
+ 1(4 − 3 − λ) = 0
165 The system of linear equations ⇒ (2 − λ)(λ2 + 3λ − 4) + 4(1 − λ) + (1 − λ) = 0
⇒ (−3k + 8) − k (−9 + 4) + 3(12 − 2k) = 0 ⇒ (2 − λ)(λ + 4)(λ − 1) + 5(1 − λ) = 0
x + λy − z = 0; λx − y − z = 0;
⇒ −3k + 8 + 9k − 4k + 36 − 6k = 0 ⇒ (λ − 1)[(2 − λ)(λ + 4) − 5] = 0
x + y − λz = 0
⇒ −4k + 44 = 0 ⇒ k = 11 ⇒ (λ − 1)(λ2 + 2λ − 3) = 0
z = λ , then we get has a non-trivial solution for
Let ⇒ (λ − 1)[(λ − 1)(λ + 3)] = 0
[JEE Main 2016]
x + 11y + 3λ = 0 …(i) ⇒ (λ − 1) 2 (λ + 3) = 0
(a) infinitely many values of λ
3x + 11y − 2λ = 0 …(ii) ⇒ λ = 1, 1, − 3
(b) exactly one value of λ
and 2x + 4y − 3λ = 0 …(iii)
(c) exactly two values of λ 167 The number of values of k, for
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
(d) exactly three values of λ which the system of equations
5λ −λ Ans. (d) (k + 1) x + 8y = 4k
x= ,y = ,z =λ
2 2 Given, system of linear equations is
kx + (k + 3) y = 3k − 1
xz 5λ2 x + λy − z = 0;
⇒ = = 10 has no solution, is [JEE Main 2013]
y2 λ
2
λx − y − z = 0; x + y − λz = 0
2 × − (a) ∞ (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
2 Note that, given system will have a
non-trivial solution only if determinant of
164 If S is the set of distinct values of b coefficient matrix is zero, i.e. Ans. (b)
for which the following system of 1 λ −1
Given equations can be written in matrix
linear equations λ −1 −1 = 0 form
1 1 −λ AX = B
x + y + z = 1, x + ay + z = 1
⇒ 1 (λ + 1) − λ(− λ + 1) − 1(λ + 1) = 0
2
k + 1 8 x
and ax + by + z = 0 where, A = , X = y
⇒ λ + 1 + λ3 − λ − λ − 1 = 0 k k + 3
has no solution, then S is ⇒ λ3 − λ = 0 4k
[JEE Main 2017] and B=
⇒ λ(λ2 − 1) = 0 3 − 1
(a) an infinite set k
⇒ λ =0
(b) a finite set containing two or more For no solution, | A | = 0 and (adj A) B ≠ 0
or λ=± 1
elements k+ 1 8
(c) singleton set Hence, given system of linear equation Now, |A|= =0
has a non-trivial solution for exactly k k+3
(d) an empty set
three values of λ. ⇒ (k + 1) (k + 3) − 8k = 0
Ans. (d)
⇒ k 2 + 4k + 3 − 8k = 0
1 1 1 166 The set of all values of λ for which
⇒ k 2 − 4k + 3 = 0
Q ∆= 1 a 1 the system of linear equations
⇒ (k − 1) (k − 3) = 0
a b 1 2x 1 − 2x 2 + x 3 = λx 1 ,
2x 1 − 3x 2 + 2x 3 = λx 2 and ⇒ k = 1 or = 3
= 1 (a − b) − 1 (1 − a) + 1 (b − a 2 ) k + 3 − 8
− x 1 + 2x 2 = λx 3 has a non-trivial Now, adj A =
= − (a − 1) 2
1 1 1
solution, [JEE Main 2015] − k k + 1
(a) is an empty set k + 3 − 8 4k
∆1 = 1 a 1 = 1 (a − b) − 1 (1) + 1 (b) Now, (adj A) B =
(b) is a singleton set
0 b 1 (c) contains two elements − k k + 1 3k − 1
(k + 3) (4k) − 8 (3k − 1)
= − (a − 1) (d) contains more than two elements =
− 4k + (k + 1) (3k − 1)
2
1 1 1 Ans. (c)
∆2 = 1 1 1 Given system of linear equations 4k 2 − 12k + 8
a 0 1 2x 1 − 2x 2 + x 3 = λx 1 = 2
⇒ (2 − λ) x 1 − 2x 2 + x 3 = 0 …(i) − k + 2k − 1
= 1 (1) − 1 (1 − a) + 1 (0 − a) = 0 Put k = 1
1 1 1 2x 1 − 3x 2 + 2x 3 = λx 2
⇒ 2x 1 − (3 + λ) x 2 + 2x 3 = 0 …(ii) 4 − 12 + 8 0
and ∆ 3 = 1 a 1 (adj A) B = = (not true)
− x 1 + 2x 2 = λx 3 − 1 + 2 − 1 0
a b 0 ⇒ − x 1 + 2x 2 − λx 3 = 0 …(iii) Put k = 3
= 1 ( − b) − 1 (− a) + 1 (b − a 2 )
= − a (a − 1)
86 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
36 − 36 + 8 8 1 1 + 0 + 0 1
(adj A) B = = ≠ 0 (true)
⇒ A (u 1 + u 2 ) = 1 ∴ u 1 + u 2 = −2 + 1 + 0 = −1
− 9 + 6 − 1 –4
Hence, required value of k is 1. 0 1 − 2 + 0 −1
Alternate Solution Condition for the Since, A is a non-singular matrix, i.e.,
system of equations has no solution. 169 The number of values of k for
| A | ≠ 0, hence multiplying both sides by
a1 b1 c 1 A −1 (from RHS), we get
which the linear equations
= ≠ 4x + ky + 2z = 0, kx + 4y + z = 0 and
a2 b2 c 2 1
−1
A A (u 1 + u 2 ) = A 1 −1 2x + 2y + z = 0 posses a non-zero
k+ 1 8 4k
∴ = ≠ solution, is [AIEEE 2011]
k k + 3 3k − 1 0
(a) 2 (b) 1
k+ 1 8 −1
Take = 1 0 0 1 (c) 0 (d) 3
k k+3 ⇒ u 1 + u 2 = 2 1 0 × 1 …(i)
⇒ k 2 + 4k + 3 = 8k 3 2 1 0
⇒ k 2 − 4k + 3 = 0 Ans. (a)
⇒ (k − 1) (k − 3) = 0 1 0 0
1 0 Since, equation has non-zero solution.
k = 1, 3 Now, | A | = 2 1 0 = 1 × −0 + 0
2 1 ⇒ ∆ =0
8 4⋅ 1 3 2 1 4 k 2
If k = 1, then ≠ (not true)
1+ 3 2 ∴ k 4 1 =0
[by expanding the determinant along row 1]
8 4⋅3 2 2 1
If k = 3, then ≠ (true) ⇒ |A|=1
6 9− 1
Now, cofactor matrix of A (i.e., the matrix ⇒ 4 (4 − 2) − k (k − 2) + 2 (2k − 8) = 0
k =3 in which every element is replaced by ⇒ 8 − k 2 + 2k + 4k − 16 = 0
Hence, only one value of k exists. corresponding cofactor) ⇒ k 2 − 6k + 8 = 0
⇒ (k − 2) (k − 4) = 0 ⇒k = 2, 4
1 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 1
− Hence, number of values of k is two.
2 1 3 1 3 2
168 Let A = 2 1 0 . If u 1 and u 2 are
0 0 1 0 1 0 170 If the trivial solution is the only
3 2 1 = − − solution of the system of equations
2 1 3 1 3 2
column matrices such that x − ky + z = 0,
1 0 0 0 − 1 0 1 0
2 1
kx + 3y − kz = 0
Au 1 = 0 and Au 2 = 1 , then
1 0 2 0
and 3x + y − z = 0
1 −2 1
0 0
= 0 1 − 2 Then, the set of all values of k is
u 1 + u 2 is equal to [AIEEE 2012]
0 0 1
[AIEEE 2011]
−1 −1 (a) { 2 , − 3 } (b) R − { 2 , − 3}
−2
T
(a) 1 (b) 1 1 1 (c) R − { 2 } (d) R − { − 3}
∴ adj (A) = 0 1 − 2
0 −1 Ans. (b)
0 0 1 x − ky + z = 0, kx + 3y − kz = 0
−1 1
1 0 0 and 3x + y − z = 0 has trivial solution.
(c) −1 (d) −1
= −2 1 0 1 −k 1
0 −1
1 − 2 1 ⇒ k 3 − k ≠0
Ans. (d)
1 0 0 3 1 −1
Given Matrices are
⇒A −1 = −2 1 0
adj (A)
⇒ A −1 = ⇒ 1 (−3 + k) + k (− k + 3k) + 1 (k − 9) ≠ 0
1 0 0 1 |A|
1 − 2 1 ⇒ k − 3 + 2 k2 + k − 9 ≠ 0
A = 2 1 0 , Au 1 = 0 ⇒ 2 k 2 + 2 k − 12 ≠ 0
[Q | A | = 1]
3 2 1 0 ⇒ k2 + k − 6 ≠ 0
From Eq. (i), we get
0 −1 ⇒ (k + 3) (k − 2) ≠ 0
1 0 0 1
and Au 2 = 1 ∴ k ≠ 2, − 3
u 1 + u 2 = 2 1 0 × 1
0
3 2 1 0 k ∈ R − { 2, − 3 }
To Find Matrix u 1 + u 2
1 0 0 1 171 Consider the system of linear
= −2 1 0 × 1
Since, both Au 1 and Au 2 are given, hence equations
adding them, we get
1 0 1 + 0 1 −2 1 0 x 1 + 2x 2 + x 3 = 3,
Au 1 + Au 2 = 0 + 1 = 0 + 1 2x 1 + 3x 2 + x 3 = 3
0 0 0 + 0 and 3x 1 + 5x 2 + 2x 3 = 1
Matrices and Determinants 87
The system has [AIEEE 2010] (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) 0 But α = 1 makes given three equations
Ans. (a) same. So, the system of equations has
(a) infinite number of solutions
infinite solution. So, answer isα = −2for
(b) exactly 3 solutions Given equations are which the system of equations has no
(c) a unique solution x − cy − bz = 0, solution.
(d) no solution cx − y + az = 0
and bx + ay − z = 0 174 If the system of linear equations
Ans. (d)
For non-zero solution, x + 2ay + az = 0,
The given system of linear equations can
1 −c −b x + 3by + bz = 0
be put in the matrix form as
c −1 a =0 and x + 4cy + cz = 0
1 2 1 x 1 3
2 3 1 x = 3 b a −1 has a non-zero solution, then a , b
2 ⇒ 1 (1 − a 2 ) + c (− c − ab) − b (ac + b) = 0 and c [AIEEE 2003]
3 5 2 x 3 1
⇒ 1 − a 2 − c 2 − abc − abc − b 2 = 0 (a) are in AP
1 2 1 x1 3 ⇒ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2abc = 1 (b) are in GP
~ 0 − 1 − 1 x 2 = − 3
173 The system of equations (c) are in HP
0 − 1 − 1 x 3 − 8 (d) satisfy a + 2 b + 3c = 0
αx + y + z = α − 1,
by R 2 → R 2 − 2R 1 , Ans.
R → R − 3R x + αy + z = α − 1 (c)
3 3 1
and x + y + αz = α − 1 Since, the system of linear equations
1 2 1 x 1 3 has a non-zero solution, then
x = 3 has no solution, if α is [AIEEE 2005]
~ 0 1 1
1 2a a
2 (a) 1 (b) not –2 1 3b b = 0
0 0 0 x 3 5 (c) either –2 or 1 (d) –2 1 4c c
[by R 3 → R 3 − R 2 ] Ans. (d) Applying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 , R 3 → R 3 − R 1 , we
Clearly, the given system of equations get
The system of given equations has no
has no solution.
solution, if 1 2a a
Alternate Solution α 1 1
⇒ 0 3b − 2a b − a = 0
Subtracting the addition of first two 1 α 1 =0
equations from third equation, we get 0 4 c − 2a c − a
1 1 α
0 = − 5, which is an absurd result. ⇒ (3b − 2a)(c − a) − (4 c − 2a)(b − a) = 0
ApplyingC 1 → C 1 + C 2 + C 3 ,
Hence, the given system of equations ⇒ 3bc − 3ba − 2ac + 2a 2
α+2 1 1
has no solution. = 4bc − 2ab − 4ac + 2a 2
α + 2 α 1 =0 ⇒ 2ac = bc + ab
172 Let a , b and c be any real numbers. α+2 1 α
On dividing byabc both sides, we get
Suppose that there are real numbers Applying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 , R 3 → R 3 − R 1 , 2 1 1
= +
x, y, z not all zero such that 1 1 1 b a c
x = cy + bz, y = az + cx and (α + 2) 0 α − 1 0 =0 So, a , b and c are in HP.
z = bx + ay. Then, 0 0 α−1
a 2 + b2 + c 2 + 2abc is equal to
[AIEEE 2008] ⇒ (α + 2)(α − 1) 2 = 0
∴ α = 1, − 2
88 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
04
Permutations
and Combinations
TOPIC 1 ⇒(5 + z + y) − (y + z + 5) is divisible by 11 198 − 121
n1 = + 1= 8
Number of Permutations, which is true for all values of y and z 11
⇒y and z can be chosen in 10 × 10 ways 8
Conditional Permutations S 1 = (121 + 198) = 1276
Number of such number = 100 2
and Circular Permutations
The multiply of 11 which are of 3-digits,
03 If 1 P1 + 2 ⋅2 p 1 + 3 ⋅3 P3 + ... + 15 ⋅ less than 500 and having 1 at ten’s place
01 The number of six letter words
(with or without meaning), formed
15
P15 = q Pr − s, are 319, 418
0 ≤ s ≤ 1 , then q + s C r − s is equals to ∴ S 2 = 319 + 418 = 737
using all the letters of the word
The multiple of 11 which are 3-digits, less
‘VOWELS’, so that all the [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
than 500 and having 1 at unit place are
consonants never come together, Ans. (136) 231, 341, 451
is [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] 1
P1 + 2⋅ 2 P2 + 3⋅3 P3 + .... + 15⋅ 15 P15 ∴ S 3 = 231 + 341 + 451 = 1023
Ans. (576) = 1! + 2⋅2! + 3⋅3! + ....+ 15⋅ 15! ∴Required sum = S − S 1 − S 2 − S 3
VOWELS (2 Vowel + 4 consonant) = ∑ r⋅r ! = 7744
All consonants must not be together = ∑ (r + 1 − 1) r ! = ∑ [(r + 1 ) !− r !]
Total possibility of formation of 6 letter = (2! − 1!) + (3! − 2!) + .... 05 If n Pr = n Pr + 1 and n C r = n C r − 1 ,
word = 6! (15! − 14!) + (16! − 15!) then the value of r is equal to
The number of arrangement when all the = (16! − 1!) = 16 P16 − 1 [2021, 25 July Shift-II]
consonoment comes together = 3! × 4! q = r = 16, s =1
q +s
(a) 1 (b) 4
Number of arrangement when all the C r − s = 17C 15 = 136 (c) 2 (d) 3
consonants never come together
04 The sum of all three-digit numbers Ans. (c)
= Total − All consonant together
= 6! − 3! 4! = 576 less than or equal to 500, that are Given, n Pr = n Pr +1
formed without using the digit 1 n! n!
⇒ =
02 A number is called a palindrome if and they all are multiple of 11, is (n − r) ! (n − r − 1) !
it reads the same backward as well [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II] n! n!
⇒ =
as forwar(d) For example 285582 is Ans. (7744) (n − r) (n − r − 1) ! (n − r − 1) !
a six digit palindrome. The number
Multiples of 11 such that they are of 3-digit ⇒ n− r = 1 ...(i)
of six digit palindromes, which are and less than 500. and n
C r = nC r − 1
divisible by 55, is 121, 132, ..., 495 n! n!
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] ⇒ =
495 − 121 r !(n − r ) ! (r − 1) ! (n − r + 1) !
n= + 1 = 35
Ans. (100) 11 1 1
⇒ =
Form of six digit palindrome number 35 r (n − r) ! (n − r + 1) (n − r) !
S= (121 + 495) = 10780
xyzzyx 2
⇒ n− r + 1= r
This will be divisible by 55 Again, multiplies of 11 which are 3-digits, From Eq. (i),
Hence, x = 5 less than 500 and having 1 at hundred’s
place are 121, 132, ..., 198 1 + 1 = r ⇒r = 2
and 5yzzy 5 will be divisible by 11.
Permutations and Combinations 89
06 If the digits are not allowed to 09 The missing value in the following 12 The total number of two digit
repeat in any number formed by figure is [2021, 18 March Shift-I] numbers ‘ n’, such that 3 n + 7 n is a
using the digits 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, then multiple of 10, is ……… .
the number of all numbers greater 2 3 [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
than 10000 is equal to ……… . Ans. (45)
[2021, 22 July Shift-II] 1 5
1 ? We may write, 7 n = (10 − 3) n or
Ans. (96) 7 n = 10K + (−3) n (using expansion)
0, 2, 4, 6, 8 424 36 ∴7 n + 3n = 10K + (−3) n + 3n
12 4
10 k , n = odd
2/4/6/8 =
8 7 10 k + .
23 n
, n = even
Let n = even = 2t, t ∈N
4 options × 4 options × 3 ×2 × 1
Then,3n = 32 t = 9t = (10 − 1) t
∴Total = 4 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 96 Ans. (4) = 10 p + (−1) t
As, we observe the pattern = 10 p ± 1
07 Words with or without meaning are Inside number = (difference)(difference)! If n = even, then 7 n + 3n will never be
to be formed using all the letters of multiple of 10.
= (Greater number − Smaller number)
the word EXAMINATION. The (Greater number − Smaller number)! This implies n = odd
probability that the letter M
i.e. 1 = (2 − 1) (2 − 1 )! , 424 = (12 − 8) (12 − 8 )! , n = 11, 13, 15,K 99 (since, n is two digit)
appears at the fourth position in
36 = (7 − 4) (7 − 4 )! ⇒ 10 < n < 100
any such word is
[2021, 20 July Shift-I] ∴ ? = (5 − 3) (5 − 3 )! Total possible ‘n’ are 45.
(a) 1/66 (b) 1/11 (c) 1/9 (d) 2/11 ∴Required number = 22 ! = 22 × 1 = 4
10
13 The total number of numbers, lying
Ans. (b)
10 If ∑ r ! (r 3 + 6r 2 + 2r + 5) = α(11!), then between 100 and 1000 that can be
E X A M IN A T I ON r =1 formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, if
123 14 4244 3
3 7 the value of α is equal to ………… . the repetition of digits is not
10 ! allowed and numbers are divisible
Let x = When M is at fourth place = [2021, 18 March Shift-II]
2! 2! 2! by either 3 or 5, is ………… .
Ans. (160)
11!
Let y = Total number of words = 10 [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
2! 2! 2! Σ r ! [(r + 1)(r + 2) (r + 3) − 9 (r + 1) + 8]
r =1 Ans. (32)
x 1
Probability = = 10
Given, digits = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
y 11 = Σ [{(r + 3) ! − (r + 1) !} − 8 {(r + 1) ! − r !}]
r =1 Numbers divisible by 3 (sum of digits
= (13! + 12! − 2! − 3!) − 8 (11! − 1) divisible by 3).
08 The sum of all the 4-digit distinct
= (12⋅ 13 + 12 − 8) . 11! − 8 + 8
numbers that can be formed with
= (160) (11!)
the digits 1, 2, 2 and 3 is
[2021, 18 March Shift-I]
∴ α = 160 Case I When sum is 12 → 3, 4, 5 → 3! = 6
(a) 26664 (b) 122664 Case II When sum is9 → 2, 3, 4 → 3! = 6
11 The total number of 4-digit Case III When sum is9 → 1, 3, 5 → 3! = 6
(c) 122234 (d) 22264 numbers whose greatest common
Ans. (a) Case IV When sum is6 → 1, 2, 3 → 3! = 6
divisor with 18 is 3,
So, total numbers divisible by
Given, digits are = 1, 2, 2, 3 is ______. [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
3 = 6 × 4 = 24
∴Total distinct numbers = 4!/2! = 12 Ans. (1000) Numbers divisible by 5 (ending with 5)
1 at unit place ⇒Number of such Let x be four digit number, then gcd
3! (x, 18) = 3 5 = 4×3 = 12
numbers = = 3
2! This implies x is divisible by 3 but not 4×3
2 at unit place ⇒Number of such divisible by 9. 1
numbers = 3! = 6 The 4-digit numbers which is an odd So, total numbers divisible by 5 = 12
3 at unit place ⇒Number of such multiple of 3 are 1005, 1011, 1017, …… 9999
Numbers divisible by 15, are 145, 415, 345,
3! These are 1499 in counting i.e. total
numbers = = 3 435
2! number of 4-digit numbers which is odd
multiple of 3 are 1499. i.e. total 4 numbers are divisible by both
∴Sum of digits at unit place is 3 and 5.
Now, The 4-digit numbers which is an
3 × 1 + 6 × 2 + 3 × 3 = 24 i.e. divisible by 15.
odd multiple of 9 are, 1017, 1035, …999
Hence, sum of all 4 digit such numbers Hence, the required numbers which are
These, are total 499.
= (3 + 12 + 9) (10 3 + 10 2 + 10 + 1) divisible by 3 or 5
Then, required 4-digit numbers
= 1111 × 24 = 24 + 12 − 4 = 32
= 1499 − 499 = 1000
= 26664
90 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
14 If the letters of the word ‘MOTHER’ So, required number of five digit Let the six-digit number beabcdef and to
be permuted and all the words so numbers is be divisible by 11, so the difference of
formed (with or without meaning) 8 × 8 × 7 × 6 = 336 k (given) sum of odd placed digits and sum of
8 × 8 × 7 ×6 even placed digits should be either 0 or a
be listed as in dictionary, then the ⇒ k= multiple of 11 means
position of the word ‘MOTHER’ 336 | (a + c + e) − (b + d + f) | should be either
is………… 8×8×7
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] = =8 0 or a multiple of 11.
Ans. (309) 56
Hence, possible case is
Hence, option (a) is correct.
Given word in MOTHER, now alphabetical a + c + e = 12 = b + d + f (only)
order of letters is EHMORT, so number of Now, Case I
17 The number of four-digit numbers
words start with letter. set {a, c, e } = {0, 5, 7 } and set
strictly greater than 4321 that can
E ------ is 5! H ------ is 5! {b, d, f } = { 1, 2, 9}
be formed using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3,
M E ------ is 4! M H ------ is 4! So, number of 6-digits numbers
4, 5 (repetition of digits is allowed)
M O E ------ is 3! M O H ------ is 3! = (2 × 2!) × (3!) = 24
is [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
M O R ------ is 3! M O T E ------ is 2! [Qa can be selected in ways only either 5
(a) 306 (b) 310 (c) 360 (d) 288 or 7].
M O T H E R is 1
Ans. (b) Case II
So, position of the word ‘MOTHER’ is
5! + 5! + 4! + 4! + 3! + 3! + 3! + 2! + 1
Following are the cases in which the Set {a, c, e } = { 1, 2, 9} and set
4-digit numbers strictly greater than {b, d, f } = {0, 5, 7 }
= 120 + 120 + 24 + 24 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 2 + 1 4321 can be formed using digits 0, 1, 2, 3,
= 309 So, number of 6-digits numbers
4, 5 (repetition of digits is allowed)
= 3! × 3! = 36
Case-I
15 Two families with three members So, total number of 6-digits numbers
each and one family with four 4 3 2 = 24 + 36 = 60
members are to be seated in a row. 2/3/4/5 4 ways 4 numbers 19 The number of natural numbers
In how many ways can they be
Case-II less than 7,000 which can be
seated so that the same family
formed by using the digits 0, 1, 3, 7,
members are not separated? 4 3
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
9 (repitition of digits allowed) is
(a) 2 ! 3! 4 ! (b) (3!) ⋅ (4 !)
3 3/4/5 0/1/2/3/4/5 3×6=18 numbers equal to [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
(c) (3!) 2 ⋅ (4 !) (d) 3! (4 !) 3 3 ways 6 ways (a) 374 (b) 375 (c) 372 (d) 250
Ans. (b) Case-III Ans. (a)
Since two families has 3 members each Using the digits 0, 1, 3, 7, 9
4
and one family with four members. So Number of one digit natural numbers that
that can be seated among themself, so 4/5 0/1/2/3/4/5 2×6×6=72 numbers can be formed = 4,
same family members are not separated 2 ways 6 ways
Number of two digit natural numbers
in 3!, 3!and 4!respectively. that can be formed = 20,
Case-IV
Now the groups (means families) can
arrange in3!ways. So, required number 5
of ways is 6×6×6=216 numbers
3! × 3! × 4! × 3! = (3!) 3 ⋅4! 0/1/2/3/4/5
4×5
6 ways
(Q0 can not come in Ist box)
16 If the number of five digit numbers So, required total numbers Number of three digit natural numbers
with distinct digits and 2 at the 10th = 4 + 18 + 72 + 216 = 310 that can be formed = 100
place is 336 k, then k is equal to
(a) 8 (b) 7 18 The number of 6 digits numbers
(c) 4 (d) 6 that can be formed using the digits
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I] 0, 1, 2,5, 7 and 9 which are divisible 4×5× 5
Ans. (a) by 11 and no digit is repeated, is
and number of four digit natural
It is given that the 10th place of 5 digit [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
numbers less than 7000, that can be
number with distinct digits is ‘2’, then the (a) 60 (b) 72 (c) 48 (d) 36 formed = 250
ten thousand place, thousand place, Ans. (a)
hundred place and unit place we can fill
in 8, 8, 7 and 6 ways only. Key Idea Use divisibility test of 11 and
2 consider different situation according to 2×5× 5×5
given condition.
(Qonly 1 or 3 can come in Ist box)
Since, the sum of given digits ∴Total number of natural numbers
8 8 7 1 6 0 + 1 + 2 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 24 formed = 4 + 20 + 100 + 250 = 374
Permutations and Combinations 91
20 If all the words (with or without To find The number of ways for selecting 25 How many ways are there to
meaning) having five letters, atleast one ball. arrange the letters in the word
formed using the letters of the Number of ways to choose zero or more ‘GARDEN’ with the vowels in
white balls
word SMALL and arranged as in a alphabetical order? [AIEEE 2004]
dictionary, then the position of the = (10 + 1) [since, all white balls are
(a) 120 (b) 240
mutually identical]
word SMALL is [JEE Main 2016] (c) 360 (d) 480
Number of ways to choose zero or more
(a) 46th (b) 59th (c) 52nd (d) 58th Ans. (c)
green balls
Ans. (d) = (9 + 1) [since, all green balls are Total number of ways in which all letters
Clearly, number of words start with mutually identical] can be arranged in alphabetical order
4!
A = = 12 = 6!.
Number of ways to choose zero or more
2! black balls = (7 + 1) [since, all black balls There are two vowels (A, E) in the word
Number of words start withL = 4! = 24 ‘GARDEN’. Total number of ways in which
4! are mutually identical]
Number of words start with M = = 12 these two vowels can be arranged = 2!
2! Hence, number of ways to choose zero 6!
3! or more balls of any colour ∴ Total number of required ways =
Number of words start withSA = = 3 2!
= (10 + 1)(9 + 1)(7 + 1)
2! = 360
Number of words start with SL = 3! = 6 Also, number of ways to choose a total
of zero 26 The number of ways in which 6
Note that, next word will be “SMALL”.
balls = 1 men and 5 women can dine at a
Hence, the position of word “SMALL” is
Hence, the number, if ways to choose round table, if no two women are
58th.
atleast one ball (irrespective of any
to sit together, is given by
21 The number of integers greater colour)= (10 + 1)(9 + 1)(7 + 1) − 1 = 879
[AIEEE 2003]
than 6000 that can be formed, [10 × 9 × 7 − 1 = number of ways to select
(a) 6 ! × 5 ! (b) 30
atleast one ball of each colour
using the digits 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 (c) 5 ! × 4 ! (d) 7 ! × 5 !
(in case there is some confusion]
without repetition, is Ans. (a)
[JEE Main 2015] 23 If the letters of the word ‘SACHIN’ First, we fix the position of men, the
(a) 216 (b) 192 (c) 120 (d) 72 are arranged in all possible ways
number of ways to sit men = 5!and the
Ans. (b) and these words are written out as
number of ways to sit women = 6 P5
The integer greater than 6000 may be of in dictionary, then the word
M
4 digit or 5 digit. So, here two cases ‘SACHIN’ appears at serial number
arise. [AIEEE 2005]
M M
Case I When number is of 4 digit. Four (a) 602 (b) 603 (c) 600 (d) 601
digit number can starts from 6, 7 or 8 Ans. (d)
6, 7 or 8
In the word ‘SACHIN’, order of alphabets M
M
is A, C, H, I, N and S. Number of words
start with A = 5!, so with C, H, I, N.
3 4 3 2 M
Now, words start with S and after that
Thus, total number of 4 digit number, ACHIN are in ascending order of
which are greater than 6000 ∴ Total number of ways = 5! × 6 P5
position, so 5⋅ 5! = 600 words are in
= 3 × 4 × 3 × 2 = 72 = 5! × 6!
dictionary before words with S start and
Case II When number is of 5 digit. position of this word is 601.
Total number of five digit number which
are greater than 6000 = 5! = 120 24 The range of the function TOPIC 2
∴Total number of integers f (x) = 7 − x Px − 3 is [AIEEE 2004]
Number of Combinations,
= 72 + 120 = 192 (a) {1, 2, 3}
(b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Conditional Combinations
22 Assuming the balls to be identical (c) {1, 2, 3, 4} and Dearrangement
except for difference in colours, (d) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
the number of ways in which one or 27 The number of three-digit even
Ans. (a)
more balls can be selected from 10 7−x
numbers, formed by the digits 0, 1,
white, 9 green and 7 black balls is Given that,f (x) = Px − 3 . The above
3, 4, 6, 7, if the repetition of digits is
function is defined, if 7 − x ≥ 0 and
[AIEEE 2012]
x − 3 ≥ 0 and 7 − x ≥ x − 3. not allowed, is [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
(a) 880 (b) 629 ⇒x ≤ 7, x ≥ 3 and x ≤ 5 ∴ D f = {3, 4, 5 } Ans. (52)
(c) 630 (d) 879 Case I When 0 is at unit place
Now, f (3) = P0 = 1
4
f (4) = P1 = 3 and
3
Ans. (d) 0
f (5) = 2 P2 = 2 × × = 20
Given 10 identical white balls, 9 identical (5) (4) (1)
∴ R f = {1, 2, 3}
green balls and 7 identical black balls.
92 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Case II When 4 or 6 are at unit place Ans. (98) 33 Team A consists of 7 boys and n
4 We have, girls and Team B has 4 boys and 6
× × 6 = 32 1 nC 0 + 3 nC 1 + 5 nC 2 + K + (2n + 1) n C n girls. If a total of 52 single matches
(4) (4) (2)
Tr = (2r + 1) n C r can be arranged between these
[0 cannot be come at hundredth place]
Now, sum (S ) = ∑Tr two teams, when a boy plays
∴ Total number of required against a boy and a girl plays
= 20 + 32 = 52 S = ∑ (2r + 1) nC r against a girl, then n is equal to
28 Let n be a non-negative integer. = 2∑ r nC r + ∑
n
Cr [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
Then the number of divisors of the (a) 5 (b) 2
= 2(n 2n − 1 ) + 2n = n ⋅ 2n + 2n (c) 4 (d) 6
form“4n + 1” of the number
∴ S = 2n (n + 1) Ans. (c)
(10) 10 . (11) 11 . (13) 13 is equal to …………
Given that, S = 2100 ⋅ 101 Boys Girls
[2021, 27 July shift-II]
⇒ 2n (n + 1) = 2100 ⋅ 101 Team A 7 n
Ans. (924)
⇒ n = 100 Team B 4 6
Let N = (10) 10 ⋅ (11) 11 ⋅ (13) 13 n − 1
100 − 1 99
N = 210 ⋅ 510 ⋅ 1111 ⋅ 1313 Now, 2 =2 =2 Number of matches between Team A
2 2 2
Now, power of 2 must be zero. and Team B when a boy play against a
Power of 5 can be anything. = 2[49.5] = 2 × 49 = 98 boy (7 C 1 × 4C 1 ) = 28
Power of 13 can be anything. (Q[x] is greatest integer function) Similarly, number of matches between
But power of 11 should be even. 31 There are 15 players in a cricket Team A and Team B when a girl play
So, required number of divisor is
team, out of which 6 are bowlers, against a girl (n C 1 × 6C 1 ) = 6n
= 1 × 11 × 14 × 6 = 924 According to question,
7 are batsmen and 2 are
29 There are 5 students in class 10, 6 wicketkeepers. The number of 28 + 6n = 52
students in class 11 and 8 students ways, a team of 11 players be 6n = 24
in class 12. If the number of ways in selected from them so as to n=4
which 10 students can be selected include atleast 4 bowlers, 5
batsman and 1 wicketkeeper, is 34 A natural number has prime
from them so as to include at least factorisation given by n = 2 x 3 y 5 z ,
……… . [2021, 20 July Shift-I]
2 students from each class and at where y and z are such that
most 5 students from the total 11 Ans. (777)
5
students of class 10 and 11 is 100 k, Total number of players = 15 y + z = 5 and y −1 + z −1 = , y > z.
Bowlers = 6, Batsman = 7, Wicket 6
then k is equal to ………
[2021, 25 July Shift-I] keepers = 2 Then, the number of odd divisors of
Bowlers Batsman Wicket Total
n, including 1, is
Ans. (238)
Keepers [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
10(5) 11(6) 12(8) 4+ 1 5 1
6
C5 × C5 7 (a) 11 (b) 6 (c) 6x (d) 12
2+1 2 2+3 Ans. (d)
× 2 C 1 = 252
2 2+1 2+3 Given, n = 2x3y 5z
4 5+ 1 1
6
C 4 × 7C 6
2 2 2+4 and y + z=5
123 123 × 2 C 1 = 210 1 1 5 y+z 5
+ = or =
5 5 4 5 1+ 1
6
C 4 × 7C 5 + y z 6 yz 6
⇒ 5
C 3 × C 2 × C 5 = 8400
6 8
2
C 2 = 315 This implies,
⇒ 5
C 2 × 6C 3 × 8C 5 = 11200 y + z = 5 and yz = 6
Total = 252 + 210 + 315 = 777 6
⇒ 5
C 2 × 6C 2 × 8C 6 = 4200 Put y = in y + z = 5
Total = 8400 + 11200 + 4200 = 23800 z
32 The number of times the digit 3 will 6
According to the question, 100K = 23800 be written when listing the integers ⇒ + z = 5 or z 2 − 5z + 6 = 0
z
K = 238 from 1 to 1000 is ……… .
⇒ z 2 − 3z − 2z + 6 = 0
[2021, 18 March Shift-I]
30 Let n ∈ N and [x] denote the Ans. (300)
(z − 3)(z − 2) = 0
greatest integer less than or equal ⇒ z = 3 or 2
Let the number be xyz, 0 ≤ x, y, z ≤ 9 6
to x. If the sum of (n + 1) terms Using y = , we get y = 2 or 3
n Case I ‘3’ appears only one time z
C 0 , 3. n C 1 , 5. n C2 , 7. n C3 …… is
⇒ 3 C 1 × 9 × 9 = 243
n − 1 For calculating the odd divisor x must be
equal to 2 100 . 101, then 2 is Case II ‘3’ appears two times 0 i.e. x =`0
2 ⇒ 3 C 2 × 2 × 9 = 54 ∴ n = 20 33 52 or n = 2032 53
equal to ……… . Case III ‘3’ appears three times Total number of odd divisor of nis equal to
[2021, 25 July Shift-II]
⇒ 3
C3 × 3 = 3 = (3 + 1)(2 + 1)
∴Total = 243 + 54 + 3 = 300 = (4)(3) = 12
Permutations and Combinations 93
35 The number of seven digit integers number of groups = 3 (i.e. A, B and C) Now, let x = t + 1, t ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, …, 8}
with sum of the digits equal to 10 Each group has atleast one student but So, t + 1 + y + z = 10
and formed by using the digits 1, 2 group C has atmost 3 students. ⇒ t + y + z = 9 having non-negative
and 3 only is [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] ∴There are 3 cases depending on integral solution = 9 + 3 − 1C 3 − 1 = 11C 2 = 55
number of students in groupC. But, it include the case, whent = 9
(a) 42 (b) 82
A
(c) 77 (d) 35 Case I C has 1 student, then ←9 ⇒ x = 10, which is not possible, so
B required number of 3-digit numbers
Ans. (c)
students = 55 − 1 = 54
To form a seven digit number with sum
of digits 10, all the digits can’t be 1, 2 or 3. ∴Number of ways = 10C 1 × [29 − 2] Hence, answer is 54.00.
A 20
Case IIC has 2 students, then ←8
40 The value of ∑ 50 − r C 6 is equal to
Hence, seven digit number must have
the following cases, B
r =0
Case 1. Using 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3 Students.
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
Possible seven digit numbers will be ∴Number of ways = 10C 2 × [28 − 2]
A (a) 50 C 7 − 30C 7
7!
= = 7 × 6 = 42 Case IIIC has 3 students, then ←7 (b) 51 C 7 − 30C 7
5! B
(c) 51 C 7 + 30C 7
Case 2. Using 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1 Students.
(d) 50 C 6 − 30C 6
Possible numbers will be ∴Number of ways = 10C 3 × [27 − 2]
7! 7 × 6 × 5 ∴Required number of possibilities Ans. (b)
= = = 35
3!4! 3×2 = 10C 1 (29 − 2) + 10C 2 (28 − 2) + 10 C 3 (27 − 2) The value of
20
= 27 [10 C 1 × 4 + 10C 2 × 2 + 10C 3 ]
∑
50 − r
No more cases will be forme(d) C 6 = 50C 6 + 49
C 6 + 48C 6 + … + 30
C6
Hence, total number of seven digit − 20 − 90 − 240 r =0
numbers possible = 128[40 + 90 + 120] − 350 20
∑
50 − r
⇒ C6 + 30
C7
= 42 + 35 = 77 = (128 × 250) − 350 = 31650 r =0
36 The total number of positive = 30C 7 + [30 C 6 + 31C 6 + 32
C6 + … + 50
C 6]
38 A scientific committee is to be 20
integral solutions (x, y, z), such that formed from 6 Indians and 8 ⇒∑ 50 − r
C6 + C730
xyz = 24 is [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] foreigners, which includes at least r =0
(a) 36 (b) 24 2 Indians and double the number of = 31C 7 + 31 C 6 + 32 C 6 + …+ 50 C 6
(c) 45 (d) 30 foreigners as Indians. Then, the n+1
[as n C r + nC r +1 = Cr +1
]
Ans. (d) number of ways, the committee 20
∑
50 − r
Given, xyz = 24 can be formed, is Similarly, C6 + 30
C7 = C7 51
r = 0 20
⇒ xyz = 23 ⋅31
∑
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] 50 − r
⇒ C 6 = 51C 7 − 30C 7
x = 2 1 ⋅3 1 , (a) 1050 (b) 1625
a b
Let r =0
y = 2 ⋅3 2 ,
a2 b (c) 560 (d) 575 Hence, option (b) is correct.
z = 2 3 ⋅3 3
a b Ans. (b)
where,a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ∈{0, 1, 2, 3} Given,
41 A test consists of 6 multiple choice
Number of Indians = 6
questions, each having 4
b 1 , b 2 , b 3 ∈ {0, 1}
alternative answers of which only
Case I a 1 + a 2 + a 3 = 3 Number of foreigners = 8
one is correct. The number of
∴Non-negative solution Committee of at least 2 Indians and
= 3 + 3 − 1C 3 − 1 = 5 C 2 = 10 double number of foreigners is to be
ways, in which a candidate answers
forme(d) Hence, the required cases are all six questions such that exactly
Case II b 1 + b 2 + b 3 = 1
(2I, 4F ) + (3I, 6F ) + (4I, 8F ) four of the answers are correct, is
∴Non-negative solution
= 1 + 3 − 1C 3 − 1 = 3C 2 = 3 = 6C 2 × 8C 4 + 6C 3 × 8C 6 + 6C 4 × 8C 8 ……… . [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II]
∴Total solutions = 10 × 3 = 30 = (15 × 70) + (20 × 28) + (15 × 1) Ans. (135)
= 1050 + 560 + 15 Number of ways to select four questions
37 The students S 1 , S2 ,…, S 10 are to be = 1625 from six questions = 6C 4
divided into 3 groups A, B and C And number of ways to answer these
such that each group has at least 39 The total number of 3-digit questions correctly = 1 × 1 × 1 × 1 = 1
one student and the group C has at numbers, whose sum of digits is 10, And number of ways to answer remain
most 3 students. Then, the total is ............ . [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II] two questions wrongly = 3 × 3 = 9
number of possibilities of forming Ans. (54) ∴ Required number of ways = 6C 4 × 1 × 9
such groups is ……… . 6!
Let the digits of 3-digit numbers are = ×9
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] x, y, z such that 2! 4!
Ans. (31650) x + y + z = 10 and x, y, z ∈{0, 1, 2, 3, …, 9}, 6× 5
= × 9 = 135
Given, total students = 10 but x ≠ 0 2
94 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
42 The number of words, with or 44 The number of words (with or 35!
without meaning, that can be without meaning) that can be r !(35 − r) !
= 6⋅ , (for 35 ≥ r)
formed by taking 4 letters at a time formed from all the letters of the 36!
from the letters of the work word “LETTER” in which vowels (r + 1) !(35 − r)
‘SYLLABUS’ such that two letters never come together is r+1 r+1
⇒ k 2 − 3 = 6⋅ =
are distinct and two letters are [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II] 36 6
alike, is …… . [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I] Ans. (120.00) ⇒ 6k 2 − 18 = r + 1
Ans. (240.00) ⇒ r = 6k 2 − 19 ≤ 35 [Qr ≤ 35]
Given word is LETTER, having vowels E,
E and consonants L, T, T, R. Now, the ⇒ 6k ≤ 54 ⇒k 2 ≤ 9
2
The given word is ‘SYLLABUS’ having
letters SS, LL, ABUY number of ways to arrange the ⇒ k ∈ [−3, 3] …(ii)
4!
Now, number of ways to select two like consonants are = 12. From intervals (i) and (ii), we get
2! k ∈ [−3, − 3) ∪ ( 3, 3]
letters are 2 C 1 .
Now, we have five place to put vowels E,
And number of ways to select two ∴Possible integral values of
distinct letters are 5 C 2 E.
× × × × k = − 3, − 2, 2, 3
And number of ways to permutate the ∴Number of ordered pairs (r, k) = (35, − 3),
4!
2 like letters and 2 distinct letters is . (5, − 2), (5, 2) and (35, 3).
2! So, number of ways to arrange vowels is,
So, number of required words 5
C 2 = 10 47 The number of 4 letter words (with
4! So, number of required words or without meaning) that can be
= 2C 1 × 5C 2 × formed from the eleven letters of
2! = 12 × 10 = 120
= 2 × 10 × 12 = 240 the word ‘EXAMINATION’ is ..............
45 Total number of 6-digit numbers in [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
43 There are 3 sections in a question which only and all the five digits 1,
Ans. (2454)
paper and each section contains 5 3, 5, 7 and 9 appear, is
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] Given word is ‘EXAMINATION’ having
questions. A candidate has to letters (AA), (II), (NN), EXMOT, we have to
answer a total of 5 questions, 5
(a) 6! (b) (6 !) form 4 letter words, then following cases
choosing at least one question from 2 are possible
each section. Then the number of 1
(c) (6 !) (d) 5 6 (I) 2 same, 2 same and number of words
ways, in which the candidate can 2 4!
Ans. (b) are 3 C 2 × = 18
choose the questions, is 2!2!
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] To make 6-digit numbers from given (II) 2 same, 2 different and number of
(a) 3000 (b) 1500 digits 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, we must repeat a words are
(c) 2255 (d) 2250 digit and we can done the same in 5 C 1
4! 7 ×6 4×3×2
ways. 3
C 1 × 7C 2 × =3× ×
Ans. (d) 2! 2 2
Now, the arrangement of these 6-digits
As each section has 5 questions, so 6! = 21 × 36 = 756
number of ways to select 5 questions are in which two are identical is . (III) All are different and number of words
2!
A are
So, required numbers of 6-digit 8× 7 ×6× 5
numbers
8
C 4 × 4! = 4!
4!
6! 5
= 5 C 1 = (6!) = 56 × 30 = 1680
2! 2
So, total number of 4 letter words are
B C 46 The number of ordered pairs (r, k ) 18 + 756 + 1680 = 2454
S1 S2 S3 for which 6 ⋅ 35 C r = (k 2 − 3) ⋅ 36 C r + 1 , Hence, answer is 2454.
1 1 3
where k is an integer, is 48 All possible numbers are formed
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
1 3 1 using the digits 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4
(a) 4 (b) 3
3 1 1 taken all at a time. The number of
(c) 2 (d) 6
such numbers in which the odd
1 2 2 Ans. (a) digits occupy even places is
and 2 1 2 Given relation,6⋅35 C r = (k 2 − 3) ⋅36C r +1 [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
2 2 1 Q n C r ∈N ∀ n, r ∈ W such that n ≥ r (a) 180 (b) 175
∴Total number of selection of 5 questions ∴ k2 − 3 > 0 (c) 160 (d) 162
= 3 × ( 5C 1 × 5C 1 × 5C 3) ⇒ k ∈ (−∞, − 3) ∪ ( 3, ∞) …(i) Ans. (a)
+3 × ( 5 C 1 × 5 C 2 × 5 C 2 ) 35
Cr Given digits are 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4.
and k 2 − 3 = 6⋅ 36
= 3(5 × 5 × 10) + 3(5 × 10 × 10) Cr According to the question, odd numbers
+1
= 750 + 1500 = 2250. 1, 1, 3 should occur at even places only.
Permutations and Combinations 95
connected by beams with the top of all Ans. (c)
its non-adjacent pillars, then total It is given that a group of students
number of beams = number of diagonals comprises of 5 boys and n girls. The
of 20-sided polygon. number of ways, in which a team of 3
Q 20 C 2 is selection of any two vertices of students can be selected from this
Even places 20-sided polygon which included the sides group such that each team consists of at
as well. least one boy and at least one girls, is =
∴The number of ways to arrange odd So, required number of total beams (number of ways selecting one boy and 2
numbers at even places are 4 C 3 ×
3! = 20C 2 − 20 girls) + (number of ways selecting two
2! [Qthe number of diagonals in a n-sided boys and 1 girl)
= ( C 1 × nC 2 ) ( C 2 × nC 1 ) = 1750 [given]
5 5
and the number of ways to arrange closed polygon = nC 2 − n]
6! 20 × 19 n(n − 1) 5 × 4
remaining even numbers are . = − 20 = 190 − 20 = 170 ⇒ 5 × + × n = 1750
4!2! 2 2 2
2
So, total number of 9-digit numbers, that 51 The number of ways of choosing 10 ⇒ n (n − 1) + 4n = × 1750
5
can be formed using the given digits are objects out of 31 objects of which 10 ⇒ n2 + 3n = 2 × 350
3! 6! are identical and the remaining 21
4
C3 × × = 4 × 3 × 15 = 180 ⇒ n2 + 3n − 700 = 0
2! 4!2! are distinct, is [2019, 12 April Shift-I] ⇒ n + 28n − 25n − 700 = 0
2
49 A committee of 11 members is to be (a) 220 − 1 (b) 221 ⇒ n(n + 28) − 25(n + 28) = 0
formed from 8 males and 5 (c) 220 (d) 220 + 1 ⇒ n = 25 [Qn ∈N ]
females. If m is the number of ways Ans. (c) 53 Consider a class of 5 girls and
the committee is formed with at Given that, out of 31 objects 10 are 7 boys. The number of different
least 6 males and n is the number identical and remaining 21 are distinct, teams consisting of 2 girls and
of ways the committee is formed so in following ways, we can choose 10
3 boys that can be formed from
with atleast 3 females, then objects.
this class, if there are two specific
[2019, 9 April Shift-I] 0 identical + 10 distincts, number of
ways boys A and B, who refuse to be the
(a) m = n = 68 (b) m + n = 68
= 1 × 21C 10
members of the same team, is
(c) m = n = 78 (d) n = m − 8 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
Ans. (c) 1 identical + 9 distincts, number of ways
(a) 350 (b) 500 (c) 200 (d) 300
= 1 × 21C 9
Since there are 8 males and 5 females. 2 identicals + 8 distincts, number of Ans. (d)
Out of these 13 members committee of 11 ways = 1 × 21C 8 Number of girls in the class = 5 and
members is to be forme(d) According to
10 identicals + 0 distinct, number of ways number of boys in the class = 7
the question, m = number of ways when
there is at least 6 males = 1 × 21C 0 Now, total ways of forming a team of 3
So, total number of ways in which we can boys and 2 girls = 7C 3 ⋅5 C 2 = 350
= (8 C 6 × 5C 5 ) + (8 C 7 × 5 C 4 ) + (8 C 8 × 5 C 3 )
choose 10 objects is But, if two specific boys are in team,
= (28 × 1) + (8 × 5)+ (1 × 10) 21
C 10 + 21C 9 + 21C 8 + K + 21C 0 = x (let) then number of ways = 5 C 1 ⋅5 C 2 = 50
= 28 + 40 + 10 = 78
… (i) Required ways, i.e. the ways in which two
and n = number of ways when there is at specific boys are not in the same team
least 3 females ⇒ 21 C 11 + 21C 12 + 21C 13 + K + 21C 21 = x
= 350 − 50 = 300.
= ( 5 C 3 × 8 C 8 ) + ( 5 C 4 × 8 C 7 ) + ( 5C 5 × 8 C 6 ) … (ii)
Alternate Method Number of ways when
= 10 × 1 + 5 × 8 + 1 × 28 = 78 [Q nC r = nC n − r ]
A is selected and B is not
So, m = n = 78 On adding both Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get = 5 C 2 ⋅5 C 2 = 100
2x = 21C 0 + 21C 1 + 21C 2 + K + 21C 10 Number of ways when B is selected and
50 Suppose that 20 pillars of the same A is not = 5 C 2 ⋅5 C 2 = 100
height have been erected along the + 21C 11 + 21C 12 + K + 21C 21 Number of ways when both A and B are
boundary of a circular stadium. If ⇒ 2x = 221 ⇒x = 220 not selected = 5 C 3 ⋅5 C 2 = 100
the top of each pillar has been ∴Required ways = 100 + 100 + 100 = 300.
connected by beams with the top 52 A group of students comprises of
of all its non-adjacent pillars, then 5 boys and n girls. If the number of 54 Consider three boxes, each
the total number of beams is containing 10 balls labelled 1, 2, …,
ways, in which a team of 3 students
[2019, 10 April Shift-II] 10. Suppose one ball is randomly
can randomly be selected from this drawn from each of the boxes.
(a) 180 (b) 210 (c) 170 (d) 190 group such that there is at least Denote by ni , the label of the ball
Ans. (c) one boy and at least one girl in drawn from the ith box, (i = 1, 2, 3).
It is given that, there are 20 pillars of the each team, is 1750, then n is equal Then, the number of ways in which
same height have been erected along to [2019, 12 April Shift-II] the balls can be chosen such that
the boundary of a circular stadium. Now, n 1 < n2 < n3 is [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
(a) 28 (b) 27
the top of each pillar has been
(c) 25 (d) 24 (a) 82 (b) 120 (c) 240 (d) 164
96 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (b) Number of ways of selecting 4 novels 59 Let A and B be two sets containing
6!
Given there are three boxes, each from 6 novels is 6 C 4 = = 15 2 elements and 4 elements,
containing 10 balls labelled 1, 2, 3, … , 10. 2!4!
respectively. The number of subsets
Now, one ball is randomly drawn from Number of ways of selecting 1 dictionary of A × B having 3 or more elements
3!
each boxes, and ni denote the label of is from 3 dictionaries is 3 C 1 = =3 is [JEE Main 2013]
the ball drawn from theith box, (i = 1, 2, 3). 1!2!
(a) 256 (b) 220
Then, the number of ways in which the ∴Total number of arrangement of 4
(c) 219 (d) 211
balls can be chosen such that n1 < n2 < n3 novels and 1 dictionary where dictionary is
is same as selection of 3 different always in the middle, is Ans. (c)
numbers from numbers {1, 2, 3, … , 10} 15 × 3 × 4! = 45 × 24 = 1080 Given, n (A) = 2 and n (B) = 4
= 10C 3 = 120. ∴ n(A × B) = 8
55 There are m men and two women 57 A man X has 7 friends, 4 of them The number of subsets of A × B having 3
participating in a chess are ladies and 3 are men. His wife Y or more elements
tournament. Each participant plays also has 7 friends, 3 of them are = 8C 3 + 8C 4 + … + 8C 8
two games with every other ladies and 4 are men. Assume X = 28 − 8C 0 − 8C 1 − 8C 2
participant. If the number of games and Y have no common friends. = 256 − 1 − 8 − 28 = 219
played by the men between Then, the total number of ways in [Q2n = nC 0 + nC 1 + K + nC n ]
themselves exceeds the number of which X and Y together can throw 60 LetT n be the number of all possible
games played between the men a party inviting 3 ladies and 3 men, triangles formed by joining vertices
and the women by 84, then the so that 3 friends of each of X and Y of an n-sided regular polygon. If
value of m is [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] are in this party, is [JEE Main 2017] T n + 1 − T n = 10, then the value of n is
(a) 12 (b) 11 (c) 9 (d) 7 (a) 485 (b) 468 [JEE Main 2013]
Ans. (a) (c) 469 (d) 484 (a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 8
Ans. (a) Ans. (b)
Since, there are m-men and 2-women
and each participant plays two games Given, X has 7 friends, 4 of them are Given, Tn = nC 3
with every other participant. ladies and 3 are men while Y has 7
Tn + 1 = n + 1C 3
∴Number of games played by the men friends, 3 of them are ladies and 4 are n+1
men. ∴ Tn + 1 − Tn = C 3 − nC 3 = 10 [given]
between themselves = 2 × m C 2
∴Total number of required ways ⇒ n
C 2 + C 3 − nC 3 = 10
n
and the number of games played
between the men and the women = 3C 3 × 4C 0 × 4C 0 × 3C 3 ⇒ n
C 2 = 10
= 2 × m C 1 × 2C 1 ∴ n= 5
+ 3C 2 × 4C 1 × 4C 1 × 3C 2
Now, according to the question,
+ 3C 1 × 4C 2 × 4C 2 × 3C 1 61 Statement I The number of ways of
2 m C 2 = 2 m C 1 2 C 1 + 84
m! + 3C 0 × 4C 3 × 4C 3 × 3C 0 distributing 10 identical balls in 4
⇒ = m × 2 + 42
2!(m − 2) ! = 1 + 144 + 324 + 16 = 485 distinct boxes such that no box is
⇒ m(m − 1) = 4m + 84 empty, is 9 C3 .
⇒ m2 − m = 4m + 84 58 Let A and B be two sets containing Statement II The number of ways
⇒ m2 − 5m − 84 = 0 four and two elements respectively. of choosing any 3 places from 9
⇒ m2 − 12m + 7 m − 84 = 0 Then, the number of subsets of the
⇒ m(m − 12) + 7 (m − 12) = 0 different places is 9 C3 .
set A × B, each having atleast three (a) Statement I is true, Statement II is
⇒ m = 12 [Qm> 0] elements are [JEE Main 2015] true; Statement II is not a correct
56 From 6 different novels and 3 (a) 219 (b) 256 (c) 275 (d) 510 explanation of Statement I
different dictionaries, 4 novels and Ans. (a) (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
false
1 dictionary are to be selected and Given, n (A) = 4, n (B) = 2 ⇒n(A × B) = 8
(c) Statement I is false, Statement II is
arranged in a row on a shelf, so Total number of subsets of set true
that the dictionary is always in the (A × B) = 28
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
middle. [JEE Main 2018] Number of subsets of set A × B having no true; Statement II is a correct
element (i.e. φ) = 1 explanation of Statement I
The number of such
Number of subsets of set A × B having [AIEEE 2011]
arrangements is one element = 8C 1
(a) atleast 1000 Number of subsets of set A × B having Ans. (a)
(b) less than 500 two elements = 8C 2 Let the number of ways of distributing n
(c) atleast 500 but less than 750 ∴Number of subsets having atleast three identical objects among r persons such
(d) atleast 750 but less than 1000 elements that each person gets atleast one object
= 28 − (1 + 8C 1 + 8C 2 ) is same as the number of ways of
Ans. (a) selecting (r − 1) places out of (n − 1)
= 28 − 1 − 8 − 28 = 28 − 37
Given 6 different novels and 3 different = 256 − 37 = 219 different places, i.e., n − 1 C r − 1 .
Statement I Here, n = 10 and r = 4
dictionaries.
Permutations and Combinations 97
∴Required number of ways = 10 − 1C 4 − 1 = 9 C 3 (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is 67 At an election, a voter may vote for
Statement II Required number of ways true; Statement II is a correct any number of candidates not
= 9C 3 explanation of Statement I
greater than the number to be
Hence, both the statements are true but (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
Statement II is not a correct explanation true; Statement II is not a correct
electe(d) There are 10 candidates
of Statement I. explanation of Statement I and 4 are to be electe(d) If a voter
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is votes for atleast one candidate,
62 There are 10 points in a plane, out false then the number of ways in which
of these 6 are collinear. If N is the he can vote, is [AIEEE 2006]
Ans. (a)
number of triangles formed by joining (a) 6210
these points, then [AIEEE 2011] Since, the number of ways that child can
buy the six ice-creams is equal to the (b) 385
(a) N > 190 (b) N ≤ 100 number of different ways of arranging (c) 1110
(c) 100 < N ≤ 140 (d) 140 < N ≤ 190 6 A’s and 4 B’s in a row. (d) 5040
Ans. (b) So, number of ways to arrange 6 A’s and Ans. (b)
10 ! 10
If out of n points, m are collinear, then 4 B’s in a row = = C4 Total number of ways
Number of triangles = nC 3 − m C 3 6! 4!
= 10C 1 + 10C 2 + 10C 3 + 10C 4
∴ Number of triangles And number of integral solutions of the
= 10 + 45 + 120 + 210 = 385
equation
= 10C 3 − 6C 3 = 120 − 20
⇒ N = 100 x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 = 6 = 6 + 5 − 1C 5 − 1 68 The number of ways of distributing
= 10C 4 ≠ 10C 5 8 identical balls in 3 distinct boxes,
63 From 6 different novels and 3 Hence, Statement I is false and so that none of the boxes is empty,
different dictionaries, 4 novels and Statement II is true. is [AIEEE 2004]
1 dictionary are to be selected and (a) 5 (b) 21
arranged in a row on the shelf so 65 How many different words can be
formed by jumbling the letters in (c) 38 (d) 8 C 3
that the dictionary is always in the Ans. (b)
middle. Then, the number of such the word ‘MISSISSIPPI’ in which no
8− 1
two S are adjacent? [AIEEE 2008] The required number of ways = C3 − 1
arrangements is [AIEEE 2009]
(a) 7 ⋅ C 4 ⋅ C 4
6 8
(b) 8 ⋅ C 4 ⋅ C 4
6 7 7 ! 7 ⋅6
(a) atleast 500 but less than 750 = 7C 2 = = = 21
(c) 6 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 8C 4 (d) 6 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 7C 4 2! 5! 2⋅ 1
(b) atleast 750 but less than 1000
(c) atleast 1000 Ans. (a) 69 A student is to answer 10 out of
(d) less than 500 Given word is MISSISSIPPI. 13 questions in an examination
Ans. (c) Here, I = 4 times, S = 4 times, such that he must choose atleast 4
The number of ways in which 4 novels P = 2 times M = 1 time from the first five questions. The
can be selected = 6C 4 = 15 _ M_ I_ I_ I_ I_ P_ P_ number of choices available to him
The number of ways in which 1 dictionary ∴ Required number of words is [AIEEE 2003]
can be selected = 3C 1 = 3 7! (a) 140 (b) 196
= 8C 4 ×
Now, we have 5 places in which middle 4! 2! (c) 280 (d) 346
place is fixe(d) 7 × 6!
= 8C 4 × Ans. (b)
∴4 novels can be arranged in 4! ways.
4! 2! The number of choices available to him
∴The total number of ways = 15 × 4! × 3
= 15 × 24 × 3 = 7 ⋅ 8C 4 ⋅ 6C 4 = 5 C 4 × 8C 6 + 5 C 5 × 8C 5
= 1080 5! 8! 5! 8!
66 The set S = {1, 2, 3,. . . , 12} is to be = × + ×
4! 1! 6!2! 5!0 ! 5!3!
64 In a shop, there are five types of partitioned into three sets A, B and
8×7 8× 7 ×6
ice-creams available. A child buy C of equal size. =5× + 1×
2 3×2
six ice-creams. Thus, A ∪ B ∪ C = S,
= 5×4× 7 + 8× 7
Statement I The number of A∩B=B∩C= A∩C= φ = 140 + 56 = 196
different ways the child can buy The number of ways to partition S
the six ice-creams is 10 C 5 . is [AIEEE 2007] 70 If n C r denotes the number of
[AIEEE 2008] (a) 12!/3!(4!) 3 (b) 12!/3!(3!) 4 combinations of n things taken r at
Statement II The number of (c) 12!/(4!) 3 (d) 12!/(3!) 4 a time, then the expression
different ways the child can buy Ans. (c)
n
C r + 1 + n C r − 1 + 2 × n C r equal to
the six ice-creams is equal to the Required number of ways [AIEEE 2003]
number of different ways of (a) n+2
Cr
arranging 6 A’s and 4 B’s in a row. = 12 C 4 × 8C 4 × 4C 4 n+2
(b) Cr + 1
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is 12! 8! 12! n+1
= × ×1= (c) Cr
true 8! × 4! 4! × 4! (4!) 3 (d) n+1
Cr + 1
98 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (b) can be constructed using these of triangles having these points
Here, we use n C r − 1 + nC r = n + 1C r …(i) points as vertices, is equal to [2021, from different sides as vertices and
Now, n C r + 1 + nC r − 1 + 2⋅ nC r 17 March Shift-II] β be the number of quadrilaterals
= nC r + 1 + nC r − 1 + nC r + nC r (a) 364 (b) 240 having these points from different
= nC r + 1 + n + 1C r + nC r [using Eq. (i)] (c) 333 (d) 360 sides as vertices. Then, (β − α) is
= n + 1C r + 1 + n + 1C r [using Eq. (i)] Ans. (c) equal to [2021, 16 March Shift-II]
= n + 2C r + 1 [using Eq. (i)] Method (I) (Proper Method) (a) 795 (b) 1173
Whenever we construct a triangle, we (c) 1890 (d) 717
must require three non-collinear points. Ans. (d)
TOPIC 3 A A D
Application of Permutations
and Combination in
Geometry
B C B C
71 Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9}. Then, the ∴Total number of triangles using the Number of triangles that can be formed
number of elements in the set points 3, 5 and 6 which are on the sides from the points on 3 of the sides.
T = {A ⊆ S: A≠ φ and the sum of all AB, BC and CA C1 C1 C1 + 5C1 C1 C1 + 5C1 C1 C1
5 7 6 7 9 6 9
the elements of A is not a multiple = Either taking (one point from AB, BC + C1 C1 C1
6 7 9
of 3} is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II] and CA) or (one point from AB and two
=210 + 315 + 270 + 378
Ans. (80) points from BC)or
(one point from BC and two points from ⇒α = 1173
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9} AB) or Number of quadrilaterals that can be
3n Type numbers 3, 6, 9 (one point from AB and two points from formed by taking one point from each of
3n − 1 Type numbers 2, 5 AC) or the four vertex
C 1 C 1 C 1 C 1 = 5 × 6 × 7 × 9 = 1890
5 7 6 9
3n − 2 Type numbers 1, 4 (one point from AC and two points from
Let N P = Number of Subset of S AB) or ⇒ β = 1890
containing p element which are not (one point from BC and two points from ∴ β − α = 1890 − 1173
divisible by 3. AC) or = 717
For P = 1 (one point from AC and two points from
2
C 1 + 2C 1 = 4 BC) 74 Let n> 2 be an integer. Suppose
For P = 2 ⇒Total number of triangles that there are n Metro stations in a
C 1 C 1 + 3C 1 C 1 + 2 C 2 + 2 C 2 = 14 city located along a circular path.
3 2 2
For P = 3 = (3 C 1 × 5 C 1 × 6C 1 ) + (3 C 1 × 5 C 2 ) Each pair of stations is connected
3
C 1 (2 C 2 + 2 C 2 ) + 3C 2 (2 C 1 + 2 C 1 ) + 2 C 2 C 1
2
+( 5 C 1 × 3C 2 ) by a straight track only. Further,
+ C 1 C 2 = 22
2 2
+ ( C 1 × C 2 ) + ( C 1 × C 2 ) + ( C 1 × 6C 2 )
3 6 6 3 5
each pair of nearest stations is
For P = 4 + (6 C 1 × 5 C 2 ) connected by blue line,whereas all
= 90 + 30 + 15 + 45 + 18 + 75 + 60 remaining pairs of stations are
3
C 1 [2 C 2 C 1 + 2 C 1 C 2 ] + 3C 2 (2 C 2 + 2 C 2 )
2 2
= 333 [using n C r =
n! connected by red line. If the number
+ 3C 3 (2 C 1 + 2 C 1 ) = 22 r !(n − r) ! of red lines in 99 times the number
For P = 5 and n! = 1 × 2 × 3 × … × n] of blue lines, then the value of n is
Method (II) (Direct Method) [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
3
C 2 (2 C 2 C 1 + 2 C 1 C 2 ) + 3C 3 (2 C 2 + 2 C 2 ) = 14
2 2
Total number of points = 3 + 5 + 6 = 14 (a) 201 (b) 200
Then, when we construct a triangle, we (c) 101 (d) 199
For P = 6 must select 3 points out of 14 but these Ans. (a)
C 3 (2 C 2 C 1 + 2 C 1 C 2 ) = 4
2 2
3 points never be collinear. According to the given question,
Total Subsets ∴Total number of triangles formed Number of blue lines = n
= 4 + 14 + 22 + 22 + 14 + 4 = 80 = 14C 3 − 3C 3 − 5 C 3 − 6C 3 = 333 and number of red lines = nC 2 − n
Q n
C 2 − n = 99n
72 If the sides AB, BC and CA of a 73 Consider a rectangle ABCD having n (n − 1)
5, 7, 6, 9 points in the interior of the ⇒ = 100 n
triangle ∆ABC have 3, 5 and 6 2
interior points respectively, then line segments AB, CD, BC, DA,
⇒ n − 1 = 200 ⇒ n = 201
the total number of triangles that respectively. Let α be the number
Hence, option (a) is correct.
Mathematical Induction 99
05
Mathematical
Induction
01 Consider the statement : ‘‘P (n) : n2 − n + 41 is prime.’’ ∴ k 7 − k = 7 λ, for some λ ∈N …(i)
For n = K + 1,
Then, which one of the following is true?
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
P (k + 1) = (k + 1) 7 − (k + 1)
(a) Both P(3) and P(5) are true. = (7 C 0 k 7 + 7C 1 k 6 + 7C 2 k 5 + K + 7 C 6 ⋅ k + 7C 7 ) − (k + 1)
(b) P(3) is false but P(5) is true. = (k 7 − k) + 7 { k 6 + 3k 5 + K + k }
(c) Both P(3) and P(5) are false. = 7 λ + 7 { k 6 + 3k 5 + K + k } [using Eq.(i)]
(d) P(5) is false but P(3) is true. ⇒ Divisible by 7.
Ans. (a) So, both statements are true and Statement II is correct
explanation of Statement I.
Given statement is “P (n) : n2 − n + 41 is prime”.
Clearly P(3) : 32 − 3 + 41 = 9 − 3 + 41 03 Statement I For every natural number n≥ 2,
= 47 which is a prime number. 1 1 1
and P(5) : 52 − 5 + 41 = 25 − 5 + 41 = 61, + +... + > n
1 2 n
which is also a prime number.
∴ Both P(3) and P(5) are true. Statement II For every natural number n≥ 2,
n(n + 1) < n + 1. [AIEEE 2008]
02 Statement I For each natural number n, (n + 1) 7 − n 7 − 1 (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is true
is dizvisible by 7. (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is a
Statement II For each natural number n, n 7 − n is correct explanation of Statement I
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is not a
divisible by 7. [AIEEE 2011]
correct explanation of Statement I
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is true (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is correct
Ans. (c)
explanation of Statement I
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is not a 1 1 1
Let P (n) = + + K+
correct explanation of Statement I 1 2 n
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false 1 1
∴ P(2) = + = 1.707 > 2
Ans. (b) 1 2
Let P (n) = (n) − n
7
Let us assume that
By mathematical induction,
1 1 1
For n = 1, P (k) = + + K+ > k is true. …(i)
1 2 k
P(1) = 0, which is divisible by 7.
Now, for n = k + 1,
For n = k,
1 1 1 1
P (k) = k 7 − k LHS = + + K+ +
1 2 k k+ 1
Let P (k) be divisible by 7.
100 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
1 k (k + 1) + 1 05 Let S (k ) = 1 + 3 + 5 + . . . + (2 k − 1) = 3 + k 2 . Then, which of
> k+ =
k+ 1 (k + 1) [from Eq. (i)] the following is true? [AIEEE 2004]
k+ 1 (a) S (1) is correct (b) S (k) ⇒ S (k + 1)
> [Q k (k + 1) > k, ∀ k ≥ 0]
k+ 1 (c) S (k) ⇒/ S (k + 1)
= (k + 1) (d) Principle of mathematical induction can be used to prove the
formula
∴ P (k + 1) > (k + 1)
Ans. (b)
By mathematical induction, statement I is true for all n≥ 2. S (k) = 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2 k − 1) = 3 + k 2
Now, let α(n) = n(n + 1) Put k = 1 in both sides, we get
∴ α (2) = 2 (2 + 1) LHS = 1 and RHS = 3 + 1 = 4
⇒ LHS ≠ RHS
= 6<3
Put (k + 1) in both sides in the place of k, we get
Let us assume that
LHS = 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2 k − 1) + (2 k + 1)
α (k) = k (k + 1) < (k + 1) is true. RHS = 3 + (k + 1) 2 = 3 + k 2 + 2 k + 1
For n = k + 1, Let LHS = RHS
LHS = (k + 1) (k + 2) < (k + 2) [Q(k + 1) < (k + 2)] 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2 k − 1) + (2 k + 1) = 3 + k 2 + 2 k + 1
⇒ 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2 k − 1) = 3 + k 2
∴ α (k + 1) < (k + 2)
If S (k) is true, then S (k + 1) is also true.
By mathematical induction, Statement II is true but Statement II
is not a correct explanation of Statement I. Hence, S (k) ⇒S (k + 1)
Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications 101
06
Binomial Theorem and
its Simple Applications
TOPIC 1 (1 + 9) 22 = 1 + 22 C 1 9 + 22 C 2 ⋅92 + ....+ 22 C 22 622 Now, according to the question,
General Term, Independent = (1 + 9µ ) 11
C 6b − 5 = 11C 5 b − 6
∴ = 3(1 + 6λ) + 2(1 + 9µ ) –44 ∴ b=1
Term, Middle Term and
= 18λ + 3 + 18µ + 2 − 44
Greatest Term of = 18δ − 39 = 18 α + 15
04 A possible value of ‘x’, for which
Binomial Theorem 3 × 7 22 + 2 × 10 22 − 44, when divided by 18
the ninth term in the expansion of
10
log 25 + 7 + 1)
− 1 log ( 5 x −1
36
leaves remainder 15. x −1
8
3
01 If 4 k is the term, independent 11 3
3
+3
03 If the coefficients of x 7 in x 2 +
1
4
bx
of x, in the binomial expansion of 11 is equal to 180, is
and x −7 in x − 2 , b ≠ 0, are
12 1 [2021, 27 July Shift-II]
x 12
− , then k is equal to bx (a) 0 (b) −1 (c) 2 (d) 1
4 x2
equal, then the value of b is equal to Ans. (d)
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
[2021, 27 July Shift-I] We have,
Ans. (55) (a) 2 (b) − 1 10
log 3
1
12 − .log 3 ( 5 x − 1 + 1 )
25 x − 1 + 7
x − 12 (c) 1 (d) −2 3 +3 8
4 x2 Ans. (c)
12 − r r 10
C r 12 −1
x 11
= (− 1 ) r Coefficient of x 7 in x 2 +
Tr +1
12
2 1 = 25x − 1 + 7 + (5x − 1 + 1) 8
4 x bx
12
C . 12 r
11 − r
= (−1) r 12r − r x (12 − r − 2 r )
General term = 11C r (x 2 ) r
1 Ninth term in the expansion is 180.
4 bx 8
10 − 8 x−1 −1
Term independent of r = 11C r x 3 r − 11 b r − 11 So, 10 C 8 ( 25x − 1 + 7) (5 + 1) 8
12 − 3r = 0 ⇒ 3r − 11 = 7 ⇒ r = 6
⇒ r =4 ∴Coefficient of x 7 = 11C 6b − 5 = 180
12 C 4 .124 36
{Q(r + 1)th term or expansion (x + a) n ,
11
T5 = (− 1) 4 = 4k Now, coefficient of x − 7 in x − 2
1
4 4
8
bx Tr + 1 = nC r x n − r a r }
x−1 x−1
k = 55 −1
11 − r ⇒ C 8 (25
10
+ 7) (5 + 1) −1 = 180
General term = 11C r x r 2 ⇒ 45(25 x−1
+ 7) (5 x−1
+ 1 ) −1 = 180
bx
02 3 × 7 22 + 2 × 1022 − 44 when divided x− 1
25 + 7
−1
11 − r
⇒ =4
= 11C r
1
by 18 leaves the remainder xr ⋅ 5x − 1 + 1
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
b x 22 − 2 r Let 5 x−1
=t
11 − r
−1 t2 + 7
Ans. (15) = 11C r x 3 r − 22 ⇒ =4
b t+1
3×7 22
+ 2 × 10 − 44
22
= 3 × (6 + 1) 22 + 2 × (9 + 1) 22 − 44 ⇒ 3r − 22 = − 7 ⇒ t 2 + 7 = 4t + 4
Now, ⇒ r=5 ⇒ t 2 − 4t + 3 = 0
6
(1 + 6) 22 = 1 + 22 C 1 6 + 22 C 2 ⋅62 + ....+ 22 C 22 622 −1
Coefficient = C 5 = 11C 5 b − 6
11 ⇒ (t − 3) (t − 1) = 0
= (1 + 6λ) b ⇒ t = 3 or t = 1
102 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
When t = 3 1 1 1 1 1
12
41
0
+ + +K+ If r = 12, then T13 = 12 C 12 2 3 3 = 16
5 x− 1
=3 a − b a − 2b a − 3b a − nb
5x = 15
= αn + βn2 + γn3 , then the value of So, T1 + T13 = 27 + 16 = 43
x = log 5 15
γ is [2021, 25 July Shift-I]
When,t = 1 09 If the greatest value of the term
a2 + b a+b
5x − 1 = 1 [t = 5x − 1 ] (a) (b) independent of x in the expansion
3a 3 3a 2
⇒ x − 1=0 cosα
10
of x sinα + a
b2 a + b2 10!
⇒ x=1 is , then
(c) 3
3a
(d)
3a 3
x (5!) 2
05 The term independent of x in the Ans. (c) the value of a is equal to
expansion of −n [2021, 25 July Shift-II]
b
x +1 x −1
10 (a − b) − n = a − n 1 − (a) −1 (b) 1 (c) −2 (d) 2
a
x 23 − x 1/3 + 1 − x − x 1/2 , where
Ans. (d)
b n(n + 1) b
−n 2
b cos α
10
1 − = 1 + n + In the expansion of x sin α + a
x ≠ 0, 1 is equal to …… . a a 2 a
x
[2021, 2 July Shift I]
a cos α
r
As, we can ignore the powers greater
Ans. (210) than or equal to 3. Tr +1 = 10C r (x sinα) 10 − r
−n
x
10
x+1 x −1 b
a−n 1 − = 10C r (x) 10 − 2 r (sinα)10 − r (a cos α)r
2 / 3 −
1/2 a
x − x + 1 x − x
1/3
Tr + 1 is independent of x, when 10 − 2r = 0
1 n.b n(n + 1) b 2
10 = n + n +1 + ⋅ n+2 ∴ r=5
x1/2 + 1 a a 2 a
= x1/3 + 1 − T6 = 10C 5 (sin α)5 (a 5 ) (cosα)5
x1/2 (a − b) − n 1
10 1 n.b n(n + 1) b 2 = 10C 5 a 5 ⋅ 5 (sin 2α)5
= x 1 / 3 − 1 / 2 = n + n +1 + ⋅ n+2
1 2
x a a 2 a
For greatest value, sin2α = 1
General term, When n = 1 1
1 b b2 = 10C 5 (a) 5 ⋅ 5
−1 (a − b) −1 =
r
1 / 3 10 − r + + b → rb 2
⇒ Tr +1 = C r (x )
10
1/2 a a2 a3
x 10 !
1 Given, that the greatest value is .
b 2 b
n 2
(5!) 2
∑ (a − rb) = ∑ a + r a 2 + r a 3
−1
For independent term,
10 − r r r=b a5 10 !
− =0 So, 10 C 5 5 =
3 2 2 (5!) 2
⇒ r =4 n n(n + 1)b n(n + 1) (2n + 1)b 2 10 ! a 5
S= + + ⇒ ⋅ =
10 !
∴ T5 = 10C 4 = 210 a 2a 2 6a 3 (5!) 2 25 (5!) 2
2
2b b2 ⇒ a =2
06 The ratio of the coefficient of the Coefficient of n3 = 3 = 3
6a 3a
middle term in the expansion of 10 The lowest integer which is greater
(1 + x) 20 and the sum of the 08 The sum of all those terms which 10 100
than 1 + 100
1
coefficients of two middle terms in are rational numbers in the is
10
expansion of (1 + x) 19 is …… . expansion of (2 1/3 + 3 1/ 4 ) 12 is [2021, 25 July Shift-II]
[2021, 25 July Shift-I] [2021, 25 July Shift-II] (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1
Ans. (1) (a) 89 (b) 27 (c) 35 (d) 43 Ans. (a)
Coefficient of middle term of (1 + x) 20 Ans. (d) 10 100
Let P = 1 + 100
1
is 20 C 10 . 1
12
10
1
Coefficient of middle term of (1 + x) 19 is In the given expansion of 2 3 + 3 4
x
Let x = 10 100 ⇒P = 1 +
19
C9 and 19C 10 1
According to the question General term ⇒Tr + 1 = C r (2 ) (31 / 4 ) 12 − r
12 1/3 r x
r 2
20
C 10 20 C 10 1 P = xC 0 + xC 1 + xC 1 + xC 2
1 1
19 2 3 will be a rational number when
C + 19 C = 20 C = 1 x x
9 10 10 3
+ xC 3 + ...up to (10 100 + 1) term
12 − r 1
1
07 If b is very small as compared r = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 3 4 will be x
x (x − 1) 1
⇒ P = 1 + x +
to the value of a, so that the 1
⋅ 2
cube and other higher powers rational number when r = 0, 4, 8, 12 x 2! x
b ⇒ r = 0, 12 x (x − 1) (x − 2) 1
of can be neglected in the + ⋅ 3
a If r = 0, then 3! x
+ Kupto (10 100 + 1) terms
0 12
identity 1 41
T1 = C 0 2 3
12
3 = 27
Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications 103
⇒ k = 5 and r = 2 For this term to be rational, r should be a
1
P = 1 + 1 + −
1 1
+ + K + ... C k 210 − k = 180 multiple of 2 and 6 i.e. r should be a
10
2
2 ! 2 ! x 3 ! At, r = 8 only this is satisfied. multiple of 6.
⇒ P = 2+ r = {0, 6, 12, 18, ..., 120}
1 1 1 13 The number of elements in the set Number of terms = 21
Positive value less than + + + K
2! 3! 4! {n∈ {1, 2, 3, ....,100} :
1 1 1 (11) n > (10) n + (9) n } is ……… . 16 For the natural numbers m, n, if
Now, e= 1+ + + + K
1! 2! 3! [2021, 22 July Shift-II] (1 − y) m (1 + y) n
⇒
1 1
+ + K= e −2 Ans. (96) = 1 + a 1 y + a 2 y 2 + ...... + a m + n y m + n
2! 3! 11n > 10 n + 9n and
⇒ P = 2 + [Positive value less than ⇒ 11n − 9n > 10 n a 1 = a 2 = 10, then the value of
(e − 2)] (m + n) is equal to
⇒ (10 + 1) n − (10 −1) n > 10 n [2021, 20 July
⇒ P ∈(2, 3) { n C 0 10 n + nC 1 10 n − 1 + nC 2 10 n − 2 + ....} Shift-II]
So, lowest integer which is greater than P (a) 88 (b) 64 (c) 100 (d) 80
is 3.
− { n C 0 10 n − n C 1 10 n − 1 } Ans. (d)
11 If the co-efficient of x 7 and x 8 in ⇒2(n C 1 10 n − 1 + nC 3 10 n − 3 ) > 10 n Given, (1 − y) m ( 1 + y) n = 1 + a 1 y + a 2 y 2
n
For, n = 1 ⇒2.1 >/ 10 + K + am + ny m + n
the expansion of 2 + are
x
3 For, n = 2 ⇒2(2) >/ 100 Now,
For, n = 3 ⇒2(3⋅ 10 2 + 1) >/ 1000 (1 − y) m (1 + y) n = (1 − my + m C 2 y 2 + K +
equal, then the value of n is equal (− 1) m ⋅ m C m y m )
to ……… . For, n = 5 ⇒
[2021, 25 July Shift-II]
2(5 C 1 10 n + 5 C 3 10 2 + 5 C 5 ) >/ 10 5 × (1 + ny + nC 2 y 2 + .. + nC n y n )
Ans. (55) On expanding,
Hence, n∈{5, 6, 7, ……100}
The coefficient of x 7 in the expansion of ∴Number of elements = 96 (1 − y) m (1 + y) n = 1 + (n − m) y
7
2 + x = nC 2n − 7 1 + (n C 2 − mn + m C 2 ) y 2 + K
3
7
37 14 The coefficient of x 256 in the ∴ Coefficient of y = n − m
and the coefficient of x 8 = nC 8 2n − 8 8
1 expansion of (1 − x) 101 (x 2 + x + 1) 100 Coefficient of y 2 = nC 2 − mn + m C 2
3 is [2021, 20 July Shift-I] Given expression have
According to the question, (a) 100 C16 (b) 100 C15 (c) − 100 C16 (d) − 100 C15 Coefficient of y = a 1 = 10
1 1
n
C 7 2n − 7 ⋅ 7 = nC 8 2n − 8 8 Ans. (b) Coefficient of y 2 = a 2 = 10
3 3
(1 − x) 101 (x 2 + x + 1) 100 ∴ n − m = 10 ...(i)
⇒
n! 1 n! 1 Coefficient of x 256 and n C 2 + m C 2 − mn = 10 ...(ii)
⋅ 2 ⋅ 2n − 8 7 = 2n − 8 × 8 = [(1 − x) ( 1 + x + x 2 )] 100 (1 − x) = From Eq. (ii),
7 !(n − 7) ! 3 8!(n − 8) ! 3
(1 − x 3 ) 100 (1 − x) n! m!
⇒
1
×2=
1
×
1
⇒(100 C 0 − 100C 1 x 3 + 100C 2 x 6 − 100C 3 x 9 K) + − mn = 10
7 !(n − 7) (n − 8) ! 8.7!( n − 8) ! 3 2!(n − 2) ! 2!(m − 2) !
(1 − x)
n(n − 1) m(m − 1)
+ − mn = 10
2 1
∑ (− 1) C r x (1 − x)
r 100 3r
⇒ = 2 2
n − 7 24 256
⇒ 3r = 256 or 255 ⇒ r = (Reject) ⇒ n(n − 1) + m(m − 1) − 2mn = 20
⇒ n− 7 = 48 ⇒n = 55 3
⇒ n2 − n + m2 − m − 2mn = 20
r = 85
12 If the constant term, in Binomial ⇒ (m2 + n2 − 2mn) − (m + n) = 20
10 Coefficient = 100C 85 = 100C 15
expansion of 2x r + 2 is 180,
1 ⇒ (m − n) 2 − (m + n) = 20
x 15 The number of rational terms in ⇒ (− 10) − (m + n) = 20 [using Eq. (i)]
2
then r is equal to ……… . the binomial expansion of ⇒ 100 − (m + n) = 20
[2021, 22 July Shift-II] (4 1/ 4 + 5 1/ 6 ) 120 is …… . ⇒ m + n = 100 − 20 = 80
[2021, 20 July Shift-I]
Ans. (8)
10 Ans. (21) 17 The term independent of x in the
2x r + 1 expansion of
1 1
120
x2
10
44 + 5 6
x +1 x −1
General term = 10C k (2x r ) 10 − k x −2 k , 2 /3 − , x ≠ 1, is
x − x + 1 x − x
1 /3 1 /2
10
C k (210 − k )(x 10 r − rk − 2 k ) 1
r
1
120 − r
10 r − rk − 2k = 0 General term = 120 C r 4 4 56 equal to …………. .
10 r 2k
⇒ k= ⇒r= [2021, 18 March Shift-II]
r+2 10 − k
r r
20 −
= 120
Cr 4 5
4 6 Ans. (210)
20 10
⇒ r = −2 + ⇒ k < 10 r
20 −
r x+1 x−1
10 − k = 120 2
Cr 2 5 6
2 /3 −
x − x 1/3
+ 1 x − x1/2
If k = 8 and r = − 2 + 10 = 8
104 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
T4 = 7C 4 (x ) x 3 = 35x
10 log 2 x 4 4 log 2 x
(x 1 / 3 ) 3 + (1) 3 x3 3 3
( x − 1) ( x + 1) = =
= 2 /3 − a (n − 2) 2
x ( x − 1) T4 = 4480
x − x + 1
1/3
10 ⇒ a (n − 2) = 2 …(i)
x + 1 3 + 4 log 2 x
= (x 1 / 3 + 1) − 35x = 4480 coefficient of T4
n
C ⋅a 2
x Also, = n 3 3
x
3 + 4 log 2 x
= 128 = 27 coefficient ofT5 C 3 ⋅a
[use (a 3 + b 3 ) = (a + b) (a 2 − ab + b 2 )] 4 8
Taking log on both sides, = =
= (x 1 / 3 − x −1 / 2 ) 10 3 + 4 log 2 x a (n − 3) 3
log 2 x + 4log 2 x = log 2 27
General term,Tr + 1 = 10C r (x 1 / 3 ) 10 − r (− x 1 / 2 ) r 3
10 − r
−
r ⇒ (3 + 4log 2 x) (log 2 x) = 7 ⇒ a (n − 3) = … (ii)
= 10C r (x) 3
. (− x) 2 2
⇒ 4(log 2 x) 2 + 3log 2 x − 7 = 0
From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
For term independent of x, we must put ⇒ (log 2 x − 1) (4log 2 x + 7) = 0
1
10 − r r ⇒ log 2 x = 1 (Qx ∈N ) n = 6, a =
− =0 2
3 2 ∴ x =2
For the term independent of ‘x’
⇒ 20 − 2r − 3r = 0
20 If (2021) 3762 is divided by 17, then the n − 3r = 0
⇒ r =4 n
∴ remainder is ……… . ⇒ r=
10 ! 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6! [2021, 17 March Shift-I] 3
T4 + 1 = T5 = 10C 4 = = 6
4!6! 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 × 6! Ans. (4) ⇒ r=
3
= 210 (2021) 3762
⇒ r =2
2021 = (17 × 119 − 2) ⇒(17 λ − 2)
18 Let n C r denote the binomial ∴Independent term isT3 .
(2021) 3762 = (17 λ − 2) 3762 = C 0 (17 λ) 3762 2
Now, T3 = 6C 2 ⋅ ⋅ (x) º
1
coefficient of x r in the expansion − C 1 (17 λ)3761 21 + …C n 23762
2
of (1 + x) n . Now, (2021) 3762 will be divisible by 17 all
10 the terms except the last one for last 15
= = 3.75 ~− 4
If ∑ (2
k =0
2
+ 3k ) n C k = α ⋅ 3 10 + β ⋅ 2 10 , one. 4
∴ (2021) 3762 = 17µ − 23762
α, β ∈R, then α + β is equal to = 17µ − 22 (23760 )
22. If n is the number of irrational
………… . terms in the expansion of
[2021, 18 March Shift-II] = 17µ − 4(16) 235
(3 1/ 4 + 5 1/ 8 ) 60 , then (n − 1) is divisible
Ans. (19) = 17µ − 4⋅ (17 − 1) 235
by [2021, 16 Mar Shift-I]
(17 − 1) = (− 1) (1 − 17) 235
10 10 10 235
Σ (22 + 3k) . nC k =4 Σ nC k + 3. Σ k ⋅ nC k (a) 26
k =0 k =0 k =0 = − (C 0 − C 1 17 + C 2 17 2 − …)
10 (b) 30
= 4 × 2n + 3 × n Σ
k =1
n− 1
Ck − 1 = − C 0 + 17 γ = − 1 + 17 γ
(c) 8
17µ − 4(17 − 1) 235 = 17µ − 4[− 1 + 17 γ]
Q nC = n n − 1C (d) 7
= 17 (µ − 4γ) + 4
r r −1
r Ans. (a)
∴ (2021) 3762 = 17 k + 4
= 4 × 2n + 3n × 2n − 1 (31 / 4 + 51 / 8 ) 60
Hence, 4 is the remainder.
3n By using Binomial expansion, (r + 1) th
= 2n 4 +
2 21 Let the coefficients of third, fourth term,
3n and fifth terms in the expansion of Tr+ 1 = 60C r (31 / 4 ) r (51 / 8 ) 60 − r
= 4 + ⋅ 2n + 0 × 3n n 60 − r
2 x + a , x ≠ 0, be in the ratio = 60C r 3r / 4 5
8
3n x2
On comparing, 0 × 3n + 4 + . 2n + 0 For this term to be a rational number, r
2 12 : 8 : 3. Then, the term independent should be a multiple of 4 and (60 − r)
[α ⋅310 + β ⋅210 ], we get of x in the expansion, is equal to should be a multiple of 8.
n = 10,α = 0, β = 19 …………… . [2021, 17 March Shift-II] Let A be a set when r is the multiple of 4.
∴ α + β = 0 + 19 = 19 Ans. (4) A = {4, 8, 12, …, 56, 60 }
n(A) = 15
r
= nC r ⋅ x n − r ⋅ 2
a
19 If the fourth term in the expansion General term,Tr +1
x Let B be a set of r, when (60 − r) is the
of (x + x log x ) 7 is 4480, then the
2
multiple of 8.
= nC r ⋅a r ⋅ x n − 3 r
value of x, where x ∈ N is equal to B = {4, 12, 20, 28, 36, 44, 52, 60 }
[2021, 17 March Shift-I] ∴ T3 = nC 2 ⋅a 2 ⋅ x n − 6
T4 = nC 3a 3 ⋅ x n − 9 n(B) = 8
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 1
T5 = nC 4 ⋅a 4 ⋅ x n − 12 Now, n(A ∩ B) = 8
Ans. (a) So, there are only 8 terms out of 61 terms
coefficient of T3
n
C ⋅a 2
(x + x
log 2 x 7
) Now, = n 2 3 which will be rational numbers.
coefficient ofT4 C 3 ⋅a
T4 = 4480 53 terms will be irrational.
Tr = nC r (x 2 ) r x (n − r )
log x
So, n = 53
Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications 105
10 − r 10 − r − r
and n − 1 = 52 which is divisible only by 26
among the given options. = 10C r (t) 10 − 2 r (x) 5
(1 − x) r / 10 = 10C r α 10 − r β r x 9 6
If this term is independent of ‘t’, then we 20 − 2 r − 3 r
23 Let [x] denote greatest integer less have10 − 2r = 0 gives, r = 5 = 10C r α 10 − r β r x
18
than or equal to x. If for n ∈ N, ∴ T6 = 10C 5 (x) 1 (1 − x) 1 / 2 For the term independent of x,
3n
(1 − x + x 3 ) n = Σ a j x j , then Let f (x) = x (1 − x) 1 / 2 , to obtain its 20 − 2r − 3r = 0 ⇒ r = 4
j=0 maximum value, we have to differentiate
So, the value of the term independent of
3 n 3 n −1 it and equate it to 0.
2 2 x is
x
Σ a 2 j + 4 Σ a 2 j + 1is equal to i.e. f ′ (x) = 0 ⇒ ( − 1) + 1 − x = 0 10
C 4 α 6β 4 = 210 α 6β 4
j=0 j=0 2 1− x
Now, it is given thatα > 0, β > 0, such that
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] ⇒ − x + 2(1 − x) = 0
(a) 2 (b) 2n − 1 (c) 1 (d) n ⇒ − 3x + 2 = 0 α 3 + β 2 = 4, so according to AM-GM in
Ans. (c) ⇒ x = 2 /3 equality we have
3n (Maximum value) α3 + β2
≥ α 3β 2
Given, (1 − x + x 3 ) n = ∑a j × j Thus, greatest term will be 2
j=0 1/2
T6 = 10C 5 1 −
2 2 4
(1 − x + x 3 ) n ⇒ ≥ α 3β 2 ⇒ α 6β 4 ≤ 16
3 3 2
= a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + … + a3nx 3n
2 10 !⋅2 It is given that, the maximum value of
Putting x = 1, = 10C 5 =
3 3 (5!) 2 (3 3) 210 α 6β 4 = 10 k
(1 − 1 + 1) n = a 0 + a 1 + a 2 + … + a 3 n
⇒ 210 × 16 = 10 k ⇒k = 336
1 = a 0 + a 1 + a 2 + … + a 3 n …(i) 25 If the remainder when x is divided n
27 For a positive integer n, 1 + is
Putting x = − 1, 1
by 4 is 3, then the remainder when
(1 + 1 − 1) n = a 0 − a 1 + a 2 − a 3 + … (− 1) 3 n a n (2020 + x) 2022 is divided by 8 is x
1 = a 0 − a 1 + a 2 − a 3 + … (− 1) 3 n a n … (ii) ………… . [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] expanded in increasing powers of
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Ans. (1) x. If three consecutive coefficients
2 = 2(a 0 + a 2 + a 4 + a 6 …) in this expansion are in the ratio, 2 :
Given, when x is divided by 4, the
a0 + a2 + a4 + … = 1 remainder is 3. 5 : 12, then n is equal to ……… .
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get Let x = 4p + 3, then
0 = 2(a 1 + a 3 + a 5 + …) Ans. (118)
(2020 + x) 2022 = (2020 + 4p + 3) 2022
a1 + a3 + a5 + … = 0 = (2024 + 4p − 1) 2022 Let the three consecutive coefficients
n
3n 3n − 1 C r − 1 , nC r and n C r + 1 are in ratio 2 : 5 : 12 in
2 2 = (4k − 1) 2022 n
the expansion of 1 + .
1
Now, ∑a 2j +4 ∑a 2j +1 (Q2024 is divisible by 4) x
j=0 j=0 = 2022 C 0 (4K ) 2022 (−1) 0 + 2022 C 1 (4K ) 2021 ∴ n C r − 1 : nC r : nC r + 1 = 2 : 5 : 12
= [a 0 + a 2 + a 4 + …] + 4 (−1) 1 + .... + 2022 C 2022 (4A) 0 (−1) 2022 n
Cr − 1 2
[a 1 + a 3 + a 5 + …] So, =
On expansion (2020 + x) 2022 , we get the n
Cr 5
=1+ 4×0 form of 8λ + 1. Since, each terms have n!
=1 2022 and4k, so if we take2 common (r − 1) ! (n − r + 1) ! 2
from 2022 we get 8. Thus, each term ⇒ =
n! 5
24 The maximum value of the term have 8 in common.
r !(n − r)
independent of ‘t’ in the expansion Hence, remainder is 1.
r 2
10 ⇒ = ⇒ 2n − 7 r + 2 = 0 …(i)
1/ 5 (1 − x) 1/ 10 26 Let α > 0,β > 0 be such that n− r+ 1 5
of tx + , where
α 3 + β 2 = 4. If the maximum value of
n
t Cr 5
and n
=
x ∈(0, 1) is [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] the term independent of x in the Cr + 1 12
10 ! 2 ⋅10 ! binomial expansion of n!
(a) (b) 10
3 (5 !) 2 3 3 (5 !) 2 91 −
1
⇒
r !(n − r) !
=
5
αx + βx is 10 k, then k is
6
2⋅10 ! 10 ! n! 12
(c) (d) (r + 1) ! (n − r − 1) !
3 (5 !) 2 3 (5 !) 2
equal to [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] r+ 1 5
Ans. (b) ⇒ = ⇒ 5n − 17 r − 12 = 0 ...(ii)
(a) 84 (b) 176 (c) 352 (d) 336 n − r 12
Using Binomial expansion, its (r + 1)th
term be,
Ans. (d) On the elimination of ‘r’ from Eqs. (i) and
r Given binomial is (αx 1 / 9 + βx −1 / 6 ) 10 (ii), we get
(1 − x) 1 / 10
Tr +1 = 10C r (tx 1 / 5 ) 10 − r QThe general term in the expansion of 35n − 119r − 84 = 0
t binomial is 34n − 119r + 34 = 0
10 − r
= 10C r
(t)
(x 1 / 5 ) 10 − r (1 − x) r / 10 Tr + 1 = 10C r (α x 1 / 9 ) 10 − r (βx −1 / 6 ) r − + −
(t) r n − 118 = 0 ⇒ n = 118
106 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Hence, answer is 118.00. Let the three consecutive terms in the The coefficient of x 4 in the expansion of
binomial expansion of (1 + x) n + 5 are (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 ) 6 = coefficient of x 4 in
28 If the number of integral terms in the n+5
C r − 1 , n + 5 C r and n + 5 C r + 1 1–x4
6
expansion of (3 1/2 + 5 1/ 8 ) n is exactly
Now, according to the given information 1–x
33, then the least value of n is n+5
C r − 1 : n + 5 C r : n + 5 C r + 1 = 5 : 10 : 14 = coefficient of x 4 in (1 –6x 4 ) (1 – x) –6
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I] (n + 5) ! (n + 5) !
⇒ : : = coefficient of x 4 in
(a) 264 (b) 128 (c) 256 (d) 248 (r − 1) ! (n − r + 6) ! r !(n − r + 5) !
(1 –6x 4 )[1 + 6C 1 x + 7C 2 x 2 + ....]
Ans. (c) (n + 5) ! 9 × 8 × 7 ×6
= 5 : 10 : 14 = 9 C 4 –6 = –6 = 126 –6 = 120.
Given binomial is (31 / 2 + 51 / 8 ) n having (r + 1) !(n − r + 4) ! 4×3 ×2
n− r
= nC r 3 1 1 1
general termTr +1
2
5r / 8 , where ⇒ : :
(n − r + 6)(n − r + 5) r (n − r + 5) (r + 1) r 33 If {p} denotes the fractional part of
0 ≤ r ≤ n.
r
Now, for integral terms ∈I and
n− r
∈I. = 5 : 10 : 14 3200
the number p, then is equal
8 2 5
⇒ r = 0, 8, 16, 24, ..... So,
r
= 8
n − r + 6 10 to [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
QThere are 33 integral terms, so
⇒ 2r = n − r + 6 ⇒n + 6 = 3r …(i) 5 7 3 1
maximum value of (a) (b) (c) (d)
r+ 1 5
r = 256 and = 8 8 8 8
∴The least value of n is 256. n− r + 5 7
Ans. (d)
Hence, option (c) is correct. ⇒ 7 r + 7 = 5n − 5r + 25
⇒ 5n + 18 = 12r …(ii) Q 3200 = (1 + 8) 100
29 If the term independent of x in the From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have n = 6. = 1 + 100C 1 (8) + 100C 2 (8) 2 + …
9 200
3 1 So, the largest coefficient in the 3 1
∴ = + 100C 1 + 100C 2 (8)
expansion of x 2 − is k, then expansion is same as the greatest 8 8
2 3x
binomial coefficient + 100C 3 (8) 2 + …
18 k is equal to [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II] = 11C 5 or 11 C 6 1
= +n
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11 11! 11 × 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 8
= = = 462
Ans. (b) 5!6! 5 ×4×3 ×2 [where, n is a natural number]
3200 1
9
3 1 ∴ 1
Given binomial is x 2 − , So the 31 The natural number m, for which = + n =
2 3x 8 8 8
the coefficient of x in the binomial
general term, 22
expansion of x m + 2 is 1540, is
9−r 1 34 If the constant term in the binomial
3
r
− 1
= 9C r x 2 x
10
expansion of x − 2 is 405,
Tr +1 k
2 3x
9−r …… . [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I] x
3
r
= 9C r − 1 x 18 − 3 r
Ans. (13.00) then | k | equals
2 3
The general term (i.e. (r + 1)th term) in [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
If the term is independent of x, then 22
the expansion of binomial x m + 2 is
1 (a) 9 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 2
18 − 3r = 0 ⇒ r = 6
∴(r + 1)th term = 7th term is independent x Ans. (c)
of x. Tr + 1 = 22 C r (x m ) 22 − r x −2 r Since, the general term in the expansion
T6 + 1 = k
10
Now, as [given] QThe coefficient 22 C r = 1540 [given] of binomial x − 2 is
k
3
3 6
⇒ r = 3 or 19 x
C 6 − = k
1
⇒ 9
2 3 and 22m − mr − 2r = 1 10 − r
at r = 3, 22m − 3m − 6 = 1 ⇒ 18m = 7 Tr = 10C r x 2
(− k) r x − 2 r
9× 8× 7 1 +1
⇒ × =k 7 10 − 5 r
3×2 27 × 8 ⇒ m = ∉N
16 = 10C r (− k) r x 2
7
⇒ k= ⇒ 18k = 7 Now, at r = 19, 22m − 19m − 38 = 1 QTerm is constant, so r = 2.
18
⇒ 3m = 39 ∴ 10
C 2 (− k) 2 = 405
Hence, option (b) is correct.
⇒ m = 13 ∈N 10 × 9 2
30 If for some positive integer n, the So, the natural value of m = 13 ⇒ k = 405
2
coefficients of three consecutive ⇒ k2 = 9
terms in the binomial expansion of 32 The coefficient of x 4 in the ⇒ |k |=3
(1 + x) n + 5 are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 14, expansion of (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 ) 6 in
then the largest coefficient in this powers of x, is ……… . 35 If sum of the coefficients of all
expansion is
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] even powers of x in the product
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] Ans. (120.00) (1 + x + x 2 +…+ x 2 n )
(a) 330 (b) 462 (c) 792 (d) 252 (1 − x + x 2 − x 3 +…+ x 2 n ) is 61, then
Ans. (b) n is equal to … . [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications 107
Ans. (30) 11 × 10 × 9 × 8 ∴ α − β = − 96 − 36 = − 132
= 11C 7 =
Let (1 + x + x +… + x )(1 − x + x − x
2 2n 2 3 4×3×2 Hence, option (b) is correct.
+ … + x 2 n) = 11 × 10 × 3 = 330
= a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x + … + a 4n x 4n
2 39 In the expansion of
16
37 If a, b and c are the greatest values x + 1 , if l is the least
On putting x = 1, we get of 19 C p 20 C q and 21 C r respectively, cosθ x sinθ 1
(1 + 1 + 1 + … + 1)(1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + … + 1) then value of the term independent of x
(2n + 1) terms (2n + 1) terms π π
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I]
when ≤ θ ≤ and l 2 is the least
= a 0 + a 1 + a 2 + … + a 4n a b c 8 4
(a) = =
⇒ (2n + 1) = a 0 + a 1 + a 2 + … + a 4 n …(i) 10 11 42 value of the term independent of x
Similarly, on putting x = − 1, we get a b c π π
(b) = = when ≤ θ ≤ , then the ratio l 2 : l 1
(1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + … + 1) (1 + 1 + 1 + … + 1) 11 22 21 16 8
(2n + 1) terms (2n + 1)terms a b c
(c) = = is equal to [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
= a 0 − a 1 + a 2 − a 3 + … + a 4n 10 11 21 (a) 1 : 16 (b) 1 : 8 (c) 16 : 1 (d) 8 : 1
a b c
⇒(2n + 1) = a 0 − a 1 + a 2 − a 3 … + a 4 n …(ii) (d) = = Ans. (c)
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
11 22 42
Ans. (d) The general term in the expansion of
2(a 0 + a 2 + a 4 + … + a 4 n ) = 2(2n + 1) 16
x 1
⇒a 0 + a 2 + a 4 + … + a 4 n = 2n + 1 Since a = maximum of C p = C 9 = C 10
19 19 19
+ is
…(i) cosθ x sinθ
⇒Sum of coefficients of all even powers 16 − r r
b = maximum of 20 C q = 20C 10 …(ii) x 1
of x in the product Tr +1 = 16C r
(1 + x + x 2 + … + x 2 n ) and c = maximum of 21 C r = 21C 10 cosθ x sinθ
(1 − x + x 2 − x 3 + … + x 2 n ) = 2n + 1 = 61 = 21C 11 …(iii) 1
16 − r r
1 16 − 2 r
a 19
C 10 19! 10 ! 10 1 = 16C r x
(given) Then, = = = = cosθ sinθ
⇒ 2n = 60 ⇒ n = 30 b 20 C 10 9!20 ! 20 2
a b If the term is independent of ‘x’, then
7
⇒ = 16 − 2r = 0 ⇒ r = 8
36 The coefficient of x in the 1 2 20 !
expression b 20 C 10 10 ! 10 ! 11 So, the term independent of x is
and = 21 = = 1 28 1 6C
(1 + x) 10 + x (1 + x) 9 + x 2 (1 + x) 8 + ... + x 10 c C 11 21! 21 T9 = 16C 8 = 8 8
is [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II] b c 11! 10 ! (sinθ cosθ) 8
sin (2 θ)
⇒ = π π
(a) 420 (b) 330 11 21 Now, the least value ofT9 , when ≤ θ ≤
a b c is 8 4
(c) 210 (d) 120 ∴ = =
Ans. (b) 11 22 42
I1 =
28 16C 8 at θ = π
= 28 (16 C 8 )
Hence, option (d) is correct. (1) 8
4
Given expression
π π
(1 + x) 10 + x (1 + x) 9 + x 2 (1 + x) 8 + … + x 10 and the least value ofT9 , when ≤ θ ≤
38 If α and β be the coefficients of x 4 16 8
The above expression is geometric
series having first term,a = (1 + x) 10 and x 2 respectively in the is
x expansion of 28 16C 8 π
common ratio, r = and number of I2 = = 212 (16 C 8 ) at θ =
1+ x 1
8
8
terms, n = 11
(x + x 2 − 1) 6 + (x − x 2 − 1) 6 , then
a (1 − r n ) 2
QSum of geometric series = (a) α + β = − 30
1− r ∴ I 2 :I 1 = 16 : 1
(b) α − β = − 132
x 11 (c) α + β = 60 Hence, option (c) is correct .
(1 + x) 10 1 −
1+ x (d) α − β = 60 [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
=
40 The positive value of λ for which
Ans. (b)
1−
x the coefficient of x 2 in the
1+ x Given expression is λ
10
expression x 2 x + 2 is 720, is
(1 + x) 11 − x 11 (x + x 2 − 1) 6 + (x − x 2 − 1) 6 x
(1 + x) 10
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II]
(1 + x)
11
= = 2 [6 C 0 x 6 + 6C 2 x 4 (x 2 − 1) + 6C 4 x 2 (x 2 − 1) 2
1+ x − x (a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 2 2 (d) 4
+ 6C 6 (x 2 − 1) 3 ]
1+ x The coefficients of x in above4 Ans. (d)
= (1 + x) 11 − x 11 expansion The general term in the expansion of
The coefficient of x 7 in the given α = 2 [6 C 2 (−1) + 6C 4 C 1 (−1) + 6C 6 C 1 (−1)]
2 3 binomial expression (a + b) n is
expression Tr + 1 = n C r a n − r b r ,
= 2 [−15 − (15 × 2) − (1 × 3)] = −96 so the general term in the expansion of
= coefficient of x 7 in the expansion of and the coefficient of x 2 in the 10
λ
[(1 + x) 11 − x 11 ] expansion binomial expression x 2 x + 2 is
x
= coefficient of x in the expansion of
7
β = 2 [6 C 4 C 0 + 6C 6 C 2 ] = 2 [15 + 3] = 36
4 3
(1 + x) 11
108 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
λ
r
= 2 [1 − 15 + 15 + 15 − 1 − 3] 3 1
Tr + 1 = x 2 10 C r ( x ) 10 − r 2
+
2 ( 1 + log 10 x )
⇒ = 10
4
x x
= 2(15 − 3) = 24
3 1
⇒ + log 10 x = 1
42 If 20 C 1 + (22 ) 20 C2 + (32 ) 20 C3 + .....
10 − r
−2 r
2(1 + log 10 x) 4
= Cr x ⋅ x
10 2 2
λ x r
+ (202 ) 20 C20 = A(2 β ) , then the [applying log 10 both sides]
2 +
10 − r
−2r ordered pair (A, β) is equal to ⇒ [6 + (1 + log 10 x)]log 10 x = 4(1 + log 10 x)
= 10C r λr x 2
[2019, 12 April Shift-II]
⇒ (7 + log 10 x) log 10 x = 4 + 4log 10 x
Now, for the coefficient of x 2 , (a) (420, 19) (b) (420, 18)
10 − r ⇒ t 2 + 7t = 4 + 4t[let log 10 x = t]
put 2+ − 2r = 2 (c) (380, 18) (d) (380, 19)
⇒ t + 3t − 4 = 0
2
2 Ans. (b)
10 − r ⇒ t = 1, −4
⇒ − 2r = 0 We know,
2 = log 10 x ⇒ x = 10, 10 −4
(1 + x) n = nC 0 + nC 1 x + nC 2 x 2 + ... + nC n x n
⇒ 10 − r = 4r Since, x> 1
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we
⇒ r =2 ∴ x = 10
get
So, the coefficient of x 2 is 10 C 2 λ2 = 720 n(1 + x) n − 1 = nC 1 + 2 nC 2 x + ... + n nC n x n − 1 44 If the fourth term in the binomial
[given] 6
On multiplying both sides by x, we get 2 log x
⇒
10 ! 2
λ = 720 expansion of + x (x > 0) is 8
2! 8! n x (1 + x) n − 1 = nC 1 x + 2n C 2 x 2 + ... + nnC n x n x
10 ⋅ 9⋅ 8! 2 Again on differentiating both sides w.r.t. 20 × 8 7 , then the value of x is
⇒ λ = 720
2⋅ 8! x, [2019, 9 April Shift-I]
⇒ 45 λ = 720
2 we get (a) 8−2 (b) 83 (c) 8 (d) 82
⇒ λ2 = 16 n [(1 + x) n− 1
+ (n − 1) x (1 + x) n− 2
] Ans. (d)
⇒ λ = ±4 = C1 + 2 C 2 x + ... + n n− 1 6
Given binomial is + x 8
n 2 n 2 n
C nx 2 log x
Now putting x = 1 in both sides, we get x
41 The sum of the coefficients of all
even degree terms is x in the
n
C 1 + (22 ) nC 2 + (32 ) nC 3 + ... + (n2 ) nC n Since, general term in the expansion of
n− 1 n− 2 (x + a) n is
expansion of = n(2 + (n − 1) 2 )
Tr + 1 = n C r x n − r a r
(x + x − 1 ) + (x − x − 1) , (x > 1)
3 6 3 6 For n = 20, we get 6− 3
∴T4 = T3 + 1 = 6C 3
2 log x
(x 8 ) 3 = 20 × 87
20
C 1 + (22 ) 20C 2 + (32 ) 20
C 3 + ... + (20) 2 20
C 20 (given) x
is equal to [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
= 20 (219 + (19) 218 ) 3
⇒ 20 x 8 = 20 × 87
(a) 29 (b) 32 (c) 26 (d) 24 2 3 log x
= 20 (2 + 19) 218 = 420 (218 ) = A (2B ) [Q 6 C 3 = 20]
Ans. (d) x
(given) [ 3 (log 8 x ) − 3]
Key Idea Use formula : ⇒ 23 x = (23 ) 7
On comparing, we get 3
(a + b) n + (a − b) n (A, B) = (420, 18)
log 2 x − 3
⇒ x 3
= (23 ) 6
= 2 [n C 0 a n + nC 2 a n − 2 b 2 + nC 4a n − 4b 4 + ......]
43 If the fourth term in the binomial Qlog (x) = 1 log x for x > 0; a > 0, ≠ 1
Given expression is
an a
6 n
(x + x 3 − 1) 6 + (x − x 3 − 1) 6
1 1
( log 2 x − 3 )
⇒ = 218
expansion of x 1+ log x + x 12 10 x
= 2 [ C 0 x + C 2 x ( x − 1)
6 6 6 4 3 2
On takinglog 2 x both sides, we get
+ C 4 x ( x − 1) + C 6 ( x − 1) ]
6 2 3 4 6 3 6 (log 2 x − 3) log 2 x = 18
is equal to 200, and x > 1, then the
{Q(a + b) n + (a − b) n value of x is [2019, 8 April Shift-II] ⇒ (log 2 x) 2 − 3log 2 x − 18 = 0
= 2 [ C 0a + C 2 a b + nC 4a n − 4b 4 + …]}
n n n n− 2 2
(a) 100 (b) 104 ⇒(log 2 x) − 6log 2 x + 3log 2 x − 18 = 0
2
= 2 [ C 0 x + C 2 x (x − 1) + C 4 x (x − 1)
6 6 6 4 3 6 2 3 2 (c) 10 (d) 103 ⇒ log 2 x (log 2 x − 6) + 3 (log 2 x − 6) = 0
+ 6C 6 (x 3 − 1) 3 ] Ans. (c) ⇒ (log 2 x − 6) (log 2 x + 3) = 0
The sum of the terms with even power of
6
⇒ log 2 x = −3, 6
x 1 −3 1
Given binomial is 1 + log x 1
12
⇒ x = 2 , 2 ⇒ x = , 82
6
= 2 [6 C 0 x 6 + 6C 2 (− x 4 ) + 6C 4 x 8 + 6C 4 x 2 x
10
+x 8
+ 6C 6 (−1 − 3x 6 )]
Since, the fourth term in the given 45 If some three consecutive
= 2 [ C 0 x − C 2 x + C 4 x + 6C 4 x 2
6 6 6 4 6 8
expansion is 200. coefficients in the binomial
− 1 − 3x 6 ] 3
1
2 1
3
expansion of (x + 1) n in powers of x
Now, the required sum of the ∴ 6
C 3 x 1 + log 10 x x 12 = 200 are in the ratio 2 : 15 : 70, then the
coefficients of even powers of x in
average of these three coefficients
(x + x 3 − 1) 6 + (x − x 3 − 1) 6 is [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
3 1
2 ( 1 + log x ) + 4
= 2 [6 C 0 − 6C 2 + 6 C 4 + 6C 4 − 1 − 3] ⇒ 20 × x 10
= 200 (a) 964 (b) 227
Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications 109
(c) 232 (d) 625 ⇒ 45a − b = 945 …(i) Now, for x 18 , 3r = 18 ⇒ r = 6
Similarly, the coefficient of x 3 , in the 16
and for x 16 , 3r = 16 ⇒ r = ∉N .
Ans. (c) expansion of (1 + ax + bx 2 )(1 − 3x) 15 is 3
15
C 3 (−3) 3 + a 15 C 2 (−3) 2 + b 15 C 1 (−3) 1 = 0 9!
Key Idea Use general term of Binomial ∴ Required coefficient is 9 C 6 =
6!3!
expansion (x + a) n i.e.Tr + 1 = nC r 1 x n − r a r (given)
9× 8× 7
⇒ − 12285 + 945a − 45b = 0 = = 84
Given binomial is (x + 1) , whose general
n
3×2
term, isTr + 1 = nC r x r ⇒ 63a − 3b = 819
⇒ 21a − b = 273 …(ii) 49 The term independent of x in the
According to the question, we have
n
C r − 1 : nC r : nC r + 1 = 2 : 15 : 70 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get expansion of
1 x8 2 3
6
n 24a = 672 ⇒a = 28
Now,
Cr − 1 2
= − . 2x − 2 is equal to
n
Cr 15 So, b = 315 ⇒ (a, b) = (28, 315) 60 81 x
n! [2019, 12 April Shift-II]
47 The smallest natural number n,
(r − 1) !(n − r + 1) ! 2 (a) − 72 (b) 36
⇒ = such that the coefficient of x in the
n! 15 n (c) − 36 (d) − 108
1
r !(n − r) ! expansion of x 2 + 3 is n C23 , is Ans. (c)
r 2 x
⇒ = [2019, 10 April Shift-II] Key Idea Use the general term (or
n − r + 1 15
(a) 35 (b) 23 (c) 58 (d) 38 (r + 1)th term) in the expansion of
⇒ 15r = 2n − 2r + 2 binomial (a + b) n
⇒ 2n − 17 r + 2 = 0 …(i) Ans. (d)
n i.e. Tr + 1 = nC r a n − r b r
Given binomial is x 2 + 3 , its (r + 1) th
n
Cr 15 1
Similarly, = x
6
n
C r + 1 70 3
Let a binomial 2x 2 − 2 , it’s (r + 1) th
term, is x
n! r
Tr + 1 = nC r (x 2 ) n − r 3 = nC r x 2 n − 2 r 3 r
1 1 term
r !(n − r) ! 3
⇒ = x x 3
r
n! 14 = Tr + 1 = 6C r (2x 2 ) 6 − r − 2
= nC r x 2 n − 2 r − 3 r = nC r x 2 n − 5 r x
(r + 1) !(n − r − 1) !
r+1 3
For the coefficient of x , = 6C r (− 3) r (2) 6 − r x 12 − 2 r − 2 r
⇒ = ⇒14r + 14 = 3n − 3r 2n − 5r = 1 ⇒ 2n = 5r + 1 …(i) = 6C r (−3) r (2) 6 − r x 12 − 4 r …(i)
n − r 14
As coefficient of x is given as n C 23 , then Now, the term independent of x in the
⇒ 3n − 17 r − 14 = 0 …(ii) either r = 23 or n − r = 23 . 1 x8 3
6
expansion of − 2x 2 − 2
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get If r = 23, then from Eq. (i), we get 60 81 x
n − 16 = 0 ⇒ n = 16 and r = 2 2n = 5(23) + 1
= the term independent of x in the
16
C 1 + 16C 2 + 16C 3 ⇒ 2n = 115 + 1 ⇒2n = 116 ⇒n = 58.
Now, the average = 1 2 3
6
3 If n − r = 23, then from Eq. (i) on replacing expansion of 2x − 2 + the term
16 + 120 + 560 the value of ‘r’, we get2n = 5(n − 23) + 1 60 x
=
3 ⇒ 2n = 5n − 115 + 1 ⇒ 3n = 114 ⇒n = 38 independent of x in the expansion of
696 So, the required smallest natural number x8 2 3
6
= = 232 −
3 n = 38. 2x − 2
81 x
6
46 If the coefficients of x 2 and x 3 are 48 The coefficient of x 18 in the product =
C3
(− 3) 3 (2) 6 − 3 x 12 − 4 (3 ) [put r = 3]
both zero, in the expansion of the (1 + x)(1 − x) 10 (1 + x + x 2 ) 9 is 60
expression (1 + ax + bx 2 ) (1 − 3x) 15 in [2019, 12 April Shift-I] 1
+ − 6C 5 (−3) 5 (2) 6 − 5 x 12 − 4 (5 ) x 8
powers of x, then the ordered pair (a) 84 (b) − 126 81
(a, b) is equal to[2019, 10 April Shift-I] (c) − 84 (d) 126 [put r = 5]
1 35 × 2(6)
(a) (28, 315) (b) (− 21, 714) Ans. (a) = (− 3) 2 +
3 3
3 81
(c) (28, 861) (d) (− 54, 315) Given expression is
= 36 − 72 = − 36
Ans. (a) (1 + x) (1 − x) 10 (1 + x + x 2 ) 9
Given expression is (1 + ax + bx 2 )(1 − 3x) 15 = (1 + x) (1 − x) [(1 − x) (1 + x + x 2 )] 9 50 If the fractional part of the number
in the expansion of binomial (1 − 3x) 15 the = (1 − x 2 ) (1 − x 3 ) 9 2 403 k
is , then k is equal to
(r + 1)th term is Now, coefficient of x 18 in the product 15 15 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
Tr + 1 = 15 C r (−3x) r = 15 C r (−3) r x r (1 + x) (1 − x) 10 (1 + x + x 2 ) 9
(a) 14 (b) 6
Now, coefficient of x 2 , in the expansion = coefficient of x 18 in the product
of (1 + ax + bx 2 )(1 − 3x) 15 is (c) 4 (d) 8
(1 − x 2 ) (1 − x 3 ) 9 = coefficient of x 18 in
15
C 2 (−3) 2 + a 15 C 1 (−3) 1 + b 15 C 0 (−3) 0 = 0 Ans. (d)
(1 − x 3 ) 9 − coefficient of x 16 in (1 − x 3 ) 9
(given) Consider,
Since, (r + 1) th term in the expansion of
⇒ (105 × 9) − 45a + b = 0 2403 = 2400 + 3 = 8⋅2400 = 8⋅ (24 ) 100 = 8 (16) 100
(1 − x 3 ) 9 is 9 C r (− x 3 ) r = 9 C r (− 1) r x 3 r
110 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
= 8(1 + 15) 100 Tr + 1 = nC r a n − r x r − … + 50C 50 10 50 )]
= 8 (1 + 100C 1 (15) + 100C 2 (15) 2 +… ∴ 3 term in the expansion of
rd
= 2 [ C 0 x + C 2 x ⋅ 10 2 + 50C 4 x 46 ⋅ 10 4
50 50 50 48
(1 + x 2 ) 5 is 5 C 2 (1) 5 − 2 (x 2 ) 2
log x log x
+ 100 C 100 (15) 100 ) + … + 50C 50 ⋅ 10 50 ]
⇒ 5 C 2 (1) 5 − 2 (x 2 ) 2 = 2560 (given)
log x
[By binomial theorem By comparing coefficients, we get
⇒ 10 (x 2 ) 2 = 2560
log x
(1 + x) n = nC 0 + nC 1 x + nC 2 x 2 + … nC n x n , a 2 = 2 50C 48 (10) 48 ;
n ∈N ] ⇒ = 256
( 2 log 2 x )
x
= 8 + 8 (100 C 1 (15) + 100C 2 (15) 2 + … ⇒ log 2 x 2 = log 2 256
2 log x a 0 = 2 50C 50 (10) 50 = 2(10) 50
a 2(50 C 2 )(10) 48 50 ⋅49 (10) 48
+ 100
C 100 (15) 100 ) (taking log 2 on both sides) ∴ 2 = =2
⇒ 2(log 2 x)(log 2 x) = 8 a0 2 (10) 50
1⋅2 2⋅ (10) 50
= 8 + 8 × 15λ
(Qlog 2 256 = log 2 28 = 8) [Q 50C 48 = 50C 2 ]
where λ = 100 C 1 +......+ 100 C 100 (15) 99 ∈N 50 × 49 5 × 49 245
(log 2 x) = 4 2
= = = = 12 . 25
2403 8 + 8 × 15λ 8 2⋅ (10 × 10)
∴ = = 8λ + ⇒ log 2 x = ± 2 20 20
15 15 15
⇒ log 2 x = 2 or log 2 x = − 2
2403 8 55. A ratio of the 5th term from the
⇒ = ⇒ x =4
15 15 1 beginning to the 5th term from the
or x = 2−2 =
(where {⋅} is the fractional part function) 4 end in the binomial expansion of
10
∴ k=8 1 /3 1
53 The sum of the real values of x for 2 + is
Alternate Method 2(3) 1/3
2403 = 8⋅2400 = 8(16) 100
which the middle term in the
8 [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
Note that, when 16 is divided by 15, gives x3 3
binomial expansion of +
1/3
(a) 1 :2 (6) (b) 1 :4 (16) 1 / 3
remainder 1. 3 x (c) 4 (36) 1 / 3 :1 (d) 2 (36) 1 / 3 :1
∴ When (16) 100 is divided by 15, gives
remainder 1100 = 1
equals 5670 is Ans. (c)
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] Since, rth term from the end in the
and when 8(16) 100 is divided by 15, gives
remainder 8. (a) 4 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 8 expansion of a binomial (x + a) n is same as
Ans. (b) the (n − r + 2)th term from the beginning
2403 8 8
∴ = . x3 3 in the expansion of same binomial.
In expansion of + , the middle
15 15 3 x
T5 T T
term isT4 + 1 . ∴Required ratio = = 5 = 4+1
(where {⋅} is the fractional part function) T10 − 5 + 2 T7 T6 + 1
⇒ k=8 [Qhere, n = 8, which is even, therefore 4
n + 2 1
middle term =
10
C 4 (21 / 3 ) 10 − 4
51 The coefficient of t 4 in the th term] T5 2(3) 1 / 3
2 ⇒ =
3 6
1 − t 6 x3 3
4 4 T10 − 5 1
8⋅ 7 ⋅6 ⋅ 5 8 +2 10
C 6 (21 / 3 ) 10 − 6
expansion of is ∴ 5670 = 8C 4 = x 2(3) 1 / 3
1−t 3 x 1⋅2⋅3⋅4
[QTr = nC r x n − r a r ]
[2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II] x3
8− r r +1
3 2 6/3
(2(3) 1 / 3 ) 6
(a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 14 QTr +1 = 8C r = [Q 10C 4 = 10C 6 ]
3 x 24 / 3 (2(3) 1 / 3 ) 4
Ans. (c)
3 ⇒ x 8 = 34 ⇒x = ± 3 = 26 / 3 − 4 / 3 (2(3) 1 / 3 ) 6 − 4
1 − t6 −3
Clearly, = (1 − t ) (1 − t)
6 3
So, sum of all values of x i.e. + 3 and = 22 / 3 ⋅22 ⋅32 / 3
1−t
− 3 =0 = 4(6) 2 / 3 = 4(36) 1 / 3
∴ Coefficient of t 4 in (1 − t 6 ) 3 (1 − t) −3
So, the required ratio is4(36) 1 / 3 : 1 .
= Coefficient of t 4 in (1 − t 18 − 3t 6 + 3t 12 ) 54. Let (x + 10) 50 + (x − 10) 50
(1 − t) − 3 56. If n C 4 , n C 5 and n C 6 are in AP, then
= a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x 2 + K + a 50 x 50 , for
= Coefficient of t 4 in (1 − t) − 3 a2
= 3 + 4 − 1C 4 = 6C 4 = 15 all x ∈R; then is equal to n can be [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
a 0[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] (a) 9 (b) 11 (c) 14 (d) 12
(Qcoefficient of x r in (1 − x) − n = n + r − 1C r )
(a) 12.25 (b) 12.50 (c) 12.00 (d) 12.75 Ans. (c)
52 If the third term in the binomial Ans. (a)
expansion of (1 + x log x ) 5 equals2 If n C 4 , n C 5 and n C 6 are in AP, then
2560, then a possible value of x is
We have, 2⋅n C 5 = nC 4 + nC 6
(x + 10) 50 + (x − 10) 50 = a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x 2 [if a, b, c are in AP , then2b = a + c]
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
+ … + a 50 x 50 n! n! n!
(a) 4 2 (b)
1
(c)
1
(d) 2 2 ⇒2 = +
∴ a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x + … + a 50 x 50
2
5!(n − 5) ! 4!(n − 4) ! 6!(n − 6) !
4 8
= [(50 C 0 x 50 + 50C 1 x 49 10 + 50C 2 x 48 ⋅ 10 2 n n!
Q Cr =
Ans. (b) 2 !( − r) !
+ … + 50C 50 10 50 ) ⇒ r n
The (r + 1) thterm in the expansion of 5⋅4!(n − 5) (n − 6) !
(a + x) n is given by + (50 C 0 x 50 − 50C 1 x 49 10 + 50
C 2 x 48 10 2
Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications 111
1 1 (1 − 2 x ) 50 + (1 + 2 x ) 50 = 2[C 0 + C 2 (2 x ) 2
= + Sum of coefficients of all odd degree
4!(n − 4) (n − 5) (n − 6) ! 6⋅ 5⋅4! (n − 6) ! terms is2 (1 − 10 + 5 + 5) = 2 + ... + C 50 (2 x ) 50 ]
2 1 1 (1 − 2 x ) + (1 + 2 x )
50 50
⇒ = + ⇒ = C 0 + C 2 (2 x ) 2
5(n − 5) (n − 4) (n − 5) 30 59 If the number of terms in the 2
n
2 30 + (n − 4) (n − 5) 2 4 + ... + C 50 (2 x ) 50
⇒ = expansion of 1 − + 2 , x ≠ 0, is
5(n − 5) 30 (n − 4) (n − 5) x x On putting x = 1, we get
⇒ 12 (n − 4) = 30 + n2 − 9n + 20 28, then the sum of the coefficients (1 − 2 1) 50 + (1 + 2 1) 50
= C 0 + C 2 (2) 2
⇒ n2 − 21n + 98 = 0 of all the terms in this expansion, is 2
⇒ n2 − 14n − 7 n + 98 = 0 [JEE Main 2016] + ... + C 50 (2) 50
⇒ n(n − 14) − 7 (n − 14) = 0
(a) 64 (b) 2187 (c) 243 (d) 729 (−1) 50
+ (3) 50
⇒ = C 0 + C 2 (2) 2 + ... + C 50 (2) 50
Ans. (d) 2
⇒ (n − 7) (n − 14) = 0
Clearly, number of terms in the 1 + 350
⇒ n = 7 or 14 ⇒ = C 0 + C 2 (2) 2 + ... + C 50 (2) 50
expansion of 2
1 − 2 + 4 is (n + 2) (n + 1) or n + 2 C .
n
57 The total number of irrational
terms in the binomial expansion of x x2 2
2
61 If the coefficients of x 3 and x 4 in
(7 1/ 5 − 3 1/ 10 ) 60 is 1 1 the expansion of
[assuming and 2 distinct]
[2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] x x (1 + ax + bx 2 ) (1 − 2x) 18 in powers of x
(a) 49 (b) 48 (n + 2) (n + 1) are both zero, then (a, b) is equal to
∴ = 28
2 [JEE Main 2014]
(c) 54 (d) 55
⇒ (n + 2) (n + 1) = 56 = (6 + 1) (6 + 2) 251 251
Ans. (c) (a) 16, (b) 14,
⇒ n=6 3 3
The general term in the binomial
expansion of (a + b) n isTr + 1 = nC r a n − r b r . Hence, sum of coefficients 272 272
(c) 14, (d) 16,
= (1 − 2 + 4) 6 = 36 = 729 3 3
So, the general term in the binomial
1 1 Ans. (d)
expansion of (7 1 / 5 − 31 / 10 ) 60 is Note As and 2 are functions of same
1 / 5 60 − r
x x In the expansion of (1 + ax + bx 2 ) (1 − 2x) 18 ,
Tr +1 = C r (7
60
) (−3 1 / 10 r
) variables, therefore number of dissimilar
60 − r r terms will be 2n + 1, i.e. odd, which is not Coefficient of x 3 in (1 + ax + bx 2 ) (1 − 2x) 18
= 60C r 7 5
(−1) r 3 10 possible. Hence, it contains error. = Coefficient of x 3 in (1 − 2x) 18
12 −
r r
+ Coefficient of x 2 in a (1 − 2x) 18
= (−1) r 60
Cr 7 5
3 10 60 The sum of coefficients of integral +Coefficient of x in b (1 − 2x) 18
The possible non-negative integral powers of x in the binomial
r r = − C 3 ⋅2 + a 18C 2 ⋅22 − b 18C 1 ⋅2
18 3
values of ‘r’ for which and are expansion of (1 − 2 x ) 50 is Q − 18C 3 ⋅23 + a 18C 2 ⋅22 − b 18C 1 ⋅2 = 0
5 10 [JEE Main 2015]
integer, where r ≤ 60, are 18 × 17 × 16 18 × 17 2
1 1 ⇒ ⋅ 8 + a⋅ ⋅ 2 − b ⋅ 18 ⋅ 2
r = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60. (a) (350 + 1) (b) (350 ) 3×2 2
2 2
∴There are 7 rational terms in the 1 1 =0
binomial expansion and remaining (c) (350 − 1) (d) (250 + 1) 34 × 16
61 − 7 = 54 terms are irrational terms.
2 2 ⇒ 17a − b = …(i)
3
Ans. (a)
58 The sum of the coefficients of all Similarly, coefficient of x 4
LetTr + 1 be the general term in the
odd degree terms in the expansion expansion of (1 − 2 x ) 50
18
C 4 ⋅24 − a ⋅ 18C 3 23 + b ⋅ 18C 2 ⋅22 = 0
5 5
of x + x 3 − 1 + x − x 3 − 1 , ∴ Tr + 1 = 50C r (1) 50 − r (−2x 1 / 2 ) r ∴ 32a − 32b = 240 …(ii)
= 50C r 2r x r / 2 (−1) r On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
(x > 1) is For the integral power of x, r should be
272
[JEE Main 2018] even integer. a = 16 and b =
(a) −1 (b) 0 25 3
(c) 1 (d) 2 ∴ Sum of coefficients = ∑ 50 C 2 r (2) 2 r
r=0
62 The term independent of x in the
Ans. (d) 1 expansion of
= [(1 + 2) 50 + (1 − 2) 50 ] 10
Key idea = (a + b) n + (a − b) n 2 x +1 x −1
= 2(n C 0a n + nC 2 a n − 2 b 2 + nC 4a n − 4b 4 …) 1
= [350 + 1] x 2 /3 − x 1/3 + 1 − x − x 1/2 is
We have, 2
(x + x 3 − 1) 5 + (x − x 3 − 1) 5 , x > 1 Aliter We have, [JEE Main 2013]
(1 − 2 x ) 50 = C 0 − C 1 2 x + C 2 (2 x ) 2 (a) 4 (b) 120
= 2(5 C 0 x 5 + 5 C 2 x 3 ( x 3 − 1) 2 + ...+ C 50 (2 x ) 50 …(i) (c) 210 (d) 310
+ 5 C 4 x ( x 3 − 1) 4 )
(1 + 2 x ) = C 0 + C 1 2 x + C 2 (2 x ) 2
50
Ans. (c)
= 2(x 5 + 10 x 3 (x 3 − 1) + 5x (x 3 − 1) 2 ) + ... + C 50 (2 x ) 50 …(ii)
= 2(x 5 + 10 x 6 − 10 x 3 + 5x 7 − 10 x 4 + 5x) On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
112 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Here, (1 − x − x 2 + x 3 ) 6
10
x+1 (x − 1) On multiplying by x, we get
Consider 2 / 3 1 / 3 − 1/2 = {(1 − x) − x 2 (1 − x)} 6
n
x − x + 1 x − x ∑
+1
Cr ⋅ xr
n
= x (1 + x) n
10
= {(1 − x) (1 − x 2 )} 6 r =0
(x 1 / 3) 3 + 13 {( x ) 2 − 1} = (1 − x) 6 ⋅ (1 − x 2 ) 6
= 2/3 − On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
x − x + 1
1/3
x ( x − 1) 6
6 n
= ∑ (− 1) r 6C r ⋅ x r ∑ (− 1) s 6C s ⋅ x 2 s ∑ (r + 1) ⋅ C ⋅ x r = (1 + x) n + nx (1 + x) n − 1
n
r
(x 1/3
+ 1) (x + 1 − x )
2/3 1/3
r = 0 s = 0 r =0
=
x2 / 3 − x 1 / 3 + 1 6 6
Hence, Statement II is true. If x = 1, then
∑ ∑ (−1)
r +s r + 2s
10 = ⋅ Cr ⋅ Cs ⋅ x
6 6
( x − 1) ( x + 1) n
− r =0 s =0
∑ (r + 1) ⋅ C = 2n + n(2) n − 1
n
x ( x − 1) r
For coefficient of x 7 , we have r =0
10
( x + 1) r + 2s = 7 i. e., s = 1, r = 5 = (n + 2) 2n − 1
= (x 1 / 3 + 1) − = (x 1 / 3 − x − 1 /2 ) 10
x or s = 2, r = 3 Hence, Statements I and II are true and
or s = 3, r = 1 Statement II is a correct explanation of
∴The general term is Statement I.
Tr + 1 = 10C r (x 1 / 3 ) 10 − r (− x − 1 / 2 ) r ∴ Coefficient of x 7 is
10 − r r +1
−
{(− 1) 5⋅ 6C 5 ⋅ 6C 1 } + {(− 1) 3 + 2 ⋅ 6C 3 ⋅ 6C 2 } 67 In the binomial expansion of
= 10C r (− 1) r x 3 2
+ {(− 1) 1 + 3 ⋅ 6C 1 ⋅ 6C 3 } (a − b) n , n≥ 5, the sum of 5th and 6th
For independent of x, put ⇒ (36) − (20) (15) + 6 (20) terms is zero, then a /b is equal to
10 − r r
− =0 ⇒ 36 − 300 + 120 = − 144 [AIEEE 2007]
3 2 5 6
(a) (b)
⇒ 20 − 2 r − 3 r = 0 65 The remainder left out when n −4 n −5
⇒ 20 = 5 r ⇒ r = 4 82 n − (62) 2 n + 1 is divided by 9, is n −5 n −4
10 × 9 × 8 × 7 (c) (d)
∴ T5 = 10C 4 = = 210 [AIEEE 2009] 6 5
4×3×2× 1 (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 7 (d) 8
Ans. (d)
63 If n is a positive integer, then Ans. (b)
Since, in a binomial expansion of (a − b) n ,
( 3 + 1) 2 n − ( 3 − 1) 2 n is [AIEEE 2012] 8 2n
− (62) 2n + 1
= (1 + 63) − (63 − 1) n 2n + 1
n≥ 5, the sum of 5th and 6th terms is
(a) an irrational number = (1 + 63) n + (1 − 63) 2 n + 1 equal to zero.
(b) an odd positive integer = (1 + nC 1 63 + nC 2 (63) 2 + … + (63) n ∴ n C 4 a n − 4 (−b) 4 + nC 5 a n − 5 (−b) 5 = 0
n! n!
(c) an even positive integer + [1 − (2 n + 1 ) C 1 63 + (2 n + 1 ) C 2 (63) 2 ⇒ a n − 4 ⋅b 4 − a n − 5b 5 = 0
(d) a rational number other than positive (n − 4) !4! (n − 5) ! 5!
+ … + (− 1) (63) (2 n + 1 ) ]
integers n! a b
= 2 + 63 [n C 1 + nC 2 (63) + … + (63) n − 1 ⇒ an − 5 ⋅b4 − =0
Ans. (a) (2 n + 1 )
(n − 5) !4! n − 4 5
+ C 2 (63) − … − (63) (2 n ) ]
( 3 + 1) 2 n = 2n
C 0 ( 3) 2 n + 2n
C 1 ( 3) 2 n − 1 a n−4
Hence, the remainder is 2. ⇒ =
b 5
+ 2n
C 2 ( 3) 2 n − 2 + K + 2n
C 2 n ( 3) 2 n − 2 n
66 Statement I
( 3 − 1) 2 n = 2n
C 0 ( 3) 2 n (−1) 0 n 68 In the expansion, powers of x in the
+ 2n
C 1 ( 3) 2n− 1
(−1) 1 ∑ (r + 1) ⋅ n C r = (n + 2)2 n − 1 function
1
is
2n− 2
r =0 (1 − ax)(1 − bx)
+ 2n
C 2 ( 3) (−1) + K
2
n
+ 2n
C 2 n ( 3) 2 n − 2 n (−1) 2 n Statement II ∑ (r + 1) n C r ⋅ x r a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x 2 + a 3 x 3 + ...,then a n
r =0 is equal to [AIEEE 2006]
Adding both the binomial expansions
= (1 + x) + nx (1 + x) n − 1
n
[AIEEE 2008] an − b n an + 1 − b n + 1
above, we get (a) (b)
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is b −a a −b
( 3 + 1) 2 n − ( 3 − 1) 2 n = 2 [2 n C 1 ( 3) 2 n − 1
2n− 3 2n− 5
true b n + 1 − an + 1 b n − an
+ 2n
C 3 ( 3) + 2n
C 5 ( 3) (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is (c) (d)
b −a b −a
true; Statement II is a correct
+ K+ 2n
C 2 n − 1 ( 3) 2 n − (2 n − 1 )
] Ans. (b)
explanation of Statement I
which is most certainly an irrational (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is Now, (1 − ax) −1 (1 − bx) −1
number because of odd powers of 3 in true; Statement II is not a correct = (1 + ax + a 2 x 2 + ...)(1 + bx + b 2 x 2 + ...)
each of the terms. explanation of Statement I Hence,a n = Coefficient of x n in
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is (1 − ax) −1 (1 − bx) −1
64 The coefficient of x 7 in the false = a 0b n + ab n − 1 + ... + a nb 0
expansion of (1 − x − x 2 + x 3 ) 6 is Ans. (b)
[AIEEE 2011] n
∑ C r ⋅ x r = (1 + x) n
n
Since,
(a) − 132 (b) −144 (c) 132 (d) 144 r =0
Ans. (b)
Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications 113
2
3
= a 0b n 1 + + + ...
Since, the coefficient of given terms are
(1 + x) 3 /2 − 1 + x
a a
m
1
C r − 1 , m C r , m C r + 1 , respectively and they
b b 2
also in AP. may be
a n + 1 (1 − x) 1/2
−1 ∴ m C r − 1 + m C r + 1 = 2⋅ m C r
= a 0b n b m! m! approximated as [AIEEE 2005]
a −1 ⇒ + x 3 3
b (r − 1) !(m − r + 1) ! (r + 1) !(m − r − 1) ! (a) − x 2 (b) − x 2
2 8 8
sum of nth terms of a GP with common ratio a m! 3 3
=2 (c) 3x + x 2 (d) 1 − x 2
b r !(m − r) ! 8 8
b n (a n + 1 − b n + 1 ) b an + 1 − bn + 1 1 1 2
= ⋅ n+1 = ⇒ + = Ans. (b)
a −b b a −b (m − r + 1)(m − r) (r + 1) r r (m − r) 3
1
r (r + 1) + (m − r + 1)(m − r) 2 (1 + x) 3 / 2 − 1 + x
69 For natural numbers m and n, if ⇒ = 2
r (r + 1)(m − r + 1)(m − r) r (m − r)
(1 − y) m (1 + y) n = 1 + a 1 y + a 2 y 2 + . . . a (1 − x) 1 / 2
nd a 1 = a 2 = 10, then (m, n) is ⇒ r 2 + r + m2 + r 2 − 2mr + m − r 3 1
= 2 (mr − r 2 + r + m − r + 1) ⋅
1 + x + 2 2 x 2 − 1 + 3x + 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ x
2
[AIEEE 2006] 3
(a) (35, 20) (b) (45, 35) ⇒ 4r − 4 mr − m − 2 + m2 = 0
2
2 2 2 2 4
⇒ m2 − m(4 r + 1) + 4 r 2 − 2 = 0
(c) (35, 45) (d) (20, 45)
=
Ans. (c) (1 − x) 1 / 2
71 If the coefficient of x 7 in
(1 − y) m (1 + y) n = 1 + a 1 y + a 2 y 2 + 11
ax 2 + 1 equal to the [neglecting higher powers of x]
a 3 y 3 + ...
bx =−
3x 2
(1 − x) − 1 / 2
On differentiating w.r.t. y, we get 11 8
coefficient of x −7 in ax − 2 ,
1
− m(1 − y) m − 1 (1 + y) n + (1 − y) m n(1 + y) n − 1 1 3
bx ⋅
= a 1 + 2a 2 y + 3a 3 y 2 + ...…(i) 3x 2 1 2 2
=− 1+ x + ⋅x
2
On putting y = 0 in Eq. (i), we get then a and b satisfy the relation 8 2 2
[AIEEE 2005]
− m + n = a 1 = 10 …(ii)
a
(a) ab = 1 (b) = 1 3x 2
[Q a 1 = 10, given] b =−
On differentiating Eq. (i), we get (c) a + b = 1 (d) a − b = 1 8
[since, higher powers of x can be
− m[− (m − 1)(1 − y) m − 2 (1 + y) n neglected]
+ (1 − y) m − 1 n(1 + y) n − 1 ] Ans. (a)
+ n [− m(1 − y) m − 1 (1 + y) n − 1 Let x 7 be contained in (r + 1) th term in 73 The coefficient of the middle term
11
+ (1 − y) m (n − 1)(1 + y) n − 2 ] the expansion of ax 2 + .
1 in the binomial expansion in powers
= 2a 2 + 6a 3 y + ... …(iii) bx of x of (1 + αx) 4 and of (1 − αx) 6 is
r
On putting y = 0 in Eq. (iii), we get 2 11 − r 1 the same, if α is equal to
∴Tr + 1 = C r (ax )
11
bx
− m [− (m − 1) + n] + n[− m + (n − 1)] = 2a 2 a 11 − r 22 − 3 r
[AIEEE 2004]
= 20 = Cr
11
⋅x 5 10
br (a) − (b)
⇒ m(m − 1) − mn − mn + n(n − 1) = 20 3 3
For coefficient of x 7 , put
3 3
⇒ m2 + n2 − m − n − 2mn = 20 22 − 3 r = 7 ⇒ r = 5 (c) − (d)
10 5
⇒ (m − n) 2 − (m + n) = 20 a6
∴ T6 = 11C 5 5 ⋅ x 7 Ans. (c)
⇒ 100 − (m + n) = 20 b
∴ m + n = 80 …(iv) So, the coefficient of x 7 in the expansion The coefficient of the middle term in
11 powers of x of (1 + α x) 4 = 4C 2 α 2 .
of ax 2 + is 11 C 5 5 ⋅
On solving Eqs. (ii) and (iv), we get 1 a6
m = 35 and n = 45 bx b The coefficient of the middle term in
Similarly, coefficient of x −7 in the powers of x of (1 − α x) 6 = 6C 3 (− α) 3 .
70 If the coefficients of rth, (r + 1)th 11
expansion of ax − 2 is 11 C 6 6 ⋅
1 a5 According to given condition,
and (r + 2)th terms in the binomial bx b 4
C 2 α 2 = 6C 3 (− α) 3
expansion of (1 + y) m are in AP, then According to the given condition,
m and r satisfy the equation 4! 2 6! 3
a6 a5 ⇒ α =− α
(a) m − m (4 r − 1) + 4 r + 2 = 0
2 2
11
C5 = 11C 6 2!2! 3! 3!
b5 b6
[AIEEE 2005] ⇒ 6α 2 = − 20 α 3
a6 a5
(b) m 2 − m (4 r + 1) + 4 r 2 − 2 = 0 ⇒ = 6
(c) m 2 − m (4 r + 1) + 4 r 2 + 2 = 0 b5 b
6
⇒ α=−
20
(d) m 2 − m (4 r − 1) + 4 r 2 − 2 = 0 ∴ ab = 1
3
Ans. (b) ∴ α=−
72 If x is so small that x 3 and higher 10
powers of x may be neglected, then
114 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
n− 2
74 The coefficient of x n in the (1 + 2x + 3x 2 + ...) −3 / 2 = [(1 − x) −2 ] −3 / 2 = n( n − 1) C r − 2 + n⋅ n − 1C r − 1
expansion of (1 + x) (1 − x) n is = (1 − x) 3
n
[AIEEE 2004]
So, coefficient of x 5 in ∑ r 2 C r = n(n − 1) ∑ n− 2
Cr − 2 + n ∑ n− 1
Cr − 1
(1 + 2x + 3x 2 + ...) −3 / 2 r=2 r=1
(a) (n − 1) (b) (−1) (1 − n)
n
Now, when n = 20
= Coefficient of x 5 in (1 − x) 3 = 0
(c) (−1) n − 1 (n − 1) 2 (d) (−1) n − 1 n Σr 2 nC r = (20 × 19) ∑ 18C r + 20 ∑ 19 C r
Ans. (b) 78 If | x | < 1, then the coefficient of x n in = (20 × 19) 218 + 20 ⋅219 = 420 ⋅218
n
The coefficient of x in the expansion of the expansion of
(1 + x)(1 − x) n = Coefficient of x n in (1 − x) n (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ...) 2 is [AIEEE 2002] n
81 Let denotes n C k and
+ Coefficient of x n − 1 in (1 − x) n (a) n (b) n − 1 k
[Q(1 + x) (1 − x) n = (1 + x) n + x (1 − x) n ] (c) n + 2 (d) n + 1 n
n
= (−1) n C n + (−1) n − 1 nC n − 1 n , if 0 ≤ k ≤ n
Ans. (d) =
k k
n! (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ...) 2 = [(1 − x) −1 ] 2 0, otherwise
= (−1) n 1 − = (−1) (1 − n)
n
1 !( n − 1) ! = (1 − x) −2 9
9 12
Coefficient of x n in (1 + x + x 2 + ...) 2 If A k = ∑
75 The number of integral terms in the = Coefficient of x n in (1 − x) −2 i = 0 i 12 − k + i
expansion of ( 3 + 8 5) 256 is = n + 2 − 1C 2 − 1 8
8 13
= n + 1C 1 = n + 1 + ∑
i = 0 i 13 − k + i
[AIEEE 2003]
(a) 32 (b) 33
(c) 34 (d) 35
TOPIC 2 and A 4 − A3 = 190 p, then p is equal
Properties of Binomial to [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
Ans. (b) Coefficients Ans. (49)
The general term of ( 3 + Given,a k =
8
5) 256 is
20 9 8
Tr +1 C r (3) (256 − r ) / 2 (5) r / 8
= 256
256 − r r
79 ∑(
k =0
20
C k ) 2 is equal to ∑ (9 C i × 12 C 12 − k + i) + ∑ (8 C j × 13C 13 − k + i)
i=0
9
i=0
8
For integral terms, and are [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] ⇒A k = ∑ 9 C i 12
C k − i + ∑ 8C i 13C k − i
2 8 40 40 i=0 i=0
(a) C 21 (b) C 19
both positive integers. i.e., 9
C0 12
C K + 9 C 1 12 C k − 1 + 9 C 2 12
C k − 2 + ...+
r = 0, 8, 16, 24, 32,..., 256 (c) 40 C 20 (d) 41 C 20 9
C9 12
C k − 9 = 21C K
Hence, total number of terms are 33. Ans. (c) α
m +n
20
[Q Σ nC r × m C α − r = Cα ]
r=0
∑( C k ) = ( C 0 ) + ( C 1)
20 2 20 2 20 2
76 If x is positive, the first negative k =0
Similarly,
term in the expansion of (1 + x) 27 / 5 is + ( C 2 ) + K + ( C 20 )
20 2 20 2
8
∑ 8C i 13C k − i = 21C k
[AIEEE 2003] i=0
(a) 7th term (b) 5th term 2 (2n) ! A k = 21C k + 21C k 221 C k
QC + C 12 + ... + C n2 =
(c) 8th term (d) 6th term 0 (n!) 2 A4 − A3 = 2⋅ (21 C 4 − 21C 3 )
Ans. (c) 40 ! = 2 (5985 − 1330)
= = 40C 20
Since, (r + 1) th term in the expansion of (20 !) 2 ⇒ 190 p = 9310
(1 + x) 27 / 5 . p = 49
27 27 27 80 If 20 C r is the coefficient of x r in 6
− 1 ... − r + 1
5 r the expansion of (1 + x) 20 , then the 82 The value of ∑ ( 6 C r ⋅ 6 C 6 − r ) is
= 5 5 x 20 equal to r =0
r! value of Σ r 2 20
C r is equal to [2021, 17 March Shift-II]
Now, this term will be negative, if the last r =0
factor in numerator is the only one [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I] (a) 1124 (b) 1324
negative factor. (c) 1024 (d) 924
(a) 420 × 2 19
(b) 380 × 2 19
27 Ans. (d)
⇒ − r + 1< 0 (c) 380 × 218 (d) 420 × 218
5 Method (1) (Proper Method)
Ans. (d)
32 6
⇒ < r ⇒ 64 . <r
C r = ∑ C r ⋅ 6C 6 − r
6
n n n− 1
5 Cr − 1
r r =0
⇒ Least value of r is 7. = 6C 0 ⋅ 6C 6 + 6C 1 ⋅ 6C 5 + 6C 2 ⋅ 6C 4 +
r nC r = n n − 1C r − 1 ...(i)
Thus, first negative term will be 8th.
6
C 3 ⋅ 6C 3 + 6C 4 ⋅ 6C 2 + 6C 5 ⋅ 6C 1 + 6C 6 ⋅ 6C 0
Similarly, (r − 1 ) n − 1C r − 1 = (n − 1 ) (n − 2 C r − 2 )
Multiplying Eq. (i) with (r − 1 ) Now,
77 The coefficient of x 5 in
r (r − 1) nC r = n( r − 1) n − 1C r − 1 (1 + x) 6 ⋅ (1 + x) 6 = (6 C 0 + 6C 1 x + 6C 2 x 2 +
(1 + 2x + 3x 2 + ...) −3 /2 is [AIEEE 2002]
⇒ r (r − 1) nC r = n.(n − 1) n − 2 C r − 2
6
C 3 x 3 + … + 6 C 6 x 6 ) (6 C 0 + 6C 1 x + 6C 2 x 2
(a) 21 (b) 25
r 2 nC r = [ r (r − 1) + r ] nC r + 6C 3 x 3 + … + 6C 6 x 6 )
(c) 26 (d) None of these
Ans. (d) = r ( r − 1) nC r + r nC r
Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications 115
On comparing the coefficients of x 6 from n 1 k n 3 k n 7 k Comparing both sides,
both sides, we have Ck + Ck + Ck n = 15 and m = 30
2 4 8
6
C 0 .6 C 6 + 6C 1 .6 C 5 + 6C 2 .6 C 4 + … + k k ⇒ n + m = 15 + 30 = 45
6
C 6 .6 C 0 = 12 C 6 15 31
+ nC k + nC k
12! 12 × 11 × 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6! 16 32 85 If n≥ 2 is a positive integer, then the
= =
6! (12 − 6) ! 6! × (6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1) 1 3
n
n
7
n
sum of the series
⇒A = 1 − + 1 − + 1 − n+ 1
= 924 2 4 8 C2 + 2 (2 C2 + 3 C2 + 4 C2 +…+ n C2 )
Method (2) (Short-cut Method) 15 31
n n is [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
As, we know that, + 1 − + 1 − n(n − 1) (2n + 1)
16 32 (a)
C 0 + nC 12 + nC 22 + nC 32 + … + n C n2 =
n 2 2n
Cn 1 1 1 1 1 6
⇒A = n + 2 n + 3 n + 4 n + 5 n n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
⇒ n C 0 .n C 0 + nC 1 .n C 1 + nC 2 .n C 2 + … + 2 2 2 2 2 (b)
6
n
C n .n C n = 2 nC n 1 − 1 n(2n + 1) (3n + 1)
⇒ n C 0 .n C n + nC 1 .n C n − 1 + nC 2 .n C n − 2 1 (2n ) 5 (c)
⇒A = n ⋅ 6
+ … + nC n C 0 = 2 nC n (Q nC r = nC n − r )
n
2 1− 1
n(n + 1) 2 (n + 2)
Putting n = 6, we get, 2n (d)
12
C 0 .6 C 6 + 6C 1 .6 C 5 + 6C 2 .6 C 4 + … + 1 2 − 1 2
6 5n n
⇒A = n n 5n Ans. (b)
6
C 6 .6 C 0 = 12 C 6 2 2 − 1 2
Given, n≥ 2
83 Let n be a positive integer. Let 25 n − 1 1 Let S = 2 C 2 + 3C 2 + … + nC 2 = n + 1C 3
⇒A = n 5 n
1 k 3 k 7 k 2 − 1 2 Now, n + 1 C 2 + 2 × (2 C 2 + 3C 2 + … + nC 2 )
+ + 1
n
k
2 4 8 Q 63A = 1 − 30 = n+1
C2 + 2 × n+1
C3
A = Σ (−1) n C
k
2
k k =( n+1
C2 + n+1
C 3) + n+1
C3
+ 15 + 31
k
(25 n − 1) 230 − 1
⇒ 63 5 n n = 30
16 32 2 (2 − 1) 2 n+2 n+1 (n + 2) ! (n + 1) !
= C3 + C3 = +
1 63 1 1 3!(n − 1) ! 3!(n − 2) !
If 63A = 1 − 30 , then n is equal to ⇒ n 1 − = 1 −
2 2 − 1 25 n 230 (n + 2) (n + 1) n (n − 1) !
=
……… . [2021, 16 March Shift-II] n = 6, satisfies the equation. 3 × 2 × 1 × (n − 1) !
Ans. (6) (n + 1) × n × (n − 1) × (n − 2) !
n 84 Let m, n ∈ N and gcd (2, n) = 1. If +
3 × 2 × 1 × (n − 2) !
Given,A = ∑ (− 1) . C k
k n
30 30 30 30
k =0
30 + 29 + K + 2 + 1 n (n + 1)
1 k 3 k 7 k 15 k 31 k 0
28 28 29 = [n + 2 + n − 1]
6
+ + + +
2 4 8 16 32 = n ⋅ 2 , then n + m is ……… . (Here,
m
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
=
n n 6
∑ (− 1) = Ck )
n
⇒ A= k
k =0 k [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
86 For integers n and r, let
n 1 k n 3 k n 7 k Ans. (45) n C r , if n ≥ r ≥ 0
n
Ck + Ck + Ck
2 4 8 Given, =
r 0, otherwise
k k 30 ⋅30 C 0 + 29⋅30 C 1 + … + 2⋅30 C 28 + 30
C 29
15 31
+ nC k + nC k = n⋅2m The maximum value of k for which
16 32
This can be written as, the sum,
n
∑ (− 1)
29
⇒ (1 − x) n =
∑ (30 − r)
r n
. Cr xr 30
C r = n⋅2m k
10 5 k + 112 13
r =0
1
r =0 ∑ + ∑
i = 0 i k − i
i = 0 i k + 1 − i
x= 30
∑ (30 − r) ⋅ C r = n⋅2m
30
2 or
n 2 r =0
exists, is equal to ……… .
1 1 1 [2021, 24 Feb Shift-II]
⇒ 1 − = C0 − C1 + C2 … 30 30
2 2 2 ⇒ ∑ 30 ⋅ C r − ∑ r ⋅ C r = n⋅ 2
30 30 m
Ans. (1)
r =0 r =0
⇒ x=
3 n n C , if n≥ r ≥ 0
30 30 Given, = r
4 ⇒ 30 ∑ C r − 30
∑ r⋅
30
C r = n⋅ 2
m
r 0 , otherwise
n 2
3 3 3 r =0 r =0
1 − = C0 − C1 + C2 … k
10 15 k +1
12 13
4 4 4 Using combination properties, and ∑ + ∑ i k + 1 − i
⇒ 30 ⋅ (2) 30 − 30 ⋅ (2) 29 = n⋅2m i = 0 i k − i i=0
Similarly, we will get
n ⇒ 30 ⋅ (2) 29 (2 − 1) = n⋅2m Q (1 + x) 10 = 10C 0 + 10C 1 x + 10C 2 x 2 + …
A= ∑ (− 1)
k
k =0
⇒ 2.15⋅ (2) 29 = n⋅2m + 10C 10 x 10
⇒ 15⋅ (2) 30 = n⋅2m and (1 + x) = C 0 + C 1 x + C 2 x 2
15 15 15 15
116 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
+ … + 15 C 15 x 15 25
25 25 25
= 4 Σ r 24C r − 1 + Σ 25 C r 50 ! (50 − r) !
k r =1
r r =0 ⇒ Σ × =K
50
C 25
∴ ∑ ( Ci ) ( C k − i ) = C0 ⋅ C k r !(50 − r) ! (25 − r) !25!
10 15 10 15 r =0
n n− 1
i=0
(as n C r = Cr − 1) 25
+ 15 C 1 ⋅15 C k − 1 + … + 10C k ⋅15 C 0
Σ 25!
r 50 !
⇒ × =K
25 25 50
= 100 Σ 24
Cr − 1 + Σ 25
Cr C 25
⇒Coefficient of x in (1 + x) k 25
= Ck
25 r =1 r =0
r=0 25!25! r !(25 − r) !
k +1 = 100 (24 ) + 225 [on multiplying25!in numerator and
∑( ) = 12 C 0 ⋅13 C k
12
Also, C i ) (13 C k + 1− i +1 [Q n C 0 + nC 1 + nC 2 + K + nC n = 2n ] denominator.]
i=0 25
= (50 + 1)225 = (51) ⋅225 + 225 ⋅ k
+ 12 C 1 ⋅13 C k + … + 12 C k +1 ⋅13 C 0 (given)
⇒ 50
C 25 Σ 25
Cr = K 50
C 25
So, k = 51 r =0
⇒Coefficient of x k + 1 in (1 + x) 25 = 25 C k +1 50 50 !
Hence answer is 51.
⇒ 25
C k + 25 C k + 1 = 26C k + 1 Q C 25 = 25! 25!
3
As, we know by the definition of n C r , the
20
20
Ci − 1
89 If ∑ 20 = k , then k 25
maximum value of 26 C k + 1 is possible for
any possible large value of k.
i =1 Ci + Ci − 1
20
21 ⇒ K= Σ
r =0
25
C r = 225
Hence, k can have any large value. equals [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] [Q nC 0 + nC 1 + nC 2 + ....+ nC n = 2n ]
(a) 100 (b) 400
(c) 200 (d) 50 ⇒ K = 225
87 The value of
Ans. (a) 91 The value of r for which
− 15 C 1 + 2 ⋅ 15 C2 − 3⋅ 15 C3 + K 3
20 20
Ci − 1 20
C r 20 C 0 + 20 C r − 1 20 C 1 + 20 C r −2 20 C2
− 15 ⋅ 15 C 15 + 14 C 1 + 14 C3 + 14 C 5 Given, ∑ = k
C + 20C
20
+ K + 14 C 11 is [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] i=1 i i−1 21 + .... + 20 C 0 20 C r
(a) 2 16 − 1 (b) 2 13 − 14
3
20 20 C i − 1 is maximum, is
⇒ ∑ = k
(c) 2 13 − 13 (d) 2 14 21 C
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
i=1 i 21
(Q nC r + nC r − 1 = n+1
Cr ) (a) 15 (b) 10
Ans. (b)
3
(c) 11 (d) 20
Given, 20 Ans. (d)
(− 15 C 1 + 2⋅15 C 2 − 3⋅15 C 3 + … − 15⋅15 C 15 )
20 Ci − 1 k
+ (14 C 1 + 14 C 3 + … + 14C 11 )
⇒ ∑
21
= We know that,
i=1 20
Ci − 1 21
Let i (1 + x) 20 = 20C 0 + 20
C1x + 20
C 2 x 2 + ... +
S 1 = − 15 C 1 + 2⋅15 C 2 − 3⋅15 C 3 + … − 15⋅15 C 15 Q nC = n n− 1
C r − 1
20
Cr − 1x r −1
+ 20
C r x + ... +
r 20
C 20 x 20
r
r
15 15 ∴ (1 + x) 20 ⋅ (1 + x) 20 = (20 C 0 + 20
C1x +
= ∑ (− 1) ⋅ r ⋅ C r = 15 ∑ (− 1)
3
i
r 15 r 14 20
k
∑
Cr − 1 ⇒ =
r −1
20
C 2 x + ... + C r − 1 x
2 20
+ 20
C r x r + ...
r =1 r =1
i=1
21 21
= 15(− 14 C 0 + 14C 1 − 14C 2 + … − 14C 14 ) 20
+ 20
c 20 x 20 )
1 k
⇒ ∑i =
3
= 15(0) = 0 × (20 C 0 + 20
C 1 x + ...+ 20
Cr − 1xr − 1 + 20
Cr xr
(21) 3 i = 1 21
S 2 = 14C 1 + 14C 3 + 14C 5 + … + 14C 11 2
+ ....+ C 20 x 20 )
20
= (14 C 1 + 14C 3 + … + 14C 13 ) − 14C 13 1 n (n + 1) k
⇒ = ⇒ (1 + x) 40 = (20 C 0 . 20C r + 20
C 1 20C r − 1 ...
= 213 − 14 (21) 3 2 n = 20 21
C r C 0 ) x r + ...
20 20
Now, the required value is 3 n(n + 1)
2
Q1 + 2 + K + n =
3 3
On comparing the coefficient of x r of
(− 15 C 1 + 2⋅15 C 2 − 3⋅15 C 3 + … − 15⋅15 C 15 ) 2
both sides, we get
+ (14 C 1 + 14C 3 + … + 14C 11 ) 21 20 × 21
2
= S1 + S2 ⇒ k= 3 = 100
20
C0 Cr +
C 1 C r − 1 + ... + 20C r
20 20 20
(21) 2
= 0 + 213 − 14
20
C 0 = 40C r
∴ k = 100 40
= 213 − 14 The maximum value of C r is possible
25
90 If ∑ { 50 C r ⋅ 50 − r C25 − r } = K ( 50 C25 ), only when
88 If C r = C r and 25
r =0 r = 20
C 0 + 5 ⋅ C 1 + 9 ⋅C2 + .... + (101) ⋅ C25 then, K is equal to [Q n C n / 2 is maximum when n is even]
Thus, required value of r is 20.
= 225 ⋅ k, then k is equal to... . [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II]
24
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II] (a) 2
(b) 2 25 − 1
92 The value of
Ans. (51)
(c) 2 25 (21 C 1 − 10 C 1 ) + (21 C2 − 10 C2 )
As it is givenC r = 25 C r , so
C 0 + 5⋅C 1 + 9⋅ C 2 + K + (101) ⋅C 25
(d) (25) 2 + (21 C3 − 10 C3 ) + (21 C 4 − 10 C 4 ) + ... +
25 25 25 Ans. (c) (21 C 10 − 10 C 10 ) is
= Σ (4r + 1) 25 C r = 4 Σ r 25 C r + Σ 25
Cr
r =0 r =0 r =0 25
Given, Σ{ 50
C r .50 − r C 25 − r } = K 50
C 25
[JEE Main 2017]
r=0 (a) 2 21 − 2 11
Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications 117
n n
(b) 2 21 − 2 10
10
1 r
= ∑ j 10C j 96 If S n = ∑ and t n = ∑ n ,
(c) 2 20 − 2 9 j=1
r =0
n
Cr r =0 C r
(d) 2 20 − 2 10 = 90 ⋅28 + 10 ⋅29 = 90.2 8 + 20.2 8 t
Ans. (d) then n is equal to
= 110⋅2 8 = 55⋅2 9 Sn [AIEEE 2004]
( 21C 1 − 10C 1 ) + (21 C 2 − 10C 2 ) + (21 C 3 − 10C 3 ) Hence, Statement I is true and n n
Statement II is false. (a) (b) − 1
+ ... + (21 C 10 − 10C 10 ) 2 2
2n −1
= ( 21C 1 + 21C 2 + ... + 21C 10 ) − (10 C 1 94 The sum of the series (c) n − 1 (d)
2
+ 10C 2 + ... + 10C 10 )
20
C 0 − 20 C 1 + 20 C2 − 20 C3 + . . . + 20 C 10 Ans. (a)
is [AIEEE 2007] n
1
1
= (21 C 1 + 21C 2 + ... + 21C 20 ) − (210 − 1) (a) − C 10 20 1
(b) 20C 10
Given that, S n = ∑ n
Cr
2 r =0
2 n
(d) 20 C 10 1
1
= (21 C 1 + 21C 2 + ... + 21C 21 − 1) − (210 − 1)
(c) 0 Sn = ∑ n
C n− r
[Q nC r = nC n − r ]
2 Ans. (b) r =0
n
We know that, n
1
= (221 − 2) − (210 − 1) = 220 − 1 − 210 + 1 ⇒ nS n = ∑ n
2 (1 + x)
= C 0 + C 1 x + ... +
20 20 20
r =0 Cn − r
= 220 − 210
20
C 10 x 10 + ... + 20C 20 x 20 n n− r r
On putting x = − 1 in the above expansion,
⇒ nS n = ∑ n
+ n
r =0 C n− r C n− r
93 Let we get
10 10 n
n− r n
r
S 1 = ∑ j ( j − 1) 10 C j , S2 = ∑ j 10 C j 0 = 20C 0 − 20C 1 + ... − 20C 9 ⇒ nS n = ∑ n
Cn − r
+ ∑ n
Cr
r =0 r =0
j =1 j =1 + 20 C 10 − 20C 11 + ... + 20
C 20
10 n n− 1 1
and S3 = ∑ j 2 10
Cj . ⇒ 0 = C 0 − C 1 + ... − C 9 +
20 20 20 20
C 10 ⇒ nS n = n + n
C
+ ... + n
C 1
j =1
n Cn − 1
− 20C 9 + ... + 20
C0 n
r
Statement I S3 = 55 × 2 9
⇒ 0 = 2 ( C 0 − C 1 + ... − C 9 ) +
20 20 20 20
C 10
+ ∑ n
Cr
r =0
Statement II S 1 = 90 × 2 8 and
⇒ C 10 = 2 (20 C 0 − 20C 1 + ... + 20C 10 )
20 n
r
S2 = 10 × 2 8 [AIEEE 2010] 1
⇒ nS n = t n + t n Q t n = ∑ n ,given
⇒ 20
C 0 − 20C 1 + ... + 20C 10 = 20C 10 r = 0 Cr
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is 2
true ⇒ nS n = 2t n
6
C4 + ∑
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is 56 − r tn n
95 The value of 50
C3 is ⇒ =
true; Statement II is a correct r =1
Sn 2
explanation of Statement I [AIEEE 2005]
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is (a) 56 C 4 (b) 56
true, Statement II is not a correct (c) 55 C 3 (d) 55
C3
C4
TOPIC 3
explanation of Statement I
Ans. (a) Multinomial Theorem
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is n+1
false Since, we know that C r + C r − 1 = n n
Cr .
97 If the coefficient of a 7 b 8 in the
Ans. (d) ∴ C4 +
50 55
C3 + C3 + C3 +
54 53 52
C3
expansion of (a + 2b + 4ab) 10 is
+ 51C 3 +
n 50
Here, we use ∑ C r = 2n
n C3 k ⋅2 16 , then k is equal to
r=0
= C3 +
50 50
C4 + C3 + 51 52
C3 + C3 53 [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
10
10 ! Ans. (315)
Q S 1 = ∑ j ( j − 1) + 54C 3 + 55
C3
j=1 j ( j − 1) ( j − 2) !(10 − j) ! 1 2
10
= 51C 4 + 51C 3 + 52
C 3 + 53C 3 + 54C 3 + 55
C3 (a + 2b + 4ab) 10 = a 10b 10 + + 4
10
8! b a
= 90 ∑ = 90 ⋅28 n+1
j=2 ( j − 2) ![8 − ( j − 2)]! [Q nC r + nC r − 1 = Cr ] Generalterm
r r2
1 1 2
= C4 + C3 + C3 + C3 + 10 ! 4
10 52 52 53 54 55 10 − r 1 − r 2
10 ! C3
and S 2 = ∑ j b a
j=1 j ( j − 1) ![9 − ( j − 1)]! = 53C 4 + 53C 3 + 54C 3 + 55
C3 = a 10b 10
r1 ! ⋅ r2 ! (10 − r1 − r2 ) !
10
9!
= 10 ∑ = 10 ⋅29 = 54C 4 + 54C 3 + 55
C3 So, r1 = 2, r2 = 3
j=1 ( j − 1) ![9 − ( j − 1)]!
= C4 +
55 55
C3 = C456
10 ! ⋅23 ⋅ 410 − 2 − 3
10
10 ! Coefficient of a 7b 8 =
Also, S 3 = ∑ [ j ( j − 1) + j] 2 ! 3 ! (10 − 2 − 3) !
j=1 j !(10 − j) !
213 ⋅ 10 ! 16
10 = = 2 ⋅ 315
= ∑ j ( j − 1) 10C j 2 !3 ! 5 !
j=1
118 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
∴ k = 315 10 ! 3 7 10 ! 4 5 1
∴ a 13 = 23 + 23 4
20 3! 7 !0 ! 4! 5! 1! [2020, 9 Jan Shift-I]
98 Let (2x 2 + 3x + 4) 10 = ∑ a r x r . Then +
10 ! 5 3 2
234 +
10 ! 6 1 3
2 34 Ans. (615)
r =0 5!3!2! 6! 1!3!
a7 The expression (1 + x + x 2 ) 10 have
is equal to ..... . n1 n2 n3 general term in the expansion is
a 13
[2020, 4 Sep Shift-I] 10 ! n
0 13 Not possible (1) n1 x 2 (x 2 ) n3 , where
Ans. (8) n1 ! n2 ! n3 !
1 11 Not possible
20
n1 + n2 + n3 = 10
It is given that, (2x + 3x + 4) = ∑a x 2 9 Not possible
2 10 r
r
10 ! + 2 n3
=
n
r =0 3 7 0 x 2
n1 ! n2 ! n3 !
Now, the general term in the expansion 4 5 1
of trinomial (2x 2 + 3x + 4) 10 is 5 3 2 Now, table for n1 , n2 and n3 such that
10 ! 2n + n
n2 + 2n3 = 4
n n n
2 13 24 3 x 1 2 6 1 3
n1 ! n2 ! n3 !
n1 n2 n3
such that n1 + n2 + n3 = 10 and 10 ! 7 3 10 ! 1 5 4 10 ! 2 3 5
34 + 23 4 + 234
7 !3 ! 5 !4! 2 !3 ! 5 ! 6 4 0
n1 , n2 , n3 ≥ 0
10 ! 3 1 6
+ 234 7 2 1
For a 7 , 2n1 + n2 = 7 a 3 !6 !
∴ 7 = 8 0 2
10 ! 0 7 3 10 ! 1 5 4 a 13 10 ! 3 7 10 ! 4 5 1 10 ! 5 3 2
∴ a7 = 234 + 23 4 23 + 234 + 2 34
0 ! 7 !3! 1! 5!4! 3!7 ! 4! 5 ! 5 !3 !2 !
So, coefficient of x 4 in the expansion of
10 ! 2 3 5 10 ! 3 1 6 10 ! 6 1 3
+ 234 + 2 34 + 2 34 10 ! 10 ! 10 !
2!3! 5! 3! 1!6! 6 !3 ! (1 + x + x 2 ) 10 is + +
6!4!0 ! 7 !2! 1! 8!0 !2!
10 ! 233 7 + 10 ! 263 5 + 10 ! 293 3 + 10 ! 2123 1
n1 n2 n3 = 210 + 360 + 45
= 23 7 !3 ! 4! 5 ! 2!3 ! 5 ! 6 !3 !
= 615
0 7 3 10 ! 3 7 10 ! 6 5 10 ! 9 3 10 ! 12 1
23 + 23 + 23 + 2 3
3! 7 ! 4! 5 ! 2!3 ! 5 ! 6 !3 ! Hence, answer is 615.
1 5 4
2 3 5 = 23 = 8
3 1 6 Hence, answer is 8.00.
and, for a 13 , 2n1 + n2 = 13 99 The coefficient of x 4 in the
expansion of (1 + x + x 2 ) 10 is….
Sequences and Series 119
07
Sequences and Series
TOPIC 1 4 digit number divisible by 21
02 Let a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ....... be an (a)P. If
Arithmetic Progression a 1 + a 2 + ... + a 10 100 1008, 1031, …, 9996
and Its Mean = , p ≠ 10, then Number of 4- digit number divisible by 21
a 1 + a 2 + .... + a p p2 9996 − 1008
= + 1 = 429
a 11 21
01 Let a 1 , a 2 , ……, a 21 be an AP such is equal to
20 a 10 ∴ Number of 4- digit numbers neither
1 4 [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
that Σ = . If the sum of 19 100 21 121 divisible by 7 nor 3
n=1 a a 9 (a) (b) (c) (d)
n n+ 1
21 121 19 100 = 9000 − 1286 − 3000 + 429 = 5143
this AP is 189, then a 6 a 16 is equal to
04 If log3 2,log3 (2 x − 5), log3 2 x −
Ans. (c) 7
[2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II] a 1 + a 2 + K + a 10
100 2
(a) 57 (b) 72 = 2
a1 + a2 + K + ap p are in an arithmetic progression,
(c) 48 (d) 36
S 10 100 S ⋅ p2 then the value of x is equal to
Ans. (b) ⇒ = 2 ⇒ S p = 10
Sp p 100 ………… . [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
Let d be the common difference of an AP
20 121 Ans. (3)
a 1 , a 2 , … ,a 21 and ∑
1
=
4 S 10 ⋅ − S 10
a 11 S 11 − S 10 100 7
n = 1 a na n + 1 9 = = log 3 2, log 3 (2x − 5), log 3 2x − → AP
20
a 10 S 10 − S 9 S − S ⋅ 81 2
1 4 10 10
⇒ ∑a ( + )
=
9 121
100
⇒ 2 log 3 (2x − 5) = log 3 2 + log 3 2x −
7
n= 1 n a n d
−1 2
1 21 7
1 20
1 4 = 100 =
⇒
d
∑ a − a + d = 9 1−
81 19 ⇒ log 3 (2x − 5) 2 = log 3 2 ⋅ 2x −
2
n= 1 n n
100
11 1 1 1 1 1 ⇒ (2x − 5) 2 = 2 ⋅ 2x − 7
⇒ − + − + …+ −
d a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 20 a 21 03 The number of 4-digit numbers ⇒ (2 ) + 25 − 10 ⋅ 2x − 2 ⋅ 2x + 7 = 0
x 2
which are neither multiple of 7 nor ⇒ (2x ) 2 − 12 ⋅ 2x + 32 = 0
4
= ⇒ (2x − 4) (2x − 8) = 0
9 multiple of 3 is
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] ⇒ 2x = 4 or 8 ⇒ x = 2 or 3
1 1 1 4
⇒ − = Ans. (5143) If x = 2, thenlog 3 (2x − 5) = log 3 (22 − 5)
d a 1 a 21 9
Total 4-digit number Here, argument is negative, so, x ≠ 2.
1 a 21 − a 1 4 Hence, x = 3
⇒ = 9 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 9000
a a = 9 ⇒ a 1a 21 = 45
d 1 21 π 7π
05 If tan , x, tan are in
4 -digit number divisible by 7
⇒ a 1 (a 1 + 20d) = 45 … (i) 1001, 1008, …, 9996 9 18
Also sum of first 21 terms = 189 Number of 4-digit number divisible by 7
21 arithmetic progression and
⇒ (2a 1 + 20d) = 189 9996 − 1001
= + 1 = 1286 π 5π
2 7 tan , y, tan are also in
⇒ a 1 + 10d = 9 … (ii) 9 18
4 -digit number divisible by 3
By Eqs. (i) and (ii), we geta 1 = 3, d = 3 / 5 1002, 1005, …, 9999 arithmetic progression, then
or a 1 = 15, d = −
3
Number of 4-digit number divisible by 3 | x − 2y | is equal to
5 [2021, 27 July Shift-II]
9999 − 1002
So, a 6a 16 = (a 1 + 5d) (a 1 + 15d) = 72 = + 1 = 3000 (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 1
3
120 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (c) Solving both equations, we get B = 3 and 1 A A1
⇒ = 0 +
π 7π A=5 α(α + 1) K (α + 20) α α + 1
If tan , x, tan are in AP.
9 18 ∴ S n = 5n2 + 3n + ... +
A20
1 π 7π ∴ S 20 − S 6 = 5(20 2 − 62 ) + 3(20 − 6) α + 20
So, x = tan + tan
2 9 18 = 5⋅26.14 + 3⋅ 14 A14 =
1
=
1
a+c = 14(130 + 3) = 14 × 133 = 1862 (− 14) (− 13) ...(− 1) (1) K (6) 14! 6!
(Qif a, b, c are in AP, so,b = ) 1 −1
2 A15 = =
π 5π
08 The sum of all the elements in the (− 15) (− 14) ...(− 1) (1) K (5) 15! 5!
And tan , y, tan are in AP. set { n∈ {1, 2,....100} : HCF of n and 1 −1
9 18 A13 = =
2040 is 1} is equal to ……… . (− 13) ...(− 1) (1) K (7) 13! 7 !
π 7π
Now, x − 2y = tan + tan
1
[2021, 22 July Shift-II] A14 − 13! 7 ! − 7 − 1
2 9 18 = = =
Ans. (1251) A13 14! 6! 14 2
π 5π
− tan + tan n∈{1, 2, 3, …… 100}
9 18 ⇒
A15
=
13! 7 !
=
42
=
1
2040 = 23 × 3 × 5 × 17 15! 5! 15 × 14 5
π π A13
cot − tan If HCF of n and 2040 is 1, n should not be
⇒ | x − 2y | = 9 9 − tan 5 π A
2
A
2
a multiple of 2, 3, 5, 17. 1 1
2 18 ∴100 14 + 15 = 100 − +
n∈{1, 7, 11, 13, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, A13 A13 2 5
53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 77, 79, 83, 89, 91, 97}
Qtan 5 π = cot 2 π
2
− 3
9
Σn = |1251| = 100 =9
18 10
7π π
and tan = cot 09 If sum of the first 21 terms of the
18 9
series 11 Let S 1 be the sum of first 2n terms
2π 2π
= cot − cot =0 log 9 x + log 9 x + log 9 x + ....,
1 /2 1 /3 1/4 of an arithmetic progression. Let
9 9
where x > 0 S2 be the sum of first 4n terms of
2 cot A 2 −1
Qcot 2A = 2 cot A is 504, then x is equal to the same arithmetic progression. If
[2021, 20 July Shift-II] (S2 − S 1 ) is 1000, then the sum of
06 Let S n be the sum of the first n (a) 243 (b) 9 the first 6n terms of the arithmetic
(c) 7 (d) 81 progression is equal to
terms of an arithmetic progression,
S Ans. (d) [2021, 18 March Shift-II]
If S3 n = 3S2 n , then the value of 4 n Let S = log 9 1 / 2 x + log 9 1 / 3 x + K (a) 1000 (b) 7000
S2 n
1 (c) 5000 (d) 3000
Using property,log a b x = log a x
is [2021, 25 July Shift-I] b Ans. (d)
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 8 S = 2 log 9 x + 3 log 9 x + K + 22log 9 x Given, S 1 = S 2 n and S 2 = S 4 n
Ans. (a) = log 9 x (2 + 3 + 4 + K + 22) and S 2 − S 1 = 1000 ⇒S 4 n − S 2 n = 1000
Let S n = An2 + Bn = n (An + B) S 3 n = 3S 2 n 21
= log 9 x (4 + 20) = log 9 x (21 × 12) 4n 2n
⇒ 3n [A (3n) + B ] = 3⋅2n⋅ [A (2n) + B ] 2 ⇒ [2a + (4n − 1)d] −
2 2
⇒ 3An + B = 4An + 2B ∴S = 252 log 9 x [2a + (2n − 1)d] = 1000
⇒ An + B = 0 Given, S = 504, then ⇒ 2n [2a + (4n − 1) d] − n
S 4 n 4n [A (4n) + B] 252 log 9 x = 504 [2a + (2n − 1)d] = 1000
∴ =
S 2 n 2n [A (2n) + B] ⇒ log 9 x = 2 ⇒ 2an + n(8n − 2 − 2n + 1)d = 1000
4An − An ⇒ x = (9) 2 = 81 ⇒ 2an + n(6n − 1)d = 1000
= 2
2An − An ⇒ n [2a + (6n − 1)d] = 1000
10 For k ∈ N, let ⇒
6n
S 6 n = [2a + (6n − 1) d]
= 2×3 = 6 20
Σ αA+ k,
1 2
= k
6
07 Let S n denote the sum of first n α (α + 1)(α + 2) ....(α + 20) k =0
= × (1000)
2
terms of an arithmetic progression. where α > 0. Then the value of
2 = 6 × 500 = 3000
If S 10 = 530, S 5 = 140, then S20 − S 6 A 14 + A 15
is equal to 100 is equal to …… .
[2021, 22 July Shift-II]
A 13 12 If the sum of first 11 terms of an
(a) 1862 (b) 1842 AP., a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ,... is 0 (a 1 ≠ 0), then
[2021, 20 July Shift-II]
(c) 1852 (d) 1872 the sum of the AP., a 1 , a 3 , a 5 ,..., a 23
Ans. (a) Ans. (9)
is ka 1 , where k is equal to
Given,
S n = An + Bn
2
20
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
1 A 121 121 72 72
S 10 = 100 A + 10 B = 530
α (α + 1) K + (α + 20)
= ∑ k ,α > 0 (a) − (b) (c) (d) −
k =0α + k 10 10 5 5
S 5 = 25A + 5B = 140
Sequences and Series 121
Ans. (d) ⇒ 5 [6 + 24d] = 4 [6 + 39d] 299 23 × 13
⇒ d= =
Let the ‘d’ is the common difference of ⇒ 30 + 120d = 24 + 156d n− 1 n− 1
the AP a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ,..... (a 1 ≠ 0), so sum of first ⇒ 36d = 6 ⇒ d =
1 Q d is an integer so n− 1 = 23, or 13
eleven terms is 6 ⇒ n = 24 or 14
S 11 = 0 [given] Hence, option (a) is correct. As it is given that, 15 ≤ n ≤ 50
11
⇒ [2a 1 + (11 − 1) d] = 0 So, n = 24 ⇒d = 13
2 15 If the sum of the series
⇒ a 1 + 5d = 0 …(i) ∴ S n− 4 = S 20 =
20
[2 + 19 × 13]
3 1 4
Now, it is given that 20 + 19 + 19 + 18 + ... upto nth 2
a 1 + a 3 + a 5 + .... + a 23 = ka 1 5 5 5 = 10 × 249 = 2490
⇒
12
[2a 1 + (12 − 1) (2d)] = ka 1
term is 488 and the nth term is and a n− 4 = a 20 = 1 + (19 × 13) = 248
2 negative, then ∴ The ordered pair (S n − 4 ,a n − 4 ) = (S 20 ,a 20 )
a
⇒ 6 2a 1 + 22 − 1 = 5a 1 [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II] = (2490, 248)
5 2
(a) nth term is −4 (b) nth term is − 4
[from Eq. (i)] 5 17 If 32 sin2 α − 1 , 14 and 3 4 −2 sin2 α are the
10a 1 − 22a 1
⇒ 6 = 5a 1 (c) n = 60 (d) n = 41 first three terms of an AP for some
5
72
Ans. (a) α, then the sixth term of this AP is
⇒ k=− Given series is [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
5
3 1 4 (a) 81 (b) 65 (c) 78 (d) 66
Hence, option (d) is correct. 20 + 19 + 19 + 18 + … upto nth term
5 5 5 Ans. (d)
= 488 First three terms of an AP are given as
13 The value of
n 2
(2 ⋅ 1P0 − 3 ⋅ 2 P1 + 4 ⋅ 3 P2 − ... up to 51th ⇒ (2 × 20) + (n − 1) − = 488 32 sin 2 α − 1 , 14, 34 − 2 sin 2 α
2 5 32 sin 2 α 34
term) + (1! − 2! + 3! − ... up to 51th ∴ 28 = + 2 sin 2 α
n20 + − = 488
1 n 3 3
term) is equal to ⇒
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I] 5 5 Let, 32 sin 2 α = x
⇒ n[101 − n] = 488 × 5 = 2440 x 81
(a) 1 − 51(51)! (b) 1 + (51)! So, 28 = +
(c) 1 + (52)! (d) 1 ⇒ n2 − 101n + 2440 = 0 3 x
⇒ n − 40 n − 61n + 2440 = 0
2 ⇒ x 2 − 84x + 243 = 0
Ans. (c)
⇒ (n − 40)(n − 61) = 0 ⇒ n = 40 or 61 ⇒ x − 81x − 3x + 243 = 0
2
n!
Since, n Pn − 1 = = n! ⇒ (x − 81)(x − 3) = 0 ⇒ x = 3, 81
Q T40 = 20 + 39 − = [100 − 78]
2 1
1!
5 5 ⇒ 32 sin 2 α = 31 or 34 ⇒ 2 sin2α = 1 or 4
So, (2⋅ 1 P0 − 3⋅ 2 P1 + 4 3 P2 ... upto 51th term)
22 1
+ (1! − 2! + 3!... upto 51th term) = >0 ⇒ sin2α = [Q sin2α ∈[−1, 1]]
5 2
= (2 (1!) − 3(2!) + 4 (3!) .... upto 51th term)
andT61 = 20 + 60 − = [100 − 120]
2 1 So, first three terms of given AP are 1, 14,
+ (1! − 2! + 3!.... upto 51th term) 5 5 27
= (2! − 3! + 4!... + (52) !) ∴Sixth term, a 6 = 1 + (6 − 1) 13
= −4< 0
+ (1! − 2! + 3! − ... + (51) !) = 1 + 65 = 66.
Qnth term is negative, so value of ‘n’ is 61
= 1 + (52) ! and value of nth term is −4.
Hence, option (c) is correct. Hence, option (a) is correct. 18 The common difference of the AP
b 1 , b2 , K, b m is 2 more than the
14 If the first term of an AP is 3 and 16 Let a 1 , a 2 ,…, a n be a given AP. common difference of AP
the sum of its first 25 terms is a 1 , a 2 ,...,a n . If a 40 = − 159,
equal to the sum of its next 15 Whose common difference is an
a 100 = − 399 and b 100 = a 70 , then b 1 is
terms, then the common integer and S n = a 1 + a 2 +…+ a n . If
equal to [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
difference of this AP is a 1 = 1, a n = 300 and 15 ≤ n ≤ 50, then
(a) 81 (b) −127 (c) −81 (d) 127
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I] the ordered pair (S n − 4 , a n − 4 ) is
Ans. (c)
1 1 1 1 equal to [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II]
(a) (b) (c) (d) Let the common difference of AP,
6 5 4 7 (a) (2490, 249) (b) (2480, 249) a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , ...,a n is ‘d ’, the common
Ans. (a) (c) (2480, 248) (d) (2490, 248) difference of the AP,b 1 , b 2 , b 3 , ...,b m is ‘
Let the common difference of the AP Ans. (d) d + 2 ’.
having first term as 3 is ‘d’, so according to For the given AP. Q a 40 = − 159 and a 100 = − 399
the question n n ⇒ a 1 + 39d = − 159 ...(i)
S 25 = S 40 − S 25 ⇒2S 25 = S 40 S n = [a 1 + a n ] = [1 + 300] …(i)
2 2 and a 1 + 99d = − 399 ...(ii)
25
⇒2× [(2 × 3) + (25 − 1)d] As, a 1 = 1 and a n = 300 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2
and 300 = 1 + (n – 1)d, whered is the 60d = − 240 ⇒ d = − 4
40
= [(2 × 3) + (40 − 1)d] common difference of AP. and a1 = − 3
2
122 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Now, as b 100 = a 70 Q Sum of first n-terms of AP. 2sin B = sin A + sinC
⇒ b 1 + 99(d + 2) = a 1 + 69d
n
S n = [2a + (n − 1)d] ⇒ 2 sin( π − 3θ) = sinθ + sin2θ
2 [From Eq. (ii)]
⇒ b 1 = − 198 − 30d − 3
= 10 [6 + (19 × 5)] + 10 [8 + (19 × 5)] ⇒ 2 sin3 θ = sinθ + sin2 θ
⇒ b 1 = − 201 + 120
= 60 + 950 + 80 + 950 ⇒2 [3 sinθ − 4 sin3 θ] = sinθ + 2 sinθ cosθ
⇒ b 1 = − 81
= 2040 = 102 m (given) ⇒ 6 − 8 sin2 θ = 1 + 2 cosθ
⇒ m = 20 [Qsinθ can not be zero]
19 Five numbers are in AP., whose
⇒ 6 − 8(1 − cos2 θ) = 1 + 2 cosθ
sum is 25 and product is 2520. If ⇒ 8 cos2 θ − 2 cosθ − 3 = 0
1 21 The number of terms common to 3
one of these five numbers is − , ⇒ (2 cosθ + 1)(4 cosθ − 3) = 0 ⇒ cosθ =
2 the two AP.s 3, 7, 11, …, 407 and 4
1
2, 9, 16, ...., 709 is ..... . or cosθ = − (rejected).
then the greatest number amongst 2
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
them is [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] Clearly, the ratio of sides isa :b : c
21 Ans. (14)
(a) 7 (b) 16 (c) 27 (d) = sinθ : sin3θ : sin2θ
2 Given AP.s are 3, 7, 11, ..., 407 and 2, 9,16,
= sinθ : (3 sinθ − 4 sin3 θ) :2 sinθ cosθ
...,709
Ans. (b) = 1 : (3 − 4 sin2 θ) :2 cosθ
The terms, which are common in above
Let five numbers, which are in AP. is AP.s are also in an AP have common = 1 : (4 cos2 θ − 1) :2 cosθ
a − 2d, a − d, a, a + d, a + 2d. difference =LCM {d 1 , d 2 } 5 6
= 1 : : = 4 : 5 :6
According to given information, (where d 1 and d 2 are common differences 4 4
5a = 25 ⇒a = 5 of given two AP.s)
and a (a 2 − d 2 )(a 2 − 4d 2 ) = 2520 and LCM {4, 7} = 28 = d (let) 23 Let the sum of the first n terms of a
⇒ 5(25 − d )(25 − 4d ) = 2520
2 2
Now, let mth term of first AP is first non-constant AP a 1 , a 2 , a 3 .....be
common term of second AP, which is nth n(n − 7)
⇒ (d 2 − 25)(4d 2 − 25) = 504 50n + A, where A is a
term of second AP. 2
⇒ 4d 4 − 125d 2 + 625 = 504
So, 3 + (m − 1)4 = 2 + (n − 1) 7 constant. If d is the common
⇒ 4d 4 − 125d 2 + 121 = 0 ⇒ 4m − 1 = 7 n − 5 difference of this AP, then the
⇒ 4d − 4d 2 − 121d 2 + 121 = 0
4
⇒ 7 n − 4m = 4 ordered pair (d, a 50 ) is equal to
⇒ 4d 2 (d 2 − 1) − 121(d 2 − 1) = 0 So, m =6 and n =4 [2019, 9 April Shift-I]
121
⇒ d 2 = 1, So, first term which is common, is
(a) (A, 50 + 46A)
4 3 + (6 − 1)4 = 23
11 (b) (50, 50 + 45A)
⇒ d = ± 1, ± Now, let there are p terms common to
(c) (50, 50 + 46A)
2 the two given AP.s, so23 + (p − 1)28 ≤ 407
(d) (A, 50 + 45A)
If d = 1, then terms are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and ⇒ 28p≤ 412
Ans. (a)
if d = − 1, then terms are 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, and ⇒ p≤ 14 . 7
11 1 21 Key Idea Use the formula of sum of first
if d = , then terms are −6, − , 5, , 16. So, p = 14 , therefore 14 terms are n
2 2 2 common to the two given AP.s. nterms of AP, i.e Sn = [2a + (n − 1) d]
2
11 Hence answer is 14.
When a = 5 and d = ± , then one of Given AP, isa 1 , a 2 , a 3 ,… having sum of first
2
1 n-terms
these five numbers of AP. is − and the 22 If the lengths of the sides of a n
2 triangle are in AP and the greatest = [2a 1 + (n − 1)d]
greatest number amongst them is 16. 2
angle is double the smallest, then a [where,d is the common difference of AP]
ratio of lengths of the sides of this
20 If the sum of the first 40 terms of n(n − 7)
triangle is [2019, 8 April Shift-II] = 50 n + A (given)
the series, 2
(a) 3 : 4 : 5 (b) 4 : 5 : 6
3 + 4 + 8 + 9 + 13 + 14 + 18 + 19 + ... is 1 n− 7
c) 5 : 9 : 13 (d) 5 : 6 : 7 ⇒ [2a 1 + (n − 1)d] = 50 + A
(102)m, them m is equal to 2 2
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II] Ans. (b)
1 7 n
(a) 10 (b) 25 (c) 5 (d) 20 Let a, b and c be the lengths of sides of a ⇒ [2a 1 + nd − d] = 50 − A + A
2 2 2
Ans. (d) ∆ABC such that a < b < c.
d nd 7 n
Given series of 40 terms is
Since, sides are in AP. ⇒ a1 − + = 50 − A + A
∴ 2b = a + c …(i) 2 2 2 2
3 + 4 + 8 + 9 + 13 + 14 + 18 + 19 + …+ upto 40
terms Let ∠A = θ On comparing corresponding term, we
= (3 + 8 + 13 + 18 + … + upto 20 terms) Then, C = 2θ get
d 7
+ (4 + 9 + 14 + 19 + … + upto 20 terms) [according to the question] d = A and a 1 − = 50 − A
2 2
20 20
= [(2 × 3) + (20 − 1) 5] + [(2 × 4) So, B = π − 3θ …(ii) A 7
2 2 ⇒ a 1 − = 50 − A [Q d = A]
On applying sine rule in Eq. (i), we get 2 2
+ (20 − 1) 5]
Sequences and Series 123
⇒ a 1 = 50 − 3A at d = , f ′ ′ d = = −
So the first three terms of the AP are 2 2 120
+ 68 = 28 > 0,
either 7, 11, 15 or 15, 11, 7. 3 3 3
So a 50 =a 1 + 49d
So, the 11th term is either 7 + (10 × 4) = 47 8
= (50 − 3A) + 49A [Q d = A] and at d = ,
or 15 + (10 × (−4)) = − 25. 5
= 50 + 46A
f ′ ′ d = = −
8 480
+ 68 = − 28 < 0
Therefore, (d, a 50 ) = (A, 50 + 46A) 5 5
26 If a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ,...,a n are in AP and
So, at d = 8 / 5, producta 1a 4a 5 is
24 Some identical balls are arranged in a 1 + a 4 + a 7 + ... + a 16 = 114 , then maximum.
rows to form an equilateral triangle. a 1 + a 6 + a 11 + a 16 is equal to
[2019, 10 April Shift-I] 28 Let S n denote the sum of the first n
The first row consists of one ball,
(a) 64 (b) 76 (c) 98 (d) 38
the second row consists of two terms of an AP. If S 4 = 16 and
Ans. (b)
balls and so on. If 99 more identical S 6 = − 48, then S 10 is equal to
balls are added to the total number Key Idea Use nth term of an AP i.e. [2019, 12 April Shift-I]
of balls used in forming the an = a + (n − 1) d, simplify the given (a) − 260 (b) − 410 (c) − 320 (d) − 380
equation and use result.
equilateral triangle, then all these Ans. (c)
balls can be arranged in a square Given AP isa 1 , a 2 , a 3 , … ,a n Given S n denote the sum of the first n
whose each side contains exactly 2 Let the above AP has common terms of an AP.
balls less than number of balls each difference ‘d’, thena 1 + a 4 + a 7 + … + a 16 Let first term and common difference of
side of the triangle contains. Then, = a 1 + (a 1 + 3d) + (a 1 + 6d) + … + (a 1 + 15d) the AP be ‘a’ and ‘d’, respectively.
the number of balls used to form = 6a 1 + (3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15)d ∴ S 4 = 2[2a + 3d] = 16 (given)
the equilateral triangle is = 6a 1 + 45d = 114 (given) n
QS = [2a + (n − 1)d]
[2019, 9 April Shift-II]
n 2
⇒ 2a 1 + 15d = 38 …(i)
(a) 262 (b) 190 (c) 225 (d) 157 Now, a 1 + a 6 + a 11 + a 16 ⇒ 2a + 3d = 8 … (i)
Ans. (b) = a 1 + (a 1 + 5d) + (a 1 + 10d) + (a 1 + 15d) and S 6 = 3[2a + 5d] = − 48 [given]
Let there are n balls used to form the ⇒ 2a + 5d = − 16 … (ii)
= 4a 1 + 30d = 2(2a 1 + 15d) = 2 × 38 = 76
sides of equilateral triangle. On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), we get
[from Eq. (i)]
According to the question, we have 2d = − 24
n(n + 1) 27 Let a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ,K be an AP with ⇒ d = − 12
+ 99 = (n − 2) 2
2 So, 2a = 44 [put d = −12in Eq. (i)]
⇒ n2 + n + 198 = 2 [n2 − 4n + 4]
a 6 = 2. Then, the common
Now, S 10 = 5[2a + 9d]
⇒ n2 − 9n − 190 = 0 difference of this AP, which
5 [44 + 9 (−12)] = 5[44 − 108] = 5 × (− 64)
⇒ n2 − 19n + 10 n − 190 = 0 maximises the product a 1 , a 4 , a 5 , is
= − 320
⇒ (n − 19)(n + 10) = 0 [2019, 10 April Shift-II]
⇒ n = 19, − 10 8 2 3 6 29 If a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ,... are in AP such that
(a) (b) (c) (d)
⇒ n = 19 [Qnumber of balls n> 0] 5 3 2 5
a 1 + a 7 + a 16 = 40, then the sum of
Now, number of balls used to form an Ans. (a)
n(n + 1) the first 15 terms of this AP is
equilateral triangle is Given, the termsa 1 , a 2 , a 3 , K , are an AP. [2019, 12 April Shift-II]
2 Let the common difference of this AP is ‘
19 × 20 (a) 200 (b) 280 (c) 120 (d) 150
= = 190 d’ and first terma 1 = a, then
2 a 6 = a + 5d = 2 (given) … (i) Ans. (a)
Now, a 1 , a 4 , a 5 Let the common difference of given AP
25 If the sum and product of the first = a (a + 3d) (a + 4d) is ‘d’.
three terms in an AP are 33 and = (2 − 5d) (2 − 2d) (2 − d) [from Eq. (i)] Since, a 1 + a 7 + a 16 = 40
1155, respectively, then a value of ∴ a 1 + a 1 + 6d + a 1 + 15d = 40
= (4 − 14d + 10d 2 ) (2 − d)
its 11th term is [2019, 9 April Shift-II] [Qa n = a 1 + (n − 1) d]
= 8 − 4d − 28d + 14d 2 + 20d 2 − 10d 3
(a) 25 (b) –36 (c) –25 (d) –35 ⇒ 3a 1 + 21d = 40
= − 10d 3 + 34d 2 − 32d + 8 = f (d) (let) …(i)
Ans. (c)
On differentiatingf (d) w.r.t.d, we get Now, sum of first 15 terms is given by
Let first three terms of an AP asa − d, a, 15
f ′ (d) = − 30d 2 + 68d − 32 S 15 = [2a 1 + (15 − 1) d]
a + d. 2
For maxima or minima,f ′ (d) = 0
So, 3a = 33 ⇒ a = 11 15
⇒ − 30d 2 + 68d − 32 = 0 = [2a 1 + 14d] = 15 [a 1 + 7d]
[given sum of three terms =33 2
⇒ 15d 2 − 34d + 16 = 0
and product of terms = 1155] From Eq. (i), we have
⇒ 15d − 24d − 10d + 16 = 0
2
⇒ (11 − d) 11 (11 + d) = 1155 [given] 40
⇒ 3d (5d − 8) − 2(5d − 8) = 0 a 1 + 7d =
⇒ 112 − d 2 = 105 2 8 3
⇒ d 2 = 121 − 105 = 16 ⇒ d= , 40
3 5 So, S 15 = 15 × = 5 × 40 = 200
⇒ d = ±4 and f ′ ′ (d) = − 60d + 68 3
124 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
30 Let a 1 , a 2 ,.....a 30 be an AP, 32 The sum of all two digit positive (a) b, c and a are in GP
30 15 numbers which when divided by (b) b, c and a are in AP
S = ∑ a i an(d)T = ∑ a (2i − 1) If a 5 = 27 7 yield 2 or 5 as remainder is (c) a, b and c are in AP
i =1 i =1 [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] (d) a, b and c are in GP
and S − 2T = 75, then a 10 is (a) 1256 (b) 1465 (c) 1356 (d) 1365 Ans. (a)
equal to [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I] Ans. (c) We have,
(a) 42 (b) 57 Clearly, the two digit number which 225a 2 + 9b 2 + 25c 2 − 75ac − 45ab
(c) 52 (d) 47 leaves remainder 2 when divided by 7 is − 15bc = 0
Ans. (c) of the form N = 7 k + 2 [by Division ⇒ (15a) 2 + (3b) 2 + (5c) 2 − (15a)(5c)
We have, S = a 1 + a 2 + … + a 30 Algorithm] − (15a)(3b) − (3b)(5c) = 0
= 15 [2a 1 + 29d] …(i) For, k = 2, N = 16 1
⇒ [(15a − 3b) + (3b − 5c) 2
2
(where d is the common difference) k = 3, N = 23 2
n M M + (5c − 15a) 2 ] = 0
QS = [2a + (n − 1) d]
n 2 k = 13, N = 93 ⇒ 15a = 3b, 3b = 5c and 5c = 15a
and T = a 1 + a 3 + … + a 29 ∴12 such numbers are possible and a b c
∴ 15a = 3b = 5c ⇒ = = = λ (say)
15 these numbers forms an AP. 1 5 3
= [2a 1 + 14 × 2d)]
2 12 ⇒ a = λ, b = 5λ, c = 3λ
Now, S = [16 + 93] = 654
(Qcommon difference is2d) 2 Hence,a,b and c are in AP.
⇒ 2T = 15 [2a 1 + 28d] …(ii) n
QS n = (a + l ) 35 If 100 times the 100th term of an AP
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 2
S − 2T = 15d = 75 [QS − 2T = 75] with non-zero common difference
Similarly, the two digit number which
⇒ d=5 leaves remainder 5 when divided by 7 is
equal to the 50 times its 50th term,
Now, a 10 = a 5 + 5d = 27 + 25 = 52 of the form N = 7 k + 5
then the 150th term of this AP is
[AIEEE 2012]
For k = 1, N = 12
31 Let a, b and c be the 7th and 13th (a) –150
k = 2, N = 19
(b) 150 times its 50th term
terms respectively of a M (c) 150
non-constant AP. If these are also k = 13, N = 96
(d) zero
the three consecutive terms of a ∴13 such numbers are possible and
a Ans. (d)
GP, then is equal to these numbers also forms an AP.
c Given 100 times the 100th term of an AP
13
[2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II] Now, S ′ = [12 + 96] = 702 = 50 times its 50th term.
2
7 1 To find The 150th term of the same AP.
(a) 2 (b) (c) 4 (d) n
13 2 QS n = (a + l ) Let a be the first term andd (d ≠ 0) be the
Ans. (c) 2 common difference of the given AP, then
Let A be the Ist term of AP andd be the Total sum = S + S ′ = 654 + 702 = 1356 T100 = a + (100 − 1) d = a + 99d,
common difference. T50 = a + (50 − 1) d = a + 49d,
∴ 7th term = a = A + 6d 33 If 19th term of a non-zero AP is T150 = a + (150 − 1) d = a + 149d
[Qnth term = A + (n − 1)d] zero, then its (49th term) : (29th Now, according to the given data,
11th term = b = A + 10d term) is [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
100 × T100 = 50 × T50
13th term = c = A + 12d (a) 1 : 3 (b) 4 : 1 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 3 : 1 ⇒ 100 (a + 99d) = 50 (a + 49d)
Qa, b, c are also in GP Ans. (d) ⇒ 2 (a + 99d) = (a + 49d)
∴ b 2 = ac Let t n be the nth term of given AP. Then, ⇒ 2a + 198d = a + 49d
⇒ (A + 10 d) 2 = (A + 6d) (A + 12d) we havet 19 = 0 ⇒ a + 149d = 0
⇒A + 20 Ad + 100 d 2 = A 2 + 18Ad + 72d 2
2 ⇒ a + (19 − 1)d = 0 [Qt n = a + (n − 1)d] ∴ T150 = 0
⇒ 2Ad + 28d 2 = 0 ⇒ a + 18d = 0 …(i)
⇒ 2d (A + 14d) = 0 t 49 a + 48d − 18d + 48d 36 A man saves ` 200 in each of the
Now, = =
⇒ d = 0 or A + 14d = 0 t 29 a + 28d − 18d + 28d first three months of his service. In
But d ≠0 [using Eq. (i)] each of the subsequent months, his
30d
[Qthe series is non constant AP] = = 3:1 saving increases by ` 40 more than
⇒ A = − 14d 10d
the saving of immediately previous
∴ a = A + 6d = − 14d + 6d = − 8d 34 For any three positive real numbers month. His total saving from the
and c = A + 12d = − 14d + 12d = − 2d
a, b and c, if start of service will be ` 11040 after
a − 8d
⇒ = =4 9 (25a 2 + b2 ) + 25 (c 2 − 3ac) [AIEEE 2011]
c − 2d
= 15b (3a + c), then [JEE Main 2017] (a) 19 months (b) 20 months
(c) 21 months (d) 18 months
Sequences and Series 125
Ans. (c) 39 LetT r be the rth term of an AP Ans. (a)
Let the time taken to save ` 11040 be
whose first term is a and common Let f (x) = Ax 2 + Bx + C
(n + 3) months. For first three months, he ∴ f (1) = A + B + C
saves ` 200 each month. In (n + 3) difference is d. If for some positive
1 and f (−1) = A − B + C
months, integers m, n, m ≠ n,T m = , and
n n Q f (1) = f (−1) [given]
3 × 200 + {2 (240) + (n − 1) × 40 } = 11040
2 1 ⇒ A+ B+C =A−B+C
T n = , then a − d is the equal to
n
⇒ 600 + {40 (12 + n − 1)} = 11040 m ⇒ 2B = 0 ⇒ B = 0
2 [AIEEE 2004] ∴ f (x) = Ax 2 + C
⇒ 600 + 20 n (n + 11) = 11040 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c)
1
(d)
1
+
1 ⇒ f ′ (x) = 2 Ax
⇒ 30 + n2 + 11 n = 552 mn m n ∴ f ′ (a) = 2 Aa , f ′ (b) = 2 Ab
⇒ n2 + 11n − 522 = 0 Ans. (a) and f ′ (c) = 2 Ac
1
⇒ n + 29n − 18n − 522 = 0
2
Given that, Tm = Also, a, b, c are in AP.
n
⇒ n (n + 29) − 18 (n + 29) = 0 So, 2 Aa , 2 Ab and 2Ac are in AP.
1
⇒ (n − 18) (n + 29) = 0 ⇒ a + (m − 1) d = …(i) Hence,f ′ (a), f ′ (b) and f ′ (c) are also in AP.
n
∴ n = 18, n = − 29, neglecting and Tn =
1
⇒ a + (n − 1) d =
1
…(ii)
∴ Total time = (n + 3) = 21 months m m 42 If 1, log3 (3 1 − x + 2) , log3 (4 ⋅ 3 x − 1)
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get are in AP. Then, x is equal to
37 The sum of the series a =d =
1
∴ a −d =0 [AIEEE 2002]
1 1 1 mn (a) log 3 4 (b) 1 − log 3 4
− + − . . . upto infinity is
2! 3! 4! [AIEEE 2007]
(c) 1 − log 4 3 (d) log 4 3
1 1
40 The sum of the first n terms of the Ans. (b)
−
(a) e −2 (b) e −1 (c) e 2
(d) e 2 series
Since, 1,log 3 31 − x + 2 ,log 3 (4⋅3 x − 1) are
Ans. (b) 12 + 2 ⋅ 22 + 32 + 2 ⋅ 42 + 52 + 2 ⋅ 62 + . . . is
1 1 1 n (n + 1) 2 in AP.
− + −K , when n is even. When n is ∴ 2log 3 (31 − x + 2) 1 / 2 = log 3 3
2! 3! 4! 2 + log 3 (4⋅3 x − 1)
1 1 1 odd, the sum is
= 1− 1+ − + − ... = e −1 [AIEEE 2004]
⇒ log 3 (31 − x + 2) = log 3 3 (4⋅3 x − 1)
2! 3! 4! 3n (n + 1) n 2 (n + 1)
(a) (b) ⇒ 31 − x + 2 = 12⋅3 x − 3
2 2 3
38 If a 1 , a 2 ,. . ., a n are in HP, then the n (n + 1) 2
2 ∴ + 2 = 12t − 3 [let 3 x = t]
n (n + 1) t
(c) (d)
expression a 1a 2 + a 2a 3 + . . . + an − 1an is 4 2
⇒ 12t 2 − 5t − 3 = 0
equal to [AIEEE 2006] Ans. (b) ⇒ (3t + 1)(4t − 3) = 0
(a) (n − 1)(a1 − an) (b) na 1an Given that, the sum of n terms of given ⇒ t=− ,
1 3
⇒ 3x =
3
(c) (n − 1) a1an (d) n (a1 − an) n(n + 1) 2 3 4 4
series is , if n is even. Let n be [since, 3 x cannot be negative]
Ans. (c) 2
3
Since,a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ,..., a n are in HP. odd ⇒ log 3 = x ∴ x = 1 − log 3 4
1 1 1 1 i.e, n=2m+ 1 4
∴ , , ,..., are in AP.
a1 a2 a3 an Then, S 2 m +1 = S 2 m + (2 m + 1)th term
Let d be the common difference of AP. ( n − 1) n2 TOPIC 2
= + nth term
∴
1
−
1
=d
2 Geometric Progression and
a2 a1 Qn = 2m + 1 its Mean, Relation between
⇒ 2m = n − 1
⇒ a 1 − a 2 = a 1a 2 d AM and GM
Similarly, a 2 − a 3 = a 2 a 3d ( n − 1) n 2
2 n − 1 + 2
= + n =n
2
… … … … … 2 2
43 Three numbers are in an increasing
… … … … … (n + 1) n2
= geometric progression with
a n − 1 − a n = a n − 1a nd 2
common ratio r. If the middle
On adding all of these, we get
a 1 − a n = d (a 1a 2 + a 2 a 3 + ... + a n − 1a n ) …(i) 41 Let f (x) be a polynomial function of number is doubled, then the new
1 1 a1 − an second degree. If f (1) = f (−1) and numbers are in an arithmetic
Also, = + (n − 1) d ⇒ d =
an a1 a 1a n (n − 1) a , b, c are in AP, thenf ′ (a), f ′ (b) and progression with common
f ′ (c) are in [AIEEE 2003] difference d. If the fourth term of
On putting the value ofd in Eq. (i), we get
a 1 − an (a) AP GP is 3r 2 , then r 2 − d is equal to
a 1 −a n = (a 1a 2 + a 2 a 3 + ... [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
a 1a n (n − 1) (b) GP
+ a n − 1a n ) (a) 7 − 7 3 (b) 7 + 3
(c) HP
⇒ a 1a 2 + a 2 a 3 + ... + a n − 1a n = a 1a n (n − 1) (d) Arithmetic-Geometric progression (c) 7 − 3 (d) 7 + 3 3
126 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
1
Ans. (b) 45 If x, y ∈R, x > 0 Put x = , we get
a 2
Let three numbers be , a, ar.
r y = log 10 x + log 10 x 1/3 + log 10 x 1/ 9 +… y = 1 − ln2
According to the question,
upto ∞ terms and Then, e 1 + y = e 1 + 1 − ln 2 = e 2 − ln 2
a
, 2a, ar → AP
2 + 4 + 6 +…+ 2y 4 = e 2 . e ln 2
−1
= , then the
r 3 + 6 + 9 +…+ 3y log 10 x 1
= e2
a 1
4a = ar + ⇒ r + =4 ordered pair (x, y) is equal to 2
r r
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I]
⇒ r 2 −4r + 1 = 0 ⇒ r = 2 ± 3 6 47 If the sum of an infinite GP
(a) (10 , 6) (b) (104, 6)
T4 of GP = 3r 2 a, ar, ar 2 , ar 3 ,... is 15 and the sum of
(c) (102 , 3) (d) (106 , 9)
3r 2 = ar 2 the squares of its each term is 150,
Ans. (d)
a =3 then the sum of ar 2 , ar 4 , ar 6 , … is
2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 2y 4
r =2+ 3 Given, =
3 + 6 + 9 + K + 3y log 10 x [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
a a. 5/2 b. 1/2 c. 25/2 d. 9/2
d = 2a − = 3 3 2( 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + y ) 4
r ⇒ = Ans. (b)
3( 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + y ) log 10 x
r 2 − d = (2 + 3) 2 − 3 3 We have, sum of infinite GPa, ar, ar 2 , Kis
2 4
= 7 + 4 3 −3 3 = 7 + 3 ⇒ = ⇒log 10 x = 6 a
3 log 10 x S∞ = = 15 …(i)
1− r
44 If 0 < x < 1, then ⇒ x = 10 6
1 1 and sum of infinite GPa 2 , a 2 r 2 , a 2 r 4 ,Kis
3 2 5 3 7 4 Now, y = log 10 x + log 10 x 3 + log 10 x 9 + ... a2
x + x + x + ……, is equal to S '∞ = = 150
2 3 4 upto ∞ terms. 1− r2
1 1
⇒
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] a a
= log 10 x ⋅ x 3 ⋅ x 9 ... ∞ terms = 150 …(ii)
1 + x 1− r 1+ r
(a) x + log e (1 − x)
1 − x 1 +
1
+
1
+ K ∞ terms Divide Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i)
= log 10 x 3 9
a
1 − x = 10 …(iii)
(b) x + log e (1 − x) 1
1+ r
1 + x 1−
1
= log 10 x 3
= log 10 x 3 / 2 Divide Eq. (iii) by Eq. (i)
1− x 1 − r 10 2
(c) + log e (1 − x) 3 = =
1+ x 1 + r 15 3
=log 10 (10 6 ) 2 [Qx = 10 6 ]
1+ x ⇒ 3 − 3r = 2 + 2r
(d) + log e (1 − x) 3
1− x ⇒ y =6× =9 1
2 ⇒ 1 = 5r ⇒ r =
Ans. (a) 5
∴ x = 10 6 , y = 9 1
We have, (x, y) = (10 6 , 9) Now, putting r = in Eq. (iii), we get
5
3 2 5 3 7 4
x + x + x + .... a
= 10
2 3 4 46 If 0 < x < 1 and 1
1 1+
= 2 − x 2 + 2 − x 3 + 2 − x 4 + ...
1 1 1 2 3 5
2 3 4 y = x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + ... then the
2 3 4 5a
⇒ = 10 ⇒ a = 12
x2 x3 x4 1 6
= 2(x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + ...) − + + + ... value of e 1+ y
at x = is
2 3 4 2 Now, sum of ar 2 , ar 4 , ar 6 ,..., ∞
x2 [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II] 1
= 2⋅ − [− log e ( 1 − x) − x ] 12⋅
1− x 1
(a) e 2 (b) 2e (c)
1
e (d) 2 e 2 ar 2 25 1
a 2 2 S ∞′′ = = =
[using sum of infinite GP = and 1− r2 24 2
1− r Ans. (a) 25
logarithmic series] 1 2 3
y = x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + ...
2x 2 2 3 4 48 Let a 1 , a 2 …… , a 10 be an AP with
= + x + log e ( 1 − x )
1− x 1 2 1 3 1 4
⇒ y = 1 − x + 1− x + 1− x + . common difference −3 and
2 3 4
b 1 , b2 ,……, b 10 be a GP with common
2x + x − x
2 2
x2 x3 x4
= + log e (1 − x) ratio 2.
1− x = (x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + ...) − + + + ...
2 3 4 Let c k = a k + b k , k = 1, 2 , …… , 10. If
x2 + x
= + log e (1 − x) x2 x2 x3 x4 c 2 = 12 and
1− x = + x − x + + + ....
1− x 2 3 4 10
1+ x c 3 = 13, then ∑ c k is equal to
= x + log e ( 1 − x ) x
1− x ∴ y= + ln(1 − x) k =1
1− x [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
Sequences and Series 127
Ans. (2021) Ans. (7) 5m + 6 = 2n + 1
∞ ∞ n+1
an an So, (2 − 6) should be a multiple of 5.
a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ,..., a 10 arein APcommon Let ∑ = x i.e. ∑ =x
difference = −3 n= 1 23 n n= 1 8n The unit digit of2 k is 2, 4, 6, 8.
b 1 , b 2 , b 3 ,..., b 10 arein GPcommon ratio = 2 Given,a n + 2 = 2a n + 1 + a n So, when 6 is subtracted from2n + 1 , the
Since,c k = a k + b k , k = 1, 2, 3 ....., 10 possible unit digits will be 6, 8, 0, 2.
Divide the whole by 8n ,
∴ c 2 = a 2 + b 2 = 12 a n + 2 2a n + 1 a n Only 0 is divisible by 5.
= + n Hence,2n + 1 unit digit has to be 6.
c 3 = a 3 + b 3 = 13 8n 8n 8
Now, c 3 − c 2 = 1 an + 2 a 2n + 1 = 24 , 28 , 212 , 216 …
a
⇒ (a 3 − a 2 ) + (b 3 − b 2 ) ≠ 1 ⇒ 8 ⋅ n + 2 = 8 ⋅ 2 nn ++ 11 + nn ⇒
2
As, 216 will not be a 4 digit number, so,
8 8 8
⇒ −3 + (2b 2 − b 2 ) ≠ 1 common terms = { 16, 256, 4096}
an + 2 an + 1 an
⇒ b2 = 4 64 n + 2 = 16 n + 1 + n ∴Number of common terms = 3
8 8 8
∴ a2 = 8 1 1 1
Now, take the summation, 52 Let , a and b be in G. P. and , , 6
So, AP is 11, 8, 5, .... ∞ a ∞ a ∞ 16 a b
an
and GP is 2, 4, 8, .... 64 ∑ nn ++ 22 = 16 ∑ nn ++ 11 + ∑8 n be in (a) P., where a, b > 0. Then,
10 10 10 n= 1 8 n= 1 8 n= 1
Now, Σ C k = Σ a k + Σ b k
k =1 k =1 k =1 ∞
...(i) 72(a + b) is equal to ……… .
a
10 2 − 1
= [22 + 9(−3)] + 2
10 Q ∑ 8nn = x [2021, 16 March Shift-II]
2
n= 1 Ans. (14)
2− 1
a1 a2 a3 a4 1
= 5(22 − 27) + 2(1023) i.e. + + + + K= x Given, GP = , a, b
8 82 83 84 16
= 2046 − 25 = 2021 b
a3 a4 a a ⇒ a2 =
⇒ + 4 + K = x − 1 − 22
49 If the value of 83 8 8 8 16
log ( 0 .25 ) + 2 + 3 + ...... upto ∞
1 1 1 ∞ a
a1 a2 and given, AP = 1 /a, 1 /b, 6
2 6 10 ∑ n + 2 = x − 8 − 82
n+2
3 3 3 ⇒ ...(ii)
1 + + 2 + 3
2 1
n= 1 8 ⇒ = +6
3 3 3
a a a
b a
+ .... upto ∞ Again, 22 + 33 + K = x − 1 ⇒
2 1
= +6
8 8 8 16a 2 a
is l, then l 2 is equal to …… . ∞ a
a 1 + 6a
∑ n + 1 = x − 81 1
n+1
[2021, 25 July Shift-I] ⇒ ...(iii) ⇒ =
n= 1 8 8a 2 a
Ans. (3)
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), ⇒ 1 = 8a (1 + 6a)
Let l = αβ a a a ⇒ 1 = 48a 2 + 8a
2 6 10 64 x − 1 − 2 = 16 x − 1 + x
α = 1 + + 2 + 3 + .... ∞ …(i) 8 64 8 ⇒ 48a + 8a − 1 = 0
2
3 3 3
α 1 2 6 Use a 1 = 1 = a 2 ⇒ (4a + 1) (12a − 1) = 0
= + + + ..... …(ii)
3 3 32 33 1 1 1 a = − 1 /4 or 1/12
64 x − − = 16 x − + x
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), 8 64 8 As per the question,a > 0
2α 1 4 4
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + ..... ⇒ 64x − 9 = 2(8x − 1) + x ∴ a = 1 / 12
3 3 3 3 1 1
⇒ 64x − 16x − x = 9 − 2 ⇒ 47 x = 7 b = 16a 2 = 16⋅ =
144 9
4 1 ∴
a
47 ∑ 3nn = 7
= =2 1 1
31− 1 2 ∴ 72(a + b) = 72 +
12 9
3
∴ α =3 51 Consider an arithmetic series and a =6+ 8
geometric series having four initial = 14
β = log 0 .25 + 2 + ....
1 1
3 3 terms from the set {11, 8, 21, 16, 26,
1 32, 4}. If the last terms of these 53 If the arithmetic mean and
1 1 geometric mean of the pth and qth
= log 0 .25 3 = log 1 = series are the maximum possible
1− 1 2 2 terms of the sequence –16, 8, –4, 2,
4 four digit numbers, then the
3 ... satisfy the equation
number of common terms in these
∴ L = 31 / 2 4x 2 − 9x + 5 = 0, then p + q is equal
two series is equal to……… .
⇒ L2 = 3 [2021, 16 March Shift-I] to ______. [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
∞ Ans. (3) Ans. (10)
50 Let {a n } n=1
be a sequence such
Given, set {11, 8, 21, 16, 26, 32, 4} If AM and GM satisfy the equation
that a 1 = 1 , a 2 = 1 and By observation, we can say that 4x 2 − 9x + 5 = 0, then AM and GM are
a n + 2 = 2a n + 1 + a n for all n≥ 1. Then AP = {11, 16, 21, 26, …}
nothing but roots of this quadratic
∞
a equation,
the value of 47 Σ 3nn is equal to …. GP = {4, 8, 16, 32, …}
4x 2 − 9x + 5 = 0
n=1
2 5m + 6 = 42 . n− 1
[2021, 20 July Shift-II] ⇒ 4x − 4x − 5x + 5 = 0
2
128 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
π ∞
⇒ 4x (x − 1) − 5(x − 1) = 0 Also, given that product of third and fifth 56 If 0< θ, φ< , x = ∑ cos2 n θ,
⇒ (x − 1)(4x − 5) = 0 term is 25. 2 n=0
∞
⇒ x = 1,
5 i.e. (T3 ) (T5 ) = 25 y = ∑ sin φ and
2n
4 ⇒ (ar 2 ) (ar 4 ) = 25 n=0
∞
5
Then, AM = and GM = 1 [QAM ≥ GM] ⇒ a 2 r 6 = 25 …(ii) z = ∑ cos2 n θ ⋅ sin2 n φ, then
4 Squaring Eq. (i), we get n=0
2
Again, the given series is 25
a 2 r 2 (1 + r 4 ) 2 = …(iii) [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
−16, 8, − 4, 2 …… 2 (a) xy − z = (x + y) z
which is a geometric progression series Divide Eq. (ii) by (iii), (b) xy + yz + zx = z
−1
with common ratio , then
⇒
a 2 r 2 (1 + r 4 ) 2 (25) 2
=
(c) xyz = 4
2
p−1
a2 r6 4(25) (d) xy + z = (x + y) z
−1 (1 + r 4 ) 2 25
pth term = − 16 = tp ⇒ =
Ans. (d)
2 ∞
r4 4
Given, x = ∑ cos θ
2n
q −1
−1 ⇒ 4(1 + r 4 ) 2 = 25r 4
qth term = − 16 = tq n= 0
2 ⇒ 4(1 + r 8 + 2r 4 ) = 25r 4 ∞
y= ∑ sin φ
2n
5 ⇒ 4r 8 − 17 r 4 + 4 = 0
Arithmetic mean = n= 0
4 ⇒ 4r 8 − 16r 4 − r 4 + 4 = 0 ∞
tp + tq 5 z= ∑ cos θ⋅ sin2 n φ
2n
⇒ = ⇒ 4r (r − 4) − 1(r 4 + (−4)) = 0
4 4
n= 0
2 4 ⇒ (r 4 − 4) (4r 4 − 1) = 0
Geometric mean = 1 ⇒ x = 1 + cos2 θ + cos4 θ + …∞
Gives, r = 4 or r 4 = 1 /4
4
1
⇒ tptq = 1 We have to find sum of 4th, 6th and 8th ∴ x= = cosec2 θ … (i)
1 − cos2 θ
Q tptq = 1 term, i.e.
p−1 q − `1
T4 + T6 + T8 = ar 3 + ar 5 + ar 7 ⇒ y = 1 + sin2 φ + sin4 φ + …∞
−1 −1
⇒ (−16) (−16) =1 1
2 2 = ar (r 2 + r 4 + r 6 ) ∴ y=
1 − sin2 φ
−1
p + q −2 = ar 3 (1 + r 2 + r 4 ) … (iv)
⇒ (−16) 2 =1 Using Eq. (ii), = sec2 φ … (ii)
2
p +q−2 (ar 3 ) 2 = 25 ⇒ z = 1 + cos2 θ⋅ sin2 φ + cos4 θ sin4 φ
−1 + …∞
⇒ (−24 ) 2 =1 ⇒ ar 3 = 5
2 1
Also, we take r 4 = 4 because given series ∴ z= … (iii)
(+1) p + q − 2 is increasing and r 2 = 2. 1 − cos2 θ sin2 φ
⇒ (−2) 8 =1
(−2) p + q − 2 ∴ T4 + T6 + T8 = 5(1 + 2 + 4) From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
⇒ (−2) 8 (+1) p + q − 2 = (−2) p + q − 2 = 5(7) = 35 Qcos2 θ = 1 − 1
⇒ (−2) 8 = (−2) p + q − 2 1 x
z=
⇒ p+ q −2= 8 55 The minimum value of 1 1 Qsin2 φ = 1 − 1
1 − 1 − 1 −
f (x) = a a + a 1 − a , where a, x ∈R and y y
x x
⇒ p + q = 10 x
a > 0, is equal to xy
z=
54 In an increasing geometric series, [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] xy − (x − 1) (y − 1)
the sum of the second and the 1 xy
25 (a) a + 1 (b) a + (c) 2 a (d) 2a z=
sixth term is and the product of a xy − xy + x + y − 1
2 Ans. (c) ⇒ xz + yz − z = xy
the third and fifth term is 25. Then, We already know, Arithmetic mean≥ ⇒ xy + z = (x + y) z
the sum of 4th, 6th and 8th terms Geometric mean,
is equal to [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] Let us take AM and GM of two termsa a
x
57 Let A 1 , A2 , A3 ,......… be squares,
1−ax
(a) 30 (b) 26 (c) 35 (d) 32 and a ,
such that for each n≥ 1, the length
aa + a1 − a
x x
Ans. (c)
⇒ AM = of the side of A n equals the length
Let the first term of geometric series be ‘ 2 of diagonal of A n + 1 . If the length of
a’ and common ratio be ‘r’.
and GM = a a . a 1 − a
x x
A 1 is 12 cm, then the smallest value
Then, n th term of given series is given as
aa + a1 − a
x x
of n for which area of A n is less
Tn = ar n − 1 Q AM ≥ GM ⇒ ≥ aa .a1 − a
x x
2 than one, is ……… .
Now, given that sum of second and sixth [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
⇒ aa + a1 −a ≥ 2 a1
x x
term is 25/2.
Ans. (9)
i.e. T2 + T6 = 25 /2 ∴Minimum value off (x) = a a + a 1 − a is
x x
⇒ ar + ar 5 = 25 /2 According to the question, length of side
2 a.
of A1 square is 12 cm.
⇒ ar (1 + r 4 ) = 25 /2 … (i)
Sequences and Series 129
3 /2 3
3
x 2 (1 − y) − y 2 (1 − x)
A2 A3
and r 3 = = ⇒ (x − y) S =
(2 /3) 2 2 (1 − x)(1 − y)
2
⇔ ⇔
12
/√
A1 3 (x 2 − y 2 ) − (x 2 y − y 2 x)
12
⇒ r= =
2 (1 − x)(1 − y)
12cm x y
According to the question, (x − y) [(x + y) − xy]
x=12/√2 y= 12 2 ⇒ (x − y) S =
(√2) third term (1 − x) (1 − y)
2 3 3 3 x + y − xy
= α = ar 2 = × × = ⇒ S=
QSide lengths are in GP. 3 2 2 2 (1 − x) (1 − y)
12
∴ Tn = 3
( 2) n − 1 ∴ 2α = 2 × = 3
2 61 The value of
(Side of n th square i.e. An )
log2.5 + 2 + 3 + ... to ∞
1 1 1
2
12 144 59 The sum of the first three terms of (0.16) 3 3 3
is equal
∴Area = (Side) = 2
= n− 1
( 2) n − 1 2 a GP is S and their product is 27. to ...... . [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
According to the question, the area of An Then all such S lie in Ans. (4.00)
square < 1 [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] log 2 . 5 +
1 1
+
1
+ ... to ∞
144 3 32 33
<1 (a) (− ∞,9] (b) [− 3, ∞) Since, (0.16)
2n − 1 1/3
(c) (− ∞, − 9] ∪ [3, ∞) (d) (− ∞, − 3] ∪ [9, ∞) log 2.5
log 2.5 1
1 − 1/3 2
⇒ n− 1
2 > 144 = (0.16) = (0.16)
Ans. (d) log 2.5 ( 2 ) −1
log 2
Here, the smallest possible value of is
=
a 16 100 2.5
= 9. Let, the three terms of GP are , a, ar. =
r 100 16
2 log 2.5 2
a
=
As, it is given that × a × ar = 27 10 log 22
58 The sum of first four terms of a = (2.5) 2.5 = 22 = 4
r 4
65 ⇒ a =3
geometric progression (G.P.) is Hence, answer is 4.00.
12 a
and S = + a + ar
and the sum of their respective r
1 + r + r2 62 If m arithmetic means (AMs) and
65 ⇒ S =3 three geometric means (GMs) are
reciprocals is . If the product of r
18 inserted between 3 and 243 such
first three terms of the G.P. is 1 and ⇒ 3r 2 + (3 − S ) r + 3 = 0 [Qr ≠ 0]
that 4th AM is equal to 2nd GM,
the third term is α, then 2α is ……… Q r ∈R
then m is equal to
. [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] ∴ D ≥ 0 ⇒(3 − S ) 2 − 4 (3) (3) ≥ 0 [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
⇒ (3 − S − 6) (3 − S + 6) ≥ 0 Ans. (39)
Ans. (3)
⇒ (S + 3) (S − 9) ≥ 0
Let four numbers in GP bea, ar, ar 2 , ar 3 . The 4th AM out of m AMs inserted
⇒ S ∈ (−∞, − 3] ∪ [9, ∞) between 3 and 243 is
According to the question,
65 243 − 3
a + ar + ar 2 + ar 3 = … (i) 60 If| x | < 1,| y | < 1 and x ≠ y, then the sum A4 = 3 + 4 …(i)
12 m+ 1
1 1 1 1 65 to infinity of the following series and the 2nd GM out of three GMs
and + + + =
a ar ar 2 ar 3 18 (x + y) + (x 2 + xy + y 2 ) inserted between 3 and 243 is
2
1 1 + r + r 2 + r 3 65 + (x 3 + x 2 y + xy 2 + y 3 ) + … is 1
243 3 + 1
⇒ =
G2 = 3 = 3(81) = 27
… (ii)
1/2
a
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I]
r3 18 x + y + xy x + y − xy 3
(a) (b)
Dividing Eq. (i) by (ii), we get (1 + x) (1 + y) (1 − x) (1 − y) 240
a (1 + r + r 2 + r 3 ) 65 / 12 Q A4 = G 2 ⇒3 + 4 = 27
= x + y + xy x + y − xy m + 1
(c) (d)
1 (1 + r + r 2 + r 3 ) 65 / 18 (1 − x) (1 − y) (1 + x) (1 + y) 240
a r3 ⇒ 4 = 24 ⇒ m + 1 = 40
Ans. (b) m + 1
18
⇒ a2 r3 = Given series of infinite terms, if | x | < 1, ⇒ m = 39
12
| y | < 1 and x ≠ y is Hence, answer is 39.00
3
⇒ a r =
2 3
S = (x + y) + (x 2 + xy + y 2 ) +
2
(x 3 + x 2 y + xy 2 + y 3 ) +… 63 The minimum value of 2 sin x + 2 cos x
Also, product of first three terms = 1
On multiplying (x − y) both sides, we get is [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II]
a × ar × ar 2 = 1
⇒ a 3r 3 = 1
⇒(x − y) S = (x 2 − y 2 ) + (x 3 − y 3 ) + (a) 2 −1 + 2
(b) 2 1 − 2
1 1
3 3 3 /2 (x − y ) + ....
4 4 −1 +
2
1−
2
⇒ a3 × 2 = 1 Qr = a 2
(c) 2 (d) 2
2a = [x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + ...] − [y 2 + y 3 + y 4 + ....]
Ans. (d)
x2 y2
⇒ a=
2 = − as | x | < 1 and | y | < 1 As 2sinx and 2cos x are positive quantities
3 1− x 1−y
for ∀x ∈ R. So, according to AM-GM
130 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
inequality, ⇒
b c d
p== = ⇒ a (1 + r) = 4 …(i)
2sin x + 2cos x a b c a 3 + a 4 = 16 (given)
we have ≥ 2sin x ⋅ 2cos x
2 ⇒ a, b, c, d are in GP. ⇒ ar 2 + ar 3 = 16
⇒ (2sin x + 2cos x ) ≥ 2 × 2 (sin x + cos x ) / 2 ∞
⇒ ar 2 (1 + r) = 16 …(ii)
Now, 66 If f (x + y) = f (x) f (y) and ∑ f (x) = 2, x, From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
π
sin x + cos x = 2 sin + x ∈ [– 2, 2]
x =1
r 2 = 4 ⇒ r = ±2 …(iii)
4 y ∈N,where N is the set of all
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
∴The minimum value of2sin x + 2cos x is natural numbers, then the value of 4
1+
1
(sin x + cos x ) f (4) a = > 0 (rejected), if r = 2 and a = − 4 < 0,
minimum value of2 2
and it is is 3
1+
1
(– 2 ) 1−
1 f (2) [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I] if r = −2
equal to 2 2
=2 2
. 2 1 1 4 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 9 3 9 Now, ∑a i = a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ...... + a 9
i=1
64 If the sum of the second, third and Ans. (d) −4((−2) 9 − 1) 4
fourth terms of a positive term GP = = − (512 + 1)
Given functional relation −2 − 1 3
is 3 and the sum of its sixth, f (x + y) = f (x) ⋅f (y) ⇒ f (x) = a x 4
seventh and eighth terms is 243, ∞ = − (513) = 4λ (given)
Since, ∑ f (x) = 2,so, |a | < 1 3
then the sum of the first 50 terms x=1
⇒ λ = − 171
of this GP is [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] ⇒ a + a2 + a3 + … = 2
1 49 1 50 a 2
(a) (3 − 1) (b) (3 − 1) ⇒ = 2 ⇒ 3a = 2 ⇒ a = 69 The product
26 26 1−a 3 1 1 1 1
2
(c) (350 − 1)
1
(d) (350 − 1)
2 2 4 ⋅4 16 ⋅8 48 ⋅16 128 ⋅....to ∞ is equal to
= a 2 = =
f (4) a 4 2 4
13 13 So, =
f (2) a 2 3 9 [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
Ans. (b) 1 1
(a) 2 4
(b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 1
Let the first term and common ratio of 67 The greatest positive integer k, for
Ans. (c)
the GP be ‘a’ and ‘r’ respectively, so which 49 k + 1 is a factor of the sum
according to the given information Given product
49 125 + 49 124 +…+ 492 + 49 + 1, is
ar + ar 2 + ar 3 = 3 …(i) 1 1 1 1
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
and ar 5 + ar 6 + ar 7 = 243 …(ii) 2 4 ⋅4 16 ⋅ 8 48 ⋅ 16 128 ⋅…to ∞
(a) 32 (b) 63 (c) 65 (d) 60 1 2 3 4
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Ans. (b) 2 4 ⋅2 16 ⋅2 48 ⋅2 128 ⋅…to ∞
∴ r 4 = 81 ⇒ r = 3
1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + K to ∞
The sum of series
[Qterms are positive] = 2 4 8 16 32
49125 + 49124 + … + 492 + 49 + 1
∴ 3a + 9a + 27a = 3
= 490 + 491 + 492 + … + 49124 + 49125 1 1
Q + +
1
+
1
+ Kto ∞ is a G.P. of
1
⇒ a + 3a + 9a = 1 ⇒a = . 1(49126 − 1) (4963 ) 2 − 12 4 8 16 32
13 = = 1
49 − 1 48 infinite terms having first term and
∴Sum of first 50 terms of the GP be 4
1 (350 – 1) 1 (4963 − 1)(4963 + 1) 1
S 50 = = (350 – 1) = common ratio .
13 3 – 1 26 48 2
1/4
Q 4963 + 1 is a factor of the above sum.
1/4
So, the product is2 1 − 1 / 2 = 2 1 / 2 = 21 / 2
65 Let a, b, c,d and p be any non-zero ∴The greatest positive integer k, for
which 49 k + 1 is a factor of the sum
distinct real numbers such that 70 Let a n be the nth term of a G.P. of
49126 + 49125 + … + 492 + 49 + 1 is 63.
(a 2 + b2 + c 2 ) p2 − 2 100
(ab + bc + cd) p + (b2 + c 2 + d 2 ) = 0. positive terms. If ∑ a 2 n + 1 = 200
68 Let a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ,... be a G.P. such that n=1
Then, [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
a 1 < 0, a 1 + a 2 = 4 and a 3 + a 4 = 16. If 100 200
(a) a, c, p are in AP 9 and ∑ a 2 n = 100, then ∑ a n is equal
(b) a, c, p are in GP
(c) a, b , c, d are in GP
∑a
i =1
i
= 4λ, then λ is equal to n=1 n=1
to [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
(d) a, b , c, d are in AP [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
(a) 300 (b) 175
Ans. (c) 511
(a) − 171 (b) 171 (c) (d) − 513 (c) 225 (d) 150
Given equation, 3 Ans. (d)
Ans. (a)
(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) p2 − 2 (ab + bc + cd) p It is given thata n is the nth term of a G.P.
+ (b 2 + c 2 + d 2 ) = 0 Let first term and common ratio of given
of positive terms, such that
⇒(a p − 2apb + b ) + (b 2 p2 − 2bpc + c 2 )
2 2 2 G.P. a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , … area 1 = a < 0 and ‘r’ 100
+ (c 2 p2 − 2cpd + d 2 ) = 0 respectively. Σ a 2 n + 1 = 200
n= 1
⇒ (ap − b) + (bp − c) 2 + (cp − d) 2 = 0
2 Now, a1 + a2 = 4 (given)
⇒ a 3 + a 5 + a 7 + K + a 201 = 200
⇒ ap − b = 0 = bp − c = cp − d ⇒ a + ar = 4
⇒ ar 2 + ar 4 + ar 6 + K + ar 200 = 200
Sequences and Series 131
(where a is the first term of G.P. and r is 20
1 ⇒Quadratic Eq. (ii) have equal roots, and
the common ratio) 72 The sum ∑ k is equal to
k =1 2k b
it is equal to x = − , and it is given that
⇒ar 2 (1 + r 2 + r 4 + K + r 198 ) = 200 a
[2019, 8 April Shift-II]
1 − r 200 quadratic
⇒ ar 2 = 200 …(i) 11 11
1− r
2 (a) 2 − 19 (b) 1 −
2 2 20 Eqs. (ii) and (iii) have a common root, so
100
Σ a2 n = 100 (given) 3 21 b
2
b
and
n= 1
(c) 2 − 17 (d) 2 − 20 d − + 2e − + f = 0
2 2 a a
⇒ a 2 + a 4 + a 6 + K + a 200 = 100 Ans. (a) ⇒ db 2 − 2eba + a 2 f = 0
⇒ ar + ar + ar + K + ar = 100 Let S = ∑ k k
20
⇒ d (ac) − 2eab + a 2 f = 0 [Qb 2 = ac]
3 5 199
1
1 − r 200 k =1
2 ⇒ dc − 2eb + af = 0 [Qa ≠ 0]
⇒ ar = 100 …(ii)
1− r
2 1 2 3 4 20 ⇒ 2eb = dc + af
S= + + + + … + 20 …(i)
2 22 23 24 2 e dc af
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ⇒ 2 = 2 + 2
On multiplying by both sides, we get
1 b b b
150
r = 2 and a = 200 2 [dividing each term byb 2 ]
2 −1
2 = +
e d f
S 1 2 3 19 20 ⇒ [Qb 2 = ac]
200
a (r 200 − 1) = + + + … + 20 + 21 …(ii) b a c
∴ Σ an = 2 22 23 24 2 2
n= 1
r−1 d e f
So, , , are in AP.
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get a b c
150 (2200 − 1)
= × S 1 1 1 1 20 Alternate Solution
2 −1
200
2− 1 S − = + 2 + 3 + … + 20 − 21
2 2 2 2 2 2 Given, three distinct numbersa, b and c
= 150 1 1 are in GP. Leta = a, b = ar, c = ar 2 are in
Hence, option (d) is correct. 1 − GP, which satisfiesax 2 + 2bx + c = 0
S 2 220 20
⇒ = − 21 ∴ ax 2 + 2(ar) x + ar 2 = 0
2 1 2
1−
71 The sum of the series 2 ⇒ x 2 + 2rx + r 2 = 0 [Qa ≠ 0]
2⋅ 20 C0+ 5⋅ 20 C1+ 8⋅ 20 C2 a (1 − r n ) ⇒ (x + r) 2 = 0 ⇒ x = − r.
+ 11 ⋅20 C3 + ..... + 62 ⋅20 C20 is equal to Q sum of GP = 1 − r , r < 1 According to the question,
ax 2 + 2bx + c = 0 and dx 2 + 2ex + f = 0
[2019, 8 April Shift-I] 1 20 1 10
= 1 − 20 − 21 = 1 − 20 − 20 have a common root.
(a) 226 (b) 225 (c) 223 (d) 224 2 2 2 2
So, x = − r satisfies dx 2 + 2ex + f = 0
Ans. (b) 11 11
⇒ S = 1 − 20 = 2 − 19 ∴ d (− r) 2 + 2e (− r) + f = 0
Given series is 2 2
⇒ dr 2 − 2er + f = 0
2⋅ 20C 0 + 5⋅ 20C 1 + 8⋅ 20C 2 + … + 62⋅ 20C 20 c
d − 2e + f = 0
73 If three distinct numbers a, b and c ⇒
c
a b
20
= ∑ (3r + 2) ⋅ are in GP and the equations
20
Cr
r =0
ax 2 + 2bx + c = 0 and ⇒
d 2e f
− + =0
[Qgeneral term of the sequence 2, 5, 8, dx 2 + 2ex + f = 0 have a common a b c
…, which forms an AP, is2 + (n − 1)3 root, then which one of the ⇒
d f 2e
+ = [Qc ≠ 0]
= 3n − 1, where n = 1, 2, 3 ...and it can be following statements is correct? a c b
written as 3n+ 2, [2019, 8 April Shift-II] 10
where n = 0, 1, 2, 3]
(a) d, e and f are in GP 74 Let ∑ f (a + k ) = 16(2 10 − 1), where
20 20
k =1
= 3⋅ ∑ r 20C r + 2 ∑ 20C r d e f
(b) , and are in AP
r =0 r =0 a b c the function f satisfies
= 3 ∑ r 19 C r − 1 + 2 ∑ 20 C r
20
20 20
(c) d, e and f are in AP f (x + y) = f (x) f (y) for all natural
r =1
r r =0
d e f
(d) , and are in GP numbers x, y and f (1) = 2. Then, the
Q nC = n n − 1C
a b c natural number ‘a’ is [2019, 9 April
r −1
r
r Ans. (b) Shift-I]
20 20
Given, three distinct numbersa, b and c (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 16
= 3 × 20 ∑ 19 C r − 1 + 2 ∑ 20 C r are in GP. Ans. (c)
r =1 r =0
19 20 ∴ b 2 = ac …(i) Given, f (x + y) = f (x) ⋅f (y)
= 60 ∑ 19 C r + 2 ∑ 20C r and the given quadratic equations
r =0 r =0 Let f (x) = λx [where λ > 0]
ax 2 + 2bx + c = 0 …(ii)
20 19 19 Q f(1) = 2 (given)
Q ∑ C r − 1 = ∑ C r
19
dx 2 + 2ex + f = 0 …(iii)
r=1 r =0 ∴ λ =2
For quadratic Eq. (ii),
Σ f (a + k) = Σ λa + k = λa Σ λ k
10 10 10
n So,
= (60 × 2 ) + (2 × 2 ) Q ∑ C r = 2
19 20 n n
the discriminant D = (2b) 2 − 4ac k =1 k =1 k =1
r=0 = 4(b 2 − ac) = 0
= 2a [21 + 22 + 23 + ......+210 ]
= (15 × 221 ) + 221 = 16 × 221 = 225 [from Eq. (i)]
132 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
2(210 − 1) Ans. (d)
= 2a a3
2− 1 Given α, β and γ are three consecutive 78 Let a 1 , a 2 ,...., a 10 be a GP. If = 25,
terms of a non-constant GP. a1
[by using formula of sum of n-terms of a
GP having first term ‘a’ and common ratio Let α = α, β = αr, γ = αr 2 , { r ≠ 0, 1} a9
then equals
‘r’, is and given quadratic equation is a5 [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
a (r n − 1) αx 2 + 2 βx + γ = 0 …(i)
Sn = , where r > 1 (a) 53 (b) 2(52 ) (c) 4(52 ) (d) 54
r−1 On putting the values ofα,β, γ in Eq. (i),
Ans. (d)
⇒ 2a + 1 (210 − 1) = 16 (210 − 1) (given) we get
⇒ 2a + 1 = 16 = 24 ⇒a + 1 = 4 ⇒a = 3 αx 2 + 2αrx + αr 2 = 0 Let r be the common ratio of given GP,
then we have the following sequence
⇒ x 2 + 2rx + r 2 = 0
75 Let a, b and c be in GP with common a 1 , a 2 = a 1 r, a 3 = a 1 r 2 ,...,a 10 = a 1 r 9
⇒ (x + r) 2 = 0
1 ⇒ x=−r Now, a 3 = 25 a 1
ratio r, where a ≠ 0 and 0 < r ≤ . If
2 Q The quadratic equations ⇒ a 1 r 2 = 25 a 1 ⇒ r 2 = 25
3a, 7b and 15c are the first three αx 2 + 2 βx + γ = 0 and x 2 + x − 1 = 0 have a a r8
Consider, 9 = 1 4 = r 4 = (25) 2 = 54
terms of an AP, then the 4th term a common root, so x = − r must be root a5 a1r
of this AP is [2019, 10 April Shift-II] of equation x 2 + x −1 = 0, so 79 The sum of an infinite geometric
2 7 r2 − r − 1 = 0 …(ii)
(a) 5a (b) a (c) a (d) a series with positive terms is 3 and
3 3 Now, α (β + γ) = α (αr + αr 2 ) = α 2 (r + r 2 ) the sum of the cubes of its terms is
Ans. (c) From the options, 27
βγ = αr ⋅ αr 2 = α 2 r 3 = α 2 (r + r 2 )
. Then, the common ratio of this
Key Idea Use nth term of AP i.e., 19
an = a + (n − 1) d, If a, A, b are in AP, then [Qr 2 − r − 1 = 0 ⇒ r 3 = r + r 2 ] series is [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
2A = a + b and nth term of G.P. i.e.,
4 2 2 1
an = ar n − 1 . 77 If a, b and c be three distinct real (a) (b) (c) (d)
9 3 9 3
It is given that, the termsa, b, c are in GP
numbers in GP and a + b + c = xb, Ans. (b)
with common ratio r, wherea ≠ 0 and
1 then x cannot be Let the GP bea, ar, ar 2 , ar 3 ,.... ∞; where
0< r≤ .
2 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I] a > 0 and0 < r < 1.
So, let,b = ar and c = ar 2 (a) 4 (b) 2 Then, according the problem, we have
Now, the terms3a, 7b and 15c are the (c) −2 (d) −3 3=
a
first three terms of an AP, then Ans. (b) 1− r
27
2(7b) = 3a + 15 c Let b = ar and c = ar 2 , where r is the and = a 3 + (ar) 3 + (ar 2 ) 3 + (ar 3 ) 3 + ...
19
⇒ 14ar = 3a + 15ar 2 [as b = ar, c = ar 2 ] common ratio.
27 a3 a
⇒ 14r = 3 + 15r 2 [as a ≠ 0] Then, a + b + c = xb ⇒ = QS ∞ = 1 − r
19 1 − r 3
⇒ 15r 2 − 14r + 3 = 0 ⇒ a + ar + ar 2 = xar
⇒ 15r 2 − 5r − 9r + 3 = 0 ⇒ 1 + r + r 2 = xr … (i) [Qa ≠ 0] 27 (3 (1 − r)) 3
⇒ =
⇒ 5r (3r − 1) − 3(3r − 1) = 0 1 + r + r2 1 19 1 − r3
⇒ x= = 1+ r +
⇒ (3r − 1) (5r − 3) = 0 r r a
1 Q3 = 1 − r ⇒ a = 3 (1 − r)
⇒
1 3
r = or We know that, r + ≥ 2 (for r > 0)
3 5 r 27 27 (1 − r) (1 + r 2 − 2r)
1 1 1
r + ≤ − 2 (for r < 0) ⇒ =
as, r ∈ 0, , so r = and (1 − r) (1 + r + r 2 )
2 3 r 19
[using AM ≥ GM] [Q(1 − r) 3 = (1 − r) (1 − r) 2 ]
Now, the common difference of AP 1 1
∴ 1 + r + ≥ 3 or 1 + r + ≤ −1 ⇒r + r + 1 = 19 (r 2 − 2r + 1)
2
= 7b − 3a r r
⇒ 18r 2 − 39r + 18 = 0
= 7ar − 3a = a −3 = −
7 2a
⇒ x ≥ 3 or x ≤ −1
3 3 ⇒ 6r 2 − 13r + 6 = 0
⇒ x ∈ (− ∞,−1] ∪ [3, ∞) ⇒ (3r − 2) (2r − 3) = 0
−2a
So, 4th term of AP = 3a + 3 =a 2 3
3 Hence, x cannot be 2. ∴ r = or r = (reject) [Q0 < r < 1]
Alternate Method From Eq. (i), we have 3 2
76 If α, β and γ are three consecutive 1 + r + r 2 = xr 80 Let x, y be positive real numbers
terms of a non-constant GP such ⇒ r + (1 − x) r + 1 = 0
2
and m, n positive integers. The
that the equations αx 2 + 2βx + γ = 0 For real solution of r, D ≥ 0. maximum value of the expression
andx 2 + x − 1 = 0 have a common ⇒ (1 − x) 2 − 4 ≥ 0
xm yn
root, then, α(β + γ) is equal to is
⇒ x 2 − 2x − 3 ≥ 0 (1 + x 2 m ) (1 + y 2 n )
[2019, 12 April Shift-II] [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
(a) 0 (b) αβ ⇒ (x − 3)(x + 1) ≥ 0 1 1 m+ n
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d)
(c) αγ (d) βγ ⇒ x ∈ (−∞, − 1] ∪ [3, ∞) 2 4 6mn
Sequences and Series 133
Ans. (c) q + 1 q + 1
2
q + 1 100
i.e. (a + 4d) 2 = (a + d) (a + 8 d)
1 + + + …+ ⇒
2 2
m n
x y 2
Consider,
(1 + x 2 m )(1 + y 2 n ) a 2 + 16 d 2 + 8ad = a 2 + 8ad + ad + 8 d 2
q + 1
101
= m
1 1− ⇒ 8 d 2 = ad
2101 − (q + 1) 101 2
(x + x − m )(y n + y − n ) ⇒ = α 1⋅ ⇒ 8d = a [Q d ≠ 0]
1−q q+1
1− Now, common ratio,
By using AM ≥ GM (because x, y ∈ R + ), we 2
get a + 4d 8 d + 4d 12 d 4
q+1 r= = = =
(x m + x − m ) ≥ 2 and (y n + y − n ) ≥ 2 [Qq ≠ 1 ⇒q + 1 ≠ 2 ⇒ ≠ 1] a+d 8d + d 9d 3
1 2
[Qif x > 0, then x + ≥ 2] α[2101 − (q + 1) 101 ]
x = 84 If m is the AM of two distinct real
⇒ (x m + x − m )(y n + y − n ) ≥ 4 (1 − q) ⋅2100
1 1 numbers l and n(l, n > 1) and G 1 , G2
⇒ ≤ ⇒ α = 2100
(x m + x − m )(y n + y − n ) 4 and G3 are three geometric means
∴ Maximum value = .
1
82 The product of three consecutive between l and n, then G 14 + 2G24 + G34
4 equals
terms of a GP is 512. If 4 is added to [JEE Main 2015]
2
each of the first and the second of (a) 4 l mn (b) 4 lm 2n
81 Let S n = 1 + q + q + K + q and
2 n
these terms, the three terms now (c) 4 lmn 2 (d) 4 l 2 m 2n 2
q + 1 q + 1 q + 1
2 n
Tn = 1 + form an AP. Then, the sum of the Ans. (b)
+ +K+
2 2 2 original three terms of the given GP Given, m is the AM of l and n
where q is a real number and q ≠ 1. If is [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] ∴ l + n = 2m …(i)
101
C 1 + 101C2 ⋅ S 1 + K + 101C 101 ⋅ S 100 (a) 36 (b) 28 (c) 32 (d) 24 andG 1 ,G 2 ,G 3 are geometric means
= αT 100 , then α is equal to Ans. (b) betweenl and n
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] Let the three consecutive terms of a GP ∴l, G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , n are in GP.
(a) 2100 (b) 202 (c) 200 (d) 299 a Let r be the common ratio of this GP.
are , a and ar.
Ans. (a) r ∴ G 1 = lr ⇒ G 2 = lr 2 1
⇒ G 3 = lr 3 ⇒ n = lr 4 ⇒ r =
Now, according to the question, we have n 4
We have,
a l
Sn = 1 + q + q2 + … + qn ⋅ a ⋅ar = 512 ⇒ a 3 = 512
r Now, G 14 + 2G 24 + G 34 = (lr) 4 + 2(lr 2 ) 4 + (lr 3 ) 4
and ⇒ a=8 ... (i)
2 n = l 4 × r 4 (1 + 2r 4 + r 8 )
q + 1 q + 1 q + 1
Tn = 1 + + + …+ Also, after adding 4 to first two terms, = l 4 × r 4 (r 4 + 1) 2
2 2 2 8
we get + 4, 8 + 4, 8r are in AP n n+ l
2
Also, we have r 8 = l 4 ×
⇒ 2 (12) = + 4 + 8r l l
101
C1 + C2 S 1 +
101 101
C3S 2 + … + 101
C 101 S 100 r
= ln × 4m2 = 4lm2 n
24 = + 8r + 4 ⇒ 20 = 4 + 2r
= αT100 8 2
⇒
r r
⇒ 101
C1 + 101
C 2 (1 + q) + C 3 (1 + q + q 2 )
101
2 85 If (10) 9 + 2 (11) 1 (10) 8 + 3 (11) 2 (10) 7
⇒ 5 = + 2r ⇒ 2r − 5r + 2 = 0
2
+ …+ C 101 (1 + q + q + … + q )
101 2 100
r + ... + 10 (11) 9 = K (10) 9 , then k is
= α ⋅T100 ⇒ 2r − 4r − r + 2 = 0
2
equal to [JEE Main 2014]
(1 − q 2 ) 1 − q3 ⇒ 2r (r − 2) − 1(r − 2) = 0 121 441
⇒ 101 C 1 + 101
C2 + 101
C 3 (a) (b)
1 −q 1−q ⇒ (r − 2) (2r − 1) = 0 10 100
1
1 − q4 1 − q 101 ⇒ r = 2, (c) 100 (d) 110
+ 101
C4 + …+ C 101
101
2
Ans. (c)
1−q 1−q Thus, the terms are either 16, 8, 4 or 4, 8,
k⋅ 10 9 = 10 9 + 2 (11) 1 (10) 8 + 3 (11) 2 (10) 7 + ...
= α ⋅T100 16. Hence, required sum = 28.
+ 10 (11) 9
1 − rn 2 9
[Qfor a GP, S n = a , r ≠ 1 ] k = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... 10 …(i)
11 11 11
1− r
83 If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a
10 10 10
1
non-constant AP are in GP, then the 2 9
⇒ [{ 101 C 1 + 101
C2 + … + 101
C 101 } common ratio of this GP is 11 k = 1 11 + 2 11 + ... + 9 11
1−q
[JEE Main 2016] 10 10 10 10
− { 101 C 1q + 101
C 2 q 2 + … + 101 C 101 q 101 }] 8 4 10
+ 10 …(ii)
(a) (b) 11
= α ⋅T100 5 3 10
7 On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
1 (c) 1 (d)
⇒ [(2101 − 1) − ((1 + q) 101 − 1)] = αT100 4 2 9
(1 − q) k 1 − = 1 + + + ... +
11 11 11 11
[Q n C 0 + nC 1 + … + nC n = 2n ] Ans. (b)
10 10 10 10
2101 − (q + 1) 101 Let a be the first term andd be the
⇒ =α 10
− 10
common difference. Then, we have 11
1−q
a + d, a + 4d, a + 8 d in GP, 10
134 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
11 10
1 − 1 (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is Ans. (b)
10 − 11
10 10
true
⇒k − 10 11 Number of notes that the person counts in
= 10 min = 10 × 150 = 1500
10 11 − 1 10 (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
true; Statement II is a correct Since,a 10 , a 11 , a 12 ,....are in AP with
10
explanation of Statement I common difference −2.Let n be the time
10
11
10
⇒ − k = 10 10 − 10 − 10
11 (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; taken to count remaining 3000 notes,
10 10 Statement II is not a correct explanation then
for Statement I n
[2 × 148 + (n − 1) × −2] = 3000
⇒ k = 100 (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is 2
false ⇒ n2 − 149 n + 3000 = 0
86 Three positive numbers form an Ans. (b) ⇒ (n − 24) (n − 125) = 0
increasing GP. If the middle term in 1
Q f (x) = ∴ n = 24, 125
2
this GP is doubled, then new e +
x
Then, the total time taken by the person
numbers are in AP. Then, the ex
Using AM ≥ GM to count all notes = 10 + 24 = 34 min
common ratio of the GP is 2 [neglecting n = 125 because for this value
ex + x 1/2
[JEE Main 2014]
e ≥ e x ⋅ 2 , as e x > 0 of n, a 125 will be negative, which is not
(a) 2 + 3 (b) 3 + 2 2 ex possible as currency notes cannot be
(c) 2 − 3 (d) 2 + 3 2 negative]
⇒ ex + x ≥ 2 2
Ans. (d) e
1 1 90 The first two terms of a geometric
Let a, ar, ar 2 are in GP (r > 1). ⇒ 0< ≤
2 2 2 progression add upto 12. The sum
According to the question,a, 2ar, ar 2 in e + x
x
AP. e of the third and the fourth terms is
⇒ 4ar = a + ar 2 ∴ 0 < f (x) ≤
1
, ∀x ∈R
48. If the terms of the geometric
⇒ r 2 − 4r + 1 = 0 2 2 progression are alternately positive
4 ± 16 − 4 and negative, then the first term is
⇒ r= =2± 3 Statement II is true and Statement I is
2 also true as for some ‘c’. [AIEEE 2008]
⇒ r = 2 + 3 [QAP is increasing] 1 (a) 4 (b) −4 (c) –12 (d) 12
⇒ f (c) = [for c = 0]
3 Ans. (c)
87 If x, y and z are in AP and tan − 1 x, which lies betwen 0 and
1
. Since, a + ar = a (1 + r) = 12 …(i)
2 2
tan − 1 y and tan − 1 z are also in AP, and ar + ar = ar (1 + r) = 48
2 3 2
…(ii)
then [JEE Main 2013] So, statement II is correct explanation of From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
statement I
(a) x = y = z (b) 2 x = 3y = 6 z r2 = 4
Alternate Solution ⇒ r = −2
(c) 6 x = 3y = 2 z (d) 6 x = 4 y = 3z
1 ex
Ans. (a) f (x) = x −x
= 2x [since, the series is alternately sign, so
e + 2e e +2 we take negative values]
Since, x, y and z are in AP.
(e 2 x + 2) e x − 2 e 2 x ⋅ e x On putting the value of r in Eq. (i), we get
∴ 2y = x + z ⇒ f ′(x) =
(e 2 x + 2 ) 2 a = − 12
Also, tan− 1 x, tan− 1 y and tan− 1 z are in AP. ⇒ f ′(x) = 0 ⇒ e 2 x + 2 = 2 e 2 x
⇒ e2x = 2 ⇒ ex = 2
91 In a geometric progression
∴ 2 tan− 1 y = tan− 1 x + tan− 1 z
2 1
consisting of positive terms, each
2y −1 x + z
Maximum value of f (x) = = term equals the sum of the next
⇒ tan−1 = tan 4 2 2
1− y 1 − xz
2
1 two terms. Then, the common ratio
0 < f (x) ≤ , ∀ x ∈R of this progression is equal to
x+z x+z 2 2
⇒ =
1 − y 2 1 − xz 1 1 [AIEEE 2007]
Since, 0< < 1 1
⇒ y 2 = xz 3 2 2 (a) (1 − 5 ) (b) 5
2 2
Since x, y and z are in AP as well as in GP. ⇒ For some c ∈ R, f (c) = 1 /3 1
(c) 5 (d) ( 5 − 1)
∴ x=y=z 2
89 A person is to count 4500 currency
88 Let f : R → R be a continuous Ans. (d)
notes. Leta n denotes the number of
1 Since, each term is equal to the sum of
function defined byf (x) = x . notes he counts in the nth min. If two preceding terms.
e + 2e −x
a 1 = a 2 = .... = a 10 = 150 anda 10 , a 11 ,... ∴ ar n − 1 = ar n + ar n + 1
1
Statement I f (c) = ,for somec ∈R . are in AP with common difference ⇒
1
= 1+ r
3 r
– 2, then the time taken by him to
1 ⇒ r2 + r − 1 = 0
Statement II 0 < f (x) ≤ ,∀ x ∈R . count all notes is [AIEEE 2010] 5−1 − 5 − 1
2 2 (a) 24 min (b) 34 min ∴ r= Qr ≠
[AIEEE 2010] 2 2
(c) 125 min (d) 135 min
Sequences and Series 135
92 If p and q are positive real numbers 94 5th term of a GP is 2, then the Ans. (b)
product of its 9 terms is 3 5 7
such that p2 + q 2 = 1, then the + + + ...
[AIEEE 2002] 12 × 22 22 × 32 32 × 42
maximum value of (p + q) is
(a) 256 (b) 512 22 − 12 32 − 22 42 − 32
[AIEEE 2007] = + + + .....
1 1 (c) 1024 (d) None of these 12 × 22 22 × 32 32 × 42
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 2
2 2 Ans. (b) 11 − 10 2
2
Ans. (d) Since, 5th term of a GP = 2 ∴ ar 4 = 2 …(i) 10 2 × 112
1 1 1 1
= 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 + ....
Applying AM-GM inequality in the positive where,a and r are the first term and 1 1
real numbers p2 and q 2 , common ratio of a GP. Now, required 1 2 2 3 3 4
p2 + q 2 product 1 − 1
≥ p2 q 2 = pq [Q AM ≥ GM] 2
= a × ar × ar 2 × ar 3 × ar 4 × ar 5 10 112
2 1 1 1 120
1 × ar 6 × ar 7 × ar 8 = 2 − 2 = 1− =
⇒ pq ≤ [Qp2 + q 2 = 1] …(i) 1 11 121 121
2 = a r = (ar )
9 36 4 9
Now, (p + q) 2 = p2 + q 2 + 2pq = 29 = 512 [from Eq. (i)] 7 9 13 19
97 If S= + 2 + 3 + 4 + ..., then 160
⇒ (p + q) 2 = 1 + 2pq 5 5 5 5
⇒ (p + q) 2 ≤ 1 + 1 [from Eq. (i)] TOPIC 3 S is equal to [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
⇒ p+ q≤ 2 Ans. (305)
Special Series, Sum to n 7 9 13 19
∞ ∞ ∞
Term and Infinite Number S= + + + + K+ ∞ …(i)
93 If x = ∑ a n , y = ∑ b n , z = ∑ c n , 5 52 53 54
n=0 n=0 n=0 of Terms S 7 9 13 19
= + + + + K ∞ …(ii)
where a , b and c are in AP and 5 52 53 54 55
| a | < 1,| b| < 1,| c | < 1, then x, y and z are 95 Let S n = 1⋅ (n − 1) + 2⋅ (n − 2) + 3 ⋅ Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i),
in [AIEEE 2005] (n − 3) + ... + (n − 1) ⋅ 1, n≥ 4. 4S 7 2
= + +
4
+
6
+
8
+ .... ∞
∞ 2S
5 5 52 53 54 55
(a) HP 1
(b) Arithmetic geometric progression The sum Σ n − is 4S 7 2
− = +
4
+
6
+
8
+ K∞ =K
n=4
n! (n − 2)! 5 5 52 53 54 55
(c) AP (d) GP
equal to [2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II] …(iii)
Ans. (a) K 2 4 6 8
e−1 e −2 e e = 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + K ∞ …(iv)
Given that, (a) (b) (c) (d) 5 5 5 5 5
∞ ∞ ∞ 3 6 3 6
x= ∑a , y= ∑b , z= ∑c
n n n
Subtracting Eq. (iv) from Eq (iii),
Ans. (a)
n= 0 n= 0 n= 0 4K 2 2 2 2
1 = + + + + K∞
⇒ x = 1 + a + a + ... =2
…(i) S n = 1⋅ (n − 1) + 2(n − 2) + 3(n − 3) 5 52 53 54 55
1−a + … + (n − 1) ⋅ 1, n≥ 4
1 1 4K 2 1 1 1
Similarly, y = and z = …(ii) n− 1
n(n2 − 1 ) = = ⇒K =
1−b 1− c = ∑ r (n − r) = 5 25 1 − 1 / 5 10 8
r =1 6
Now, a , b and c are in AP. From Eq. (iii),
n(n − 1 ) (n + 1 )
⇒ −a , − b and − c are in AP. = 4S 7 1 61
6 − = ⇒ S=
⇒ 1 − a , 1 − b and 1 − c are also in AP. 2S n (n + 1) 5 5 8 32
1 1 1 = 61
⇒ , and are in HP. n! 3(n − 2) ! Now, 106S = 160 × = 305
1−a 1−b 1− c 32
∞
2s n 1
Hence, x, y and z are in HP. ⇒ ∑ n!
−
(n − 2) !
98 Ifα, β are natural numbers, such that
n= 4
Alternate Solution 100 α − 199β = (100) (100) + (99) (101) +
∞
n−2 1 ∞
1
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
1 1 1
= ∑ 3(n − 2) ! = 3 ∑ (n − 3) ! (98) (102) + ... + (1) (199), then the slope
x= , y= , z=
n= 4 n= 4
of the line passing through (α,β) and
1−a 1−b 1− c 11 1 1 e−1
= + + + … = origin is [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
x−1 y−1 z−1 3 1! 2! 3! 3
⇒ a= , b= , c= (a) 540 (b) 550 (c) 530 (d) 510
x y z
Ans. (b)
Since,a , b and c are in AP. 96 The sum of 10 terms of the series
∴ 2b = a + c 3 5 7 Given,
y − 1 x − 1 z − 1 + 2 + 2 + ... is 100 α − 199.β = (100) (100) + (99) (101)
⇒ 2 = + 1 ×2 2 ×3
2 2 2
3 × 42
y x z + (98) (102) + …+ (1) (199)
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
2 1 1 2 1 1 99
⇒ 2− = 1− + 1− ⇒ = +
y x z y x z
(a) 1 (b) 120/121 ⇒100 α − 199β = ∑ (100 − x) (100 + x)
(c) 99/100 (d) 143/144 x=0
Hence, x, y and z are in HP.
136 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
S n (x) = (2 + 3 + 6 + 11 + 18 + 27 + …) log a x
99
Now,
= ∑ (100 − x2 )
2
∞ ∞ ∞
x=0 Let S n = 2 + 3 + 6 + 11 + 18 + …Tn
= Σ (2n + 1) = nΣ= 1 2n
+ Σ 1
99 99 S n = 2 + 3 + 6 + 11 + … + Tn n=1
(2n) ! (2n) ! n=1
(2n) !
= ∑ (100) − ∑ (x)
2 2
⇒ 0 = 2 + 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + … (Tn − Tn − 1 ) − Tn ∞ ∞
x=0 x=0
⇒ Tn = 2 + 1 + 3 + 5 + ...... + (n − 1) terms
= Σ 1
+Σ
1
99 × 100 × 199 n=1
(2n − 1) ! n = 1 (2n) !
= (100) 3 −
6 Tn = 2 + (n − 1) 2
Now,
n(n − 1) (2n − 1)
⇒ (100) α − (199) β = (100) 3 − (199) (1650) S 1 = ΣTn = 2n +
e−
1
∞
6
On comparing, we get
n(n − 1) (2n − 1) = Σ 1 1 1 1
= + + + K= e
α = 3, β = 1650 ∴ S n (x) = 2n + log a x
n=1
(2n − 1) ! 1! 3! 5! 2
6
Then, the slope of the line passing …(ii)
We have, S 24 (x) = 1093 and 1
through (α, β) and origin is ∞ e + −2
=
β − 0 β 1650
= = = 550
log a x 48 +
24⋅23⋅47
= 1093 Σ 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + K= e
n=1
6 (2n) ! 2! 4! 6! 2
α −0 α 3 …(iii)
1 1 1 1 1
⇒ log x = …(i) and
99 + 2 + 2 + ... + 4 1
3 −1 5 −1 7 −1
2
(201) 2 − 1 ∞ e − −2
is equal to [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
11
S 12 (2x) = ∑ (2 + (n − 1) 2 ) log a 2x Σ 1 1
= + + +K =
1 1 e
n= 0
n=1
(2n + 1) ! 3! 5! 7 ! 2
101 25
(a) (b) 12⋅ 11⋅23 …(iv)
404 101 = 2 × 12 + log a 2x = 265
101 99 6 Using Eqs. (ii), (iii), (iv) in (i),
(c) (d) 1 1 e + 1 − 2
408 400 log a 2x = …(ii) e−
2 1 e e
Ans. (b) S= + 11
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get 4 2 2
1 1 1 1
+ + + …+ 1
32 − 1 52 − 1 7 2 − 1 (201) 2 − 1 log a 2x − log a x =
4 e − 1 − 2
100
1
=∑ = log a 2 =
1 + 29 e
r =1 (2r + 1) 2 − 1 4 2
⇒ a = 16
100
1
=∑
r =1 4 r 2
+ 4 r + 1− 1 1 e 1 11e 11 29e 29
= − + + + − −4
100
1 100
1 101 The sum of the series 4 2 2e 2 2e 2 2e
=∑ =∑ ∞
n2 + 6n + 10
r = 1 2r (2r + 2) r = 1 4(r) (r + 1)
∑ (2n + 1) !
is equal to =
41e 19
− − 10
1 1
100
1 n=1 8 8e
= ∑ −
4 r = 1 r r + 1 [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
41 19 −1 102 The sum of the infinite series
1 1 1 1 1 1 (a) e + e − 10 2 7 12 17 22
− + − + − 8 8 1 + + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + ... is
1 1 2 2 3 3 4
3 3
= 41 19
(b) e − e −1 − 10 3 3 3
4 1 1
+ …… + 100 − 101
8 8 equal to [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
41 19 −1 13 9
(c) e + e + 10 (a) (b)
1 1 1 100 8 8
= 1− = × 4 4
4 101 4 101 41
(d) − e +
19 −1
e − 10 15 11
(c) (d)
25 8 8 4 4
=
101 Ans. (b) Ans. (a)
∞ 2
+ 6n + 10
100 Let Let Σn =S 2 7
Given, S = 1 + + +
12
+…
S n (x) = log a x + log a x + log a x
1 /2 1 /3 1/6
n=1
(2n + 1) ! 3 32 33
∞
+ log a x + log a x + log a x + .... + 24n + 40
2
1 / 11 1 / 18 1 /27 = Σ 4n 2 7 12
Let, S 1 = + 2 + 3 + … …(i)
up to n-terms, where a > 1. If
n=1
4(2n + 1) ! 3 3 3
∞
(2n + 1) 2 + (2n + 1) ⋅ 10 + 29
S24 (x) = 1093 and S 12 (2x) = 265, then =Σ Multiply 1/3 in series Eq. (i),
value of a is equal to ……… .
n=1
4(2n + 1) !
S1 2 7 12
∞ (2n + 1) 2 ∞
(2n + 1).10 = + + +… …(ii)
nΣ +Σ
[2021, 16 March Shift-II]
3 32 33 34
Ans. (16) 1 (2n + 1)(2n) !
=1 n=1
(2n + 1)(2n) !
= Subtract Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
Given, 4 ∞
+ Σ
29
S n (x) = log a 1 / 2 x + log a 1 / 3 x + log a 1 / 6 x S1 2 5 5
n=1
(2n + 1) ! S1 − = + + +…
+ log a 1 / 11 x + log a 1 / 18 x + log a 1 / 27 x + … upto 3 3 32 33
∞
(2n + 1)
∞ ∞
29
= Σ +Σ + Σ
n-terms 1 10
2S 1 2 5 5
S n (x) = 2log a x + 3log a x + 6log a x 4 n=1
(2n) ! n=1
(2n) ! n=1
(2n + 1) ! ⇒ = + 2 + 3 + …
3 3 3 3
+ 11 log a x + 18log a x + 27 log a x + … …(i)
Sequences and Series 137
2 5 /32 5 5 10 10
⇒1 + 10 − 8 ∑ n3 + 4∑ n2 = α − 220 β
20
= + Q + + … is a 107 The sum Σ (1 + 2 + 3 + K + k ) is
3 1 − 1 /3 32 33 n= 1 n= 1 k =1
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I]
geometric series with r = 1 /3, sum upto 2
a 10 × 11 10 × 11 × 21 Ans. (1540)
infinity of this series is , wherea = ⇒11 − 8 + 4
1− r 2 6 20
first term] = α − 220 β The sum ∑ (1 + 2 + 3 + … + k)
k =1
2 5 9 3 10 × 11 10 × 11 21
= + = = ⇒11 − ×4 ×2− k (k + 1) 1 20 2
20
3 6 6 2 2 2 3 =∑ = ∑ (k + k)
k =1 2 2k=1
⇒
3 3 9
S1 = × = = α − 220 β
⇒11 − (20 × 11)(110 − 7) = α − 220 β 1 20 (20 + 1)(40 + 1) 20 (20 + 1)
2 2 4 = +
∴ S = 1 + S1 ⇒11 − 220 (103) = α − 220 β 2 6 2
1
= 1+ =
9 13 ⇒ α = 11 and β = 103 = [(10 × 7 × 41) + (10 × 21)]
2
4 4 ⇒ (α, β) = (11, 103)
= 5[287 + 21] = 5 × 308 = 1540
Hence, option (d) is correct.
103 Let S be the sum of the first 9 Hence, answer 1540 is correct.
terms of the series 105 If 2 10 + 2 9 ⋅ 3 1 + 2 8 ⋅ 32 + .... + 2 ⋅ 3 9 7
n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
108 The sum, ∑ is equal
{x + ka} + {x 2 + (k + 2)a} + {x 3 + (k + 4)a} +3 = S − 2 , then S is equal to
10 11
n=1 4
+ {x + (k + 6)a} + ... where a ≠0 and
4
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I] to ....... . [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
x 10 − x + 45a (x − 1) 3 11
x ≠1. If S = , then k (a) +2 10
(b) 311 Ans. (504)
x −1 2 7
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
(c) 2 ⋅ 311
(d) 311
− 2 12 The sum, ∑
is equal to [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
n= 1 4
(a) −5 (b) 1 Ans. (b)
1 7
= ∑ n(2n + 3n + 1)
2
(c) − 3 (d) 3 Let, λ = 210 + 29 ⋅31 + 28 ⋅32
+ …… + 2⋅39 + 310 …(i) 4n= 1
Ans. (c) 1 7
3
So, λ = 29 ⋅31 + 28 ⋅32 + …… + 310 +
311 = ∑ (2n3 + 3n2 + n)
It is given that S = {x + ka} + {x 2 + (k + 2)a} 4n= 1
2 2
+ { x 3 + (k + 4)a } + { x 4 + (k + 6)a } + .....+
1 7 × (7 + 1)
2
upto 9 terms …(ii) 7 (7 + 1)(14 + 1)
Subtracting Eqs. (ii) from (i), we get = 2 × +3
⇒S = { x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + K+ x 9 } 4 2 6
311 7 (7 + 1)
1
− λ = 210 − +
+ a { k + (k + 2) + (k + 4) } + .....+ (k + 16)}
2 2 1 2
x (x 9 − 1) = [2 × (7 × 4) 2 + (28 × 15) + (7 × 4)]
9 ⇒ λ = 311 − 211
= + a {2k + (9 − 1)2} 4
x−1 2 = (8 × 49) + (7 × 15) + 7
Q λ = 210 + 29 ⋅31 + 28 ⋅32 + … +
x 10 − x = 7 [56 + 15 + 1] = 7 (56 + 16) = 7 × 72 = 504
= + 9a (k + 8) 2⋅3 + 3 = S − 211
9 10
[given]
x−1 Hence, answer is 504.
∴ 311 − 211 = S − 211
x 10 − x + 9a (k + 8) (x − 1) ⇒ S = 311
= 109 The sum of all natural numbers ‘n’
x−1 such that 100 < n < 200 and HCF (91,
x 10 − x + 45a (x − 1) 106 If the sum of the first 20 terms of n) > 1 is
= [given] [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
x−1 the series (a) 3203 (b) 3303 (c) 3221 (d) 3121
So, on comparing, we get log ( 7 ) x + log ( 7 ) x + log ( 7 ) x + … is
1 /2 1 /3 1/4 Ans. (d)
k + 8 = 5 ⇒k = −3
460, then x is equal to The natural numbers between 100 and
Hence, option (c) is correct. 200 are 101, 102, 103, …, 199.
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
(a) 7 2 (b) 7 1 / 2 (c) e 2 (d) 7 46 / 21 Since,91 = 13 × 7, so the natural numbers
104 If 1 + (1 − 2 ⋅ 1) + (1 − 4 ⋅ 3) + (1 − 6 ⋅ 5) +
2 2 2
between 100 and 200 whose HCF with 91
Ans. (a)
L + (1 − 202 ⋅ 19) = α − 220 β, then an is more than 1 are the numbers which are
Given series is either divisible by 7 or 13.
ordered pair (α,β) is equal to
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I] S = log (7 1 / 2 ) x + log (7 1 / 3 ) x + log (7 1 / 4 ) x + ..... + So, the required sum of numbers
upto 20 terms between 100 and 200 = (sum of numbers
(a) (11, 97) (b) (10, 103) divisible by 7) + (sum of numbers divisible
(c) (10, 97) (d) (11, 103) ⇒ S = 2log 7 x + 3log 7 x + 4log 7 x + ....+ by 13) − (sum of numbers divisible by 91)
Ans. (d) upto 20 terms 14 8
= ∑ (98 + 7 r) + ∑ (91 + 13r) − (182)
Given series is ⇒ S = (2 + 3 + 4 + .... + 21) log 7 x = 460 r =1 r =1
[given] 14 × 15
1 + (1 − 22 ⋅ 1) + (1 − 42 ⋅3) + (1 − 62 ⋅ 5) + ... 21 × 22 = (98 × 14) + 7
⇒ – 1 log 7 x = 460 + (91 × 8)
+ (1 − 20 2 ⋅ 19) = α − 220 β 2 2
8 ×9
10 +13 − (182)
⇒1 + ∑ [1 − (2n) (2n − 1)] = α − 220 β ⇒ (231 – 1) log 7 x = 460 ⇒log 7 x = 2 2
2
n= 1 ⇒ x = 72 . = 1372 + 735 + 728 + 468 − 182
= 3303 − 182 = 3121
138 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
110 The sum of the series Now, sum of the given series upto nterms 1 1 15 × 16
and S2 = (1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15) = ×
1 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 4 × 7 +... upto 11th 3 2 2 2
S n = ΣTn = [Σn2 + Σn]
term is [2019, 9 April Shift-II] 2 = 60
3 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1) Therefore, S = S 1 − S 2 = 680 − 60 = 620.
(a) 915 (b) 946 (c) 916 (d) 945 = +
2 6 2
Ans. (b) 113 For x ∈R, let [x] denote the
3 10 × 11 × 21 10 × 11
Given series is ∴S 10 = +
2 6 2 greatest integer ≤ x, then the sum
1 + (2 × 3) + (3 × 5) + (4 × 7) + …upto 11
of the series − + − −
1 1 1
terms. 3 3
= [(5 × 11 × 7) + (5 × 11)] = × 55(7 + 1) +
2 2
3 3 100
Now, the rth term of the series is
a r = r (2r − 1) 1 2 1 99
− 3 − 100 +…+ − 3 − 100 is
3
= × 55 × 8 = 3 × 55 × 4 = 12 × 55 = 660
∴Sum of first 11-terms is 2
11 11
S 11 = ∑ r (2r − 1) = ∑ (2r 2 − r)
[2019, 12 April Shift-I]
r =1 r =1 112 The sum of series (a) − 153 (b) − 133 (c) − 131 (d) − 135
11 11 13 + 23 13 + 23 + 33 Ans. (b)
= 2∑ r 2 − ∑ r 1+ + + ...
r =1 r =1 1+2 1+2 +3 Given series is
11 × (11 + 1)(2 × 11 + 1) 11 × (11 + 1) − 1 + − 1 − 1 + − 1 − 2
=2 − 13 + 23 + 33 + K + 153 3 3 100 3 100
6 2 +
1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15
... + − −
1 99
n 2 n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
∑
Q r = and 1 3 100
r=1 6 − (1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15) is equal to
2 [where, [x] denotes the greatest integer
n n(n + 1) ≤ x]
∑r = 2
[2019, 10 April Shift-II] Now,
r =1 (a) 620 (b) 660 (c) 1240 (d) 1860 − 1 , − 1 − 1 + − 1 − 2 ,…
11 × 12 × 23 11 × 12 Ans. (a) 3 3 100 3 100
= −
+ − −
3 2 Given series, 1 66
= (11 × 4 × 23) − (11 × 6) 13 + 23 13 + 23 + 33 3 100
S = 1+ + + ... + all the term have value − 1
= 11(92 − 6) = 11 × 86 = 946 1+ 2 1+ 2+ 3
and − −
1 67 1 68
13 + 23 + 33 + K + 153 , − − , …,
3 100 3 100
111 The sum of series 1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15
3 × 13 5 × (13 + 23 ) 1 − 1 − 99 all the term have value − 2.
+ 2 2 + − (1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15) 3 100
2
12 1 +2
= S 1 − S 2 (let) So,
7 × (13 + 23 + 33 ) where, − 1 + − 1 − 1 + − 1 − 2 + ... +
+ ....... + upto 10th 3 3 100 3 100
12 + 22 + 32 S1 = 1+
13 + 23 13 + 23 + 33
+ + K+ − 1 − 66
term, is 1+ 2 1+ 2+ 3
[2019, 10 April Shift-I] 3 100
(a) 680 (b) 600 (c) 660 (d) 620 13 + 23 + 33 + K + 153
= − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 K 67 times.
Ans. (c) 1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15
2
= (− 1) × 67 = − 67
Given series is n(n + 1) 1 67 1 68
and − − + − − + K+
3 × 13 5 × (13 + 23 ) 7 × (13 + 23 + 33 )
15
1 + 2 + K+ n
3 3
2
3 15
3 100 3 100
+ + + ... =∑ =∑
1 2
1 +2
2 2
12 + 22 + 33 n= 1 1 + 2+ K+ n n= 1
n(n + 1) − 1 − 99
2 3 100
So, nth term
n 3 n(n + 1) 2 n
n(n + 1) = − 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 K 33 times
Tn =
(3 + (n − 1)2)(13 + 23 + 33 ... + n3 ) Q ∑ r = and ∑ r =
r=1 2 r =1 2 = (−2) × 33 = −66
12 + 22 + 32 + K + n2
∴ − + − −
1 1 1 1 2
15
n(n + 1) 1 15 2 + − − + K+
n (n + 1)
2
=∑ = ∑ (n + n) 3 3 100 3 100
(2n + 1) × 2 2 n= 1
2 n= 1
− 1 − 99
= 1 15 × 16 × 31 15 × 16
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) = + = (− 67) + (− 66) = − 133. 3 100
6 2 6 2
Alternate Solution
n(n + 1)
2
n 2 n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
Q∑ r = Q [− x] = − [x] − 1, if x ∉Integer,
n
[QΣ
r =1
r = 3
2
and
and [x] + x + + x + + K +
r=1 6 1 2
n n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 1 n n
Σ r2 = = [(5 × 8 × 31) + (15 × 8)]
r =1
6 2 x + n − 1
= (5 × 4 × 31) + (15 × 4) = 620 + 60 = 680 n
3n(n + 1) 3 2
So, Tn = = (n + n) = [nx], n ∈N .
2 2
Sequences and Series 139
10
So given series Ans. (c)
= ∑S
2
− 1 + − 1 − 1 + − 1 − 2 + …
k
k =1 We have,a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , … a 49 are in AP.
3 3 100 3 100 5 1 10 12
⇒ A = ∑ (k + 1) 2 ∑a = 416 and a 9 + a 43 = 66
− 1 99
K+
4k + 1
− 12 4 k=1 k =0
3 100 1
= [22 + 32 + 42 + ... 112 ] Let a 1 = a and d = common difference
1 1 1
= − − 1 + − + − 1 4 Q a 1 + a 5 + a 9 + L + a 49 = 416
3 3 100 1 11 × (11 + 1) (2 × 11 + 1) 2
= −1 ∴ a + (a + 4d) + (a + 8d) +
+ − +
1 2
− 1 + K + − +
1 99
− 1 4 6
… (a + 48d) = 416
3 100 3 100 Q n2 = n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
∑
13
6 ⇒ (2a + 48d) = 416
2
= (− 1) × 100 − × 100
1 1 11 × 12 × 23 ⇒ a + 24d = 32 …(i)
= − 1
3 4 6 Also, a 9 + a 43 = 66
= − 100 − 33 = − 133. 1 ∴ a + 8d + a + 42d = 66
= [(22 × 23) − 1]
4 ⇒ 2a + 50d = 66
114 The sum of the following series 1 1 ⇒ a + 25d = 33
9 (12 + 22 + 32 ) 12 (12 + 22 + 32 + 42 ) = [506 − 1] = [505] …(ii)
1+ 6+ + 4 4 Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
7 9 A
15 (1 + 2 + ... + 5 )
2 2 2 ⇒ = 101 ⇒A = 303 a = 8 and d = 1
+ + ... up to 15 3
11 Now, a 12 + a 22 + a 32 + L + a 172 = 140 m
terms is [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II] 116 If the sum of the first 15 terms of 82 + 92 + 10 2 + … + 242 = 140 m
(a) 7510 (b) 7820 the series ⇒ (12 + 22 + 32 + … + 242 ) − (12 + 22
(c) 7830 (d) 7520 3
3 3 3
1 1 + 2 1 + 33 + 3 3
3
+ 32 + … + 7 2 ) = 140 m
+ 24 × 25 × 49 7 × 8 × 15
Ans. (b) 4 2 4 4 ⇒ − = 140 m
General term of the given series is 6 6
+ ... is equal to 225 k, then k is 3×7×8×5
3r (12 + 22 + K + r 2 ) ⇒ (7 × 5 − 1) = 140 m
Tr = equal to [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] 6
2r + 1
(a) 108 (b) 27 (c) 54 (d) 9 ⇒ 7 × 4 × 5 × 34 = 140 m
3r [r (r + 1) (2r + 1)] 1 3
= = (r + r 2 ) Ans. (b) ⇒ 140 × 34 = 140 m ⇒ m = 34
6(2r + 1) 2
Given series is
15
1 15 118 Let A be the sum of the first 20
Now, required sum = ∑Tr = ∑ (r 3 + r 2 )
3 3 3 3
3 1 1 3
+ 1 + 2 + 3 + 3 + ...
3
2r=1 terms and B be the sum of the first
r =1
4 2 4 4
1 n(n + 1) n(n + 1) (2n + 1) 40 terms of the series
2
3 3 3 3
= + 3
Let S = + + +
6 9 12
2 2 6 12 + 2 ⋅ 22 + 32 + 2 ⋅ 42 + 52 + 2 ⋅ 62 + …
n = 15 4 4 4 4
. If B − 2A = 100λ, then λ is equal to
1 n(n + 1) n2 + n 2n + 1 15
3
= + + + … + upto 15 terms [JEE Main 2018]
2 2 2 3 n = 15 4 (a) 232 (b) 248 (c) 464 (d) 496
1 n(n + 1) (3n2 + 7 n + 2) 3
3
Ans. (b)
= = [13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + 53 + ... + 153 ]
2 2 6 n = 15 4 We have,
1 15 × 16 (3 × 225 + 105 + 2) 3
3 15 × 16
2
12 + 2⋅22 + 32 + 2⋅42 + 52 + 2⋅62 + …
= × × =
2 2 6 4 2 A = sum of first 20 terms
= 7820 3 n (n + 1)
2
B = sum of first 40 terms
Q1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = , n ∈N
3 3 3
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k 2
∴ A = 12 + 2⋅22 + 32 + 2⋅42 + 52
115 Let S k = ⋅ + 2⋅62 + … + 2⋅20 2
k 27 225 × 256
5 × = = 27 × 225 A = (1 + 22 + 32 + … + 20 2 ) + (22 + 42
2
If S 21 + S22 + ... + S 210 = A, then A is 64 4 + 62 + … + 20 2 )
12 ⇒ S = 27 × 225 = 225 k [given] A = (1 + 2 + 3 + … + 20 2 )
2 2 2
equal to [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
⇒ k = 27 + 4 (12 + 22 + 32 + …+10 2 )
(a) 156 (b) 301 (c) 283 (d) 303
20 × 21 × 41 4 × 10 × 11 × 21
Ans. (d) 117 Let a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , …, a 49 be in AP such A= +
6 6
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k
Since, S k = 12
20 × 21 20 × 41 × 63
k
k (k + 1) k + 1
that ∑a 4k + 1
= 416 and A=
6
(41 + 22) =
6
= = k =0
2k 2 Similarly
2 a 9 + a 43 = 66. If a 21 + a 22 + … +
k + 1 1 B = (12 + 22 + 32 +…+ 40 2 )
So, Sk =
2
= (k + 1)
2
… (i) a 217 = 140 m, then m is equal to
2 4 + 4(12 + 22 +…+ 20 2 )
[JEE Main 2018]
5 40 × 41 × 81 4 × 20 × 21 × 41
Now, A = S 21 + S 22 + S 23 + ... S 210 (a) 66 (b) 68 (c) 34 (d) 33 B= +
12 6 6
140 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
40 × 41 40 × 41 × 123 Given series is n
B=
6
(81 + 42) =
6 13 13 + 23 13 + 23 + 33
Statement II ∑ [k 3
− (k − 1) 3 ] = n3 ,
Now, B − 2A = 100λ + + + ... ∞ k =1
1 1+ 3 1+ 3+ 5
40 × 41 × 123 2 × 20 × 21 × 63 for any natural number n.
∴ − = 100 λ LetTn be the nth term of the given series. [AIEEE 2012]
6 6
13 + 23 + 33 + ... + n3 (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
40 ∴ Tn =
⇒ (5043 − 1323) = 100 λ 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + to n terms true
6
40 2 (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
⇒ × 3720 = 100 λ n(n + 1) true; Statement II is a correct
6 (n + 1) 2
= 22 = explanation of Statement I
⇒ 40 × 620 = 100 λ n 4 (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
40 × 620 9
(n + 1) 2
⇒ λ= = 248 S9 = ∑ true; Statement II is not a correct
100 n= 1 4 explanation of Statement I
1 2 (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
119 If the sum of the first ten terms of = [(2 + 32 + K + 10 2 ) + 12 − 12 ] false
the series 4
1 10 (10 + 1)(20 + 1) 384 Ans. (b)
3
2
2
2
1
2 = −1 = = 96
1 +
2 + 3 + 42 4 6 4 Statement I
5 5 5
S = (1) + (1 + 2 + 4) + (4 + 6 + 9) + (9 + 12 + 16)
2
4 16 121 The sum of first 20 terms of the + K + (361 + 380 + 400)
+ 4 + K , is m, then m is sequence 0. 7 , 0. 77 , 0. 777 ,…, is
5 5 S = (0 + 0 + 1) + (1 + 2 + 4) + (4 + 6 + 9)
[JEE Main 2013]
equal to [JEE Main 2016] + (9 + 12 + 16) + K + (361 + 380 + 400)
7 7
(a) 102 (b) 101 (c) 100 (d) 99 (a) (179 − 10− 20 ) (b) (99 − 10− 20 ) Now, we can clearly observe the first
81 9 elements in each bracket.
Ans. (b)
7 7 In second bracket, the first element is
Let S 10 be the sum of first ten terms of (c) (179 + 10− 20 ) (d) (99 + 10− 20 )
81 9 1 = 12
the series. Then, we have In third bracket, the first element is4 = 22
2 2 2 2 Ans. (c)
3
S 10 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 42 + 4
2 1 4 In fourth bracket, the first element is
5 5 5 5 0.7 + 0.77 + 0.777 + … + upto 20 terms 9 = 32
7 77 777
… … … … … … … … … …
+ ... to 10 terms = + + + … + upto 20 terms
2 22 2 10 102 10 3 In last bracket, the first element is
= + + + 42 +
8 12 16 24 361 = 192
5 5 5 5
= 7 + 2 + 3 + … + upto 20 terms
1 11 111 Hence, we can conclude that there are
+ ... to 10 terms 10 10 10 20 brackets in all.
1 2 79
+ … + upto 20 terms
= (8 + 122 + 162 + 20 2 + 242 99 999 Also, in each of the brackets, there are 3
= + +
52 9 10 100 1000 terms out of which the first and last
+ ... to 10 terms) terms are perfect squares of
1 − + 1 − 2 + 1 − 3
42 2 7 1 1 1
= consecutive integers and the middle
= (2 + 32 + 42 + 52 + ... to 10 terms) 9 10 10 10
52 term is their product.
42 +…+ upto 20 terms] ⇒ The general term of the series is
= 2 (22 + 32 + 42 + 52 + ... + 112 )
5 7 Tr = (r − 1) 2 + (r − 1) r + (r) 2
= (1 + 1 +…+ upto 20 terms)
16 2 9
= ((1 + 22 + ... + 112 ) − 12 ) ⇒The sum of the n terms of the series is
− + 2 + 3 +…+ upto 20 terms
25 1 1 1 n
16 11 ⋅ (11 + 1) (2 ⋅ 11 + 1) 10 10 S n = ∑ [(r − 1) 2 + (r − 1) r + (r) 2 ]
− 1
10
= r =1
25 6 1 1
20
1 − n 3
r − (r − 1) 3
16 16 10 10 Sn = ∑
= (506 − 1) = × 505 = 20 −
7
25 25 r = 1 r − (r − 1)
9 1
16 16 1−
⇒ m= × 505 ⇒ m = 101 10 [Q a 3 − b 3 = (a − b)(a 2 + ab + b 2 )]
5 25 n
a (1 − r n ) ⇒ S n = ∑ [r 3 − (r − 1) 3 ]
120 The sum of first 9 terms of the QS n = 1 − r , where 1 > r r =1
13 1 + 2 13 + 23 + 33
3 3 n
7 Now, let S n = ∑ [k − (k − 1) 3 ]
3
series + + + ... 1
20
= 20 − 1 −
1
1 1+3 1+3 + 5 9 9
10
k =1
is On substituting the value of k, we get
[JEE Main 2015]
7 179 1 1 7
20
= + = (179 + 10 − 20 ) n
(a) 71 (b) 96 (c) 142 (d) 192 9 9 9 10 81 Sn = ∑ [k 3 − (k − 1) 3 ]
k =1
Ans. (b)
Central Idea Write the nth term of the = (13 − 0 3 ) + (23 − 13 )
122 Statement I The sum of the series
given series and simplify it to get its + (33 − 23 ) + K+ [n3 − (n − 1) 3 ]
1 + (1 + 2 + 4) + (4 + 6 + 9) + (9 + 12 + 16)
lowest form. Then, apply, S n = ΣTn . On rearranging the terms, we get
+ K + (361 + 380 + 400) is 8000.
Sequences and Series 141
S n = − 0 3 + (13 − 13 ) + (23 − 23 ) + (33 − 33 ) ⇒ d + d + d + K + 100 times = (α − β) e2 + 1 2 2
⇒ − 2 = + + ... ∞
+ K + [(n − 1) 3 − (n − 1) 3 ] + n3 ⇒ 100 d = (α − β) e 2! 4!
⇒ S n = n3 α −β e2 + 1 − 2e 1 1
∴ d= ⇒ = 2 + + ... ∞
Since, the number of terms is 20, hence 100 e 2! 4!
substituting n = 20, we get (e − 1) 2 1 1
⇒ = + + ... ∞
S 20 = 8000 124 The sum to the infinity of the series 2e 2! 4!
Hence, Statement I is correct. 2 6 10 14
1 + + 2 + 3 + 4 +…is
Statement II We have already proved in 3 3 3 3 127 The sum of the series
[AIEEE 2009]
the Statement I, that 1 1 1
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 2 − + − . . . upto ∞ is equal
⋅ ⋅ ⋅4
n
S n = ∑ [k − (k − 1) ] = n
3 3 3 1 2 2 3 3
Ans. (a)
k =1 2 6 10 14
Let S = 1+ + + + +… to [AIEEE 2003]
Hence, Statement II is also correct and is 3 32 33 34 (a) 2 log e 2 (b) log e 2 − 1
a correct explanation of Statement I. 2 6 10 14 4
⇒ S − 1= + 2 + 3 + 4 + … …(i) (c) log e 2 (d) log e
Caution If you have solved the series in 3 3 3 3 e
Statement I, in the following way, then S−1 2 6 10 14
⇒ = 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + … …(ii) Ans. (d)
you may get option (b) as the correct 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1
answer.
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get Now, − + − ...
The sum of the n terms of the series is 1⋅2 2⋅3 3⋅4
2 2 4 4 4
(S − 1) = + 2 + 3 + 4 + … 1 1 1
= 1 − − − + − − ...
n
1 1
S n = ∑ [(r − 1) 2 + (r − 1) r + (r) 2 ] 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 3 3 4
r =1 2 2 2
⇒ S − 1= 1+ + 2 + 3 + … 1 1 1
n
= 1 − 2⋅ + 2⋅ − 2⋅ + …
⇒ Sn = ∑ (3 r − 3 r + 1) 3 3 3
2
2 3 4
2 /3
r =0
⇒ S =2+ =2+ 1=3 1 1 1
n n n 1 − 1 /3 = 2 1 − + − + ... − 1
Sn = 3 ∑ r2 − 3 ∑ r + 2 3 4
⇒ ∑1 125 The sum of the series 4
r =1 r =1 r =1
= 2log (1 + 1) − 1 = log 22 − log e = log e
n (n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1) 1 1 1 e
⇒ Sn = 3 −3 +n 1+ + + + . . . ∞ is
6 2 4 ⋅ 2! 16 ⋅ 4! 64 ⋅ 6!
Since, the number of terms is 20, hence [AIEEE 2005]
128 The value of 2 1/ 4 ⋅ 4 1/ 8 ⋅ 8 1/ 16 . . . ∞ is
substituting n = 20, we get e+1 e−1 e+1 e−1 [AIEEE 2002]
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3
20 (21)(41) 20 (21) 2 e 2 e e e (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 4
S 20 = 3 −3 + 20 = 8000 2
6 2 Ans. (a)
Ans. (b)
Whenever we are solving a question of We know that,
this Statement I, Statement II type, then ex + e−x x2 x4 x6 Let S = 21 / 4 ⋅ 41 / 8 ⋅ 81 / 16 ...
= 1+ + + + ...
we should try our level best to exhaust 2 2! 4! 6! = 21 / 4 ⋅ 22 / 8 ⋅ 23 / 16 K
1 2 3
every possibility that Statement II 1 1 + + + ... 1
On putting x = both sides, we get = 24
2 22
= 24
(S 1 )
cannot be used to explain Statement I in 2
any way before marking (b) as the e 1 / 2 + e −1 / 2
2
1 1 1 1
4
2 3
= 1+ + + ... where, S 1 = 1 + + + ... ∞
answer, otherwise we may end up 2 22
2 2 2! 2 4!
finding the wrong answer.
e+1 1 1 1 It is an infinite arithmetic geometric
Since, these kind of questions are very ⇒ = 1+ + + + ... ∞
2 e 4 ⋅ 2! 16 ⋅ 4! 64 ⋅ 6! progression.
tricky and ambiguous, that is the reason a d⋅r
why they are no more asked in IIT-JEE ∴ S1 = +
1 − r (1 − r) 2
from the last 2 yr. 126 The sum of the series
1 1 1 1
1⋅
+ + + . . . is 1 2
123 Let a n be the nth term of an AP. If 2! 4! 6! [AIEEE 2004] = + =2+ 2=4
1 1
2
100 100
( e 2 − 1) ( e − 1) 2 1− 1−
∑a
r =1
2r
= α and ∑ a 2 r − 1 = β, then the
r =1
(a)
2
(b)
2e
2 2
1
( e 2 − 1) (e 2 − 2)
(4)
common difference of the AP is (c) (d) ∴ S = 24 =2
[AIEEE 2011] 2e e
α −β α −β Ans. (b) ∞ (log e x) n
(a) (b) α − β (c) (d) β − α 129 ∑ is equal to
200 100 We know that, n=0 n! [AIEEE 2002]
1 1 1 1
Ans. (c) e = 1 + + + + + ... ∞ …(i) (a) log e x (b) x
1! 2! 3! 4!
Given, a 2 + a 4 + a 6 + K + a 200 = α …(i) (c) log x e (d) None of these
1 1 1 1
and a 1 + a 3 + a 5 + K + a 199 = β …(ii) and e −1 = 1 − + − + − ... ∞ …(ii)
1! 2! 3! 4! Ans. (b)
∞
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get (log e x) n log e x (log e x) 2
(a 2 − a 1 ) + (a 4 − a 3 ) + (a 6 − a 5 )
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ∑ n!
= 1+
1!
+
2!
+ ...
2 2 n= 0
+ K + (a 200 − a 199 ) = α − β e + e −1 = 2 + + + ... ∞
=e =x
log x
2! 4! e
142 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
08
Limits, Continuity
and Differentiability
TOPIC 1 Ans. (c) Limit exists only ifa2 = 1
Limits of Algebraic, Qα, β are distinct roots of x2 + bx + c = 0 ∴ a=± 1
⇒ x2 + bx + c = (x − α) (x − β) = 0 −x + 1
Exponential and Logarithmic 2
⇒ lim =b
+ bx + c ) x→ ∞
Function e2 (x − 1 − 2(x2 + bx + c) x2 − x + 1 + ax
Now, lim
(x − β)2 1
x→ β −1 +
x −1
e2 (x − α) (x − β) − 1 − 2(x − α) (x − β) ⇒ lim =b ⇒ =b
01 Let f :R → R be a continuous = lim x→ ∞ 1 1 1 +a
2 x→ β (x − β)2 1− + 2 + a
sec x
π x x
4 ∫ f (x)dx = lim
e 2 (β − α + h ) h
− 1 − 2(β − α + h)h But a≠−1
function. Then, lim 2
is h→ 0 h2 ⇒ a=1
π π2 2 1
x→ 2(β − α + h)h ∴ b=−
4 x2 − 1 + 2( β − α + h)h + 2
16 2!
1
equal to [2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II] + ... − 1 − 2h(β − α + h) (a, b) = 1, −
= lim 2
(a) f(2 ) (b) 2f(2) h→ 0 h2 9 x
(c) 2 f( 2 ) (d) 4f(2) 2(β − α + h ) h + ... 2 2 04 lim ∑
= lim x → 2
n = 1 n(n + 1) x + 2(2n + 1) x + 4
2
Ans. (b) h→ 0 h2
2
Using L-Hopital’s rule = 2(β −α ) = 2(b2 − 4c ) is equal to [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
π
⋅2 sec x ⋅ sec x ⋅ tan x ⋅f (sec2 x) − 0 9 5
(a) (b)
lim 4
π
03 If lim ( x 2 − x + 1 − ax) = b, then the 44 24
x→ 2x x→ ∞
4 1 7
(c) (d)
[using Leibnitz theorem] ordered pair (a, b) is 5 36
π [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
⋅2( 2) ⋅ (1) f (2)
2 Ans. (a)
1 1
= 4 = 2f (2) (a) 1, (b) 1, − We have,
π 2 2
2⋅ S = lim ∑
9 x
4 1 1
n(n + 1) x + 2 (2n + 1) x + 4
2
(c) − 1, (d) − 1, − x →2 n = 1
2 2 9 2
= ∑
02 If α, β are the distinct roots of + 3n + 2)
n = 1 4(n2
Ans. (b)
x 2 + bx + c = 0, then 1 9 (n + 2) − (n + 1)
= ∑
Given, lim ( x − x + 1 − ax) = b
2
2
e 2( x + bx + c )
− 1 − 2 (x 2 + bx + c) x→ ∞ 2 n = 1 (n + 1) (n + 2)
lim is ⇒ lim ( x2 − x + 1 − ax) 1 9 1 1
x→β (x − β) 2 = ∑ −
x→ ∞
2 n = 1 n + 1 n + 2
( x2 − x + 1) + ax
equal to [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] =b 1 1 1 1
= − + − + ....+ −
1 1 1
(a) b2 + 4c ( x2 − x + 1 + ax) 2 2 3 3 4 10 11
(b) 2 (b2 + 4c) x2 − x + 1 − a2 x2
⇒ lim =b 1 1 1 1 11 − 2 9
(c) 2 (b2 − 4c) x→ ∞
= − = × =
x2 − x + 1 + ax 2 2 11 2 2 × 11 44
(d)b2 − 4c
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 143
05 Let f : R → R be a function such that 10α (1 + 0) ⋅ r + 0 r
⇒ = 10 ⇒α = 6 = = …(ii)
6 2 2
f (2) = 4 and f ′ (2) = 1. Then, the value Now, α = β ⇒β = 6 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), by Sandwich
x 2f (2) − 4f (x) − 3α theorem, we conclude that,
of lim is equal to Again, γ= ⇒γ = − 9
x→ 2 x −2 2 [r] + [2r] + [3r] + … + [nr] r
[2021, 27 July Shift-I] lim =
∴ α + β + γ = 6 + 6 − 9 = 12 − 9 = 3 n→ ∞ n2 2
(a) 4 (b) 8
Sandwich Theorem
(c) 16 (d) 12 07 The value of ⇒ Let g (x) ≤ f (x) ≤ h(x)
Ans. (d) [r] + [2r] +……+ [nr]
lim , where r is and lim g (x) = lim h(x) = l
f(2) = 4, f′ (2) = 1 n→ ∞ n2 x→ a x→ a
x2f (2) − 4f (x) non-zero real number and [r] ∴ lim f (x) = l
Now, lim x→ a
x→2 x −2 denotes the greatest integer less ae x − bcos x + ce − x
0
Applying L-Hospital Rule as form on than or equal to r, is equal to 08 If lim =2,
0 [2021, 17 March Shift-II] x→ 0 x sin x
putting x = 2 r then a + b + c is equal to ……… .
(a) (b) r (c) 2r (d) 0
2x f (2) − 4f ′ (x) 2 [2021, 16 March Shift-I]
So, lim
x→2 1 Ans. (a) Ans. (4)
= 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ f (2) − 4f ′ (2) ae x − b cos x + ce − x
As, we know that, We have, lim =2
= 4 ⋅ 4 − 4 ⋅ 1 = 12
r ≤ [r] < r + 1 x→ 0 x sin x
α xe x −β log e (1 + x) + γx 2 e − x 2r ≤ [2r] < 2r + 1 ⇒
06 If lim 2 3r ≤ [3r] < 3r + 1 x2 x2 x 4
x→ 0 x sin x a 1 + x + … − b 1 − + …
M M M 2! 2 4!
=10, α, β, γ ∈R, then the value of
α + β + γ is … . [2021, 20 July Shift-II] nr ≤ [nr] < nr + 1 x2
+ c 1 − x + …
2!
Adding
Ans. (3)
(r + 2r + 3r + 4r + … + nr) ≤ [r] + [2r] + [3r] lim
α x e x − β log e (1 + x) + γx2 e − x + [4r] + ... [nr] < (r + 1) + (2r + 1) + (3r + 1)
x→ 0 x3
lim = 10 x x − + …
x→ 0 x sin2 x + (4r + 1) + … + (nr + 1) 3!
α x e x − β log e (1 + x) + γx2 e − x ⇒r (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + n) ≤ [r] + [2r] (a − b + c) + (a − c) x
Now, lim + [3r] + … + [nr]
x→ 0 x sin2 x a b c
< (r + 2r + 3r + … + nr) + (1 + 1 + 1 + … + 1) + + + x2 + …
144 42444 3 2 2 2
n− times ⇒ lim
α x (1 + x + x2 /2 + ..) − β n(n + 1)
x→ 0 x4
⇒ r⋅ ≤ [r] + [2r] + [3r] + … + [nr] x2 − +…
6
x2 x 3 2
x − + ... − γx2 (1 − x + x2 /2 ...)
2 3 r ⋅ (n(n + 1)) Here, in numerator, all the coefficients
= lim < +n of x k , where k < 2 has to be zero, then
2
x→ 0 x sin2 x only limit will exist.
n(n + 1)
x (α + β) + x (α + β /2 + γ) + x 3
2
r⋅ a −b + c =0
2
x ⇒ a − c =0
α β n2
− − γ ... ⇒ a=c
2 3 [r] + [2r] + [3r] + … + [nr]
= lim ≤ ⇒ b = 2a
x→ 0 x sin2 x n2
After solving limit,
For limit to exist, the numerator must n(n + 1) a+b+ c
r⋅ +n
have degree greater than or equal to 2 =2
denominator. < 2
n2 So, a + 2a + a = 4
Degree of denominator = 3
n⋅ n 1 + ⋅ r
1
∴ For limit to exist, α − β =0 ...(i) ⇒ a=1
n(n + 1) ⋅ r n
β Now, lim = lim ∴ a = 1, b = 2 and c = 1
and α + + γ =0 ...(ii) 2⋅ n2
n→ ∞ n→ ∞ 2n2
2 a + b + c = 1+ 2+ 1=4
(1 + 0) ⋅ r r
= = …(i)
Also, for terms greater than degree ‘3’, 2 2 ax − (e 4x − 1)
gives 0 as x → 0
n(n + 1)
09 If lim exists and is
α β ⋅r + n x→ 0 ax (e 4x − 1)
∴ − − γ = 10 ...(iii) 2
and lim
2 3
n→ ∞ n2 equal to b, then the value of a − 2b
From Eq. (i), β = α
n(n + 1) ⋅ r + 2n is ……… . [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
α 3α = lim
From Eq. (ii), γ = + α = − n→ ∞ 2n2
2 2 Ans. (5)
n2 1 + r +
Putting these in Eq. (iii), 1 2 ax − (e 4 x − 1) 0 form
n lim = L (say)
α α 3α 3α − 2α + 9α = lim n x→ 0 ax (e 4 x − 1) 0
− + = 10 ⇒ = 10
2 3 2 6 n→ ∞ 2n2
144 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
1
Apply L - Hospital rule, ⇒ 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = 820 1/ 3 1− 1/ 3
3 42 / 3 24 / 3
=
4 4 3 2 2
a − 4e 4 x n (n + 1) = = = =
L = lim ⇒ = 820 4 (3) 2
2−
1
35 / 3 35 / 3 3 9
x → 0 a (e 4 x
− 1) + ax (4e 4 x ) 2 3 3
⇒ n(n + 1) = 1640 = 40 × 41 ⇒ n = 40 Hence, option (d) is correct.
[Limit exist everywhere excepta = 4]
Again, applyL-Hospital rule, ( 1 + x2 + x 4 − 1) / x
12 Let [t] denote the greatest integer x (e − 1)
−16e 4 x 14 lim
L = lim ≤ t. If for some λ ∈R − {0, 1}, x→ 0
x → 0 a (4e ) + a (4e 4 x ) + ax (16e 4 x )
4 x
1 − x + | x| 1+ x + x −1 2 4
=
−16
=
−2 lim = L, then L is equal [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
x → 0 λ − x + [x]
4a + 4a a (a) is equal to e (b) is equal to 1
−2 −1 to [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
= = (use a = 4) (c) is equal to 0 (d) does not exist
4 2 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 0 Ans. (b)
Given, L = b 2
−2 −1 Ans. (b) ( 1 + x 2 + x 4 – 1) / x
⇒ = =b Lim x (e – 1)
x→ 0
a 2 For some λ ∈ R − {0, 1} 1+ x + x –1
2 4
−1
Then,a − 2b = 4 − 2 = 4 + 1 = 5 lim
1 − x + | x|
=L ( 1 + x 2 + x 4 – 1) / x
–1
2 Lim e
x → 0 λ − x + [x] = x→ 0 =1
n ( 1 + x + x – 1) / x
2 4
1 + 1 + ...... + 1 ⇒ L = lim
1−x − x
Lim (1 + x2 + x 4 ) 1/ 2 – 1
λ−1 =0
10 lim 1 + 2 2 n x → 0− Q x→ 0
x
n→ ∞ n 1− x + x e –1
y
= lim and Lim = 1
λ −0
x→ 0+
y→ 0
y
is equal to 1 1 1 ( x − 1) 2
∫0
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
⇒ L= = Q |λ − 1 | = | λ | ⇒ = t cos(t 2 ) dt
1 1 |λ − 1 | | λ | 2 15 lim
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) 1
2 e ∴ L =2 x→ 1 (x − 1) sin(x − 1)
Ans. (d)
(a + 2x) 1/ 3 − (3x) 1/ 3
Given, limit form is 1∞ . 13 lim (a ≠ 0) is [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
1+ 1 + 1 + … + 1 x→ a (3a + x) 1/ 3 − (4x) 1/ 3 1
(a) is equal to (b) is equal to 1
lim 2 3 n 2
n→ ∞ n equal to [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
1
L=e 4/ 3 4/ 3 (c) is equal to − (d) does not exist
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 (a) (b)
S = 1+ + + + + + +… 3 9 Ans. (*) (x − 1) 2
2 3 4 5 6 7 1/ 3 1/ 3 ∫ t cos(t2 ) dt
2 2 2 2 L = lim 0
Clearly, (c) (d) x → 1 (x − 1) sin(x − 1)
9 3 3 9
1 1
S < 1 + + + + + + + … +
1 1 1 1
2 2 4 4 4 4 Ans. (d) Let x − 1 = h, so as x → 1 ⇒h→ 0
1 1 (a + 2x) 1/ 3 − (3x) 1/ 3 h2
, (a ≠ 0) form
n + …+ n 0 t cos(t2 )dt
∫
lim
2 2 x→ a (3a + x) 1/ 3
− (4x) 1/ 3 0
1442443
2 n times ∴ L = lim 0
Put x = a + h h→ 0 h sinh
S < 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ …+ 1 (a + 2a + 2h) 1/ 3 − (3a + 3h) 1/ 3
So, lim
S< n+ 1 h→ 0 (3a + a + h) 1 / 3 − (4a + 4h) 1 / 3
n+ 1 On applying L’Hospital rule, we get
lim
n → ∞ 2 n + 1 − 1
2h
1/ 3
3h
1/ 3
∴ L=e ⇒ L = e0 (3a) 1/ 3 1 + − 1 + h2 (cos(h4 )) ⋅2h
L = lim
3a 3h
h→ 0 h cosh + sinh
∴ L=1 = lim
h→ 0
1 / 3
4
1/ 3
x + x 2 + x 3 +....+ x n − n h
(4a) 1/ 3 1 + − 1 +
h 2h2 cos(h4 ) 0 × 1
= lim = =0
11 If lim = 820, 4a 4a h→ 0 sinh 1 + 1
x→ 1 x −1 cosh +
2h 3h h
1 + 9a − 1 − 9a + higher
(n∈ N) then the value of n is equal (*) None option is correct.
to ……… [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] 1/ 3 3 x + 3 3 − x − 12
3
= lim
degree terms 16 lim is equal to ……… .
Ans. (40)
h→ 0 4 h 4h x→ 2 3 − x/2 − 3 1− x
Given, 1 + − 1− + higher [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
12a 12 a
x + x2 + x 3 + K + x n − n Ans. (36)
lim = 820, (n∈N ) degree terms
x→ 1 x−1 3x + 33 − x − 12 0 form
2 3 −1 lim
1/ 3 − 1/ 3 x →2 3− x / 2 − 31 − x 0
x − 1 x − 1 x − 1 2
x − 1 3 n
3 3
⇒ lim + + + ... + = 9 9 = 9
x→ 1 x −1
x − 1 x − 1 x −1 4 1 − 4 4 −3 Put x = 2 + h as x → 2 ⇒ h→ 0
= 820 12 12 12
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 145
x4 −1 x3 − k 3
32 + h + 31 − h − 12 18 If lim = lim , then k is Clearly, maximum off (x) occurred at
= lim h x→ 1 x −1 x→ k x2 − k 2 x =2, so α = 2.
h→ 0 −1 −
3 2
− 3 −1 − h
[2019, 10 April Shift-I] and minimum of g (x) occurred at x = − 1,
(a)
4
(b)
3
(c)
3
(d)
8 so β = − 1.
9⋅3h + 3⋅3− h − 12
= lim 3 8 2 3 ⇒ αβ = − 2
h→ 0 1 − h / 2
(3 − 3− h ) Ans. (d)
3 (x − 1) (x2 − 5x + 6)
Now, lim
x4 − 1 x 3 − k3 x → − αβ x2 − 6x + 8
9(3(3h − 1) + (3− h − 1)) Given, lim = lim 2
= lim x→ 1 x − 1 x → k x − k2
h→ 0 3− h (3h / 2 − 1) (x − 1) (x − 3) (x − 2)
(x − 1)(x + 1)(x2 + 1) = lim [Qαβ = − 2]
⇒ lim x→2 (x − 4) (x −2)
3h − 1 3− h − 1 x→ 1 x−1
3 h + (−h) (x − 1) (x − 3)
h −h (x − k)(x2 + k2 + xk) = lim
= lim 9⋅3h = lim x→2 (x − 4)
h→ 0 h /2 − 1 h x→ k (x − k)(x + k)
h /2 (2 − 1) (2 − 3)
3 2 3k2
⇒ 2×2= ⇒ k=
8 =
2k 3 (2 − 4)
3h − 1 3− h − 1
3 − 1 × (− 1) 1
h −h x 2 − ax + b = =
= lim 9⋅3h 19 If lim = 5, then a + b is (− 2) 2
h→ 0 1 3h / 2 − 1 x→ 1 x −1
equal to [2019, 10 April Shift-II] 1+ 1+ y 4 − 2
2 h /2
(a) − 4 (b) 1 (c) − 7 (d) 5 21 lim
y→ 0 y4
3log e 3 − log e 3 Ans. (c) [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
=9×1 1
1 x − ax + b
2
(a) exists and equals
log e 3 It is given that lim =5 …(i)
2 x→ 1 x−1
4 2
3 − 1 (b) does not exist
= 9 = 36 Since, limit exist and equal to 5 and 1
1 /2 denominator is zero at x = 1,so numerator (c) exists and equals
2 2
ah − 1 x2 − ax + b should be zero at x = 1,
[Qlim 3h = 30 = 1 and lim = log e a] 1
h→ 0 h→ 0 h So 1 − a + b = 0 ⇒ a = 1 + b …(ii) (d) exists and equals
2 2 ( 2 + 1)
1/ x2 On putting the value of ‘a’ from Eq. (ii) in
3x 2 + 2 Ans. (a)
17 lim 2 is equal to Eq. (i), we get
x → 0 7 x + 2 x2 − (1 + b) x + b
lim =5 1+ 1 + y4 − 2
x→ 1 x−1 Clearly, lim
(a) e 2
(b) e y→ 0 y4
1 1 (x2 − x) − b (x − 1)
(c) 2 (d) ⇒ lim =5
e e x→ 1 x−1 1+ 1+ y4 − 2 1 + 1+ y4 + 2
(x − 1) (x − b) = lim ×
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] ⇒ lim =5 y→ 0 y 4
x→ 1 x−1 1+ 1 + y4 + 2
Ans. (c)
1/ x 2
⇒ lim (x − b) = 5 [rationalising the numerator]
3x2 + 2 x→ 1
Given limit lim 2 = P (let), (1 + 1 + y4 ) − 2
x→ 0 7 x + 2
⇒ 1−b = 5 ⇒ b = −4 …(iii)
= lim
On putting value of ‘b’ from Eq. (iii) to y→ 0
having 1∞ form, y4 ( 1 + 1 + y 4 + 2)
Eq. (ii), we get
1 3x 2
+2
lim
x→ 0 x 2 7 x 2 + 2
− 1 a = −3 [Q(a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2 ]
∴ P=e So, a+b=−7
{Q If lim (f (x)) g (x ) have indeterminant 1 + y4 − 1 1 + y4 + 1
= lim ×
x→ a
form 1∞ , then 20 Let f (x) = 5 − | x − 2| and g (x) = | x + 1|, y→ 0
1 + y4 + 1
lim g (x )(f (x ) − 1) y4 ( 1 + 1 + y 4 + 2)
lim (f (x)) g (x )
=e x→ a
} x ∈R. If f (x) attains maximum value
x→ a [again, rationalising the numerator]
at α and g (x) attains minimum value
1 3x 2
+ 2 − 7x−2 2
y4
lim
x→ 0 x 2
(x − 1) (x 2 − 5x + 6) = lim
⇒ P=e
7x2 + 2 of β, then lim y→ 0
y4 ( 1 + 1 + y 4 + 2) ( 1 + y 4 + 1)
x → − αβ x 2 − 6x + 8
1 4x 2
−4
lim − lim 1
x→ 0 x 2 7 x 2 +2 x→ 0 7 x 2 + 2 is equal to [2019, 12 April Shift-II] =
=e =e 2 2 ×2
(a) 1/2 (b) − 3 /2 (c) − 1 /2 (d) 3/2
On applying limit, we get (by cancelling y 4 and then by direct
Ans. (a)
1 substitution).
P = e −4 / 2 = e −2 = Given functions aref (x) = 5 − | x − 2 |
e2 1
=
Hence, option (c) is correct. and g (x) = | x + 1 |, where x ∈ R. 4 2
146 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
22 For each t ∈R, let [t] be the But f : R → [0, ∞) Ans. (a)
f (a) g (x) − f (a) − g (a)f (x) + g (a)
greatest integer less than or equal ∴ Range of f (x) ≥ 0 ⇒ lim f (x) = 3 lim =4
x→ 5 x→ a g (x) − f (x)
to t. Then, 2x
1 2 15 a b Applying L’Hospital rule, we get
lim x + +…+ 24 If lim 1 + + 2 = e 2 , then the
x x
x→ 0 + x x→ ∞ x x lim
f (a) g ′ (x) − g (a)f ′ (x)
=4
[JEE Main 2018]
x→ a g ′ (x) − f ′ (x)
values of a and b are [AIEEE 2004]
(a) is equal to 0 kg ′ (x) − kf ′ (x)
(a) a ∈ R, b ∈ R (b) a = 1, b ∈ R ⇒ lim =4
(b) is equal to 15 (c) a ∈ R, b = 2 (d) a = 1, b = 2
x→ a g ′ (x) − f ′ (x)
(c) is equal to 120 Ans. (b) ∴ k =4
(d) does not exist (in R) x
2x
x + 5x + 3
2
Now, lim 1 + + 2
a b
Ans. (c) 27 lim 2 is equal to
x→ ∞ x + x + 2
x→ ∞ x x
Key idea Use property of greatest a b
+
integer function [x] = x − { x }. 2x
x x2 [AIEEE 2002]
= lim 1 + +
a b a
+
b
1 2
(a) e 4 (b) e2
15 x→ ∞ x x2
We have, lim x + + …+
2 x x
x x x (c) e 3 (d) e
x→ 0 + a
lim 2 x +
b
Ans. (a)
x→ ∞ x x2
We know, [x] = x − { x } =e x
1 = 1 − 1 x2 + 5x + 3
∴ Now, lim 2
x x x Q lim (1 + x) 1/ x = e
x → ∞ x→ ∞ x + x +2
n = n − n 4x + 1
x
Similarly,
x x x = e2 a = lim 1 + 2
2x x→ ∞ x + x + 2
But lim 1 + + 2 = e2
a b
∴Given limit
1 x→ ∞ x x (4 x + 1) x
= lim x − + − + …
1 2 2
+ x
1
(4 x + 1) x2 + x +2
x→ 0 x x x ⇒ e2 a = e2 4x + 1 x 2
+ x +2
15 15 = lim 1 + 2
− ⇒ a=1 x→ ∞ x + x + 2
x x
and b ∈R
= lim (1 + 2 + 3+ ...+15) − x 4+ 1
x→ 0 + log (3 + x) − log (3 − x)
x
1 2 15 25 If lim = k , then lim
+ + ... + x→ 0 x
x→ ∞
1+ +
1 2
x x x =e x x2
the value of k is [AIEEE 2003]
= 120 − 0 = 120 x
(a) 0 (b) –1/3 = e4 1
Q lim 1 + = e
Q0 ≤ < 1, therefore
n
x→ 0 x
x (c) 2/3 (d) –2/3
x
0 ≤ x n < x ⇒ lim x n = 0 Ans. (c) x − 3
28 For x ∈R, lim is equal to
x x→ 0 + x log (3 + x) − log (3 − x) x → ∞ x + 2
Q lim =k
x→ 0 x
[AIEEE 2002]
23 Letf : R → [0, ∞) be such that lim f (x) [using L’Hospital rule]
x→ 5 1 1 (a) e (b) e −1
+
[f (x)] 2 − 9 3 + x 3 − x (c) e −5 (d) e 5
exists and lim = 0. Then, ⇒ lim =k
x→ 0 1 Ans. (c)
x→ 5 | x − 5| 1 1
⇒ + =k x −3
x
lim f (x) is equal to [AIEEE 2011] 3 3 Now, lim
x→ 5 x → ∞ x + 2
2
∴ k= x
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 3 5
= lim 1 −
Ans. (a) x→ ∞ x + 2
26 Let f (a) = g (a) = k and their nth
Given, lim f (x) exists and −5 x
x→ 5
derivativesf n (a), g n (a) exist and are 1
−5
x + 2
−5 x + 2
[f (x)]2 − 9 not equal for some n. Further, if = lim 1 +
=0
x + 2
lim x→ ∞
|x − 5|
x→ 5 f (a)g (x) − f (a) − g (a)f (x) + g (a)
lim = 4,
⇒ lim [f (x)]2 − 9 = 0 x→ a g (x) − f (x) 5
x→ 5
lim −
x→ ∞
1 + 2/ x 1
x
⇒ ( lim [f (x)]) = 9
2 =e Q lim 1 + = e
x→ 5
then the value of k is [AIEEE 2003]
x→ ∞ x
∴ lim f (x) = 3, − 3 (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
x→ 5 = e −5
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 147
31 The value of We have to extract till the coefficient of
TOPIC 2 x x2 as denominator is x2 .
Limits of Trigonometric lim is equal x2
1
x2
x → 0 8 1 − sin x − 8 1 + sin x
So, 1 − (1 − 2x2 ) 2 = 1 − (1 − x2 )
Function 2 2
to [2021, 27 July Shift-II]
x2 x4 3 2
sin 2 (π cos 4 x) (a) 0 (b) 4 (c) − 4 (d) − 1 = 1 − − x2 + = 1 − x
29 lim is equal to 2 2 2
x→ 0 x4 Ans. (c)
x + 2
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
x lim (1 − cos x cos 2 x ) x 2
(a) π 2 (b) 2 π 2 lim x→ 0
x → 0 1 − sin x − 1 + sin x
8 8 So, e
(c) 4 π 2 (d) 4π 3x 2 x + 2
lim 1 −
Rationalise denominator three times, x→ 0
Ans. (c) 2 x 2
=e
x
sin2 ( π cos4 x) lim 3x 2 x + 2
x → 0 1 − sin x − 1 + sin x
lim 8 8 lim 2
x→ 0 x 4 x2
= ex→ 0 = e3
sin2 [ π (1 − cos4 x)] π2 (1 − cos4 x)2 8 1 − sin x + 8 1 + sin x
= lim . ∴ e = e ⇒a = 3
a 3
x → 0 [ π (1 − cos4 x)]2 x4 8 1 − sin x + 8 1 + sin x
sin4 x (1 + cos2 x)2 4 1 − sin x + 4 1 + sin x
sin −1 x − tan −1 x
= lim π2 33 If lim is equal to L,
x4 4 1 + sin x x→ 0 3x 3
x→ 0
4 1 − sin x +
then the value of (6L + 1) is
= lim π (1 + cos x) = 4 π2
2 2 2
1 − sin x + 1 + sin x
x→ 0 [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
1 − sin x + 1 + sin x 1 1
tan x − tan x
3 (a) (b) (c) 6 (d) 2
30 If α = lim and x 6 2
π
cos x +
x→
π = lim
x → 0 (1 − sin x) − (1 + sin x) Ans. (d)
4 4 sin−1 x − tan−1 x
( 1 − sin x +
8 8 1 + sin x ) Given,L = lim
β = lim (cos x) cot x are the roots of x→ 0 3x 3
x→ 0 ⇒L
(4 1 − sin x + 4 1 + sin x ) ( 1 − sin x + 1 + sin x )
the quation, ax 2 + bx − 4 = 0, then
x + 1 ⋅ x + 1 ⋅3 ⋅ x + …
2 3 2 2 5
the ordered pair (a, b) is x 8
3 ! 5 !
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] = lim ( 1 − sin x +
8 1 + sin x )
x → 0 − 2 sin x
(a) (1, – 3) (b) (– 1, 3) x 3 x 5
− x − + …
(c) (–1, – 3) (d) (1, 3) (4 1 − sin x + 4 1 + sin x ) ( 1 − sin x + 1 + sin x ) 5
3
= lim
Ans. (d) x→ 0 3x 3
1 sin x
tan x − tan x3 = − (2) (2) (2) Q lim =1 (using expansion of sin−1 x and tan−1 x)
α = lim 2 x → 0 x
π
cos x + ⇒L
π
x→
= −4 x 3 9x 5 x3 x5
4
4
+ + … − − + …
tan x (tan x + 1) (tan x − 1) 3! 3 5
= lim 32 If the value of 5!
π = lim
cos x +
π x+2
x→
x→ 0 3x 3
4 4 x2
lim (2 − cos x cos2x ) is equal ⇒L
sin x sin x − cos x sin x + cos x x→ 0 1 9x2 1 x2
⋅ a x 3 + + … + − +…
cos x cos x cos x to e , then a is equal to ……… .
= lim [2021, 20 July Shift-I] = lim 6 120 3 5
π 1
x→ (cos x − sin x) x→ 0 3x 3
4
2 Ans. (3)
1 1 1+ 2
− 2 sin x (sin x + cos x) x +2 +
= lim 1
lim (2 − cos x cos 2x ) x2 = 1∞ ⇒ L=6 3= 6 =
x→
π cos3 x x→ 0 3 3 6
4
1 x +2 1
− 2× × 2 ∴ 6L + 1 = 6 × + 1 = 2
2 ⇒ lim (1 + 1 − cos x cos 2x ) x2 6
= = −4 x→ 0
1
x + 2 34 The value of
2 2 lim (1 − cos x cos 2 x )
x→ 0 x2
⇒ e cos −1 (x − [x] 2 ) ⋅ sin −1 (x − [x] 2 )
and β = lim (cos x) cot x
x→ 0 x2 x 4 lim ,
lim
cos x − 1 ⇒ cos x = 1 − + − x→ 0 + x − x3
=e x → 0 tan x 2! 4!
lim −
sin x (2x)2 (2x) 4 where [x] denotes the greatest
x→ 0 2 ⇒ cos 2x = 1 − + − integer ≤ x is [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
=e sec x
= e0 = 1 2! 4!
Equation whose roots are α and β, is 1 (a) π (b) 0
x2 x 4 π π
− K 1 − 2x2 + x 4 K
2 2
x2 + 3x − 4 = 0 = 1 − + (c) (d)
2 24 3 4 2
∴ a =1,b = 3
148 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (d) Ans. (a) sin π + h − π
x2 6
6
lim
cos− 1 (x − [x]2 ) ⋅ sin− 1 (x − [x]2 ) ∫0 (sin t )dt = lim 2
3h cos h + π
Given, lim h→ 0
x→ 0+ x − x3 x→ 0 x3
6
x→0 + h 0
QIt is of the form .
2 sinh
cos− 1 (h − 0) ⋅ sin− 1 (h − 0) 0 = lim
= lim h → 0 3 h cos(h + π / 6)
h→ 0 h − h3 By differentiating numerator and
denominator, 2 sinh 1
cos− 1 h⋅ sin− 1 h = ⋅ lim ⋅ lim
= lim sin x2 ⋅2x sin x ⋅2x 3 h → 0 h h → 0 cos(h + π / 6)
h→ 0 h (1 − h) (1 + h) lim = lim
x→ 0 3x 2
3x2x→ 0 2 1
sin− 1 h cos− 1 h = ⋅ (1) ⋅
π 2 sin x 2 2 cos( π / 6)
= lim = 1⋅ = lim = (1) = 3
h → 0 h (1 − h) (1 + h) 2 3 x→ 0 x 3 3 2 2 4
= ⋅ 1⋅ =
π n 3 3 3
RHL = 1
2 37 lim tan ∑ tan − 1 is
1/ x
π
1 + r + r 39 lim tan + x
2
n→ ∞ r = 1 is equal to
35 The value of the limit x→ 0 4
equal to ……… .
tan(π cos 2 θ) [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
lim is equal t'o (a) e (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) e2
θ→ 0 sin (2π sin 2 θ) Ans. (1)
Ans. (d)
[2021, 17 March Shift-II] n 1
Given, lim tan ∑ tan− 1
1/ x
π
(a) −
1
(b) −
1
(c) 0 (d)
1 n→ ∞ r = 1
2
1 + r + r Given lim tan + x
2 4 4 x→ 0 4
n [Having 1∞ form]
Ans. (a) = tan lim ∑ [tan− 1 (r + 1) − tan− 1 r]
n→ ∞ lim 1 π
Method (I) r =1 = e x→ 0 tan + x − 1
4
tan( π cos2 θ) π x
Let L = lim = tan lim tan− 1 (n + 1) −
θ → 0 sin(2 π sin2 θ)
lim 1 1 + tan x
n→ ∞ 4 =e →
− 1
x 0
π π π x 1 − tan x
tan[ π (1 − sin2 θ)] = tan − = tan = 1 tan A + tan B
= lim 2 4 4 As tan(A + B) =
θ → 0 sin(2 π sin2 θ) 1 − tan A tan B
Hence, the required value is 1.
tan( π − π sin2 θ) lim 1 2 tan x
= lim = e x→ 0 ×
θ → 0 sin(2 π sin2 θ) 38 The value of x 1 − tan x
π π
− tan( π sin2 θ) 3 sin + h − cos + h = e2
= lim 6 6 Q lim tan x = 1
θ → 0 sin(2 π sin2 θ) lim 2
h→ 0 3h ( 3 cos h − sin h) x → 0 x
− tan( π sin2 θ) Hence, option (d) is correct.
× ( π sin2 θ)
−1
= lim ( π sin θ2)
2
= is [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
θ → 0 sin(2 π sin θ) 2 40 If lim
× (2 π sin2 θ) (a)
4
(b)
2
(c)
3
(d)
2 x→ 0
(2π sin θ)
2
3 3 4 3 x2 x2
Method (II) 1 1 − cos − cos
Ans. (a)
8 2 4
tan( π cos2 θ) 0 3 sin π +h − cos π +h 2 2
Let L = lim x
Form + cos cos
x x
θ → 0 sin(2 π sin2 θ) 6 6
0
lim 2 2 4
h→ 0
3h ( 3 cos h − sin h)
[Using L-Hospital Rule]
= 2 − k , then the value of k is
sec2 ( π cos2 θ) (− 2 π cosθ⋅ sinθ) .......... . [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
L = lim 3 π 1 π
θ→ 0 cos(2 π sin2 θ) ⋅ (4 π sinθ⋅ cosθ) 2 sin +h − cos +h Ans. (8.00)
2 6 2 6
− 1 (− 1)2 − 1 = lim 2 Given,
= × = h→ 0
2 × 3h 3 1 lim
2 1 2 cos h − sin h x→ 0
2
2
x2 1 x2 x2 x2 x2
8 1 − cos − cos + cos cos
∫ (sin t )dt π π
cos sin +h
x 2 4 2 4
36 lim 0
is equal to 6 6
x3 π π
− sin cos +h
x→ 0 = 2− k
= lim 2 6 6
⇒
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] h→ 0 π π
3h cos cosh − sin sinh 1 x2 x2
lim 1 − cos
8
1 − cos = 2− k
(a)
2
(b)
3
(c)
1
(d) 0 6 6 x→ 0 x 2 4
3 2 15
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 149
x2 x2 sin2 x x ([x] + | x |) sin [x]
2 sin2 .2 sin2 = lim lim
4
x→ 0 x x → 0− |x |
8 2 1 − cos
⇒ lim = 2− k 2 x ([x] − x) sin [x]
x→ 0 x8 = lim (Q | x | = − x, if
sin2 x x → 0− −x
2
2
x2 x
8 = lim
sin x sin x→ 0
2 × 2 sin2
x x <0)
8 (32)2 −k 4
⇒ lim 4 2 4 × =2 x (− 1 − x) sin(− 1)
x x8
2 = lim (Q lim [x] = − 1)
x→ 0
x /4 x
Q1 − cos = 2 sin2
x
x → 0− −x x → 0−
8 2 4
− x (x + 1) sin(− 1)
4 x2 16 = lim
⇒ 10 = 2−k ⇒2− k = 2−8 ⇒k = 8 = lim 2
= =4 2 x → 0− −x
x→ 0 2 2
2 2
2 x
Hence, answer is 8.00. 4 = lim (x + 1) sin(− 1)
[lim sin x = lim x] x → 0−
x→ 0 x→ 0
41 If α is the positive root of the = (0 + 1) sin (− 1) (by direct substitution)
x + 2 sin x
43 lim = − sin 1 [Q sin(− θ) = − sinθ]
equation, p(x) = x 2 − x − 2 = 0, then x→ 0
x 2 + 2 sin x + 1 − sin2 x − x + 1
1 − cos(p(x))
lim is equal to is [2019, 12 April Shift-II] 45 For each t ∈R, let [t] be the
x→ α + x +α −4 (a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1 greatest integer less than or equal
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
Ans. (b) to t. Then,
1 1
π
(1 − | x | + sin| 1 − x |) sin [1 − x]
(a) (b) Let
2 2 x + 2 sin x
3 3 P = lim 2
(c) (d) x→ 0
x2 + 2 sin x + 1 − sin2 x − x + 1
lim
2 2 x → 1+ | 1 − x | [1 − x]
0 form [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
Ans. (c) 0
Given equation p(x) = x − x − 22 (a) equals 0 (b) does not exist
On rationalization, we get (c) equals − 1 (d) equals 1
= (x − 2)(x + 1) having a positive rootα, so (x + 2 sin x)
α = 2. P = lim 2 Ans. (a)
x → 0 x + 2 sin x + 1 − sin2 x + x − 1
1 − cos(p(x)) Given,
Now, lim
x→ α + x + α −4 ( x2 + 2 sin x + 1 + sin2 x − x + 1) π
( 1 − | x | + sin |1 − x |) sin [1 − x]
2
2 sin
p(x)
lim
|1 − x | [1 − x]
2 = lim ( x2 + 2 sin x + 1 + sin2 x − x + 1) x→ 1+
= lim x→ 0
x →2 + x −2 Put x = 1 + h, then
x + 2 sin x
× lim
(x − 2)(x + 1) x→ 0 x2 − sin2 x + 2 sin x + x x → 1+ ⇒h→ 0 +
sin 2
π
= lim 2 x + 2 sin x (1 − | x | + sin |1 − x |) sin [1 − x]
x →2 + x −2 = 2 × lim 2
x→ 0 x2 − sin2 x + 2 sin x + x ∴ lim
x→ 1+ |1 − x | [1 − x]
0 form
[Qsinθ> 0, if θ→ 0 + ] 0 π
(1 − |h + 1 | + sin|− h|) sin [− h]
(x − 2)(x + 1) 2
sin Now applying theL′Hopital’s rule, we get = lim
2 x + 1 h→ 0 + |− h| [− h]
= lim 2 × 1 + 2 cos x
+
x →2 (x − 2)(x + 1) 2 P = 2 × lim π
x → 0 2x − sin 2x +2 cos x + 1 (1 − (h + 1) + sinh) sin [− h]
2 2
(1 + 2) = lim
=2 [on applying limit] h→ 0 + h [− h]
3 3 0 −0 + 2+ 1
= 2 = (Q |− h | = h and |h + 1 | = h + 1 as h> 0)
2 2 3
=2× =2 π
3 ( − h + sinh) sin (− 1)
sin 2 x x + 2 sin x 2
42 lim equals ⇒ lim = lim
x→ 0 2 − 1 + cos x x→ 0 h→ 0 + h (− 1)
x + 2 sin x + 1 − sin2 x − x + 1
2
[2019, 8 April Shift-I] (Q[x] = − 1 for − 1 < x < 0 and h→ 0 +
=2
(a) 4 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 4 ⇒ −h → 0 − )
44 For each x ∈R, let [x] be the (− h + sinh) − π
Ans. (a) = lim sin
greatest integer less than or equal h→ 0 + −h 2
sin2 x 0 form
Given limit is lim to x. (− h + sinh) sinh − h
x→ 0 2 − 1 + cos x 0 = lim (−1) = lim
x ([x] + | x |) sin [x] h→ 0 + −h h→ 0 + h
sin2 x Then, lim is sinh h
= lim x→ 0− |x| = lim − lim + = 1 − 1 = 0
h→ 0 + h h→ 0 h
x→ 0 x
2 − 2 cos
2 equal to [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
sinh
Q1 + cos x = 2 cos2
x (a) 0 (b) sin 1 (c) − sin 1 (d) 1 Q lim + h = 1
→ 0
2
h
Ans. (c)
150 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
46 Let [x] denote the greatest integer tan( π sin2 x) π sin2 x π − 2 sin − 1 x
= lim . lim + 49 lim is equal to
less than or equal to x. x → 0− π sin2 x x → 0− x2 x → 1− 1− x
2
sin x sin x
Then, 1 + lim − 2 lim [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
x → 0− x2 x → 0− x π
tan(π sin 2 x) + (| x | − sin(x [x])) 2 (a) (b)
2
lim = π + 1+ 1−2= π 2 π
x→ 0 x2 Q RHL ≠ LHL 1
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] (c) π (d)
∴ Limit does not exist. 2π
(a) equals π (b) equals π + 1
(c) equals 0 (d) does not exist x cot(4x) Ans. (b)
47 lim is equal to
Ans. (d) x → 0 sin 2 2
x cot (2x) lim π − 2 sin−1 x
Let L = , then
Key Idea [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] x → 1− 1− x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 2 limπ − 2 sin−1 x π + 2 sin−1 x
lim f (x) exist iff lim f (x) = lim f (x) L= ×
x→ a x→ a + x→ a− Ans. (b) x→ 1 −
1− x π + 2 sin−1 x
At x = 0, x cot4x
lim = [on rationalization]
tan( π sin2 x) + (| x |− sin(x [x])) 2 x→ 0 sin x ⋅ cot2 2x
2
RHL = lim lim π − 2 sin−1 x 1
x→ 0+ x 2
x 1 tan2 2x = ×
lim . 2 x → 1− 1− x π + 2 sin−1 x
tan( π sin x) + (x − sin(x ⋅0))2
2 x → 0 tan4x sin x 1
= lim π
+
x2 1 4x x2 tan2 2x π − 2 − cos−1 x
x→ 0 = lim . lim 2
x → 0 4 (tan4x) sin2 x x2 =
Q| x | = x for x > 0 x → 1− 1− x
and [x] = 0 for 0 < x < 1 1 4x x tan2x 4
2 2
= lim 1 π
.
x → 0 4 (tan4x) sin x 2x 1
. × Qsin−1 x + cos−1 x =
−1 2
tan( π sin2 x) + x2 π+ 2 sin x
= lim 1 4 x tan x
x→ 0+ x2 = . 1 .1 1. Q lim = 1 = lim lim 2 cos−1 x lim 1
4 1 x → 0 sin x x→ 0 x = ×
tan( π sin2 x) π sin2 x x → 1− 1− x x → 1− π + 2 sin−1 x
=1
= lim . + 1
+
x→ 0 π sin x
2 2
lim 2 cos−1 x
x cot 3 x − tan x =
1
−
48 lim is 2 π x→ 1 1− x
tan ( π sin2 x) sin2 x π π
= π lim . lim +1 x→
4 cos x+ lim π
x→ 0+ π sin x 2
x2
x→ 0+ 4 −1
Qx → 1− sin x = 2
Q lim tan x = 1 [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
(a) 4 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 8 2
= π+ 1
x→ 0 x
Put x = cosθ, then as x → 1− , therefore
and lim sin x = 1 Ans. (c) θ→ 0 +
cot3 x − tan x 1 lim 2θ
x→ 0 x Given, limit = Lt Now, L = +
π
cos x + 2 π θ→ 0 1 − cos θ
x→ π/4
and LHL
tan( π sin2 x) + (| x | − sin(x [x])2 4 1 lim 2θ
= lim 1 − tan4 x 1 = +
x → 0− x2 = Lt × 2 π θ→ 0 θ
x→ π/4 1 3 2 sin
(cos x − sin x) tan x 2
tan ( π sin2 x) + (− x − sin(x (− 1))2
= lim 2
θ
x→ 0 −
x2 Qcot x = 1 Q1 − cosθ = 2 sin2
2
Q| x | = − x for x < 0 tan x
(1 − tan2 x) 2 (1 + tan2 x) θ
and [x] = − 1 for − 1 < x < 0 = Lt × 2⋅
1 2
x → cos x − sin x
π
tan3 x = ⋅ 2 lim
tan( π sin2 x) + (x + sin(− x))2 4 2 π θ→ 0 + θ
= lim cos2 x − sin2 x 2 (sec2 x) sin
x→ 0 −
x 2 = Lt × 2
x→
π cos x − sin x cos2 x tan3 x
tan( π sin2 x) + (x − sin x)2 4 1 2 lim θ
= lim [Q1 + tan2 x = sec2 x] = 2 2 = Q =1
π x → 0 sinθ
+
x → 0− x2 2 π
(cos x − sin x) (cos x + sin x)
= Lt
[Qsin(− θ) = − sinθ] x→
π (cos x − sin x) cot x − cos x
4
2 sec4 x 50 lim equals
tan( π sin x) + x + sin x − 2x sin x
2 2 2 × x→ π /2 (π − 2x) 3
= lim tan3 x
x → 0− x2 [Q(a2 − b2 ) = (a − b) (a + b)] [JEE Main 2017]
tan( π sin2 x) sin2 x 2x sin x 2 sec4 x 1 1
= lim + 1+ − = Lt (cos x + sin x) (a) (b)
x → 0− x2 x2 x2 x→
π
tan3 x 24 16
4 1 1
tan ( π sin2 x) π sin2 x 2 ( 2) 4 1 1 (c) (d)
= lim . +1 = + [on applying limit] 8 4
x → 0− π sin2 x x2 (1) 3
2 2
Ans. (b)
sin2 x sin x 2 cot x − cos x
+ −2 =4 2 = 8
x
lim
x2 2 x → π /2 ( π − 2x) 3
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 151
1 cos x (1 − sin x) Q lim sinθ = 1 2 | sin (2 + h − 2)|
= lim ⋅ 2 | sin h |
lim = lim
θ →0 θ
3 4
x → π /2 8 π =2× × 1 h→ 0 (2 + h) − 2 h→ 0
sin x − x h
2 4 and lim tanθ = 1
2 sin h
θ→ 0 θ ⇒ lim = 2
π π h→ 0
cos − h 1 − sin − h h
1 2 2 sin(π cos 2 x)
= lim ⋅ 3
53 lim is equal to LHL at x = 2,
h→ 0 8
π π π
sin − h − + h
x→ 0 x2 2 | sin (2 − h − 2)| 2 | sin (− h) |
2 2 2 [JEE Main 2014] lim = lim
h→ 0 (2 − h) − 2 h→ 0 −h
sinh (1 − cos h) π
=
1
lim (a) (b) 1 (c) − π (d) π
2 2 sin h
8 h → 0 cos h⋅ h3 ⇒ lim =− 2
Ans. (d) h→ 0 −h
h
sin h 2 sin2 sin( π cos2 x) sin π (1 − sin2 x) So, the limit does not exist.
1 2 lim = lim
= lim x→ 0 2 x→ 0 2
8 h→ 0 cos h⋅h3 x x
sin( π − π sin2 x)
56 If α and β are the distinct roots of
2 h = lim
sin h⋅ sin x→ 0 x2 ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then
1 2
= lim sin ( π sin2 x) 1 − cos (ax 2 + bx + c)
4 h→ 0 h3 cos h = lim lim is equal to
x→ 0 x2 x→ α (x − α) 2
2
sin h sin( π sin2 x) sin2 x [AIEEE 2005]
sin h = lim × ( π) 2
= lim
1 2 1 1
h ⋅ ⋅ π sin x 2
x→ 0 x 1 a2
4 h → 0 h cos h 4 (a) (α − β)2 (b) − (α − β)2
sin x
2 =π Q lim =1 2 2
x → 0 x a2
1 1 1 (α − β)2
= × = (c) 0 (d)
4 4 16 (1 − cos 2x) (3 + cos x) 2
54 lim is equal to Ans. (d)
51 Let p = lim (1 + tan 2 x ) 1/ 2x , then x→ 0 x tan 4x
[JEE Main 2013] 1 − cos (ax2 + bx + c)
x→ 0+ Now, lim
1 1 x→ α (x − α)2
(a) − (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
log p is equal to [JEE Main 2016] 4 2 ax2 + bx + c
1 1 Ans. (d) 2 sin2
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) (d) 2
2 4 (1 − cos 2x) (3 + cos x) x = lim
Let I = lim ⋅ ⋅ x→ α (x − α)2
Ans. (c) x→ 0 x2 1 tan4x
1
2 sin2 x 3 + cos x a
Given, p = lim (1 + tan2 x ) 2 x (1∞ form) x 2 sin2 (x − α)(x − β)
= lim ⋅ ⋅ 2 a
2
x→ 0 + x→ 0 x2 1 tan4x = lim (x − β)2
2 x→ α
a
2 2
= 2 lim
tan 2 x sin x (x − α) (x − β)
2 2
lim
x→ 0 +
⋅ lim (3 + cos x) 2
x→ 0 x x→ 0
2x
=e
4x a2 sin x
2
⋅ lim = lim (x − β)2 Q lim =1
1
lim
tan x
1
x → 0 4 tan 4x x→ α 2 x → 0 x
2 x→ 0 + x
=e = e2 ∴ sinθ θ
Q lim = 1 and lim =1 a2
1 = (α − β)2
1 θ→ 0 θ θ → 0 tanθ 2
log p = log e = 2
2 1
⇒ I = 2⋅ (1)2 ⋅ (3 + cos0 ° ) ⋅ (1) 1 − cos 2 x
4
(1 − cos2x) (3 + cos x) 1 1
57 lim is equal to
52 lim is equal to = 2⋅ 1⋅ (3 + 1) ⋅ = 2⋅4⋅ = 2 x→ 0 2x
x→ 0 x tan4x 4 4
[AIEEE 2002]
[JEE Main 2015] 1 − {cos2 (x − 2)} (a) λ
1 55 lim is equal to
x→ 2
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d)
2 x −2 (b) –1
[AIEEE 2011] (c) zero
Ans. (c)
(a) 2 (b) − 2 (d) Does not exist
We have, 1
(c) (d) Does not exist Ans. (d)
(1 − cos2x)(3 + cos x)
lim 2 1 − cos 2x
x→ 0 x tan4x Now, lim
Ans. (d)
x→ 0 2x
2 sin2 x (3 + cos x)
= lim 1 − cos 2 (x − 2) 2 sin2 (x − 2) 2 | sin x |
x→ 0 tan4x = lim = lim
x× × 4x lim
4x x→2 (x − 2) x→2 (x − 2) x→ 0 2x
2 sin2 x (3 + cos x) 1 2 | sin (x − 2)| = lim
| sin x |
= lim × lim × = lim
tan4x (x − 2) x→ 0 x
x→ 0 x2 x→ 0 4 lim
x→2
x → 0 4x RHL at x = 2, Let f (x) =
| sin x |
x
152 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
| sin (0 − h)|
Now, LHL = lim Ans. (c) 61 Let a, b ∈R, b ≠ 0. Define a function
0 −h
h→ 0
(x − 3)(x + 1) e (3x − 2 ) 2 ;
sin h
x>3 a sin π (x − 1), for x ≤ 0
= lim = −1 2
f (x) = − (x − 3)(x + 1) e (3x − 2 ) ; − 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
h → 0 −h
(x − 3)(x + 1 ) e (3x − 2 ) 2 ; f (x) = tan2x2− sin2x
| sin (0 + h)| x< − 1
and RHL = lim = lim
sin h
=1 , for x > 0
h→ 0 0+h h→ 0 h bx 3
At x = − 1, let LHD beα, then its clear that
Q LHL ≠ RHL RHD be − α. If f is continuous at x = 0, then
Hence, lim
| sin x |
does not exist. Similarly, at x = 3, if LHD is β, then RHD at 10 − ab is equal to
x→ 0 x x = 3 will be − β. [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
x So, f (x) is not differentiable at x = − 1, Ans. (14)
1 − tan 2 (1 − sin x) x =3 For continuity
58 lim is equal At, all other pointsf (x) will be
x → 1 + tan x (π − 2x) 3
π LHL at 0 = f(0) = RHL at 0
2 differentiable.
2 π
LHL = lim a sin (x − 1)
to [AIEEE 2003] 60 If the function x→ 0− 2
1 1 π
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) ∞ 1 + x = −a sin = − a …(i)
8 32 1 2
log e a ,x<0 tan2x − sin2x
Ans. (c)
x 1 − x RHL = lim
x b x→ 0 + bx 3
1 − tan (1 − sin x)
lim
2 f (x) = k ,x =0 = lim
sin2x (1 − cos2x)
x→
π x
1 + tan ( π − 2 x) 3 cos 2 x − sin 2 x − 1 x→ 0 + bx 3.cos2x
2 ,x>0
2 2
sin2x (2 sin x) 1 4
π π x2 +1 −1 = lim 2
+ 2x
. =
Let x = − h as x → ,h→ 0 x→ 0 x 2
b cos2x b
2 2
…(i)
π h
1 − tan − is continuous at x = 0, then From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
4 2 (1 − cos h)
∴ lim ⋅ 1 1 4 −a =
4
h→ 0 π h
1 + tan − (2h) 3 + + is equal to b
4 2 a b k
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] ⇒ ab = −4
h
2 sin2 (a) − 5 (b) 5 ⇒ 10 − ab = 14
π π h 2
= lim tan − − ⋅ (c) − 4 (d) 4
4 4 2 8h
h→ 0 3
Ans. (a)
62 Let [t] denote the greatest integer
π 1 − tan x
Qtan 4 − x = 1 + tan x
less than or equal to t. Let
f (x) is continuous at x = 0
LHL at x = 0 = f(0) = RHL at x = 0
f (x) = x − [x] ,g (x) = 1 − x + [x] , and
2
tan
h h
1+ x h(x) = min{f (x), g (x)}, x ∈ [− 2 , 2]. Then
1 sin
= lim ⋅ 2 × 2 × 1 a h is [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
h→ 0 4 h h 4 ln
×2 1− x 1 x (a) continuous in [− 2, 2] but not
2 2 lim ln 1 +
b x → 0− a a differentiable at more than four
tan h sin h
2 lim = points in (− 2, 2)
x → 0− x 1
1 2 lim 2 = 1 x (b) not continuous at exactly three
= lim a
32 h → 0 h h → 0 h 32 1 x points in [− 2, 2]
lim − ln 1 −
2 2 −
(c) continuous in [− 2, 2] but not
b b 1 1
sinθ tanθ − x→ 0 = + differentiable at exactly three points
Q lim = 1 and lim =1 − 1x a b in (− 2, 2)
θ → 0 θ θ→ 0 θ
b (d) not continuous at exactly four points
f (0) = k in [− 2, 2]
TOPIC 3 cos2 x − sin2 x − 1 Ans. (a)
lim
Continuity and x→ 0+ x + 1−1
2
We have,f (x) = x − [x] = { x }
Differentiability −2 sin x
2 2 sin2 x and g (x) = 1 − x + [x] = 1 − { x }
lim = lim −
x→ 0+ 2 +
x + 1 − 1 x→ 0 x
2
Y'
59 The function 1
f(x) g(x)
2 ( x2 + 1 + 1 ) = −4
f (x) = | x 2 − 2x − 3 | ⋅ e | 9 x − 12x + 4 | is
1 1
not differentiable at exactly ⇒ + = −4= k
a b X' X
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] D
1 1 4 –2 –1 1 2
(a) four points (b) three points + + = −4− 1= − 5 Y
a b k
(c) two points (d) one point
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 153
Again, h(x) = min[f (x), g (x) ], so graph of π π 65 Let f : [0, ∞) → [0, 3] be a function
h (x) will be 64 Let f : − , → R be defined as
4 4 defined by
max {sint : 0 ≤ t ≤ x}, 0 ≤ x < π
Points of non-differentiability
3a
(1 + | sin x |) x | , − π < x < 0
| sin f (x) =
2 + cos x, x> π
1/2
h(x)
4
f (x) = b, x =0 Then which of the following is
–2 –3/2 –1 –1/2 1/2 1 3/2 2 cot 4x
π true? [2021, 27 July Shift-II]
e cot 2x , 0< x <
From graph, it is clear thath(x) is 4 (a) f is continuous everywhere but not
differentiable exactly at one point in
continuous in [− 2, 2] but not If f is continuous at x = 0, then the (0, ∞)
−3 −1 1 3
differentiable at x = , − 1, , 0, , 1, value of 6a + b 2 is equal to (b) f is differentiable everywhere in (0, ∞)
2 2 2 2 [2021, 27 July Shift I] (c) f is not continuous exactly at two
in (− 2, 2). (a) 1 − e (b) e − 1 points in (0, ∞)
(c) 1 + e (d) e (d) f is continuous everywhere but not
63 Let f : [0, 3] → R be defined by differentiable exactly at two points
Ans. (c) in (0, ∞)
f (x) = min{x − [x], 1 + [x] − x] π π
f : − , → R Ans. (b)
where [x] is the greatest integer 4 4
Graph of max (sint :0 ≤ t ≤ x) in x ∈[0, π]
less than or equal to x. Let P 3a
denote the set containing all (1 + | sin x |) |sin x | , − π < x < 0
4
x ∈(0, 3), where f is discontinuous f (x) = b x =0 1
and Q denote the set containing all cot 4 x
π
x ∈(0, 3), where f is not e cot2 x , 0< x<
4 π/2 π
differentiable.
Given f (x) is continuous at x = 0 and graph of 2 + cosx for x ∈ [ π, ∞]
Then the sum of number of LHL at x = 0
elements in P and Q is equal to Put x = 0 − h 3
………… . [2021, 27 July Shift-I] 3a
Ans. (5) we get lim (1 − sin h) sin h
h→ 0 1
f (x) = min {x − [x], 1 + [x] − x} lim (1 − sin h − 1) 3a
f (x) = min ({ x }, 1 − { x }) e h→ 0 ⋅ = e 3a π 2π 3π
3a − sinh
So, graph of
lim (1 + | sin x |) | sin x |
x → 0− max [sint :0 ≤ t ≤ x], 0 ≤ x ≤ π
lim 3a f (x) =
1 f(x)=x–[x] = e x → 0 | sin x | |sin x | = e 3a 2 + cos x , x> π
RHL at x = 0 Y
f(x)=[x]–x+1 cot 4 x
1 2 3 lim e cot2 x
x→ 0+
So, the graph off (x) will be Put x = 0 + h
cot4h
we get lim cot2 h X
h→ 0 e π/2 π 2π
1/2 cos4h sin2h
lim × So, f (x) is differentiable everywhere in
h→ 0 e cos2h sin4h (0, ∞).
sin2 h
×2h
0 1/2 1 3/2 2 5/2 3 cos 4 h
× 2h
cos2 h sin 4 h × 4 h 66 Let f : (a, b) → R be twice
lim e 4h = e 1/ 2 differentiable function such that
f is continuous everywhere for0 ≤ x ≤ 3. h→ 0
x
1 3 5 As, f (x) is continuous at x = 0. f (x) = ∫ g (t) dt for a differentiable
But f is non-differentiable at x = , , a
2 2 2 So, LHL = f(0) = RHL
function g (x). If f (x) = 0 has exactly
and x = 1, 2 1
e 3a = b = e 2 five distinct roots in (a, b), then
So, if set A denotes the points of
discontinuity, then n(A) = 0. 1 g (x) g ′ (x) = 0 has at least
∴ a = ,b = e
And if set B denotes the points of 6 (a) twelve roots in (a, b )
(b) five roots in (a, b )
6a + b2 = 6 + ( e )2
non-differentiable, then 1
∴
n(B) = 5 6 (c) seven roots in (a, b )
∴ n(A) + n(B) = 0 + 5 = 5 = 1+ e (d) three roots in (a, b )
[2021, 27 July Shift-II]
154 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (c) 68 Let f : [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) be defined as (c) f (x) is continuous but not
x differentiable at x = 2
We have, f (x) = ∫ g (t) dt x
f (x) = ∫ [y] dy
a
0
(d) f (x) is not differentiable at x = 1
So, f ′ (x) = g (x) and f ′′(x) = g ′ (x) Ans. (c)
where, [x] is the greatest integer
Qf (x) = h (x ) F (t) ⋅dt ⇒ f ′ (x) x
∫g (x )
less than or equal to x. Which of f (x) = ∫0 (5 + | 1 − t | dt , x > 2
= F [h(x)] ⋅h′ (x) − F [g (x)] ⋅ g ′ (x) the following is true ? 5x + 1 ,x ≤ 2
[2021, 25 July Shift-I] x
Now, g ′ (x) g (x) = 0 (a) f is continuous at every point in [0, ∞) ∫0 5 + |1 − t |dt
⇒ f ′′(x) f ′ (x) = 0 and differentiable except at the 1 x
= ∫ 5 + (1 − t)dt + ∫ 5 + (t − 1)dt
If f (x) has five roots, thenf ′ (x) has atleast integer points 0 1
4 roots and f ′′(x) has atleast 3 roots. (b) f is both continuous and 1 x
= ∫ (6 − t)dt + ∫1 (4 + t)dt
So, f ′′(x) ⋅f ′ (x) = 0 has atleast 7 roots. differentiable except at the integer 0
points in [0, ∞)
1 x
Hence, the minimum number of roots of t2 t2 x2
(c) f is continuous everywhere except at = 6t − + 4t + = 1 + 4x +
the equation g ′ (x) g (x) = 0 is 7. 2 0 2 1 2
the integer points in [0, ∞)
(d) f is differentiable at every point in x2
67 Let f : R → R be defined as [0, ∞) 1 + 4x + , x > 2
⇒ f (x) = 2
λ | x 2 − 5 x + 6| Ans. (a) 5x + 1, x ≤ 2
, x<2
f : [0, ∞) → [0, ∞)
µ (5x − x − 6)
2 At x = 2
x
tan( x − 2) f (x) = ∫ [y] dy LHL = lim (5x + 1) = 11
x → 2−
f (x) = e x − [x] , x>2 2
RHL = lim 1 + 4x + = 1 + 8 + 2 = 11
0 x
µ , x =2 Let x = I + f, 0 < f < 1 x→2 + 2
1 2 3 I
f (x) = ∫ [y]dy + ∫ [y]dy + ∫ [y]dy + .... ∫ [y]dy ∴ f(2) = 11
0 1 2 I−1 So, f (x) is continuous at x = 2.
I+f
4 + x, x > 2
f ′(x) =
where, [x] is the greatest integer + ∫ [y]dy 5, x ≤ 2
I
less than or equal to x. If f is d
f (x) = 0 + 1 + 2 + K (I − 1) + I ⋅f Now, LHD at x = 2 is (5x + 1)|x = 2 = 5
continuous at x = 2, then λ + µ is (I − 1) (I − 1 + 1) dx
equal to [2021, 25 July Shift-I] = + I.f
2 RHD at x = 2 is 4 + 2 = 6
(a) e (− e + 1) (b) e (e − 2) I (I −1) Here, LHD ≠ RHD
(c) 1 (d) 2 e − 1 = + I ⋅f
2 So, function is not differentiable at x = 2.
Ans. (a) [x]([x] − 1)
f (x) = + [x]{ x }
λ | x2 − 5x + 6| 2 70 Consider the function
, x<2 [x]([x] − 1) P (x)
µ (5x − x − 6)
2
f (x) = + [x](x − [x]) , x ≠2
tan(x − 2 ) 2 f (x) = sin(x − 2)
I (I −1)
We havef (x) = e x − [x] , x>2 f (I) = 7 , x =2
µ , x =2
2
I (I − 1) where, P (x) is a polynomial such
lim f (x) = lim + I (I + h − I)
x→ I − h →0 2 that P ′ ′ (x) is always a constant and
I (I − 1) P (3) = 9. If f (x) is continuous at x = 2,
f (x) is continuous at x = 2. =
2 then P (5) is equal to …… .
∴lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (2) I (I − 1) (I − 2)
x →2 − x →2 + lim f (x) = lim + (I −1) (I + h − I + 1) [2021, 25 July Shift-II]
λ | (x − 3)(x − 2)| x→ I −
∴ lim f (x) = lim h →0 2
Ans. (39)
x →2 −
x →2 µ − (x − 3)(x − 2)
− (I − 1)(I − 2)
= + (I − 1)
λ (x − 3)(x − 2) λ P (x) , x ≠ 2
= lim =− 2
(I − 1)I
= f (x) = sin(x − 2)
x →2 − µ − (x − 3)(x − 2) µ
2 7, x =2
tan(x − 2 )
x −2 ∴f (x) is continuous and differentiable Given, that P ′ ′ (x) is always a constant.
lim f (x) = lim e =e
x →2 + x →2 + except at integer points.
⇒P (x) is a 2 degree polynomial.
f(2) = µ
x f (x) is continuous at x = 2
As, f (x) is continuous.
69 If f (x) = ∫
(5 + |1 − t|)dt, x > 2 lim
P (x)
=7
So, LHL = f(2) = RHL , then
0 x → 2 + sin(x − 2)
λ
− =µ = e 5x + 1, x≤2 (x − 2) (ax + b)
µ ⇒ lim =7
λ = − e2
[2021, 25 July Shift-II] x→2 + sin(x − 2)
µ=e (a) f (x) is not continuous at x = 2 [Qlet P (x) = (x − 2) (ax + b)]
λ + µ = e ( − e + 1) (b) f (x) is everywhere differentiable ⇒ 2a + b = 7 ...(i)
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 155
Now, P (x) = (x − 2) (ax + b) Ans. (4) ∴ 2−b =a − 1 ⇒ b =2+ 1=3
P(3) = 9 (given) 3 1 − | x | if | x |≤ 2 ∴ a + b =3
⇒ 3a + b = 9 ...(ii) f (x) = 2
0 if | x |> 2 74 Let a function g :[0, 4] → R be
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i),
a =2 g (x) = f (x + 2) − f (x − 2) defined as
From Eq. (i), b = 3 0 , x < −2 max (t3 − 6 t2 + 9 t − 3), 0 ≤ x ≤ 3
3 (1 + x) , −2 ≤ x < 0 g (x ) = 0≤ t ≤ x
Hence, P (x) = (x − 2) (2x + 3) 4 −x , 3 < x ≤4
So, P(5) = (5 − 2) (2 × 5 + 3) = 3 × 13 = 39 f (x) = 2
3
(1 − x) , 0 ≤ x < 2 then the number of points in the
71 Let f :R → R be defined as 2 interval (0, 4) where g (x) is not
0 , x>2
differentiable, is … .
x3 1 + 2xe −2x 0 , x < −4
e [2021, 20 July Shift-II]
log (1 − xe − x ) 2 , x ≠0 3 (3 + x) , −4 ≤ x < −2
f (x) = (1 − cos2x) 2 Ans. (1)
2
α , x = 0f (x + 2) = 3 Let f (x) = x 3 − 6x2 + 9x − 3
(−1 − x) , −2 ≤ x < 0
If f is continuous at x = 0, then α is 2 f ′ (x) = 3x2 − 12x + 9
0 , x>4 f ′ (x) = 0 gives
equal to [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
<0 3x2 − 12x + 9 = 0
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 2 0 , x
3 (x −1) , 0 ≤ x < 2 ⇒ 3(x − 1) (x − 3) = 0
Ans. (a) ∴ x = 1 or x = 3
f (x − 2) = 2
x3 1 + 2xe −2 x 3 Now, f(1) = 1 and f(3) = − 3
log e , x ≠0 (−1 − x), 2 ≤ x < 4
f (x) = (1 − cos2x) −x 2 2
+ – +
(1 − xe )
2
α , x =0 0 , x>4 1 3
For continuity, g (x) = f (x + 2) + f (x − 2) f (x), 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
x3 3x + 6, −4 ≤ x ≤ 2 g (x) = 1, 1≤ x ≤ 3
lim [log e (1 + 2xe −2 x ) 2 4 − x, 3 < x ≤ 4
x → 0 4 sin4 x
3x
− log e (1 − xe − x )2 ] = α (by expansion) …(i) −
= 2
, −2 < x < 2 g (x) is continuous.
(2xe −2 x )2 3x 3(x − 1) (x − 3), 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
Qlog(1 + 2xe −2 x ) = 2xe −2 x − +K
2 − 6, 2 ≤ x ≤ 4
g ′ (x) = 0, 1≤ x < 3
2
(xe − x )2 0 , | x |> 4 − < x≤4
and log (1 − xe − x ) = − xe − x − −K 1, 3
2 So, n = 0 and m = 4 g (x) is non-differentiable at x = 3.
On putting the values in Eq. (i), we get ∴ m+ n=4 So, the number of points in (0, 4) where
1 x x3
lim ⋅ 4 [2xe −2 x − 2(− xe − x )] g (x) is not differentiable is 1.
x → 0 4 x sin x 73 Let a function f : R → R be defined
−x 2 −x
1 ; | x| ≥ 1
[Q log (1 − xe ) = 2 log (1 − xe )] as
4 75 If f (x) = | x |
1 x
= lim −2 x
+ 2xe − x ) sin x − e x , if x≤0 ax 2 + b ; | x | < 1
(2xe
x → 0 4x sin x
f (x) = a + [− x], if 0 < x < 1
1 x
4
2x − b, is differentiable at every point of
= lim ⋅ ⋅ 2x ⋅ (e
−2 x
+ e −x ) if x≥1 the domain, then the values of a
x → 0 4x sin x
where, [x] is the greatest integer and b are respectively
= ⋅ (1) ⋅ (2) ⋅ (2) ⇒ α = 1
1
[2021, 18 March shift-I]
4 less than or equal to x. If f is
1 1 1 3 5 3 1 3
continuous on R, then (a + b) is (a) , (b) , − (c) , − (d) − ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
72 Let f : R → R be a function defined equal to [2021, 20 July Shift-I]
Ans. (d)
as (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 5
| x| 1 , |x |≥ 1
3 1 − , if | x| ≤ 2
f (x) = 2
Ans. (b)
Given,f (x) = | x |
sin x − e x ,x< 0 ax2 + b , | x | < 1
0 , if | x| > 2
f (x) = a + [− x] ,0 < x < 1
1 ,
Let g :R → R be given by 2x − b ,x ≥ 1 x ≤ − 1 or x ≥ 1
⇒ f (x) = | x |
g (x) = f (x + 2) − f (x − 2), ax2 + b ,
f (x) is continuous. −1 < x < 1
If n and m denote the number of
So, lim f (0 − ) = 0 − e 0 = − 1 −1 ,
points in R, x≤ − 1
lim f (0 + ) = a − 1 x
where g is not continuous and not
⇒ a − 1 = − 1⇒ a = 0 ⇒ f (x) = ax2 + b, −1 < x < 1
differentiable respectively, then 1
lim f (1− ) = lim a + [− 1 − h] = a − 1 x, x≥ 1
n + m is equal to ……… . h→ 0
[2021, 22 July Shift-II] lim f (1+ ) = 2 (1 + h) − b = 2 − b
156 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Given, f (x) is differentiable at every point sin(a + 1) x sin2x f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y)
⇒ lim f (x) = lim +
of domain. x → 0− x → 0− 2x 2x Put x = y =0
1, x< − 1 sin(a + 1) x a + 1 sin2x ∴ f (0) = f (0) ⋅ f (0)
x2 = lim × +
x → 0 − (a + 1) x 2 2x ⇒ [f (0)]2 = f (0)
∴ f ′ (x) = 2ax , −1 < x < 1
−1 a+1 ⇒ [f (0)]2 − f (0) = 0
x> 1 = +1 … (iii)
x2 , ⇒ f (0) [f (0) − 1] = 0
2
Qf (x) is differentiatble at x = 1 x + bx 3 − x ⇒ f(0) = 0, f(0) = 1
Again, lim f (x) = lim Rejected becausef (x) ≠ 0, ∀ x ∈ R
∴ (LHD at x = 1) = (RHD at x = 1) x→ 0+ x→ 0+ bx 5 / 2
∴ f(0) = 1
⇒ f ′ (1 −) = f ′(1 + )
1 Using L-Hospital Rule,
⇒ 2a = − 1 ⇒ a = − f ′ (h) − 0
2 ( x + bx 3 − x ) ( x + bx 3 + x) L = lim
= lim
x→ 0+ h→ 0 1
As, we know that, a function is bx 5 /2
( x + bx +3
x)
differentiable at x = a, if it is continuous = f ′ (0) = 3
(x + bx 3 − x)
at x = a. = lim
x→ 0+ bx 5 / 2 ( x + bx 3 + x)
Hence,f (x) is also continuous at x = 1. 78 If the function
i.e., (LHL at x = 1) = (RHL at x = 1) =f(1) cos(sin x) − cos x
= lim
x f (x) = is
⇒ a+b=1 x→ 0+ x ( 1 + bx2 + 1) x4
1 continuous at each point in its
⇒ − + b = 1 ⇒ lim f (x) =
1
…(iv)
2 1
x→ 0 + 2 domain and f (0) = ,then k is ……… .
⇒ b=
3 k
From Eq. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
2 [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
1 a+1
1 3 =b = +1 Ans. (6)
Hence, a = − , b = 2 2
2 2 cos(sin x) − cos x
1
⇒ b = ,a = − 2 f (x) =
Note You can also (or apply) continuity 2 x4
and differentiability at x = − 1. −3
∴ a+b= As, f (x) is continuous everywhere, so
2 f (0) = lim f (x)
76 Let f : R → R be a function defined x→ 0 cos(sin x) − cos x
as 77 Let f : R → R satisfy the equation = lim
x→ 0 x4
f (x + y) = f (x) ⋅ f (y) for all x, y ∈R and
sin(a + 1) x + sin2x , if x < 0
On expanding the numerator and only
f (x) ≠ 0 for any x ∈R. If the function f identifying the coefficient of x 4 will give
2x is differentiable at x = 0 and f ′ (0) = 3, us the required limit.
f (x) = b , if x < 0
1 sin2 x sin4 x
x + bx 3 − x then lim (f (h) − 1) is equal cos(sin x) = 1 − +
h→ 0 h 2 24
, if x > 0
bx 5/ 2 to………… . [2021, 18 March Shift-II] 2
1 x3 1
= 1− x − + (x) 4
If f is continuous at x = 0, then the Ans. (3) 2 6 24
value of a + b is equal to Method 1
Given, f (x + y) = f (x) ⋅ f (y) ∀ x, y ∈ R 1 2 x4 x4
[2021, 18 March Shift-II] = 1− x − +
5 2 3 24
(a) − (b) −2 ∴ f (x) = a x
2
⇒ f ′ (x) = a x ⋅l og (a) x2 x 4 x 4
(c) −3 (d) −
3 = 1− + +
2 Now, f ′ (0) = l og (a) 2 6 24
Ans. (d) ⇒ 3 = l og (a) x2 x 4
cosx = 1 − +
sin(a + 1) x + sin2x ⇒ a =e 3
2 24
, x<0
2x ∴ f (x) = (e 3) x = e 3x cos(sin x) − cos x
∴
Given, f (x) = b, x =0 ∴ f (h) = e 3h x4
f (h) − 1 e 3h − 1 x2 x 4 x 4 x2 x 4
x + bx − x ,
3
x>0 Now, lim = lim 1 − + + − 1 − +
h → 0 h h → 0 h 2 6 24 2 24
bx 5 / 2 =
Q f (x) is continuous at x = 0. e 3h − 1 x4
= lim × 3 1
∴ lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (0) …(i) h → 0 3h =
x→ 0− x→ 0 + 6
Q f (0) = b …(ii) =3× 1=3
1 1
Now, Method (2) ∴ f (0) =
=
sin(a + 1) x + sin2x 6 k
lim f (x) = lim (f (h) − 1) form
1 0
Let L = lim
x → 0− x → 0− 2x h→ 0 h 0 Hence, k = 6.
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 157
79 Consider the function f : R → R x 3, x < 1 f (1 + h) − f (1)
RHD = lim
and g (x) = h→ 0 h
defined by 3x − 2, x ≥ 1 [3(1 + h) − 2]2 − 1
1 = lim
2 − sin | x |, x ≠ 0
f (x) = Then, the number of points in R, h→ 0 h
x .
where (fog)(x) is not differentiable = lim 2 [3(1 + h) − 2] ⋅3 = 6
0 , x = 0 h→ 0
is equal to [2021, 16 March Shift-I] ∴fog (x) is continuous and differentiable
Then, f is [2021, 17 March Shift-II] (a) 3 (b) 1 at x = 1.
(a) monotonic on (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) (c) 0 (d) 2 ∴fog (x) is discontinuous and
(b) not monotonic on (−∞, 0) and (0, ∞) Ans. (b) non-differentiable at x = 0.
(c) monotonic on (0, ∞) only So, number of points of
x + 2, x < 0
(d) monotonic on (− ∞, 0) only f (x) = 2 non-differentiability of fog (x) is 1.
x , x≥0
Ans. (b)
x 3, x< 1 81 Let f : R → R and g : R → R be
Method (I) g (x) =
3 x − 2, x≥ 1
1 defined as
2 − sin | x |, x ≠ 0
Given, f (x) = x g ( x) + 2, g (x) < 0 x + a, x < 0
f [g (x)] = 2 f (x) =
x =0 and
0, g (x), g (x) ≥ 0
| x − 1|, x ≥ 0
− [2 − sin(1 / x)] x , x < 0 Y –2
3x
)= x + 1, x<0
⇒f (x) = 0 , x =0 (x
g g (x) =
1
(x − 1) + b, x ≥ 0
2
2 − sin x , x > 0
x X′ X
O
x=1 where a, b are non-negative real
⇒f ′ (x)
)= 3
numbers. If (gof) (x) is continuous
x
1 1 1
− 2 − sin x − x − cos x − x 2 , x < 0 for all x ∈R, then a + b is equal
g(x
=
to……… . [2021, 16 March Shift-II]
2 − sin 1 + x − cos 1 − 1 , x > 0
Y′
x x x 2 Ans. (1)
When g (x) < 0 ⇒g (x) = x 3, x < 0
x3 , 0 ≤ x < 1 x + a, x < 0
f (x) =
− 2 + sin 1 − 1 cos 1 , x < 0 When g (x) ≥ 0 ⇒g (x) = | x − 1 |, x ≥ 0
3x − 2, x ≥ 1
⇒f ′ (x) = x x x x + 1, x<0
1 1 1 x 3 + 2, x<0 g (x) =
2 − sin + cos , x>0 (x − 1) + b, x ≥ 0
2
x x x
f [g (x)] = x , 6
0≤ x< 1
Here, f ′ (x) is an oscillating function which (3x − 2)2 , f (x) + 1, f (x) < 0
x≥ 1 g [f (x)] =
is non-monotonic in (− ∞, 0 ) ∪ (0, ∞ ). [f ( x) − 1]2
+ b, f (x) ≥ 0
Method (II) As, polynomial function is continuous f(x ) < 0
− 2 − sin 1 x , x < 0 everywhere in its domain. So,f [g (x)] will Case I x + a < 0 and x < 0 ⇒x < − a
x
be continuous everywhere at x < 0,
Case II | x − 1 | < 0 and x ≥ 0 ⇒Not possible
0 < x < 1 and x > 1. We will check the
Q f (x) = 0 , x =0
behaviour of fog (x) only at boundary f (x) ≥ 0
1
2 − sin x x , x > 0 points which is x = 0 and x = 1. Case I x + a ≥ 0 and x < 0 ⇒x ∈ [− a, 0)
At x = 0, lim (x 3 + 2) = 2 Case II | x − 1 | ≥ 0 and x ≥ 0 ⇒x ≥ 0
From above we observe that,f (x) is x → 0− x + a + 1, x < 0 and f (x) < 0
lim x 6 = 0
continuous and f = f =
1 2 2 x→ 0 + | x − 1 | + 1,
Clearly, LHL ≠ RHL at x = 0 x ≥ 0 and f (x) < 0
π π π g [f (x)] =
(x + a − 1) + b, x < 0 and f (x) ≥ 0
2
So, fog (x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
So, f (x) is non-monotonic in (0, ∞).
At x = 1, lim x 6 = 1 ( | x − 1 | − 1) 2 + b, x ≥ 0 and f (x) ≥ 0
Further, lim (f) → ∞ x → 1−
x→ −∞ lim (3x − 2)2 = 1
and lim f (x) → ∞ x→ 1+
x + a + 1, x< −a
x→ ∞
and f(0) = 0
Also f(1) = 1 g [f (x)] = (x + a − 1) + b, − a ≤ x < 0
2
fog (x) is continuous at x = 1 ( | x − 1 | − 1)2 + b, x≥0
Hence,f (x) is non-monotonic on
(− ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). Derivative test at x = 1, This is continuous function.
f (1) − f (1 − h)
LHD = lim Since, g [f (x)] is continuous for all x ∈ R
80 Let the functions f :R → R and h→ 0 h
So, g (f (x)) will be continuous at x = −a and
g :R → R be defined as = lim
1 − (1 − h) 6 x =0
x + 2, x < 0 h→ 0 h Now, at x = −a
f (x) = 2
x , x≥0 = lim 6(1 − h) 5 = 6
h→ 0
LHL=RHL = value of function
⇒ 1 = 1 + b = 1 + b ⇒b = 0
158 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
At x = 0 π
= If f (x) is continuous on R, then a + b
LHL =RHL = value of function 2 equals [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
⇒ (a − 1)2 + b = b π π
LHL = and RHL = (a) –3 (b) –1
⇒ (a − 1)2 = 0 4 2
(c) 3 (d) 1
⇒ a=1 Hence, LHL ≠ RHL Ans. (b)
Hence,a + b = 1 So, the function will be discontinuous for
Given,f (x) is continuous on R.
every value of α ∈R.
If f (x) is continuous, then
82 Let α ∈R be such that the function ∴No such α exist.
f is continuous at x =`1
cos−1 (1 − {x} 2) sin−1 (1 − {x}) ⇒ lim f (x) = f (1) = lim f (x)
, x ≠ 0 83 Let f : S → S, where S = (0, ∞) be a
f (x) = {x} − {x} 3 x → 1− x→ 1 +
twice differentiable function, such ⇒ |a + 1 + b | = sin π = 0
α , x =0
that f (x + 1) = x f (x). If g : S → R be ⇒ a + b = −1 …(i)
is continuous at x = 0, where defined as g (x) = log e f (x), then the Also, f is continuous at x = − 1
{x} = x − [x],[x] is the greatest value of | g ′ ′ (5) − g ′ ′ (1)| is equal to ⇒ lim f (x) = f (−1) = lim f (x)
integer less than or equal to x. [2021, 16 March Shift-II] x → −1 − x → −1 +
Then, [2021, 16 March Shift-II] 205 197 −π
π
(a) (b) ⇒2 sin (−1) = |a − 1 + b |
(a) α = (b) α = 0 144 144 2
2 187
(c) (d) 1 ⇒ 2 = |a + b − 1| …(ii)
π 144
(c) no such α exists (d) α = Eq. (ii) is satisfied.
4 Ans. (a)
∴ a + b = −1
Ans. (c) We have,f : S → S , S = (0, ∞)
Given, f (x + 1) = x ⋅f (x) 85 Let f be any function defined on R
cos− 1 (1 − { x }2 ) sin− 1 (1 − { x }) g :S → R and let it satisfy the condition
, x ≠0
f (x) = {x} − {x}3 g (x) = log e f (x) | f (x) − f (y) | ≤ | (x − y)2 |, ∀ (x, y) ∈ R
α , x =0
To find | g ′′(5) − g ′′(1) | If f(0) = 1, then [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
{ x } = x − [x] ⇒ g (x + 1) = log e f (x + 1) (a) f (x) can take any value in R
So, when x → 0 + ⇒ g (x + 1) = log[x ⋅f (x)] (b) f (x) < 0, ∀ x ∈ R
⇒ {x} = x − 0 = x ⇒ g (x + 1) = log x + log f (x) (c) f (x) = 0, ∀ x ∈ R
And, when x → 0 − (d) f (x) > 0, ∀ x ∈ R
⇒ g (x + 1) = log x + g (x)
⇒ {x} = x + 1
⇒ g (x + 1) − g (x) = log x Ans. (d)
LHL = lim f (x)
x→ 0 − ⇒ g ′ (x + 1) − g ′ (x) = 1 / x Given, | f (x) − f (y) | ≤ | x − y |2
−1 | f (x) − f (y)|
cos− 1 [1 − (1 + x)2 ] sin− 1 [1 − (1 + x)] ⇒ g ′′(x + 1) − g ′′(x) = 2 ⇒ ≤ |x − y |
= lim x |x −y |
x→ 0 (1 + x) − (1 + x) 3 x = 1, g ′′ (2) − g ′′ (1) = − 1 … (i) Now, taking the limit,
cos− 1 (− x2 − 2x) sin− 1 (− x) x = 2, g ′′ (3) − g ′′ (2) = − 1 /4 … (ii) f (x) − f (y)
= lim lim ≤ lim | x − y |
x → 0 (1 + x) (1 + 1 + x) (1 − 1 − x) x = 3, g ′′ (4) − g ′′ (3) = − 1 /9 … (iii) x→ y x−y x→ y
cos− 1 (− x2 − 2x) x = 4, g ′′ (5) − g ′′ (4) = − 1 / 16 … (iv)
= lim ⇒| f ′ (y) | ≤ 0 [using the definition off ′ (y)]
x → 0 (1 + x) (x + 2) Adding Eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv),
⇒f ′ (y) = 0 [since, modulus value can
cos− 1 (0) π 1 1 1
= = g ′′ (5) − g ′′ (1) = − 1 − − − never be less than 0]
12
. 4 4 9 16 On integrating it, we get
144 + 36 + 16 + 9
RHL = lim f (x) =− f (y) = c (constant)
x→ 0 + 144
cos− 1 (1 − x2 ) sin− 1 (1 − x) Given,f(0) = 1 gives c = 1
= lim − 205 ∴ f (y) = 1 ∀ y ∈ R
x→ 0 x (1 − x) (1 + x) =
144 From given options,f (x) > 0 ∀ x ∈ R is
π cos− 1 (1 − x2 ) 205
= lim So, | g ′′ (5) − g ′′ (1) | = satisfied only.
2 x→ 0 x 144 Hence, answer will be option (d).
Applying L-Hospital Rule,
π
= lim
(− 1) (− 2x) 84 Let f : R → R be defined as 86 Let f (x) be a differentiable function
2 x → 0 1 − (1 − x2 )2 πx at x = a with f ′ (a) = 2 and f (a) = 4.
2 sin − , if x < − 1
π x 2 xf (a) − af (x)
= ⋅2 lim
2 x → 0 2x2 − x 4 Then, lim equals
f (x) = | ax 2 + x + b |, if − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 x→ a x −a
= π lim
1 sin (πx), [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
x→ 0
2 − x2 if x > 1 (a) 2a + 4 (b) 4 − 2a
(c) 2a − 4 (d) a + 4
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 159
Ans. (b) x2 + 2x + 3 ; x< −2 2n − 1
= (n − 2) cos π =0
xf (a) − af (x) 2 −1 2
lim − x − 6x − 5 ; − 2 < x <
2x − 1
x −a RHL = lim [x − 1] cos
x→ a ∴f (x) = 2
−1 π
xf (a) − af (x) + af (a) − af (a) − x2 − 2x − 3 ; < x< 1 x→ n+ 2
= lim 2
x→ a x −`a x2 − 7 2n − 1
; x> 1 = (n − 2) cos π =0
(x −`a)f (a) − a [f (x) − f (a)] 2
= lim 2x + 2 ; x< −2
x→ a x −`a −1 and f (n) = 0.
− 2x − 6 ; − 2 < x<
(x − a)f (a) f (x) − f (a) 2 Here, lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (n)
= lim − a lim Now, f ′ (x) = x→ n − x→ n +
x→ a x −`a x→ a x −`a −1
− 2x − 2 ; < x< 1
= f (a) − af ′ (a) 2 ∴It is continuous at every integers.
2x ; x> 1
= 4 − a(2) [Given, f (a) = 4, f ′(a) = 2] Therefore, the given function is
Now, f ′ (x) at 1, − 2 and − 1 /2. continuous for all real x.
= 4 − 2a
For x = 1,
f ′ (x) = 2x = 2 × 1 = 2 90 If a function f (x) defined by
87 A function f is defined on [–3, 3] as
and − 2x − 2 = − (2 × 1) − 2 = − 4 ae x + be − x , −1 ≤ x < 1
min {| x |, 2 − x 2 }, − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2
f (x) = both are not equal. f (x) = cx 2 , 1≤ x ≤ 3
[| x |] , 2< | x| ≤ 3 ∴Non-differentiable at x = 1 ax 2 + 2cx
, 3< x ≤ 4
Similarly, for x = − 2,
where, [x] denotes the greatest f ′ (x) = 2x + 2 = 2 × (− 2) + 2 = − 2 be continuous for some a,b,c ∈R
integer ≤ x . The number of points, and − 2x − 6 = − 2 × (− 2) − 6 = − 2 both are and f ′ (0) + f ′ (2) = e, then the value of
where f is not differentiable in equal. a is [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I]
(–3, 3) is ………. . ∴Differentiable at x = − 2 e e
and for x = − 1 /2, f ′ (x) = − 2x − 6 (a) (b)
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] e2 + 3e + 13 e2 − 3e − 13
− 1
Ans. (5) = − 2 × − 6 = − 5 and 1 e
2 (c) 2 (d) 2
For this particular problem, try to draw − 1 e − 3e + 13 e − 3e + 13
− 2x − 2 = − 2 × − 2 = − 1 both are
graph in the region (−3,3), it will be as 2 Ans. (d)
follows, not equal. Given function
∴Non-differentiable at x = − 1 /2 ae x + be − x , − 1 ≤ x < 1
2
∴The number of points at whichf (x) is
f (x) = cx2 , 1≤ x ≤ 3
non-differentiable is 2. ax2 + 2cx, 3< x ≤ 4
1
–√2 √2 89 If f : R → R is a function defined by Since, given function is continuous for
some a,b, c ∈R, So
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 2x − 1
f (x) = [x − 1]cos π, where [⋅] lim f (x) = lim f (x)
2 x → 1− x→ 1+
−1
denotes the greatest integer ⇒ ae + be =c … (i)
Thus, points of discontinuity will be at function, then f is and lim f (x) = lim f (x)
−2, 2 because the curve breaks at these [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] x → 3− x → 3+
points and at −1, 0, 1 because curve has (a) discontinuous only at x = 1 ⇒ c (3)2 = 9a + 6c
sharp points. (b) discontinuous at all integral values of ⇒ 3c = 9a ⇒c = 3a … (ii)
∴Point of discontinuity are −2, − 1, 0, 1, 2 x except at x = 1 Now, f ′ (0) + f ′ (2) = a − b + 4c = e [given]
i.e. 5 points. (c) continuous only at x = 1 … (iii)
(d) continuous for every real x From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
88 The number of points at which the Ans. (d) a − (3a − ae) e + 12a = e
function 2x − 1 ⇒ (13 − 3e + e2 )a = e
Given,f (x) = [x − 1] cos π where
f (x) = |2x + 1| − 3 | x + 2| + | x 2 + x − 2|, 2 ⇒ a= 2
e
x ∈R is not differentiable, is ………. . ⋅ is greatest integer function and
[] e − 3e + 13
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] f :R → R 91 Suppose a differentiable function
Ans. (2) QIt is a greatest integer function then we f (x) satisfies the identity
need to check its continuity at x ∈I
Given, f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + xy 2 + x 2 y, for
except these it is continuous.
f (x) = | 2x + 1 | − 3 | x + 2 | + | x2 + x − 2 | f (x)
Let x = n where n ∈I all real x and y. If lim = 1, then
= | 2x + 1 | − 3 | x + 2 | + | x + 2 | × | x − 1 | x→ 0 x
2x − 1
−1 Then, LHL = lim [x − 1] cos π f (3) is equal to ……… .
Here, critical points are x = , − 2, 1 x → n− 2
2 [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
160 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (10) Ans. (d) Ans. (8.00)
π + tan–1 x, | x | ≤ 1 |
The given function,f (x) = x ⋅ , for
Given functional identity x
Given function,f (x) = 4 2
f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) + xy2 + x2 y 1
| x |> 1 |
(| x |–1),
Differentiate w.r.t. x, we get 2 −10 < x < 10 may be discontinuous at the
x
f ′ (x + y) = f ′ (x) + y2 + 2xy π x ∈ [–1, 1]
points, where is an integer. So,
4 + tan x,
–1
2
[taking y as a constant]
1 possible points of discontinuity are
Now, put y = − x, then ⇒ f (x) = (x – 1), x > 1 at x = 1 x = 0, ±2, ± 4, ± 6, ± 8
f ′ (0) = f ′ (x) + x2 − 2x2 = f ′ (x) − x2 …(i) 2
1 (–x – 1), x < –1 But at x =0
f (x) 2
As, lim = 1 ⇒f(0) = 0 and f′ (0) = 1 …(ii) lim f (x) = 0 and lim f (x) = 0
x→ 0 x
π x→ 0 + x→ 0−
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Q f(1) = , f(1+ ) = 0
2 ∴ x = 0 is the point of continuity.
f ′ (x) = 1 + x2 So, the given functionf (x) is
⇒f is discontinuous at x = 1 , so it is
∴ f′ (3) = 1 + 9 = 10 discontinuous at
non-differentiable at x = 1
Hence, answer is 10.00.
Now, at x = –1 x = ± 2, ± 4, ± 6, ± 8
π π Therefore, the number of points of
92 Let f be a twice differentiable f(–1) = – = 0 discontinuity of f is equal to eight.
4 4
function on (1, 6). If f(–1+ ) = 0 and f(–1– ) = 0
f (2) = 8, f ′ (2) = 5, f ′ (x) ≥ 1 and ⇒ f is continuous at x = –1
96 If the function
f ′′ (x) ≥ 4, for all x ∈(1, 6), then 1 1
k (x − π) 2 − 1, x ≤ π
Q f' (–1+ ) = and f' (–1– ) = – f (x) = 1 is twice
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
2 2 k 2 cos x, x> π
(a) f (5) + f ' (5) ≥ 28 (b) f(5) ≤ 10
∴ f is non-differentiable at x = −1 differentiable, then the ordered pair
(c) f (5) + f ' (5) ≤ 26 (d) f ' (5) + f ′′(5) ≤ 20
∴ f is continuous on R –{ 1} and (k 1 , k 2 ) is equal to
Ans. (a) differentiable on R –{–1, 1}. [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
For twice differentiable function on (1, 6), it 1
is given that 94 Let f : (0, ∞) → (0, ∞) be a (a) (1, 1) (b) , 1
2
f ′′(x) ≥ 4 differentiable function such that 1
x x
t 2f 2 (x) − x 2f 2 (t) (c) (1, 0) (d) , − 1
⇒ ∫ f ′′(x) dx ≥ ∫ 4dx 2
f (1) = e and lim = 0.
2 2 t→ x t−x Ans. (b)
⇒ f ′ (x) − f ′ (2) ≥ 4(x − 2) If f (x) = 1, then x is equal to The given function,
⇒ f ′ (x) ≥ 4x − 3 …(i) [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] k (x − π)2 − 1, x ≤ π
[Q f′ (2) = 5] and f ′ (x) ≥ 1 [given] 1 1 f (x) = 1
x x (a) 2e (b) (c) e (d)
k2 cos x, x> π
e 2e
⇒ ∫ f ′ (x)dx ≥ ∫ dx ⇒f (x) − f (2) ≥ (x − 2) Ans. (b) Is twice differentiable, sof (x) must be
2 2
Lim t
2 2
f (x) – x2f2 (t) continuous at x = π, so lim f (x) = f ( π)
⇒ f (x) ≥ x + 6 …(ii) [Qf(2) = 8] Since, t→ x =0 x→ π +
t –x
Qx ∈(1, 6), so according to given option ⇒ − k2 = − 1 ⇒k2 = 1 …(i)
put x = 5, in inequalities (i) and (ii), we get On applying L' Hospital Rule, we get
2k (x − π), x < π
Lim 2tf (x) − x 2f (t)f ′ (t)
2 2 Now, f ′ (x) = 1
∴ f′ (5) ≥ 17 and f(5) ≥ 11 t→ x =0 − k2 sin x, x > π
⇒ f (5) + f ′ (5) ≥ 28 1
2k1, x< π
Hence, option (a) is correct. ⇒ 2xf2 (x) − 2x2f (x)f ′ (x) = 0 and f ′ ′ (x) =
Since, x and f (x) ∈ (0, ∞), so −
2 k cos x, x >π
93 The function d (f (x)) dx ∴ lim f ′ ′ (x) = lim f ′ ′ (x) ⇒ k2 = 2k1
f (x) = xf ′ (x) ⇒ ∫ =∫
π + tan −1 x | x| ≤ 1 f (x) x x→ π + x→ π −
k2
⇒ log e f (x) = log e (Cx) ⇒ k1 = =
1
f (x) = 4 is 2 2
[from Eq. (i)]
1 ⇒ f (x) = Cx.
(| x | − 1), | x| > 1 1
∴The ordered pair (k1, k2 ) = , 1
2 Q f (1) = e ⇒ C = e; ∴ f (x) = ex 2
1
(a) both continuous and differentiable on Now, as f (x) = 1 ⇒ ex = 1 ⇒ x = .
R − { 1} e 97 Which of the following points lies
95 Let f (x) = x , for −10 < x < 10,
x
on the tangent to the curve
(b) both continuous and differentiable on 2 x 4 e y + 2 y + 1 = 3 at the point (1, 0)?
R − { −1}
where [t] denotes the greatest [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
(c) continuous on R − { −1} and
differentiable on R − { −1, 1} integer function. Then, the (a) (2, 2) (b) (2, 6) (c) (2 6) (d) (–2, 4)
number of points of discontinuity Ans. (c)
(d) continuous on R − { 1} and
differentiable on R − { −1, 1} of f is equal to …. Equation of the given curve is
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] x4e y + 2 y + 1 = 3
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 161
On differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’, we get 100 Let S be the set of points where (c) f (1) − 4f (−1) = 4.
e y (4x 3) + x 4 e y
dy
+
1 dy
=0
the function, f (x) = |2 − | x − 3||, x ∈R, (d) x = 1 is a point of maxima and x = − 1 is
dx y + 1 dx is not differentiable. Then ∑ f (f (x)) a point of minimum off.
∴At point P(1, 0), is equal to …. . x ∈S Ans. (d)
dy 1 dy f (x)
e (4 × 1) + 1 . e
0
+0
=0 [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] Given that lim 2 + 3 = 4
dx 0 + 1 dx x→ 0 x
dy Ans. (3)
⇒ = –2 f (x)
dx P Given functionf (x) = |2 − | x − 3| | ⇒ 2 + lim 3 = 4
x→ 0 x
∴Equation of tangent at point P(10 , ) is |2 + (x − 3)|, x < 3 | x − 1 |, x < 3
= = f (x)
y = –2(x – 1) ⇒2x + y = 2 …(i) |2 − (x − 3)|. x ≥ 3 |5 − x |, x ≥ 3 ⇒ lim =2 …(i)
x→ 0 x 3
From the option point (–26 , ) contain by the 1 − x, x< 1
tangent (i). x − 1, 1≤ x < 3 and it is given thatf (x) is a polynomial of
= degree 3 and relation (i) will be true if
5 − x, 3 ≤ x < 5
98 Let f : R → R be a function defined lowest degree of polynomialf (x) is 3.
x − 5, x≥ 5
by f (x) = max {x, x 2 }. Let S denote Now, let f (x) = ax 5 + bx 4 + cx 3
the set of all points in R, where f is QFunction f (x) is not differentiable at f (x)
x = 1, 3, 5 Q lim =2 ⇒ c =2
not differentiable. x→ 0 x3
∴ S = { 1, 3, 5}
Then, [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II] ∴ f (x) = ax 5 + bx 4 + 2x 3
Now ∑ f (f (x)) = f (f (1)) + f (f (3)) + f (f (5))
(a) {0, 1} (b) {0} x ∈S ⇒ f ′ (x) = 5ax 4 + 4bx 3 + 6x2
(c) φ {an empty set} (d) {1} = f (1 − 1) + f (5 − 3) + f (5 − 5)
Qx ± 1 are critical points off (x).
Ans. (a) = f (0) + f (2) + f (0)
= (1 − 0) + (2 − 1) + (1 − 0) ∴ f′ (1) = 0 and f′ (−1) = 0
The functionf : R → R is defined by
f (x) = max{ x, x2 } = 1 + 1 + 1= 3 ∴ 5a + 4b + 6 = 0 …(ii)
Y
5a − 4b + 6 = 0 …(iii)
101 If the function f defined on − ,
y=x 2 1 1
3 3 From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we getb = 0 and
y=x 6
1 a=−
1 + 3x 5 6
(1, 1) log e , when x ≠ 0 ∴ f (x) = − x 5 + 2x 3
by f (x) = x 1 − 2x 5
⇒ f ′ (x) = − 6x 4 + 6x2
X k , when x = 0
O and f ′ ′ (x) = − 24x 3 + 12x
is continuous, then k is equal to … .
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
Qf′ ′ (1) = − 12 < 0 ⇒x = 1 is point of
maxima and
x2 , x<0 2x, x<0 Ans. (5)
Qf′ ′ (−1) = 12 > 0 ⇒x = − 1 is point of
= x, 0 ≤ x < 1 ⇒ f ′ (x) = 1, 0 ≤ x < 1 The given function ‘f’ defined on − ,
1 1
minima.
x2 , x≥ 1 2x, x≥ 1 3 3 sin(a + 2) x + sin x
1 1 + 3x ; x<0
− +
Qf′ (0 ) = 0, but f′ (0 ) = 1, so f is not log e , where x ≠ 0
by f (x) = x 1 − 2x x
differentiable at x = 0. 103 If f (x) = b ; x =0
k, where x = 0
Similarly, asf′ (1− ) = 1, but f′ (1+ ) = 2 ⇒f is (x + 3x 2 ) 1/ 3 − x 1/ 3
not differentiable at x = 1. So, the is continuous, then ; x>0
1 1 + 3x x 4/ 3
required set S = {0, 1}. k = lim log e
x→ 0 x 1 − 2x is continuous at x = 0, then a + 2b is
99 For all twice differentiable functions log (1 + 3x) log e (1 − 2x) equal to
= lim e −
f : R → R, with f (0) = f (1) = f ′ (0) = 0 x→ 0 x x (a) −2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) −1
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
= 3 − (−2) = 5 ⇒ k = 5 [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
(a) f′′ (x) ≠ 0 at every point x ∈(0, 1) Ans. (c)
(b) f′′ (x) = 0 at every point x ∈(0, 1) 102 Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree 5 It is given that, the function
(c) f′′ (0) = 0
such that x = ± 1 are its critical sin(a + 2) x + sin x
(d) f′′ (x) = 0 at every point x ∈(0, 1) ; x<0
points. x
Ans. (b)
f (x) f (x) = b ; x =0
Given functionf: R → R with
If lim 2 + 3 = 4, then which one
x→ 0 x ( x + 3x ) − x
2 1/ 3 1/ 3
f (0) = f (1) = f ′ (0) = 0. ; x>0
of the following is not true? x4/ 3
So, by Rolle’s theorem, for some c ∈(0, 1)
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II] is continuous at x = 0, then
f ′ (c) = 0.
And as f′ (0) = 0 and function ‘f’ is twice (a) f is an odd function. lim f (x) = f (0) = lim f (x)
x → 0− x→0 +
differential. (b) x = 1is a point of minima and x = − 1is a
So, again for some x ∈(0, 1). point of maxima of f. ∴ b = lim f (x)
x→0+
f ′′(x) = 0 [By Rolle’s theorem]
162 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
(x + 3x2 ) 1/ 3 − x 1/ 3 Ans. (a) and lim f (x) = 5 ≠ f (3) [Q f(3) = 6]
= lim
x → 3−
x→0 + x4/ 3 As we know that x − 1 < [x] ≤ x,
∴ Function f (x) is discontinuous at points
(1 + 3x) 1/ 3 − 1 where [x] denote the greatest integer
= lim 0, 1 and 3.
x→0 + x ≤ x.
− 1< ≤
1 4 4 4
1 + (3x) So,
x x x 107 Let f : R → R be a differentiable
3
+ (higher degree terms in x) − 1 function satisfying f ′ (3) + f ′ (2) = 0.
lim x − 1 < lim x ≤ lim x
= lim 4 4 4
∴ 1
x→0+ x x→ 0 x x → 0 x x → 0 x 1 + f (3 + x) − f (3) x
= lim [1 + (higher degree terms of x)] Then lim is
lim (4 − x) < lim x ≤ lim 4 x→ 0 1 + f (2 − x) − f (2)
x→0+
4
⇒
x→ 0 x→ 0 x x → 0
equal to [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
= 1 (on applying limit) ⇒ b = 1 So, according to Squeeze theorem, we (a) e (b) e −1 (c) e2 (d) 1
Now, f (0) = lim f (x) have Ans. (d)
x → 0− 1
lim x = 4 = A
4
sin(a + 2) x + sin x (given) 1 + f (3 + x) − f (3) x ∞
⇒ lim =1 x→ 0 x Let l = lim [1 form]
x → 0− x x → 0 1 + f (2 − x) − f (2)
Now, the functionf (x) = [x2 ] sin( πx) is 1 1 + f (3 + x ) − f (3)
[Qf (0) = b = 1] lim 1−
continuous at every integral value of x, x→ 0 x 1 + f (2 − x ) − f (2 )
a + 3 ax ⇒ l=e
2 sin x cos so according to given options A + 1 = 5
2 2 1 + f (2 − x ) − f (2 ) − 1 − f (3 + x ) + f (3)
⇒ lim =1 lim
x→ 0 x (1 + f (2 − x ) − f (2 ))
x → 0− x ∈Integer.
/ =e
⇒ So f (x) is discontinuous when x = 5 lim
f (2 − x ) − f (3 + x ) + f (3) − f (2 )
x→ 0 x (1 + f (2 − x ) − f (2 ))
a + 3 = A + 1. =e
sin 2 x a + 3 ax
lim 2 × Hence, option (a) is correct.
⋅ cos = 1 On applying L’Hopital rule, we get
x → 0− a + 3 2 2 −f ′ (2 − x ) −f ′ (3 + x )
x
lim
x→ 0 1 − xf ′ (2 − x ) + f (2 − x ) − f (2 )
2 106 Let f : [−1, 3] → R be defined as l=e
⇒ a + 3= 1 ⇒ a = −2 | x | + [x], −1 ≤ x < 1 On applying limit, we get
So, a + 2b = − 2 + 2(1) = 0 −f ′ (2 ) − f ′ (3)
f (x) = x + | x |, 1 ≤ x < 2
x + [x], 2 ≤ x ≤ 3, l = e 1 − 0 + f (2 ) − f (2 ) = e 0 = 1
104 Let f and g be differentiable 1
functions on R such that fog is the 1 + f (3 + x) − f (3) x
where, [t] denotes the greatest So, lim =1
identity function. If for some x → 0 1 + f (2 − x) − f (2)
integer less than or equal to t.
a, b ∈R,g ′ (a) = 5 and g (a) = b, then Then, f is discontinuous at π π
f ′ (b) is equal to [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II] 108 If the function f defined on ,
1 2
[2019, 8 April Shift-II]
6 3
(a) (b) 5 (c) (d) 1 (a) four or more points
5 5 (b) only two points
2 cos x − 1 π
Ans. (a) , x≠
(c) only three points by f (x) = cot x − 1 4 is
It is given that fog(x) = x, then gof (x) = x (d) only one point π
k, x=
⇒ g ′ (f (x))f ′ (x) = 1 Ans. (c) 4
On putting x = b, we get
1 Given functionf : [−1, 3] → R is defined as continuous, then k is equal to
g ′ (f (b))f ′ (b) = 1 ⇒ f ′ (b) = | x | + [x], −1 ≤ x < 1
g ′ (f (b)) [2019, 9 April Shift-I]
gof (x) = x 1 1
f (x) = x + | x |, 1 ≤ x < 2 (a) (b) 2 (c) 1 (d)
⇒ g f (b) = b (on putting x = b) x + [x ], 2 ≤ x ≤ 3 2 2
⇒ g (f (b)) = g (a) (Qg (a) = b)
Ans. (a)
⇒ f (b) = a − x − 1, − 1 ≤ x < 0
1 1 x, 0≤ x< 1 Given function is
∴ f ′ (b) = = (given)
g ′ (a) 5 = 2x, 1≤ x < 2 2 cos x − 1 π
,x ≠
Hence, option (a) is correct. x + 2, 2 ≤ x < 3 f (x) = cot x − 1 4
π
6, x =3 k , x=
4
105 Let [t] denote the greatest integer [Qif n ≤ x < n + 1, ∀ n ∈ Integer, [x] = n]
QFunction f (x) is continuous, so it is
≤ t and lim x = A. Then the
4 π
Q lim f (x) = − 1 ≠ f (0) [Q f(0) = 0] continuous at x = .
x→ 0 x x→ 0− 4
π
function, f (x) = [x 2] sin(πx) is Q lim f (x) = 1 ≠ f (1) [Q f(1) = 2] ∴ f = lim f (x)
x → 1−
4 x→ π
discontinuous, when x is equal to 4
Q lim f (x) = 4 = f (2) = lim f (x) = 4 lim
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II] − + 2 cos x − 1
x →2 x →2 ⇒ k= π
(a) A+1 (b) A + 21 x→ cot x − 1
[Q f(2) = 4] 4
(c) A (d) A +5
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 163
π From the above definition it is clear that = b(5 − π) + 3 …(iii)
Put x= + h,
4 g (x) is not differentiable at x = 5, 10, 15. QFunction f (x) is continuous at x = 5.
π
when x →
110 If f (x) = [x] − , x ∈R where [x]
, thenh→ 0 x
4 ∴ f (5) = lim f (x) = lim f (x)
x→ 5 + x→ 5 −
π 4
2 cos + h − 1 ⇒ a (5 − π) + 1 = b (5 − π) + 3
lim 4 denotes the greatest integer
k=
h→ 0 π function, then [2019, 9 April Shift-II] ⇒ (a − b)(5 − π) = 2
cot + h − 1
4 2
(a) lim f (x) exists but lim f (x) does not ⇒ a −b =
1 1 x→ 4 + x→ 4 − 5− π
2 cos h − sin h − 1
lim 2 2 exist
= (b) f is continuous at x = 4
112 Let f : R → R be differentiable at
h→ 0 cot h − 1
−1 c ∈R and f (c) = 0. If g (x) = | f (x) | , then
cot h + 1 (c) Both lim f (x) and lim f (x) exist but
x→ 4 − x→ 4 + at x = c, g is [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
Q cos (x + y) = cos x cos y − sin x sin y
are not equal
(d) lim f (x) exists but lim f (x) does (a) not differentiable
cot x cot y − 1 x→ 4 − x→ 4 + (b) differentiable if f′ (c) ≠ 0
and cot (x + y) =
cot y + cot x not exist
(c) not differentiable if f′ (c) = 0
Ans. (b) (d) differentiable if f′ (c) = 0
lim cos h − sin h − 1
=
Given functionf (x) = [x] − , x ∈ R
x
h→ 0 −2 Ans. (d)
4
1 + cot h Given function, g (x) = |f (x)|
4 + h
Now, lim f (x) = lim [4 + h] −
=
lim (1 − cos h) + sin h
(sin h + cos h) x→ 4 + h→ 0 4 where f : R → R be differentiable at c ∈ R
h → 0 2 sin h and f (c) = 0, then for function ‘g’ at x = c
[Qput x = 4 + h, when x → 4+ , thenh→ 0]
2 sin2 h + 2 sin h cos h = lim (4 − 1) = 3 g (c + h) − g (c)
g ′ (c) = lim [where h> 0]
lim 2 2 2 h→ 0
h→ 0 h
= (sin h + cos h) 4 − h
h→ 0 h h and lim f (x) = lim [4 − h] − |f (c + h)| − |f (c)|
4 sin
2
cos
2
x→ 4 − h→ 0 4 = lim
h→ 0 h
sin h + cos h [Q put x = 4 − h, when x → 4− then h→ 0]
lim 2 |f (c + h)|
= 2 × (sinh + cos h) = lim (3 − 0) = 3 = lim [as f (c) = 0 (given)]
h→ 0 h→ 0 h
h → 0 2 cos h
and f(4) = [4] − = 4 − 1 = 3
4
2 f (c + h) − f (c)
4 = lim [Qh> 0]
1 h→ 0 h
⇒k=
2 Q lim f (x) = f (4) = lim f (x) = 3
x→ 4 − x→ 4 + f (c + h) − f (c)
= lim
So, function f (x) is continuous at x = 4. h→ 0 h
109 Let f (x) = 15 − x − 10 ; x ∈R. Then,
the set of all values of x, at which = f ′ (c)
111 If the function
the function, g (x) = f (f (x)) is not a | π − x| +1, x ≤ 5 [Qf is differentiable at x = c]
differentiable, is f (x) = is Now, if f ′ (c) = 0, then g (x) is
[2019, 9 April Shift-I]
b | x − π | +3, x > 5 differentiable at x = c, otherwise LHD (at
(a) {5, 10, 15, 20} (b) {5, 10, 15 }
continuous at x = 5, then the value x = c) and RHD (at x = c) is different.
of a − b is [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
(c) {10} (d) {10, 15 } −2 2 sin (p + 1) x + sin x
Ans. (b) (a) (b)
π +5 π +5 ,x<0
Given function isf (x) = 15 − | x − 10 |, x ∈R 2 2 x
(c) (d) 113 If f (x) = q, x =0
and g (x) = f (f (x)) = f (15 − | x − 10 |) π −5 5 −π x + x2 − x x>0
= 15 − | 15 − | x − 10 | − 10 | Ans. (d) ,
= 15 − | 5 − | x − 10 | | Given function x 3/ 2
15 − | 5 − (x − 10) | , x ≥ 10 a | π − x | + 1, x ≤ 5
= f (x) =
15 − | 5 + (x − 10) | , x < 10 b | x − π | + 3, x > 5 is continuous at x = 0, then the
15 − | 15 − x | , x ≥ 10 and it is also given thatf (x) is continuous ordered pair (p, q) is equal to
= [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
at x = 5.
15 − | x − 5 | , x < 10
Clearly, f (5) = a (5 − π) + 1 …(i) 3 1 1 3
15 + (x − 5) = 10 + x , x< 5 (a) − , − (b) − ,
lim f (x) = lim [a | π − (5 − h)| + 1] 2 2 2 2
15 − (x − 5) = 20 − x , 5 ≤ x < 10
x→ 5 − h→ 0
= 5 1 3 1
15 + (x − 15) = x , 10 ≤ x < 15 = a(5 − π) + 1 …(ii) (c) , (d) − ,
2 2 2 2
15 − (x − 15) = 30 − x , x ≥ 15 and lim f (x) = lim [b | (5 + h) − π | + 3]
x→ 5 + h→ 0
164 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (d) Ans. (d) y=x2
y=|x|
Given function Key Idea A function is said to be 2
sin(p + 1) x + sin x continuous
, x<0 1
x if it is continuous at each point of the
f (x) = q , x =0 domain.
5 if x≤ 1 0
x+x − x
2 –2 –1 1 2
, x>0 a + bx if 1 < x < 3 –1
x 3/ 2
We have, f (x) =
is continuous at x = 0, then b + 5x if 3 ≤ x < 5 –2
f (0) = lim f (x) = lim f (x) …(i) 30 if x≥ 5
x→ 0− x→ 0 + Clearly, y = | x | and y = x2 intersect at
sin(p + 1) x + sin x Clearly, for f (x) to be continuous, it has to
lim f (x) = lim x = − 1, 0, 1
be continuous at x = 1, x = 3 and x = 5
x→ 0− x→ 0− x Now, the graph of y = max {| x |, x2 } for
[QIn rest portion it is continuous
= p+ 1+ 1=p+ 2 | x | ≤ 2 is
everywhere]
Q lim sin(ax) = a 4
x → 0 x ∴ lim (a + bx) = a + b = 5 …(i)
x→ 1+
[Q lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (1)] y=x2
x + x2 − x x → 1− x→ 1 +
and lim f (x) = lim
x→ 0 + x→ 0 + x 3/ 2 lim (b + 5x) = b + 25 = 30 …(ii) 1
x → 5−
x [(1 + x) 1/ 2 − 1] [Q lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (5)]
= lim x → 5− x→ 5 +
x→ 0 + x x –2 –1 1 2
11 On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we getb = 5
− 1 and a = 0
y =|x|
1
1 + x + 2 2
x2 + .... − 1 Now, let us check the continuity off (x) at
2 2! For | x | ∈ (2, 4]
x = 3.
8 − 2x, x ∈ (2, 4]
= lim Here, lim (a + bx) = a + 3b = 15 f (x) = 8 − 2 | x | =
x→ 0 + x 8 + 2x, x ∈ [− 4, − 2)
x → 3−
[Q(1+ x) n and lim (b + 5x) = b + 15 = 20 Q2 < | x | ≤ 4
n(n − 1) 2 n(n − 1(n − 2)) 3 x → 3+ ⇒ | x | > 2 and | x | ≤ 4
= 1 + nx + x + x +
1⋅ 2 1⋅2⋅3 Hence, for a = 0 and b = 5, f (x) is not
continuous at x = 3
...,| x |< 1] – 4 – 2 2 4
11 ∴ f (x) cannot be continuous for any values
− 1 ofa andb. Hence, the graph of y = f (x) is
1 1
= lim + 2 2 x + ... =
x→ 0 + 2 2! 2 max { | x |, x 2 }, | x | ≤ 2 4
115 Let f (x) =
2x
y=
8 − 2 | x |, 2< | x | ≤ 4
8+
8
–2
From Eq. (i), we get 1
y=
x
1
f (0) = q = and lim f (x) = p + 2 =
1 Let S be the set of points in the
2 x→ 0− 2 interval (−4, 4) at which f is not –4 –2 –1 1 2 4
⇒ p= −
3 differentiable. Then, S
2 [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
From the graph it is clear that at
3 1 (a) equals {−2, − 1, 0, 1, 2 } x = − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2 the curve has sharp
So, (p, q) = − ,
2 2 (b) equals {−2, 2} edges and hence at these pointsfis not
(c) is an empty set differentiable.
114 Let f:R → R be a function defined (d) equals {−2,−1, 1, 2}
as Ans. (a) 116 Let f : (−1, 1) → R be a function
5, if x≤1 defined by
Key Idea
a + bx, if 1 < x < 3 f (x) = max {− x , − 1 − x 2 }. If K is the
This type of problem can be solved
f (x) =
b + 5x, if 3 ≤ x < 5
graphically set of all points at which f is not
30, max {| x |, x2 }, | x| ≤ 2
if x≥ 5 We have,f (x) = differentiable, then K has exactly
8 − 2 | x |, 2< |x |≤ 4 [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II]
Then, f is [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I] (a) three elements (b) five elements
Let us draw the graph of y = f (x)
(a) continuous if a = −5 and b = 10 (c) two elements (d) one element
For |x | ≤ 2f (x) = max{| x | x2 }
(b) continuous if a =5 and b = 5 Ans. (a)
Let us first draw the graph of y = | x |
(c) continuous if a =0 and b = 5
and y = x2 as shown in the following Key Idea This type of questions can be
(d) not continuous for any values of a figure. solved graphically.
and b
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 165
Given, f : (−1, 1) → R, such that 1, − 2≤ x < 0 Here,
Clearly, |f (x)| = 2
| x − 1 |, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 Rf ′ (0) = lim (3 cos x − 1 − 2(x − π) sin x)
f (x) = max − | x |, − 1 − x2 x→ 0 +
− 2≤ x < 0
1, =3− 1−0 =2
On drawing the graph, we get the
= − (x2 − 1), 0 ≤ x < 1 and
follwong figure. x2 − 1,
Y 1≤ x ≤ 2 Lf ′ (0) = lim (cos x + 1 − 2(x − π) sin x)
x → 0−
and f (| x |) = | x |2 − 1, 0 ≤ | x | ≤ 2 = 1+ 1−0 =2
y=f(x)
O 1 [Q f (| x |) = − 1 is not possible as | x | </ 0] Q Rf ′ (0) = Lf ′ (0)
–1 = x2 − 1, | x | ≤ 2 [Q | x |2 = x2 ] So, f (x) is differentiable at all values of x.
–1 , –1 , 1 , –1 ,
√2 √2 √2 √2 = x − 1, − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2
2
⇒ K =φ
y=–|x| ∴ g (x) = |f (x)| + f (| x |)
1 + x2 − 1, − 2≤ x < 0 119 Let S be the set of all points in
Q graph of y = − | x | is
= − (x − 1) + x2 − 1, 0 ≤ x < 1
2
(− π, π) at which the function,
Y x2 − 1 + x2 − 1, 1≤ x ≤ 2 f (x) = min {sin x,cos x} is not
x , 2
− 2≤ x < 0 differentiable. Then, S is a subset
X of which of the following?
= 0, 0≤ x< 1 [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
2 (x2 − 1), 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
π π
(a) − , 0,
Now, let us draw the graph of y = g (x), as 4 4
and graph of y = − 1 − x2
π π π π
shown in the figure. (b) − , − , ,
Y Y 2 4 4 2
(2,6)
3π π 3π π
(c) − ,− , ,
(–2,4) y=x2 y=0
X
y=2 (x2 –1) 4 4 4 4
3π π π 3π
X′ X (d) − ,− , ,
–2 –1 O 1 2 4 2 2 4
[Qx2 + y2 = 1 represent a complete Ans. (c)
circle]
Y′ Let us draw the graph of y = f (x), as
− 1 − x2 , − 1< x ≤ −
1 shown below
2 1
[ Here, y = 2 (x2 − 1) or x2 = (y + 2)
1 1 2 y=cos x y=sin x
⇒ f (x) = − | x |, − < x≤ 1
2 2 represent a parabola with vertex (0, − 2)
and it open upward] –3π
1 –π 4 O π
− 1− x , < x< 1
2 X
Note that there is a sharp edge at x = 1 π π/4
2
only, so g (x) is not differentiable at x = 1
–
2
From the figure, it is clear that function only. –1
1 1 y=min {sin x, cos x}
have sharp edges, at x = − , 0,
2 2 118 Let K be the set of all real values of
∴ Function is not differentiable at 3 x, where the function Clearly, the function
f (x) = min {sin x, cos x } is not differentiable
points. f (x) = sin| x | − | x | + 2(x − π)cos| x | is − 3π π
−1, −2 ≤ x < 0 not differentiable. Then, the set K at x = and
117 Let f (x) = 2 is equal to
4 4
x − 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
[these are point of intersection of
(a) {0} (b) φ (an empty set) graphs of sin x and cos x in (− π, π), on
and g (x) = | f (x)| + f (| x |). (c) { π } (d) {0, π } which function has sharp edges]. So,
Then, in the interval (−2, 2), g is −3 π π
S =
Ans. (b)
, , which is a subset of
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
We have, 4 4
(a) not differentiable at one point f (x) = sin| x | − | x | + 2 (x − π) cos| x | −3 π , − π , 3 π , π
(b) not differentiable at two points − sin x + x + 2(x − π) cos x, if x < 0
f (x) = 4 4 4 4
(c) differentiable at all points sin x − x + 2(x − π) cos x, if x ≥ 0
(d) not continuous
[Qsin(−θ) = − sinθ and cos(−θ) = cosθ] 120 Let S = (t ∈ R : f (x)
Ans. (a)
∴f ′ (x) = = | x − π | ⋅ (e | x | − 1) sin| x | is not
Key Idea This type of problem can be − cos x + 1 + 2 cos x − 2(x − π) sin x ; if x < 0 differentiable at t }. Then, the set S
solved graphically.
cos x − 1 + 2 cos x − 2(x − π) sin x , if x > 0 is equal to [JEE Main 2018]
− 1, − 2 ≤ x < 0 Clearly, f (x) is differentiable everywhere (a) φ (an empty set) (b) {0}
We have, f (x) = 2
x − 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 except possibly at x = 0 (c) { π } (d) {0, π }
and g (x) = |f (x)| + f (| x |) [Qf ′ (x) exist for x < 0 and x > 0]
166 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (a) k x + 1 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 Now, cos x is continuous, ∀x ∈ R.
∴ g (x) =
We have,f (x) = | x − π |⋅(e | x | − 1) sin| x | mx + 2 , 3 < x ≤ 5 1
⇒cos π x − is also continuous,
(x − π)(e − x − 1) sin x, x<0 2
At x = 3, RHL = 3m + 2
∀x ∈ R.
f (x) = − (x − π)(e − 1) sin x, 0 ≤ x < π
x
and at x = 3, LHL = 2k
(x − π)(e x − 1) sin x, Hence, the continuity off depends upon
x≥ π
∴ 2k = 3m + 2 …(i) the continuity of [x]. Now, [x] is
We check the differentiability at x = 0 k discontinuous, ∀x ∈I.
, 0≤ x<3
and π. Also, g ′ (x) = 2 x + 1 So, we should check the conitnuity off at
We have, m , 3< x ≤ 5 x = n,∀n ∈I.
(x − π) (e − x − 1) cos x + (e − x − 1) sin x k LHL at x = n is given by
∴ L { g ′ (3)} = and R { g ′ (3)} = m
+ (x − π) sin xe − x (−1), x < 0 4 f (n− ) = lim f (x)
−
⇒
k
= m i.e. k = 4m
x→ n
1
− [(x − π)(e − 1) cos x + (e − 1) sin x …(ii)
x x
f ′ (x) = 4 = lim [x] cos π x −
x → n− 2
+ (x − π) sin xe ],0 < x < π
x
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get (2n − 1) π
= (n − 1) cos =0
(x − π)(e − 1) cos x + (e − 1) sin x
x x
8 2 2
k = ,m= ⇒ k + m=2
+ (x − π) sin xe x , x > π 5 5
RHL at x = n is given by
f (n+ ) = lim f (x)
Clearly, lim f ′ (x) = 0 = lim f ′ (x) 123 If f and g are differentiable x→ n+
x→ 0− x→ 0 + 1
= lim [x] cos π x −
and lim f ′ (x) = 0 = lim f ′ (x) functions in (0,1) satisfying x→ n+ 2
x→ π − x→ π + f (0) = 2 = g (1),g (0) = 0 and f (1) = 6, then = (n) cos
(2n − 1) π
=0
∴f is differentiable at x = 0 and x = π for some c ∈] 0,1 [ [JEE Main 2014] 2
Hence,f is differentiable for all x. (a) 2 f′ (c) = g′ (c) (b) 2 f′ (c) = 3g′ (c) Also, value of the function at x = n is
(c) f′ (c) = g′ (c) (d) f′ (c) = 2 g′ (c) 1
121 For x ∈R, f (x) = |log 2 − sin x| f (n) = [n] cos π n −
2
Ans. (d)
and g (x) = f (f (x)), then = (n) cos
(2n − 1) π
=0
Here, f (0) = 2 = g (1), g (0) = 0 and f (1) = 6
[JEE Main 2016] 2
Qf and g are differentiable in (1,0).
(a) g is not differentiable at x = 0 ∴ f (n+ ) = f (n− ) = f (n)
Let h (x) = f (x) −2g (x)
(b) g′ (0) = cos (log 2) Hence, f is continuous at x = n, ∀n ∈I.
h (0) = f (0) − 2g (0)
(c) g′ (0) = − cos (log 2)
h(0) = 2 − 0 = 2
(d) g is differentiable at x = 0 and 125 Consider the function,
Now, h (1) = f (1) − 2g (1) = 6 − 2 (2)
g′ (0) = − sin (log 2) f (x) = | x − 2 | + | x − 5 |, x ∈R.
h (1) = 2,h (0) = h (1) = 2
Ans. (b) Statement I f ′ (4) = 0
Hence, using Rolle's theorem,
We have, f (x) = log 2 − sin x Statement II f is continuous in
There exists c ∈] 0, 1 [, such that
and g (x) = f (f (x)), x ∈ R [2, 5], differentiable in (2, 5) and
h′ ( c ) = 0
Note that, for x → 0, log 2> sin x
⇒ f ′ (c) − 2g ′ (c) = 0, for some c ∈] 0, 1 [ f (2) = f (5).
∴ f (x) = log 2 − sin x
⇒ f ′ (c) = 2g ′ (c) (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
⇒ g (x) = log 2 − sin (f (x)) true
= log 2 − sin (log 2 − sin x) 124 If f : R → R is a function defined by (b) Statement II is true, Statement II is
Clearly, g (x) is differentiable at x = 0 as
2x − 1 true; Statement II is a correct
sinx is differentiable. f (x) = [x] cos π, where [x] explanation of Statement I
Now, g ′ (x) = − cos (log 2 − sin x) (− cos x) 2
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
= cos x ⋅ cos (log 2 − sin x) denotes the greatest integer true; Statement II is not a correct
⇒ g′ (0) = 1 ⋅ cos (log 2) function, then f is [AIEEE 2012] explanation of Statement I
(a) continuous for every real x (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
122 If the function (b) discontinuous only at x = 0
false [AIEEE 2012]
k x + 1 , 0≤ x ≤ 3 Ans. (c)
g (x) = is (c) discontinuous only at non-zero
mx + 2 , 3 < x ≤ 5 integral values of x Given A function f such that
f (x) = | x − 2 | + | x − 5 |.
differentiable, then the value of (d) continuous only at x = 0
To discuss Continuity and
k + m is [JEE Main 2015] Ans. (a) differentiability of f in interval (2, 5).
16 10 x − 2 x ≥ 2
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 4 Given A function f : R → R defined by We know that, | x − 2 | =
5 3 1 2 − x, x < 2
f (x) = [x] cos π x − , where [] denotes
Ans. (a) 2
x − 5, x ≥ 5
the greatest integer function. and | x − 5 | =
Since, g (x) is differentiable ⇒g (x) must
5 − x, x < 5
be continuous. To discuss The continuity of functionf.
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 167
2 − x, x < 2 Ans. (b)
128 Define f (x) as the product of two
⇒ | x − 2 | = x − 2, 2 ≤ x ≤ 5 sin (p + 1) x + sin x
x − 2, x > 5 , x<0 real functions f1 (x) = x, x ∈ IR and
x
5 − x, x < 2 Here, f (x) = q , x =0 sin 1 , if x ≠ 0
f2 (x) = x as follows
and | x − 5 | = 5 − x, 2 ≤ x ≤ 5 x+x − x
2
, x>0
x − 5, x > 5 3 0 , if x = 0
⇒ f (x) = | x − 2 | + | x − 5 |
x2 f1 (x) ⋅ f2 (x), if x ≠ 0
Since,f (x) is continuous for x ∈ R. f (x) =
(2 − x) + (5 − x), x < 2 0 , if x = 0
So, f (x) is continuous at x = 0.
= (x − 2) + (5 − x), 2 ≤ x ≤ 5 Statement I F (x) is continuous on
RHL at x = 0,
(x − 2) + (x − 5), x > 5
h + h2 − h h { h + 1 − 1}
IR.
7 − 2x, x < 2 lim 3
= lim Statement II f1 (x) and f2 (x) are
h→ 0 h→ 0 h h
= 3 , 2≤ x ≤ 5 h2 continuous on IR. [AIEEE 2011]
2x − 7, x > 5 h+ 1 − 1 h + 1 + 1 (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
= lim × true
Now, we can draw the graph off very h→ 0 h h + 1 + 1
easily. (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
(h + 1) − 1
Y = lim true; Statement II is correct explanation
h → 0 h { h + 1 + 1} of Statement I.
y = 2x – 7
y = 7 – 2x
1 1
= lim = …(i) (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
h→ 0 h + 1 + 1 2 true; Statement II is not a correct
explanation of Statement I
y=3 LHL at x = 0,
sin (p + 1) (− h) + sin (− h) (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
X lim
O 2 5 h→ 0 −h Ans. (d)
sin (p + 1) h sin h x ⋅ sin 1 , x ≠ 0
= lim + Here, f (x) = x
From the above graph, we can analyse all h→ 0 h h 0 , x =0
the required things.
⇒ (p + 1) + 1 = (p + 2) …(ii) To check continuity at x = 0,
Statement I f′ (4) = 0
f (0) = q
LHL = lim (− h) sin − = 0
…(iii) 1
It is obviously clear thatf is constant
around x = 4, hencef′ (4) = 0. Hence, From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get h→ 0 h
RHL = lim h sin = 0 ⇒ f(0) = 0
Statement I is correct. 1 1
=q = p+ 2
Statement II It can be clearly seen that 2 h→ 0 h
(i) f is continuous, ∀x ∈ [2, 5]. ∴
3
p = − ,q =
1 So, f (x) is continuous at x = 0.
(ii) f is differential, ∀x ∈ (2, 5). 2 2 Hence, Statement I is correct.
(iii) f (2) = f (5) = 3 sin 1 , x ≠ 0
127 If function f (x) is differentiable at
Hence, Statement II is also correct but f2 (x) = x
obviously not a correct explanation of x 2f (a) − a 2f (x) 0 , x =0
x = a, then lim is
Here, lim f2 (x) = lim sin
Statement I. 1
x→ a x −a
x→ 0 x→ 0 x
126 The values of p and q for which the equal to [AIEEE 2011] which does not exist. So,f2 (x) is not
function (a) 2a f (a) + a f′ (a)
2
continuous at x = 0. Hence, Statement II
(b) − a2 f′ (a) is false.
sin (p + 1) x + sin x , x < 0 (c) af (a) − a2 f′ (a)
x 129 If f : (− 1, 1) → R be a differentiable
(d) 2af (a) − a2 f′ (a)
f (x) = q, x =0 function with f (0) = − 1 and f ′ (0) = 1.
Ans. (d) Let g (x) = [f (2f (x) + 2)] 2 . Then, g ′ (0)
x + x 2
− x x f (a) − a f (x)
2 2
is equal to
, x>0 Here, lim
[AIEEE 2010]
x 3/ 2 x → a x − a (a) 4 (b) – 4 (c) 0 (d) – 2
2xf (a) − a f ′ (x)
2 Ans. (b)
is continuous for all x in R, are = lim
[AIEEE 2011] x→ a 1−0 We have,f : (− 1, 1) → R
5
(a) p = , q =
1 3
(b) p = − , q =
1
[using L’ Hospital rule] f (0) = −1, f ′(0) = 1
2 2 2 2 g (x) = [f (2f (x) + 2)]2
= 2af (a) − a f ′ (a)
2
1 3 1 3 ⇒4 g ′(x) = 2 [f (2f (x) + 2)] × f ′ (2f (x) +2)
(c) p = , q = (d) p = , q = −
2 2 2 2 ×2f ′ (x)
168 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Y y=x+1
⇒ g ′(0) = 2 [f {2f (0) + 2}] × f ′ {2f (0) +2} Ans. (d) y=– x+1
×2f ′ (0) f (1 − h) − f (1)
Now, f ′ (1− ) = lim
= 2 [f (0)] × f ′ (0) × 2f ′(0) h→ 0 −h
y=1
(1 − h − 1) ⋅ sin
= 2 × (− 1) × 1 × 2 × 1 = − 4 1 (0, 1)
−0
1 −h − 1 X′ X
= lim
130 Let f (x) = x| x | and g (x) = sin x h→ 0 −h
O
= lim sin −
1
Statement I gof is differentiable
h→ 0 h
at x = 0and its derivative is Y′
1
continuous at that point. = − lim sin It is clear from the figure thatf (x) is
h→ 0 h
Statement II gof is twice differentiable everywhere.
f (1 + h) − f (1)
differentiable at x = 0. [AIEEE 2009] and f ′ (1+ ) = lim
h→ 0 h 133 The function f : R/{0} → R given by
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
(1 + h − 1) sin
1
true −0 1 2
1 + h − 1 f (x ) = − 2x
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is = lim x e −1
h→ 0 h
true; Statement II is a correct
explanation of Statement I = lim sin
1 can be made continuous at x = 0by
h→ 0 h
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is defining f (0) as [AIEEE 2007]
true; Statement II is not a correct ∴ f ′ ( 1− ) ≠ f ′ ( 1+ ) (a) 2 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 1
explanation of Statement I Hence, f is not differentiable at x = 1. Ans. (d)
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false Again, 1 2
(0 + h − 1) sin
1
Ans. (d) − sin 1 Now, lim − 2 x
f′ (0) = lim
0 + h − 1 x→ 0 x e − 1
f (x) = x | x | and g (x) = sin x h→ 0 −h
e2 x − 1 − 2 x
− sin x2 , x < 0 = lim
gof (x) = sin (x | x |) = 1 × −1 x→ 0 x (e2 x − 1)
(h − 1) cos
sin x2 , x ≥ 0 h − 1 (h − 1)2
2 e2 x − 2
= lim
− 2x cos x2 , x < 0 1 2x
− 1) + 2 xe2 x
x→ 0 (e
∴ (gof) ′ (x) = + sin
h− 1
2x cos x2 , x ≥ 0 = lim [using L’Hospital rule]
h→ 0 −1
Clearly, L ( gof) ′ (0) = 0 = R ( gof) ′ (0) 4 e2 x
[using L’ Hospital rule] = lim =1
x → 0 4 e2 x + 4xe2 x
So, gof is differentiable at x = 0 and also
= cos 1 − sin 1 and f′ (0 + ) [using L’Hospital rule]
its derivative is continuous at x = 0.
1 So, f (x) is continuous at x = 0, then
Now, (0 + h − 1) sin − sin 1
0 + h − 1 lim f (x) = f (0) ⇒ 1 = f(0)
− 2 cos x + 4x sin x , x < 0
2 2 2
= lim x→ 0
( gof) ′ ′ (x) = h→ 0 h
2 cos x2 − 4x2 sin x2 , x ≥ 0 x
1 −1
134 The set of points, where f (x) =
(h − 1) cos + sin
1
1+|x|
∴ L ( gof) ′ ′ (0) = − 2 and R ( gof) ′′ (0) = 2 h − 1 (h − 1) 2 h − 1
= lim is differentiable, is [AIEEE 2006]
∴ L ( gof) ′′ (0) ≠ R ( gof) ′′ (0) h→ 0 1
[using L’Hospital rule] (a) (− ∞, − 1) ∪ (− 1, ∞) (b) (− ∞, ∞)
Hence, gof (x) is not twice differentiable (c) (0, ∞) (d) (− ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
at x = 0. = cos 1 − sin 1
Ans. (b)
Therefore, Statement I is true, ⇒ f ′ (0 − ) = f ′ (0 + ) x
Statement II is false. Since, f (x) =
Hence, f is differentiable at x = 0. 1 + |x |
(x − 1) sin 1 , if x ≠ 1 f (x) =
g (x)
=
x
132 Let f : R → R be a function defined Let
131 Let f (x) = x −1 h(x) 1 + | x |
0, if x = 1 by f (x) = min {x + 1,| x | + 1}. Then, It is clear that g (x) = x and h(x) = 1 + | x |
which one of the following is true? are differentiable on (− ∞, ∞) and
Then, which one of the following is [AIEEE 2007] (− ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞), respectively. Thus,f (x) is
true? [AIEEE 2008]
(a) f (x ) ≥ 1 for all x ∈ R differentiable on (− ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞).
(a) f is differentiable at x = 1 but not at (b) f (x ) is not differentiable at x = 1 Now, we have to check the
x =0 differentiability at x = 0.
(c) f (x ) is differentiable everywhere x
−0
(b) f is neither differentiable at x = 0 nor f (x) − f (0) 1 + |x |
at x = 1 (d) f (x ) is not differentiable at x = 0 ∴ lim = lim
Ans. (c) x→ 0 x −0 x→ 0 x
(c) f is differentiable at x = 0 and at x = 1 1
f (x) = min { x + 1, | x | + 1} = lim =1
(d) f is differentiable at x = 0 but not at x→ 0 1 + |x |
f (x) = x + 1, ∀x ∈ R
x=1 Hence,f (x) is differentiable on (− ∞, ∞).
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 169
1 − tan x π π
135 If f (x) is differentiable at x = 1 and 138 Let f (x) = , x ≠ , x ∈ 0, ⋅ If Therefore, f (x) is continuous for all x.
4 x − π 4 2 Differentiability at x = 0,
1
lim f (1 + h) = 5, then f ′ (1) is equal to π
f (x) is continuous in 0, , then − −
1 1
h→ 0 h
(−h) e h h − 0
2 Lf ′ (0) = lim
(a) 6 (b) 5 [AIEEE 2005] π (−h) − 0
f is equal to
h→ 0
(c) 4 (d) 3 4 [AIEEE 2004] = lim e 0 = 1
Ans. (b) h→ 0
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) –1/2 (d) –1
− +
1 1
f (1 + h) − f (1)
f ′ (1) = lim Ans. (c) he h h
−0
h→ 0 h 1 − tan x Rf ′ (0) = lim
f (1 + h) f (1) Q f (x) = h→ 0 h−0
= lim − lim 4x − π 1
h→ 0 h h → 0 h 1 − tan x = lim =0
f (1 + h) f (1) ∴ lim f (x) = lim e2 / h
h→ 0
Since, lim = 5, so lim must x→ π/4 x → π / 4 4x − π
h→ 0 h h→ 0 h ⇒ Rf ′ (0) ≠ Lf ′ (0)
f (1) − sec2 x Therefore, f (x ) is not differentiable at
be finite asf′ (1) exists and lim can be = lim
h→ 0 h x→ π/4 4 x = 0.
f (1)
finite only, iff(1) = 0 and lim = 0. [using L’Hospital rule]
h→ 0 h
− sec2 ( π /4) 2
140 Let f (2) = 4 and f ′ (2) = 4. Then,
f (1 + h) = =−
∴ f ′ (1) = lim =5 4 4 xf (2) − 2f (x)
h→ 0 h lim is given by
⇒ lim f (x) = −
1 x→ 2 x −2
x→ π/4 2
136 Let f be differentiable for all x. If [AIEEE 2002]
f (1) = − 2 and f ′ (x) ≥ 2 for x ∈[,1 6], Also, f (x) is continuous in [0, π/2], so f (x) (a) 2 (b) –2 (c) – 4 (d) 3
π
then [AIEEE 2005] will be continuous at ⋅ Ans. (c)
4
(a) f(6) = 5 (b) f(6) < 5 π xf (2) − 2f (x)
∴ f = lim f (x) = −
1
Now, lim
(c) f(6) < 8 (d) f(6) ≥ 8 4 x→ π/4 2 x→2 x −2
Ans. (d) xf (2) − 2f (2) + 2f (2) − 2f (x)
− 1 + 1 = lim
Given that,f(1) = − 2 and f ′ (x) ≥ 2 x −2
139 If f (x) = xe | x | x , x ≠ 0, then
x→2
dy
⇒ ≥ 2 ⇒ d y ≥ 2dx f (2)(x − 2) − 2 {f (x) − f (2)}
dx 0, x = 0 = lim
f (6 ) 6
x→2 x −2
⇒ ∫f (1) dy ≥ 2 ∫ dx
1
f (x) is [AIEEE 2003]
= f (2) − 2 lim
f (x) − f (2)
⇒ [y]ff ((61)) ≥ 2 [x] 61 (a) continuous as well as differentiable x→2 x −2
for all x
⇒ f (6) − f (1) ≥ 10 f (x) − f (a)
⇒ f (6) ≥ 10 + f (1) (b) continuous for all x but not Qf ′ (x) = xlim
→ x − a
differentiable at x = 0 a
⇒ f(6) ≥ 8 [Qf (1) = − 2] = f (2) − 2f ′ (2) = 4 − 2 × 4 = − 4
f (6) − f (1) (c) Neither differentiable nor continuous
Alternate Solution, ≥2 at x = 0
6−1
⇒ f (6) − f (1) ≥ 10 (d) discontinuous everywhere TOPIC 4
⇒ f(6) + 2 ≥ 10 ⇒ f(6) ≥ 8 Ans. (b)
Continuity at x = 0,
Method of Differentiability
137 If f is a real-valued differentiable LHL = lim f (x) d 2y
function satisfying x → 0−
141 If y 1/ 4 + y − 1/ 4 = 2x, and (x 2 − 1)
1 1
dx 2
| f (x) − f ( y)| ≤ (x − y) 2 ; x, y ∈R and − + dy
= lim (0 − h) e | − h | (− h )
+ αx + βy = 0then | α − β | is equal
f (0) = 0, then f (1) is equal to h→ 0 dx
− −
[AIEEE 2005] 1 1
h h
to [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) –1 = lim (−h) e = lim (−h) = 0
h→ 0 h→ 0 Ans. (17)
Ans. (c) 1
−
1
RHL = lim f (x)
Q |f (x) − f ( y)| ≤ (x − y)2 x→ 0+
Given, y4 + y 4 = 2x
1 1
|f (x) − f ( y)| − +
∴ lim ≤ lim | x − y | |h | h ⇒ (y 1/ 4 + y −1/ 4 )2 = (2x)2
= lim (0 + h) e
x→ y |x − y | x→ y h→ 0 ⇒ (y 1/ 4 + y −1/ 4 )2 = 4x2
− +
1 1
⇒ |f ′ ( y)| ≤ 0 ⇒ f ′ ( y) = 0 h h h Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
= lim he = lim =0
⇒ f ( y) = Constant ⇒ f ( y) = 0 h→ 0 h→ 0 e2 / h 1 −
1
1 y 4 − y 4 dy = 2
[Qf (0) = 0, given] ⇒ lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (0) 4y dx
x → 0− x→ 0+
⇒ f(1) = 0
170 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
1 −
1
143 Let (1 + 22 x ) (2x log 2) − 2x (22 x log 2⋅2)
⇒ y 4 − y 4 dy = 8y …(i) f ′ (x) = 2⋅
dx 1 − x (1 + 22 x )2
f (x) = cos2 tan −1 sin cot −1 ,
1
−
1 x f′ (1) = 2
5⋅2log 2 − 2⋅ 8log 2
Now, y 4 − y 4 52
0 < x < 1 . Then, [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I] 12
1 −
2 = − log 2
1
(a) (1 − x)2 f ′ (x) − 2(f (x))2 = 0 25
= y4 + y 4 −4
(b) (1 + x)2 f ′ (x) + 2(f (x))2 = 0 −b
= log e2
(c) (1 − x)2 f ′ (x) + 2(f (x))2 = 0 a
1 1
−
⇒ y4 − y 4 = 2 x2 − 1 …(ii) (d) (1 + x)2 f ′ (x) − 2f (x))2 = 0 ⇒ a = 25 and b = 12
Ans. (c) ∴ | a2 − b2 |min = | 252 − 122 | = 481
dy
⇒ ( x − 1) 2
= 4y 1− x 3
f (x) = cos 2 tan−1 sin cot−1
6 4
dx 145 If y = Σ k cos −1 cos kx − sin kx,
[using Eqs. (i) and (ii)] x k =1 5 5
Squaring on both sides, 1− x dy
2 cot−1 = sin−1 x then at x = 0 is … .
dy x dx
(x2 − 1) = 16y2
dx ∴ f (x) = cos (2 tan−1 sin sin−1 x ) [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x or f (x) = cos (2 tan−1 x ) Ans. (91.00)
2 2 x
dy d2 y dy dy = cos tan−1 Given,
(x2 − 1) ⋅ 2⋅ + 2x = 32y 1− x 6
dx dx2 dx 3 cos(kx) − 4 sin(kx)
∑ k cos
dx −1
1− x y=
2dy f (x) = cos cos−1 k =1 5 5
On dividing by , we get 1+ x
dx 3 4
1− x Let = cos θ and = sinθ
d2 y dy f (x) = 5 5
(x2 − 1) 2 + x = 16y 1+ x 3 4
dx dx − ( 1 + x) − ( 1 − x) −2 So, cos(kx) − sin(kx) = cos(kx + θ)
f ' (x) = = 5 5
d2 y dy ( 1 + x)2 ( 1 + x)2 4
or (x2 − 1 ) +x − 16y = 0 where, tanθ =
dx2 dx 1− x
2
f ' (x)( 1 − x)2 = −2
3
6 6
1+ x
∑ k cos ∑ (k x + kθ)
Comparing with −1
∴y = cos(kx + θ) = 2
d2 y dy 1− x
2
k =1 k =1
(x2 − 1 ) 2 + αx + βy = 0 (1 − x)2 f ' (x) + 2[f (x)]2 = − 2
dx dx 6 × 7 × 13 6 × 7
1+ x = x + θ
α = 1, β = − 16 2 6 2
1− x
∴ α − β = 1 + 16 = 17 + 2 =0 ⇒ y = 91x + 21θ
1+ x dy
142 If y = y (x) is an implicit function of x ∴ = 91
−1 1 − 2
2x dx x =0
If =
such that log e (x + y) = 4xy, then 144 f (x ) sin
cos 1 + 2 2x and its
2
d y Hence, answer is 91.00.
at x = 0 is equal to π π
dx 2 first derivative with respect to x is 146 If y 2 + log e (cos 2 x) = y, x ∈ − , ,
b 2 2
[2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I] − log e 2 when x = 1, where a and b
Ans. (40) a then [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
are integers, then the minimum (a) y′′ (0) = 0 (b) | y′ (0)| + | y′′ (0)| = 1
We have, In (x + y) = 4xy
⇒ x+ y = e 4 xy value of | a 2 − b 2 | is ……… . (c) | y′′ (0)| = 2 (d) | y′ (0) | + | y′′ (0)| = 3
[2021, 17 March Shift-I] Ans. (c)
dy dy
⇒ 1+ = 4x + 4y e 4 xy Ans. (481)
dx dx Given equation, y2 + log e (cos2 x) = y,
1 − 22 x π π
If x = 0, then y = 1 f (x) = sin cos− 1 x∈ − , … (i)
2x
dy 1 + 2 2 2
At (0, 1), =3
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dx Let 22x be tan2 θ.
d2 y dy
2
2yy ′ − 2 tan x = y ′ … (ii)
= e 4 xy 4x + 4y 1 − tan2 θ
2 dx ∴ f (x) = sin cos− 1 2
Again, on differentiating w.r.t x, we get
dx 1 + tan θ
2(y ′)2 + 2yy ′ ′ − 2 sec2 x = y ′ ′
d 2
y 4dy dy
+ e 4 xy 4x 2 + + 4 = sin[cos− 1 (cos2θ)] = sin2θ ⇒ 2(y ′)2 + 2yy ′ ′ = 2 sec2 x + y ′ ′ … (iii)
dx dx dx
2 tanθ 2⋅2x From Eq. (i), at x = 0 ⇒y = 0 or 1
At x = 0, = =
1 + tan θ 1 + 22 x
2
Now, from Eq. (ii)
d2 y
= 16 + 24 = 40 2x at x = 0, y = 0 ⇒y′ = 0,
dx2 f (x) = 2⋅
2x or at x = 0, y = 1 ⇒y′ = 0
1+ 2
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 171
Now, from Eq. (iii) 2x 1 – x2 Ans. (c)
And, let β = tan–1
at x = 0, y = 0 and y′ = 0 y′ ′ = −2 1 –2x2 It is given that x k + y k = a k ,(a, k > 0)
So, at x = 0, y = 1 and y′ = 0 ⇒y′ ′ = 2 Put x = sinφ On differentiating both sides w.r.t. ‘x’, we
dy
⇒ y′ ′ (0) = 2 ∴ | y′ ′ (0)| = 2 2 sin φ cos φ –1 sin2 φ get kx k − 1 + ky k − 1 =0
∴ β = tan–1 = tan
Hence, option (c) is correct. 1 –2 sin2 φ cos2 φ k −1dx
dy x
= tan–1 (tan2φ) ⇒ + = 0, [as, k ≠ 0] …(i)
147 If dx y
⇒ β = 2φ = 2 sin–1 x 1/ 3
(a + 2b cos x) (a − 2bcos y) = a 2 − b 2 , dy y
dα 1 1 Since, + = 0 (given) …(ii)
π π dx x
where a > b > 0, the at , is
dx dα dx 2 1 + x2 1 – x2
∴ = = =
dy 4 4 dβ dβ 1 4(1 + x2 )
On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2 1 2
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I] dx 1–x 2 k− 1= − ⇒ k=
a −b a+b 2a + b a − 2b 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
a+b a −b 2a − b a + 2b 1– tanα + cotα
dα 4 3 1
∴ = = 151 If y(α) = 2 +
,
Ans. (b) dβ x = 1/ 2 4 1 + 1 10
1 + tan α sin α
2 2
It is given 4
(a + 2b cos x)(a − 2b cos y) = a2 − b2 3π dy 5π
α ∈ , π , then at α = is
where a > b > 0, 149 Let f : R → R be defined as 4 dα 6
On differentiating w.r.t. ‘y’, we get
5 1 [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
dx x sin + 5x 2 , x < 0 1 4
(a − 2b cos y) 0 + 2b (− sin x) x (a) − (b) (c) −4 (d) 4
dy 4 3
f (x) = 0, x =0
+ (a + 2b cos x)(0 − 2b (− sin y)) = 0 x 5 cos 1 + λx 2 , x > 0 Ans. (d)
dx x It is given that
⇒ (a − 2b cos y) − 2b (sin x)
dy [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I] tanα + cotα 1
y(α) = 2 + ,
1 + tan α sin α
2 2
+ 2b (sin y)(a + 2 b cos x) = 0 Ans. (5.00)
π π 3π
At , , we get Given function, α ∈ , π
4 4 x 5 sin 1 + 5x2 , x < 0 4
dx x tan2 α + 1
(a − b) −b + b (a + b) = 0 ⇒y(α) = 2 cotα +
1
f (x) = 0 , x =0 2
dy 5 1 + tan α sin2
α
1 + λx2 , x > 0
dx a + b x cos
⇒ = x = 2 cotα + cosec2α
dy a − b
⇒
Hence, option (b) is correct. 5 x 4 sin 1 − x 3 cos 1 + 10 x, x < 0 = 2 cotα + 1 + cot2 α
1 + x 2 − 1 x x = (1 + cotα)2 = |1 + cotα |
−1
f ′ ( x) =
148 The derivative of tan
5 x 4 cos + x 3 sin 1 + 2λx, x > 0
1
3π
x x x Qcotα ∈ (−∞, − 1), for α ∈ , π
4
2x 1 − x 2 ⇒ ∴y(α) = − (1 + cotα) [Q| x | = − x, for x < 0]
with respect to tan −1 20 x 3 sin 1 − 5 x 2 cos 1 ∴
dy
= − (0 − cosec2α) = cosec2α
1 − 2x 2
x
x
x<0
dα
1 − 3 x 2 cos 1 + x sin 1 + 10, dy 5π
at x = is So, = cosec2
x x dα α = 5 π 6
2 [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] f ′ ′ ( x) =
20 x cos + 5 x sin
3 1 2 1 6
2 3 3 π π
(a) (b) x x
x>0 = cosec2 π − = cosec2 = (2)2 = 4
5 12 1 1 6 6
+ 3 x sin − x cos + 2λ,
2
2 3 3 x
(c) (d) x 152 Let y = y (x) be a function of x
3 10 QIt is given thatf′ ′ (0) exists.
Ans. (d) So, f ′ ′ (0 + ) = f ′ ′ (0 − ) satisfying y 1 − x 2 = k − x 1 − y 2
1 + x2 – 1 ⇒ 2λ = 10 ⇒ λ = 5 where k is a constant and
Let α = tan–1 . Put x = tanθ
y = − . Then at x = , is
x 1 1 dy 1
150 Let x k + y k = a k , (a, k > 0) and 2 4 dx 2
secθ – 1
–1 –1 1 –cosθ
∴ α = tan = tan
1
equal to
tanθ sinθ dy y 3
+ = 0, then k is 5 5
2 sin θ /2 dx x
2
= tan–1 (a) (b) −
2 2
2 sinθ /2 cos θ /2 [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] 2 5
θ 1 4 3 2 1 (c) (d) −
= tan–1 (tanθ /2) = = tan–1 x (a) (b) (c) (d) 5 4
2 2 3 2 3 3 [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
172 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (b) (x + 1)2 x2 + 1 + 2x − 1 − x2 d2 y (−1 − 1)(2 + 1) − (0 − 0)(−0 + 0)
= −1= ∴ =
Given functional relation is 1+ x 2
1+ x 2
dx2 θ =π
2(−1 − 1) 3
2x
y 1 − x2 = k − x 1 − y2 ⇒ f (x) = …(i) for | x | > 1 −2 × 3 3
1 + x2 = =
−2 × 8 8
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we dy 1 d
get and, also given that = (sin−1 (f (x))) 3 cos x + sin x
2
−2yx
dx 2 dx
155 If 2y = cot −1 ,
+ 1 − x2
dy
⇒ 2y = sin−1 (f (x)) + C cos x − 3 sin x
2 1− x 2 dx
(on integrating both sides)
π
x ∈ 0, then is equal to
2xy
dy dy
2x
=0 + dx − 1 − y2 ⇒ 2y = sin−1 + C, for | x | > 1 2 dx
2
2 1− y 2 1+ x [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
π π π π
dy xy 2 tan x, −1
|x |≤ 1 (a) − x (b) x − (c) − x (d) 2x −
⇒ 1− x −
2
2x 6 6 3 3
dx 1 − y2 Q sin−1 = π − 2 tan−1
x, x> 1
1 + x2 Ans. (b)
− π − 2 tan−1 x x < 1
yx Given expression is
= − 1 − y2 π
1 − x 2
Q at x = 3; y = (given) 3 cos x + sin x
2
6 2y = cot−1
π cos x − 3 sin x
dy 1 − x 1 − y − xy ∴ 2 = π − 2 tan−1 ( 3) + C ⇒ C = 0
2 2
⇒ 6 2
dx
1− y 2
Then at x = − 3 3 cot x + 1
= cot−1
cot x − 3
xy − 1 − x2 1 − y2 2y = − π − 2 tan−1 (− 3)
= 2π π
=−π+ =− [dividing each term of numerator and
1 − x2
3 3 denominator by sin x]
π
1 − y2 ⇒ y=− 2
⇒
dy
=− 6 cot π cot x + 1
dx 1 − x2 −1
= cot 6 Qcot π = 3
Hence, option (b) is correct.
π
cot x − cot 6
1 1
Q y = − (given) 6
2 4 154 If x = 2 sinθ − sin2θ and 2
π
2 y = 2cosθ − cos2θ, θ∈ [0, 2π], then = cot−1 cot − x
1 − − 16 − 1
1 6
dy 4 d 2y
∴ =− =− 16 at θ = π is cot A cot B + 1
dx x = 1 1
2 4− 1 dx 2 [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II] Qcot(A − B) = cot B − cot A
2 1− 4 3 3 2
2 (a) − (b) π , π
4 4 − x 0 < x <
15 5 6 6
=− =− 3 3 =
2 3 2 (c) − (d)
π+ π
2
π π
8 2 − x , < x<
6 6 2
153 Let f (x) = (sin(tan −1 x) Ans. (*)
π + θ, − π < θ < 0
It is given that x = 2 sinθ − sin2θ Qcot−1 (cotθ) = θ,
+ sin(cot −1 x)) 2 − 1, | x| > 1. If 0 < θ< π
and y = 2 cosθ − cos2θ, θ∈ [0, 2 π]
dy 1 d
= (sin −1 (f (x))) θ − π, π < θ < 2 π
dx 2 dx dy π 2
π
π ∴
dy dθ −2 sinθ + 2 sin2θ
= = − x , 0 < x <
and y( 3) = , then y(− 3) is equal 6 6
dx dx 2 cosθ − 2 cos2θ ⇒ 2y =
6 2
7 π − x , π < x < π
dθ
to [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] 6 6 2
sin2θ − sinθ
5π π 2π π =
(a) (b) − (c) (d) cosθ − cos2θ 2 − x (−1), 0 < x < π
π
6 6 3 3 dy 6 6
Ans. (b) d2 y d dy d dy dθ ⇒2 =
∴ = = × dx 2 7 π − x (−1), π < x < π
dx2 dx dx dθ dx dx
It is given that 6 6 2
f (x) = (sin(tan−1 x) + sin(cot−1 x))2 − 1 d sin2θ − sinθ 1
2 = × x − π, 0< x< π
dθ cosθ − cos2θ dx dy
x ⇒ = 6 6
sin sin−1 dθ dx x − 7 π , π < x < π
1+ x
2
= −1 (cosθ − cos2θ)(2 cos2θ − cosθ) 6 6 2
1 − (sin2θ − sinθ)(− sinθ + 2 sin2 θ)
+ sin sin−1 =
1+ x2 (cosθ − cos2θ)2
156 If f (1) = 1, f ′ (1) = 3, then the derivative
2
1 of f (f (f (x))) + (f (x)) 2 at x = 1 is
1 ×
= −1
x
+ (2 cos θ − 2 cos2 θ) [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
1 + x2 1 + x2
(a) 12 (b) 9 (c) 15 (d) 33
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 173
π
= tan−1 tan x −
Ans. (d) Given equation is
4
Let y = f (f (f (x))) + (f (x))2 e y + xy = e …(i)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we tan A − tan B
get Q 1 + tan A tan B = tan (A − B)
get
dy dy dy
= f ′ (f (f (x))) ⋅f ′ (f (x)) ⋅f ′ (x) + 2f (x)f ′ (x) ey + x + y =0 …(ii) π
dx Since, it is given that x ∈ 0, , so
[by chain rule]
dx dx 2
dy y π π π
So,
dy
= f ′ (f (f (1))) ⋅ f ′ (f (1)) ⋅ f ′ (1) + 2f (1) f ′ (1) ⇒ =− y …(iii) x − ∈ − ,
dx at x = 1 dx e + x 4 4 4
π π π
∴
dy
= f ′ (f (1)) ⋅f ′ (1) ⋅ (3) + 2(1)(3)
Again differentiating Eq. (ii) w.r.t. ‘x’, we Also, for x − ∈ − , ,
dx x = 1 get 4 4 4
2
π π
[Qf(1) = 1 and f′ (1) = 3]
ey
d2 y dy
+ ey + x 2
d2 y Then, f (x) = tan−1 tan x − = x −
= f ′ (1) ⋅ (3) ⋅ (3) + 6 = (3 × 9) + 6 dx 2 dx dx 4 4
= 27 + 6 = 33 dy dy −1 π π
+ + = 0 …(iv) Qtan tanθ = θ, for θ ∈ − 2 , 2
dx dx
157 Let f (x) = log e (sin x), (0< x < π) and Now, on putting x = 0 in Eq. (i), we get
x
Now, derivative off (x) w.r.t. is
2
g (x) = sin − 1 (e − x ), (x ≥ 0). If α is a ey = e1 ⇒ y = 1 d (f (x)) df (x) d π
positive real number such that =2 =2× x − =2
On putting x = 0, y = 1 in Eq. (iii), we get d (x /2) d (x) dx 4
a = (fog) ′ (α) and b = (fog)(α), then dy
=−
1
=−
1
[2019, 10 April Shift-II] dx e+0 e 160 If x = 3 tant and y = 3 sect, then the
(a) aα 2 − bα − a = 0 Now, on putting x = 0, y = 1 and = −
dy 1
(b) aα 2 − bα − a = 1
d 2y π
dx e value of 2 at t = , is
(c) aα 2 + bα − a = − 2α 2 in Eq. (iv), we get dx 4
(d) aα 2 + bα + a = 0 d2 y
2
d2 y
e 1 2 + e 1 − + 0 2
1 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
Ans. (b) dx e dx 1 1 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 6 2 3 2 2 2
Given functions,f (x) = log e (sin x), + − + − = 0
1 1
(0 < x < π) and g (x) = sin− 1 (e − x ), x ≥ 0. e e Ans. (b)
Now, fog (x) = f (g (x)) = f (sin− 1 (e − x )) d y2
1 We have, x = 3 tan t and y = 3 sec t
⇒ =
= log e (sin(sin− 1 (e − x ))) dx2 e2 dy d
(0 , 1) (3 sect)
= log e (e − x ) {Qsin(sin− 1 x) = x, if Clearly,
dy dt
= = dt
dy d2 y
x ∈ [− 1, 1]} , 2 at (0, 1) is − , 2 .
1 1 dx dx d
So, (3 tant)
=−x …(i) dx dx e e dt dt
d
and (fog) ′ (x) = (− x) = − 1 …(ii) 3 sec t tant tant
dx = = = sint
159 The derivative of 3 sec2 t sec t
According to the question, sin x − cos x d2 y d dy d dy dt
Q a = (fog) ′ (α) = − 1 tan −1 , with respect and = = ⋅
[from Eq. (ii)] sin x + cos x dx2
dx dx dt dx dx
π d dy
to , where x ∈ 0, is
and b = (fog) (α) = − (α) [from Eq. (i)] x d
(sin t)
for a positive real value ‘α’. 2 dt dx dt
2 = =
Since, the value ofa = − 1 and b = − α, dx d
[2019, 12 April Shift-II] (3 tan t)
satisfy the quadratic equation (from the dt dt
2 1
given options) (a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 2 cos t cos3 t
3 2 = =
aα2 − bα − a = 1. 3 sec2 t 3
Ans. (d) π
cos3
158 If e + xy = e, the ordered pair
y 2
d y π 4 1
sin x − cos x Now, 2 at t = = =
Let f (x) = tan−1 dx 4 3 3(2 2)
dy d 2 y sin x + cos x
, at x = 0 is equal to =
1
dx dx 2 tan x − 1
= tan−1 6 2
[2019, 12 April Shift-I] tan x + 1 161 If x log e (log e x) − x 2 + y 2 = 4(y > 0),
1 1 1 1 [dividing numerator and dy
(a) , − 2 (b) − , 2 then at x = e is equal to
e e e e π
denominator by cosx > 0, x ∈ 0, dx
1 1 1 1 2 [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
(c) , 2 (d) − , − 2
e e e e π e (2e − 1)
tan x − tan (a) (b)
−1
Ans. (b) = tan 4 4 + e2 2 4 + e2
1 + tan π (tan x)
(1 + 2e ) (1 + 2e )
Key Idea Differentiating the given 4 (c) (d)
equation twice w.r.t. ‘x’. 4 + e2 2 4 + e2
174 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (b) x log e 2 x + log e 2
(a) d 2x
We have, x log e (log e x) − x2 + y2 = 4, x 165 is equal to
which can be written as x log e 2 x − log e 2 dy 2 [AIEEE 2011]
(b) −1
y2 = 4 + x2 − x log e (log e x) … (i) x d2 y dy
−3
d2 y dy
−2
(c) x log e 2 x (a) − 2 (b) 2
Now, differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we
dx dx dx dx
get (d) log e 2 x
−3 −1
dy
2y = 2x − x
1 1
. − 1⋅log e (log e x) Ans. (b) d2 y dy d2 y
(c) − 2 (d) 2
dx log e x x
Given equation is dx dx dx
[by using product rule of derivative] (2x)2 y = 4⋅ e2 x − 2 y ... (i) Ans. (c)
1
2x − − log e (log e x) On applying ‘log e ’ both sides, we get −1
dy log e x dx dy
⇒ = … (ii) Here, =
dx 2y log e (2x)2 y = log e 4 + log e e2 x − 2 y dy dx
Now, at x = e, y2 = 4 + e2 − e log e (log e e) 2y log e (2x) = log e (2)2 + (2x − 2y) On differentiating both sides w.r.t. y, we
[using Eq. (i)] get
[Qlog e nm = mlog e n and log e ef (x ) = f (x)] −2
= 4 + e2 − e log e (1) = 4 + e2 − 0 d2 x dy d dy
⇒ (2log e (2x) + 2) y = 2x + 2log e (2) =− ⋅
= e2 + 4 dy 2 dx dy dx
⇒ y = e2 + 4 [Qy > 0] x + log e 2 −2
⇒ y= dy d dy dx
1 + log e (2x) =− ⋅ ⋅
∴ At x = e and y = e + 4, 2
dx dy dx dx
dy 2e − 1 − 0 2e − 1 On differentiating ‘y’ w.r.t. ‘x’, we get −2
= = dy d dy dx
2 =− ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
dx 2 e2 + 4 2 e2 + 4 (1 + log e (2x)) 1 − (x + log e 2) dx dx dx dy
dy 2x
= −2 −1
[using Eq. (ii)] dx (1 + log e (2x))2 dy d2 y dy
=− ⋅ ⋅
162 Let f : R → R be a function such that 1 dx dx2 dx
1 + log e (2x) − 1 − log e 2 −3
f (x) = x + x f ′ (1) + xf ′ ′ (2) + f ′′′ (3), x ∈R
3 2 = x dy d2 y
(1 + log e (2x))2 = − ⋅ 2
. Then, f (2) equals dx dx
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] So,
(a) 30 (b) − 4 (c) − 2 (d) 8 dy x log e (2x) − log e 2
(1 + log e (2x)) 2 = 166 Let y be an implicit function of x
dx x
Ans. (c) defined by x 2x − 2x x cot y − 1 = 0.
We have,f (x) = x 3+ x2f ′ (1) + xf ′ ′ (2) + f ′ ′ ′ (3) dy Then, y′ (1) is equal to [AIEEE 2009]
⇒ f ′ (x) = 3x2 + 2xf ′ (1) + f ′ ′ (2) … (i) 164 If y = sec (tan − 1 x), then at x = 1 is (a) − 1 (b) 1
dx
⇒ f ′′(x) = 6x + 2f ′ (1) … (ii) (c) log 2 (d) − log 2
equal to [JEE Main 2013]
⇒ f ′′′(x) = 6 … (iii) 1 1
⇒ f ′′′(3) = 6 (a) (b) Ans. (a)
2 2
Putting x = 1 in Eq. (i), we get (c) 1 (d) 2 x2 x − 2x x cot y − 1 = 0 …(i)
f ′ (1) = 3 + 2f ′ (1) + f ′ ′ (2) … (iv) Ans. (a) Now, x=1
and putting x = 2 in Eq. (ii), we get Given, y = sec (tan− 1 x) ∴ 1 − 2 cot y − 1 = 0
π
f ′ ′ (2) = 12 + 2f ′ (1) …(v) ⇒ cot y = 0 ⇒ y =
2
2
From Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get x On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
1+
f ′ (1) = 3 + 2f ′ (1) + (12 + 2f ′ (1)) √ x dy
2x2 x (1 + log x) − 2 [x x (− cosec2 y)
⇒ 3f′ (1) = − 15 dx
θ + cot y x x (1 + log x)] = 0
⇒ f′ (1) = − 5
1 π
⇒ f′ ′ (2) = 12 + 2 (− 5) = 2 At 1, ,
2
[using Eq. (v)]
Let tan− 1 x = θ
∴ f (x) = x 3 + x2f ′ (1) + xf ′ ′ (2) + f ′ ′ ′ (3) dy
⇒ x = tanθ 2 (1 + log 1) − 2 1 (− 1) + 0 = 0
⇒ f (x) = x 3 − 5x2 + 2x + 6 dx π
1,
∴ y = sec θ = 1 + x2 2
⇒ f(2) = 23 − 5(2)2 + 2(2) + 6
= 8 − 20 + 4 + 6 = − 2 dy
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get ⇒ 2+ 2 =0
dy 1 dx 1, π
= ⋅2x 2
163 For x > 1, if (2x) 2y = 4e 2x − 2y , then dx 2 1 + x2
dy
dy ∴ = −1
(1 + log e 2x) 2 is equal to At x = 1,
dy
=
1 dx 1, π
dx dx 2 2
[2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 175
167 The normal to the curve Ans. (c) n(x + 1 + x2 ) n
y + e y + ...∞
=
x = a (cos θ + θ sin θ), Given that, x=e 1 + x2
y = a (sin θ − θ cos θ) at any point θ is ∴ x=e y+x 2
such that dy
[AIEEE 2005]
Taking log on both sides, we get ⇒ (1 + x2 ) = n2 y2 [from Eq. (i)]
(a) it is at a constant distance from the dx
log x = ( y + x)
origin. Again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
aπ dy d2 y dy
2
(b) it passes through , − a . 1 dy dy 1 − x (1 + x2 ) ⋅ 2 ⋅ + 2x = n2 2y
dy
2 = +1 ⇒ =
x dx dx x dx dx2 dx dx
π
(c) it makes angle − θ with the d2 y dy
2 169 If f (x) = x n , then the value of ⇒ (1 + x ) 2 + x =n y 2 2
X-axis. dx dx
(d) it passes through the origin. f ′ (1) f ′ ′ (1) f ′ ′ ′ (1)
f (1) − + − +... + dy
Ans. (a) 1! 2! 3! 171 If sin y = x sin (a + y), then is
Given that, x = a (cos θ + θ sin θ) (−1) f (1)
n n dx
is equal to [AIEEE 2002]
and y = a (sin θ − θ cos θ) n! [AIEEE 2003] 2
sin a sin (a + y)
On differentiating w.r.t.θ respectively, (a) 2 n (b) 2 n − 1 (a) (b)
we get (c) 0 (d) 1 sin2 (a + y) sin a
dx sin2 (a − y)
= a (− sin θ + sin θ + θ cos θ) Ans. (c)
dθ (c) sin a sin2 (a + y) (d)
f (x) = x n ⇒ f(1) = 1 sin a
dx
⇒ = aθ cos θ …(i) f ′ (x) = nx n − 1 ⇒ f ′ (1) = n Ans. (b)
dθ
dy f ′ ′ (x) = n(n − 1) x n − 2 ⇒ f ′ ′ (1) = n(n − 1) Q sin y = x sin (a + y)
and = a (cos θ − cos θ + θ sin θ) … … … … … … …
dθ sin y
… … … … … … … ⇒ x=
dy f n (x) = n(n − 1)(n − 2) ... 2⋅ 1 sin (a + y)
⇒ = aθ sin θ …(ii)
dθ
⇒ f n (1) = n(n − 1)(n − 2) ... 2⋅ 1 On differentiating w.r.t. y, we get
On dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get dx sin (a + y) cos y − sin y cos (a + y)
f ′ (1) f ′ ′ (1) f ′ ′ ′ (1) =
dy Now, f (1) − + − + ... dy sin2 (a + y)
= tanθ 1! 2! 3!
dx dx sin a
(−1) n f n (1) ⇒ =
Since, slope of normal + dy sin2 (a + y)
n!
dx n n(n − 1) n(n − 1)(n − 2) dy sin2 (a + y)
=− = − cotθ = 1− + − ⇒ =
dy 1! 2! 3! dx sin a
So, equation of normal is (−1) n n(n − 1)(n − 2) ... 2 ⋅ 1
+ ... + dy
y − a sin θ + aθ cos θ n! 172 If x y = e x − y , then is equal to
cos θ dx
=− (x − a cosθ − a θ sin θ) [Q(1 − x) n = 1 − nC 1x + nC2 x2
sin θ [AIEEE 2002]
− nC 3 x 3 + ... + (− 1) n nC n ]
⇒ y sin θ − a sin2 θ + aθ cos θ sin θ 1+ x 1 − log x
= ( 1 − 1) = 0
n
(a) (b)
= − x cos θ + a cos2 θ + aθ sin θ cos θ 1 + log x 1 + log x
⇒x cos θ + y sin θ = a 170 If y = (x + 1 + x 2 ) n , then (c) not defined (d)
log x
So, it is always at a constant distance a d 2y dy (1 + log x )2
(1 + x 2 ) 2 + x is equal to Ans. (d)
from origin. dx dx
Since, xy = ex − y
y + e y + ... ∞ dy [AIEEE 2002]
168 If x = e , x > 0, then is (a) n2 y (b) − n2 y (c) − y (d) 2 x2 y
Taking log on both sides, we get
dx y log x = (x − y) log e e
equal to [AIEEE 2004] Ans. (a)
x
x 1 Q y = (x + 1 + x2 ) n …(i) ⇒ y=
(a) (b) 1 + log x
1+ x x On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1− x 1+ x
(c) (d) 2 x dy (1 + log x ) − x ⋅ 1 / x log x
= n(x + 1 + x2 ) n − 1 ⋅ 1 +
dy
x x = =
dx 2 1 + x2 dx (1 + log x )2 (1 + log x )2
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176 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
09
Applications of
Derivatives
TOPIC 1 Ans. (c) where t is time in min.
dV
Rate of Change of Quantity, The average speed of the car, for time It is given, the = − 50 cm3 /min,
interval [t 1 , t 2 ] is dt
Approximation and Errors f (t 2 ) − f (t 1 ) a (t 22 − t 12 ) + b (t 2 − t 1 ) Now when x is 5 cm, then
= dx
t2 − t1 t2 − t1 − 50 = 4 π(10 + 5) 2 [from Eq. (i)]
01 If the surface area of a cube is dt
d (f (t)) dx 50 1
increasing at a rate of 3.6 cm2 /sec, = ⇒ =− =− cm / min
dt dt 4 π(225) 18π
retaining its shape; then the rate of ∴ 2at + b = a (t 2 + t 1 ) + b Negative sign indicates the thickness of
change of its volume (in cm 3 /sec), t + t2 ice layer decreases with time. Hence,
⇒ t= 1
when the length of a side of the 2 option (d) is correct.
cube is 10 cm, is ∴The average speed of the car over the
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II] time interval [t 1 , t 2 ] is attained at the 04 A spherical iron ball of radius 10 cm
(a) 18 (b) 10 (c) 9 (d) 20 t + t2 is coated with a layer of ice of
point 1 .
Ans. (c) 2 uniform thickness that melts at a
Since, surface area of cube, A = 6a 2 cm 2 . rate of 50 cm3 /min. When the
dA 03 A spherical iron ball of 10 cm radius thickness of the ice is 5 cm, then
It is given, = 36
. cm 2 /sec
dt is coated with a layer of ice of the rate at which the thickness
da uniform thickness that melts at a (in cm/min) of the ice decreases, is
⇒ 12a = 36. cm 2 /sec …(i)
dt rate of 50 cm 3 /min. When the [2019, 10 April Shift-II]
Now, as volume of cube,v = a 3 cm 3 thickness of ice is 5 cm, then the rate 1 1
(a) (b)
dv da 36
. (in cm/ min.) at which of the 9π 18 π
∴ = 3a 2 = 3a 2 [from Eq. (i)]
dt dt 12a thickness of ice decreases, is 1 5
(c) (d)
dv
So, at a = 10 cm, = 0.9 × 10 = 9 cm 3 /sec
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I] 36 π 6π
dt 5 1
(a) (b) Ans. (b)
Hence option (c) is correct. 6π 54π
1 1 Let the thickness of layer of ice is x cm,
(c) (d) the volume of spherical ball (only ice
02 The position of a moving car at 36π 18π
layer) is
time t is given by f (t) = at 2 + bt + c, Ans. (d) 4
V = π[(10 + x) 3 − 10 3 ] …(i)
t > 0, where a, b and c are real It is given that, a spherical iron ball of 3
numbers greater than 1. Then, 10 cm radius is coated with a layer of ice On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. ‘t’, we get
average speed of the car over the of uniform thickness, let the thickness is
dV 4 dx
‘x’ cm, then volume of the ball is = π(3(10 + x) 2 ) = − 50 [given]
time interval [t 1 , t 2 ] is attained at the 4 dt 3 dt
point [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
V = π(10 + x) 3
3 [− ve sign indicate that volume is
(a) (t2 − t1 ) / 2 (b) a (t2 − t1 ) + b On differentiating w.r.t. ‘t’, we get decreasing as time passes].
(c) (t1 + t2 ) / 2 (d) 2a (t1 + t2 ) + b dV dx
= 4 π(10 + x) 2 , … (i) dx
⇒ 4 π(10 + x) 2 = − 50
dt dt dt
Applications of Derivatives 177
At x = 5 cm dV Ans. (b)
dx = − 72 π m3 /min
[4 π (10 + 5) 2 ] = − 50 dt Let lizard catch the insectC.
dt
∴ Amount of volume lost in 49 min And distance covered by insect = S
dx 50
⇒ =− = 72 π × 49 m3 S
dt 225(4 π) Time taken by insect,t = …(i)
∴ Final volume at the end of 49 min 20
1 1
=− =− cm/min = (4500 π − 3528 π) m3 Distance covered by lizard = 21 + S
9(2 π) 18 π 1
= 972 π m3 ∴ 21 + S = (2) ⋅ t 2 …(ii)
So, the thickness of the ice decreases at 2
If r is the radius at the end of 49 min, then 1
1 [QS = ut + at 2 ; here u = 0,a = 2cm/s 2
the rate of cm/min. 4 3
18π πr = 972 π 2
3 and S = 20 t]
04 A spherical balloon is filled with ⇒ r 3 = 729 ⇒ r = 9 ⇒ 21 + 20 t = t 2 [from Eq. (i)]
4500π cu m of helium gas. If a leak in ∴ Radius of the balloon at the end of ⇒ t 2 − 20 t − 21 = 0
49 min = 9m ⇒ t − 21t + t − 21 = 0
2
the balloon causes the gas to escape
at the rate of 72π cu m / min, then Hence, from Eq. (i), we get ⇒ t (t − 21) + 1 (t − 21) = 0
the rate (in m/min) at which the dr dV /dt
= ⇒ (t + 1)(t − 21) = 0
radius of the balloon decreases dt 4 πr 2 ⇒ t = −1, 21
49 min after the leakage began is dr (dV /dt) t = 49 ∴ t = 21 s [Qneglectingt = −1]
⇒ =
[AIEEE 2012] dt t = 49 4 π (r 2 ) t = 49
9 7 08 A point on the parabola y 2 = 18x at
(a) (b) 72 π 2
7 9 = = m / min which the ordinate increases at
2 9 4 π(92 ) 9
(c) (d) twice the rate of the abscissa, is
9 2 06 A spherical iron ball 10 cm in radius [AIEEE 2004]
Ans. (c)
is coated with a layer of ice of (a) (2, 4) (b) (2, – 4)
uniform thickness that melts at a
(c) − , 9 9
9 9
(d) ,
Given rate of 50 cm 3 /min. When the 8 2 8 2
(i) Volume (V = 4500 π m3 /min) of the thickness of ice is 15 cm, then the
helium gas filled in a spherical Ans. (d)
rate at which the thickness of ice
balloon. Equation of parabola is y 2 = 18x.
decreases, is [AIEEE 2005]
(ii) Due to a leak, the gas escapes the On differentiating w.r.t.t, we get
5 1
balloon at the rate of 72 π m3 /min. (a) cm/min (b) cm/min dy dx
6π 54π 2y = 18
∴ Rate of decrease of volume of the dt dt
1 1
balloon is (c) cm/min (d) cm/min dy dx
dV 18π 36π ⇒ 2⋅2y = 18 Q = 2 ,given
= − 72 π m3 /min dt dt
dt Ans. (c)
9
dV ⇒ y=
To find The rate of decrease of the Given that, = 50 cm3 /min 2
radius of the balloon 49 min after the dt
From equation of parabola,
leakage started. d 4 3
∴ πr = 50 9
2
81 9
dr dt 3 = 18x ⇒ = 18x ⇒ x =
i.e., at t = 49 min 2 4 8
dt dr 50 × 3
⇒ 3r 2 = 9 9
[assuming that the leakage started at dt 4π Hence, required point is , .
dr 50 8 2
time t = 0] ⇒ =
dt 4 πr 2
Now, the balloon is spherical in shape,
dr 50 1
TOPIC 2
hence the volume of the balloon is ⇒ = = cm/min
4
V = πr 3 ⋅ dt r = 15 4 π × 225 18π Increasing and Decreasing
3 Functions, Rolle’s Theorem,
On differentiating both sides w.r.t.t, we 07 A lizard, at an initial distance of Mean Value Theorem
get
21 cm behind an insect, moves
dV 4 2 dr
= π 3r × from rest with an acceleration of 2 09 The function f (x) = x 3 − 6x 2 + ax + b
dt 3 dt
cm/s 2 and pursues the insect
dr dV /dt is such that f (2) = f (4) = 0. Consider
⇒ = …(i) which is crawling uniformly along a
dt 4 πr 2 two statements.
straight line at a speed of 20 cm/s.
dr Then, the lizard will catch the (S 1 ) there exists
Now, to find at t = 49 min, we require
dt insect after [AIEEE 2005]
x 1 , x 2 ∈ (2, 4), x 1 < x 2 , such that
dV
and the radius (r) at that stage,
f ′ (x 1 ) = −1and f ′ (x 2 ) = 0. (S2 ) there
(a) 24 s (b) 21 s
dt (c) 1 s (d) 20 s exists x 3 , x 4 ∈ (2, 4) , x 3 < x 4 , such
178 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
that f is decreasing in (2, x 4 ), implies thath(x) cuts the X-axis at one ⇒ f ′ (c 1 ) − 1 = 0
increasing in (x 4 , 4) and point and which further impliesf (x) ⇒ f ′ (c 1 ) = 1
changes its sign only at one point. Let’s also there exist c 2 ∈(1, 2) such that
2f ′ (x ) = 3f (x ). Then, say at x = α
3 4
h′ (c 2 ) = 0
[2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II]
f (x) = e 4 x + 2e 3 x − e x − 6 ⇒ f ′ (c 2 ) = 1
(a) both (S 1 ) and (S 2 ) are true When, x → − ∞; f (x) → − 6 Now, using Rolle’s theorem on [c 1 , c 2 ] for
(b) (S 1 ) is false and (S 2 ) is true x → + ∞; f (x) → + ∞ f ′ (x)
(c) both (S 1 ) and (S 2 ) are false We havef ′ ′ (c) = 0, c ∈(c 1 , c 2 )
(d) (S 1 ) is true and (S 2 ) is false f(x) Hence,f ′ ′ (x) = 0 for some x ∈(0, 2).
Ans. (a)
13 Let
f (x) = x 3 − 6x 2 + ax + b f (x) = 3 sin 4 x + 10 sin3 x + 6 sin2 x − 3
f(2) = 0 ⇒ 2a + b = 16 π π
x ∈ − , . Then, f is
Q
y=–6
and f(4) = 0 ⇒ 4a + b = 32 6 2
On solvinga = 8, b = 0 [2021, 25 July Shift-I]
π π
∴ f (x) = x 3 − 6x 2 + 8x = x (x − 2) (x − 4) So, f (x) cuts the X-axis at a single point. (a) increasing in − ,
6 2
π
11 If R is the least value of a such that (b) decreasing in 0,
the function f (x) = x 2 + ax + 1 is 2
O π
2 4 increasing on (c) increasing in − , 0
6
[1, 2] and S is the greatest value of
π
a such that the function (d) decreasing in − , 0
6
f (x) = x 2 + ax + 1 is decreasing on [1,
f ′ (x) = 3x 2 − 12x + 8
2
2], then the value of | R − S| is Ans. (d)
f ′ (x) = 0 ⇒x = 2 ± [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] f (x) = 3 sin4 x + 10 sin3 x + 6 sin2 x − 3
3
Ans. (2) ⇒ f ′(x)
Q f ′ (x 2 ) = 0 and x 2 ∈(2, 4) = cos x (12 sin3 x + 30 sin2 x + 12 sin x)
2 f (x) = x 2 + ax + 1
⇒ x2 = 2 + and f ′ (x 1 ) = − 1 f ′ (x) = 2x + a ⇒f ′(x) = 6 sin x cos x (2 sin2 x + 5 sin x + 2)
3
According to the question,f ′ (x) ≥ 0 for ⇒f ′(x) = 3 sin2x (2 sin x + 1)(sin x + 2)
⇒ 3x 12 − 12x 1 + 8 = 0
x ∈[1,2] f ′ (x) = 0
⇒ x 1 = 1, 3 (S 1 is true)
For the least value2x + a ≥ 0 sin2 x = 0 or 2 sinx + 1 = 0 [∴sin x ≠ − 2]
Now, 2(3x 2 − 12x + 8) π
2 2 2
⇒ a ≥ −2x ⇒ a ≥ −2 ⇒ R = − 2 ⇒ x = 0 or x = nπ + (−1) n −
= 3 2 + − 2 For the greatest value2x + a ≤ 0 6
3 3 3 −π π
⇒ a ≤ −2x {x ∈[1, 2]} As, x ∈ ,
8 4 6 2
⇒ x = , (S 2 is true) ⇒ a≤ −4
3 3 −π
⇒ S = −4 x = 0,
6
10 The number of real roots of the | R − S | = |− 2 + 4 | = 2 + – +
equation e 4 x + 2 e3 x − e x − 6 = 0 is –p 0 p/2
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
12 Let f be any continuous function on 6
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 0
[0, 2] and twice differentiable on So, f (x) is increasing in the interval
(0, 2). Iff (0) = 0 , f(1) = 1 and f (2) = 2, π
x ∈ 0,
Ans. (c)
then [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] 2
f (x) = e 4 x + 2e 3 x − e x − 6
(a) f ′′(x) = 0 for all x ∈(0, 2) And f (x) is decreasing in the interval
f ′ (x) = 4e 4 x + 6e 3 x − e x
(b) f ′′(x) = 0 for some x ∈(0, 2) π
= e x (4e 3 x + 6e 2 x − 1 ) x ∈ − , 0
(c) f ′ (x) = 0 for some x ∈[0, 2] 6
Let g (x) = e x
(d) f ′′(x) > 0 for all x ∈(0, 2) 14 Let f : R → R be defined as
h(x) = 4e 3 x + 6e 2 x − 1
g (x) > 0, ∀ x ∈ R Ans. (b) − 4 x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x , x > 0
h′(x) = 12e 3 x + 12e 2 x = 12e 2 x (e x + 1 ) f(0) = 0,f(1) = 1 and f(2) = 2 f (x) = 3 .
h′(x) > 0, ∀ x ∈ R Let h(x) = f (x) − x 3xe x , x≤0
h(x) is an increasing function. Clearly h(x) is continuous and twice Then, f is increasing function in
differentiable on (0, 2)
Minimum value ofh(x) will be when the interval [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
x → − ∞ at [h(x)] min = − 1 and [h(x)] max = ∞ Also, h(0) = h(1) = h(2) = 0
1
∴ h(x) satisfies all the condition of Rolle’s (a) − , 2 (b) (0, 2)
f ′ (x) = g (x) ⋅h(x) 2
theorem.
Now, h(x) is an increasing function and 3
h(x) varies from − 1 to + ∞. So, this ∴ There existC 1 ∈(0, 1) such that h′ (c 1 ) = 0 (c) −1, (d) (−3, − 1)
2
Applications of Derivatives 179
Ans. (c) But domain of f (x) is x ∈ (− ∞, − 1) ∪ (1, ∞) From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
a = 5, b = 8
−4 x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x , x > 0 So, f ′ (x) > 0 at x ∈ (− ∞, − 1) ∪ , 1 ∪ (1, ∞)
1
f (x) = 3 2 ∴ (a, b) = (5, 8)
3xe x ,x ≤ 0 1
or x ∈ (− ∞, − 1) ∪ , ∞ − { 1} 18 Let f :R → R be defined as
−4x + 4x + 3 , x > 0 2
2
f ′(x) =
3e (x + 1)
x
,x ≤ 0 − 55 x, if x< − 5
− + − ,x > 0 16 Let a be an integer, such that all f (x) = 2x3 − 3 x2 − 120 x, if − 5≤ x ≤ 4
(2x 1) (2x 3)
f ′(x) = the real roots of the polynomial 2x3 − 3 x2 − 36 x − 336, if x>4
3e (x + 1) ,x ≤ 0
x
2x 5 + 5x 4 + 10x 3 + 10x 2 + 10x + 10 lie Let A = {x ∈R:f is increasing}. Then,
f′(x)<0 f′(x)>0 f′(x)>0 f′(x)<0 in the interval (a, a + 1). Then, |a| is
A is equal to [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
–1 1/2 0 3/2 equal to ______.
(a) (− ∞, − 5) ∪ (4, ∞) (b) (− 5, ∞)
[2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
3 (c) (− ∞, − 5) ∪ (− 4, ∞) (d) (− 5, − 4) ∪ (4, ∞)
f ′(x) > 0 ⇒ x ∈ −1, Ans. (2)
2 Ans. (d)
Let
15 Let f be a real valued function, f (x) = 2x 5 + 5x 4 + 10 x 3 + 10 x 2 + 10 x + 10 Given,
− 55x , x< − 5
defined on R − {−1, 1} and given by Using hit and trial method,
f (x) = 2x 3 − 3x 2 − 120 x , − 5≤ x < 4
x − 1 2 f(−2) = − 34 < 0 and f(−1) = 3 > 0
f (x) = 3log e − . 2x 3 − 3x 2 − 36x + 10 , x≥4
Hence,f (x) has a root in (−2, − 1).
x + 1 x − 1 Again, − 55 , x< − 5
Then, in which of the following f ′ (x) = 10 x 4 + 20 x 3 + 30 x 2 + 20 x + 10
∴ f ′ (x) = 6(x 2 − x − 20) , − 5≤ x < 4
6(x 2 − x − 6)
intervals, function f (x) is = 10 x 2 x 2 + 2x + 3 + + 2
2 1 , x≥4
increasing? [2021, 16 March Shift-II] x x
− 55 , x< − 5
1
= 10 x 2 x 2 + 2 + 2 x + + 3
1 1
(a) (−∞, − 1) ∪ , ∞ − {1} f ′ (x) = 6(x − 5) (x + 4) , − 5≤ x < 4
2 x x
6(x − 3) (x + 2)
, x≥4
(b) (−∞, ∞) − { −1, 1} 2
1
= 10 x 2 x + + 1 + 2 x +
1
1 x x For f to be increasing,f ′ (x) > 0.
(c) −1,
2 Now, f ′ (x) = − 55 is always less than zero.
2
= 10 x 2 x + + 1 > 0, ∀x
1 f ′ (x) = 6(x − 5) (x + 4) < 0, − 5 ≤ x < 4
1
(d) −∞, − [−1] x
2 Critical points = 5, − 4
⇒f (x) is strictly increasing function,
Ans. (a) –∞
+ – +
+∞
since degree off (x) is odd.
x−1 2 ∴It has exactly on real root.
–4 5
Given, f (x) = 3log e −
x+1 x−1 –5 4
Therefore, f (x) has atleast one root in
(−2, − 1) = (a, a + 1) x ∈ (−5,−4) …(i)
⇒
3 (x + 1) ⋅ 1 − (x − 1) ⋅ 1 2 ⇒ |a | = |−2| = 2 and f ′ (x) = 6(x − 3) (x + 2) < 0, x ≥ 4
f ′ (x) = ⋅ +
x − 1 (x + 1) 2 (x − 1) 2 Critical point, = 3, − 2
x + 1 17 If Rolle's theorem holds for the + – +
–∞ +∞
x + 1 2 2 function f (x) = x 3 − ax 2 + bx + 4, –2 3
⇒ f ′ (x) = 3 +
x ∈[,1 2] with f ′ = 0, then ordered
2 4
x − 1 (x + 1) (x − 1)
2
4
3 x ∈ (4, ∞)
2 3 1 … (ii)
⇒ f ′ (x) = + pair (a, b) is equal to From Eqs. (i) and (ii),f (x) is increasing in
x − 1 x + 1 x − 1
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] x ∈ (− 5, − 4) ∪ (4, ∞).
2 3x − 3 + x + 1
⇒ f ′ (x) =
(a) (5, 8) (b) (–5, 8)
x − 1 ( x − 1) (x + 1) (c) (5, –8) (d) (–5, –8) 19 The function
2⋅2⋅ (2x − 1) 4x3 − 3 x2
⇒ f ′ (x) = Ans. (a) f (x) = − 2 sin x + (2x − 1) cos x
(x − 1) 2 (x + 1) Given,f (x) = x 3 − ax 2 + bx + 4, x ∈[12
,]
6
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
4(2x − 1) Here, f (1) = f (2)
So, f ′ (x) = 1
(x − 1) 2 (x + 1) ,∞
2
⇒ 1 − a + b − 4 = 8 − 4a + 2b − 4 (a) increases in
Now, ⇒ 3a − b = 7 … (i)
+ – + +
Also, f ′ (x) = 3x 2 − 2ax + b 1
,∞
2
–1 1/2 1
(b) decreases in
According to the question,f′ = 0
4
For f (x) to be an increasing function, 3 1
(c) increases in − ∞,
f ′ (x) > 0. 2 2
3 × − 2a + b = 0
4 4
1 ⇒
And f ′ (x) > 0 at x ∈ (− ∞, − 1] ∪ , ∞ 3 3 1
2 (d) decreases in − ∞,
⇒ − 8a + 3b = − 16 … (ii) 2
180 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (a) ∴
g (x)
f ′ (x) = <0 f(0) − (−3)
⇒ ≤2
Given, x2 7
4x 3 − 3x 2 ⇒f (x) is decreasing function for ⇒ f(0) ≤ 11 …(ii)
f (x) = − 2 sin x + (2x − 1) cos x x ∈ (0, ∞).
6 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
12x 2 − 6x ∴The given functionf (x) is decreasing f (−1) + f (0) ≤ 20
f ′ (x) = − 2 cos x + (2x − 1) function for (−1, ∞).
6 ∴f (−1) + f (0) lies in the interval (−∞, 20].
Hence, option (d) is correct.
(− sin x) + cos x (2)
= (2x 2 − x) − 2 cos x − 2x sin x 23 The value of c in the Lagrange’s
21 The function, f (x) = (3x − 7) x 2 /3 , mean value theorem for the
+ sin x + 2 cos x
= 2x 2 − x − 2x sin x + sin x x∈R, is increasing for all x lying in function f (x) = x 3 − 4x 2 + 8x + 11,
= 2x (x − sin x) − 1(x − sin x)
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I] when x ∈[0, 1] is [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
14 7 −2
f ′ (x) = (2x − 1) (x − sin x) (a) (− ∞, 0) ∪ , ∞ 2
15 (a) (b)
for x > 0 3 3
3
x − sin x > 0 (b) (− ∞, 0) ∪ , ∞ 4− 5 4− 7
7 (c) (d)
x < 0, x − sin x < 0 3 3
14
for x ∈ (−∞,0] ∪ , ∞ , f ′≥ 0
1 (c) − ∞, Ans. (d)
2 15
Given functionf (x) = x 3 − 4x 2 + 8x + 11,
14
for x ∈ 0, , f ′ (x) ≤ 0
1 (d) − ∞, − ∪ (0, ∞) when x ∈[0, 1] is a continuous function in
2 15 interval x ∈[0, 1] and differentiable in
1 Ans. (a) intervalx ∈(0, 1), so according to
,∞ .
2
Hence, f (x) increases in Lagrange’s mean value theorem for
Since, the given function
x = c ∈(0, 1)
f (x) = (3x − 7) x 2 / 3 is increasing for x ∈R
20 Let f : (− 1, ∞) → R be defined by f (1) − f (0)
∴ f ′ (x) ≥ 0 f ′ (c) =
1 1−0
2
f (0) = 1 and f (x) = log e (1 + x), x ≠ 0. ⇒ x −1 / 3 (3x − 7) + x 2 / 3 (3) ≥ 0, x ≠0 (1 − 4 + 8 + 11) − 11
x 3 ⇒(3x − 8x + 8) x = c =
2
2(3x − 7) + 9x 1−0
Then the function f ⇒ ≥ 0, x ≠0
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II] x1/3 ⇒ 3 c 2 − 8c + 8 = 5
(a) decreases in (− 1,0) and increases in 15x − 14 ⇒ 3 c 2 − 8c + 3 = 0
≥ 0 ⇒x∈ (− ∞, 0) ∪ , ∞
14
⇒
(0, ∞) x1/3 15 8 − 64 − 36 4 − 7
(b) increases in (−1, ∞) ⇒ c= = [Qc ∈(0, 1)]
Q (− ∞, 0) ∪ , ∞ ⊂ (− ∞, 0) ∪ , ∞
14 14 6 3
(c) increases in (− 1, 0) and decreases in 15 15
(0, ∞) 24 If c is a point at which Rolle’s
Hence, option (a) is correct.
(d) decreases in (− 1, ∞)
theorem holds for the function,
Ans. (d) 22 Let the function, f : [−7, 0] → R be x2 + α
1 log (1 + x), x ≠ 0 f (x) = log e in the interval
Given functionf (x) = x e
continuous on [−7, 0] and 7x
1, x =0
differentiable on (−7, 0). If f (−7) = − 3
for x ∈ (−1, ∞) [3, 4], where α ∈R, then f ′ ′ (c) is
Now, f ′ (x) =
1
−
log e (1 + x)
, and f ′ (x) ≤ 2, for all x ∈ (−7, 0), then equal to [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I]
x (1 + x) x2 for all such functions f, f (−1) + f (0)
1 1 1 3
x − (1 + x) log e (1 + x) lies in the interval (a) − (b) − (c) (d)
for x ∈ (−1, ∞) − {0 } = 24 12 12 7
x 2 (1 + x) [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
Let another function (a) (−∞, 11] (b) [−3, 11] Ans. (c)
g (x) = x − (1 + x) log e (1 + x) (c) [−6, 20] (d) (−∞, 20] x2 + α
The given functionf (x) = log e
Q g ′ (x) = 1 − 1 − log e (1 + x) = − log e (1 + x) Ans. (d) 7x
Since, for x ∈ (−1, 0), g ′ (x) > 0, So g (x) is If function f : [−7, 0] → R be continuous holds the Rolle’s theorem for the interval
increasing function for x ∈ (−1,0) but as on [−7, 0] and differentiable on (−7, 0), [3, 4], so
g (x) < g (0), ∀ x ∈ (−1,0) then according to LMVT, we have f (3) = f (4)
∴ g (x) < 0, ∀ x ∈ (−1,0) f (−1) − f (−7) 9 + α 16 + α
= f ′ (x) ≤ 2 , ⇒ log e = log e
g (x) (−1) − (−7) 21 28
∴ f ′ (x) = 2 < 0 9 + α 16 + α
x ∀ x ∈ (−7, − 1) ⇒ =
f(−1) − (−3) 3 4
⇒f (x) is decreasing function for ⇒ ≤2
6 ⇒ 36 + 4α = 48 + 3α
x ∈ (−1,0).
⇒ f(−1) ≤ 9 …(i) ⇒ α = 12 …(i)
Similarly, for x ∈ (0, ∞), g ′ (x) < 0, so g (x) is
decreasing function for x ∈ (0, ∞). f (0) − f (−7) and f ′ (c) = 0, for some c ∈(3, 4)
Similarly, = f ′ (x) ≤ 2 , 7x
g (x) < g (0) 0 − (−7) 7 x (2x + 0) − (x 2 + α) 7
So, ⇒ 2 × =0
⇒ g (x) < 0, ∀ x ∈ (0, ∞) ∀ x ∈ (−7, 0) x +α (7 x) 2 x = c
Applications of Derivatives 181
c (2c) − (c 2 + 12) 26 Let S be the set of all functions 28 Let f : [0, 2] → R be a twice
⇒ =0
(c 2 + 12) c f : [0, 1] → R, which are continuous differentiable function such that
⇒ c 2 − 12 = 0 Qc ∈(3, 4) on [0, 1] and differentiable on (0, 1). f ′ ′ (x) > 0, for all x ∈(0,2). If
⇒ c = 12 Qc ∈(3, 4) Then for every f in S, there exists φ(x) = f (x) + f (2 − x) , then φ is
∴ f ′ ′ (c = 12) ac ∈(0, 1), depending on f, such that [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
c (c 2 + 12)(2c) − (c 2 − 12)(3c 2 + 12)
= [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
(a) increasing on (0, 1) and decreasing on
((c 2 + 12) c) 2 f (1) − f (c)
(2 × 12 × 24) − (0 × 48) 1 (a) = f ′ (c) (1, 2)
= = 1 −c (b) decreasing on (0, 2)
(24) 2 (12) 12
(b) | f (c) − f (1) | < | f ′ (c) | (c) decreasing on (0, 1) and increasing on
Hence, option (c) is correct.
(c) | f (c) + f (1) | < (1 + c) | f ′ (c) | (1, 2)
(d) | f (c) − f (1) | < (1 − c) | (f ′ (c) | (d) increasing on (0, 2)
25 Let f (x) = x cos −1 (− sin| x |), Ans. (c)
Ans. (*)
π π
x ∈ − , , then which of the Since, the functionsf : [0, 1] → R which Given, φ(x) = f (x) + f (2 − x), ∀ x ∈ (0, 2)
2 2
are continuous on [0, 1] and ⇒ φ′ (x) = f ′ (x) − f ′ (2 − x) …(i)
following is true? differentiable on (0, 1). Also, we havef ′ ′ (x) > 0 ∀ x ∈ (0, 2)
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] If f is a constant function then options
π ⇒ f ′ (x) is a strictly increasing function
(a) f′ is decreasing in − , 0 and (b), (c) and (d) are incorrect.
2 ∀ x ∈ (0, 2).
According to LMVT, for c ′ ∈(C, 1)
π Now, for φ(x) to be increasing,
increasing in 0, f ′ (c ′) =
f (1) − f (c)
2 φ′ (x) ≥ 0
1− c
π
(b) f′ is increasing in − , 0 and but c ′ ≠ c, so option (a) is also incorrect.
⇒ f ′ (x) − f ′ (2 − x) ≥ 0 [using Eq. (i)]
2 ⇒ f ′ (x) ≥ f ′ (2 − x) ⇒ x > 2 − x
π [Qf′ is a strictly increasing
decreasing in 0, 27 Let f be any function continuous on
2 function]
[a, b] and twice differentiable on
(c) f is not differentiable at x = 0 ⇒ 2x > 2 ⇒ x > 1
π (a, b). If for all x ∈ (a, b), f ′ (x) > 0 and
(d) f′ (0) = − Thus, φ(x) is increasing on (1, 2).
2 f ′′ (x) < 0, then for any
f (c) − f (a) Similarly, for φ(x) to be decreasing,
Ans. (a) c ∈ (a, b), is greater than φ′ (x) ≤ 0
f (b) − f (c)
Given function ⇒ f ′ (x) − f ′ (2 − x) ≤ 0 [using Eq. (i)]
π π [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
f (x) = x cos−1 (− sin| x |), x ∈ − , b−c c −a b+a ⇒ f ′ (x) ≤ f ′ (2 − x)
2 2 (a) (b) 1 (c) (d)
−1 c −a b−c b −a ⇒ x<2− x
= x ( π − cos (sin| x |))
{Qcos−1 (− x) = π − cos−1 x} Ans. (c) [Qf′ is a strictly increasing function]
π It is given that a functionf is continuous ⇒ 2x < 2 ⇒ x < 1
= x π − − sin−1 sin| x |
2 on [a, b] and twice differentiable on (a, b), Thus, φ(x) is decreasing on (0, 1).
Qcos−1 x = π − sin−1 x such that for all x ∈(a, b), f ′ (x) > 0 and
f ′′(x) < 0. Now, by LMVT for c ∈(a, b), there 29 Let f (x) = e x − x and g (x) = x 2 − x,
2
π is α ∈(a, c), such that
=x + | x| {Qsin−1 sin x = x} f (c) − f (a) ∀ x ∈R. Then, the set of all x ∈R,
2 f ′ (α) =
c −a
… (i) where the function h(x) = (fog) (x) is
π π
x − x , x ∈ − , 0 and there isβ ∈(c, b), such that increasing, is [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
2 2
= f (b) − f (c)
π π f ′ (β) = … (ii) 1 −1 1
x + x , x ∈ 0, (a) 0, ∪ [1, ∞) (b) −1, ∪ ,∞
2 2 b−c 2 2 2
π π Qf ′′(x) < 0 ∀x ∈ (a, b), thenf ′ (x) is a −1
− 2x, x ∈ − , 0 (c) [0, ∞) (d) , 0 ∪ [1, ∞)
2 2 decreasing function, so 2
So, f ′ (x) = f ′ (β) < f ′ (α) [Qα < β]
π π
+ 2x, x ∈ 0, Ans. (a)
2 2 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), on putting the
The given functions are
π values of f′ (α) and f′ (β), we get
−2, x ∈ − , 0 f (b) − f (c) f (c) − f (a) f (x) = e x − x and g (x) = x 2 − x, ∀ x ∈ R
2 <
⇒f ′ ′ (x) = Then, h(x) = (fog)(x) = f (g (x))
π b−c c −a
2, x ∈ 0, Now, h′ (x) = f ′ (g (x)) ⋅ g ′ (x)
2 f (c) − f (a) c − a
⇒ > = (e g (x ) − 1) ⋅ (2x − 1)
π f (b) − f (c) b − c
∴f′is decreasing in − , 0 and increasing
= (e (x − x ) − 1) (2x − 1)
2
2
π [Qf ′ (x) > 0, so f (x) is an increasing
in 0, . = (e x (x − 1 ) − 1) (2x − 1)
2 function ∀x ∈ (a, b) and a < c < b]
QIt is given thath(x) is an increasing
Hence, option (a) is correct. Hence, option (c) is correct. function, so h′ (x) ≥ 0
182 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ (e x (x − 1 ) − 1)(2x − 1) ≥ 0 x d−x Ans. (c)
31 Let f (x) = − ,
Case I (2x − 1) ≥ 0 and (e x (x − 1 ) − 1) ≥ 0 Let f (x) = x 7 + 14x 5 + 16x 3 + 30 x − 560
1
a +x
2 2
b + (d − x)
2 2
⇒ x ≥ and x (x − 1) ≥ 0 ∴ f ′ (x) = 7 x 6 + 70 x 4 + 48x 2 + 30 > 0,
2 x ∈R, where a, b and d are non-zero ∀ x ∈R
⇒x ∈ [1 /2, ∞) and x∈(− ∞, 0] ∪ [1, ∞), so real constants. Then, So, f (x) is increasing.
x∈ [1, ∞) [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
Hence,f (x) = 0 has only one solution.
Case II (2x − 1) ≤ 0 and [e x (x − 1 ) − 1] ≤ 0 (a) f is an increasing function of x
1 (b) f′ is not a continuous function of x 34 The function
⇒ x ≤ and x (x − 1) ≤ 0
2 (c) f is a decreasing function of x f (x) = tan −1 (sin x + cos x) is an
1 1 (d) f is neither increasing nor decreasing increasing function in [AIEEE 2007]
⇒ x ∈ −∞, and x ∈[0, 1] So, x ∈ 0,
2 2 function of x
π π π π
Ans. (a) (a) , (b) − ,
From, the above cases, x ∈ 0, ∪ [1, ∞). 4 2 2 4
1
2 We have, π π π
x (d − x) (c) 0, (d) − ,
f (x) = − 2 2 2
30 If m is the minimum value of k for (a 2 + x 2 ) 1 / 2 (b 2 + (d − x) 2 ) 1 / 2
which the function f (x) = x kx − x 2 Differentiating above w.r.t. x, we get
Ans. (b)
1 2x Since,f (x) = tan−1 (sin x + cos x)
is increasing in the interval [0, 3] (a 2 + x 2 ) 1 / 2 − x
2 (a 2 + x 2 ) 1 / 2 On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
and M is the maximum value of f in f ′ (x) = 1
the interval [0, 3] when k = m, then (a 2 + x 2 ) f ′ (x) = (cos x − sin x)
1 + (sin x + cos x) 2
the ordered pair (m, M) is equal to 2(d − x)(−1)
(b 2 + (d − x) 2 ) 1 /2 (−1) − (d − x) π π
2(b 2 + (d − x) 2 ) 1 /2 2 cos x ⋅ cos − sin x ⋅ sin
[2019, 12 April Shift-I] − 4 4
(b 2 + (d − x) 2 ) =
(a) (4, 3 2) (b) (4, 3 3) 1 + (sin x + cos x) 2
[by using quotient rule of derivative]
π
2 cos x +
(c) (3, 3 3) (d) (5, 3 6)
a 2 + x 2 − x 2 b 2 + (d − x) 2 − (d − x) 2
Ans. (b) = 2 + 4
(a + x 2 ) 3 / 2 (b 2 + (d − x) 2 ) 3 / 2 =
Given function, f (x) = x kx − x 2 … (i) 1 + (sin x + cos x) 2
a2 b2
the function f (x) is defined if = + 2 > 0, ∀ x ∈ R
(a + x )
2 2 3/2
(b + (d − x) 2 ) 3/2
kx − x 2 ≥ 0 For f (x) to be increasing,
Hence,f (x) is an increasing function of x. π π π 3π π
⇒ x 2 − kx ≤ 0 − <x+ < ⇒ − < x<
⇒ x ∈[0, k] … (ii) 2 4 2 4 4
32 f f and g are differentiable Hence, option (b) is correct, which lies in
because it is given thatf (x) is increasing
in interval x ∈[0, 3], so k should be positive. functions in (0,1) satisfying the above interval.
Now, on differentiating the functionf (x) f (0) = 2 = g (1),g (0) = 0 and f (1) = 6, then
w.r.t. x, we get for some c ∈] 0,1 [ [JEE Main 2014] 35 A function is matched below
x (a) 2 f′ (c) = g′ (c) (b) 2 f′ (c) = 3g′ (c) against an interval, where it is
f ′ (x) = kx − x 2 + × (k − 2x)
2 kx − x 2 (c) f′ (c) = g′ (c) (d) f′ (c) = 2 g′ (c) supposed to be increasing. Which
2(kx − x 2 ) + kx − 2x 2 3kx − 4x 2 Ans. (d) of the following pair is incorrectly
= = matched? [AIEEE 2005]
2 kx − x 2 2 kx − x 2 Here, f (0) = 2 = g (1), g (0) = 0 and f (1) = 6
Qf and g are differentiable in (1,0). Interval Function
as f (x) is increasing in interval x ∈[0, 3], so
Let h (x) = f (x) −2g (x) (a) (− ∞, −4) x3 + 6 x2 + 6
f ′ (x) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ (0, 3) 1
⇒ 3kx − 4x 2 ≥ 0 h (0) = f (0) − 2g (0) (b) − ∞, 3x 2 − 2 x + 1
3
⇒ 4x 2 − 3kx ≤ 0 h(0) = 2 − 0 = 2
(c) [2 , ∞) 2 x 3 − 3x 2 − 12 x + 6
3k Now, h (1) = f (1) − 2g (1) = 6 − 2 (2) (d) (− ∞, ∞) x 3 − 3x 2 + 3x + 3
⇒ 4x x − ≤ 0
4 h (1) = 2,h (0) = h (1) = 2
Ans. (b)
3k Hence, using Rolle's theorem,
⇒ x ∈ 0, (as k is positive) (a) Let f (x) = x 3 + 6x 2 + 6
4 There exists c ∈] 0, 1 [, such that
h′ ( c ) = 0 On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
3k
So, 3≤ ⇒ k≥4 f ′ (x) = 3x 2 + 12x = 3x (x + 4)
4 ⇒ f ′ (c) − 2g ′ (c) = 0, for some c ∈] 0, 1 [
⇒ f ′ (c) = 2g ′ (c) For f (x) to be increasing,
⇒ Minimum value of k = m = 4
f ′ (x) > 0
and the maximum value off in [0, 3] isf(3).
Qf is increasing function in interval 33 How many real solutions does the + – +
x ∈[0, 3] equation –4 0
QM = f (3) = 3 4 × 3 − 32 = 3 3 x 7 + 14x 5 + 16x 3 + 30x − 560 = 0
Therefore, ordered pair (m, M) = (4, 3 3) have? [AIEEE 2008] ⇒ x ∈ (−∞, − 4) ∪ (0, ∞)
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 1 (d) 3 (b) Let f (x) = 3x 2 − 2 x + 1
Hence, option (b) is correct.
Applications of Derivatives 183
∴ f ′ (x) = 6x − 2 (a)
4
(b)
16 From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
f ′ (x) > 0, ∀ x ∈ , ∞ b = 3, c = −9
1 5 5
⇒
3 8 12 ∴ f (x) = x 3 + 3x 2 − 9x − 5
(c) (d)
Since, this is wrong. 5 5 So, f(3) = 27 + 27 − 27 − 5 = 22
Hence, option (b) is the required answer. Ans. (c)
Area = 12 sq units
40 An angle of intersection of the
35 If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, then atleast one α β 1 x2 y2
curves, 2 + 2 = 1 and x 2 + y 2 = ab,
root of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ⇒ 5 6 1 = ± 24 a b
lies in the interval [AIEEE 2004]
3 2 1 a > b, is [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
(a) (0, 1) (b) (1, 2) a + b a −b
⇒ 4α − 2β − 8 = ± 24 (a) tan− 1 (b) tan− 1
(c) (2, 3) (d) (1, 3) ab 2 ab
Ans. (a) ⇒ 4α − 2β = 32, 4α − 2β + 16 = 0
a −b
⇒ 2α − β − 16 = 0,2α − β + 8 = 0 (c) tan− 1 (d) tan− 1 (2 ab )
Let f ′ (x) = ax 2 + bx + c ab
Distance from origin whenβ = 2α + 8 is
On integrating both sides, we get Ans. (c)
ax 3 bx 2 D = α 2 + (2α + 8) 2
f (x) = + + cx + d Given curves
3 2 = 5α 2 + 32α + 64
2ax + 3bx 2 + 6 cx + 6 d x2 y2
+ =1
3
⇒ f (x) = …(i)
⇒ D 2 = 5α 2 + 32α + 64 a2 b2
6
d and x 2 + y 2 = ab,
Since,f (x) is a polynomial function and is Now, (D 2 ) = 0 …(ii)
dα
continuous as well as differentiable in its From Eqs. (ii)
16
entire real set. ⇒ 10α + 32 = 0 ⇒ α = −
5 y 2 = ab − x 2
2a + 3b + 6 c + 6 d 6 d
⇒ f (1) = = =d 32 8 From Eq. (i),
6 6 ⇒ β=− + 8=
[Q2a + 3b + 6 c = 0, given] 5 5
b 2 x 2 + a 2 (ab − x 2 ) = a 2 b 2
6d 2 2
and f (0) = = d ∴ f (0) = f (1) −16
D = 8 8 8
6 ∴ + = 5= (b 2 − a 2 ) x 2 = a 2 b (b − a)
5 5 5 5
Hence, according to Rolle’s theorem, a 2b
Similarly, ifβ = 2α − 16 ⇒ x2 = ,
atleast one root of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 lies a+b
16
between 0 and 1. D=
a 2b ab 2
5 y 2 = ab − =
37 The function f (x) = cot −1 x + x So, least possible length of line segment a+b a+b
increases in the interval = 8/ 5 a 2b ab 2
Point of intersection ,
a+b a+b
[AIEEE 2002]
39 Let f (x) be a cubic polynomial with
(a) (1, ∞) (b) (−1, ∞)
f(1) = − 10, f (− 1) = 6, and has a local Now, differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we
(c) (− ∞, ∞) (d) (0, ∞)
minima at x = 1, and f ′ (x) has a local have
Ans. (c) dy b2 x
minima at x = − 1. Then f (3) is equal = − 2 = m1 (Let)
Since, f (x) = cot−1 x + x to [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
dx a y
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get and differentiating Eq. (ii) w.r.t. x,
Ans. (22) dy − x
1 x2 = = m2
f ′ (x) = − + 1= ≥0 Let f (x) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d
(Let)
1+ x 2
1 + x2 dx y
f ′ (x) = 3ax 2 + 2bx + c Let angle beθ.
Hence,f (x) is increasing function for all
x ∈ (− ∞, ∞). f ′ ′ (x) = 6ax + 2b Then,
f ′ (x) has local minima at x = − 1, so −b 2 x x
+
Q f′ ′ (−1) = 0 m1 − m2 a2 y y
TOPIC 3 ⇒ −6a + 2b = 0
tanθ =
1 + m1 m2
=
b2 x2
1+ 2 2
Tangent and Normal, ⇒ b = 3a …(i) a y
Maxima and Minima f (x) has local minima at x = 1
xy (a 2 − b 2 )
f′ (1) = 0 =
a 2b 2
⇒3a + 6a + c = 0
38 Let A be the set of all points (α, β)
⇒ c = −9a …(ii) a 3b 3 (a 2 − b 2 )
= ⋅
such that the area of triangle f(1) = − 10 (a + b) 2
a 2b 2
formed by the points ⇒ −5a + d = − 10 …(iii) a −b
(5, 6), (3, 2) and (α, β) is 12 sq units. f(−1) = 6 =
ab
Then, the least possible length of a ⇒ 11a + d = 6 …(iv)
line segment joining the origin to a a −b
Solving Eqs. (iii) and (iv) ⇒ θ = tan−1
point in A, is [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] ab
a = 1,d = − 5
184 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
x
41 A wire of length 20 m is to be cut 42 A box open from top is made from Then, side of square = and radius of
4
into two pieces. One of the pieces a rectangular sheet of dimension y
is to be made into a square and the a × b by cutting squares each of circle =
2π
other into a regular hexagon. Then, side x from each of the four Now, Sum of areas of square and circle,
the length of the side (in m) of the corners and folding up the flaps. If x2 y2
hexagon, so that the combined the volume of the box is maximum, A= +
16 4π
area of the square and the hexagon then x is equal to x 2
(36 − x) 2
⇒ A= + [Qy = 36 − x]
is minimum, is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
16 4π
5 10 a + b − a + b 2 − ab
2
(a) (b) For minimum area,
2+ 3 2+3 3 (a)
12 dA
=0
5 10 dx
(c) (d) a + b − a 2 + b 2 + ab
3+ 3 3+2 3 (b) dA 2x −2(36 − x)
6 Now, = + =0
Ans. (d) dx 16 4π
a + b − a 2 + b 2 − ab ⇒ x=
144
Let two pieces of wire one of length x (c)
and other of the length20 − x. 6 π+4
Wire of length x is made into a square. Circumference of circle = y
a + b + a 2 + b 2 − ab
x/4 (d) = (36 − x)
6 144 36 π
= 36 − =
Ans. (c) π+4 π+4
x/4 x/4
Length of box = a − 2x According to the question,
x/4 Breadth of box = b − 2x 36 π
k=
2 Height of box = x π+4
∴Area of square = = AS (let)
x
36 π
Volume of box, V = (a − 2x) (b − 2x) x ⇒ + 1 k = + 1
4 4
4 = 36
⇒ V = 4x 3 − 20 x 2 − 2bx 2 + abx π π π+4
Wire of length (20 − x) is made into a
DifferentiatingV w.r.t. x,
regular hexagon.
V (′x ) = 12x 2 − 4(a + b) x + ab 44 The local maximum value of the
a x 2
Critical Point, V ′(x ) = 0 2
a a function f (x) = , x > 0
⇒ 12x 2 − 4(a + b) x + ab = 0 x
a a 4(a + b) ± 16 (a + b) 2 − 4⋅ 12⋅ab [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
⇒ x= e
a 2(12) 1
4 4
(a) (2 e ) e
(b)
Area of hexagon = 6 ×
3 2 (a + b) ± a 2 + b 2 − ab e)
a (Let) x=
4 6 2
2
3 3 20 − x Qa = 20 − x V ′ ′ (x) = 24x − 4(a + b)
(c) (e) e (d) 1
AH =
2 6 6 Ans. (c)
(a + b) − a + b − ab
2 2
Sum of both area For x = , V ′ ′ (x) < 0 x2
f (x) =
6 2
x2
3 ;x > 0
A = AS + AH = + (20 − x) 2 Hence, for maximum volume x
16 24
(a + b) − a 2 + b 2 − ab ∴ log f (x) = x 2 (log 2 − log x)
dA x
= −
3
( 20 − x) x=
6 f ′(x) = f (x)[− x + (log 2 − log x)2x]
dx 8 12
f ′(x) = f (x) ⋅ x (2log 2 − 2log x − 1)
3x − 40 3 + 2 3x 43 A wire of length 36 m is cut into
= For maxima or minima putf ′ (x) = 0,
24 two pieces, one of the pieces is
we get
dA 40 3 40 bent to form a square and the
2log 2 − 2log x − 1 = log 2 − 1 = 0
= 0 ⇒x = = =40 (2 − 3) 4
dx 3+ 2 3 3+2 other is bent to form a circle. If the x
d2 A 3+ 2 3 sum of the areas of the two figures 2
= >0 ⇒ x=
dx 2 24 is minimum and the circumference e
of the circle is k (m), then + 1 k
⇒Area will be minimum, when 4 Sign of f¢(x) + –
x = 40 (2 − 3) π
2/Öe
20 − 40 (2 − 3) is equal to [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
∴ Side of hexagon = 2
6 Ans. (36) ∴ At x = , f (x) has maximum value.
e
20 3 − 30 Let x + y = 36
= 4
2
3 2 e
where, x is perimeter of square and y is Maximum = =e
e
10 (2 3 − 3) 10 2 e
= = perimeter of circle.
3 2 3+3
Applications of Derivatives 185
45 If a rectangle is inscribed in an Then, the Equate f ′ (x) = 0 gives,
equilateral triangle of side length function g (x) = ax 2 − 6x + 15 , x ∈R ⇒ 3x 2 − 6x − 9 = 0
2 2 as shown in the figure, then has a [2021, 20 July Shift-I] ⇒ 3(x 2 − 2x − 3) = 0
the square of the largest area of 3 3(x + 1) (x − 3) = 0 ⇒ x = − 1, x = 3
(a) local maximum at x = −
such a rectangle is ……… . 4 Now, f ′′(− 1) = 6(− 1) − 6 = − 12 < 0
3 f ′′(3) = 6(3) − 6 = 12 > 0
[2021, 25 July Shift-II] (b) local minimum at x = −
4 ∴ (− 1) is maxima. 3 is minima.
3
(c) local maximum at x = Local minimum value =f(3)
4 f(3) = (3) 3 − 3(3) 2 − 9(3) [using Eq. (i)]
3
(d) local minimum at x = = 27 − 27 − 27
4
f(3) = − 27
Ans. (a)
Ans. (3) f (x) = ax 2 + 6x − 15 48 The maximum value of z in the
Let EG = x and DE = h f ′ (x) = 2ax + 6 following equation z = 6xy + y 2 ,
Area of rectangle (A) = xh ...(i) f ′ (x) = 2(ax + 3) where 3x + 4y ≤ 100 and 4x + 3y ≤ 75
A 3 for x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0 is ……… .
f (x) is increasing for − ∞, . [2021, 17 March shift-I]
4
3 3 Ans. (904)
F So, x=− = z = 6xy + y 2
D a 4
3x + 4y ≤ 100
a = −4
h 4x + 3y ≤ 75
g (x) = ax 2 − 6x + 15
x, y ≥ 0
B E G C g ′ (x) = 2(ax − 3)
x z = y (6x + y)
If g ′ (x) = 0
In ∆BDE, y
x=–3/4
h = BE tan60 ° (0, 25)
2 2 − x
⇒ h= ⋅ 3 ...(ii)
2 g(x)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
3
Area (A) = (2 2 − x) ⋅ x A B x
2 (0, 0) (75/4, 0) (100/3, 0)
3 3
3 =−x=
⇒ A= (2 2x − x 2 ) a 4 z will be maximum at the corner points.
2 75 − 3y
3 x≤
Differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’, g (x) is maximum at x = − .
4 4
dA
=
3
(2 2 − 2x) z = y (6x + y)
dx 2 47 The sum of all the local minimum 75 − 3y
z ≤ y 6 + y
Substitute
dA
= 0. To determine the values of the twice diffrentiable 4
dx function f :R → R defined by 1
z ≤ (225 − 7 y )2
critical points. 3f ′ ′ (2) 2
f (x) = x 3 − 3x 2 − x + f ′ ′ (1) is
⇒
3
(2 2 − 2x) = 0 ⇒ x = 2 2 (225y − 7 y 2 ) is a quadratic in y whose
2 −D
[2021, 20 July Shift-II] maximum value is .
4a
d2 A
For maxima, 2 =
3
(−2) < 0 (a) −22 (b) 5 (c) −27 (d) 0
2252 − 4⋅0 ⋅ (−7)
dx 2 Ans. (c) Here, D =
4(− 7)
From Eq. (i), 3
Given,f (x) = x 3 − 3x 2 − f ′′(2) ⋅ x + f ′′(1) 2252 50625 ~
2 3 2 ∴ z≤ = − 904
h= 3 = 2⋅4⋅ 7 56
2 2 3
Then,f ′ (x) = 3x − 6x − f ′′(2)
2
3
2 49 Let f : [−1, 1] → R be defined as
So, area = 2 ⋅ = 3 f ′′(x) = 6x − 6
2 f (x) = ax 2 + bx + c for all x ∈ [−1, 1],
Put x = 1 and x = 2,
Squaring both sides, (area) 2 = 3 where a, b, c ∈R, such that
f ′′(2) = 12 − 6 = 6 and f ′′(1) = 0
3 f (−1) = 2, f ′ (−1) = 1 and for x ∈ (−1, 1) the
46 Let a be a real number such that Therefore, f (x) = x 3 − 3x 2 − × 6x + 0 1
2 maximum value of f ′′ (x) is . If
the function f (x) = ax 2 + 6x − 15, 2
⇒ f (x) = x 3 − 3x 2 − 9x ...(i)
x ∈R is increasing in f (x) ≤ α, x ∈ [−1, 1], then the least
3 3 and f ′ (x) = 3x 2 − 6x − 9
−∞, and decreasing in , ∞ . value of α is equal to …………… .
and f ′′(x) = 6x − 6
4 4 [2021, 17 March Shift-II]
186 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (5) 4a − 3 1
A = × (BC) × (AP)
⇒ cosx = …(i)
Given, f : [− 1, 1] → R 7 −a 2
and f (x) = ax 2 + bx + c As, − 1 ≤ cosx ≤ 1 Now, BC = 2BP
f (− 1) = a − b + c = 2 (given) …(i) 4a − 3 Consider ∆OBP, where OB = r
So, − 1 ≤ ≤1
f ′ (− 1) = − 2a + b = 1 (given) … (ii) 7 −a Then, BP = r cosθ
f ′′(x) = 2a 4a − 3 Hence, BC = 2r cosθ
⇒ + 1≥ 0
∴ fmax′′ (x) = 2a 7 −a Again, AP = AO + OP
1 4a − 3 + 7 − a where, AO = r
Also, given maximum value of f ′′(x) = ⇒ ≥0
2 7 −a Consider ∆OBP, where OB = r
1 1 Then, OP = r sinθ
i.e. 2a = ⇒a = 3a + 4
2 4 ⇒ ≥0 ⇒ AP = r + r sinθ
7 −a
3
From Eq. (ii),b = – + – From Eq. (i), we get
2 1
–4/3 7 Area = × (2r cosθ) × (r + r sinθ)
13 2
From Eq. (i), c =
4 a ∈ [− 4 /3, 7) …(i)
A = r 2 cosθ(1 + sinθ)
x2 3 4a − 3
∴ f (x) = + x+
13 Now, − 1≤ 0 Now,
4 2 4 7 −a
dA
4a − 3 − 7 + a = r 2 (− sinθ)(1 + sinθ) + r 2 cos2 θ
1 3 13 ⇒ ≤0 dθ
Here, f(− 1) = − + =2
4 2 4 7 −a
= r 2 (cos2 θ − sinθ − sin2 θ)
1 3 13 5a − 10
and f(1) = + + =5 ⇒ ≤0 = r 2 (1 − 2 sin2 θ − sinθ)
4 2 4 7 −a
Y – + –
= r 2 (1 + sinθ)(1 − 2 sinθ)
dA
2 2 7 Equate =0
y=f(x)= x + 3 x+ 13 dθ
5 4 2 4 a ∈ (− ∞, 2] ∪ [7, ∞) … (ii) ⇒ r 2 (1 + sinθ)(1 − 2 sinθ) = 0
13/4
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 1
2 ⇒ sinθ =
a ∈ − , 2
4 2
3 π
X′ –1 1 X′ ⇒ θ=
6
Y′ 51 The triangle of maximum area that d2 A π
For x ∈ [− 1, 1] Now, 2 < 0, whenθ =
can be inscribed in a given circle of dθ 6
f (x) ∈ [2, 5] radius r is [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II] π
⇒A is maximum, whenθ =
∴Least value of α is 5. (a) an isosceles triangle with base equal 6
to 2r ∴Maximum area
50 The range of a ∈R for which the 2r
π π
= r 2 cos 1 + sin =
(b) an equilateral triangle of height 3 3 2
function 3 r
6 6 4
f (x) = (4a − 3)(x + log e 5) + 2(a − 7) (c) an equilateral triangle having each of
3
its side of length 3r Height = AP = r
cot sin2 , x ≠ 2 nπ, n ∈ N, has
x x 2
(d) a right angle triangle having two of
2 2 Consider ∆ABP,
its sides of length2r and r
critical points, is (e) Let a ∆ABC inscribed in a circle with (AB) 2 = (AP) 2 + (BP) 2
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] centre O and radius r. 2
4 3
2
3
(a) (−3, 1) (b) − , 2 Ans. (c) = r + r [QBP = r cosθ ]
3 2 2
Let a ∆ABC inscribed in a circle with
(c) [1, ∞) (d) (−∞, −1] centre O and radius r. 9 3
= r 2 + r 2 = 3r 2 ⇒ AB = 3r
Ans. (b) A 4 4
Given, f (x) = (4a − 3) (x + log e 5) Hence, the ∆ABC is an equilateral
x x triangle with side 3r.
+ 2(a − 7) cot ⋅ sin2
2 2
O 52 The maximum slope of the curve
⇒ f (x) = (4a − 3)(x + log e 5)
1
x
+ 2(a − 7) cos sin
x y = x 4 − 5x 3 + 18x 2 − 19x occurs at
2 2 θ 2
B P C
⇒ f (x) = (4a − 3)(x + log e 5) + (a − 7) sin x the point [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
⇒ f ′ (x) = (4a − 3) (1 + 0) + (a − 7) cos x (a) (2, 2) (b) (0, 0)
Let ∠OBC = θ
⇒ f ′ (x) = (4a − 3) + (a − 7) cos x 21
1
Now, area of ∆ABC = × Base × Height
(c) (2, 9) (d) 3,
When f ′ (x) = 0, (4a − 3) + (a − 7) cos x = 0 2
2
Applications of Derivatives 187
Ans. (a) Also, slope of line x − y = 1 or y = x − 1 is 1 5
y 16 = , then y 130 =
1 1
(say m2 ). Since, x − y = 1 and tangent line Q
Given, curve is 4 4
1 is parallel.
y = x 4 − 5x 3 + 18x 2 − 19x …(i) ∴ (4k) 6 = 46 . k 6 = 46 (y 1 ) 30
2 Therefore, their slope be equal. 5
= 46 = 4
1
First, find the slope of given curve i.e. Hence, m1 = m2 gives, x = 1
1 4
dy /dx, Put x = 1 in Eq. (i), we get y =
2 ∴ (4k) 6 = 4
Differentiate Eq. (i),
dy 1 1
Thus, (x, y) = 1,
= (4x 3 ) − 5(3x 2 ) + 18(2x) − 19 2 55 Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree 6
dx 2
in x, in which the coefficient of x 6
= 2x − 15x + 36x − 19
3 2
Perpendicular distance between line
1 is unity and it has extrema at x = − 1
Now, let f (x) = 2x 3 − 15x 2 + 36x − 19 x − y = 1 and point 1, is given as, f (x)
2 and x = 1. If lim 3 = 1, then 5 ⋅f (2) is
is slope of the curve and find its x→ 0 x
maximum value as follows, (1) (1) + 1 (−1) − 1
equal to …………… .
f ′ (x) = 2(3x 2 ) − 15(2x) + 36 2
P =
= 6x 2 − 30 x + 36 (1) + (−1)
2 2
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
Equate f ′ (x) = 0 and solve for ‘x’, Ans. (144)
6x 2 − 30 x + 36 = 0 −1 f (x) = x 6 + ax 5 + bx 4 + cx 3 + dx 2 + ex + f
=
⇒ x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0 2 2 f (x)
As, lim 3 = 1 non-zero finite
⇒ x − 3x − 2x + 6 = 0
2
[∴using perpendicular distance formula] x→ 0 x
⇒ (x − 3) (x − 2) = 0 1 So, d = e = f = 0
=
⇒ x = 2 and 3 2 2
and f (x) = x 3 (x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c)
d
Now, f ′′(x) = (6x 2 − 30 x + 36) f (x)
Hence, lim 3 = c = 1
dx 54 If the curves x = y 4 and xy = k cut x→ 0 x
= 12x − 30 at right angles, then (4k ) 6 is equal Now, as f (x) = x 6 + ax 5 + bx 4 + x 3
Then, f ′′(2) = 12(2) − 30 = 24 − 30 to ………… . [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] and f ′ (x) = 0 at x = 1 and x = − 1
= − 6< 0 Ans. (4) i.e. f ′ (x) = 6x 5 + 5ax 4 + 4bx 3 + 3x 2
and f ′′(3) = 12(3) − 30 = 6 > 0
If the curves cut at right angle, then Now, f′ (1) = 0
Qf ′′(2) < 0, this implies ‘2’ is point of product of slopes will be −1.
maxim a. ⇒ 6 + 5a + 4b + 3 = 0
First curve x = y 4
∴At x = 2, slope will be maximum. ⇒ 5a + 4b = − 9 … (i)
Differentiate it, we get
Since, at x = 2, slope will be maximum, dy dy 1 and f′ (− 1) = 0
then y-coordinate will be, 1 = 4y 3 ⇒ = 3
dx dx 4y ⇒ − 6 + 5a − 4b + 3 = 0
1
y = (2) 4 − 5(2) 3 + 18(2) 2 − 19(2) 1 ⇒ 5a − 4b = 3 … (ii)
2 Slope of first curve (m1 ) = 3
4y 1 From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
= 8 − 40 + 72 − 38
a = − 3 / 5 and b = − 3 /2
= 72 − 70 = 2 [at point (x 1 , y 1 )]
3 3
∴Maximum slope occurs at point (2, 2). Second curve xy = k ∴ f (x) = x 6 − x 5 − x 4 + x 3
dy 5 2
Differentiate it,0 = x +y 3 3
53 The shortest distance between the dx ∴ 5f(2) = 526 − (2) 5 − (2) 4 + (2) 3
line x − y = 1 and the curve x 2 = 2y is dy − y 5 2
⇒ =
dx x 3 × 32 3 × 16
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] = 564 − − + 8
1 1 1 −y 5 2
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) Slope of second curve (m2 ) = 1
2 2 2 2 x1 = 320 − 96 − 120 + 40 = 144
Ans. (b) [at (x 1 , y 1 )]
Let (x, y) be any arbitrary point on curve
⇒ m1 . m2 = − 1 56 If the tangent to the curve y = x 3 at
x 2 = 2y and find the tangent line equation 1 −y1 the point P (t, t 3 ) meets the curve
⇒ = −1
at this point, such that tangent line at 4y 13 x 1 again at Q, then the ordinate of the
(x, y) is parallel to line x − y = 1. −1 point which divides PQ internally in
⇒ = −1
To find tangent equation, differentiate 4y 12 x 1 the ratio 1 : 2 is
the following equation so that we can −1 [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
⇒ = −1 [using x 1 = y 14 ]
find slope, 4(y 1 ) 6 (a) 0 (b) 2 t 3
x 2 − 2y = 0 …(i) 1 (c) − t 3 (d) − 2 t 3
dy dy ⇒ y 16 =
2x − 2 = 0 gives = x 4 Ans. (d)
dx dx Also, x 1 y 1 = k, using x 1 = y 14 , we get k = y 15 Given, curve ⇒y = x 3 … (i)
Slope (say m1 ) = x or k 6 = (y 1 ) 30
P (t,t 3 )
188 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Equation of tangent at P (t, t 3 ) ∴On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, ⇒ y = (1 + x) 2 y + 1 − x 2 …(i)
(y − t 3 ) = 3t 2 (x − t) … (ii) we get [as sin(sin−1 x) = x]
dy dy x = 0, y = 2.
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), = 1 + cos y So, at
x 3 − t 3 = 3t 2 (x − t) dx dx Now, let a point P (0, 2) on the curve.
dy 1
⇒ (x − t) (x + t 2 + xt) = 3t 2 (x − t)
2
⇒ = … (i) On differentiating the Eq.(i) both sides
⇒ x 2 + xt − 2t 2 = 0 dx 1 − cos y w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ (x − t) (x + 2t) = 0 Qtangent at point (a, b) at given curve is dy
= 2y (1 + x) 2 y − 1 + 2(1 + x) 2 y
3
parallel to line joining 0, and , 2 .
⇒ x = t or x = − 2t 1 dx
dy
This is not possible. 2 2 (log e (1 + x) ) − 2x
Now, the coordinate of Q = (x, y) dy 2 − (3 /2) dx
So = =1 dy
= (− 2t, (− 2t) 3 ) [Qy = x 3 ] dx (a , b ) (1 /2) − 0 So, at point P (0, 2) =4
dx P
∴ Q = (− 2t, − 8t )3 1
⇒ = 1 ⇒1 = 1 − cosb ⇒cosb = 0
1 − cosb ∴ Equation of normal to the curve at
∴Ordinate of the point dividing PQ in the 1
point ‘P’ is y − 2 = (x − 0)
ratio 1 : 2 is ⇒ sinb = ± 1 −4
2t 3 + (− 8t 3 ) Now, as point (a, b) on the given curve,
= − 2t 3 ⇒ x + 4y = 8
1+ 2 So b = a + sinb ⇒ b − a = sinb Hence, option (c) is correct.
⇒ |b − a | = | sinb | ⇒ |b − a | = 1
57 If p(x) be a polynomial of degree 61 If the tangent to the curve, y = e x
three that has a local maximum 59 Let P (h,k) be a point on the curve
at a point (c, e c ) and the normal to
value 8 at x = 1 and a local minimum y = x 2 + 7 x + 2, nearest to the line
the parabola, y 2 = 4x at the point (1,
value 4 at x = 2; then p(0) is equal to y = 3x − 3. Then the equation of the
2) intersect at the same point the
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] normal to the curve at P is
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I]
X-axis, then the value of c is ......... .
(a) −24 (b) 6
(a) x − 3y − 11 = 0 (b) x − 3y + 22 = 0 [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
(c) 12 (d) −12
Ans. (d) (c) x + 3y − 62 = 0 (d) x + 3y + 26 = 0 Ans. (4)
Ans. (d) The equation of tangent to the curve,
Since, p′ (x) = 0 at x = 1 and x = 2 and p(x) is y = e x at a point (c, e c ) is
cubic polynomial, so As the point P (h, k) is the nearest point on
the curve y = x 2 + 7 x + 2 , to the line y − e c = e c (x − c) …(i)
p′ (x) = a (x − 1) (x − 2) = a (x 2 − 3x + 2)
y = 3x − 3, so the tangent to the parabola and equation of normal to the curve,
x3 3 y = x 2 + 7 x + 7 at point P (h, k) is parallel
∴ p(x) = a − x 2 + 2x + b y 2 = 4x at the point (1, 2) is
3 2 to the line y = 3x − 3 y − 2 = − 1(x − 1) …(ii)
dy QThe lines (i) and (ii) intersect at same
According to the question, ∴ = 2h + 7 = 3 ⇒h = − 2 … (i)
1 3 dx p point on the X-axis, so put y = 0 in both
p(1) = 8 ⇒a − + 2 + b = 8 the equation and equate, we get
3 2 and the point p(h, k) on the curve, so
1 1 k = h2 + 7h + 2 = (− 2) 2 + 7 (− 2) + 2 x = 3 = c − 1 ⇒c = 4
⇒ a + + b = 8 ⇒ 5a + 6b = 48 … (i) Hence, answer is 4.00.
3 2 ⇒ k = 4 − 14 + 2 ⇒k = − 8
and p(2) = 4 ⇒a − 6 + 4 + b = 4 ∴ Point P(− 2, − 8)
8
3 Now, equation of normal to the parabola
62 Which of the following points lies
⇒ 2a + 3b = 12 … (ii) y = x 2 + 7 x + 7 at point P(− 2, − 8) is
on the tangent to the curve
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get −1 x 4 e y + 2 y + 1 = 3 at the point (1, 0)?
y + 8= (x + 2)
dy [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
a = 24, b = − 12
Q p(0) = b = − 12 dx p (a) (2, 2) (b) (2, 6)
1 (c) (− 2, 6) (d) (–2, 4)
⇒ y + 8 = − (x + 2) ⇒x + 3y + 26 = 0
58 If the tangent to the curve 3 Ans. (b)
y = x + sin y at a point (a,b) is parallel Equation of the given curve is
3 60 The equation of the normal to the x 4e y + 2 y + 1 = 3
to the line joining 0, and
2 curve y = (1 + x) 2 y + cos2 (sin −1 x) at On differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’, we get
1 ,2 , then x = 0 is [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
e y (4x 3 ) + x 4 e y
dy
+
1 dy
=0
2 (a) y + 4 x = 2 (b) y = 4 x + 2
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] dx y + 1 dx
(a) |b − a | = 1 (b) |a + b | = 1 (c) x + 4 y = 8 (d) 2 y + x = 4
∴At point P(1, 0),
π Ans. (c)
(c) b = a (d) b = + a dy 1 dy
2 Equation of the given curve is e 0 (4 × 1) + 1 . e 0 + =0
dx 0 + 1 dx
Ans. (a) y = (1 + x) 2 y + cos2 (sin−1 x)
dy
⇒ y = (1 + x) 2 y + 1 − sin2 (sin−1 x) ⇒ = –2
Given curve is y = x + sin y dx P
Applications of Derivatives 189
∴Equation of tangent at point P(10 , ) is e 1 ⇒ 3a + b = 0 …(iv)
⇒ log e c = − 1=
y = –2(x – 1) ⇒2x + y = 2 …(i) e−1 e−1 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
From the option point (–2, 6) contain by the
1
−2a − 2c = 16
tangent (i). ⇒ c = e e − 1 is positive. ⇒ a + c = −8 …(v)
From Eqs. (iii), (iv) and (v), we get
63 If x = 1 is a critical point of the 65 The set of all real values of λ for 3a − 2(−3a) + (−a − 8) = 0
function f (x) = (3x 2 + ax − 2 − a) e x , which the function ⇒ 8a − 8 = 0 ⇒ a = 1
then [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] f (x) = (1 − cos2 x). (λ + sin x), So, b = −3, c = −9 and d = 5
π π
(a) x = 1and x = −
2
are local minima of f x ∈ − , , has exactly one maxima ∴ f (x) = x 3 − 3x 2 − 9x + 5
3 2 2
Q f ′ (x) = 3x 2 − 6x − 9 = 0
2 and exactly one minima, is
(b) x = 1and x = − are local maxima of f (for local maxima and minima)
3 [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
⇒ x 2 − 2x − 3 = 0 ⇒ x 2 − 3x + x − 3 = 0
2 1 1 3 3
(c) x = 1 is a local maxima and x = − is a (a) − , − {0} (b) − , ⇒ (x + 1) (x − 3) = 0 ⇒ f ′ (x) = 0
local minima of f
3 2 2 2 2
⇒ x = − 1, 3
2 1 1 3 3
(d) x = 1 is a local minima and x = − is a (c) − , (d) − , − {0} Q f ′ ′ (x) = 6x − 6
local maxima of f 3 2 2 2 2 Q f′ ′ (−1) = − 12 and f′ ′ (3) = 12
Ans. (d) Ans. (d) ∴x = 3 is point of local minima.
It is given that x = 1 is a critical point of Given function, Hence, answer is 3.
the function f (x) = (3x 2 + ax –2 –a) e x f (x) = (1 − cos2 x) (λ + sin x)
So, = sin2 x (λ + sin x) 67 Let the normal at a point P on the
f ' (1) = e x (6x + a) + e x (3x 2 + ax –2 –a)| x = 1 = 0 ∴ f ′ (x) = sin 2x (λ + sin x) + sin2 x (cos x) curve y 2 − 3x 2 + y + 10 = 0 intersect
⇒ 6 + a + 3 + a − 2 − a = 0 ⇒ a = –7.
= sin 2x λ + sin x + sin x
1 3
the y-axis at 0, . If m is the slope
∴ f ' (x) = e x [3x 2 – x –2] = 0 2 2
⇒ x = 1 or –
2 3
= sin 2x λ + sin x of the tangent at P to the curve,
3 2
and f ′ ′ (x) = e x (6x – 1 + 3x 2 – x –2) then | m| is equal to ……… .
For maxima and minima, as
= e x (3x 2 + 5x –3) 3
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I]
Q f ′ ′ (1) = 5e > 0 f ′ (x) = 0 ⇒sin 2x λ + sin x = 0 Ans. (4)
2
⇒x = 1 is the point of local minima. Let a point P (x 1 , y 1 ) on the curve
So, either sin2x = 0 ⇒x = 0 as
and f ′′ – = e –2 / 3 – –3 y 2 − 3x 2 + y + 10 = 0, then slope of
2 4 10
3 3 3 π π
x ∈ − , normal to the curve at point P is
2 2 1
= –5e –2 / 3 < 0 mN = −
2 3 dy
⇒x = – is the point of local maxima. or λ + sin x = 0 as there must exactly
3 2 dx (x 1 , y 1 )
one maxima and exactly one minima, so
64 If the tangent to the curve, y = f On differentiating the curve w.r.t. x, we
3 3 get
(x) = x log e x, (x > 0) at a point (c, f (c)) λ ∈ − , − {0 }.
2 2 dy dy
is parallel to the line segment 2y − 6x + =0
dx dx
joining the point (1, 0) and (e, e) then 66 Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree 3 dy 6x
⇒ =
c is equal to [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II] such that f (− 1) = 10, f (1) = − 6, f (x) has dx 2y + 1
1
(a)
e −1
(b) e e − 1
a critical point at x = − 1 and f ′ (x) ∴ mN = − 1
2y + 1
e has a critical point at x = 1. The f (x) 6x 1
1
1 has a local minima at x = ............. Now, the normal to the curve at point P
(c) e 1 − e (d) [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II] 3
e −1 intersect theY-axis 0, , so slope of
Ans. (3) 2
Ans. (b)
Let a cubic polynomial 3
− y1
Equation of given curve, f (x) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d normal is mN = 2
y = f (x) = x log e x, (x > 0) Q f(−1) = 10 0 − x1
∴
dy
= f ′ (c) = 1 + log e c ⇒ − a + b − c + d = 10 …(i) On equating the value of mN , we get
dx x = c Q f(1) = − 6 3 − 2y 1 2y 1 + 1
=
QThe tangent to the given curve y = f (x) ⇒ a + b + c + d = −6 …(ii) x1 3x 1
at point x = c is parallel to line segment Q f′ (−1) = 0 ⇒ 9 − 6y 1 = 2y 1 + 1 (Qx 1 ≠ 0)
joining points (1, 0) and (e, e). ⇒ 3a − 2b + c = 0 …(iii) ⇒ 8y 1 = 8 ⇒ y 1 = 1
So, 1 + log e c =
e Q f′ ′ (1) = 0 QPoint P (x 1 , y 1 ) on the curve, so
e−1 ⇒ 6a + 2b = 0 (1) 2 − 3x 12 + 1 + 10 = 0
190 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ 3x 12 = 12 Ans. (b) f ′ (x) = ax 3 − ax
⇒ x 12 = 4 Key Idea
a a
⇒ f (x) = x 4 − x 2 + C
⇒ x1 = ± 2 4 2
(i) Use formula of volume of cylinder,
Now, slope of tangent to the curve at V = πr 2 h where, r = radius and h = [integrating both sides]
P (x 1 , y 1 ) is height where, C is constant of integration.
1 Now, sincef (x) = f (0)
m= − (ii) For maximum or minimum, put
mN first derivative of V equal to zero a 4 a 2 x4 x2
⇒ x − x +C =C ⇒ =
dy 6x 1 4 2 4 2
= = r
dx (x 1 , y 1 ) 2y 1 + 1 ⇒ x 2 (x 2 − 2) = 0 ⇒ x = − 2, 0, 2
6x 1 6(±2) 12 Thus, f (x) = f (0) has one rational and two
⇒ | m| = = = = 4 irrational roots.
2y 1 + 1 2(1) + 1 3
Hence, answer is 4. 71 If the tangent to the curve,
h
3 y = x 3 + ax − b at the point (1, − 5) is
68 If S 1 and S2 are respectively the h/2 θ
perpendicular to the line,
sets of local minimum and local − x + y + 4 = 0, then which one of the
r
maximum points of the function, following points lies on the curve ?
f (x) = 9x 4 + 12x 3 − 36x 2 + 25, x ∈R, Let a sphere of radius 3, which inscribed [2019, 9 April Shift-I]
then [2019, 8 April Shift-I] a right circular cylinder having radius r (a) (−2, 2) (b) (2, − 2)
(a) S 1 = { −2 }; S 2 = {01
,} and height ish, so (c) (−2, 1) (d) (2, − 1)
(b) S 1 = { −2, 0}; S 2 = {1} h Ans. (b)
From the figure, = 3 cosθ ⇒h = 6 cosθ
2 Given curve is y = x 3 + ax − b
(c) S 1 = { −2,1}; S 2 = {0} …(i)
(d) S 1 = { −1}; S 2 = {0, 2 } and r = 3 sinθ …(i) passes through point P(1, − 5).
Q Volume of cylinderV = πr 2 h ∴ − 5 = 1 + a − b ⇒b − a = 6 …(ii)
Ans. (c)
= π (3 sinθ) 2 (6 cosθ) and slope of tangent at point P(1, − 5) to
Given function is the curve (i), is
= 54 π sin2 θ cosθ .
f (x) = 9x 4 + 12x 3 − 36x 2 + 25 = y (let) dy
dV m1 = = [3x 2 + a] (1 , − 5 ) = a + 3
dy For maxima or minima, =0
For maxima or minima put = 0 dθ dx (1 , − 5 )
dx
dy ⇒ 54 π [2 sinθ cos2 θ − sin3 θ] = 0 QThe tangent having slope m1 = a + 3 at
⇒ = 36x + 36x − 72x = 0
3 2
⇒ sinθ[2 cos2 θ − sin2 θ] = 0 point P(1, − 5) is perpendicular to line
dx
− x + y + 4 = 0 , whose slope is m2 = 1.
⇒ x 3 + x 2 − 2x = 0 π
⇒ tan2 θ = 2 Qθ ∈ 0, ⇒ tanθ = 2 ∴ a + 3 = −1 ⇒a = −4 [Qm1 m2 = −1]
⇒ x [x 2 + x − 2] = 0 2
Now, on substitutinga = −4 in Eq. (ii), we
⇒ x [x + 2x − x − 2] = 0
2
2 1
⇒ sinθ = and cosθ = …(ii) get b = 2
⇒ x [x (x + 2) − 1(x + 2)] = 0 3 3 On puttinga = −2andb = 2in Eq. (i), we get
⇒ x (x − 1) (x + 2) = 0 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get y = x 3 − 4x − 2
⇒ x = −2, 0, 1 1
h=6 =2 3 Now, from option (2, − 2) is the required
By sign method, we have following 3 point which lie on it.
– + – +
–2 0 1 70 If f (x) is a non-zero polynomial of 72 Let S be the set of all values of x
degree four, having local extreme for which the tangent to the curve
dy
Since, changes it’s sign from negative points at x = − 1, 0, 1, then the set y = f (x) = x 3 − x 2 − 2x at (x, y) is
dx
to positive at x = ‘−2 ’ and ‘1’, so x = −2, 1
S = {x ∈R : f (x) = f (0)} contains exactly parallel to the line segment joining
are points of local minima. Also,
dy [2019, 9 April Shift-I] the points (1, f (1)) and (−1, f (−1)), then S
dx (a) four rational numbers is equal to [2019, 9 April Shift-I]
changes it’s sign from positive to (b) two irrational and two rational
1 1
negative at x = 0, so x = 0 is point of local numbers (a) , − 1 (b) , 1
maxima. (c) four irrational numbers 3 3
∴ S 1 = { −2, 1} and S 2 = {0 }. (d) two irrational and one rational number 1 1
(c) − , 1 (d) − , − 1
Ans. (d) 3 3
69 The height of a right circular The non-zero four degree polynomialf (x) Ans. (c)
cylinder of maximum volume has extremum points at x = −1, 0, 1, so we Given curve is y = f (x) = x 3 − x 2 − 2x ...(i)
inscribed in a sphere of radius 3 is can assume
So, f(1) = 1 − 1 − 2 = −2
[2019, 8 April Shift-II] f ′ (x) = a (x + 1)(x − 0) (x − 1) = ax (x 2 − 1)
2 and f(−1) = −1 − 1 + 2 = 0
(a) 6 (b) 2 3 (c) 3 (d) 3 where,a is non-zero constant.
3
Applications of Derivatives 191
Since, slope of a line passing through 1 2
QVolume of cone is (V ) = πr h 75 The maximum volume (in cum) of
(x 1 , y 1 ) and (x 2 , y 2 ) is given by 3
the right circular cone having slant
y − y1 2
m = tanθ = 2 1 1 1 height 3m is [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
x2 − x1 ∴ V= π h (h) = πh3 [from Eq. (i)]
3 2 12 4
(a) π (b) 2 3π
∴Slope of line joining points (1,f(1)) and On differentiating both sides w.r.t. ‘t’, we 3
(−1, f (−1)) is get (c) 3 3π (d) 6π
f (1) − f (−1) −2 − 0
m= = = −1 dV 1
= π(3h2 )
dh Ans. (b)
1 − (−1) 1+ 1 dt 12 dt
dy Leth = height of the cone,
Now, = 3x 2 − 2x − 2 ⇒
dh
=
4 dV r = radius of circular base
dx dt πh2 dt
[differentiating Eq. (i), w.r.t. ‘x’] = (3) 2 − h2 [Ql 2 = h2 + r 2 ]
dh 4
⇒ = ×5
According to the question, dt πh2 = 9 − h2 …(i)
dy
= m ⇒ 3x 2 − 2x − 2 = −1 [Q given
dV
= 5 m 3 /min]
dx dt
⇒ 3x 2 − 2x − 1 = 0 Now, at h = 10 m, the rate at which height
3
1 h
l=
⇒ (x − 1) (3x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 1 ,− of water level is rising =
dh
3 dt h = 10
Therefore, set S = − , 1.
1
3 =
4
× 5=
1
m/min
r
π(10) 2 5π
73 A water tank has the shape of an
inverted right circular cone, whose 1 2
74 If the tangent to the curve Now, volume (V ) of cone = πr h
semi-vertical angle is tan −1 .
1 x 3
2 y= 2 , x ∈R, (x ≠ ± 3), at a ⇒ V (h) =
1
π (9 − h2 )h [from Eq. (i)]
x −3 3
Water is poured into it at a constant
point (α, β) ≠ (0, 0) on it is parallel to 1
= π[9h − h3 ] …(ii)
rate of 5 cu m/min. Then, the rate
the line 2x + 6y − 11 = 0, then 3
(in m/min) at which the level of For maximum volumeV ′ (h) = 0 and
water is rising at the instant when the [2019, 10 April Shift-II]
V ′′(h) < 0.
depth of water in the tank is 10 m is (a) | 6α + 2β | = 19 (b) | 6α + 2β | = 9
Here, V ′ (h) = 0 ⇒(9 − 3h2 ) = 0
[2019, 9 April Shift-II] (c) | 2α + 6β | = 19 (d) | 2α + 6β | = 11
⇒ h= 3 [Qh </ 0]
2 1 1 1 Ans. (a)
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
π 5π 15π 10 π Equation of given curve is and V ′′(h) = π (−6h) < 0 for h = 3
3
Ans. (b) y= 2
x
, x ∈ R, (x ≠ ± 3) …(i) Thus, volume is maximum whenh = 3
Key Idea Use formula : x −3
Now, maximum volume
1 On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get 1
Volume of cone = πr 2 h, where r = radius V ( 3) = π (9 3 − 3 3) [from Eq. (ii)]
3 dy (x 2 − 3) − x (2x) (− x 2 − 3) 3
= = 2
and h = height of the cone. dx (x 2 − 3) 2 (x − 3) 2 = 2 3π
Given, semi-vertical angle of right It is given that tangent at a point
circular cone (α, β) ≠ (0, 0) on it is parallel to the line
76 If θ denotes the acute angle
1 2x + 6y − 11 = 0.
between the curves, y = 10 − x 2 and
= tan−1
2 2 dy y = 2 + x 2 at a point of their
∴ Slope of this line = − = intersection, then | tanθ| is equal to
−1 1
Let α = tan 6 dx (α , β )
2 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
α2 + 3 1
1 ⇒ − =− 7 8 4 8
⇒ tanα = (α 2 − 3) 2 3 (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 17 15 9 17
r 1 r ⇒ 3α 2 + 9 = α 4 − 6α 2 + 9
⇒ = [from fig. tanα = ] Ans. (b)
⇒ α 4 − 9 α 2 = 0 ⇒ α = 0, − 3, 3
h 2 h
⇒ α = 3 or − 3, [Qα ≠ 0] Key Idea Angle between two curves is
1
⇒ r= h …(i) Now, from Eq. (i), the angle between the tangents to the
2 α curves at the point of intersection.
r β= 2
α −3 Given equation of curves are
3 −3 1 1 y = 10 − x 2 …(i)
⇒ β= or = or −
9−3 9−3 2 2 and y = 2 + x2 …(ii)
l h For point of intersection, consider
According to the options, | 6α + 2β | = 19
α at 10 − x 2 = 2 + x 2
1 ⇒ 2x 2 = 8
(α, β) = ± 3, ±
2
192 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ x2 = 4 and slope of line joining (x, y) and , 7 is
1
On checking all the options, the option
⇒ x=±2 2
4 , 2e satisfy the equation of tangent.
Clearly, when x = 2 , then y = 6 y−7
m2 = …(ii) 3
1
(using Eq. (i)) x−
2
and when x = − 2, then y = 6 79 The maximum value of the function
Now, m1 ⋅ m2 = −1
Thus, the point of intersection are (2, 6)
3 y−7 f (x) = 3x 3 − 18x 2 + 27 x − 40 on the
and (−2, 6). ⇒ x1/2 = −1 set S = {x ∈R : x 2 + 30 ≤ 11x} is
Let m1 be the slope of tangent to the 2 x − (1 /2)
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
curve (i) and m2 be the slope of tangent [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)] (a) 122 (b) − 122 (c) − 222 (d) 222
to the curve (ii). 3 1/2 x 3/2
dy ⇒ x = −1 [Qy = x 3 / 2 + 7] Ans. (a)
For curve (i) = −2x and for curve (ii) 2 x − 1 /2
dy dx We have,f (x) = 3x 3 − 18x 2 + 27 x − 40
= 2x ⇒
3 2
x = −x +
1
⇒ f ′ (x) = 9x 2 − 36x + 27
dx 2 2 = 9(x 2 − 4x + 3) = 9 (x − 1) (x − 3) …(i)
∴ At (2, 6), slopes m1 = − 4 and m2 = 4, and ⇒ 3x 2 + 2x − 1 = 0 Also, we have
in that case ⇒ 3x 2 + 3x − x − 1 = 0 S = { x ∈ R : x 2 + 30 ≤ 11 x }
m − m1 1
⇒ 3x (x + 1) − 1(x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x = , − 1
| tanθ | = 2 Clearly, x 2 + 30 ≤ 11x
1 + m1 m2 3
1 ⇒ x 2 − 11x + 30 ≤ 0
4+ 4 8 Q x≥0 ∴ x = ⇒ (x − 5) (x − 6) ≤ 0 ⇒x ∈[5, 6]
= = 3
1 − 16 15 3/2
So, S = [5, 6]
y = + 7 [Qy = x 3 / 2 + 7]
1
and so,
At (−2, 6), slopes m1 = 4 and m2 = − 4 and in 3 Note that f (x) is increasing in [5, 6]
that case 1 1 3/2 [Qf ′ (x) > 0 for x ∈[5, 6]
Thus, the nearest point is , + 7 ∴f(6) is maximum, where
m − m1 −4 − 4 8 3 3
| tanθ | = 2 = =
1 + m1 m2 1 − 16 15 Now, the nearest distance f(6) = 3(6) 3 − 18(6) 2 + 27 (6) − 40 = 122
2
1 1
2
3/2
= − + 7 − − 7
1 80 If the function f given by
77 A helicopter is flying along the
2 3 3 f (x) = x 3 − 3(a − 2) x 2 + 3ax + 7, for
curve given by y − x 3 /2 = 7, (x ≥ 0). A
2 3 some a ∈R is increasing in (0, 1] and
soldier positioned at the point
= + =
1 1 1 1
+ decreasing in [1, 5), then a root of
1 , 7 wants to shoot down the 6 3 36 27
2 3+4 7 1 7 the equation, f (x) − 14 = 0 (x ≠ 1) is
= = = (x − 1) 2
helicopter when it is nearest to 108 108 6 3 [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
him. Then, this nearest distance is (a) − 7 (b) 6
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] 78 The tangent to the curve,
2
(c) 7 (d) 5
(a)
1 7
(b)
5 y = xe x passing through the point Ans. (c)
3 3 6 (1, e) also passes through the point Given that function,
1 7 1
(c) (d) [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] f (x) = x 3 − 3 (a − 2) x 2 + 3ax + 7, for some
6 3 2 a ∈ R is increasing in (0, 1] and decreasing
(a) , 2e
4
(b) (3, 6e)
Ans. (c) 3 in [1, 5).
The helicopter is nearest to the soldier, 5 f′ (1) = 0 [Qtangent at x = 1 will be parallel
(c) (2, 3e) (d) , 2e to X-axis]
if the tangent to the path, y = x 3 / 2 + 7, 3
(x ≥ 0) of helicopter at point (x, y) is ⇒ (3x 2 − 6(a − 2) x + 3a) x = 1 = 0
perpendicular to the line joining (x, y) and Ans. (a)
1 ⇒ 3 − 6(a − 2) + 3a = 0
the position of soldier , 7 . Given equation of curve is
2 2 ⇒ 3 − 6a + 12 + 3a = 0
y = xe x …(i)
⇒ 15 − 3a = 0 ⇒ a = 5
Note that (1, e) lie on the curve, so the
point of contact is (1, e). So, f (x) = x 3 − 9x 2 + 15x + 7
Now, slope of tangent, at point (1, e), to the ⇒ f (x) − 14 = x 3 − 9x 2 + 15x − 7
curve (i) is ⇒ f (x) − 14 = (x − 1) (x 2 − 8x + 7)
(x, y)
dy = (x − 1) (x − 1)(x − 7)
y=x3/2+7 2 2
= (x (2x) e x + e x ) (1 , e ) f (x) − 14
dx ⇒ = (x − 7) …(i)
(1 ,e )
(x − 1) 2
(1/2, 7) = 2e + e = 3 e f (x) − 14
Now, equation of tangent is given by Now, = 0, (x ≠ 1)
QSlope of tangent at point (x, y) is (x − 1) 2
(y − y 1 ) = m (x − x 1 )
dy 3 1 / 2
= x = m1 (let) …(i) ⇒ x − 7 =0 [from Eq. (i)]
y − e = 3e (x − 1) ⇒ y = 3ex − 2e
dx 2 ⇒ x=7
Applications of Derivatives 193
< 0, x −
⇒ y = 2 tan2 θ 1 1 2
81 The tangent to the curve x− + ∈ (−∞, 2 2]
x x − 1
y = x 2 − 5x + 5, parallel to the line Now, equation of required tangent is x
2y = 4x + 1, also passes through the y − 2 tan2 θ = tanθ (x − 4 tanθ) x
⇒ y = x tanθ − 2 tan2 θ ∴ Local minimum value is2 2.
point [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
1 7 7 1 ⇒ x = y cotθ + 2 tanθ
(a) , (b) , 85 If 20 m of wire is available for
4 2 2 4
83 If the curves y 2 = 6x, 9x 2 + by 2 = 16 fencing off a flower-bed in the
(c) − , 7 (d) , − 7
1 1
form of a circular sector, then the
8 8 intersect each other at right angles,
maximum area (in sq m) of the
then the value ofb is [JEE Main 2018]
Ans. (d) flower-bed is [JEE Main 2017]
7 9
The given curve is y = x 2 − 5x + 5 …(i) (a) 6 (b) (c) 4 (d)
2 2 (a) 12.5 (b) 10
Now, slope of tangent at any point (x, y) (c) 25 (d) 30
Ans. (d)
on the curve is Ans. (c)
dy dy dy 3
= 2x − 5 …(ii) We have, y 2 = 6x ⇒ 2y =6 ⇒ = Total length = 2r + rθ = 20
dx dx dx y
20 − 2r
[on differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x] 3 ⇒ θ=
Slope of tangent at (x 1 , y 1 ) is m1 = r
QIt is given that tangent is parallel to line y1 Now, area of flower-bed,
2y = 4x + 1 Also, 9x 2 + by 2 = 16
dy dy
So, =2 ⇒ 18x + 2by = 0 θ
dx dx r r
[Qslope of line2y = 4x + 1 is 2] dy −9x
⇒ =
7 dx by
⇒ 2x − 5 = 2 ⇒ 2x = 7 ⇒ x =
2 −9x 1 rθ
7 Slope of tangent at (x 1 , y 1 ) is m2 = 1
On putting x = in Eq. (i), we get by 1 A = r 2θ
2 2
Since, these are intersection at right
20 − 2r
A = r 2
49 35 69 35 1 1
y = − +5= − =− angle. ⇒
4 2 4 2 4
∴ m1 m2 = − 1 2 r
Now, equation of tangent to the curve (i) 27 x 1 ⇒ A = 10 r − r 2
7 1 ⇒ =1
at point ,− and having slope 2, is by 12 dA
2 4 ∴ = 10 − 2r
27 x 1 dr
1 7 1 ⇒ =1 [Qy 12 = 6x 1 ] dA
y + = 2 x − ⇒ y + = 2x − 7 6bx 1 For maxima or minima, put = 0.
4 2 4 dr
9
29 ⇒ b= ⇒ 10 − 2r = 0
⇒ y = 2x − …(iii) 2
4 ⇒ r=5
1 1
On checking all the options, we get the 84 Let f (x) = x 2 + and g (x) = x − , ∴
1 20 − 2 (5)
Amax = (5) 2
1 x 2
x
point , − 7 satisfy the line (iii). f (x)
2 5
8 x ∈R − {−1, 0, 1}. If h(x) = , then 1
g (x) = × 25 × 2 = 25 sq m
2
82 The equation of a tangent to the the local minimum value of h(x) is
parabola, x 2 = 8y, which makes an [JEE Main 2018] 86 The normal to the curve
angle θ with the positive direction (a) 3 (b) −3 (c) −2 2 (d) 2 2 y (x − 2) (x − 3) = x + 6 at the point,
of X-axis, is [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] Ans. (d) where the curve intersects the
(a) y = x tanθ − 2 cot θ We have, Y-axis passes through the point
(b) x = y cot θ + 2 tanθ f (x) = x 2 +
1
and g (x) = x −
1 [JEE Main 2017]
(c) y = x tanθ + 2 cot θ x2 1 1 1 1
x (a) − , − (b) ,
(d) x = y cot θ − 2 tanθ f (x) 2 2 2 2
⇒ h(x) =
Ans. (b) g (x) 1 1 1 1
(c) , − (d) ,
2 2 3 2 3
Given parabola is x = 8y
2
…(i) 1 x − 1 + 2
x2 +
Now, slope of tangent at any point (x, y) x 2 x Ans. (b)
∴ h(x) = =
on the parabola (i) is 1 1
x− x− Given curve is
dy x x x
= = tanθ y (x − 2)(x − 3) = x + 6 …(i)
⇒ h(x) = x − +
dx 4 1 2
Put x = 0 in Eq. (i), we get
[Qtangent is making an angleθ with the x x − 1
positive direction of X-axis] x y(− 2) (− 3) = 6
So, x = 4tanθ ⇒ 8y = (4 tanθ) 2 x − > 0, x − +
1 1 2
∈ [2 2, ∞) ⇒ y=1
[on putting x = 4 tanθ in Eq. (i)] x x x − 1 So, point of intersection is (0, 1).
x
194 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
x+6 Ans. (b) (1 − 2x) 2
Now, y = ⇒ A (x) = x 2 +
1 + sin x π
(x − 2)(x − 3) We have,f (x) = tan −1
, x ∈ 0, π
1 − sin x 2 dA
dy 1 (x − 2)(x − 3) − (x + 6)(x − 3 + x − 2) Now, for minimum value of A (x), =0
⇒ = 2
dx (x − 2) 2 (x − 3) 2 x x dx
cos + sin 2 (1 − 2x)
dy 6 + 30 36 −1 2 2 ⇒ 2x + ⋅ (− 2) = 0
⇒ = = =1 ⇒ f (x) = tan 2 π
dx (0 , 1 ) 4 × 9 36 x x 2 − 4x
cos − sin ⇒ x=
∴ Equation of normal at (0, 1) is given by 2 2 π
−1 cos x + sin x ⇒ πx + 4x = 2
y − 1= (x − 0) ⇒ x + y − 1 = 0 2
1 = tan−1 2 2 ⇒ x= ...(ii)
cos − sin
x x π+4
which passes through the point , .
1 1
2 2 2 2 Now, from Eq. (i), we get
x x x π 2
Q cos > sin for 0 < < 1 − 2⋅
87 The radius of a circle having 2 2 2 4 π+4
1 + tan x r=
minimum area, which touches the π
curve y = 4 − x 2 and the lines y = | x |, = tan− 1 2
=
π + 4−4
=
1
...(iii)
is 1 − tan x π(π + 4) π + 4
[JEE Main 2017]
2
(a) 2 ( 2 + 1) (b) 2 ( 2 − 1) From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
(c) 4 ( 2 − 1) (d) 4 ( 2 + 1) −1 π x π x x = 2r
= tan tan 4 + 2 = 4 + 2
Ans. (c)
Let the radius of circle with least area be π
90 The normal to the curve
⇒ f′ =
1 1
r. ⇒ f ′ (x) = x 2 + 2xy − 3y 2 = 0 at (1, 1)
2 6 2
Then, coordinates of centre = (0, 4 − r). π
[JEE Main 2015]
Y
Now, equation of normal at x = is given (a) does not meet the curve again
y=|x| 6
(b) meets the curve again in the second
by
quadrant
(0
π π
y − f = − 2 x −
,4
6 (c) meets the curve again in the third
–r
r 6
)
r quadrant
⇒ y − π = −2 x − π
(d) meets the curve again in the fourth
3 6
X′ X quadrant
O π π π 4π π
= + = =
6 4 12 12 3
y=4 – x2 Qf Ans. (d)
Y′
Given equation of curve is
2π
Since, circle touches the line y = x in first which passes through 0, . x 2 + 2xy − 3y 2 = 0 …(i)
3
quadrant. On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
0 − (4 − r) 89 A wire of length 2 units is cut into
∴ =r 2x + 2xy ′ + 2y − 6yy ′ = 0
2 two parts which are bent x+y
respectively to form a square of ⇒ y′ =
⇒ r −4= ± r 2 3y − x
⇒ r=
4
or
4 side = x units and a circle of radius
2 + 1 1− 2 At x = 1, y = 1, y′ = 1
= r units. If the sum of the areas of
the square and the circle so formed dy
But r ≠
4 4 i.e. =1
1− 2 Q 1 − 2 < 0 is minimum, then dx (1 , 1 )
4 [JEE Main 2016 (Offline)] Equation of normal at (1, 1) is
∴ r= = 4 ( 2 − 1)
2+1 (a) 2 x = (π + 4) r (b) (4 − π ) x = πr 1
y − 1 = − (x − 1)
(c) x = 2 r (d) 2x = r 1
1 + sin x
88 Consider f (x) = tan −1 , Ans. (c) ⇒ y − 1 = − (x − 1)
1 − sin x According to given information, we have ⇒ x + y =2 …(ii)
π
x ∈ 0, . Perimeter of square + Perimeter of On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii) simultaneously,
2 circle = 2units we get
π ⇒ 4x + 2 πr = 2 x 2 + 2x (2 − x) − 3(2 − x) 2 = 0
A normal to y = f (x) at x = also 1 − 2x ⇒ x + 4x − 2x 2 − 3(4 + x 2 − 4x) = 0
2
6 ⇒ r= ...(i)
π ⇒ − x 2 + 4x − 12 − 3x 2 + 12x = 0
passes through the point
[JEE Main 2016] Now, let A be the sum of the areas of the ⇒ −4x 2 + 16x − 12 = 0
2π square and the circle. Then, ⇒ 4x 2 − 16x + 12 = 0
(a) (0, 0) (b) 0, ⇒ x 2 − 4x + 3 = 0
3 A = x 2 + πr 2
π π (1 − 2x) 2 ⇒ (x − 1)(x − 3) = 0
(c) , 0 (d) , 0 = x2 + π ⇒ x = 1, 3
6 4 π2
Applications of Derivatives 195
Now, when x = 1, then y = 1 On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 94 Let a, b ∈R be such that the
and when x = 3, then y = − 1 1
a = , b = −2 function f given by
∴ P = (1, 1) and Q = (3, − 1) 2
x4
f (x) = log| x | + bx 2 + ax, x ≠ 0 has
Hence, normal meets the curve again at ∴ f (x) = − 2x 3 + 2x 2
(3, − 1) in fourth quadrant. 2
extreme values at x = − 1 and x = 2.
Aliter ⇒ f(2) = 8 − 16 + 8 = 0 Statement I f has local maximum
Given, x 2 + 2xy − 3y 2 = 0 at x = − 1and at x = 2.
92 If x = −1 and x = 2 are extreme 1 −1
⇒ (x − y)(x + 3y) = 0 Statement II a = and b =
points of f (x) = α log| x | + βx 2 + x,
⇒ x − y = 0 or x + 3y = 0 2 4
then
[AIEEE 2012]
Equation of normal at (1, 1) is [JEE Main 2014]
y − 1 = − 1(x − 1) 1 1 (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
(a) α = −6, β = (b) α = −6, β = − true
⇒ x + y − 2= 0 2 2
1 1 (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
It intersects x + 3y = 0 at (3, − 1) (c) α = 2, β = − (d) α = 2, β = true; Statement II is a correct
and hence normal meet the curve in fourth 2 2 explanation of Statement I
quadrant. Ans. (c) (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
x+y=2 y=x Here, x = −1and x = 2are extreme points of true; Statement II is not a correct
Y
f (x) = α log | x | + β x 2 + x , then explanation of Statement I
x+3y=0 (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
α
f ′ (x) = + 2βx + 1 false
(1,1) x
X′ X Ans. (c)
O ∴ f ′ (−1) = − α − 2β + 1 = 0 …(i)
Given,
(3, –1) [at extreme point, f ′ (x) = 0]
α (i) A function f, such that
Y′ and f ′ (−2) = + 4β + 1 = 0 …(ii) f(x) = log | x | + bx 2 + ax,x ≠ 0
2
(ii) The functionfhas extrema atx = − 1
91 Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
and x = 2, i.e., f′ (−1) = f′ (2) = 0 and
1
four having extreme values at x = 1 α = 2, β = − f′ ′ (−1) ≠ 0 ≠ f′ ′ (2).
2
f (x) Now, given function f is given by
and x = 2. If lim 1 + 2 = 3, then f (2)
x→ 0 x 93 The intercepts on X-axis made by f(x) = log | x | + bx 2 + ax
tangents to the curve, 1
is equal to [JEE Main 2015] x
⇒ f′ (x) = + 2bx + a
(a) −8 (b) −4 (c) 0 (d) 4 y = ∫ | t | dt, x ∈R, which are parallel x
0 −1
Ans. (c) ⇒ f′ ′ (x) = 2 + 2b
to the line y = 2x, are equal to x
Central Idea Any function have extreme [JEE Main 2013] Since, f has extrema at x = − 1 and
values (maximum or minimum) at its (a) ± 1 (b) ± 2 x = 2.
critical points, wheref ′ (x) = 0. f′ (−1) = 0 = f′ (2)
(c) ± 3 (d) ± 4 Hence,
Since, the function have extreme values f′ (−1) = 0
at x = 1 and x = 2. Ans. (a)
⇒ a − 2b = 1 …(i)
∴ f ′ (x) = 0 at x = 1 and x = 2 x
Given, y = ∫ |t | dt ∴
dy
=|x | and f′ (2) = 0
⇒ f′ (1) = 0 and f′ (2) = 0 0 dx
−1
Also it is given that Since, tangent to the curve is parallel to ⇒ a + 4b = …(ii)
2
f (x) line y = 2x.
lim 1 + 2 = 3 dy On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
x→ 0 ⇒ =2 −1
x
dx
1
a = and b =
f (x) f (x) 2 4
⇒ 1 + lim = 3 ⇒ lim 2 = 2 ∴ x=±2
x→ 0 x2 x→ 0 x −1 −1 x2 + 2
∴ Points, y=∫
±2
| t | dt = ± 2 ⇒ f′ ′ (x) = 2 + =−
2x
2
x 2
⇒ f (x) will be of the form 0
∴ Equation of tangents are ⇒ f′ ′ (−1) < 0 and f′ ′ (2) < 0
ax 4 + bx 3 + 2x 2
[Qf (x) is of four degree polynomial] y − 2 = 2 (x − 2) Hence,f has local maxima at both
y + 2 = 2 (x + 2) x = − 1 and x = 2. Hence, Statement I
Let f (x) = ax 4 + bx 3 + 2x 2 is correct. Also, while solving for
⇒ f ′ (x) = 4ax 3 + 3bx 2 + 4x For x-intercept, put y = 0, we get
Statement I, we found the values
⇒ f ′ (1) = 4a + 3b + 4 = 0 …(i) 0 − 2 = 2 (x − 2) of a and b, which justify that
and f ′ (2) = 32a + 12b + 8 = 0 0 + 2 = 2 (x + 2) Statement II is also correct.
However, Statement II does not
⇒ 8a + 3b + 2 = 0 …(ii) ⇒ x=± 1
explain Statement I in any way.
196 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
95 Let f be a function defined by f (2x) f (3x) Ans. (b)
⇒ lim 1 ≤ lim
≤ lim
tan x , x ≠ 0
x→ ∞ x→ ∞
f (x) x→ ∞ f (x) Given, P (x) = x 4 + a x 3 + bx 2 + cx + d
⇒ P ′ (x) = 4x 3 + 3 ax 2 + 2 bx + c
f (x) = x By Sandwich theorem, lim
f (2x)
=1
1 , x = 0 x→ ∞ f (x) Since, x = 0 is a solution for P ′ (x) = 0,
then
Statement I x = 0is point of 97 The equation of the tangent to c =0
minima of f . 4 ∴ P (x) = x 4 + ax 3 + bx 2 + d
the curve y = x + 2 , i. e., parallel …(i)
Statement II f ′ (0) = 0 [AIEEE 2011] x Also, we have P (− 1) < P (1)
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is to X-axis, is [AIEEE 2010]
⇒ 1−a + b + d< 1+ a + b + d
true (a) y = 0 (b) y = 1 (c) y = 2 (d) y = 3 ⇒ a>0
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is Since, P ′ (x) = 0, only when x = 0 and P (x)
Ans. (d)
true; Statement II is correct 4 is differentiable in (− 1, 1), we should have
explanation of Statement I We have, y = x+
x2 the maximum and minimum at the points
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get x = − 1, 0 and 1.
true; Statement II is not a correct dy 8 Also, we have P (− 1) < P (1)
explanation of Statement I = 1− 3
dx x ∴ Maximum of P (x) = Max { P (0), P (1)}
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
false Since, the tangent is parallel to X-axis, and minimum of P (x) = Min { P (− 1), P (0)}
therefore In the interval [0, 1],
Ans. (c) dy P ′ (x) = 4x 3 + 3ax 2 + 2 bx
tan x , x ≠ 0 = 0 ⇒ x3 = 8
f (x) = x
dx = x (4x 2 + 3ax + 2 b)
⇒ x = 2 and y = 3
1 , x = 0 Since, P ′ (x) has only one root x = 0, then
4x 2 + 3 ax + 2 b = 0 has no real roots.
As,
tan x
> 1, ∀ x ≠ 0 98 Let f : R → R be defined by
∴ (3a) 2 − 32 b < 0
x k − 2x, if x ≤ − 1
∴ f (0 + h) > f (0) and f (0 − h) > f (0) f (x) = . ⇒
3a2
<b
At x = 0, f (x) attains minim(a) 2x + 3, if x > − 1 32
tan h
−1 If f has a local minimum at x = −1, ∴ b>0
f (h) − f (0) Thus, we havea > 0 and b > 0.
∴ f ′ (0) = lim = lim h then a possible value of k is
h→ 0 h→ 0
h h [AIEEE 2010] ∴ P ′ (x) = 4x 3 + 4 ax 2 + 2 bx > 0,
tan h − h 1 ∀ x ∈ (0, 1)
= lim (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) − (d) −1
h→ 0 h2 2 Hence, P (x) is increasing in [0, 1].
sec2 h − 1
Ans. (d) ∴ Maximum of P (x) = P (1)
= lim [using L’ Hospital rule]
h→ 0 2h Similarly, P (x) is decreasing in [−1 , 0].
k – 2x 2x + 3
tan2 h Therefore, minimum P (x) does not occur
= lim ⋅h [Qtan2 θ = sec2 θ − 1] at x = − 1.
h → 0 2h2
O
1
= ⋅0 = 0 Q lim tanθ = 1 100 If the cubic x 3 − px + q has three
1
2 θ → 0 θ k+2 { distinct real roots, where p> 0 and
So, Statement II is true. –1 q > 0. Then, which one of the
Hence, both statements are true but
Statement II is not the correct Q k + 2≤ 1
following holds? [AIEEE 2008]
explanation of Statement I. p
∴ k ≤ −1 (a) The cubic has maxima at both and
3
96 Let f : R → R be a positive −
p
99 Given, P (x) = x 4 + ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d
increasing function with 3
f (3x) f (2x) such that x = 0 is the only real root p
(b) The cubic has minima at and
lim = 1. Then, lim is equal of P ′ (x) = 0. If P (− 1) < P (1), then in the 3
x → ∞ f (x) x → ∞ f (x)
interval [− 1, 1], [AIEEE 2009] maxima at −
p
to [AIEEE 2010] (a) P(− 1) is the minimum and P(1) is the 3
2 3 p
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 3 maximum of P (c) The cubic has minima at − and
3 2 3
(b) P(− 1) is not minimum but P(1) is the p
Ans. (a) maxima at
Since,f (x) is a positive increasing maximum of P 3
function. (c) P(− 1) is the minimum and P(1) is not (d) The cubic has minima at both
p
and
⇒ 0 < f (x) < f (2x) < f (3x) the maximum of P 3
p
f (2x) f (3x) (d) Neither P(− 1) is the minimum nor P(1) −
⇒ 0 < 1< < 3
f (x) f (x) is the maximum of P
Applications of Derivatives 197
Ans. (b) Ans. (a) Ans. (a)
Let f (x) = x 3 − px + q Using mean value theorem, 3x 2 + 9x + 17
Let f (x) =
Then, f ′ (x) = 3x 2 − p f (3) − f (1) f (b) − f (a) 3x 2 + 9x + 7
f ′ (c) = Qf ′ (c) = b − a
Maxima 3−1 10
= 1+
3 x + 3x +
1 log e 3 − log e 1 2 7
⇒ = 3
– p/3 c 2
2 [by division algorithm]
Minima ∴ c= = 2log 3 e 10
p/3 log e 3 = 1+
3
2
1
3 x + +
f ′ (x) = 0 ⇒ x =
p
,−
p x 2 2 12
Put
3 3
103 The function f (x) = + has a local
2 x 3
Hence,f (x) will be maximum at x = − ⋅
Now, f ′ ′ (x) = 6x minimum at [AIEEE 2006] 2
(a) x = −2 (b) x = 0 So, the maximum value off (x)
p p
∴ At x = , f ′ ′ (x) = 6 >0 [minima] (c) x = 1 (d) x = 2 10
3 3
Ans. (d) = 1+ = 1 + 40 = 41
1
p x 2 3
and at x=− , Q f (x) = + 12
3 2 x
f ′ ′ (x ) < 0 [maxima] 1 2 106 If u = a 2 cos2 θ + b2 sin2 θ
∴ f ′ (x) = −
2 x2 + a 2 sin2 θ + b2 cos2 θ,
101 The normal to a curve at P (x, y) For maxima or minima, putf ′ (x) = 0
then the difference between the
meets the X-axis at G. If the 1 2
∴ − = 0 ⇒ x2 = 4 maximum and minimum values of
distance of G from the origin is 2 x2 u 2 is given by [AIEEE 2004]
twice the abscissa of P, then the ⇒ x = ±2
curve is a [AIEEE 2007] 4 (a) 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) (b) 2 a 2 + b 2
Now, f ′ ′ (x) = 3
(a) ellipse (b) parabola x (c) (a + b ) 2 (d) (a − b ) 2
(c) circle (d) hyperbola 4 1 Ans. (d)
⇒ f′ ′ (2) = = > 0 [minima]
Ans. (d) 8 2 Given that,
Let the equation of normal be and
4 1
f′ ′ (− 2) = − = − < 0 [maxima] u = a 2 cos2 θ + b 2 sin2 θ
dx 8 2
Y −y=− (X − x) + a 2 sin2 θ + b 2 cos2 θ
dy Hence,f (x) is minimum at x = 2.
∴ u = a cos θ + b 2 sin2 θ + a 2 sin2 θ
2 2 2
It meets the X-axis at G. Therefore,
104 Angle between the tangents to the + b 2 cos2 θ + 2 (a 2 cos2 θ + b 2 sin2 θ)
dy
coordinates of G are x + y ,0 . curve y = x 2 − 5x + 6 at the points
dx × (a 2 sin2 θ + b 2 cos2 θ)
(2, 0) and (3, 0) is [AIEEE 2006]
According to given condition, π π π π ⇒ u 2 = a 2 + b 2 + 2 x (a 2 + b 2 − x)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
dy dy 2 6 4 3 [where, x = a 2 cos2 θ + b 2 sin2 θ)
x+y = 2x ⇒ y =x
dx dx Ans. (a) ⇒ u 2 = (a 2 + b 2 ) + 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) x − x 2
⇒ y dy = x dx Q y = x − 5x + 6
2
On differentiating w.r.t.θ, we get
On integrating, we get dy du 2 2
∴ = 2x − 5 =
y2 x2 dx dθ 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) x − x 2
= +C dy
2 2 Now, m1 = =4− 5= −1 (a 2 + b 2 − 2x) ×
dx
dx (2 , 0 ) dθ
⇒ x 2 − y 2 = − 2C dx
dy and = (b 2 − a 2 ) sin 2θ
which shows a hyperbola. and m2 = =6− 5= 1 dθ
dx (3 , 0 ) [Qx = a 2 cos2 θ + b 2 sin2 θ]
102 A value of C for which the Now, m1 m2 = − 1 × 1 = − 1 du 2 (a 2 + b 2 − 2x)
⇒ = × (b 2 − a 2 ) sin 2θ
conclusion of mean value theorem π dθ (a 2 + b 2 ) x − x 2
Hence, angle between the tangents is .
holds for the function f (x) = log e x 2
du 2
on the interval [1, 3] is [AIEEE 2007] 105 If x is real, then maximum value of For maxima and minima, put =0
dθ
(a) 2 log 3 e 3x 2 + 9x + 17 ∴ a 2 + b 2 = 2 (a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 sin2 θ)
1 is [AIEEE 2006]
(b) log e 3 3 x 2 + 9x + 7 and sin2θ = 0
2
(a) 41 (b) 1 ⇒ cos 2θ (b 2 − a 2 ) = 0 and sin2θ = 0
(c) log 3 e
17 1 ⇒ cos2θ = 0
(d) log e 3 (c) (d)
7 4 and θ=0
198 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
π dy − cos θ So, f (x) will be minimum at x = 2a.
⇒ 2θ = and θ = 0 ∴ =
2 dx sin θ i.e., q = 2a
π −1 Given, p2 = q ⇒ a 2 = 2a
⇒ θ= and θ = 0 ∴Slope of normal =
4 (− cosθ /sinθ) ∴ a =2
So, u 2 will be minimum atθ = 0 and will be
π Equation of normal at the given points is
maximum at θ = ⋅ sin θ 111 The two curves x 3 − 3xy 2 + 2 = 0
4 y − a sin θ = [x − a (1 + cos θ)]
∴ 2
u min = (a + b) 2 cos θ and 3x 2 y − y 3 − 2 = 0 [AIEEE 2002]
and u max = 2 (a 2 + b 2 )
2
It is clear that in the given options, (a) cut at right angle
Hence, u max − u min
2 2
= 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) − (a + b) 2 normal passes through the point (a , 0).
(b) touch each other
= (a − b) 2
109 The real number x when added to π
(c) cut at an angle
107 A function y = f (x) has a second its inverse gives the minimum value 3
of the sum at x equal to π
order derivative f ′ ′ (x) = 6(x − 1). If its (d) cut at an angle
[AIEEE 2003] 4
graph passes through the point (2,
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) –2 Ans. (a)
1) and at that point, the tangent to
Ans. (b)
the graph is y = 3x − 5, then the The equations of two curves are
1
function is [AIEEE 2004] Let f (x) = x + x 3 − 3xy 2 + 2 = 0 …(i)
x
(a) (x − 1) 2
(b) (x − 1) 3
1 and 3x 2 y − y 3 − 2 = 0 …(ii)
(c) (x + 1) 3 (d) (x + 1) 2 f ′ (x) = 1 − 2
x On differentiating Eqs. (i) and (ii) w.r.t. x,
Ans. (b) For maxima and minima, putf ′ (x) = 0 we get
Since, f ′ ′ (x) = 6 (x − 1) ⇒
1
1− 2 =0 ⇒ x = ± 1 dy x2 − y2
=
On integrating, we get x dx C 1 2 xy
2
f ′ (x) = 3 (x − 1) 2 + C …(i) Now, f ′ ′ (x) = 3 dy −2 xy
x and = 2
Also, at the point (2, 1), the tangent to dx C 2 x − y 2
graph is At x = 1, f ′ ′ (x) = + ve [minima]
and at x = − 1, f ′ ′ (x) = −ve Now,
y = 3x − 5 [maxima]
x 2 − y 2 −2 xy
dy dy
Slope of tangent = 3 Thus, f (x) attains minimum value at x = 1. × =
dx C 1 dx C 2 2 xy x 2 − y 2
⇒ f′ (2) = 3
∴ f ′ (2) = 3 (2 − 1) 2 + C = 3 [from Eq. (i)] 110 If the function = −1
⇒ 3+ C =3 f (x) = 2 x 3 − 9a x 2 + 12a 2 x + 1, where Hence, the two curves cut at right angle.
⇒ C =0 a > 0, attains its maximum and
minimum at p and q respectively, 112 The greatest value of
From Eq. (i),
f ′ (x) = 3 (x − 1) 2 such that p2 = q, then a is equal to f (x) = (x + 1) 1/3 − (x − 1) 1/3 on [0, 1] is
[AIEEE 2003] [AIEEE 2002]
On integrating, we get
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 1/2 (a) 1 (b) 2
f (x) = (x − 1) 3 + k …(ii) Ans. (c) (c) 3 (d) 1/3
Since, graph passes through (2, 1). Ans. (b)
Q f (x) = 2x 3 − 9ax 2 + 12a 2 x + 1
∴ 1 = (2 − 1) 2 + k
∴ f ′ (x) = 6x 2 − 18ax + 12a 2 Given that,
⇒ k =0
For maxima or minima, put f ′ (x) = 0 f (x) = (x + 1) 1 / 3 − (x − 1) 1 / 3
Hence, equation of function is
f (x) = (x − 1) 3 . ∴ 6 (x − 3ax + 2a ) = 0
2 2
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ x − 3ax + 2a = 0 1
2 2
1 1
108 The normal to the curve f ′ (x) = −
⇒ x 2 − 2ax − ax + 2a 2 = 0 3 (x + 1) 2 / 3 (x − 1) 2 / 3
x = a (1 + cos θ), y = a sinθ at θ always ⇒ x (x − 2a) − a (x − 2a) = 0
passes through the fixed point (x − 1) 2 / 3 − (x + 1) 2 / 3
⇒ (x − a)(x − 2a) = 0 =
[AIEEE 2004] 3 (x 2 − 1) 2 / 3
⇒ x = a , x = 2a
(a) (a , 0) (b) (0, a) Clearly, f ′ (x) does not exist at x = ± 1.
(c) (0, 0) (d) (a, a) Now, f ′ ′ (x) = 12 x − 18a
Now, put f ′ (x) = 0, then
Ans. (a) At x =a
(x − 1) 2 / 3 = (x + 1) 2 / 3
Given that, f ′ ′ (x) = 12a − 18a = − 6a
⇒ x =0
x = a (1 + cos θ), y = a sin θ So, f (x) will be maximum at x = a.
At x =0
On differentiating w.r.t.θ, we get i.e., p=a
f (x) = (0 + 1) 1 / 3 − (0 − 1) 1 / 3 = 2
dx dy Again, at x = 2a
= a (− sin θ) and = a cos θ Hence, the greatest value off (x) is 2.
dθ dθ f ′ ′ (x) = 24a − 18a = 6a
Integral Calculus 199
10
Integral Calculus
dx 2 x + 1
TOPIC 1 Ans. (3) 03 If ∫ = a tan − 1
sin x (x + x + 1)
2 3
2
Indefinite Integrals Let I = ∫ dx
sin x + cos3 x
3
2x + 1
1 tan x sec2 x + b 2 + C, x > 0where C is
01 The integral ∫ dx = dx x + x + 1
tan3 x + 1
4 (x − 1) (x + 2)
3 5
the constant of integration, then
Put tan x = t
is equal to (where C is a constant of the value of 9 ( 3 a + b) is equal to
⇒ sec2 x dx = dt
integration) [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
t dt t
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I]
I=∫ 3
t + 1 ∫ (t + 1)(t2 − t + 1)
1/ 4 5/ 4 = dt
3 x + 2 3 x + 2 Ans. (15)
(a) + C (b) +C
4 x −1 4 x −1 dx dx
Now,
t
=
A
+
Bt + C ∫ (x2 + x + 1)2 = ∫ 2
1/ 4 5/ 4 2
4 x −1 4 x −1 (t + 1)(t2 − t + 1) t + 1 t2 − t + 1 2
(c) + C (d) +C x + 1 + 3
3 x + 2 3 x + 2 ⇒ t = A (2 − t + 1) + (Bt + C)(t + 1) 2 2
Ans. (c) Comparing coefficients to both the sides
1 3
1 and solving them for A, B, C, we have Let x + = tanθ
∫ (x − 1) 3/ 4 (x + 2) 5 / 4 dx 1 1
A = − , B = ,C =
1 2 2
3 3 3 3
=∫
dx ⇒ dx = sec2 θ dθ
1 1 1 t+1
5/ 4 Hence,I = − ∫ dt + ∫ 2 dt 2
x + 2 3 t+1 3 t −t + 1
(x − 1)2 3
x − 1 sec2 θ dθ
1 3 2
(2t − 1) +
x+2
=t 1 1 2
= − ln (t + 1 ) + ∫ 2 2 dt
∴ ∫ 9
(tan2 θ + 1 )2
x−1 3 3 t −t + 1 16
(x − 1) − (x + 2) 1 1 8 sec2 θ dθ
⇒
( x − 1) 2
dx = dt = − ln (t + 1) + ln (t2 − t + 1)
3 6
=
3 3
∫ sec4 θ
1 dt 8
+ ∫ = ∫ cos θ dθ
3 2
⇒ − dx = dt 2 2
(x − 1)2 1
2
3 3 3
t − + 8 1 + cos 2θ
2
⇒
1 dt
− ∫
4 1
= . +C
2 =
3 3
∫ 2
dθ
3 t 5 / 4 3 t 1/ 4 1 1
= − ln (t + 1) + ln (t − t + 1)
2
1/ 4 3 6 4 sin 2θ
4 x − 1 = θ + +C
= +C 3 3 2
3 x + 2 1 2 2t − 1
+ ⋅ tan−1 2x + 1
+C
sin x 2 3 3 4 − 1 2x + 1 4
02 If ∫ dx = αlog e | = tan
+
3 +C
sin 3 x + cos 3 x 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 x + 1
2
= − ln (tan x + 1) + ln (tan2 x − tan x + 1) 1+
3 6 3
1 + tan x | + β log e | 1 − tan x + tan 2 x | 1 2 tan x − 1
tan−1 2x + 1 1 2x + 1
+ +C tan− 1
4
2 tan x − 1 = + +C
+ γ tan − 1 + C, when C is 3 3 3 3
3 3 (x2 + x + 1 )
3 −1
⇒ α = ,β = , γ =
1 1 4 1
3 6 3 ∴ a= ,b =
constant of integration, then the 3 3 3
value of 18 (α + β + γ 2 ) is −1 1 1
So, 18(α + β + γ ) = 18 + + = 3
2
Hence,9( 3a + b) = 9 + = 15
4 1
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] 3 6 3 3 3
200 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ e x f (x) = x 3 + x2 + 4f (x) − 36
2e x + 3 e − x 1 07 The integral
04 If ∫ −x
dx = (ux + v log e On putting x = 4,
(2x − 1)cos (2x − 1) 2 + 5
4e + 7 ex
14 e 4f (4) = 44 + 4f (4) ∫ dx is equal
(4e + 7 e − x )) + C, where C is a
x 44 4x 2 − 4x + 6
⇒ f (4) = 4
constant of integration, then u + v e − 4 to (where, c is a constant of
is equal to [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II] On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get integration) [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
Ans. (7) e x [f (x) + f ′ (x)] = 3x2 + 2x + 4f ′ (x) 1
−x
(a) sin (2 x − 1)2 + 5 + c
2e + 3e x
2e + 3 2x
f ′ (x) (e − 4) = 3x + 2x − e f (x)
x 2 x 2
I=∫ x dx = ∫ 2 x dx
4e + 7 e − x 4e + 7 44 1
⇒ f ′ (4) (e 4 − 4) = 48 + 8 − e 4 4 (b) cos (2 x + 1)2 + 5 + c
d 2
Let 2e2 x + 3 = A (4e2 x + 7) e − 4
dx 1
56(e 4 − 4) − 44e 4 (c) cos (2 x − 1)2 + 5 + c
+ B (4e2 x + 7 ) ⇒ f ′ (4) (e 4 − 4) = 2
⇒ 2e2 x + 3 = (8A + 4B) e2 x + 7 B e4 − 4 1
(d) sin (2 x + 1)2 + 5 + c
Comparing both sides 12e 4 − 224 2
f ′ (4) =
3 1 (e 4 − 4)2
B = and A = Ans. (a)
7 28
According to the question, (2x − 1) cos (2x − 1)2 + 5
1 3
(8e2 x ) + (4e2 x + 7 ) Let I = ∫ dx
α = 12, β = 4
4x2 − 4x + 6
∴ I = ∫ 28 7 dx So, α + β = 16
4e2 x + 7 (2x − 1) cos (2x − 1)2 + 5
π β − sin2 x =∫ dx
1
= ln|4e2 x + 7 | + x + C
3 06 If ∫ (sin x) e dx = α −
3
(2x − 1)2 + 5
28 7 0 e
1 (2x − 1)2 + 5 = z2
∫ t e dt, then (α + β) is equal to
1 3 t Putting
= ln| e (4e + 7 e − x )| + x + C
x x
28 7
0 ⇒ 2(2x − 1) × 2⋅dx = 2z dz
………… . [2021, 27 July Shift-II] 1
=
1 1 −x
x + ln |4e + 7 e | + x + C
x 3 ⇒ (2x − 1) dx = z dz
28 28 7 Ans. (5) 2
π 2 cos z 1
1 13 1 −x I = ∫ (sin3 x) e –sin x
dx ∴ I=∫ ⋅ z ⋅dz
= x + ln|4e + 7 e | + C
x
0 z 2
14 2 2
1 1
13 1 π 2 = ∫ cos z dz = sin z + c
⇒ u = and v = = ∫ (1 − cos2 x) sin x e − (1 − cos x)
dx 2 2
2 2 0
1
13 1 If f (x) = f (2a − x), then = sin (2x − 1)2 + 5 + c
∴ u+v= + =7 2a a
2
2 2
∫0 f (x) dx = 2∫ f (x) dx
0 Note You can also substitute
π /2 − (1 − cos 2 x )
05 Let f : [3, 5] → R be a twice I = 2∫
0
(1 − cos x) sin x e
2
dx (2x − 1)2 + 5 = z and then proceed.
differentiable function on (3, 5) Let cos2 x = t ⇒− 2cos x sin x dx = dt 5x 8 + 7 x 6
such that dt 08 If f (x) = ∫ dx, (x ≥ 0),
x ⇒ sinx dx = − (x 2 + 1 + 2x 7 ) 2
2 t
f (x) = e − x ∫ [3t 2 + 2t + 4f ′ (t)] dt. 1
3
1
= − 2∫ (1 − t) e t − 1
dt f (0) = 0 and f (1) = , then the value of
0 −2 t K
αeβ − 224 1 1 (1 − t) e t K is ………… . [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
If f ′ (4) = , then α + β is = ∫ dt
(eβ − 4) 2 e 0 t Ans. (4)
1 1 t 5x 8 + 7 x 6
e dt − ∫ t e t dt
1 1
e ∫0 t
equal to ……… .[2021, 27 July Shift-I] = Let I = ∫ dx
Ans. (16)
0 (x + 1 + 2x 7 )2
2
x 1 1 1
5x 8 + 7 x 6
f (x) = e − x = (2 t e ) 0 − 2∫0 t e dt − ∫0 t e dt
t 1 t t
=∫ dx
∫ [3t + 2t + 4f ′ (t)] dt
2
e x 14 (x −5 + x −7 + 2)2
3
1 1 t 5x 8 + 7 x 6
f (x) = e − x [t 3 + t2 + 4f (x)] x3 = 2e − 3 ∫ t e dt
e 0 x 14
=∫ dx
f (x) = e − x [(x 3 − 27) + (x2 − 9) 3 1 14 −5
+ x −7 + 2)2
= 2 − ∫ t e dt t x (x
+ 4 [f (x) − f (3)]] e 0
x 14
β 1
Now, f (3) = e −3 On comparing, α − ∫ t e t dt 5 x −6 + 7 x −8
3 e 0 ⇒ I=∫ dx
(x −5 + x −7 + 2)2
∫3 3t + 2t + 4 f ′ (t) dt = 0
2
⇒ α = 2 and β = 3
⇒ f (x) = e − x (x 3 + x2 + 4f (x) − 36) Putting x −5 + x −7 + 2 = z
∴ α + β =2+ 3= 5
Integral Calculus 201
⇒ − (5x −6 + 7 x −8 )dx = dz x2 + 1 Ans. (b)
Let tan−1 = t
I = − ∫ 2 = − + c
dz 1 x e 3log e (2 x ) + 5e2 log e (2 x )
∴ I=∫ dx
z −z
x2 − 1 e 4 log e (x ) + 5e 3log e (x ) − 7 e2 log e (x )
1 ⇒ dx = dt
⇒ I= +c (x 4 + 3x2 + 1)
3 2
x + x −7 + 2
−5 e log e (2 x ) + 5e2 log e (2 x )
=∫ dx
dt
I1 = ∫
4 3 2
x7 ∴ = log|t | + C 1 e log ex + 5e log e (x ) − 7 e log e (x )
⇒ f (x) = +c t
x2 + 1 + 2x 7 x2 + 1 [using property a log x = log x a ]
= log tan−1 + C 1 8x + 5(2x)2
3
Given, f(0) = 0 ⇒ c = 0 x =∫ 4 dx
x7 x + 5(x) 3 − 7 x2
∴ f (x ) = 2 1 1 (x2 + 1) − (x2 − 1)
x + 1 + 2x 7 I2 = ∫
2 ∫ x 4 + 3x2 + 1
log a x
dx = dx [using property a = x]
1 1 1 x 4 + 3x2 + 1
∴ f(1) = = = (given) 8x + 20 x
3 2
1+ 1+ 2 4 K 1 x2 + 1 1 x2 − 1 =∫ dx
= ∫
2 x + 3x + 1
4 2
dx − ∫ 4
2 x + 3x2 + 1
dx x 4 + 5x 3 − 7 x2
Hence,K = 4.
1 1 + 1 / x2 1 1 − 1 / x2 4x2 (2x + 5)
= ∫ 4 dx − ∫ 2 dx =∫ dx
09 For real numbers α, β, γ and δ, if 2 x + 3+ 1/x 2
2 x + 3 + 1 / x2 x (x2 + 5x − 7)
2
1 1 1 + 1 / x2 4(2x + 5)
x 2 + 1 I2 = = ∫ dx =∫ dx
(x 2 − 1) + tan −1
2 2 1
2
x2 + 5x + 7
x x − + 5
x
∫ x 2 + 1
dx 1
− ∫
1 − 1 / x2
dx
Let x2 + 5x − 7 = t, then (2x + 5)dx = dt
4dt
(x 4 + 3x 2 + 1) tan −1 I=∫
2
2 1 = 4log n t + c
x + + 1 t
x x
Put t = x2 + 5x − 7
1 x2 − 1 1
−1 x2 + 1
x 2 + 1 = tan − tan−1 + C2
I = 4log e | x2 + 5x − 7 | + c
= α log e tan −1
2 5 5x 2 x
x
x2 + 1 1 11 The value of the integral
I = log tan− 1 + tan− 1
γ (x 2 – 1) x 2 + 1 x 2 5 sinθ ⋅ sin2θ (sin6 θ + sin4 θ + sin2 θ)
+ β tan −1 + δ tan −1
x +C
x x2 + 1 1 x2 + 1
− tan− 1 + C 4 2
2 sin θ + 3 sin θ + 6
where C is an arbitrary constant, then 5x 2 x ∫ 1 − cos 2θ
dθ
the value of 10(α + βγ + δ) is equal x2 + 1
to……… . = α log e tan−1 + β tan−1
[2021, 16 March Shift-II] x
Ans. (6)
γ (x2 − 1) x2 + 1
− 1
x2 + 1 + δ tan−1 + C (given) is (where, c is a constant of integration)
(x − 1) + tan
2
x x [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
x 3
Let I=∫ dx 1 1 1 1
x2 + 1
− 1
∴α = 1, β = γ= and δ = − (a) [11 − 18 sin2 θ + 9 sin4 θ − 2 sin6 θ] 2 + c
(x + 3x + 1) tan
4 2
2 5, 5 2 18
x 3
∴Required value of 10(α + βγ + δ) 1
x2 − 1 (b) [9 − 2 cos6 θ 3 cos4 θ − 6 cos2 θ] 2 + c
⇒ I=∫ 1 1 10 + 1 − 5
dx = 10 1 + − = 10 18
x2 + 1
−1 10 2 10 3
(x + 3x + 1) tan
4 2
1
x =6 (c) [9 − 2 sin6 θ − 3 sin4 θ − 6 sin2 θ] 2 + c
18
1
+∫ 4 dx 3
x + 3x2 + 1 10 The integral 1
(d) [11 − 18 cos2 θ + 9 cos4 θ − 2 cos6 θ] 2 + c
Again let e 3log e 2x + 5e 2log e 2x 18
I1 = ∫
x2 − 1
dx ∫ e 4log e x + 5e 3log e x − 7 e 2log e x dx, Ans. (d)
x2 + 1 Let
(x 4 + 3x2 + 1) tan−1
x x > 0, is equal to (where, c is a sinθ⋅ sin2θ( sin6 θ + sin4 θ + sin2 θ)
constant of integration)
and I2 = ∫
dx 2 sin4 θ + 3 sin2 θ + 6
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] I =∫ dθ
x 4 + 3x2 + 1 1 − cos2θ
(a) log e | x2 + 5 x − 7 | + c
∴ I = I 1 + I2 …(i)
(b) 4 log e | x2 + 5 x − 7 | + c
(x − 1)
2
1
Now, I 1 = ∫ dx (c) log e | x2 + 5 x − 7 | + c Q sin2A = 2 sin A cos A
x2 + 1 4
(x + 3x + 1) tan−1
4 2
and 1 − cos2A = 2 sin2 A
x (d) log e x2 + 5 x − 7 + c
202 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
sinθ⋅2 sinθ (sin6 θ + sin4 θ + sin2 θ) 2
14 The integral ∫ dx
Now, according to question, x
cos x − sin x
2 sin4 θ + 3 sin2 θ + 6 ∫ 8 − sin2x dx x sin x + cos x
I=∫ dθ
2 sin2 θ sin x + cos x
is equal to (where C is a constant of
I = ∫ cosθ (sin θ + sin4 θ + sin2 θ)
6 = a sin−1 +c integration) [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
b
x tan x
2 sin4 θ + 3 sin2 θ + 6dθ t (sin x + cos x) (a) sec x − +C
⇒sin− 1 + c = a sin− 1 +c x sin x + cos x
3 b
= ∫ (t 6 + t 4 + t2 ) 2t 4 + 3t2 + 6 dt x tan x
sin x + cos x (b) sec x + +C
⇒ 1 sin− 1 +c x sin x + cos x
= ∫ (t 5 + t 3 + t) 2t 6 + 3t 4 + 6t2 dt 3
x sec x
− 1 sin x + cos x
= a sin
(c) tan x − +C
Let 2t 6 + 3t 4 + 6t2 = z +c x sin x + cos x
b
∴ dz = (12t 5 + 12t 3 + 12t) dt x sec x
(Qt = sin x + cos x ) (d) tan x + +C
∴ dz = 12(t 5 + t 3 + t) dt ∴ a=1 x sin x + cos x
b =3 Ans. (c)
1 1 z 3/ 2 Hence, (a, b) = (1, 3)
Now,
12 ∫ z dz = ×
12 3 /2
+c
Given integral I = ∫
x2
dx
x
−1 (x sin x + cos x)2
=
1 3/ 2
z +c 13 If ∫ sin dx = A(x) tan −1 ( x )
18 1+ x Q
d
(x sin x + cos x)
1 dx
= [2t 6 + 3t 4 + 6t2 ] 3/ 2 + c +B(x) + C, where C is a constant of
18
integration, then the ordered pair = x cos x + sin x − sin x = x cos x
1 x cos x
= [2 sin6 θ + 3 sin4 θ + 6 sin2 θ] 3/ 2 + c (A(x), B(x)) can be ∴ I = ∫ (x sec x) dx
18
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II] (x sin x + cos x)2
1
= [(1 − cos2 θ) {2(1 − cos2 θ)3 + 3 (a) (x − 1, x ) By integration by parts, we have
18 x cos x
(b) (x + 1, x ) I = x sec x ∫ dx
− 3 cos2 θ + 6}] 3/ 2 + c (x sin x + cos x)2
1 (c) (x + 1, − x )
= [(1 − cos2 θ) (2 cos4 θ (d) (x − 1, − x ) d x cos x
18 − ∫ (x sec x) ∫ dx dx
− 7 cos2 θ + 11) ] 3/ 2 + c (x sin x + cos x) 2
Ans. (c) dx
1
= [− 2 cos6 θ + 9 cos4 θ − 18 cos2 θ + 11] 3/ 2 The integral 1
18 +c = x sec x −
1 I = ∫ sin−1
x
dx (x sin x + cos x)
= [11 − 18 cos2 θ + 9 cos4 θ − 2 cos6 θ] 3/ 2 1+ x (x sec x tan x + sec x)
18
+c +∫ dx
Let x = tan2 θ ⇒ dx = 2 tanθ sec2 θdθ, (x sin x + cos x)
cos x − sin x
12 If ∫ dx tan2 θ
x sec x (x sin x + cos x)
x sin x + cos x ∫ (x sin x + cos x)
=− + sec2 xdx
8 − sin 2x So, I = ∫ sin−1 2 tanθ sec2 θdθ
1 + tan2 θ
x sec x
sin x + cos x = tan x − +C
= a sin − 1 + c, where tanθ x sin x + cos x
b = 2∫ sin−1 tanθ sec θdθ
2
secθ Hence, option (c) is correct.
c is a constant of integration, then −1
= 2 ∫ ( sin (sinθ)) tanθ sec θdθ 2
x
the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to 15 Let f (x) = ∫ dx (x ≥ 0). Then
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] = 2∫ θ tanθ sec θdθ 2
(1 + x) 2
(a) (3, 1) (b) (1, 3) By integration by parts f (3) − f (1) is equal to
(c) (− 1, 3) (d) (1, − 3) I = 2 [θ∫ tan θ sec2 θdθ [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
Ans. (b) d π 1 3 π 1 3
cos x − sin x − ∫ θ∫ tan θ sec2 θdθdθ (a) − + + (b) − + +
Given, ∫ dx dθ 6 2 4 12 2 4
8 − sin2x π 1 3 π 1 3
tan2 θ tan2 θ (c) + − (d) + −
sin x + cos x = 2 θ −∫ dθ
= a sin− 1 +c 2 2
6 2 4 12 2 4
b
Put, sin x + cos x = t Ans. (d)
= θ tan2 θ − ∫ ( sec2 θ − 1)dθ
Also, sin2 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x cos x = t2 It is given that,
= θ tan2 θ − tanθ + θ + C
⇒ 2 sin x cos x = t2 − 1 x
= x tan −1
x − x + tan −1
x +C f (x) = ∫ dx, (x ≥ 0)
⇒ sin2x = (t2 − 1) (1 + x)2
−1
= (x + 1) tan x − x +C
and (cos x − sin x) dx = dt Put x = tan2 t ⇒dx = 2 tant sec2 tdt
cos x − sin x dx = A (x) tan−1 x + B (x) + C [given] 2 tan2 t sec2 t
Now, ∫ dx = ∫ ∴f (x) = ∫ dt = ∫ 2 sin2 tdt
8 − sin2x So, (A (x), B (x)) = (x + 1, − x )
8 − (t2 − 1) sec4 t
Hence, option (c) is correct.
= ∫ (1 − cos2t)dt
= sin− 1 + c
dt t
=∫
9 − t2 3 [Q2 sin2 x = 1 − cos2x]
Integral Calculus 203
=t −
sin2t
+C 2 sinθ + 1 2 sinθ + 1 1 t2dt 1
2 ∫ t2
(a) (b) So, I=− = − ∫ dt
2 sinθ + 3 5 (sinθ + 3) 2
tant 5 (sinθ + 3) 5 (2 sinθ + 1)
So, = t − +C 1 1 1
1/ 3
1 + tan2 t (c) (d) = − t + C = − 6 + 1 + C
2 sinθ + 1 sinθ + 3 2 2 sin x
x
= tan−1 x − +C Ans. (d) 1
1+ x I = − cosec x (1 + sin x) + C ...(ii)
2 6 1/ 3
cosθ 2
3 Since,I = ∫ dθ
∴ f (3) − f (1) = tan−1 3 − + C 5 + 7 sinθ –2 cos2 θ On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
1+ 3 cosθ 1
=∫ dθ f (x) = − cosec2 x and λ = 3
1 3 + 7 sinθ + 2 sin2 θ 2
− tan−1 (1) − + C
π 1 π
1+ 1 Let, sinθ = t ⇒cos θ dθ = dt ∴ λf = 3 − cosec2
π 3 π 1 dt 1 dt 3 2 3
= − − + ∴ I=∫ 2 = ∫
3 4 4 2 2t + 7t + 3 2 7 3
t + t+
2 3 4
= − × = −2
π 1 3 2 2 2 3
+ − = 1 dt
12 2 4 = ∫ Hence, option (c) is correct.
Hence, option (d) is correct. 2 7 2 3 49
t + + – dx
4 2 16 19 The integral ∫ is
−x (e x + e −x ) (x + 4) (x − 3) 6/ 7 8/ 7
16 If ∫ (e 2x
+ 2e − e x
− 1)e dx 1
= ∫
dt
x −x 2 7 2 5 2 equal to (where C is a constant of
= g (x) e ( e + e ) + c, where c is a t + –
4 4 integration) [2020, 9 Jan Shift-I]
−1/ 7
constant of integration, then g(0) is 7 5 x − 3
t+ – (a) − +C
equal to [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I] 1
= ×
1
log e 4 4 + C' x + 4
(a) 2 (b) e 2 2 2× 5 t+ +
7 5 3/ 7
1 x − 3
(c) e (d) 1 4 4 4 (b) +C
1 2t + 1 2 x + 4
Ans. (a) = log e + C' 1/ 7
5 2t + 6 x − 3
Given, integral (c) +C
−x (e x + e − x ) 1 2 sinθ + 1 x + 4
I = ∫ (e 2x
+ 2e − e
x
− 1) e dx = log e + C, −13/ 7
5 sinθ + 3 1 x − 3
1 (d) − +C
Let e x = t ⇒dx =
dt
where C = C ′– log e 2 13 x + 4
t 5
1 = A log e | B (θ)|+ C [given] Ans. (c)
t + dt
So, I = ∫ t2 + 2t − − 1 e t
1 The given integral,
B (θ) 5(2 sinθ + 1)
t t ∴ = . dx
t + 1 A (sinθ + 3) I=∫
(x + 4) 8 / 7 (x − 3) 6 / 7
= ∫ t + 2 − 2 − e
1 1 t
dt cos x dx
t
t 18 If ∫ dx
1
t+ sin x (1+ sin 6 ) x) 2/ 3
3
(x + 4)2
= ∫ t − + 1 − 2 + 1 e
1 1 t =∫
dt 1/ λ
t t = f (x) (1 + sin x) + C
6 (x + 4) 8 / 7 (x − 3) 6 / 7
1
t+ where c is a constant of (x + 4)2
= ∫ (1 + t) 1 − 2 + 1 e
1 t
dt integration, then is equal to dx
t
t+ 1 t+ 1 [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] (x + 4)2
t
t 9 =∫
= ∫ (1 + t)(1 − 1 /t2 ) e dt + ∫ e dt (a) 2 (b) − x −3
6/ 7
8
t + 1
t + 1
t + 1
9 x + 4
= (1 + t) e t
− ∫ 1⋅ e t
dt + ∫ e t
dt (c) − 2 (d)
8 x −3 7
Now, let =t
t+
1
Ans. (c) x+4
x
+ e −x )
= (1 + t) e t
+ c = (1 + e x ) e (e +c
cos x (x + 4) − (x − 3)
x
+ e −x ) Given that ∫ dx ⇒ dx = 7t 6dt
= g (x) e (e +c [given] sin3 x (1 + sin6 x)2 / 3 (x + 4)2
∴ g (x) = 1 + e x = f (x)(1 + sin6 x) 1/ λ + C …(i) ⇒
7
dx = 7t 6dt
⇒ g(0) = 1 + 1 = 2 cos x (x + 4)2
Since,I = ∫ dx
cosθ sin3 x (1 + sin6 x)2 / 3 t 6dt
17 If ∫ dθ So, I=∫ = ∫ dt = t + C
I=∫
cos x t6
5 + 7 sinθ − 2cos 2 θ 2/ 3
dx
1/ 7
4 1 x −3
= Alog e | B(θ)| + C, where C is a sin x sin x 6 + 1
3
∴ I= +C
sin x x + 4
B(θ)
constant of integration, then 1 −6 cos x
A Let + 1 = t then
3
dx = 3t2dt Hence, option (c) is correct.
sin6 x sin7 x
can be [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
204 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
20 If for all real triplets (a, b,c), 1 −t 2 =∫
dx
Then, I=∫ dt = ∫ −1 + dt 2 /3
1+t 1+t x 7 6 + 1
1 1
f (x) = a + bx + cx 2 ; then ∫ f (x)dx is x
0 = − t + 2log e |1 + t | + C
equal to 1
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I] = − tanθ + 2log e |1 + tanθ| + C Now, put 6 + 1 = t 3
1 = λ tanθ + 2log e |f (θ)| + C (given)
x
(a) 2 3f (1) + 2 f 6
2 ∴ (λ, f (θ)) = (−1, 1 + tanθ) (on comparing) ⇒ − 7 dx = 3t2dt
x
1 1 Hence, option (c) is correct.
(b) f (0) + f 5x dx t2
3 2 sin ⇒ = − dt
x7 2
1 1 22 ∫ 2 dx is equal to
1
(c) f (1) + 3f x − t2dt
2 2 sin 2 1
2 So, I = ∫ = − ∫ dt
1 1 t2 2
(d) f (0) + f (1) + 4 f (where,C is a constant of
2 1/ 3
= − t + C = − 6 + 1 + C
6 1 1 1
integration) [2019, 8 April Shift-I] 2 2x
Ans. (d)
(a) 2 x + sin x + 2 sin2 x + C Qt 3 = 1 + 1
It is given thatf (x) = a + bx + cx2 , then (b) x + 2 sin x + 2 sin2 x + C
1 1
x6
∫0 f (x) dx = ∫0 (a + bx + cx ) dx (c) x + 2 sin x + sin2 x + C
2
1 1
(d) 2 x + sin x + sin2 x + C = − 2 (1 + x 6 ) 1 / 3 + C
1 2x
b c
= ax + x2 + x 3 Ans. (c)
2 3 0 = x ⋅f (x) ⋅ (1 + x 6 ) 1/ 3 + C [given]
5x 5x x On comparing both sides, we get
b c sin 2 sin cos
=a + + 2 2 2
2 3 Let I = ∫ dx = ∫ dx f (x) = − 3
1
x x x
6a + 3b + 2c sin 2 sin cos 2x
= 2 2 2
6 x
[multiplying by2 cos in numerator and 24 The integral ∫ sec 2/ 3 x cosec 4/ 3 x dx
Q f (0) = a, f (1) = a + b + c 2
1 denominator] is equal to (here C is a constant of
and 4f = 4a + 2b + c sin3x + sin2x integration)
2 =∫ dx
[2019, 9 April Shift-I]
1 6a + 3b + 2c sin x (a) 3 tan−1/ 3 x + C
∴ ∫ f (x) dx = (b) −3 tan−1/ 3 x + C
0 6 [Q 2sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A − B)
1 and sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A] (c) −3cot −1/ 3 x + C
= f (0) + f (1) + 4f
1
(3 sin x − 4 sin3 x) + 2 sin x cos x 3
6 2 =∫ dx (d) − tan−4 / 3 x + C
sin x 4
Hence, option (d) is correct.
[Qsin3x = 3 sin x − 4 sin3 x] Ans. (b)
dθ 2 4
21 If ∫ = = ∫ (3 − 4 sin2 x + 2 cos x) dx Let I = ∫ sec 3 x cosec 3 x dx
cos θ(tan2θ + sec2θ)
2
= ∫ [3 − 2(1 − cos2x) + 2 cos x] dx
λ tanθ + 2log e | f (θ)| + C where C is a [Q 2 sin2 x = 1 − cos 2x] =∫
dx
= ∫ [3 − 2 + 2 cos2x + 2 cos x] dx 2 4
constant of integration, then the = ∫ [1 + 2 cos2x + 2 cos x] dx cos3 x sin 3 x
ordered pair (λ ,f (θ)) is equal to dx
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
= x + 2 sin x + sin 2x + C
1
∫ 4
4 2
dx sin x 3
(a) (1, 1 + tanθ) (b) (1, 1 − tanθ) 23 If ∫ = xf (x)(1 + x 6 ) 3 +C cos 3 x cos3 x
cos x
(c) (−1, 1 + tanθ) (d) (−1, 1 − tanθ) x 3 (1 + x 6 ) 2/ 3
[dividing and multiplying by cos4 / 3 x
Ans. (c) where,C is a constant of integration, in denominator]
dθ then the function f (x) is equal to dx sec2 xdx
Given integral,I = ∫ =∫ = ∫
cos2 θ(tan2θ + sec2θ) [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
4 4
1 1 1 3 tan 3 x cos2 x (tan x) 3
sec θ cos2θ
2
(a) − (b) − (c) − (d)
=∫ dθ Now, put tanx = t ⇒sec x dx = dt 2
(sin2θ + 1) 6x 3 2x 3 2x2 x2 −4
+1
sec2 θ(1 − tan2 θ) Ans. (b) dt t3
=∫ dθ ∴ I = ∫ 4/ 3 = +C
(2 tanθ + 1 + tan2 θ) dx −4
Let I = ∫ t +1
x 3 (1 + x 6 ) 2 / 3 3
sec θ(1 − tanθ)
2
=∫ dθ 1 −3
1 + tanθ =∫
dx = −3 1 + C = 1
+C
2 /3
x 3 ⋅ x 4 6 + 1
Let, tanθ = t 1 t3 (tan x) 3
x
⇒ sec2 θdθ = dt −
1
= −3 tan 3 x+C
Integral Calculus 205
25 If ∫ e sec x So, I = ∫
3 sec2θ dθ
=∫
3 sec2θ dθ Let
r 1
= x and = dx [Q n→ ∞]
(3 tan θ + 3 )
2 2
3 sec θ 2 2 4 4 n n
(sec x tan x f (x) + (sec x tan x + sec 2 x)) Then, upper limit of integral is 1 and
1 1 1 + cos2θ
dx = e sec x f (x) + C, then a possible = ∫ cos θ dθ = ∫
2
dθ lower limit of integral is 0.
27 27 2 1
choice of f (x) is 1 + cos2θ
So, p = ∫ (1 + x) 1/ 3 dx
[ 2019, 9 April Shift-II] Qcos2 θ =
2 0
1 1 n r
(a) x sec x + tan x + 1 1 sin2θ
1
Q lim ∑ f = ∫ f (x) dx
54 ∫
2 = (1 + cos2θ) dθ = θ + +C → ∞
54 2 n n r =1 n 0
1
(b) sec x + tan x + 1
x − 1 1 2 tanθ 3 3 3 3
tan−1
2 1 = (1 + x) 4 / 3 = (24 / 3 − 1) = (2) 4 / 3 −
= + +C
(c) sec x + x tan x −
1 54 3 108 1 + tan2 θ 4 0 4 4 4
2
2 tanθ 2 2
(d) sec x − tan x −
1
Qsin2θ = 28 If ∫ x 5 e − x dx = g (x) e − x + C, where
2 1 + tan2 θ
Ans. (b) x − 1 C is a constant of integration, then
=
1 −1 x − 1 1 3 g (− 1) is equal to
Given, tan + +C
54 3 54 x − 1
2
1 +
[2019, 10 April Shift-II]
∫ e [(sec x tan x)f (x)
sec x
3 (a) − 1 (b) 1 (c) −
1
(d) −
5
+ (sec x tan x + sec2 x)]dx
x − 1 1 x−1 2 2
tan−1
1
=e sec x
⋅f (x) + C = + +C Ans. (d)
54 3 18 (x − 1)2 + 32 2
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we Let given integral,I = ∫ x 5 e − x dx
x − 1 1 x−1
tan−1
1
get = + 2 +C
54 3 18 x − 2x + 10 Put x2 = t ⇒2xdx = dt
e sec x [(sec x tan x)f (x) 1
+ (sec x tan x + sec2 x)] 1 −1 x − 1 3(x − 1) So, I = ∫ t2 e − t dt
= tan + +C 2
=e sec x
f ′ (x) + e sec x (sec x tan x)f (x) 54 3 x2 − 2x + 10
1
= [(− t2 e − t ) + ∫ e − t (2t) dt]
⇒ e sec x
(sec x tan x + sec2 x) = e sec x f ′ (x) It is given, that 2
⇒ f ′ (x) = sec x tan x + sec2 x x − 1
I = A tan−1
f (x)
+ 2 +C
[integration by parts]
So, f (x) = ∫ f ′ (x)dx 3 x − 2 x + 10 1
1 = [− t e + 2t (− e − t ) + ∫ 2e − t dt]
2 −t
= ∫ (sec x tan x + sec2 x)dx On comparing, we get A = and 2
54 1
= sec x + tan x + C f (x) = 3(x − 1). = [− t2 e − t − 2te − t − 2e − t ] + C
2
So, possible value off (x) from options, is
f (x) = sec x + tan x + .
1 27 e− t 2
=− (t + 2t + 2) + C
2 (n + 1) 1/ 3 (n + 2) 1/ 3 (2n) 1/ 3 2 2
lim 4/ 3 + + ... + e− x
dx n→ ∞ n n 4/ 3 n 4/ 3 =− (x 4 + 2x2 + 2) + C
26 If ∫ 2
[Qt = x2 ] …(i)
(x − 2x + 10) 2
2 is equal to
Q It is given that,
[2019, 10 April Shift-I]
x − 1 f (x) 2
I = ∫ x 5 e − x dx = g (x) ⋅ e − x + C
2
= A tan −1 + 2 + C, 4
(a) (2) 4 / 3
3 4/ 3 4
(2) −
3 x − 2x + 10 3
(b)
4 3 By Eq. (i), comparing both sides, we get
where, C is a constant of 3 3 4 3/ 4 1
(c) (2) 4 / 3 − (d) (2) g (x) = − (x 4 + 2x2 + 2)
integration, then 4 4 3 2
[2019, 10 April Shift-I] Ans. (c) 1 5
So, g(− 1) = − (1 + 2 + 2) = −
1 Let 2 2
(a) A = and f (x) = 9 (x − 1) (n + 1) 1/ 3 (n + 2) 1/ 3
27 + +… 2x 3 − 1
29 The integral ∫
4/ 3 4/ 3
1 p = lim n n dx is equal to
(b) A = and f (x) = 3 (x − 1) n→ ∞ (2 n) 1/ 3 x4 + x
81 + 4/ 3
1 n (here C is a constant of integration)
(c) A = and f (x) = 3 (x − 1) n
(n + r) 1/ 3
= lim ∑
54 [2019, 12 April Shift-I]
1 n→ ∞
r =1 n
4/ 3
1 | x3 + 1 |
(d) A = and f (x) = 9 (x − 1)2 (a) log e +C
54 1 + r
1/ 3 2 x2
n1 / 3 1 (x + 1)
3 2
Ans. (c) n
n +C
dx dx
= lim
n→ ∞
∑ n4 / 3
(b)
2
log e
| x3|
Let I = ∫ =∫ r =1
x3 + 1
(x2 − 2x + 10)2 ((x − 1)2 + 32 )2 1/ 3 (c) log e +C
1 n r
Now, put x − 1 = 3 tanθ ⇒dx = 3 sec θ dθ 2 = lim ∑ 1 + n
n r = 1
x
n→ ∞ | x3 + 1 |
(d) log e +C
Now, as per integration as limit of sum. x2
206 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (c) = t (cos 2 α) + (sin 2 α) log e | sint | + C 5x 8 + 7 x 6
Key Idea = (x − α) cos 2 α + (sin 2 α) log e | sin (x − α)| 32 If f (x) = ∫ dx, (x ≥ 0),
+C
(x 2 + 1 + 2x 7 ) 2
(i) Divide each term of numerator and
denominator by x2 . = A (x) cos 2 α + B (x) sin 2 α + C (given) and f (0) = 0, then the value of f (1) is
1 Now on comparing, we get [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
(ii) Let x2 + = t
A (x) = x − α and 1 1 1 1
x (a) − (b) − (c) (d)
B (x) = log e | sin (x − α)| 2 4 4 2
2x − 1
3
Let integral isI = ∫ dx Ans. (c)
x4 + x
31 For x 2 ≠ nπ + 1, n ∈ N (the set of 5x 8 + 7 x 6
2x − 1 / x2 We have,f (x) = ∫ dx
=∫ dx natural numbers), the integral (x + 1 + 2x 7 )2
2
1
x2 +
x 2 sin(x 2 − 1) − sin2(x 2 − 1) x8 x6
5 14 + 7 14
[dividing each term of numerator and ∫x 2 sin(x 2 − 1) + sin2(x 2 − 1)
dx
=∫
x x
denominator by x2 ] 2
dx
1 x2 1 2x 7
Put x2 + = t ⇒ 2x + − 2 dx = dt
1 7 + 7 + 7
is equal to (whereC is a constant of
x x x x x
integration ) [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
dt
∴ I = ∫ = log e | (t) | + C (a)
1
log e |sec(x2 − 1)| + C (dividing both numerator and
t 2 denominator by x 14 )
= log e x2 + + C
1 x2 − 1
x (b) log e sec +C 5x − 6 + 7 x − 8
2 =∫ dx
x +1
3
(x − 5 + x − 7 + 2)2
= log e +C 1
x (c) log e sec2 (x2 − 1) + C Let x− 5 + x− 7 + 2 = t
2
x2 − 1 ⇒ (− 5x − 6 − 7 x − 8 )dx = dt
30 Let α ∈(0, π /2) be fixed. If the 1
(d) log e sec2 +C
2 2 ⇒ (5x − 6 + 7 x − 8 )dx = − dt
integral
dt
tan x + tanα Ans. (b) ∴ f (x) = ∫ − 2 = − ∫ t −2dt
∫ tan x − tanα dx = A(x) cos2α + B (x) 2 sin(x2 − 1) − sin2(x2 − 1)
t
Let I = ∫ x dx t −2 + 1 t− 1
=− + C =− +C
sin2α + C, where C is a constant of 2 sin(x2 − 1) + sin2(x2 − 1) −2+ 1 −1
integration, then the functions x2 − 1 1 1
Put =θ = +C= +C
A(x) and B (x) are respectively 2 t x + x− 7 + 2
−5
[2019, 12 April Shift-II] ⇒ x2 − 1 = 2θ ⇒ 2x dx = 2 dθ x7
⇒ x dx = dθ = +C
(a) x + α and log e |sin(x + α )| 2x + x2 + 1
7
(b) x − α and log e |sin(x − α )| 2 sin2θ − sin4θ
Now, I = ∫ dθ Q f(0) = 0
(c) x − α and log e |cos (x − α )| 2 sin2θ + sin4θ 0
∴ 0= + C ⇒C =0
(d) x + α and log e |sin(x − α )| 2 sin2 θ − 2 sin2 θ cos2 θ 0+0+ 1
=∫ dθ
Ans. (b) 2 sin2 θ + 2 sin2 θ cos2θ x7
∴ f (x) =
tan x + tanα π (Qsin2A = 2 sin A cos A) 2x + x2 + 1
7
Let I = ∫ dx, α ∈ 0,
tan x − tanα 2 2 sin2θ(1 − cos2θ) 1 1
=∫ dθ ⇒ f(1) = =
sin x sin α 2 sin2θ(1 + cos2θ) 2(1) 7 + 12 + 1 4
+
cos x cos α 1 − cos2θ
=∫ dx =∫ dθ
sin x sinα 33 Let n≥ 2 be a natural number and
− 1 + cos2θ
cos x cos α π
2 sin2 θ
0 < θ < . Then,
sin x cos α + sin α cos x =∫ dθ 2
=∫ dx
sin x cos α − sin α cos x 2 cos2 θ 1
sin (x + α) [Q1 − cos2A = 2 sin A and
2 (sin n θ − sinθ) n cosθ
=∫
sin (x − α)
dx
1 + cos2A = 2 cos2 A] ∫ sin n + 1 θ
dθ is equal to
Now, put x − α = t ⇒dx = dt, so = ∫ tan2 θ d θ = ∫ tanθd θ (where C is a constant of
sin (t + 2α) integration)
I=∫ dt = log e | secθ | + C [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
sin t n+ 1
sin t cos 2 α + sin 2α cos t x2 − 1 n 1 n
=∫ = log e sec + C (a) 2 1 − n + 1 +C
sint
dt
2 n −1 sin θ
n+ 1
cost x2 − 1
= ∫ cos 2 α + sin 2 α dt Qθ = n 1 n
sint 2 (b) 2 1 + n − 1 +C
n −1 sin θ
Integral Calculus 207
n+ 1
1 e −4 t e −4 t x +1
n 1 n = t −∫ dt 36 If ∫ dx = f (x) 2x − 1 + C,
(c) 2 1 − n − 1 +C 3 −4 −4 2x − 1
n − 1 sin θ
n+ 1 [using integration by parts] where C is a constant of
n 1 n 1 te −4 t e −4 t
(d) 2 1 − +C = + +C
integration, then f (x) is equal to
n + 1 sinn − 1 θ 3 −4 −16 [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
Ans. (c) 1 2 1
= − e −4 t [4t + 1] + C (a) (x + 2) (b) (x + 4)
(sin θ − sinθ)
n 1/ n
cosθ 48 3 3
Let I = ∫ dθ 2 1
sinn + 1 θ
3
e −4 x (c) (x − 4) (d) (x + 1)
=− [4x 3 + 1] + C [Qt = x 3] 3 3
Put sinθ = t ⇒ cosθ dθ = dt 48
(t n − t) 1/ n Ans. (b)
∴ I=∫ dt ∴ f (x) = −1 − 4x 3
tn + 1 (comparing with given equation) We have,
n t
1/ n x+1
t 1 − n ∫ dx = f (x) 2x − 1 + C ...(i)
t 1− x2 2x − 1
=∫ dt 35 If ∫ dx = A(x)( 1 − x ) + C, 2 m
tn + 1 x+1
x4 Let I = ∫ dx
t ( 1 − 1 / t n − 1) 1 / n for a suitable chosen integer m and 2x − 1
=∫ dt
tn + 1 a function A(x), where C is a Put 2x − 1 = t2
( 1 − 1 / t n − 1) 1 / n constant of integration, then ⇒ 2dx = 2tdt
=∫ dt
tn (A(x)) m equals [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] ⇒ dx = tdt
Put
1
1− n−1 = u 1 −1 t2 + 1
(a) (b) +1
t 9x4 3x 3 I=∫ 2
1
tdt = ∫ (t2 + 3) dt
or 1 − t − (n − 1) = u −1 1 t 2
(n − 1) (c) (d)
⇒ dt = du 27x 9 27x 6 t2 + 1
tn Q2x − 1 = t ⇒ x =
2
dt du Ans. (c) 2
⇒ =
tn n − 1 We have, 1 t3 t
1 = + 3 t + C = (t2 + 9) + C
+1 23
u 1/ ndu 1 − x2 6
⇒ I=∫ =
un
+C ∫ x4
dx = A (x) ( 1 − x2 ) m + C … (i)
2x − 1
n− 1 (n − 1) + 1
1 = (2x − 1 + 9) + C [Qt = 2x − 1 ]
n 1 − x2 6
Let I = ∫ 4
dx
n+ 1 x 2x − 1
= (2x + 8) + C
n 1 − n − 1
1 n
x2 2 − 1
1 6
t
= +C x x+4
(n − 1) (n + 1) =∫ dx = 2x − 1 + C
n+ 1 x4 3
1 n 1 On comparing it with Eq. (i), we get
n 1 − n−1
x −1
θ x2 x+4
= sin +C =∫ dx f (x) =
n2 − 1 x4 3
Qu = 1 − 1 and t = sinθ =∫
1 1
− 1 dx 37 The integral ∫ cos (log e x) dx is
tn − 1 x 3 x2
1 −2 equal to (where C is a constant
1 Put − 1 = t2 ⇒ dx = 2tdt of integration) [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
5 −4x3 3
34 If ∫ x e dx = e −4x f (x) + C,
2 3
x x
48 x
⇒
1
dx = − tdt (a) [cos(log e x) + sin(log e x)] + C
x 3 2
where C is a constant of
t3 (b) x [cos(log e x) + sin(log e x)] + C
integration, then f (x) is equal to ∴ I = − ∫ t2dt = − +C
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] 3
3/ 2
(c) x [cos(log e x) − sin(log e x)] + C
(a) − 4 x 3 − 1 1 1 − x2 x
[sin(log e x) − cos(log e x)] + C
= − . 2 + C (d)
(b) 4 x 3 + 1 3 x 2
1
1/ 2
(c) − 2 x 3 − 1 Qt = 2 − 1 Ans. (a)
x
(d) − 2 x 3 + 1 Let I = ∫ cos(log e x)dx
1 1 1
Ans. (a) =− ( 1 − x 2 3
) + C …(ii) = x cos(log e x) − ∫ x (− sin(log e x)) ⋅dx
3 1 −4 x 3 3 x3 x
Given, ∫ x 5 e −4 x dx = e f (x) + C
48 On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get [using integration by parts]
In LHS, put x 3 = t 1 = x cos(log e x) + ∫ sin(log e x) dx
A (x) = − 3 and m = 3
⇒ 3x2dx = dt 3x = x cos(log e x) + x sin(log e x)
1 1
3 1
So, ∫ x 5 e −4 x dx = ∫ t e −4 tdt ∴ (A (x)) m = (A (x)) 3 = − − ∫ x (cos(log e x)) dx
3 27 x 9 x
208 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
[again, using integration by parts] Ans. (b) x 10
(b) +C
⇒ I = x cos(log e x) + x sin((log e x) − I We have, 2 (x 5 + x 3 + 1)2
x sin x ⋅ cos x
2 2
⇒ I = [cos(log e x) + sin(log e x)] + C I=∫ dx x5
2
(sin x + cos x ⋅ sin x
5 3 2 (c) +C
2 (x 5 + x 3 + 1)2
3x 13 + 2x 11
38 The integral ∫ dx is + sin3 x ⋅ cos2 x + cos5 x)2 − x 10
(2x 4 + 3x 2 + 1) 4 (d) +C
=∫
sin2 x cos2 x
dx
2 (x 5 + x 3 + 1)2
equal to (where C is a constant of {sin3 x (sin2 x + cos2 x) where, C is an arbitrary constant.
integration) [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] + cos3 x (sin2 x + cos2 x)}2 Ans. (b)
x4 sin2 x cos2 x 2x 12 + 5x 9
(a) +C =∫ dx Let I = ∫ dx
6 (2 x + 3x2 + 1) 3
4
(sin3 x + cos3 x)2 (x 5 + x 3 + 1) 3
x 12 sin2 x cos2 x 2x 12 + 5x 9
(b) +C =∫ dx =∫ dx
6 (2 x + 3x2 + 1) 3
4
cos6 x (1 + tan3 x)2 x 15 (1 + x − 2 + x − 5 ) 3
x4 tan2 x sec2 x 2x − 3 + 5x − 6
(c) +C =∫ dx =∫ dx
(2 x + 3x2 + 1) 3
4
(1 + tan x) (1 + x − 2 + x − 5 ) 3
3 2
12
x
(d) +C Put tan3 x = t Now, put 1 + x − 2 + x − 5 = t
(2 x + 3x2 + 1) 3
4
⇒ 3 tan2 x sec2 xdx = dt ⇒ (− 2x − 3 − 5x − 6 ) dx = dt
Ans. (b) 1 dt
∴ I= ∫ ⇒ (2x − 3 + 5x − 6 ) dx = − dt
3x 13 + 2x 11 3 (1 + t)2 dt
Let I = ∫ dx ∴ I = − ∫ 3 = − ∫ t − 3 dt
(2x 4 + 3x2 + 1) 4 −1 t
⇒ I= +C
3
+
2 3 (1 + t) t− 3+ 1 1
3
=− +C= 2 +C
=∫ x x5 −1 −3+ 1 2t
4
dx ⇒ I= +C
3 1 3 ( 1 + tan3 x) x 10
2 + 2 + 4 = +C
x x 2 (x + x 3 + 1) 2
5
40 Let I n = ∫ tan n x dx (n > 1). If
[on dividing numerator and denominator
by x 16 ] I 4 + I 6 = a tan 5 x + bx 5 + C, where C dx
3 1
42 The integral ∫ 3
equals
Now, put 2 + 2 + 4 = t is a constant of integration, then
x x the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to x (x2 4
+ 1) 4
−6 4
⇒ 3 − 5 dx = dt [JEE Main 2017] [JEE Main 2015]
x x 1/ 4
(a) − , 1 (b) , 0
1 1 x4 + 1
3 2 dt 5 5 (a) 4 + c (b) (x 4 + 1) 1/ 4 + c
⇒ 3 + 5 dx = − x
x x (c) , − 1 (d) − , 0
2 1 1 1/ 4
x4 + 1
− dt 1 t− 4 + 1 5 5 (c) − (x 4 + 1) 1/ 4 + c (d) − 4 +c
So, I = ∫ 4 = − × +C x
2t 2 −4+ 1 Ans. (b)
Ans. (d)
1
= 3 +C=
1
+C We have, I n = ∫ tann x dx
3 dx dx
6t 3
6 2 + 2 + 4
1 ∴ I n + I n + 2 = ∫ tann x dx + ∫ tann + 2 x dx ∫ 3
=∫ 3
x
x 5 1 + 4
x x2 (x 4 + 1) 4 1 4
1 = ∫ tann x (1 + tan2 x) dx
3 x
Qt = 2 + x2 + x 4 = ∫ tann x sec2 x dx
1 4
x 12 Put 1 + 4 = t 4 ⇒ − dx = 4t 3dt
= + C tann + 1 x x x5
6 (2x 4 + 3x2 + 1) 3 = +C
n+ 1 dx −t 3dt
tan5 x ⇒ = − t 3dt = ∫ 3
39 The integral Put n = 4, we get I 4 + I 6 = +C x5 t
sin 2 x cos 2 x 5 = − ∫ dt = − t + c
∫ (sin 5 x + cos3 x sin 2 x dx ∴
1
a = and b = 0
= − 1 + 4 + c
1 4
1
5
x
+ sin 3 x cos 2 x + cos 5 x) 2 2x 12 + 5x 9
41 The integral ∫
1
dx is 1 x+
(x 5 + x 3 + 1) 3 43 The integral ∫ 1 + x − e x is
is equal to [JEE Main 2018] x
1 −1
(a) + C (b) +C equal to [JEE Main 2016] equal to [JEE Main 2014]
3 (1 + tan3 x) 3 (1 + tan3 x) − x5 1 1
x+ x+
1 −1 (a) +C (a) (x − 1) e x +C (b) x e x +C
(c) +C (d) +C (x + x + 1)
5 3 2
1 + cot x 3
1 + cot 3 x x+
1
x+
1
(c) (x + 1) e x +C (d) − xe x +C
(where C is a constant of integration)
Integral Calculus 209
Ans. (b) Now, let us assume that Ans. (d)
1
1 + x − 1 e x + x dx 5 tan x sin x
I=∫ Let I = 2 ∫
∫ dx dx
π
x tan x − 2
sin x −
x+
1
x+
1 4
dx + ∫ x 1 − 2 e x dx
1 On multiplying by cos x in numerator and
=∫e x
π
x denominator, we get Put x − = t ⇒ dx = dt
5 sin x 4
x+
1
x+
1
x+
1 I=∫ dx
π
sin + t dt
d sin x − 2 cos x
=∫e x dx + x e x −∫ (x) e x
dx 4
This special integration requires special ∴ I= 2∫
1 1 1 sin t
x+ x+ x+
=∫e x dx + x e x −∫ e x substitution of type
dD r 1 1
N r = A (D r ) + B , A and B are = 2∫ cott + dt
x+
2
1 1
1 x+ dx 2
Q∫ x − 2 e x = e x
x constants. = log | sin t | + t + C
π
Let 5 sin x = A (sin x − 2 cos x) = x + logsin x −
1
x+ + C
= xe x +C + B (cos x + 2 sin x) 4
⇒ 0 cos x + 5 sin x = (A + 2B) sin x
44 If ∫ f (x) dx = ψ (x), then ∫ x 5f (x 3 )dx is dx
+ (B − 2A) cos x 47 ∫ cos x + 3 sin x
is equal to
equal to [JEE Main 2013] On comparing the coefficients of sin x [AIEEE 2007]
and cos x, we get
1 3
[x ψ (x 3) − ∫ x2 ψ (x 3) dx] + C 1 x π
(a) A + 2B = 5 and B − 2A = 0 (a) log tan + + C
3 2 2 12
On solving the above two equations in A
1 3
x ψ (x 3) − 3 ∫ x 3ψ (x 3) dx + C 1 x π
(b) and B, we get (b) log tan − + C
3 2 2 12
1 3 A = 1 and B = 2
(c) x ψ (x 3) − ∫ x 2 ψ (x 3) dx + C x π
⇒ 5 sin x = (sin x − 2 cos x) (c) log tan + + C
3 2 12
1 3 + 2 (cos x + 2 sin x)
(d) [x ψ (x 3) − ∫ x 3ψ (x 3) dx] + C 5 sin x x π
⇒I=∫ dx (d) log tan − + C
3
sin x − 2 cos x 2 12
Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
(sin x − 2 cos x) + 2 (cos x + 2 sin x)
=∫ dx dx
Given, ∫ f (x) dx = ψ(x) (sin x − 2 cos x) Now, ∫
Let I = ∫ x 5f (x 3) dx cos x + 3 sin x
sin x − 2 cos x
=∫ dx dx
sin x − 2 cos x =∫
Put x3 = t 1 3
(cos x + 2 sin x) 2 cos x + sin x
⇒ x2dx =
dt
…(i) + 2∫ dx 2 2
3 (sin x − 2 cos x)
π
= ∫ sec x − dx
d (sin x − 2 cos x) 1
1 1 = ∫ 1 dx + 2 ∫
∴ I = ∫ tf (t) dt = [t ψ(t) − ∫ ψ(t) dt] 2 3
3 3 (sin x − 2 cos x)
[using integration by parts] 1 x π π
= x + 2 log | (sin x − 2 cos x) | + k …(ii) = log tan − + + C
1 3 3 2 2 6 4
= [x ψ(x ) – 3 ∫ x2 ψ(x 3) dx] + C where, k is the constant of integration.
3 1 x π
[from Eq. (i)] Now, by comparing the value of I in Eqs. = log tan + + C
1 3 3 2 2 12
= x ψ(x ) − ∫ x ψ(x ) dx + C
2 3 (i) and (ii), we get
3 a =2 sin x
48 If ∫ dx = Ax
sin x dx sin (x − α)
45 f the integral 46 The value of 2 ∫ is
π + B log sin(x − α) + C, then the value
sin x −
5 tan x
∫ tan x − 2 dx = x + a log 4
of (A, B) is [AIEEE 2004]
(a) (sin α ,cos α )
[AIEEE 2008]
| sin x − 2 cos x | + k , then a is equal (b) (cos α ,sin α )
to π (c) (− sin α ,cos α )
[AIEEE 2012] (a) x − log cos x − + C
(a) –1 (b) –2 4 (d) (− cos α ,sin α )
(c) 1 (d) 2 π Ans. (b)
(b) x + log cos x − + C
Ans. (d) 4 Let I = ∫
sin x
dx
5 tan x sin (x − α)
Given Integral ∫ dx π
tan x − 2 (c) x − log sin x − + C Put x − α = t ⇒ dx = dt
4
5 tan x sin (t + α)
To find The value of ‘ a ’, if ∫ dx ∴ I=∫ dt
tan x − 2 π sin t
(d) x + log sin x − + C
4 sin t cos α + cos t sin α
= x + a log | sin x − 2 cos x | + k …(i) ⇒ I=∫ dt
sin t
210 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ I = cos α ∫ 1 dt + sin α ∫
cos t 1 dx ⇒| A | = (J7 , 3 − J4 , 3) (J8 , 3 − J5 , 3)
dt = ∫ π (J9 , 3 − J6 , 3)
cos x +
sin t 2
⇒ I = cos α (t) + sin α log sin t + C 1 4 1/ 2 x 7 − x 4 1/ 2 x 8 − x 5
=∫ dx ⋅ ∫ dx ⋅
⇒ I = cos α (x − α) + sin α log π 0 x3 − 1 0 x3 − 1
sec x + dx
1
sin (x − α) + C 1
=
2 ∫ 4 1/ 2 x 9 − x 6
∫0 x 3 − 1 dx
⇒ I = x cos α + sin α log sin (x − α) + C π x π
tan + +
log
1
= + C 1/ 2 4 1/ 2 5 1/ 2 6
[let C = − α cos α + C 1] 2 4 2 8 =∫ x dx ∫ x dx ⋅ ∫ x dx
0 0 0
But I = Ax + B log sin (x − α) + C 1 x 3 π
= logtan + + C
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
∴ x cos α + sin α log sin (x − α) + C x5 x6 x7 1
2 2 8 = ⋅ ⋅ =
= Ax + B log sin (x − α) + C 5
0
6 0
7 0
(210) 218
dx
On comparing both sides, we get 50 ∫ is equal to Now, | adj A − 1 | =
1
= ((210) ⋅218 )2
A = cosα and B = sinα x (x n + 1) [AIEEE 2002] | A |2
Alternate Solution 1 xn = 1052 ⋅238
(a) log n + C
Given that, n x + 1
52 The function f (x), that satisfies the
sin x 1 x n + 1
∫ sin (x − α) dx = Ax + B log sin (x − α) + C (b) log n + C condition
n x π /2
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we x
(c) log n + C
n f (x) = x + ∫ sin x ⋅ cosy f (y) dy, is
get 0
x + 1
sin x cos (x − α) [2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II]
=A+ B (d) None of the above 2
sin (x − α) sin (x − α) (a) x + ( π − 2) sin x
Ans. (a) 3
⇒ sin x = A sin (x − α) + B cos (x − α)
dx xn − 1 (b) x + ( π + 2) sin x
⇒ sin x = A (sin x cos α − cos x sin α) Let I=∫ =∫ n n dx
x (x + 1)
n
x (x + 1) π
+ B (cos x cos α + sin x sin α) (c) x + sin x
2
Put x n + 1 = t ⇒ nx n − 1 dx = dt
⇒ sin x = sin x (A cos α + B sin α) (d) x + (π − 2) sin x
1 dt 1 1 1
n ∫ t (t − 1) n ∫ t − 1 t
+ cos x (B cos α − A sin α) ∴ I= = − dt Ans. (d)
On comparing the coefficients of π /2
sin x and cos x both sides, we get
= log
1 t − 1
f (x) = x + ∫0 sin x ⋅ cos yf (y) dy
+C
A cos α + B sin α = 1 …(i) n t π /2
Let K =∫ cos yf (y) dy … (i)
and B cos α − A sin α = 0 …(ii) 1 xn 0
= log n +C Then, f (x) = x + K sin x … (ii)
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get n x + 1
From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
A = cos α, B = sin α
π /2
dx TOPIC 2
49 ∫ cos x − sin x is equal to f (x) = x + ∫0 sin x cos y (y + k sin y) dy
π /2
Definite Integrals = x + sin x ∫ y cos ydy
[AIEEE 2004] 0
1/ 2
1 x π x n k π /2
sin x ∫ sin2y dy+
(a)
2
log tan − + C
2 8 51 Let J n, m = ∫ xm −1
dx , ∀ n > m and 2 0
0 π ⋅2 k sin x
1 x f (x) = x + sin x ⋅ + … (iii)
(b) log cot + C n, m ∈ N. Consider a matrix 2 2
2 2
A = [a ij ] 3 × 3 where From Eqs. (ii) and (iii),
1 x 3π
(c) log tan − + C J −J , i≤ j k=
π −2 k
+
2 2 8 a ii = 6 + i , 3 i + 3, 3 . Then, 2 2
0, i> j
1 x 3π ⇒ k = π −2
(d) log tan + +C | adj A −1 | is
2 2 8 [2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II]
∴ f (x) = x + ( π − 2) sin x
(a) (15)2 × 2 42 (b) (15)2 × 2 34
Ans. (d)
(c) (105)2 × 2 38 (d) (105)2 × 2 36 53 Let [t] denote the greatest integer
dx
Let I = ∫ Ans. (c) ≤ t. Then the value of
cos x − sin x
a 11 a 12 a 13 1
1 dx A = 0 a22 a23 8 ⋅ ∫ ([2x] + | x |) dx is
=
2 ∫ 1 1
cos x − sin x 0 0 a 33 −
1
2 2 2
⇒| A | = a 11a22a 33 [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
Integral Calculus 211
Ans. (5) −2 πx
1 16 log e x 2
1
=π 2
π
cos
2 0
+ π2 57 ∫6 log e x 2 + log e (x 2 − 44x + 484)
dx
8 ∫ ([2X] + X dx 2 πx
2
−1 / 2
( x − 1) − cos is equal to [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I]
1 π 2 1
= − ≤ x 0 ⇒[2x] = − 1 2 2 π x
(a) 6 (b) 8
2 + π2 ∫ cos dx (c) 5 (d) 10
1 π 2
1
0 ≤ x < ⇒[2x] = 0 2 Ans. (c)
2 π2 2 πx
= π2 +
2 2
(1 − 0) + 2 π ⋅ sin 16 lne (x2 )
1
≤ x < 1 ⇒[2x] = 1 π π π 2 1
Let I = ∫ dx
2
6 lne (x2 ) + lne (484 − 44x + x2 )
= 2 π + 2 π + 4(0 − 1) = 4 π − 4 = 4( π − 1)
0 1/ 2 1 16 lne (x2 )
=∫
I= ∫ (− 1 − x) dx + ∫ (0 + x)dx + ∫ ( 1 + x) dx 56 If 6 lne (x ) + lne (22 − x)2
2
dx
−1 / 2 0 −1 / 2 2 n
x2 x2
0 1/ 2
x2
1
1 22 n2 16 2 lne x dx
= − x − + + x + U n = 1 + 2 1 + 2 … 1 + 2 , =∫
2 −1 / 2 2 0 2 1/ 2 n n n 6 2 lne x + 2 lne (22 − x)
−4 16 lne x dx
1 1 1 1 1 1 I=∫ ...(i)
= − − + + 1 + − + 2
then lim (U n ) n is equal to 6 lne x + lne (22 − x)
2 8 8 2 2 8 n→ ∞
5 b b
=
8
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] Q ∫a f (x)dx = ∫a f (a + b − x)dx
(a) e2 /16 (b) 4/ e 16 lne (22 − x)
5 ∴ I=∫
∴ 8I = 8. = 5 (c) 16 / e2 (d) 4 / e2 dx ...(ii)
8 6 lne (22 − x) + lne x
Ans. (a)
x −4 Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
54 If x φ (x)= ∫ (3t 2 − 2φ′ (t) dt, x > − 2, Let y = lim (U n )n
2
2I = ∫
16 ln x + ln (22 − x)
e e
dx
n→ ∞ 6 ln x + ln (22 − x)
5 e e
and φ(0) = 4, then φ(2) is y = lim 16 16
n→ ∞ 2I = ∫ dx = x 6 = 10
⋅3
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] −4 −4 −4
⋅2 6
1 n2 22 n 2 32 n 2
Ans. (4) 1 +
2
1 + 2
1 + 2
... or I=5
x n n n
x φ(x) = ∫ 3t2 − 2φ′ (t) dt
Taking log on both sides, we get
58 The value of the integral
5 1
x dx
⇒ xφ (x) = [t 3
− 2φ(t)] 5x n
−4
ln y = lim ∑ 2 ⋅ r ln 1 + 2
r2 ∫ (1 + x) (1 + 3x) (3 + x) is
⇒ x φ (x) = (x 3 − 125) − 2[φ (x) − φ(5)] n→ ∞
r =1 n n 0
Now, φ(0) = 4 [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
Now, replace lim Σ → ∫
⇒ 0 = − 125 − 2 [4 − φ( 5)] n→ ∞ π 3 π 3
r 1 (a) 1 − (b) 1 −
⇒ φ(5) = 133 /2 → x, → dx 8 2 4 6
For φ(2), n n
Lower limit = 0 π 3 π 3
133 (c) 1 − (d) 1 −
⇒ 2 φ (2) = (8 − 125) − 2 φ(2) −
2 Upper limit = 1 8 6 4 2
⇒ 4 φ(2) = 16 ⇒ φ(2) = 4 ∴
1
ln y = ∫ − 4x ln(1 + x2 )dx Ans. (a)
0
1 x dx
55 If [x] is the greatest integer ≤ x, Let 1 + x2 = t Let I = ∫
0 (1 + x) (1 + 3x) (3 + x)
2 dt
πx
then π 2 ∫ sin (x − | x |) [x] dx is
⇒ xdx = Put x = t ⇒x = t2
2
2 or dx = 2t dt
0 When x→ 0, t → 1 1 2t2dt
equal to and x → 1, t → 2 ∴ I=∫ 2
0 (t + 1) (3t2 + 1) (t2 + 3)
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] 2
∴ ln y = ∫ − 2 ln t dt 1 (3t + 1) − (t2 + 1)
2
(a) 2 (π − 1) (b) 4 (π − 1) 1 =∫ dt
(c) 4(π + 1) (d) 2 (π + 1) = − 2(t ln t − t)21
0 (t2 + 1) (3t2 + 1) (t2 + 3)
Ans. (b) = − 2(2 ln 2 − 2 + 1) 1 1 1
=∫ 2 − 2 dt
πx 2
= − 2(2 ln 2 − 1) 0 ( t + 3) (t2 + 1 ) + 2
+
I = π ∫ sin (x − [x]) [x] dx
2
( t 3) ( 3t 1)
0 2 1
⇒ ln y = ln + 2 1 1 1 3 1
1 πx 16 =∫ 2 − 2 − + dt
= π2 ∫ sin x 0 dx 0 2(t + 1) 2 ( + 3) 8 (3 2
+ 1) 8 ( 2
+ 3)
0 2 1 t t t
⇒ y = e2
1 13 1 3 dt
2 πx 16 =∫
dt
=∫
dt
−∫
+ π2 ∫1 sin (x − 1) dx
2 0 2(t + 1)
2 0 8 (3t + 1)
2 0 8 (t2 + 3)
212 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
1
1
3 3 Ans. (b) π
1
= tan−1 t − tan−1 3t 2 1 + sin 2 x
2 0 8 3 0 1 2 n − 1 n2
3 t
1
lim ∑
n→ ∞ n r = 0 n2 + 4r2
62 The value of ∫π 1 + π sin x dx is
− tan−1 −
8 3 30 1 2n −1 1
= lim ∑ 2
2
n → ∞ n r =0
1 + 4
π 3 π 3 π π 3π r [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
= − − = − n π 5π 3π 3π
8 8 3 8 6 8 16 2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
1
π 3 =∫ dx 2 4 4 2
= 1 − 1 + 4x2
2 Ans. (c)
8 0
1 1 π
= [tan−1 2x]20 = tan−1 4
59 The value of 2 2 2
1 + sin2 x
1/ 2 2 2
1/ 2 I= ∫ 1 + π sin x
dx …(i)
x + 1 + x − 1 − 2 dx is π
∫ x − 1 x + 1 61 If the value of the integral
5 x + [x]
−
2
−1 2 −1
[2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
∫0 e x − [x] dx = αe + β, where I=∫
π /2 1 + sin2 (− x)
1 + π sin(− x )
– π /2
(a) log e 4 (b) log e 16 α, β ∈R, 5α + 6β = 0 and [x] denotes b b
the greatest integer less than or Q∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x) dx
(c) 2 log e 16 (d) 4 log e (3 + 2 2 ) a a
Ans. (b) equal to x, then the value of π / 2 1 + sin x
1 (α + β) 2 is equal to : =∫ dx
1/ 2 – π / 2 1 + π − sin x
2 x + 12 x − 1 2 [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
π
− 2
Let I = ∫ x −1
+
x + 1
dx (a) 100 (b) 25 2
π sin x (1 + sin2 x)
−1
2
(c) 16 (d) 36 I= ∫ 1 + π sin x
dx …(ii)
1 π
1
Ans. (b) −
2 2
5
2 x + 1 x − 1 2 x + [x]
I = ∫ − I=∫ dx = α e −1 + β Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
dx e x − [x] π
x − 1 x + 1
−1 0
2
1 2 3 (1 + π sin x ) (1 + sin2 x)
2
1 I=∫
x x+ 1 x+2
dx + ∫ x − 1 dx + ∫ x −2 dx
2I = ∫ (1 + π sin x )
dx
e x
e e −π
2 0 1 2
x+ 1 x−1 2
= ∫ −
x−1 x+ 1
dx 4
x+3
5
x+4 π
−1 + ∫e x −3
dx + ∫ e x − 4 dx 2
⇒ 2I = ∫ (1 + sin
2
2 3 4 x) dx
1 Let I =I 1 + I2 + I 3 + I 4 + I 5 −π
2 2 2 π
(x + 1)2 − (x − 1)2 x+ 1 π
= ∫ (x − 1) (x + 1)
dx Here, I2 = ∫
e x −1
dx Put x = t + 1
⇒ 2I = [x] −2 π
2
+ 2 ∫ sin2 x dx
−1 1
2 ⇒ dx = dt 2 0
1 1
t+2
1
t
1
2 [Qsin2 x is an even function, so
2 =∫ dt = ∫ dt + ∫ dt π /2 π /2
∫ sin dx = 2∫ sin xd x]
4x 2 2
= ∫ (x − 1)(x + 1)
dx 0
et 0
et 0
et −π / 2 π 0
−1 1 2
I2 = I 1 + 2∫ e −t
dt = I 1 + 2(1 − e ) −1 1 π π 1
2
1 1 ⇒ I = − − + ∫ (1 − cos2x) dx
2 2 Similarly, 0 2 2 2 2 0
x −2x
= 2⋅4 ∫ dx = 4 ∫ 2 dx I 3 = I 1 + 4 ( 1 − e −1 )
π
(x − 1)(x + 1) x −1 π 1 sin2x 2
0 0 ⇒ I = + x−
1 I 4 = I 1 + 6 ( 1 − e −1 ) 2 2 2 0
= −4 [log (x2 − 1)] 0 2 I 5 = I 1 + 8 ( 1 − e −1 ) π 1 π
+ − 0 − (0 − 0)
1 I = I 1 + I2 + I 3 + I 4 + I 5 2 2 2
= − 4 log − 1 − log | − 1 | π π 3π
2 = 5I 1 + (2 + 4 + 6 + 8) (1 − e −1) ⇒ I= + =
2 4 4
1 = 5I 1 + 20 (1 − e −1)
= − 4 log = 4 ln2 = ln 16 1 63 Let the domain of the function
2 I 1 = ∫ xe − 1dx = − [e − x (x + 1)] 10
2n − 1 2
0
f (x) = log 4 [log 5 (log 3 (18x − x 2 − 77))]
60 The value of lim
1
Σ 2
n
is = 1 − 2e − 1
be (a, b).
n→ ∞ n r = 0 n + 4r 2 ∴5I 1 + 20 (1 − e − 1) = 5 (1 − 2e − 1)
+ 20 (1 − e − 1)
Then the value of the integral
[2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I] b
= 25 − 30 e − 1 sin 3 x
1
(a) tan−1 (2)
2
1
(b) tan−1 (4)
2 ∴ α = − 30, β = 25
∫ [sin 3 x + sin 3 (a + b − x)] dx is
a
−1 1 Also it satisfy 5α + 6β = 0
(c) tan (4) (d) tan−1 (4) equal to …………
4 Now, (α + β)2 = (−30 + 25)2 = (−5)2 = 25 [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
Integral Calculus 213
1 π
Ans. (1) n
and ∑ by ∫ , 4
(1 + tan2 x) sec2 x
log 4 [log 5 {log 3 (18x − x − 77)}]
2
j =1 0
⇒ I=∫ dx
⇒ log 5 [log 3 (18x − x2 − 77)] > 0 1 0
1 + tan4 x
2x + 8
⇒ log 3 (18x − x2 − 77) > 5 =∫ dx Let tan x = t
2x + 4
⇒ (18x − x2 − 77) > 3 0
sec2 x dx = dt
1
⇒ x2 − 18x + 80 < 0 4 π
= ∫1+ dx When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = ,t = 1
⇒ (x − 8) (x − 10) < 0 0
2x + 4 4
1
⇒ 8 < x < 10 ⇔a < x < b
1 1 + t2
4
= x + log e (2x + 4) ⇒ I=∫ dt
b
sin3 x 2 1 + t4
I=∫ dx …(i) 0 0
a
sin3 x + sin3 (a + b − x) = (1 + 2log e 6) − (0 + 2log e 4) 1 1+
1
b b 3 ⇒ I=∫ t2 dt
= 1 + 2 log e
Using ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (a + b − x)dx 2 0t
2
+
1
a a t2
b
sin3 (a + b − x)
65 The value of the definite integral 1+ 2
1
I=∫ dx …(ii) π 1
sin3 (a + b − x) sin3 x 4 =∫ t dt
dx 2
∫ 0 t − 1 + 2
a
is equal to
(1 + e x cos x
) (sin4 x + cos4 x)
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii),
−
π t
b
sin3 x 4 1
2I = ∫ dx [2021, 27 July Shift-I] Let t− =u
sin x + sin3 (a + b − x)
3
t
a π π
(a) −
⇒ 1 + 2 dt = du
b (b) 1
sin3 (a + b − x) 2 2 2
+ ∫ sin3 x + sin3 (a + b − x) dx π π
t
a (c) − (d) When t = 0, u → − ∞
b 4 2
⇒ 2I = ∫ 1 dx ⇒ 2I = [x] ba ⇒ 2I = [b − a] When t = 1, u = 0
Ans. (b) 0
du
π I= ∫
a
b −a 4 u2 + 2
∴ I= dx −∞
2 I= ∫ (1 + e x cos x ) (sin4 x + cos4 x)
...(i)
0
−
π 1 − 1 u
As b = 10 ⇒ a = 8 = tan
2
4
2 − ∞
10 − 8 b b
So, I = =1 Using ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (a + b − x)dx
2 1 π π
= 0 − − 2 = 2 2
1 n (2 j − 1) + 8n
64 The value of lim ∑
a a
is π
2
n→ ∞ n j = 1 (2 j − 1) + 4n 4
dx
equal to [2021, 27 July Shift-I] I= ∫ (1 + e − x cos x ) (sin4 x + cos4 x)
66 The value of the definite integral
5π
π
3
(b) 2 − log e
2 −
(a) 5 + log e 4 24
2 3 dx
π
4
∫ 1 + 3 tan2x
is
3 x cos x
(c) 3 + 2log e
2 e dx π
3
(d) 1 + 2log e
2
I= ∫ (1 + e x cos x ) (sin4 x + cos4 x)
...(ii) 24 [2021, 25 July Shift-I]
π
− π π π π
Ans. (d) 4 (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 12 18
1 n (2 j − 1) + 8n Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii),
lim
n→ ∞
∑
n j = 1 (2 j − 1) + 4n
π
4
Ans. (c)
(1 + e x cos x )dx 5π
On dividing both numerator and
2I = ∫ (1 + e x cos x ) (sin4 x + cos4 x)
24
dx
denominator by n, −
π
4
Let I = ∫ 1 + 3 tan2x
π
2 − + 8
j 1 π
24
1 n n n 4
lim ∑ dx b b
n→ ∞ n
j = 1 2
j 1
⇒ 2I = ∫ sin4 x + cos4 x Q ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (a + b − x)dx
− +4 −
π
n n 4
a a
1 π 5π
Now, lim = 0 4 24
n→ ∞ n dx dx
⇒ 2I = 2 ∫
sin x + cos x
4 4
= ∫ 3
2 + 8
j π
π 2
n 1 + tan2 − x
0
1 n
So, ∑ lim
24
1 4
j = 1 n n→ ∞ j
+
∴ 4 is an even function
2 4 sin x + cos x
4
5π
n 24
π dx
j
Now, replacing by x, by dx
1 4
sec4 x
I= ∫ 1 + 3 cot2x
n n ⇒ I=∫ dx π
0
tan4 x + 1 24
214 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
5π Ans. (a) −4 π 3 − π + π
24 3 100 π
= (e −1 − 1)
tan2x sin2 x απ 3 4π + 1
2
= ∫ 1 + 3 tan2x ∫ dx = , α ∈R
π x − x
1 + 4 π2 4π3 4(1 − e −1) π 3
0 π π = − (e −1 − 1) 2 =
1
24 e
5π 100 π 4π + 4 π2 + 1
sin2 x
24
1 + 3 tan2x ∫ dx π3
50 (A − B) = 200 (1 − e −1) 2
∫
x
⇒ 2I = dx
1
0 π
π 1 + 3 tan2x e 4π +
24 sin2 x
If f (x) = ∴ α = 200 (1 − e −1)
5π x
π
⇒ 2I = ∫ 1dx = [x] 24
π
e
69 The value of the integral
24 sin2 (x + π) sin2 x 1
f (x + π) = =
⇒ 2I =
4π
24 e
x + π
π
e
x
π ∫ log e ( 1 − x + 1 + x )dx is equal to
−1
π
π sin2 x [2021, 20 July Shift-I]
∴ I= 100 ∫ x dx
12 1 π 3 π
0
eπ (a) log e 2 + − (b) 2 log e 2 + −1
π −x 2 4 2 4
67 The value of the integral ⇒ 100 ∫ e π sin2 xdx π π 1
1 (c) log e 2 + − 1 (d) 2 log e 2 + −
∫ log(x + x + 1)dx is
2 0 2 2 2
π −x
−1 1 − cos2x Ans. (c)
⇒ 100 ∫ e π
dx 1
[2021, 25 July Shift-II] 2
(a) 2 (b) 0
0
π −x
∫ log e ( 1− x + 1 + x )dx
−1
(c) −1 (d) 1 ⇒ 50 ∫ eπ (1 − cos2x)dx a a
Ans. (b)
π −x
0
−x
∫ f (x) dx = 2∫ f (x)dx, if f (− x) = f (x)
1 −a 0
Let I = ∫ log(x + x2 + 1)dx ⇒ 50 ∫ e{π − e π cos2xdx
−1 A 142 4
3 1
0 B So, 2∫ log e ( 1 − x + 1 + x )dx
Let f (x) = log(x + x2 + 1) π
−x 0
π −x e −1 − 1
Now, f (− x) = log(− x + x2 + 1) e π 1
A = ∫ e dx =
π
= −1 I = 2∫ log e ( 1 − x + 1 + x ) ⋅ 1 dx
−1
x2 + 1 + x 0
= log ( x2 + 1 − x) × 0 π
0
π
x2 + 1 + I
x = − π (e −1 −1) ⇒ = [log e ( 1 − x + 1 + x ) ⋅ x] 10
2
x2 + 1 − x2 Using, 1 1
= log e ax 1
−
∫ e cosbxdx = a2 + b2 (a cosbx + b sinbx) 2 1+ x 2 1− x
ax
x2 + 1 + x −∫ ⋅ x dx
1− x + 1+ x
1 π −1
x 0
= log
π 1 1− x − 1+ x
1
x + x2 + 1 B =∫e cos2xdx ⇒
I
= log e 2 − ∫
2 2 0 1 − x + 1 + x
0
π
= log 1 − log(x + x2 + 1) −x
x
dx
eπ −1 1 − x2
= − log(x + x2 + 1) = cos2x + 2 sin2x ⇒
I
= log e 2 −
1
4 + 1 π 2 2
⇒ f (− x) = − f (x) π2 0 1 (1 − x) + (1 + x) − 2 1 − x2
Qlog (x + x2 + 1) is an odd function,
∫ x
dx
e −1 −1 1 −1 ( 1 − x) − ( 1 + x) 1 − x2
1
∴∫ log (x + x2 + 1)dx = 0 =
− 0
−1
4 + 1
π 4 + 1 π 1
1 2(1 − 1 − x )
2
I
100 π 2
sin x απ 3 π2 π2 ⇒
2
= log e 2− ∫
20 − 2x
∫ dx = , α ∈R, x
68 If e −1 − 1 ⋅ dx
x x
1 + 4π 2 B=
− − 1 − x2
π 4 + 2
0 π π 1
e π 1
1
1
= log e 2 + ∫ − 1 dx
I
where [x] is the greatest integer ⇒
∴ A −B 2
20 1− x 2
less than or equal to x, then the
value of α is −1
(e −1 − 1) ⇒
I 1 −1
= log e 2 + [sin x − x] 0 1
[2021, 22 July Shift-II] ⇒ [−π (e − 1)] − 2 2
−π 4 + 1
(a) 200(1 − e −1) π2
I 1 π
⇒ = log e 2 + − 1
(b) 100(1 − e) 2 2 2
π (e −1 − 1)
(c) 50(e − 1) = −π (e −1 − 1) + π
(4 π2 + 1) ∴ I = log e 2 + − 1
(d) 150 (e −1 − 1) 2
Integral Calculus 215
π π /2
70 Let a be a positive real number π 1
a
such that ∫ e x − [x] dx = 10e − 9,
2 ⇒ g (1) = ∫ cosf (x)dx
= ∫ (− 2)dx = − 2x] − π 2
2
−π / 2
0
π 2 π /2
−
where [x] is the greatest integer
less than or equal to x. Then, a is
2
[Q[− x] + [x] = −1, if x ∉1]
⇒ 2 g (1) = ∫ cosf (x)dx
−π / 2
equal to [2021, 20 July Shift-I]
π π π /2
2I = (− 2) + (2) − = − 2 π
(a) 10 − log e (1 + e) 2 2 and g (0) = ∫ cosf (x) dx
(b) 10 + log e 2 −π / 2
⇒ I=− π ∴ 2 g (1) = g (0)
(c) 10 + log e 3
(d) 10 + log e (1 + e)
72 If f : R → R is given by f (x) = x + 1 , 74 Let f (x) and g (x) be two functions
Ans. (b)
a then the value of satisfying f (x 2 ) + g (4 − x) = 4x 3 and
x − [x ]
∫e dx = 10 e − 9 1 5 10 5(n − 1)
lim f (0) + f + f +....+f
g (4 − x) + g (x) = 0, then the value of
4
n n
0
n→∞ n n
Let x = I + f and n ≤ a < n + 1
is
∫ ∫ (x) 2dx is ……… .
[x] = I, [a] = n [2021, 20 July Shift-II] −4
[2021, 18 March Shift-I]
1
x −0
2 3 (a) 3/2 (b) 5/2
∫e dx + ∫ e x − 1dx + ∫ e x − 2dx + .. + (c) 1/2 (d) 7/2
Ans. (512)
0 1 2
Ans. (d) Given,f (x2 ) + g (4 − x) = 4x 3
n a
x −n+ 1 and g (4 − x) + g (x) = 0
∫e dx + ∫ e x − ndx Let 4
n−1 1 5 5(n − 1) Let I = ∫ f (x2 ) dx
I = f (0) + f + f + .. + f
n 10
e2 − e 1 e 3 − e2 n n n n −4
(e 1 − e 0 ) + + 2
n−1 4
e e 5r 1
en − en − 1 ea − en
⇒ I= ∑ f n ⋅ n = 2 ∫ f (x2 )dx (even function)
r =0
+ K+ n−1
+ n
0
e e 1 4
⇒ I = ∫ f (5x)dx (Qassume r/n as x) ⇒ I = 2⋅ ∫ [4x 3 − g (4 − x)] dx
a −n 0
⇒ n (e − 1) + [e − 1] = 10 e − 10 + 1 1 0
⇒ n = 10 ⇒ e a − 10 − 1 = 1 = ∫ (5x + 1)dx (Qf (x) = x + 1 ) 4 4
0
⇒ e a − 10 = 2 ⇒ a − 10 = log e 2 1 = 8 ∫ x 3 dx − 2 ∫ g (4 − x) dx
5 5 7
∴ a = 10 + log e 2 = x2 + x = + 1 − 0 = 0 0
2 0 2 2
x 4
4
71 If [x] denotes the greatest integer π = 8 − 2I 1 = 2(44 − 0 4 ) − 2I 1
2 cos
π
less than or equal to x then the 73 Let g (t) = ∫ t + f (x) dx, 4 0
−
π 4 = 29 − 2I 1
value of the integral 2
4
π
where f (x) = log e (x + x 2 + 1), x ∈R. where, I 1 = ∫ g (4 − x) dx
∫ −
2
π [[x] − sin x]dx is equal to
0
2 [2021, 20 July Shift-II]
Then, which one of the following is 4
correct ? [2021, 20 July Shift-II] Now, I 1 = ∫ g (4 − x) dx …(i)
(a) −π (b) π (a) g (1) = g (0) (b) 2g (1) = g (0) 0
4
(c) 0 (d) 1 (c) g (1) = 2g (0) (d) g (1) + g (0) = 0
⇒ I 1 = ∫ g [4 − (0 + 4 − x] dx
Ans. (a) Ans. (b) 0
π
2
We have, b b
π /2 Q∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x) dx
I= ∫ ([x] + [− sin x])dx ...(i)
g (t) = ∫
π
cos t + f (x) dx a
−
π 4 a
−π / 2 4
2
b b ⇒ I 1 = ∫ g (x) = dx …(ii)
Using property, ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (a + b − x)dx π
π π
cos t cos(f (x)) − sin t sinf (x) dx
0
g (t) = ∫ 2
a a −
π 4 4 Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii),
π 2
4
2
Given,f (x) = log(x + 1 + x2 ) 2I 1 = ∫ [g (x) + g (4 − x)] dx
I= ∫ ([− x] + [sin x])dx ...(ii)
0
−
π f (− x) = log (− x + 1 + x2 ) = − log (x + 1 + x2 )
2 ⇒ 2I 1 = 0
Add Eqs. (i) and (ii), f (− x) = − f (x) ⇒ I1 = 0
π f (x) is an odd function. (Qg (x) + g (4 − x) = 0, given)
2 π /2
π ∴ I = 29 − 2I 1
2I = ∫ ([x] + [− x]) + ([sin x] + [− sin x])dx ∴g (t) = ∫ cos t cosf (x)dx
4 ⇒ I = 29 = 512
π −π / 2
−
2
[Qsinf (x) is an odd function]
216 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
π /3
75 Let P (x) be a real polynomial of sinα ( π / 2 − x) [using expansion of cosx i.e.,
degree 3 which vanishes at x = − 3.
g (α) = ∫ α π π
dx
x2 x 4 x 6 x 8
π / 6 cos − x + sinα − x cos x = 1 − + − + − …]
Let P (x) have local minima at x = 1, 2 2 2! 4! 6! 8!
local maxima at x = − 1 and π /3
cosα x 1 1 1 1
⇒ I =2 1− 1+ − + − + …
1 g (α) = ∫ cos x + sinα x
α
dx … (ii) 2! 4! 6! 8!
∫ P (x) dx = 18, then the sum of all the π/6
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), ⇒
1 1
I = 2 − +
1
− …
−1 2 24 720
π /3
coefficients of the polynomial P (x) sinα x + cosα x
Now, I < 2 −
1 1 1
is equal to …………… .
2g (α) = ∫ sinα x + cosα x
dx +
2 24 720
π/6
[2021, 18 March Shift-II]
π /3 1 1
⇒ I < 1 − +
Ans. (8) 2g (α) = ∫ 1⋅dx 12 360
Let P ′ (x) = a (x − 1) (x + 1) π/6 360 − 30 + 1
⇒ I<
⇒ P ′ (x) = a (x2 − 1) = [x] ππ // 36 360
∴ P (x) = a ∫ (x2 − 1) dx π π π
= − = ⇒ I<
331
… (ii)
x3 3 6 6 360
⇒ P (x) = a − x + C π
∴ g(α) =
Also, I > 2 −
3 1 1
12 2 24
According to the question, P (− 3) = 0 g(α) is constant function.
1
a − + 3 + C = 0 ⇒ I > 1 −
27
∴It is even function. 12
3
11
⇒ − 6a + C = 0 … (i) 77 Let f : R → R be defined as ⇒ I>
12
x3
1
Now, ∫ a − x + C dx = 18 (given) f (x) = e − x sin x. If F : [0, 1] → R is a 11 × 30
3 ⇒ I>
−1 differentiable function, such that 12 × 30
x
⇒ 2C = 18
F (x) = ∫ f (t) dt, then the value of ⇒ I>
330
…(iii)
⇒ C =9 … (ii) 360
0
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 1 From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get,
∫ [F ′ (x) + f (x)] e
x
− 6a + 9 = 0 dx lies in the 330 331
<I<
3 0 360 360
⇒ a=
2 interval [2021, 17 March Shift-II]
3 x3
327 329 330 331
78 If the integral
∴ P (x) = − x + 9 (a) , (b) , 10 1
2 3 360 360 360 360 [sin2πx] −1
−
1 3 331 334 335 336
∫ e x − [x] dx = αe + β e 2 + γ,
∴Sum of the all coefficient = − + 9= 8 (c) , (d) , 0
2 2 360 360 360 360 where α, β, γ are integers and [x]
Ans. (b) denotes the greatest integer less
76 Which of the following statements than or equal to x, then the value of
Given,f (x) = e − x ⋅ sin x
is correct for the function g(α) for x α + β + γ is equal to
α ∈R, such that and F (x) = ∫ f (t) dt
0 [2021, 17 March Shift-II]
π
Q F (x) is differentiable function. (a) 0 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 10
sin α x
3
∴F ′ (x) = f (x) × 1 − f (0) × 0 (using
g (α) = ∫ α α
dx Ans. (a)
π cos x + sin x
Newton-Leibnitz rule) 10 [sin2 πx ]
⇒ F ′ (x) = f (x) … (i) Let I = ∫ dx
6
1
0 e x − [x]
[2021, 17 March Shift-I] Let I = ∫ [F ′ (x) + f (x)] e x dx 10 [sin2 π x]
0 ⇒ I=∫ dx [Qx − [x] = { x }]
(a) g(α) is a strictly increasing function. 1 1
0 e {x }
1 = ∫ [f (x) + f (x)] e x dx = ∫0 2⋅f (x) ⋅ e
x
dx
(b) g(α) has an inflection point atα = − . 0 From above integrand, we observe that
2 [from Eq. (i)] [sin2πx]
is a periodic function with
(c) g(α) is a strictly decreasing function. 1 e {x }
⇒ I = 2⋅ ∫ f (x) ⋅ e x dx
(d) g(α) is an even function. 0 period ‘1’.
1 1 [sin2 πx]
Ans. (d) = 2⋅ ∫ e − x sin x ⋅ e x dx ∴ I = 10 ∫
π /3
0 0 e {x }
sinα x 1
g (α) = ∫ cosα x + sinα x dx … (i) = 2∫ sin xdx = 2 [− cos x] 10
0
[by the property of definite integral,
nT T
∫0 f (x) dx = n ∫ f (x) dx
π/6
b b = 2[− (cos 1 − cos0)] = 2(1 − cos 1) 0
Applying ∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x) dx ⇒ where f (x) is a periodic function with
a a (1)2 (1) 4 (1) 6 (1) 8 period =T]
I = 2⋅ 1 − 1 − + − + − …
2! 4! 6! 8!
Integral Calculus 217
1 [sin2 πx] From Eqs. (i) and (ii), Ans. (406)
⇒ I = 10 ⋅ ∫ dx
0 ex 20 I 10 − 10 I 9 − 9I 8 = 0 x
Given, y (x) = ∫ (2t2 − 15t + 10) dt
[Q{ x } = x, 0 ≤ x < 1 ] 0
⇒20I 10 = 10I 9 + 9I 8 comparing this to
⇒ ⇒ y ′ (x) = 2x2 − 15x + 10
[sin2 πx]
1/ 2 [sin2 πx] 1 20 (I 10 ) = αI 9 + βI 8 , we get
I = 10 ∫ dx + ∫ dx Equation of normal ⇒x + 3y = − 5
0 ex 1/ 2 ex α = 10 , β = 9 −1 −1
=
(− 1) ∴ α −β = 1 [y ′ (x)] a , b
⇒ I = 10 ∫
1 / 2 0 1 3
dx + ∫ dx
0 ex 1/ 2 e x
80 Let f : (0, 2) → R be defined as or [y ′ (x)] a , b = 3
2a2 − 15a + 10 = 3
πx
1 f (x) = log 2 1 + tan . ⇒ 2a2 − 15a + 7 = 0
4 ⇒ (2a − 1) (a − 7) = 0
2 1 2 1
0 1/2 1 Then, lim f + f + K+f (1) ∴ a = or 7
n→∞ n n n 2
–1
As, a > 1, so, a = 7
is equal to……… .
Now, (7, b) lies on y (x),
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] a
∴ b = ∫ (2t2 − 5t + 10) dt
⇒ I = 10 0 − ∫ e − x dx
1
Ans. (1) 0
1 /2
πx
f (x) = log2 1 + tan
2 15
e− x
1
⇒ b = a 3 − a2 + 10a
⇒ I = − 10 4 3 2
− 1 1/ 2 2 1 2 3 15 2
f + f + … + f (1)
2 ⇒ b = (7) − (7) + 10 (7)
= lim
⇒ I = 10 [e − 1 − e − 1/ 2 ] n→ ∞ n
n n 3 2
−1 n − 413
1 r ⇒ b=
⇒ I = 10 e − 1 − 10 e 2 = 2 lim
n→ ∞
∑ n f n 6
r =1
−1 413
πx So, a + 6b = 7 − 6 = − 406
log n 1 + tan dx … (i)
−1 2 1
⇒ I = 10 e + (− 10) ⋅ e 2
+0 6
log n 2 ∫0
… (i) Let I =
4
−1
∴ | a + 6b | = 406
Comparing Eq. (i) byαe − 1 + βe 2 + γ, we b b
as, ∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x) dx
82 Let f : R → R be a continuous
a a
get
α = 10, β = − 10 and γ = 0 So, x → 1 − x
π function such that f (x) + f (x + 1) = 2,
log n 1 + tan (1 − x) dx
Hence,α + β + γ = 10 − 10 + 0 2 1
I= ∫
8
log n 2 4 for all x ∈R. If I 1 = ∫ f (x)dx and
0
⇒ α + β + γ =0
π πx
log n 1 + tan −
2 1
log n 2 ∫0
e =
dx 0
79 Let I n = ∫ x 19 (log | x |) n dx, where 4 4 3
1 2 1 1 − tan πx / 4 I 2 = ∫ f (x)dx, then the value of
n ∈ N. If (20) I 10 = αI 9 + βI 8 , for
= ∫ 1 +
log n dx −1
log n 2 1 + tan πx /4
0
I 1 + 2I 2 is equal to……… .
natural numbers α and β, then α − β [2021, 16 March Shift-I]
2 1 2
is equal to …………… .
[2021, 17 March Shift-II]
=
log n 2 ∫ 0
log n
1 + tan π x
dx Ans. (16)
4 Given,f (x) + f (x + 1) = 2
Ans. (1) 8
πx
log n 2 − log n 1 + tan dx
2 1
I 1 = ∫ f (x)
log n 2 ∫0
e
Given, I n = ∫ x 19 (log | x |) n dx =
1 4 0
⇒ … (ii) 3
x20
e and I2 = ∫ f (x) dx
e (ln | x |) n − 1 x20 Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
In = (ln | x |n − ∫ n⋅ ⋅ dx 2 1 −1
20 1
1 x 20 2I =
log n 2 ∫0
log n 2 dx
Let f (0) = a
I=1 f (0) + f (1) = 2
(using integration by parts)
f (1) = 2 − a
e20 n e
⇒ In = − ∫1 (ln | x |) n − 1 ⋅ x 19dx 81 If the normal to the curve f (1) + f (2) = 2
20 20 x
f (2) = a and so on
e 20
n y (x) = ∫ (2t 2 − 15t + 10)dt at a point
⇒ In = − ⋅I n − 1 So, f (0) = f (2) = f (4) … = a
20 20 0
f (1) = f (3) = f (5) … = 2 − a
⇒ 20I n + nI n − 1 = e 20 (a, b) is parallel to the line
Clearly, f (x) is periodic with its period 2
Put n = 10 and n = 9, we get x + 3y = − 5, a > 1, then the value of units.
20 I 10 + 10 I 9 = e20
| a + 6b| is equal to……… . 2. 4
… (i)
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] So, I 1 = ∫ f (x) dx
and 20 I 9 + 9I 8 = e20 … (ii) 0
218 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
2
Then, ∞ tn − 1 + tm − 1
⇒ I 1 = 4 ∫ f (x) dx 2I mn = ∫ dt
f ( e) = ∫
e log e t
dt …(i)
0 (t + 1) m + n
0
3 1 1+ t 1 tn − 1 + t m −1
Now, I2 = ∫ f (x) dx 1 2I mn = ∫ dt
and f = ∫
1 e
log e t
dt …(ii)
0 (t + 1) m + n
−1
e 1 1+ t ∞ t n − 1 + t m −1
x→ x + 1 +∫ dt
4 4 1 1 (t + 1) m + n
Let t = and put in Eq. (ii), we get
I2 = ∫ f (x + 1) dx = ∫ [2 − f (x)] dx u ∞ tn − 1
+ t m −1
Let I 1 = ∫
log
0 0 1 dt
2 (t + 1) m + n
1
⇒ I2 = 8 − 2∫ f (x) dx 1 e u −1
f = ∫ ⋅ du 1 −1
0
e 1 1 + 1 u2 Let t = , thendt = 2 dz
2 u z z
⇒ 2I2 = 16 − 4∫ f (x) dx n− 1 m −1
=∫
e log u
du 1 +
1
1 u (u + 1)
0 0 z z 1
⇒ 2I2 = 16 − I 1 I 1 = ∫ (−1) m+n
. dz
Using change of variable 1
1 + 1 z2
∴ I 1 + 2I2 = 16
z
f = ∫
1 e log t
dt …(iii)
e 1 t (t + ` 1) 0 zn − 1 + zm − 1
83 Consider the integral = −∫ dz
10 From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get 1 (z + 1) m + n
[x] e [x]
I = ∫ x − 1 dx,
f (e) + f = ∫
1 e log t e log t Put I 1 in 2I m , n
dt + ∫ dt
0 e e 1 1+ t 1 t (1 + t) 1 tn − 1 + tm − 1 0 zn − 1 + zm − 1
2I mn = ∫ dt− ∫ dz
where [x] denotes the greatest logt e 0 (t + 1) m + n 1 (z + 1) m + n
=∫ dt
integer less than or equal to x . t 1
1 tm − 1 + tn − 1
Then, the value of I is equal to 1 = 2∫ dt
Take log t =`v, then dt = dv 0 (t + ` 1) m + n
[2021, 16 March Shift-II] t
1 ⇒ α=1
(a) 9 (e − 1) (b) 45 (e + 1) v2
f (e) + f =` ∫ vdv = =
1 1 1
100
(c) 45 (e − 1) (d) 9 (e + 1) e 0
86 The value of ∑
n x − [x]
Ans. (c)
2 0 2
∫n −e1 dx, where
f (e) + f =
1 1 n= 1
10 10 ∴
[x] e [x] [x] e [x] e 2
We have, ∫ x −1
dx = e ∫ dx [x] is the greatest integer ≤ x, is
e ex 1 m−1 n− 1
85 If I m⋅ n = ∫
0 0
1 2 3 x (1 − x) dx, for [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
0 e 2e2 0 (a) 100 (e − 1)
=e∫ dx + e ∫ x dx + e ∫ x dx + …
e x
e e m, n ≥ 1 and (b) 100 (1 − e)
m−1
0 1 2
1x + x n− 1
b
−x e −x b
⇒(e − a − e − b )
∫0 (1 + x) m + n
dx = αI m⋅ n , α ∈R, (c) 100 e
(d) 100 (1 + e)
⇒ ∫ e dx = –1
a a
then α equals _____ . Ans. (a)
2
⇒ e − 2 + 2e 3 2 − 3
1 1 1 1 [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II] Let ‘x’ be any real number, then
e e e e Ans. (1) x = [x] + { x }, where [x] is integer part of x
+3e 4 3 − 4 + ...+ 9e 10 9 − 10
1 1 1 1 1 and { x } is fractional part of x.
e Given,I mn = ∫ x m − 1 (1 − x) n − 1dx
e e e 0 Then, x − [x] = { x }, Also period of { x } = 1
100 n 100 n
= (e − 1) + 2(e − 1) + 3(e − 1) +…+9(e − 1) Using substitution put
Now, ∑ ∑ ∫e
x − [x ]
∫e dx = {x }
1 dx
= (1 + 2 + 3 + … + 9)(e − 1) x= n=1 n−1 n=1 n−1
9 × 10 t+1
= (e − 1) −1 [Difference between upper and lower
2 Then,dx = dt limit is 1 unit]
= 45(e − 1) (t + 1)2 1 2 100
tn − 1 = ∫ e { x }dx + ∫e dx + … + ∫e
{x } {x }
a 1 1 dx
x
log e t I mn = ∫ (−1) ⋅ ⋅ dt
84 For x > 0, if f (x) = ∫ dt, then
∞ (t + 1) n − 1 (t + 1) n − 1 (t + 1)2 0 1 99
(1 + t) 0 tn − 1 = e x ] 10 + e (x − 1) ]21 + … + e (x − 99 ) ] 100
1 = −∫ dt …(i) 99
f (e) + f is equal to
1 ∞ (t + 1) m + n = (e − 1) + (e − 1) + … + (e − 1)
e Similarly, = 100 (e − 1)
[2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
(a) 1 (b) –1
1
I mn = ∫ x n − 1 (1 − x) m − 1dx …(ii) π /2 cos 2 x
1 0 87 The value of ∫ dx is
(c) (d) 0 − π /2 1+ 3x
∞ tn − 1
2 ⇒ I mn = ∫
0 (t + ` 1) m + n [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
Ans. (c) π π
x log From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get (a) (b) 4π (c) (d) 2π
t
f (x) = ∫ e
dt 4 2
1 (1 + t)
Integral Calculus 219
Ans. (a) −1 2 π /2
π /2 = 3 ∫ ( x2 − x − 2)dx + ∫ (− x2 + x + 2)dx 91 If I n = ∫ cot n x dx, then
cos x 2
−2 π /4
Let I = ∫ dx … (i) −1
1 + 3x [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
− π /2 3
−1
x 3 x2
2
x x2 1 1 1
Using the property, = 3 − − 2x − − − 2x (a) , , are in AP
3 2 −2 3 2 −1 I2 + I 4 I 3 + I 5 I 4 + I 6
b b
∫a f (x) dx = ∫a f (a + b − x) dx = 19
(b) I2 + I 4 , I 3 + I 5 , I 4 + I 6 are in AP
π /2 1 1 1
cos ( π / 2 − π / 2 − x)
2
1
I= ∫ 1 + 3π / 2 − π / 2 − x
dx
90 lim +
n
+
n
+K
(c) , ,
I2 + I 4 I 3 + I 5 I 4 + I 6
are in GP
− π /2
π /2
n→ ∞ n
(n + 1) 2
(n + 2) 2 (d) I2 + I 4 , (I 3 + I 5 )2 , I 4 + I 6 are in GP
cos2 x
= ∫ dx [Qcos(− x) = cos x]
1 + 3− x n Ans. (a)
− π /2 + is equal to π
π /2
3x cos2 x
(2n − 1) 2 2
I= ∫ dx …(ii) I n = ∫ cotn xdx
(1 + 3x ) [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
− π /2 π
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 4
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), 2 3 4 π
π /2 π /2 2
cos2 x 3x cos2 x Ans. (b)
= ∫ cotn −2 x (cot2 x)dx
2I = ∫ 1 + 3x
dx + ∫ 1 + 3x
dx
1 + n
+
n
+K π
− π /2 − π /2
n (n + 1)2 (n + 2)2 4
π /2
(1 + 3x ) cos2 x
π /2
Let L = lim π π
= ∫ 1 + 3 x
dx = ∫ cos2 x dx n→ ∞
+
n
(2n − 1)2
2
n −2
2
− π /2 − π /2
I n = ∫ cot xcosec xdx − ∫ cotn −2 xdx
2
π /2 π π
1 + cos2x or
= ∫ 2
dx
n n
4 4
− π /2 + + K+ π
[Qcos2x = 2 cos2 x − 1 ] (n + 0)2 (n + 1)2 2
1 sin2x 1
π /2 L = lim I n + I n − 2 = ∫ cotn −2 x.cosec2xdx
= x+ = [ π] n→ ∞ n n n
+ −
2 2 − π / 2 2 (n + n − 1)2 (n + n)2 (n + n)2 π
4
⇒ 2I = π /2 n n n Now, let cotx = u, then cosec2xdx = − dt,
π = lim + +K + 0
⇒ I= n→ ∞ (n + 0) 2
(n + 1) 2
(n + n)2 limit will be I n + I n − 2 = ∫ − t n − 2dt
4 1
n n−1
0
− lim − (t) 0 (1) n − 1
88 The value of the integral n→ ∞ (n + n) 2 = = − −
π n − 1 1 n − 1 n − 1
∫ | sin 2x | dx is ……… .
n
0 = lim Σ n
− lim
1
I n + I n −2 =
1
[2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] n→ ∞ r =0 (n + r)2 n→ ∞ 4n
n− 1
n
Σ − 0 since, lim = 0
Ans. (2) n 1 Now, put n = 4
= lim
π n→ ∞ r =0 (n + r)2 n→ ∞ n 1 1
Let I = ∫ | sin2x | dx ⇒ I2 + I 4 = , then =3 …(i)
0
Now, for solving limit summation, we 3 I2 + I 4
π /2
= 2∫ | sin2x | dx integrate it using some replacement. Put n = 5
0 n
L = lim Σ
1 1 1
[Qsin2x is periodic function] ⇒ I 5 + I 3 = , then =4 …(ii)
π /2 n→ ∞ r = 0 n(1 + r / n) 4 I3 + I5
=2∫ sin2x dx [sin2x is positive in
0 r 1
Take as x and as dx. Put n = 6
range (0, π /2)] n n 1 1
− cos2x
π /2 ⇒I 6 + I 4 = , then =5 …(iii)
=2 Lower limit is obtained by putting r = 0 in 5 I4 + I6
2 r
0 , we get Lower limit = 0
n Here, from Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we
= − [cos π − cos0] conclude
Upper limit is obtained by putting r = n in
= − (− 1 − 1) = 2 r 1 1 1
, we get , and are in AP with
I =2 n I2 + I 4 I 3 + I 5 I4 + I6
2
Upper limit = 1 common difference 1.
89 The value of ∫ |3x 2 − 3x − 6| dx is 1 1 −1
1
−2 ∴ L=∫ dx = 1 3
………. . 0 (1 + x) 2 (1 + x) 0 92 The value of ∫ x 2 e [x ] dx, where [t]
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] −1
Ans. (19) 1 1 denotes the greatest integer ≤ t, is
= − − 1 =
2 2 2 [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
∫−2|3x − 3x − 6|dx = I (say)
2
e−1 e+1 e+1 1
1 (a) (b) (c) (d)
2
∴ L= 3e 3 3e 3e
I = 3∫ |x2 − x − 2|dx 2
−2
220 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (c) (a) − 2 − 3 + 1 (b) − 2 − 3 − 1 1
= ∫ |1 − 2x | dx +
2
1 2 [x 3 ] 0 ∫1 dx
Given, ∫ x e dx, where [t] is greatest (c) − 5 (d) − 4 1/ 2 1
−1 =∫ (1 − 2x) dx + ∫ (2x − 1) dx + 1
Ans. (b) 0 1/ 2
integer function. 3 = [x − x2 ] 10/ 2 + [x2 − x] 11/ 2 + 1
Q [x 3] = 0 ∀ x ∈ (0, 1) Let I = ∫ [x − 2x − 2] dx
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 3
and [x 3] = − 1 ∀ x ∈ (− 1, 0) 3
= − + 1 − 1 − + + 1 = + 1 = = 1.5
= ∫ [x2 − 2x + 1 − 3] dx 2 4 4 2 2 2
1 2 [x 3 ] 0 1 2 0
So, ∫− 1
x e dx = ∫ x2 e − 1dx + ∫0 x e dx 1
−1 3
= ∫ (x − 1)2 − 3]dx 97 Let [t] denote the greatest integer
1 0 1 2
∫− 1 ∫0
1
= x2dx + x dx 3 3 less than or equal to t. Then the
e = ∫ [(x − 1)2 ] dx + ∫1 − 3dx 2
1 x x 3
0
3
1 1 value of ∫ |2x − [3x]| dx is ……… .
1
= × + Put x − 1 = t; dx = dt when x = 1 + = 0 and
e 3 − 1 3 0 x = 3t = 2 [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
2 Ans. (1)
1
× 0+ + ∴ I= − 3[x] 31 + ∫0 [t ] dt
1 1 2
= 2
The integral,I = ∫ |2x − [3x]| dx
e 3 3 1
1 2 3 2 4/ 3 5/ 3
=
1
+ =
1 1+ e
= −6+ ∫0 0 dt + ∫1 1dt + ∫ 2 2 dt + ∫ 3
3dt =∫ |2x − 3 | dx + ∫4 / 3 |2x − 4 |dx
3e 3 3e
1
= − 6 + (0) + ( 2 − 1) + 2( 3 − 2) + 3(2 − 3) 2
= −6+ 2 − 1+ 2 3 −2 2 + 6−3 3 =∫
4/ 3
(3 − 2x) dx
+ ∫1 |2x − 5 |dx
93 Let f (x) be a differentiable function 1
I = − 1− 2 − 3 5/ 3 2
defined on [0, 2], such that + ∫4 / 3 (4 − 2x) dx + ∫5 / 3 (5 − 2x) dx
f ′ (x) = f ′ (2 − x), for all x ∈ (0, 2), f (0) = 1 a
= [3x − x2 ] 41 / 3 + [4x − x2 ] 54 // 33 + [5x − x2 ]25 / 3
and f (2) = e 2 . Then, the value of 95 If ∫ (| x | + | x − 2 |)dx = 22, (a > 2) and
2 −a 16 20 25 16 16
= 4 − − 3 + 1 + − − +
∫ f (x) dx is [x] denotes the greatest integer
9 3
9 3 9
25 25
0 [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] −a + 10 − 4 − +
9
∫ (x + [x]) dx is equal to
(a) 1 − e2 (b) 1 + e2 3
≤ x, then 20 16 25
(c) 2 (1 − e2 ) (d) 2 (1 + e2 ) = (2 + 6) + − − +
a 3 3 3
Ans. (b) ......... . 16 25 16 25
Given, f(0) = 1 … (i) [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
+ − − + +
9 9 9 9
f (2) = e2 21
… (ii) Ans. (3) =8− =8−7=1
f ′ (x) = f ′ (2 − x) a 3
Given, ∫ ( | x | + | x − 2 | ) dx = 22 Hence, answer 1.00 is correct.
Integrating w.r.t. x, −a
f (x) = − f (2 − x) + C 0 2 π
Put x = 0
⇒ ∫− a (− 2x + 2) dx + ∫0 (x + 2 − x) dx 98 ∫− π | π − | x || dx is equal to
a [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
f (0) = − f (2) + C + ∫2 (2x − 2) dx = 22
π2
⇒ 1 = − e2 + C [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)] (a) 2 π2 (b) 2 π2 (c) π2 (d)
⇒ (x − 2x)2
|−0 a
+ (2x) + (x − 2x) = 22 |20 2
|2a 2
⇒ C = 1 + e2 Ans. (c)
⇒ a2 + 2a + 4 + a2 − 2a − (4 − 4) = 22
∴ f (x) = − f (2 − x) + 1 + e2 π
⇒ 2a2 = 18 Given integral ∫ |π − | x | | dx
or f (x) + f (2 − x) = 1 + e2 …(iii) −π
⇒ a2 = 9 π π
= 2 ∫ |π − | x | | dx = 2∫ |π − x | dx
2
Let I = ∫ f (x) dx …(iv) ⇒ a =3 0 0
0
−a −3 π
= 2 ∫ ( π − x) dx [Qx∈(0, π)]
∫a x + [x] dx = ∫
2
Also, I = ∫ f (2 − x) dx …(v) ∴ (x + [x]) dx 0
3
0 π
3 x 2
π 2
Now, adding Eqs. (iv) and (v), = − ∫ (x + [x]) dx = 2 πx − = 2 π2 −
−3 2 2
2
2I = ∫ [f (x) + f (2 − x)] dx 0
0 = − [− 3 − 2 − 1 + 1 + 2] π2
2
= − [− 3] = 3 = 2 = π2
2I = ∫ (1 + e ) dx 2
[from Eq. (iii)] 2
0
∴Required value is 3.
2I = 2(1 + e ) 2 Hence, option (c) is correct.
2
∴ I = (1 + e2 )
96 The integral ∫ || x − 1| − x| dx is equal 99 If the value of the integral
94 The value of the integral 0 1/ 2 x2 k
3 to [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] ∫0 (1 − x 2 ) 3/ 2 dx is 6 , then k is
∫ [x − 2x − 2] dx, where [x] denotes
2
Ans. (1.5) 2
1 Given integral ∫ | | x − 1 | − x |dx equal to [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
0
the greatest integer less than or 1 2 (a) 3 2 + π (b) 2 3 − π
= ∫ |− (x − 1) − x | dx + ∫1 | x − 1 − x | dx
equal to x, is [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] 0 (c) 2 3 + π (d) 3 2 − π
Integral Calculus 221
Ans. (b) Ans. (21) Ans. (a)
1/ 2 2 n 1 π /2
x 1
The integral,I = ∫ dx Since, ∫ { x }dx = n∫ xdx Given integral,I = ∫ dx …(i)
0
(1 − x2 ) 3/ 2
0 0 −π /2
1 + e sin x
π (as n ∈N , n > 1 )
Let x = sinθ, So, θ(0) = 0 and θ =
1 b
2 6 1 As we know that, ∫ f (x)dx
x n 2
and dx = cosθdθ = n = a
π/6 2 0 2 b
sin θ 2
= ∫ f (a + b − x)dx, so
∴ I= ∫ cosθ dθ n 1 2 3
0
(cos2 θ) 3/ 2 and ∫ [x]dx = ∫ 0 dx + ∫ 1dx + ∫ 2dx a
π /2 π /2
π/6 0 0 1 2
1 e sin x
= ∫ tan θ dθ
2 n I= ∫ 1+ e − sin x
dx = ∫ sin x
+1
dx …(ii)
0
+ ...+ ∫ (n – 1)dx −π /2 −π /2
e
π /6 n –1 On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
= ∫ (sec θ − 1)dθ =
2
[tanθ − θ] π0 / 6 π /2 π /2
1 + e sin x
0 = 0 + 1(2 − 1) + 2(3 − 2) + ....+ (n − 1)(n − (n − 1)) 2I = ∫ 1+ e sin x
dx = ∫ dx = π
π k1 n(n – 1) −π /2 −π /2
= − = [given] = 1 + 2 + 3 + ...+ (n − 1) =
3 6 6 2 π
⇒ I=
∴ k = 2 3 − π. n n(n − 1) 2
Q , , 10 n(n – 1) are in GP
2 2 1
Hence, option (b) is correct.
⇒ ,
1 n–1
, 10 (n – 1) are also in GP
104 If I 1 = ∫ (1 − x 50 ) 100 dx and
0
100 Let f (x) = | x − 2| and 2 2 1
[as n> 1] I 2 = ∫ (1 − x 50 ) 101 dx such that
g (x) = f (f (x)), x ∈ [0, 4]. Then 2
0
n − 1 I 2 = αI 1 , then α equals to
3 ⇒ = 5(n – 1)
∫ (g (x) − f (x)) dx is equal to
0
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
2 [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
⇒n− 1 = 20 [as n> 1] (a)
5049
(b)
5050
3 1
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) 1 ⇒ n = 21. 5050 5049
2 2 5050 5051
Ans. (d) (c) (d)
102 The integral 5051 5050
π /3
Given functionf (x) = | x − 2 |
∫ tan x ⋅ sin 3x (2 sec x ⋅ sin 3x
3 2 2 2
Ans. (c)
x − 2, x ≥ 2 π /6
= , x ∈[0, 4] 1
2 − x, x < 2 + 3 tan x ⋅ sin6x) dx is equal to It is given thatI 1 = ∫ (1 − x 50 ) 100 dx
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] 0
and g (x) = f (f (x)) = |f (x) − 2 | 1 7 1 9 1
(a) − (b) (c) − (d)
f (x) − 2, f (x) ≥ 2 9 18 18 2 and I2 = ∫ (1 − x ) dx 50 101
=
2 − f (x), f (x) < 2
0
Ans. (c) 1
2 − (2 − x), 0 ≤ x < 2 Given integral = ∫ (1 − x 50 )(1 − x 50 ) 100 dx
=
2 − (x − 2), 2 ≤ x ≤ 4
π/3 0
I= ∫ tan x ⋅ sin2 3x (2 sec2 x sin2 3x
3
1 1
x, 0≤ x<2
= π/6 = ∫ (1 − x 50 ) 100 dx − ∫ x ⋅ x 49 (1 − x 50 ) 100 dx
4 − x, 2 ≤ x ≤ 4 + 3 tan x ⋅ sin6x)dx 0 0
3 π/3 1
∴ ∫ (g (x) − f (x))dx =∫ [2 tan3 x sec2 x sin4 3x Now, let I = ∫ x ⋅ x (1 − x 50 ) 100 dx
49
π/6
0 + 3 tan x (2 sin 3x cos3x)]dx
4 3 0
2 3
π/3 d tan4 x sin4 3x = [x ∫ x 49 (1 − x 50 ) 100 dx
= ∫ [x − (2 − x)]dx + ∫ [(4 − x) − (x − 2)]dx =∫
π/6
dx
0 2 dx 2 − ∫ 1∫ x 49 (1 − x 50 ) 100 dx] 10
= [x − 2x]20
+ [6x −
2
x2 ]23 1
π/3
1
= 18 − 9 − 12 + 4 = 1 = tan4 x sin4 3x (1 − t) 100 (1 − t) 100
2 = t 1/ 50 ∫ dt − ∫ ∫ dt dx
π/6
Hence, option (d) is correct. 50 50 0
1 1 1
= (9 × 0) – × 1 = − .
2 9 18 [where, x = t]
50
101 Let {x} and [x] denote the fractional I2
part of x and the greatest integer I =0 −
π /2 1 50 × 101
≤ x respectively of a real number x. 103 The value of ∫ dx is
− π / 2 1 + e sin x I
n n ∴ I2 = I 1 − 2
If ∫ (x)dx,∫ [x]dx and 10(n 2 − n), [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I] 5050
0 0
π π 5051
(n ∈ N, n > 1) are three consecutive (a) (b) ⇒ I2 = I 1
2 4 5050
terms of a GP, then n is equal to 3π
(c) π 5050
……… . [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] (d) Q I2 = αI 1 ∴ α =
2 5051
222 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
2
107 If θ 1 and θ 2 be respectively the αx 0 − αx 2
105 The integral ∫ e x ⋅ x x (2 + log e x)dx ⇒ 4α
e
+
e
=5
1
smallest and the largest values of θ α −1 −α 0
equals [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
in (0, 2π) − {π} which satisfy the ⇒4[(e 0 − e − α ) − (e −2 α − e 0 )] = 5
(a) e (4 e + 1) (b) 4 e2 − 1 5
(c) e (4 e − 1) (d) e (2 e − 1) equation, 2cot 2 θ − + 4 = 0, ⇒ 4[1 − e − α − e −2 α + 1] = 5
sin θ
Ans. (c) ⇒ 4[2 − e − α − e −2 α ] = 5
θ
2 then ∫ 2 cos 2 3θdθ is equal to ⇒ 8e2 α − 4e α − 4 = 5e2 α
The integral,I = ∫ e x (2 + log e x) dx x x θ1 2α α
⇒ 3e − 4e − 4 = 0
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
1
4 + 16 + 48
Let e ⋅ x = t
x x π 1
(a) + (b)
π
(c)
2π
(d)
π ⇒ eα =
3 6 3 3 9 6
⇒ [e x x x + e x x x (1 + log e x)] dx = dt
[Qe α > 0 ∀ α ∈ R]
⇒ e x x x (2 + log e x) dx = dt Ans. (b) 4+ 8
⇒ eα = =2
and at x = 1, t = e Given trigonometric equation for 6
at x = 2,t = 4e2 θ ∈ (0, 2 π) − { π } is ⇒ α = log e 2
4e 2 5
4e 2
2 cot2 θ − + 4=0 2 dx
∴ I= ∫ dt = [t] e = 4e2 − e = e (4e − 1) sinθ 109 If I = ∫
1
, then
⇒ 2 cos θ − 5 sinθ + 4 sin θ = 0 2x − 9x 2 + 12x + 4
3
e 2 2
⇒ 2 sin2 θ − 5 sinθ + 2 = 0 1 2 1 1 2 1
106 If f (a + b + 1 − x) = f (x), for all x, where ⇒ 2 sin θ − 4 sinθ − sinθ + 2 = 0
2 (a) <I < (b) <I <
6 2 8 4
a and b are fixed positive real ⇒2 sinθ(sinθ − 2) − 1(sinθ − 2) = 0 1 2 1 1 2 1
numbers, then ⇒ (sinθ − 2)(2 sinθ − 1) = 0 (c) < I < (d) <I <
9 8 16 9
1 b
a + b ∫a
x (f (x) + f (x + 1))dx is equal to Q sinθ∈ [−1, 1] − {0 }, for θ ∈ (0, 2 π) − { π } [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
∴sinθ − 2 ≠ 0 Ans. (c) 2
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] 1 π 5π dx
b+ 1 b+ 1 So, sinθ = ⇒ θ = , Given integralI = ∫
(a) ∫a + 1 f (x + 1)dx (b) ∫a + 1 f (x)dx 2 6 6 1 2x − 9x2 + 12x + 4
3
π 5π
b−1 b−1 ∴ θ1 = and θ2 = Let a function f (x) =
1
(c) ∫a − 1 f (x + 1)dx (d) ∫a − 1 f (x)dx 6 6
θ2 2x 3 − 9x2 + 12x + 4
∫ cos 3θdθ
2
Ans. (c) Now, the integral −1(6x − 18x + 12)
2
θ1
Then,f ′ (x) =
Let the integral 2(2x 3 − 9x2 + 12x + 4) 3/ 2
5π / 6
1 b
1 + cos6θ
I=
a+b ∫ a
x (f (x) + f (x + 1))dx …(i) = ∫
2
dθ
=−
3(x2 − 3x + 2)
π /6 (2x − 9x2 + 12x + 4) 3/ 2
3
On applying property 5π / 6
(x − 1)(x − 2)
sin6θ
= θ +
b b
1 = −3 3
∫a f (x)dx = ∫ f (a + b − x)dx , we get
a
2 6 π / 6 (2x − 9x2 + 12x + 4) 3/ 2
1 b 1 5π π 1 Qf′ (1) and f′ (2) are zero and f ′ (x) is positive
= − + (0 − 0)
I=
a+b ∫a
(a + b − x)(f (a + b − x)
2 6 6 12 ∀ x ∈ (1, 2), so f (x) is an increasing function
+ f (a + b − x + 1))dx ∀ x ∈ (1, 2), so f (1) < I < f (2)
1 4π π
1 b = = 1 1
a + b ∫a
= (a + b − x)(f (x + 1) + f (x))dx …(ii) 2 6 3 ⇒ <I<
2 − 9 + 12 + 4 16 − 36 + 24 + 4
Qf (a + b + 1 − x) = f (x) 1 1 1 1
108 The value ofα for which ⇒ <I< ⇒ < I2 <
∴f (a + b − x) = f (x + 1) 2
4α ∫ e − α | x | dx = 5, is
3 2 2 9 8
On adding integrals Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get −1 Hence, option (c) is correct.
a+b b [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II] x
2I =
a + b ∫a
(f (x) + f (x + 1))dx
(a) log e 2
3
(b) log e ∫ t sin(10t)dt is equal to
110 lim 0
2
⇒ I = ∫ f (x)dx + ∫ f (x + 1)dx
1 b b x→ 0 x
2 a 4 1 1 1
a
(c) log e 2 (d) log e (a) 0 (b) (c) − (d) −
3
= ∫ f (x)dx + ∫ (a + b − x + 1)dx
1 b b 10 10 5
2 a a Ans. (c) [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
= ∫ f (x)dx + ∫ f (x)dx
1 2
b b Ans. (a)
Given,4α ∫ e − α | x |dx = 5
x
2 a a
∫ t sin(10t)dt
b −1
I = ∫ f (x)dx
0
⇒ 0 2 Given limit lim
a ⇒ 4α ∫ e αx dx + ∫ e − αx dx = 5 x→ 0x
Put x = t + 1, then upper limitt = b − 1 and −1 0 On applying L’Hospital rule, we get
lower limitt = a − 1 and dx = dt, so x, x ≥ 0 x sin(10 x)
I=∫
b−1
f (t + 1)dt = ∫
b−1
f (x + 1)dx Q| x | = − x, x < 0 lim
a −1 a −1 x→ 0 1
Integral Calculus 223
π /4
(on applying Newton Leibniz rule) Then for the function F , the point ⇒ 2I = ∫ log e (1)dx = 0
= 0 sin(10 × 0) = 0 x = 1is [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
−π / 4
Hence, option (a) is correct. ⇒ I = 0 = log e (1)
8
(a) not a critical point. x
2π x sin x
111 The value of ∫ dx is (b) a point of inflection. 114 Let f (x) = ∫ g (t)dt, where g is a
0 sin x + cos 8 x
8
(c) a point of local maxima.
0
equal to (d) a point of local minima.
non-zero even function. If
(a) 2π (b) 4π (c) 2 π 2
(d) π 2
Ans. (d) x
f (x + 5) = g (x), then ∫ f (t)dt equals
x
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
It is given,F (x) = ∫ t2 g (t)dt, then
Ans. (d) 1 0
2π
x sin8 x F ′ (x) = x2 g (x) (by Newton-Leibniz rule) [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
Given integral isI = ∫ sin8 x + cos8 x dx t 5 x+5
g (t) = ∫ f (u)du ⇒ g(1) = 0 ∫ g (t)dt ∫ g (t)dt
0 … (i) Q (a) 5 (b)
On applying property, 1 x+5 5
a a
∴ F ′ (x = 1) = 12 ⋅ g (1) = 0 x+5
∫0 f (x) dx = ∫0 f (a − x) dx, we get
5
Now, F ′ ′ (x) = 2x g (x) + x2 g ′ (x) (c) 2 ∫ g (t)dt (d) ∫ g (t)dt
2π (2 π − x) sin8 x x+5
I=∫ dx … (ii) x 5
0 sin8 x + cos8 x = 2x ∫ f (u)du + x2f (x)
1 Ans. (d)
1 x
On adding integrals Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Now, F ′ ′ (1) = 2∫ f (u)du + f (1) = 2 × 0 + 3 Given, f (x) = ∫ g (t) dt
2π 2 π sin8 x
2I = ∫ dx 1
(Qf(1) = 3 given) 0
0 sin8 x + cos8 x
=3 On replacing x by (−x), we get
−x
2π sin8 x Q F ′ ′ (1) = 3 > 0 and F ′ (1) = 0
⇒ I = π∫
0 sin8 x + cos8 x
dx
∴The point x = 1 is point of local minima
f (− x) = ∫ g (t)dt
0
for the function F.
On applying property, Now, put t = − u, so
2a a Hence, option (d) is correct. x
∫0 f (x) dx = 2∫ f (x)dx,
0 f (− x) = − ∫ g (− u)du
if f (2a − x) = f (x), we get 113 and g (x) = log e x, 0
x
π sin8 x (x > 0) then the value of the integral = − ∫ g (u)du = − f (x)
I = 2 π∫ dx π /4
0 sin8 x + cos8 x
Again, if we apply the same property,
∫ g (f (x))dx is
− π /4 [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
0
[Qg is an even function]
(a) log e 3 (b) log e e
if f (2a − x) = f (x), ⇒ f (− x) = − f (x) ⇒f is an odd function.
(c) log e 2 (d) log e 1
2a
then ∫ f (x) dx = 2 ∫ f (x) dx, we get
a
Now, it is given thatf (x + 5) = g (x)
0 0 Ans. (d) ∴ f (5 − x) = g (− x) = g (x) = f (x + 5)
π /2 sin8 x
I = 4π∫ dx …(iii) The given functions are [Qg is an even function]
0 sin x + cos8 x
8
g (x) = log e x, x > 0 ⇒ f (5 − x) = f (x + 5) …(i)
x
Now, on applying property, 2 − x cos x
a a and f (x) = Let I = ∫ f (t)dt
∫0 f (x) dx = ∫0 f (a − x) dx, we get 2 + x cos x 0
π /4
π /2 cos x 8
Let I=∫ g (f (x))dx Put t = u + 5 ⇒ t − 5 = u ⇒ dt = du
I = 4π∫ dx … (iv) −π / 4 x −5 x −5
0 cos8 x + sin8 x
On adding integrals (iii) and (iv), we get Then, I = ∫
2 − x cos x
π /4
log e dx …(i)
∴ I= ∫ f (u + 5)du = ∫ g (u)du
−5 −5
π / 2 sin8 x + cos8 x
−π / 4 2 + x cos x
2I = 4 π ∫ dx Put u = − t ⇒du = − dt, we get
5−x
0 cos8 x + sin8 x Now, by using the property 5
π /2 π
b b I=− ∫ g (−t)dt = ∫ g (t)dt
⇒ I = 2 π∫
0
dx = 2 π
2 ∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x) dx, we get b
5
a
5−x
a a
⇒ I = π2 [Q− ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (x)dx and g is an even
π /4 2 + x cos x
Hence, option (d) is correct. I=∫ log e dx …(ii) a b
−π / 4 2 − x cos x 5 function]
112 Let a function f : [0, 5] → R be On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get I= ∫ f ′(t)dt
5−x
2 − x cos x 2 + cos x
continuous, f (1) = 3 and F be defined 2I = ∫
π /4
log e + log e dx [by Leibnitz rule f ′(x) = g (x)]
−π /4 +
as: 2 x cos x 2 x cos x
= f (5) − f (5 − x) = f (5) − f (5 + x)
x π /4 2 − x cos x 2 + x cos x
F (x) = ∫ t 2g (t)dt, where =∫ log e × dx [from Eq. (i)]
1 −π / 4 2 + x cos x 2 − x cos x 5 5
t
g (t) = ∫ f (u )du .
1
[Qlog e A + log e B = log e AB] = ∫ f ′ (t)dt = ∫ g (t)dt
5+ x 5+ x
224 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
π /2 sin 3 x
115 The value of ∫ dx is On applying the L’ Hopital rule, we get 2π
0 sin x + cos x 2f (x)f ′ (x) 118 The value of ∫ [sin 2x (1 + cos 3x)] dx,
l = lim
[2019, 9 April Shift-I] x →2 1 0
π−1 π −2 π−1 π −2 d φ 2 (x )
where [t] denotes the greatest
(a)
2
(b)
8
(c)
4
(d)
4
Q
dx φ (x )
∫ f (t)dt = f (φ2 (x)) ⋅ φ2 ′ (x) integer function, is
1
Ans. (c)
− f (φ1 (x)) ⋅ φ1 ′ (x)] [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
Key Idea Use property of definite So, l = 2f (2) ⋅f ′ (2) = 12f ′ (2) [Qf(2) = 6] (a) − π (b) 2π (c) − 2π (d) π
integral. f (x ) Ans. (a)
2tdt
b b
∫a f (x) dx = ∫a f (a + b − x) dx
∴ lim
x →2 ∫ x −2
= 12f ′ (2), if f(2) = 6
Given integral
6
2π
π I=∫ [sin2x ⋅ (1 + cos3x)]dx
sin3 x 0
Let I = ∫ 2 dx …(i) 117 The value of the integral π
sin x + cos x
0
1 = ∫ [sin2x ⋅ (1 + cos3x)]dx
−1
∫ x cot (1 − x 2 + x 4 )dx is
0
On applying the property,
2π
b b +∫ [sin2x ⋅ (1 + cos3x)]dx
∫a f (x)dx = ∫a f (a + b − x) dx, we get 0
[2019, 9 April Shift-II] π
π 1 π 1 = I 1 + I2 (let) ... (i)
cos3 x
π /2
(a) − log e 2 (b) − log e 2
I=∫ dx …(ii) 4 2 2 2 Now, I2 = ∫
2π
[sin2x ⋅ (1 + cos3x)]dx
0 cos x + sin x π
π π
On adding integrals (i) and (ii), we get (c) −log e 2 (d) −log e 2 let 2π − x = t, upper limitt =0 and lower
π / 2 sin3 x + cos3 x 4 2 limitt = π
2I = ∫ dx Ans. (a)
0 sin x + cos x and dx = −dt
1 0
(sin x + cos x) (sin2 x + cos2 x Let I = ∫ x cot−1 (1 − x2 + x 4 ) dx So, I2 = − ∫ [− sin2x ⋅ (1 + cos3x)]dx
π π
− sin x cos x) π
= ∫2 dx 0
= ∫ [− sin2x ⋅ (1 + cos3x)]dx …(ii)
0 sin x + cos x Now, put x2 = t ⇒ 2xdx = dt 0
π π
1 Lower limit at x = 0, t = 0 ∴ I = ∫ [sin2x ⋅ (1 + cos3x)]dx
=∫ 2 1 − (2 sin x cos x) dx
0 2 Upper limit at x = 1, t = 1
0
π
=∫
π
1 1
π /2
1
1 + ∫0 [− sin2x ⋅ (1 + cos3x)]dx
2 1 − sin2x dx = x + cos 2x ∴ I = ∫ cot−1 (1 − t + t2 ) dt
0 2 4 0 20 [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
π
π 1 π 1 = ∫ (−1) dx]
= − 0 + (−1 − 1) = − 1
0
2 4 1
tan−1
1
π 1 π−1
2 2
20∫
=
1−t + t
dt
2 [Q[x] + [− x] = − 1, x ∉Integer]
⇒I = − = Qcot−1 x = tan−1 1 = −π
4 4 4
x
−1 t − (t − 1)
1
1 119 The integral
116 If f : R → R is a differentiable = ∫ tan dt π /3
1 + t (t − 1)
∫ sec x cosec x dx is equal
20 2/ 3 4/ 3
function and π /6
1
1
lim f ( x) 2t dt = ∫ ( tan−1 t − tan−1 (t − 1) dt to [2019, 10 April Shift-II]
x → 2 ∫ (x − 2)
f (2) = 6, then is 2 0 (a) 35 / 6 − 32 / 3
6
(b) 37 / 6 − 35 / 6
[2019, 9 April Shift-II] −1 x − y −1 −1
Qtan 1 + xy = tan x − tan y (c) 35 / 3 − 31/ 3
(a) 12 f′ (2) (b) 0
(c) 24 f′ (2) (d) 2 f′ (2) 1 1
(d) 34 / 3 − 31/ 3
−1 −1
Ans. (a) Q ∫ tan (t − 1)dt = ∫ tan (1 − t − 1) dt Ans. (b)
π /3
0 0
Key Idea Let I = ∫ sec
2/ 3
1 x cosec 4 / 3x dx
−1
(i) First use L’ Hopital rule = − ∫ tan (t) dt π/6
(ii) Now, use formula 0 π /3
a a 1
d
φ 2 (x )
because ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (a − x) dx = ∫ cos 2/ 3
x sin4 / 3 x
dx
dx ∫ f (t)dt = f [φ2 (x)] ⋅ φ′2 (x) 0 0
π/6
φ 1 (x ) π /3
1 sec2 x
− f [φ1 (x)] ⋅ φ′1 (x) 1
So, I = ∫ ( tan−1 t + tan−1 t) dt = ∫ (tan x) 4 / 3
dx
f (x ) 20 π/6
∫ 2tdt
1 1
t [multiplying and dividing the
f (x )
2tdt = ∫ tan−1 tdt = [t tan−1 t] 10 − ∫ dt
Let l = lim
x →2 ∫ = lim 6
(x − 2) x →2 (x − 2) 0 0
1 + t2 denominator bycos 4/ 3 x]
6
[by integration by parts method] Put, tanx = t, upper limit, at x = π /3
0 form, as f(2) = 6
0 π 1 π 1 ⇒t = 3
= − [log e (1 + t2 )] 10 = − log e 2
4 2 4 2 and lower limit, at x = π /6 ⇒ t = 1 / 3
Integral Calculus 225
π /2cosx
and sec2 x dx = dt =∫ dx ⇒ 8 α2 + 8 α + 2 = 9 α2 + 9 α
3 0 cox + 1
3
dt t − 1/ 3 ⇒ α2 + α − 2 = 0
So, I = ∫ t 4/ 3
=
− 1 / 3
1/ π /2
x
2 cos2 − 1 ⇒ (α + 2) (α − 1) = 0
1/ 3 3
=∫ 2 dx
⇒ α = 1, − 2
= − 3 1/ 6 − 31/ 6
1 0 x
2 cos2
3 2 From the options we get α = − 2
θ
= 3 ⋅3 1 / 6 − 3 ⋅3 − 1 / 6 = 3 7 / 6 − 3 5 / 6 [Qcosθ = 2 cos2 − 1 and π
2 122 The value of ∫ |cos x | 3 dx is
θ 0
π /2 cot x cosθ + 1 = 2 cos2 ]
120 If ∫ dx = m(π + n), 2 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
0 cot x + cosec x π /2 1 2 x 2 4
=∫ 1 − sec dx (b) −
then m ⋅ n is equal to 0 2 2
(a)
3 3
[2019, 12 April Shift-I] π /2 4
x π 1
1 = x − tan = − 1 = ( π − 2) (c) 0 (d)
(a) − (b) 1 2 0 2 2 3
2
1 Since, I = m( π − n) Ans. (d)
(c) (d) −1 We know, graph of y = cos x is
2 1
∴ m ( π − n) = ( π − 2)
Ans. (d) 2 Y
π /2 cot x On comparing both sides, we get
Let I = ∫ dx 1
0 cot x + cosec x m = and n = − 2
cos x 2 X′ X
O π/2 π
π /2 1
=∫ sin x dx Now, mn = × (− 2) = − 1
0 cos x 1 2
+
sin x sin x Y′
π /2 cos x
=∫ dx 121 A value of α such that
0 1 + cos x α+1 ∴ The graph of y = | cos x | is
dx 9
=∫
π /2 cos x (1 − cos x)
dx ∫ (x + α) (x + α + 1) = log e 8 is Y
y=|cos x|
0 1 − cos2 x α
π /2 cos x − cos2 x [2019, 12 April Shift-II]
=∫ dx 1
0 sin2 x (a) − 2 (b)
π /2 2
=∫ (cosec x cot x − cot x) dx 2
0 1
π /2 (c) − (d) 2 X′
O π/2 π
X
=∫ (cosec x cot x − cosec x + 1) dx 2
2
0 Y′
= [− cosec x + cot x + x] π0 /2 Ans. (a)
π
π /2 π
cos x − 1 α+ 1
dx ∴ I = ∫ | cos x |3 = 2 ∫ 2 | cos x |3dx
= x+ Let I = ∫
0 0
sin x 0 π
α
(x + α) (x + α + 1) (Qy = | cos x | is symmetric about x = )
π /2 2
2 x α+ 1
− 2 sin (x + α + 1) − (x + α) π
π
= x +
2
= ∫ (x + α) (x + α + 1)
dx = 2∫ 2 cos3x dx Qcos x ≥ 0 for x ∈ 0,
2
x
2 sin cos
x α
0
2 2 0 α+ 1 Now, as cos3x = 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x
1 1
= x − tan
x
π /2 = ∫ − dx
x + α x + α + 1
1
∴ cos3 x = (cos3x + 3 cos x)
2 0
α 4
π
π = [log e (x + α) − log e (x + α + 1)] αα + 1 2 2
4 ∫0
= −1 α+ 1
∴ I= ( cos3x + 3 cos x) dx
2 x + α π
1 = log e
= [ π − 2] x + α + 1 α 1 sin3x 2
= + 3 sin x
2 2 3 0
= m [ π + n] 2α + 1 2α
[given] = log e − log e
1 2α + 2 2α + 1 1 1 3π π 1
On comparing, we get m = and n = − 2 = sin + 3 sin − sin0 + 3 sin0
2 2α + 1 2α + 1 2 3 2 2 3
∴ m⋅ n = − 1 = log e ×
2α + 2 2α
= (−1) + 3 − [0 + 0]
Alternate Solution 1 1
π /2 cot x 9 2 3
Let I = ∫ dx = log e (given)
0 cot x + cosec x 8 3π π π
cos x (2 α + 1)2 9 Qsin 2 = sin π + 2 = − sin 2 = − 1
⇒ =
π /2
=∫ sin x 4α (α + 1) 8
= − + 3 =
dx 1 1 4
0 cos x 1
+ 2 3 3
sin x sin x ⇒8 [4α2 + 4α + 1] = 36 (α2 + α)
226 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
π /3 tan θ 1 π 1 1 1π
123 If ∫ dθ =1 − , (k > 0),
Y
y=f(x) = −1 + + (0 + 1) + (1 − 0) + − 1
0 2k sec θ 2 2 2 4 5 2
1 1 1 π π
then the value of k is = −1 + + − + +
[2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II] X 2 4 5 2 10
– √2 √2 ∴
1 O f(x) < 0 for – √2 < x < √2 −20 + 10 + 5 − 4 5 π + π
(a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 4 + – – + = +
2 20 10
– √2 0 √2
Ans. (c) 9 3π 3
=− + = (4 π − 3)
tan θ
π/3 1 Note that the definite integral 20 5 20
We have, ∫ dθ = 1 − , (k >0)
2k sec θ
b 4
2
∫ (x − 2x )dx represent the area
0 2
x 1
π/3 tan θ
a 126 If ∫ f (t) dt = x 2 + ∫ t 2f (t)dt, then
Let I = ∫ dθ bounded byy = f (x) , x = a, b and the X 0 x
0 2k sec θ -axis. But between x = − 2 and 1
f ′ is
1 π / 3 tanθ x = 2, f (x) lies below the X-axis and so 2
2k ∫0
= dθ [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II]
secθ value definite integral will be negative. 24 18
1 π/3 (sin θ) Also, as long as f (x) lie below the X-axis, (a) (b)
2k ∫0
= dθ the value of definite integral will be 25 25
1 6 4
(cos θ) minimum. (c) (d)
cosθ 25 5
∴ (a, b) = (− 2, 2) for minimum of I.
1 π / 3 sin θ
2k ∫0
= dθ Ans. (a)
cos θ π /2 dx
125 The value of ∫ , x 1 2
∫0 f (t) dt = x + ∫x t f (t)dt
2
− π / 2 [x] + [sin x] + 4 Given,
Let cosθ = t ⇒ − sinθ dθ = dt
⇒ sinθ dθ = − dt where [t] denotes the greatest On differentiating both sides, w.r.t. ‘x’,
for lower limit,θ = 0 ⇒t = cos0 = 1 we get
integer less than or equal to t, is
π π 1 f (x) = 2x + 0 − x2f (x)
for upper limit,θ = ⇒t = cos = [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II]
d
3 3 2 ψ (x )
1 1 d d
1 1/ 2 − dt −1 1/ 2 −
1 (a) (7π − 5)
12
(b)
12
(7π + 5) ∫
Q f (t)dt = f (ψ(x)) ψ(x) − f (φ(x)) φ(x)
dx φ (x )
2k ∫1 2k ∫
⇒ I= = t 2 dt dx dx
t 1 3 3
1
(c) (4 π − 3) (d) (4 π − 3) ⇒ (1 + x2 ) f (x) = 2x
10 20
1
− +1 2 ⇒ f (x) =
2x
1 t 2 1
1
Ans. (d)
=− =− [2 t ] 21 π
1 + x2
2k − 1 + 1 2k
Let I = ∫ 2
dx On differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’ we get
2 1 −π [x] + [sin x] + 4 (1 + x2 )(2) − (2x) (0 + 2x)
2 1 2 1
2 f ′ (x) =
=− − 1 = 1 − −1 dx 0 dx (1 + x2 )2
2k 2 2 2 = ∫− π + ∫−1 [x] + [sin x] + 4
k [x] + [sin x] + 4 2 + 2x − 4x2 2 − 2x2
2
1
2 = =
π (1 + x2 )2 (1 + x2 )2
Q I = 1− (given) 1 dx dx
+∫
[x] + [sin x] + 4 ∫ 1 [x] + [sin x] + 4
2 + 2 2
1
2 − 2
0 1
2 1 1 2 2−2
∴ 1 − = 1− ⇒ =1 −2, − π /2 < x < −1 1 2 4
2k 2 2 2k ∴ f′ = =
− 1, − 1 ≤ x < 0 2 2
2
1+ 1
2
1
⇒ 2 = 2k ⇒ 2k = 4 ⇒k = 2 Q [x] = 1+
0≤ x< 1 2 4
b 0,
1, 1 ≤ x < π /2
124 Let I = ∫ (x 4 − 2x 2 ) dx. If I is 1 3
2−
a − 1, − π /2 < x < −1 2 24
−1, − 1 < x < 0 = 2
= 2 =
minimum, then the ordered pair 5 25 25
and [sin x] =
(a, b) is [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] 0, 0 < x < 1 4 16
(a) (− 2 , 0) 0, 1 < x < π /2
(b) (0, 2 ) [QFor x < 0 , − 1 ≤ sin x < 0 and for x > 0, 127 The value of the integral
(c) ( 2 , − 2 ) 0 < sinx ≤ 1] 2 sin 2 x
(d) (− 2 , 2 ) So, ∫−2 x 1 dx
−1 dx 0 dx 1 dx +
Ans. (d) I = ∫− π +∫
−1 −1 − 1 + 4 ∫0 0 + 0 + 4
+ π 2
b
We have, I = ∫ (x 4 − 2x2 )dx 2
− 2 − 1 + 4
a π (where, [x] denotes the greatest
dx
Let f (x) = x 4 − 2x2 = x2 (x2 − 2) +∫2 integer less than or equal to x) is
1 1+ 0 + 4
= x2 (x − 2) (x + 2) π [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
−1 dx 0 dx 1 dx dx
=∫ (a) 4 − sin4
Graph of y = f (x) = x − 2x is 4 2
−π
1
+ ∫−1 2 ∫0 4
+ +∫
1
2
5
(b) 4
2 (c) sin 4 (d) 0
Integral Calculus 227
π π 1
⇒ x + (log e x − log e e) dx = dt
Ans. (d) x 1
sin x
2 2 6 4 x t
Let I=∫ dx 5
1
t 1
+
−2 1 x 1
2 π
3
⇒ ( 1 + log e x − 1) dx = dt
t
sin2 x 1
Also, let f (x) = 1 1 1 dt ⇒ (log e x) dx = dt
1 x ∴I= ⋅ ∫ t
+ 5
2 5 (1/ 3 ) t2 + 1
2 π Also, upper limit x = e
1 1
sin2 (− x) = (tan−1 (t)) 1 ⇒ t = 1 and lower limit x = 1 ⇒t =
Then,f (− x) = 10 (1 / 3 ) 5 e
1 x
I = ∫ t2 − ⋅ dt
+ − 1 1 1
1 1 ∴
2 π = tan−1 (1) − tan−1 1/ e t t
10 9 3
(replacing x by − x) ⇒ I=∫
1
(t − t −2 ) dt
sin2 x 1 π 1 1/ e
= = − tan−1
9 3
1
1 x 10 4 t2 1
+ − 1 − I = +
2 π
2 t 1
− [x], if x ∈I 129 Let f and g be continuous e
Q[− x] = 1 1
− 1 − [x], if x ∉I functions on [0, a] such that = + 1 − 2 + e
f (x) = f (a − x) and g (x) + g (a − x) = 4, 2 2e
sin2 x
⇒ f (− x) = − = − f (x) a
1 x
+
then ∫ f (x) g (x) dx is equal to 3
= −e− 2
1
0
2 π [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
2 2e
i.e. f (x) is odd function a a 131 Let f : R → R be a continuously
(a) 4 ∫ f (x) dx (b) ∫ f (x) dx
∴ I =0 0 0
differentiable function such that
a a
a 0, if f (x) is odd function (c) 2 ∫ f (x) dx (d) − 3∫ f (x) dx 1
Q ∫− a f (x) dx = a 0 0 f (2) = 6 and f ′ (2) = . If
∫0 48
2 f (x) dx, if f (x) is even function
Ans. (c) f ( x)
128 The integral Let
0
a
I = ∫ f (x) g (x) dx … (i) ∫6 4t 3 dt = (x − 2)g (x), then lim g (x)
x→ 2
π /4 dx is equal to
∫π / 6 sin2x (tan 5 x + cot 5 x) equals
a
= ∫ f (a − x) g (a − x) dx [2019, 12 April Shift-I]
0
(a) 18
Q a f (x) dx = a
∫0 ∫0 f (a − x) dx (b) 24
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
(c) 12
a
1 π 1 ⇒ I = ∫ f (x) [4 − g (x)] dx (d) 36
(a) − tan− 1 0
54 3 3 Ans. (a)
[Qf (x) = f (a − x) and g (x) + g (a − x) = 4] f (x )
1 1 Given ∫ 4t 3dt = (x − 2) g (x)
tan− 1
a a
(b) = ∫ 4f (x) dx − ∫ f (x) g (x) dx 6
20 9 3 0 0
f (x )
1 π ⇒
a
I = 4 ∫ f (x) dx − I [from Eq. (i)] ∫ 4t 3 dt
− 1 1 ⇒ g (x) = 6 [provided x ≠ 2]
− tan
0
(c) (x − 2)
10 4 9 3 a a
⇒ 2I = 4 ∫ f (x) dx ⇒ I = 2 ∫ f (x) dx f (x )
∫6 4t 3dt
0 0
π
(d) So, lim g (x) = lim
e x e x
2x
130 The integral ∫ −
40 x→2 x→2 x −2
Ans. (c) 1 e x Q0 form as x → 2 ⇒ f (2) = 6
π /4 dx log e x dx is equal to 0
Let I = ∫ [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
π /6 4(f (x)) 3f ′ (x)
sin2x (tan5 x + cot5 x) lim g (x) = lim
3 1 1 1 1 x→2 x→2 1
π /4 (1 + tan2 x) tan5 x (a) −e− 2 (b) −+ −
=∫ dx 2 2e 2 e 2 e2 d φ 2 (x )
π / 6 2 tan x (tan10 x + 1) 1 1 3 1 1 Q
dx ∫φ f (t) dt = f (φ 2 (x)), φ 2′ (x) − f (φ 1 (x)) ⋅ φ ′1 (x)
(c) − e − 2 (d) − − 2 1 (x )
2 tan x 2 e 2 e 2e
Qsin2x = On applying limit, we get
1 + tan2 x Ans. (a) 1
1 π / 4 tan4 x sec2 x lim g (x) = 4(f (2)) 3f ′ (2) = 4 × (6) 3 ,
= ∫ dx e x 2 x e x x→2 48
Let I = ∫ − log e x dx
2 π / 6 (tan10 x + 1) x 1
e
1
Qf (2) = 6 and f ′ (2) =
48
Put tan x = t
5
[Qsec x = 1 + tan x]
2 2 x
Now, put = t ⇒ x log e = log t
x x 4 × 216
⇒ 5 tan x sec x dx = dt
4 2 e e = = 18
48
⇒ x (log e x − log e e) = log t
228 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
2 3π / 4 dx
132 ⇒ log l = ∫ log (1 + x) dx 135 ∫ is equal to
n
0 π /4 1 + cos x
n n 1 2
lim 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + ... +
⇒ log l = log (1 + x) ⋅ x − ∫
1
⋅ x dx [JEE Main 2017 (Offline)]
n → ∞ n +1 n +2 n +3 5 n 1+ x
0 (a) − 2 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) − 1
is equal to [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] 2 x + 1 − 1 Ans. (b)
⇒ log l = [log (1 + x) ⋅ x]20 − ∫ dx
(a) tan− 1 (3) (b) tan− 1 (2) 0 1+ x 3π / 4
dx 3π / 4 1 − cos x
Let I = ∫
1 + cos x ∫π / 4 1 − cos2 x
= dx
(c) π / 4 (d) π /2 2 1 π/4
⇒ log l = 2 ⋅ log 3 − ∫ 1 − dx 3π / 4 1 − cos x
Ans. (b) 0 1+ x =∫ dx
Clearly, π/4 sin2 x
⇒ log l = 2 ⋅ log 3 − [x − log 1 + x ] 20
n n n 1 3π / 4
lim + 2 2 + 2 2 + ...+ ⇒ log l = 2 ⋅ log 3 − [2 − log 3] =∫ (cosec 2 x − cosec x cot x)dx
n→ ∞ n2 + 12 n +2 n +3 5n π/4
⇒ log l = 3 ⋅ log 3 − 2 = [− cot x + cosec x] 3ππ/ /44
n n n
= lim 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 ⇒ log l = log 27 − 2 ⇒ l = e log 27 − 2 = [(1 + 2) − (− 1 + 2)] = 2
n→ ∞ n + 1 n +2 n +3 27
= 27 ⋅ e − 2 = 2
n
+ ....+ 2 e 136 The integral
n + (2n)2 sin 2 x π /2 4 log x 2
2n
= lim ∑ 2 2
n 134 The value of ∫
− π /2 1 + 2x
dx is ∫2 log x 2 + log(36 − 12x + x 2 )dx is
n→ ∞ r = 1 n + r
2n [JEE Main 2018] equal to [JEE Main 2015]
1 1 2 dx
= lim ∑ ⋅ =∫ π π
n→ ∞ r = 1 2 0 1 + x2 (a) (b) (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 6
1 +
r n
8 2 Ans. (c)
n π
(c) 4π (d) Central Idea Apply the property
pn
1 r p 4
Q lim ∑ f = ∫ 0f (x) dx
b b
n→ ∞
r =1 n n
Ans. (d) ∫a f (x)dx = ∫a f (a + b − x) dx and then
= [tan−1 x]20 = tan−1 2 Key Idea ad(d)
b b 4 log x2
(n + 1)(n + 2) K 3n
1/ n
Use property = ∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x) dx Let I=∫ dx
133 lim is equal 2 log x + log(36 − 12x + x2 )
2
a a
n→ ∞ n 2n 4 2log x
π /2
sin2 x =∫ dx
to [JEE Main 2016] Let I= ∫ 1 + 2x dx 2 2log x + log(6 − x)2
18 27 − π /2 4 2log xdx
(a) (b) π π =∫
e4 e2 π /2 sin2 − + − x 2 2 [log x + log(6 − x )]
2 2
9
(c) 2 (d) 3log 3 − 2 ⇒ I= ∫ π π
−
dx
+ −x ⇒ I=∫
4 log xdx
…(i)
e − π /2
1+ 2 2 2 2 [log x + log(6 − x)]
Ans. (b) b 4 log(6 − x)
I=∫
b
⇒ dx …(ii)
1
Q∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (a + b − x)dx 2 log(6 − x) + log x
(n + 1) ⋅ (n + 2) K (3n) n a
Let l = lim a
n→ ∞ n2 n Q bf (x)dx = bf (a + b − x)dx
∫a ∫a
π /2
1 sin2 x
(n + 1) ⋅ (n + 2) ... (n + ⇒ I= ∫ dx
= lim
2n) n 1 + 2− x adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
− π /2
n→ ∞ n2 n 4 log x + log(6 − x)
π /2 2I = ∫ dx
2x sin2 x 2 log x + log(6 − x)
1 ⇒ I= ∫ 2x + 1
dx
4
n + 1 n + 2 n + 2n n
= lim ⇒ 2I = ∫ dx = [x]24
− π /2
K
n→ ∞ n n n 2
π /2
2x + 1 ⇒ 2I = 2 ⇒ I = 1
Taking log on both sides, we get
⇒ 2I = ∫ sin2 x x
2 + 1
dx
− π /2
1
log l = lim π /2 π /2
137 The integral
n→ ∞ n
π x x
⇒ 2I = ∫ sin x dx ⇒ 2I = 2 ∫ sin x dx
2 2
1 2 2n − π /2
∫0 1 + 4 sin 2
2
− 4 sin dx is equal
2
log 1 + n 1 + n ... 1 + n
0
[Q sin2 x is an even function] to [JEE Main 2014]
1 π /2 π /2
2π
⇒ log l = lim (a) π −4 −4 −4 3
⇒ I= ∫ sin xdx ⇒ I= ∫ cos xdx
2 2 (b)
n→ ∞ n 3 π
0 0
(c) 4 3 − 4 (d) 4 3 − 4 −
2n a a
log 1 + + log 1 + + ... + log 1 +
1 2 3
Q∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (a − x)dx
n n n 0 Ans. (d)
0
π /2
1 2n 2
⇒ log l = lim ∑ log 1 + π x
r π /2 π π x
n→ ∞ n
r =1
n
⇒ 2I = ∫ dx ⇒ 2I = [x] 0 ⇒ I = 4 ∫0 1 − 2 sin dx = ∫0 | 1 − 2 sin |dx
2 2
0
Integral Calculus 229
π
x π x x f ′′( π) = − π < 0
= ∫ 3 1 − 2 sin dx = ∫π 1 − 2 sin dx 139 If g (x) = ∫ cos 4t dt, then g (x + π) is
0 2 2 So, f (x) has local maximum at x = π.
3 0
equal to f ′′(2 π) = π > 0
x − a, x ≥ a [AIEEE 2012]
Q| x − a | = − (x − a), x < a g (x ) So, f (x) has local minimum at x = 2π.
(a) (b) g (x ) + g (π )
g (π ) 1 8 log (1 + x)
π
x
(c) g (x ) − g (π ) (d) g (x ) ⋅ g (π )
141 The value of ∫ dx is
x 3 x 0
1+ x2
= x + 4 cos − x + 4 cos
2 0 2 π
[AIEEE 2011]
Ans. (b, c)
3 x
π Given Integral g (x) = ∫ cos 4t dt π π
= 4 3 −4− 0 (a) log 2 (b) log 2
3 8 2
To find g (x + π) in terms of g (x) and g( π).
x (c) log2 (d) π log2
138 Statement I The value of the g (x) = ∫ cos 4t dt Ans. (d)
0
π /3 dx
integral ∫ is equal to t =x + π 1 8 log (1 + x)
π / 6 1 + tan x ⇒ g (x + π) = ∫ cos 4t dt Let I = ∫ dx
t =0 0 (1 + x2 )
x x+π
π/6 . = ∫ cos 4t dt + ∫x cos 4t dt Put x = tanθ ⇒ dx = sec2 θd θ
0
Statement II When x = 0 ⇒ tanθ = 0
= g (x) + I 1 [say]
b b ∴ θ=0
∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x) dx
a a where, I 1 = ∫
x+π π
cos 4t dt = ∫ cos 4t dt When x = 1 = tanθ
[JEE Main 2013] x 0 π
⇒ θ=
(a) Statement I is true Statement II is [using definite integral property] 4
π / 4 8log (1 + tanθ)
true; Statement II is a correct = g( π) ∴ I=∫ ⋅ sec2 θd θ
explanation of Statement I π
0 1 + tan2 θ
I 1 =
sin 4t π/4
Also, =8∫ log (1 + tan θ) d θ
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is 4 0 0
true; Statement II is not a correct π/4
sin 4 π sin 0 I =8∫
explanation of Statement I = − =0 0
log (1 + tan θ) d θ …(i)
4 4 a a
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is Using ∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a − x) dx
i.e., the value of I 1 is zero. 0 0
false
Since, g ( π) = I 1 = 0, so value of g (x + π) ∴
π
log 1 + tan − θ d θ
(d) Statement I is false, Statement II is π/4
does not depend on g( π) and we can add I =8∫
true or subtract g ( π) to or from g (x).
0 4
Ans. (d) Hence, g (x + π) = g (x) + g ( π) π/4 1 − tan θ
=8∫ log 1 + dθ
π/3 dx or g (x) − g ( π) 0
1 + tan θ
Let I = ∫ …(i)
π/6 1+ tan x 5π π/4 2
140 For x ∈ 0, , define =8∫ log dθ …(ii)
π/3 dx 2
0
1 + tan θ
∴ I=∫
π/6
π f (x) = ∫
x On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
1+ tan − x t sint dt. Then, f has
2 0
π/4 2
π/3 [AIEEE 2011] 2I = 8 ∫ log { 1 + tan θ} + log d θ
dx
=∫ 0
1 + tan θ
π / 6 1 + cot x (a) local minimum at π and 2π.
π/4
(b) local minimum at π and local ⇒ I =4∫ log 2 d θ
π/3 tan x dx 0
⇒ I=∫ …(ii) maximum at 2π.
π/6 1+ tan x (c) local maximum at π and local = 4⋅log 2(θ) 0π / 4
minimum at 2π. π
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get = 4 log 2⋅ − 0
(d) local maximum at π and 2π. 4
π/3
2I = ∫ dx Ans. (c)
π /6 = π log2
x
⇒ 2I = [x] ππ // 36 Here, f (x) = ∫ t sin t dt, where
0
142 Let [ ] denotes the greatest integer
1 π π π 5 π
∴ I= − = x ∈ 0, function, then the value of
2 3 6 12 2 1. 5
Hence, Statement I is false. f ′ (x) = { x sin x − 0 } …(i) ∫0 x [x 2] dx is
[AIEEE 2011]
b b [using Newton-Leibnitz formula]
But ∫a f (x) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x) dx is a true
a ∴ f ′ (x) = x sin x = 0 ⇒ sin x = 0 (a)
5
(b) 0
4
statement by property of definite ∴ x = π,2 π 3 3
(c) (d)
integrals. 1 2 4
f ′′(x) = x cos x + sin x
2 x
230 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
π
Ans. (d) ⇒ I=∫ [cot ( π − x)] dx e log t e t log t − dt
0 =∫ dt − ∫ × 2
Here, ∫
1. 5
x [x ] dx 2 1 1+ t 1 (1 + t) t
π
0 =∫ [− cot x] dx …(ii) e log t e log t
1 2 1. 5
0 =∫ dt + ∫1 dt
I = ∫ x ⋅0 dx + 1+ t t (1 + t)
0 ∫1 x ⋅ 1 dx + ∫ 2
x ⋅2 dx On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
1
π π e log t e log t e log t
2I = ∫ =∫ dt + ∫1 dt − ∫
[cot x] dx + ∫0 [− cot x] dx dt
2
x2 1 1+ t t 1 (1 + t)
= 0 + + [x2 ] 1. 25 0
2 1 =∫
π
(− 1) dx
e log t 1 1 1
=∫ dt Qt (1 + t) = t − t + 1
1 0 1
= {2 − 1} + {(1.5)2 − 2} t
2 − 1 if x ∉Z e
Q[x] + [− x] = (log t)2 1 1
1 1 1 3 = = [(log e) − (log 1) ] =
2 2
= + 225
. − 2= + = 0,if x ∈ Z 2 2 2
2 2 4 4 1
= [− x] π0 = − π
π 147 The solution for x of the equation
143 Let p (x) be a function defined on R ∴ I=− x dt π
f (3x)
= 1,
2
∫ 2 2 = 2 is [AIEEE 2007]
such that lim
1 sin x t t −1
x → ∞ f (x)
145 If I = ∫ dx and 3
p ′ (x) = p ′ (1 − x), for all x ∈[0, 1],
0 x (a) − 2 (b) π (c) (d) 2 2
1 cos x 2
J=∫
1
p(0) = 1 and p(1) = 41. Then, ∫ p (x) dx 0
dx. Then, which one of Ans. (a)
0 x πx dt
is equal to [AIEEE 2010] the following is true? [AIEEE 2008] Given,
t t −1
∫2 2 2
=
(a) 41 (b) 21 2 2
(a) I > and J < 2 (b) I > and J > 2 π
(c) 41 (d) 42 3 3 ⇒ [sec−1 t] x =
2 2
Ans. (b) 2 2 π
(c) I < and J < 2 (d) I < and J > 2 ⇒ sec−1 x − sec−1 2 =
3 3 2
We have, p′(x) = p′ (1 − x), ∀ x ∈ [0 , 1],
Ans. (c) π π 3π
p (0) = 1, p (1) = 41 [given] ⇒ sec−1 x = + =
1 sin x 1 x 2 4 4
On integrating, we get Since, I = ∫ dx < ∫ dx, 3π
0 x 0 x ∴ x = sec =− 2
∫ p′ (x) dx = ∫ p′ (1 − x) dx because in x ∈ (0, 1), x > sin x
4
⇒ p (x) = − p (1 − x) + C 6 x
⇒ I<∫
1 2
x dx = [x 3/ 2 ] 10 ⇒ I <
2 148 The value of ∫ dx is
Put x = 1; p(1) = − p(0) + C 3
9− x + x
0 3 3
⇒ 41 = − 1 + C 1 [AIEEE 2006]
1 cos x 1 −
⇒ C = 42 and J = ∫ dx < ∫ x 2 dx (a) 3/2 (b) 2
0 x 0
∴ p (x) + p (1 − x) = 42 (c) 1 (d) 1/2
1 = 2 [x 1/ 2 ] 10 = 2 Ans. (a)
Now, I = ∫ p (x) dx
0 ∴ J<2 6 x
1 Let I = ∫ dx …(i)
⇒ I = ∫ p (1 − x) dx 3 9− x + x
146 If F (x) = f (x) + f ,
0 1
Q a f (x) dx = a f (a − x) dx x 6 9− x
∫ 0 ∫0 x log t
=∫ dx
9−9+ x + 9− x
where f (x) = ∫
3
dt. Then, F (e) is
1 1 1+t
⇒ 2I = ∫ [(p (x) + p (1 − x)] dx [on adding] 6 9− x
0 equal to [AIEEE 2007] ⇒ I=∫ dx …(ii)
1
3 x + 9− x
= ∫ 42dx = 42 1
(a) (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
0
2 On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
∴ I = 21 Ans. (a) 6 x + 9− x
2I = ∫ dx = [x] 63 = 6 − 3
π log t x
x + 9− x
Since, f (x) = ∫
3
144 ∫ [cot x] dx, where [] denotes the 1 1+ t
dt and
3
0 ∴ I=
2
F (e) = f (e) + f
greatest integer function, is equal 1
e − π /2
to [AIEEE 2009] 149 ∫ [(x + π) 3 + cos 2 (x + 3π)] dx is
− 3π / 2
π π F ( e) = ∫
e log t 1/ e log t
(a)
2
(b) 1 (c) − 1 (d) −
2
⇒
1 1+ t
dt + ∫1 1+ t
dt
equal to [AIEEE 2006]
1 π4 π π
Ans. (d) Put t = in second integration (a) + (b)
π t 32 2 2
Let I = ∫ [cot x] dx …(i) e log t e − log t 1
∴ F ( e) = ∫ dt + ∫ π π4
1 t
0 d
1 1+ t 1
1+ (c) − 1 (d)
4 32
t
Integral Calculus 231
Ans. (b) a Ans. (a)
− π /2
151 The value of ∫ [x]f ′ (x) dx, a > 1,
1
Let I = ∫
2
[(x + π) + cos (x + 3 π)] dx
3 2
(log x − 1)
− 3π /2
− π /2
where [x] denotes the greatest ∫ 1 + (log x)2 dx
⇒ I=∫ [(x + π) 3 + cos2 x] dx …(i) integer not exceeding x, is
− 3π /2
[AIEEE 2006] (log x)2 + 1 − 2 log x
π 3 π 3 =∫ dx
− π /2 (a) [a] f (a ) − { f (1) + f (2) + ... + f ([a])} [(log x)2 + 1]2
⇒ I=∫ − − − x − π
− 3π /2
2 2 (b) [a] f ([a]) − { f (1) + f (2) + ... + f (a )}
(log x)2 + 1 − 2 x log x ⋅
1
2 π 3π (c) af ([a]) − { f (1) + f (2) + ... + f (a )}
+ cos − − − x dx =∫ x dx
2 2 (d) af (a ) − { f (1) + f (2) + ... + f ([a])} [(log x)2 + 1]2
Q b f (x) dx = b f (a + b − x) dx Ans. (a)
∫ a ∫a =∫
d x
Since, dx
a 2 3 dx
(log x) 2
+ 1
∫ [x]f ′ (x) dx = ∫ f ′ (x) dx + ∫2 2f ′ (x) dx
− π /2
⇒ I=∫ [− (x + π) 3 + cos2 x] dx …(ii) 1 1 x
− 3π /2 = +C
a (log x)2 + 1
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
− π /2
+ ... + ∫ [a ] [a]f ′ (x) dx
Alternate Solution
2I = ∫ 2 cos2 x dx = [f (x)]21 + 2 [f (x)]23 + ... + [a][f (x)] a[a ] 2
− 3π / 2
(log x − 1)
− π /2 = f (2) − f (1) + 2f (3) − 2f (2) + ... Let I = ∫ 2
dx
− π /2 sin 2x 1 + (log x)
=∫ (1 + cos 2x) dx = x + + [a] f (a) − [a] f ([a])
− 3π / 2 2 −3π /2
= [a] f (a) − {f (1) + f (2) + ... + f ([a])} and t = log x
π sin (− π) 3 π sin (−3 π) ⇒ x = e t ⇒ dx = e t dt
= − + − − +
2 2 2 2 152 2
t−1 t
π 3π ∴ I =∫ 2
e dt
=− + =π 1 1 2 4 n
lim 2 sec 2 2 + 2 sec 2 2 +...+ 2 sec 21 1 + t
2 2 n→ ∞n n n n n
π (1 + t2 ) − 2t
∴ I= is equal to [AIEEE 2005] =∫ ⋅ e tdt
2 ( 1 + t2 ) 2
π 1
150 ∫ xf (sin x) dx is equal to (a)
2
tan 1 (b) tan1
=∫
et
⋅dt − ∫
2te t
⋅dt
0
[AIEEE 2006] 1 1 1+ t 2
( 1 + t2 ) 2
π π π /2 (c) cosec 1 (d) sec 1
(a) π ∫ f (sin x ) dx (b) ∫0 f (sin x ) dx 2 2 Using by parts,
0 2 Ans. (a) 1 −1
π /2 π I= ⋅et − ∫ ⋅2t ⋅ e t dt
(c) π ∫ f (cos x ) dx (d) π ∫ f (cos x ) dx 1 + t2 ( 1 + t2 ) 2
Let A = lim 2 sec2 2 + 2 sec2 2
1 1 2 4
0 0
n→ ∞ n n n n 2t e t
Ans. (c) −∫ dt
+ ... + 2 sec2 1
n ( 1 + t2 ) 2
π
Let I = ∫ x f (sin x) dx …(i) n
0 et 2t e t 2t e t
⇒ I=∫
π
( π − x)f [sin ( π − x)] dx
1 1 1
2
= lim sec2 + sec2
2 2
2 =
1+ t 2
+ ∫ (1 + t2 )2 dt − ∫ (1 + t2 )2 dt
0 n→ ∞ n n n n n
π et x
⇒ I=∫ ( π − x) f (sin x) dx ∴ I= +C= +C
…(ii) n
2
+ ... + sec2
0 n 1 + t2 (log x)2 + 1
n n
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
π
2I = ∫ πf (sin x) dx 1 n r 2 r
2 154 Let f : R → R be a differentiable
0 = lim
n→ ∞
∑ sec n
n r = 1 n 1
π π
function having f (2) = 6, f ′ (2) = .
⇒ I=
2 ∫0 f (sin x) dx …(iii)
1 48
⇒ A = ∫ x sec2 (x2 ) dx 3
2a 2 f (x) dx, if f (2a − x) = f (x)
a 0 f ( x) 4t
Q∫ f (x) dx = ∫0 dt Then, lim ∫ dt is equal to
Put x2 = t ⇒ xdx = x→ 2 6 x −2
0
0 ,if f (2a − x) = − f (x) 2
π /2 1 1 1 1 [AIEEE 2005]
2 ∫0
⇒ I= π∫ f (sin x) dx A= sec2 t dt = [tan t] 10 = tan 1
0 2 2 (a) 18 (b) 12
π π 2 (c) 36 (d) 24
Put − x =t⇒ x = −t (log x − 1)
2 2 153 ∫ 2
dx is equal to Ans. (a)
Put dx = − dt in Eq. (iii), we get 1 + (log x) f (x )
π π /2 f (x ) 4t 3 ∫6 4t 3 dt
I= ∫
2 − π /2
f (cos t) dt [AIEEE 2005] lim
x→2 ∫6 x −2
dt = lim
x→2 (x − 2)
x xe x
π π /2 π /2 (a) + C (b) +C form 0
= ∫ f (cos x) dx = π ∫ f (cos x) dx (log x )2 + 1 1 + x2
2 − π /2 0 0
x log x
[Qf (cos x) is an even function] (c) 2 +C (d) +C [by Leibnitz’s rule]
x +1 (log x )2 + 1
232 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
π /2 π /2
4 {f (x)} 3 3 ⇒ A∫ f (sin x) dx = π ∫ f (sin x) dx
= lim
x→2 1
f ′ (x) = 4 { f (2)} 3f ′ (2) 157 The value of ∫ |1 − x 2 | dx is 0 0
−2
QI = A π /2 f (sin x) dx,given
= 4 × (6) 3 ×
1 [AIEEE 2004] ∫0
48 28 14 7 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) ∴ A= π
1 3 3 3 3
Qf (2) = 6 and f ′ (2) = ,given
48 ex
Ans. (a) 160 If f (x) = ,
= 18 3 −1 1+ ex
∫ −2 |1 − x | dx = ∫ (x2 − 1) dx
2
f ( a)
1 2 1 3 −2
I1 = ∫ xg [x (1 − x)] dx and
155 If I 1 = ∫ 2 x
dx, I 2 = ∫ 2 x
dx, 1 3 f ( − a)
0
2 x2
0
2 3
+ ∫−1 (1 − x2 ) dx + ∫1 (x2 − 1) dx
I2 = ∫
f ( a)
g [x (1 − x)] dx, then the
I3 = ∫ 2 dx and I 4 = ∫ 2 x dx, x3
−1 1 3 f ( − a)
1 1 x3 x3 I2
= − x + x − + − x
value of is
then [AIEEE 2005] 3 −2 3 −1 3 1 I1 [AIEEE 2004]
(a) I 3 > I 4 (b) I 3 = I 4
= − + 1 + − 2 + 1 − + 1 −
1 8 1 1 (a) 2 (b) – 3 (c) –1 (d) 1
(c) I 1 > I2 (d) I2 > I 1 3 3 3 3 Ans. (a)
Ans. (c)
+ 9 − 3 − + 1
1 ex
Given that, 4 4 20 28 3 Given that, f (x) =
1 2 1 3 = + + = 1 + ex
I 1 = ∫ 2 x dx I2 = ∫ 2 x dx, 3 3 3 3
0 0 ea
∴ f (a) = …(i)
2 2 π / 2 (sin x + cos x) 2 1 + ea
158 The value of ∫
2 3
I 3 = ∫ 2 x dx and I 4 = ∫ 2 x dx dx
1 1 0 1 + sin 2x e −a 1
x3 x2 and f (−a) = = …(ii)
Since, 2 <2 for 0 < x < 1 is [AIEEE 2004] 1 + e −a 1 + e a
and
3
2 x > 2 x for x > 1
2 (a) 0 (b) 1 On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
(c) 2 (d) 3
1 3 1 2 f (a) + f (−a) = 1
∴ ∫0 2 dx < ∫ 2
x x
dx Ans. (c)
0
⇒ f (a) = 1 − f (−a)
2 3 2 2 π /2 (sin x + cos x)2
and ∫1 2 x dx > ∫ 2 x dx
1
Now, ∫
0 1 + sin 2x
dx Let f (−a) = t
⇒ f (a) = 1 − t
⇒ I2 < I 1 and I 4 > I 3 π /2 (sin x + cos x)2 1− t
2 =∫ dx Now, I 1 = ∫ xg [x (1 − x)] dx …(iii)
π cos x 0
(sin x + cos x)2 t
156 The value of∫ dx, where
−π 1+a x QI = bf (x) dx = bf (a + b − x) dx
∫a ∫a
π /2
=∫ (sin x + cos x) dx
a > 0, is [AIEEE 2005] 0
π 1− t
(a) 2π (b) = [− cos x + sin x] π0 / 2 ⇒ I1 = ∫ (1 − x) g [x (1 − x)] dx …(iv)
a π π t
π = − cos + sin + cos 0 − sin 0
(c) (d) aπ 2 2 On adding Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
2 1− t
= −0 + 1 + 1 − 0 = 2 2I 1 = ∫ g [x (1 − x)] dx = I2 [given]
Ans. (c) t
π cos2 x π π /2 I2
Let I = ∫ dx, a > 0 …(i) 159 If ∫ xf (sin x) dx = A ∫ f (sin x) dx, ∴ =2
−π 1+ ax 0 0 I1
Put x = − x, we get then A is equal to [AIEEE 2004] n
1
I=∫
π cos2 x
dx …(ii)
(a) 0 (b) π (c) π/4 (d) 2π 161 lim
n→ ∞
∑ n
e r / n is equal to
−π 1 + a −x r =1
Ans. (b) [AIEEE 2004]
π
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Let I = ∫ xf (sin x) dx …(i) (a) e (b) e − 1 (c) 1 − e (d) e + 1
0
π (1 + a x ) cos2 x π
π Ans. (b)
2I = ∫ dx = ∫ cos2 x dx ∴ I=∫ ( π − x)f [sin ( π − x)] dx
−π (1 + a )x − π n
1 r /n 1
∑
0
π Now, lim e = ∫ e x dx = [ e x ] 10
π cos2 x + 1 ⇒ I=∫ ( π − x)f (sin x) dx …(ii) n→ ∞ n 0
=∫ dx 0
r =1
−π 2 =e−1
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
π
1 sin 2 x
=
+ x 2I = ∫
π
(x + π − x) f (sin x) dx 162 If f ( y) = e y , g ( y ) = y; y > 0 and
2 2 −π 0 t
π F (t) = ∫ f (t − y )g ( y ) dy, then
⇒ 2I = π ∫ f (sin x) dx 0
1 sin 2 π sin (−2 π) 0 [AIEEE 2003]
= + π − − π
2 2 2
⇒ 2I = 2 π ∫
π /2
f (sin x) dx (a) F (t) = 1 − e (1 + t) −t
1 π 0 (b) F (t) = e t − (1 + t)
⇒ 2I = ( π + π) ∴ I = π /2
2 2 ⇒ I= π∫ f (sin x) dx (c) F (t) = te t
0
(d) F (t) = te − t
Integral Calculus 233
d e sin x
Ans. (b) Again using L’Hospital rule, 167 Let F (x) = , x > 0.
Given that,f ( y) = e y , g ( y) = y 2x ⋅ 2 sec2 x2 ⋅ tan x2 ⋅ 2x + 2 sec2 x2 dx x
t = lim
and F (t) = ∫ f (t − y) g ( y) dy x→ 0 − x sin x + cos x + cos x 3 sin x3
4
0 If ∫ e dx = F (k ) − F (1), then
0 + 2 sec 0 2
x 1
t
= ∫ e t − y ⋅ y dy = e t
t −y = =1
0 ∫0 e y dy 0 + 2 cos 0 one of the possible value of k,is
[AIEEE 2003]
= e t (− ye − y ) t0 − ∫ 1 (− e − y ) dy
t 1
0 165 The value of I = ∫ x (1 − x) n dx is (a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 63 (d) 64
0
Ans. (d)
= e t [(− te − t − 0) − ( e − y ) t0 ] [AIEEE 2003]
d e sin x
−t −t 1 1 Given, F (x) = , x>0
= e [− te
t
−e + 1] (a) (b) dx x
n+1 n+2
∴ F (t) = e t − (1 + t) On integrating both sides, we get
1 1 1 1
b (c) − (d) + e sin x
163 If f (a + b − x) = f (x), then ∫ xf (x) dx n+1 n+2 n+1 n+2 F (x) = ∫ dx …(i)
a x
Ans. (c) 4 3x2
is equal to [AIEEE 2003] 43 3 3
a+b b Given,
1
I = ∫ x (1 − x) dx n Also, ∫1 x
e sin x dx = ∫
1 x3
⋅ e sin x dx
2 ∫a
(a) f (b − x) dx 0
Put 1 − x = z ⇒ − dx = dz = F (k) − F (1)
a+b b
2 ∫a
(b) f (x) dx 0 Let x 3 = z ⇒ 3x2 dx = dz
∴ I = ∫ (1 − z) z (− dz)n
sin z
1 64 e
b −a b ∴ ∫1 dz = F (k) − F (1)
2 ∫a
(c) f (x) dx 1
= ∫ (1 − z) z dz n z
0
a+b b ⇒ 1 = F (k) − F (1)
[F (z)] 64
2 ∫a
(d) f (a + b + x) dx Q bf (x) dx = − a f (x) dx
∫a ∫b [from Eq.(i)]
Ans. (b) 1 ⇒ F (64) − F (1) = F (k) − F (1)
b
= ∫ (z n − z n + 1) dz ∴ k = 64
0
Let I = ∫ xf (x) dx …(i)
1
a
b zn + 1 zn + 2 168 If f (x) is a function satisfying
⇒ I = ∫ (a + b − x) f (a + b − x) dx = − f ′ (x) = f (x) with f (0) = 1 and g (x) is a
a
n + 1 n + 2 0
b 1 1
function that satisfies
⇒ I = ∫ (a + b − x)f (x) dx = − f (x) + g (x) = x 2 . Then, the value of
a
n+ 1 n+ 2 1
[Qf (a + b − x) = f (x), given] ∫ f (x)g (x) dx, is
0 [AIEEE 2003]
⇒
b
I = (a + b) ∫ f (x) dx − ∫ x f (x) dx
1 + 2 4 + 3 4
b
e2 5 e2 3
a a (a) e − − (b) e + −
+ . . . + n
4
b 2 2 2 2
⇒ I = (a + b) ∫ f (x) dx − I 166 lim 2 2
e 3 e 5
n5
a
n→ ∞ (c) e − − (d) e + +
[from Eq. (i)] 1 + 23 + 3 3 2 2 2 2
b
⇒ 2I = (a + b) ∫ f (x) dx Ans. (c)
a
+ . . . + n 3 Given, f ′ (x) = f (x) and f(0) = 1
a + b b − lim is equal to
∴ I=
2
∫a f (x) dx n→ ∞ n 5 Let f (x) = e x …(i)
2
x [AIEEE 2003] Also, f (x) + g (x) = x 2
∫0 sec 2 t dt (a) 1/30 (b) 0 ⇒ g (x) = x2 − e x …(ii)
164 The value of lim is (c) 1/4 (d) 1/5 1 1
x→ 0 x sin x
∫ 0 f (x) g (x) dx = ∫ 0 e (x − e ) dx
x 2 x
Now,
Ans. (d)
[AIEEE 2003]
(a) 3 (b) 2 1 + 24 + 34 1 + 23 + 33 [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
(c) 1 (d) –1 1 1
= ∫ x2 e x dx − ∫ e2 x dx
+ ... + n + ... + n
4 3
Ans. (c) lim − lim 0 0
n→ ∞ n5 n→ ∞ n5 1 2x 1
x2 = [x2 e x − ∫ 2 xe x dx] 10 − [e ] 0
lim
∫0 sec2 t dt
form 0 1 n r 1
4
1 n r
3 2
x→ 0 x sin x 0 = lim
n→ ∞
∑ − lim × lim ∑
n r = 1 n n → ∞ n n → ∞ n r = 1 n
1
= [x2 e x − 2 xe x + 2 e x ] 10 − (e2 − 1)
2
Using L’Hospital rule, 1 1
1 1 1 = [(x2 − 2 x + 2) e x ] 10 − e2 +
= ∫ x 4 dx − lim
n ∫0
sec2 x2 ⋅ 2x × x 3 dx 2 2
= lim 0 n→ ∞ 1 1
x → 0 x cos x + sin x = [(1 − 2 + 2) e 1 − (0 − 0 + 2) e 0 ] − e2 +
1
d x2 x5 1 2 2
= −0 =
Q dx
∫0 sec 2 t dt = sec 2 x2 ⋅ 2x (Leibnitz’s rule)
5 0 5 = e −2−
e2 1
+ =e−
e2 3
−
2 2 2 2
234 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
10x
169 ∫ | sin x | dx is equal to = [x] 1 2 + [2x] 3
+ [3x]2 3 π
2 sin − x
0 π /2 2
[AIEEE 2002] = 2 − 1+ 2 3 −2 2 + 6−3 3 I=∫ dx
(a) 20 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 18
0
π π
cos − x + sin − x
=5− 3 − 2 2 2
Ans. (a)
π 2x (1 + sin x)
Since, | sin x | is a periodic function with 172 ∫ dx is equal to I=∫
π /2 cos x
dx …(ii)
period π. −π
1 + cos x 2 0 sin x + cos x
[AIEEE 2002]
10 π π
∴ ∫0 | sin x | dx = 10 ∫
0
| sin x | dx
(a)
π2
(b) π 2
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
4 π /2
π
= 10 ∫ sin x dx = 10 [− cos x] 0π π 2I = ∫ 1 dx
0
0 (c) 0 (d)
2 π
= 10 [− cos π + cos 0] = [x] π0 / 2 ⇒ I =
Ans. (b) 4
= 10 [1 + 1] = 20
π 2 x (1 + sin x)
π /4 Let I = ∫ dx TOPIC 3
170 If I n = ∫ tan n x dx, then 1 + cos2 x
−π
0
=∫
π 2x
dx + ∫
π 2 x sin x Applications of Integrals
lim n[I n + I n + 2] is equal to − π 1 + cos2 x − π 1 + cos2 x
dx
n→ ∞
[AIEEE 2002]
1 ⇒ I =0 + 4∫
π x sin x
dx …(i)
174 The area, enclosed by the curves
(a) (b) 1 (c) ∞ (d) 0 0 1 + cos2 x y = sin x + cos x and y = |cos x − sin x|
2
π
2x and the lines x = 0, x = , is
Ans. (b) Q is an odd function 2
1 + cos x
2
π/4
Since, In = ∫ tann x dx [2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II]
0
2x sin x (a) 2 2 ( 2 − 1) (b) 2( 2 + 1)
π/4 and is an even function
∴ In + 2 = ∫ tann + 2 x dx 1 + cos x2
(c) 4( 2 − 1) (d) 2 2 ( 2 + 1)
0
π ( π − x) sin ( π − x) Ans. (a)
Now, I n + I n + 2 = ∫
π/4
tann x dx ⇒ I =4∫ dx
0
0 1 + cos2 ( π − x) Area
π/4 π /2
+ ∫0 tann + 2 x dx π π sin x = ∫ ((cos x + sin x) − | cos x − sin x |) dx
⇒ I =4∫ dx 0
π/4
0 1 + cos2 x π /4
=∫ tan x (1 + tan x) dx
n 2
=∫ ((cos x + sin x) − (cos x − sin x)) dx
0 π x sin x 0
π/4
−4 ∫ dx π /2
1 + cos2 x + ∫π / 4 ((cos x + sin x) − (sin x − cos x)) dx
0
=∫ sec2 x tann x dx
0
π sin x π /4 π /2
Put tan x = t ⇒ I = 4π ∫ dx − I [from Eq. (i)] =2∫ sin x dx + 2 ∫ cos x dx
0 1 + cos2 x 0 π /4
⇒ sec x dx = dt 2
π sin x −1 1
1 ⇒ I =2π ∫ dx = 2 + 1 + 2 1 −
tn + 1 1 n 1 0 1 + cos x 2 2 2
∴ I n + I n + 2 = ∫ t dt = =
0
n + 1 0 n + 1 = 2 2 ( 2 − 1)
Put cos x = t
n ⇒ − sin x dx = dt
⇒ lim n [I n + I n + 2 ] = lim 175 If the line y = mx bisects the area
n→ ∞ n→ ∞ n + 1 −1 1
∴ I = −2π ∫ dt enclosed by the lines x = 0 and y = 0,
= lim
1
=1
1 1 + t2
3
n→ ∞
1+
1
= 2 π[tan t] 1−1 −1 x = and the curve y = 1 + 4x – x 2 ,
n 2
π π
2 =2π + then 12 m is equal to
171 ∫ [x 2] dx is equal to 4 4
0 [AIEEE 2002] [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
= π2
(a) 2 − 2 (b) 2 + 2 Ans. (26)
(c) 2 − 1 (d) − 2 − 3 + 5 π /2 sin x x=0
y=mx
173 ∫ dx is equal to
Ans. (d) 0 sin x + cos x
2 [AIEEE 2002]
∫0 [x2 ] dx
(a)
π
(b)
π O
x=
3 y=0
4 2 2
1
= ∫ [x2 ] dx +
2 3 y = 1 + 4x – x2
0 ∫1 [x2 ] dx + ∫ 2
[x2 ] dx (c) 0 (d) 1
2 Ans. (a)
+ ∫ 3
[x2 ] dx
π /2 sin x
According to the question,
1 3/ 2 3/ 2
1 2 3 2 Let I = ∫
cos x +
dx …(i)
2 ∫0
(1 + 4x − x2 ) dx = ∫ mx dx
0
= ∫ 0 dx + ∫1 1 dx + ∫ 2 dx + ∫ 3 dx 0 sin x
0 2 3
Integral Calculus 235
1 x3
3/ 2
m 3/ 2 177 The area of the region Now, required area, A0 =
⇒ x + 2x − = [x] 0
2 0 2
2 3
0
2 S = {(x, y) : 3x 2 ≤ 4y ≤ 6 x + 24} is ∫ f (x) dx + ∫ −f (x) dx
[2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I] −1 0
3 9 9 9m
⇒ + − = Ans. (27) 0
2 2 8 4
Y = ∫ (2x 3 − 3x2 − 12x) dx
39 −1
⇒ m= ⇒ 12m = 26
18 2
+ ∫ (12x + 3x2 − 2x 3) dx
3
y= x2 B y=3x/2 +6 0
176 The area of the region bounded by 4
0 2
the parabola (y − 2) 2 = (x − 1) , the (0, 0) x 4 x4
A = − x 3 − 6x2 + 6x2 + x 3 −
tangent to it at the point whose 2 −1 2 0
ordinate is 3 and the X-axis is X¢ X =
114
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II] (–4, 0) (–2, 0) (0, 0) (4, 0) 4
(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 4 (d) 6 Y¢ ∴4A = 114
Ans. (a) 3 3x
We have, y = x2 and y = + 6 179 If the area of the bounded region
Given parabola, 4 2
R = (x, y) :max {0,log e x } ≤ y ≤ 2x , ≤ x ≤ 2
1
(y − 2)2 = (x − 1 ) … (i) 3x 2
3x
⇒ = + 6 ⇒ 3x2 = 6x + 24 2
Since, Ordinate = y = 3 4 2
Then, x = 2 ⇒ x2 − 2x − 8 = 0 ⇒ (x − 4) (x + 2) = 0 is, α (log e 2) −1 + β (log e 2) + γ , then the
Point on parabola (2, 3) ⇒ x = −2, 4 value of (α + β − 2γ)2 is equal to
Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get ⇒ y = 3, 12 [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
dy
2(y − 2) =1 A(−2, 3) and B(4, 12) (a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 1
dx
3x 3x2
4
Ans. (b)
∴ Required area = ∫ + 6 − dx
Y
−2
2 4 R = {(x, y) :max {0,log e x } ≤ y ≤ 2x ,
1
4 ≤ x ≤ 2}
(2, 3) 3x2 x3 2
= + 6x −
4 4 −2 4
= [(12 + 24 − 16) − (3 − 12 + 2)]
(5, 0) = (20 + 7)
X′ X
(–4, 0) y=2x
= 27 sq units
Y′ y=loge x
178 Let a and b respectively be the √2
dy 1 points of local maximum and local
= y=0
dx 2(y − 2) minimum of the function
f (x) = 2x 3 − 3x 2 − 12x . If A is the
At (2, 3)
dy 1 total area of the region bounded by x=1/2 x=1 x=2
= y = f (x), the X-axis and the lines 0 1
dx 2 , ≤ x< 1
x = a and x = b, then 4A is equal to max {0,log e x } = 2
log e x ,1 ≤ x ≤ 2
Equation of tangent at (2, 3)
[2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
1
y − 3 = (x − 2) Ans. (114)
1 2
2 Area = ∫ 2x dx + ∫ (2x − log e x)dx
or x − 2y + 4 = 0 We have,f (x) = 2x 3 − 3x2 − 12x 1 1
Intersection point of parabola on X-axis ∴ f ′(x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x2 − x − 2) 2
1 2
is = 6(x + 1)(x − 2) 2x 2x
= + − [x log e x − x] 1
2
y = 0, x = 5 i.e (5, 0) f ′(x) = 0
log e 2 1 log e 2 1
Intersection point of tangent and X-axis ⇒ x = −1 and 2 2
y = 0, x = − 4 i.e (− 4, 0) ∴x = − 1 and 2 are critical points 2− 2 4−2
= + − [(2 log e 2 − 2) − (0 − 1)]
Area of shaded region log e 2 log e 2
3
= ∫ [(y − 2)2 + 1 − (2y − 4)] dy 4− 2
0
= − 2 log e 2 + 1
2 log e 2
3 –1 0
= ∫ (y2 − 6y + 9)dy On comparing with expression,
0
3 α(log e 2) − 1 + β log e 2 + γ
y3 α = 4 − 2, β = − 2, γ = 1
= − 3y2 + 9y = 9 sq unit.
3 0 ∴a = − 1 and b = 2 ∴ (α + β − 2γ)2 = (4 − 2 − 2 − 2)2 = 2
236 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
180 The area of the region bounded by ⇒ x = 1, − 2 (Reject -2) 1
0 ≤ f (t) ≤ for all t ∈(1, 3]. The largest
y − x = 2 and x 2 = y is equal to Area of shaded region 2
1 1
[2021, 27 July Shift-II]
= ∫ (4 − 2x) dx − ∫ 2x2 dx
possible interval in which g (3) lies
16 2 9 4 is [2021, 18 March Shift-II]
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0 0
3 3 2 3
3
(a) −1, −
1 1
= [4x − x2 ] 10 − x 3
2 (b) − , − 1
Ans. (c) 3 0 2 2
The given equations are
= (4 −1) − = (c) , 2
2 7 1
y − x =2 …(i) 3 3 3
(d) [1, 3]
and x2 = y …(ii)
Ans. (c)
x2=y Y 182 The area (in square units) of the x
region bounded by the curves Given, g (x) = ∫ f (t) dt
y–x=2
x 2 + `2y − 1 = 0, y 2 + 4x − 4 = 0 and 0
y 2 − 4x − 4 = 0, in the upper half 3 1 3
∴ g (3) = ∫ f (t) dt = ∫ f (t) dt + ∫ f (t) dt
X′
–1 2
X plane is ……… .
0 0 1
[2021, 22 July Shift-II]
1 3 1 3
Ans. (2) 1 1
Y′
1 1
⇒ ∫ 3 dt + ∫ 0 ⋅dt ≤ g (3) ≤ ∫ 1 dt + ∫ 2 dt
C 1 ⇒ x + 2y − 1 = 0 ⇒ y − = 4⋅ x2
2 0 1 0 1
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 2 8 1
x2 = x + 2 ⇒ ≤ g(3) ≤ 1 + 1
C2 ⇒ y2 + 4x − 4 = 0 ⇒y2 = − 4(x + 1) 3
⇒ x − x −2=0
2
C 3 ⇒ y2 − 4x − 4 = 0 ⇒y2 = 4(x + 1) 1
⇒ (x + 1) (x − 2) = 0 ⇒ ≤ g(3) ≤ 2
C2 C3 3
⇒ x = − 1, 2 (0,
2)
A
Area of shaded region 0, 1
2 184 The area bounded by the curve
= ∫ [(x + 2) − x2 ] dx 2
−1 4y 2 = x 2(4 − x )(x − 2) is equal to
2 B C (1, 0)
x2 x3 (–1, 2) D
y=1 [2021, 18 March Shift-II]
= + 2x − 2
2 3 −1 π 3π
(a) (b)
1 1 8 8
= 2 + 4 − − − 2 +
8
3 2 3 3π π
C1 (c) (d)
9 2 16
= sq units
2 Ans. (c)
x = –1
Given, equation of curve is
181 The area (in sq. units) of the region, A is the point of intersection ofC2 and C 3
4y2 = x2 (4 − x) (x − 2)
given by the set {(x, y) ∈R × R| x ≥ 0, (0, 2).
2x 2 ≤ y ≤ 4 − 2x} is 1 ⇒ 4y2 = x2 (4 − x) (x − 2)
B 0,
[2021, 25 July Shift-I] 2 | x|
8 17 ⇒ | y| = (4 − x) (x − 2)
(a) (b) C is the point of intersection ofC 1 and C2 2
3 3 (1, 0).
13 7 y =2 x =1 x (4 − x)(x − 2), x > 0
(c) (d) Area = 2 ∫ x dy − ∫ y dx
3 3 y =0 y= 2
3
1 x =0 x
424 3 1 424 − (4 − x) (x − 2), x < 0
Ans. (d) Area of BCD 2
Area of ADC
x≥0 x
2
4 − y2 1
1 − x2 Let y1 = (4 − x) (x − 2)
y ≥ 2x
2
= 2∫ dy − ∫ dx 2
y ≤ 4 − 2x 0
4 0
2 x
y2 = − (4 − x) (x − 2)
Y y 3 x x 3
2 1 2
2x y=x 2 = 2 y − − − Y
+y 12 0 2 6 0
=4
= 2 − = 2
4 1
(0, 4)
3 3 X′ X
(1, 2) O (2, 0) (3, 0) (4, 0)
(1, 0) x
(0, 0) (2, 0)
X 183 Let g (x) = ∫ f (t) dt, where f is
X 0 Y′
Y continuous function in [0, 3] such
1 and domain x ∈[2, 4]
4 − 2x = 2x2 that ≤ f (t) ≤ 1 for all t ∈[0, 1] and [Q (4 − x)(x − 2) ≥ 0
⇒ 2x + 2x = 4
2 3
⇒(x − 2) (x − 4) ≤ 0 ⇒2 ≤ x ≤ 4]
Integral Calculus 237
4
Ans. (a) 1
∴Required area = ∫ (y 1 − y2 ) dx =×4×2=4
y 2
2
4 A B Since, only one curve is given, here
= ∫ x (4 − x) (x − 2) dx …(i) assume the area bounded by x-axis.
2 Then, the area will be 4 square unit.
b b
x
Using property, ∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x) dx O C π/2 188 The graphs of sine and cosine
a a
functions, intersect each other at a
From Eq. (i), number of points and between two
4
Area = ∫ (6 − x) (4 − x)(x − 2) dx … (ii) consecutive points of intersection,
2 the two graphs enclose the same
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), A1 is the area of region OAB. area A. Then A 4 is equal to ………… .
4
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
2A = 6∫ (4 − x) (x − 2) dx A2 is the area of region OBC.
π 1 Ans. (64)
2 Coordinate of B is ,
4 4 2 Y
⇒ A = 3∫ 1 − (x − 3)2 dx π
2 Now, A1 = ∫ ( cos x − sin x)dx
4
0
π 3π
⇒ A = 3. .(1)2 = = [sin x + cos x] π0 / 4
2 2 π π p 5p/4
= sin + cos − (0 + 1) O p/4 p/2
X
4 4
185 Let f : [−3, 1] → R be given as
= 2 −1
min {(x + 6), x 2 }, − 3 ≤ x ≤ 0 π π
f (x) = . A2 = ∫ 4 sin x dx + ∫π2 cosx dx
2
max { x , x }, 0≤ x ≤ 1 0
4
π π
If the area bounded by y = f (x) and A2 = [− cos x] 04 + [sin x] 2π Required area of shaded region
X -axis is A, then the value of 6A is 5π /4
A=∫
4
(sin x − cos x) dx
equal to ………… . = 2 ( 2 − 1) π /4
[2021, 17 March Shift-II] Now, A1 : A2 = ( 2 − 1) : 2 ( 2 − 1) = [− cos x − sin x] 5π π/ 4/ 4
A1 : A2 = 1 : 2 5π 5π π π
+ sin − cos + sin
Ans. (41)
= − cos
A = Area bounded by y = f (x) and X-axis. and 4 4 4 4
−2 0 1 A1 + A2 = ( 2 − 1) + 2 ( 2 − 1) 1 1 1 1
= − − − − +
= ∫ (x + 6) dx + ∫ x dx + ∫
2
2
x dx = ( 2 − 1)( 2 + 1)
−3 −2 0
2 2 2
A1 + A2 = 2 − 1 = 1 4
x2
−2
x3 1 0 ∴ A= =2 2
= + 6[x] −− 23 + + x 3/ 2
2 Therefore, 2
0 A1 : A2 = 1 : 2,
2 − 3 3 − 2 3 ⇒ A 4 = (2 2) 4 = 64
41 A1 + A2 = 1
=
6 189 The area of the region
41 187 The area bounded by the lines
∴ 6A = 6 × ⇒ 6A = 41 R = {(x, y): 5x 2 ≤ y ≤ 2x 2 + 9} is
6 y = || x − 1 | − 2 | is ……… .
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
[2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
(a) 11 3 sq units
186 Let A 1 be the area of the region Ans. (4)
(b) 12 3 sq units
bounded by the curves y = sin x, Given, y = | | x − 1 | − 2 |
(c) 9 3 sq units
y = cos x and y-axis in the first Required area is area of ∆PQR.
Q (1, 2) (d) 6 3 sq units
quadrant. Also, let A 2 be the area
of the region bounded by the Ans. (b)
(0, 1)
curves y = sin x, y = cos x, x-axis and Given, R = {(x, y) : 5x2 ≤ y ≤ 2x2 + 9}
P
π Here, we have two curves y = 5x2 and
x = in the first quadrant. Then, (–1, 0) A (1, 0) R (3, 0)
y = 2x2 + 9, point of intersection of both
2
[2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
curves is find by solving both equations
i.e.
(a) A1 : A2 = 1 : 2 and A1 + A2 = 1
1 5x2 = 2x2 + 9
(b) A1 = A2 and A1 + A2 = 2 Area = × (Base) × (Height)
2 ⇒ x2 = 3
(c) 2A1 = A2 and A1 + A2 = 1 + 2
=
1
× (PR) × (AQ ) ⇒ x=± 3
(d) A1 : A2 = 1 :2 and A1 + A2 = 1
2
238 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
y 1 43 1 1 175 1/ 2
y=5x2 y=2x2+9 =
× + ×7= × ×7 x2 2x 3/ 2
2 3 4 2 12 = 4 x − −
2 3 2 0
1 175
∴ 24A = 24 × × × 7 = 1225 1 1 2
2 12 =4 − −
9 2 8 12
But this question is wrong as in question
x it is mentioned that the triangle is Y
–√3 O √3
formed with the positive X-axis which 2 (0, 1)
contradicts the solution. 2y =–x (1/2,1/2) 2y2=x
3
∴ Area = ∫ (2x + 9 − 5x ) dx
2 2
− 3
191 The area (in sq. units) of the part of x+y=1
3
= 2∫ (9 − 3x2 ) dx the circle x 2 + y 2 = 36, which is X′
(–1/2,0) O
X
0 (–1, 0) (1/2,0) (1, 0)
= 2[9x − x 3] 0 3 outside the parabola y 2 = 9x, is
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
= 2[9 3 − 3 3]
(a) 24 π + 3 3 (b) 24 π − 3 3 (0, –1)
= 12 3 sq units. (c) 12 π + 3 3 (d) 12π − 3 3 Y′
Ans. (b) 12 − 3 − 4 5
190 If the area of the triangle formed =4 = sq units
Given, equation of circle ⇒x + y = 36 2 2
24 6
by the positive X-axis, the normal Equation of parabola ⇒y2 = 9x
and the tangent to the circle We have to find area of shaded region. 193 Area (in sq. units) of the region
(x − 2) 2 + (y − 3) 2 = 25 at the point Y | x| | y|
(5, 7) is A, then 24A is equal to … . outside + = 1 and inside the
2 3
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
y2=9x x2 y2
36
P
ellipse + = 1 is
=
Ans. (1225)
y2
4 9
+
x2
Given, circle, (x − 2)2 + (y − 3)2 = 52 [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I]
c = (2, 3) (a) 6 (π − 2)
X′ X
r=5 O 3 6 (b) 3(π − 2)
Y
(c) 3 (4 − π )
(d) 6 (4 − π )
P (5, 7) Q Ans. (a)
A Equation of given curves
Y′ |x | |y |
(2,3) + =1 … (i)
Required area 2 3
= πr2 − 2 ∫ 9x dx + ∫ 36 − x2 dx
3 6 2 2
X x y
M O Q N 0 3 and + =1 … (ii)
4 9
6
36 − x2 + 18 sin− 1
x x On plotting the graph of given curves due
= 36 π − 12 3 − 2
2 6 3
to symmetry, we can say the required
Equation of normal at P (i.e. PA line) area (area of shaded region)
9 3
7 − 3 = 36 π − 12 3 − 29 π − + 3 π
⇒ (y − 7) = (x − 5) Y
5 − 2 2 B (0, 3)
⇒ 3y − 21 = 4x − 20 = (24 π − 3 3) x2 y
2
+ =1
4 9
⇒ 4x − 3y + 1 = 0
−1 192 The area (in sq. units) of the region
Therefore, M = , 0 [Put y = 0 in (–2, 0) A
4 A = {(x, y):| x | +| y | ≤ 1, 2y 2 ≥| x |} is X′
A′ O (2, 0)
X
above equation] [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
Now, equation of tangent at P. 1 7 1 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
−3 3 6 6 6
y−7= (x − 5) B′ (0, –3)
4 Ans. (d) Y′
−1 The area of the given region
[Qslope of PN = ]
Slope of PA = Area enclosed by ellipse − 4(Area of ∆AOB)
A = {(x, y) : | x | + | y | ≤ 1 , 2y2 ≥ | x | }
⇒ 4y − 28 = − 3x + 15 1
by the figure due to symmetry = π(2)(3) − 4 × 2 × 3
⇒ 3x + 4y = 43 2
1/ 2
x
43 A =4 ∫ 1 − x − dx x2 y2
Therefore, N = , 0 2 [Qarea enclosed by ellipse + = 1 is
3 0
a 2
b2
[Put y = 0 in above equation] [Q2y + y − 1 = 0 ⇒(2y − 1)(y + 1) = 0
2
πab sq units]
1
∴
1
Area (A) = × MN × PQ ⇒y = ] = 6 π − 12 = 6( π − 2) sq units
2 2
Integral Calculus 239
1 1 1 4 1
194 Consider region R = {(x, y) ∈R 2 : =+ 1− − + + 2− − 1 Now, on drawing the graph of given
3 24 2 2 2 region with the help of equation of curves
x 2 ≤ y ≤ 2x }. 1 1 72 + 8 − 1 79 y = (x – 1)[x] and y = 2 x
=3+ − = = sq unit
If a line y = α divides the area of 3 24 24 24 y
region R into two equal parts, then Hence, option (b) is correct. y=2√x
which of the following is true?
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
196 The area (in sq. units) of the largest
(a) α 3 − 6α 2 + 16 = 0
rectangle ABCD whose vertices A x–
1
(b) 3α 2 − 8α 3/2 + 8 = 0 y=
(c) 3α 2 − 8α + 8 = 0 and B lie on the X-axis and vertices O 1 2
x
(d) α 3 − 6α 3/2 − 16 = 0 C and D lie on the parabola,
Ans. (b) y = x 2 − 1 below the X-axis, is ∴ Area of given region
1 2
According to the question, [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] = ∫ 2 x dx + ∫ (2 x – x + 1)dx
4 2 1 4 0 1
y=x2 y=2x (a) (b) (c) (d) 2
y 1
4 x2
= x 3/ 2 + x 3/ 2 – + x
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
(2, 4) 3 0 3 2
Ans. (a) 1
y=α Equation of given parabola y = x2 – 1 4 8 2 4 1
= + –2 + 2 – + – 1
x According to symmetry let, the 3 3 3 2
O
coordinate of A (–a, 0), B (a, 0) C (a,a2 – 1) 8 2 1
and D (–a, a2 – 1). = – sq units.
α y 4 3 2
∫0 y − dy = ∫ ( y − y /2) dy
2 α
∴Area of rectangle P (a) = 2a (a2 – 1) 198 The area (in sq. units) of the region
α α α2 4(2) 16 α α α2
⇒ − = − − + Y enclosed by the curves y = x 2 − 1
3 /2 4 3 /2 4 3 /2 4
and y = 1 − x 2 is equal to
4 α2 64 − 48 16 4
⇒ α α− + = = y=x2–1
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
3 2 12 12 3 4 8 7 16
(a) (b) (c) (d)
⇒ 3 α2 − 8 α 3/ 2 + 8 = 0 3 3 2 3
Hence, option (b) is correct. A(–a, 0) B(a, 0) Ans. (b)
X
195 The area (in sq. units) of the region (–1, 0) O (1, 0) From the graph of given curves, due to
symmetry the area of the region
{(x, y) : 0 ≤ y ≤ x 2 + 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x + 1,
1 D C(a, a2–1) enclosed
≤ x ≤ 2} is (–a, a2–1) (0, –1)
2 [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I] (0, 1) y=x2–1
23 79 Now, for maxima P ' (a) = 0
(a) (b)
16 24 ⇒ 2(a2 – 1) + 4a2 = 0
79 23 ⇒ 3a2 = 1
(c) (d) (–1, 0) (1, 0)
16 6 1
⇒ a= units
Ans. (b) 3 (0, –1) y=1 –x2
Given region ∴ Area of largest rectangle is
1
{(x, y) :0 ≤ y ≤ x2 + 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x + 1, ≤ x ≤ 2 } 2 1 4
– 1 = sq units
1
2 x3
1
3 3 3 3
Y y=x2+1 = 4∫ (1 − x2 ) dx = 4 x −
0 3 0
y=x+1 197 The area (in sq. units) of the region
= 4 = sq units
2 8
A = {(x, y) : (x − 1)[x] ≤ y ≤ 2 x , 3 3
0 ≤ x ≤ 2}, where [t] denotes the
greatest integer function, is 199 The area (in sq. units) of the region
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] {(x, y) ∈R 2 |4x 2 ≤ y ≤ 8x + 12} is
8 1 4 [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
(0, 1) (a) 2− (b) 2 +1
3 2 3 124 125
(a) (b)
X 8 4 1 3 3
(–1, 0) O (1/2, 0) (1, 0) (2, 0) (c) 2 −1 (d) 2− 127 128
3 3 2 (c) (d)
= Shaded region in the figure Ans. (a) 3 3
∴Area of required region is As we know that, Ans. (d)
1 2
=∫ (x2 + 1) dx + ∫1 (x + 1)dx 0, 0 ≤ x < 1 The area of region
1/ 2 {(x, y) ∈ R2 |4x2 ≤ y ≤ 8x + 12} is area of
1 2 y = (x – 1)[x] = x – 1, 1 ≤ x < 2
x3 x2 region bounded by curves y = 4x2
= + x + + x 2(x – 1), x = 2
3 2 and y = 8x + 12.
1/ 2 1
240 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
To get the point of intersection of ∴The area of the region, enclosed by the ∴ a satisfies the equation
curves, on eliminating y, we get circle x2 + y2 = 2, which is not common x 6 − 12x 3 + 4 = 0
4x2 = 8x + 12 to the region bounded by the parabola Hence, option (b) is correct.
1
⇒ x2 − 2x − 3 = 0 y2 = x and the straight line y = x, is 2 π −
6 202 The area (in sq. units) of the region
⇒ x = − 1, 3 1
= (12 π − 1). {(x, y) ∈R 2 : x 2 ≤ y ≤ 3 − 2x}, is
Y 6 [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
31 32
(a) (b)
2
+1 (3, 36)
201 For a > 0, let the curves C 1 : y 2 = ax 3 3
8x
y =
y=4x2
and C 2 : x 2 = ay intersect at origin O (c)
29
(d)
34
(0, 12) and a point P. Let the line 3 3
(–1, 4)
X′ X
x = b (0 < b < a) intersect the chord Ans. (b)
O OP and the x-axis at points Q and R, The area of the region {(x, y) ∈ R2 :
(–3/2, 0)
respectively. If the line x = b bisects x2 ≤ y ≤ 3 − 2x } is the area of region
Y′
the area bounded by the curves, C 1 bounded by curves y = x2 and y = 3 − 2x.
3 1 Y
So, required area = ∫ (8x + 12 − 4x2 )dx and C 2 , and the area of ∆OQR = ,
−1
2
3 then ‘a’ satisfies the equation (0, 3)
8x2 x3
= + 12x − 4 [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I]
(3/2, 0)
2 3 −1 (a) x 6 + 6 x 3 − 4 = 0 (b) x 6 − 12 x 3 + 4 = 0 X′ X
= {(4 × 9) + (12 × 3) − (4 × 9)} − 4 − 12 +
4 (c) x 6 − 6 x 3 + 4 = 0 (d) x 6 − 12 x 3 − 4 = 0 Y′
3 Ans. (b)
20 128 On solving y = 3 − 2x and y = x2 ,
= 36 + = sq units Given curvesC 1 : y2 = ax, andC2 : x2 = ay,
3 3 (a > 0), intersect each other at origin ‘O’ we have x2 = 3 − 2x ⇒ x2 + 2x − 3 = 0
and a point P (a, a). ⇒ x = −3, 1, then (x, y) = (−3, 9) and (1, 1)
200 The area of the region, enclosed by 1
QO(0, 0), Q and P (a, a) are collinear. So, So, required area = ∫ [(3 − 2x) − x2 ]dx
the circle x 2 + y 2 = 2 which is not Q (b, b).
common to the region bounded by −3
Y 1
x2=ay 2x2 x 3
the parabola y 2 = x and the straight = 3x − −
line y = x, is [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] x2=ax 2 3 −3
1
(a) (12 π − 1)
1
(b) (12 π − 1)
P (a, a) 1
= 3 − 1 − − (−9 − 9 + 9)
3 6 Q (b, b) 3
1 1 X′ O X 5 32
(c) (24 π − 1) (d) (6 π − 1) R (b, 0) = 9 + = sq units
6 3 3 3 1
x , 0≤ x <
Ans. (b) 2
Let the area of the region, enclosed by the
(0<b<a) 1 1
x=b 203 Given, f (x) = , x=
parabola y2 = x and straight line y = x is
1
Y′ 1 −2 x , 1 2
A = ∫ ( x − x)dx Now, as it is given area of ∆OQR =
1 < x≤1
0
Y 2 2
y=x 1 2 1
2 2 y2=x ⇒ b = ⇒ b=1 (Qb > 0)
x +y =2 2 2 1 2
and g (x) = x − , x ∈R. Then the
A (1, 1)
QThe line x = b bisects the area bounded 2
X′ O X by the curves,C 1 and C2 , so
area (in sq. units) of the region
x2 x2
1 a
∫
a x −
a
dx = ∫ a x − dx bounded by the curves y = f (x) and
1
a
0 y = g (x) between the lines, 2x = 1
1
and 2x = 3, is [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
a
x 3/ 2 1 x 3 x 3/ 2 1 x 3
Y′ ⇒ a − = a −
1 3 /2 a 3 0 3 /2 a 3 1 1 3
x 3/ 2 x2 1 1 (a) +
= − = − 2 a 1 2a a 2
2 a 12 2 4
3 / 2 2 0 3 / 2 2 ⇒ − = − − +
3 3a 3 3 3 3a 1 3
2 1 (b) +
= − 4 a a2 2 3 4
3 2 ⇒ = +
3 3 3a 1 3
4−3 1 −
= = ⇒ 4a a = a 3 + 2 (c)
6 6 2 4
⇒ 16a 3 = a 6 + 4 + 4a 3
QArea of circle having radius r = 2 unit 3 1
is πr2 = 2 π ⇒ a 6 − 12a 3 + 4 = 0 (d) −
4 3
Integral Calculus 241
2
Ans. (d) Ans. (b) 3 9
⇒ x + ≥ y +
On drawing the given curves Given equation of curve is x = 4y, which
2
2 4
1 represent a parabola with vertex (0, 0) 0≤ y≤4
x, 0 ≤ x < Since,
2 and it open upwar(d)
1 and 0 ≤ x ≤ 3
1
y = f (x) = , x= x2 ∴The diagram for the given inequalities
2 2 Y y=
4 is
1 − x, 1 < x ≤ 1 x+2 Y
2 y=
4 y=x2+3x
2 B
and y = g (x) = x − , we have
1 A
2 X′ X
–1 O 2 y=4
Coordinate of points –3/2
3 X
1 3 (–3, 0) O 1 3
A , 0 , B (1, 0), C , 1 − and –9
2 2 2 Y′ 4 x=3
1 1
D , Now, let us find the points of and points of intersection of curves
2 2
intersection of x2 = 4y and 4y = x + 2 y = x2 + 3x and y = 4 are (1, 4) and (−4, 4)
Y For this consider, x2 = x + 2 Now required area
⇒ x2 − x − 2 = 0 1 3
⇒ (x − 2) (x + 1) = 0 = ∫ (x2 + 3x)dx + ∫ 4 dx
D (1/2, 1/2) g(x) ⇒ x = − 1, x = 2 0 1
y=1–x 1 1
y=x When x = − 1, then y = x 3x 3 2
4 = + + [4x] 1
3
C (
√3 ,1– √3
2 2 ) and when x = 2, then y = 1 3 2 0
X′ Thus, the points of intersection are 1 3
O A (1/2, 0) B (1, 0)
X = + + 4(3 − 1)
A − 1, and B (2, 1).
1 3 2
Y′ 4 2+ 9 11
= + 8= + 8
So, required area = area of shaded Now, required area = area of shaded 6 6
region region 59
2 = sq units
3
1
2 = ∫ {y (line ) − y (parabola )} dx 6
= ∫ 1 2 1 − x − x − dx −1
2 2 x+2 x2
2 = ∫ − dx 206 Let S (α) = {(x, y) : y 2 ≤ x, 0≤ x ≤ α}
−1
3 4 4
and A(α) is area of the region S(α). If
2 − x2 + x − dx
1
= ∫1 1 −x 2
for λ, 0 < λ < 4, A(λ ) : A(4) = 2 : 5, then
4 1 x2 x3
= + 2x −
2
42 3 −1 λ equals [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
3
3 4
1/ 3 1/ 3
(b) 4
= ∫ 1 2 − x2 dx 1 1 1 2
= 2 + 4 − − − 2 +
8 (a) 2
4 25 5
2 4 3 2 3
1/ 3 1/ 3
4
(d) 2
3
1 1 2
3 (c) 4
x3 2 = 8− −3 25 5
= x − 4 2
4 3 1 Ans. (c)
2 1 1 9
= 5 − = sq units
3 3 3 3 3 1 4 2 8 Given, S (α) = {(x, y) : y2 ≤ x, 0 ≤ x ≤ α } and
= − − +
8 24 8 24 A(α) is area of the region S (α)
205 The area (in sq units) of the region Y
3 1
= − sq units y2=x
4 3
A = {(x, y) ∈R × R | 0 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4,
y ≤ x 2 + 3x} is [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
Hence, option (d) is correct.
53
(a) (b) 8
204 The area (in sq units) of the region 6 X
O
bounded by the curve x 2 = 4y and 59 26 A(λ)
(c) (d)
the straight line x = 4y − 2 is 6 3
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] Ans. (c)
(a)
7
(b)
9 Given, y ≤ x2 + 3x x=λ
8 8 3 9
2
λ
λ
5 3 ⇒ y ≤ x + − x 3/ 2 4 3/ 2
(c) (d) 2 4 Clearly, A (λ) = 2∫ x dx = 2 = λ
4 4 0 3 /2 0 3
242 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
A (λ) 2 Ans. (d)
Since, = , (0 < λ < 4) Y
A (4) 5 y2 (0, 2)
3 2 Given region A = (x, y) : ≤ x ≤ y + 4
λ3/ 2 λ
= ⇒ =
2 2 2
⇒
43/ 2 5 4 5 (–2, 0) (2, 0)
y2 X′ X
λ 4
1/ 3 1/ 3 ∴ =x O
4
⇒ = ⇒λ = 4 2
4 25 25
⇒ y2 = 2x …(i)
(0, –2)
and x = y + 4 ⇒y = x − 4 …(ii)
207 The area (in sq units) of the region Graphical representation of A is Y′
A = {(x, y) : x 2 ≤ y ≤ x + 2} is Now, the area of shaded region is equal
Y
[2019, 9 April Shift-I] y2 to the area of a square having side length
=x
13 9 Q 2
(a) (b) (2 − 0)2 + (0 − 2)2 = 2 2 units.
6 2
31 10
(c) (d) X' X 210 The area (in sq units) of the region
6 3 O
bounded by the curves y = 2 x and
Ans. (b)
Given region is A = {(x, y) : x2 ≤ y ≤ x + 2}
P y = | x + 1 |, in the first quadrant is
4
y+
[2019, 10 April Shift-II]
Now, the region is shown in the following
x=
graph Y' 3
(a)
Y y=x+2 On substituting y = x − 4 from Eq. (ii) to 2
Eq. (i), we get 3
x2=y (b) log e 2 +
(x − 4)2 = 2x 2
B(2,4) ⇒ x − 8x + 16 = 2x
2 1
(c)
⇒ x2 − 10 x + 16 = 0 2
3 1
A
(0,2) ⇒ (x − 2)(x − 8) = 0 ⇒ x = 2, 8 (d) −
∴ y = −2, 4 [from Eq. (ii)] 2 log e 2
(–2,0)
X' –1 X' So, the point of intersection of Eqs. (i) Ans. (d)
O 2
and (ii) are P(2, − 2) and Q (8, 4). Given, equations of curves
Y'
Now, the area enclosed by the region A x + 1 ,x ≥ − 1
For intersecting points A and B y = 2x and y = | x + 1 | =
y2
4
Taking, x2 = x + 2 ⇒x2 − x − 2 = 0 = ∫ (y + 4) − dy − x − 1 , x < − 1
−2
2 Q The figure of above given curves is
⇒ x2 − 2x + x − 2 = 0
4
⇒ x (x − 2) + 1(x − 2) = 0 y 2
y 3
Y
= + 4y − y=x+1
⇒ x = −1, 2 ⇒ y = 1,4 2 6 −2
(1,2)
So, A(−1, 1) and B (2, 4).
16 64 4 8
2 = + 16 − − − 8 + y=–x–1 y=2x
2 6 2 6
Now, shaded area = ∫ [(x + 2) − x2 ] dx
32 4 (0,1)
−1 = 8 + 16 − −2+ 8−
2 3 3
x2 x3 X′ X
= + 2x − = 30 − 12 (–1,0) O
2 3 −1
= 18 sq units In first quadrant, the above given curves
4 8 1 1
= + 4− − −2 + intersect each other at (1, 2).
2 3 2 3 209 The region represented by
1 9 So, the required area
= 8− − | x − y | ≤ 2 and | x + y | ≤ 2 is bounded 1
2 3 = ∫ ((x + 1) − 2x ) dx
by a 0
1 1 9
= 8 − − 3 = 5 − = sq units x2
1
[2019, 10 April Shift-I]
2x
2 2 2
(a) rhombus of side length 2 units = + x−
2 log e 2 0
(b) rhombus of area 8 2 sq units
208 The area (in sq units) of the region ax
Q∫ a dx =
(c) square of side length 2 2 units x
+ C
y2 log
A = (x, y) : ≤ x ≤ y + 4 is (d) square of area 16 sq units e a
2 Ans. (c) 1 2 1
= + 1− +
[2019, 9 April Shift-II] The given inequalities are 2 log e 2 log e 2
53 | x − y | ≤ 2 and | x + y | ≤ 2.
(a) 30 (b) 3 1
3 = −
On drawing, the above inequalities, we 2 log e 2
(c) 16 (d) 18 get a square
Integral Calculus 243
y + y1
211 If the area (in sq units) of the region 212 If the area (in sq units) bounded by ⇒ = x x 1 − 1, where, x 1 = 2 and y 1 = 3.
2
{(x, y): y 2 ≤ 4x, x + y ≤ 1, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0} is the parabola y 2 = 4λx and the line
a 2 + b, then a − b is equal to 1 y+3
y = λx, λ > 0, is , then λ is equal to ⇒ = 2x − 1 ⇒ y = 4x − 5
[2019, 12 April Shift-I] 9 2
10 [2019, 12 April Shift-II]
(a) (b) 6 y=x2–1
3 (a) 2 6 (b) 48 (c) 24 (d) 4 3 (2, 3)
8 2 Ans. (c)
(c) (d) −
3 3 Given, equation of curves are
Ans. (b) 2
y2 = 4λx …(i)
Given region is {(x, y) : y2 ≤ 4x, x + y ≤ 1, and y = λx …(ii) (0, –1)
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0} λ>0 y=4x–5
Area bounded by above two curve is, as
B(0,1)
per figure
P Y
y2=4x A y2=4λx
x+y=1
Now, required area = area of shaded
O region
X X
O A(1,0) 2
= ∫ (y (parabola) − y (tangent)) dx
Now, for point P, put value of y = 1 − x to y=λx
0
2
y2 = 4x, we get = ∫ [(x2 − 1) − (4x − 5)] dx
0
(1 − x)2 = 4x the intersection point A we will get on 2 2
⇒ x + 1 − 2x = 4x
2
the solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get = ∫ (x2 − 4x + 4) dx = ∫ (x − 2)2 dx
0 0
⇒ x2 − 6x + 1 = 0 4 2
λ2 x2 = 4λx ⇒ x = , so y = 4 (x − 2) 3
6 ± 36 − 4 λ =
⇒ x= = 3 ± 2 2. 3
So, A , 4
2 4 0
Since, x-coordinate of P less than λ (2 − 2) 3 (0 − 2) 3
= −
x-coordinate of point A(1, 0). 4/ λ 3 3
∴ x =3−2 2 Now, required area = ∫ (2 λx − λx) dx 8
= sq units
0
4/ λ 4/ λ
3
Required are x 3/ 2 x2
3 −2 2 1 =2 λ −λ
=∫ 2 x dx + ∫3− 2 (1 − x) dx 3 /2 0 2 0 214 The area of the region
0 2
4 4 λ
2 A ={(x, y); 0 ≤ y ≤ x | x | + 1 and
3 −2 2
1 4 4 = 32 − 8
x 3/ 2 x2 = λ − − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1} in sq. units, is
=2 + x − 3 λ λ 2 λ 3λ λ
3 /2 2 3 −2 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
0 2 32 − 24 8
= = 4 1 2
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
(3 − 2 2) 3/ 2 + 1 − − (3 − 2 2)
4 1 3λ 3λ
= 3 3 3
3 2 1 8 1
It is given that area = ⇒ = Ans. (a)
(3 − 2 2)2 9 3λ 9
+ We have, A = {(x, y) : 0 ≤ y ≤ x | x | + 1 and
2 ⇒ λ = 24
− 1 ≤ x ≤ 1}
4 1 1
= [( 2 − 1) ] + − 3 + 2 2 +
2 3/ 2
When x ≥0, then0 ≤ y ≤ x2 + 1
3 2 2 213 The area (in sq units) bounded by
and when x < 0, then 0 ≤ y ≤ − x2 + 1
(9 + 8 − 12 2) the parabola y = x 2 − 1, the tangent
4 5 17 Now, the required region is the shaded
= ( 2 − 1) 3 − + 2 2 + −6 2 at the point (2, 3) to it and the region.
3 2 2 Y-axis is [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I] y
4 8 56
= (2 2 − 3(2) + 3( 2) − 1) − 4 2 + 6 (a) (b)
3 3 3 2
4 32 14
= (5 2− 7) − 4 2 + 6 (c) (d)
y=–x +12
y=x2+1
3 3 3 1
8 2 10 Ans. (a)
= − x
3 3 Given, equation of parabola is y = x2 − 1, –1 1
=a 2+b (given) which can be rewritten as x2 = y + 1 or y=0
x2 = ( y − (−1) ).
8 10 [Qy = x + 1 ⇒x = (y − 1), parabola with
2 2
So, on comparinga = and b = − ⇒Vertex of parabola is (0, − 1) and it is
3 3
open upwar(d) vertex (0, 1) and y = − x2 + 1 ⇒x2 = − (y − 1)
8 10 parabola with vertex (0, 1) but open
∴ a −b = + =6 Equation of tangent at (2, 3) is given by
3 3 downward]
T =0
244 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
We need to calculate the shaded area, Now, equation of tangent at (2, 5) is The required area = area of shaded
which is equal to y+5 region
0 1 = 2x + 1 3 3
∫−1 (− x + 1)dx + ∫ (x2 + 1) dx 2 = ∫ ((x2 + 2) − (x + 1)) dx = ∫ (x2 − x + 1) dx
2
0 0 0
[Qequation of the tangent at (x 1, y 1) is
0 1 given by 3
x3 x3 x 3 x2 27 9
= − + x + + x 1 = − + x = − + 3 − 0
T = 0. Here, (y + y 1) = xx 1 + 1 ]
3 − 1 3 0 2 3 2 0 3 2
(− 1) 3 1 ⇒ y = 4x − 3 9 9 15
= 9 − + 3 = 12 − = sq units
= 0 − − + (− 1) + + 1 − 0
2 2 2
3
3 y= 4x–3
Y
= − − 1 + = + = 2
1 4 2 4 218 Let g (x) = cos x 2 , f (x) = x and
3 3 3 3
P (2, 5) α, β (α < β) be the roots of the
215 If the area enclosed between the quadratic equation
curves y = kx 2 and x = ky 2 , (k > 0), is 18x 2 − 9πx + π 2 = 0. Then, the area
1 square unit. Then, k is (0, 1) (in sq units) bounded by the curve
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] R
X
y = (gof )(x) and the lines x = α, x = β
1 2 3
O Q (2, 0) and y = 0, is [JEE Main 2018]
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d) 3, 1 1
0
3 3 2 4 (a) ( 3 − 1) (b) ( 3 + 1)
2 2
Ans. (b) 1 1
(c) ( 3 − 2 ) (d) ( 2 − 1)
We know that, area of region bounded by 2 2
the parabolas x2 = 4ay and y2 = 4bx is Required area = Area of shaded region Ans. (a)
16 2
(ab) sq units. = ∫ y (parabola )dx − (Area of ∆PQR)
3 0
On comparing y = kx2 and x = ky2 with 2 We have,
= ∫ (x2 + 1) dx − (Area of ∆PQR)
above equations, we get 0 ⇒ 18x2 − 9 πx + π2 = 0
1
4a = and 4b =
1 2 ⇒ 18x − 6 πx − 3 πx + π2 = 0
2
x3 1 3
k k = + x − 2 − ⋅ 5 (6x − π)(3x − π) = 0
1 1 3 0 2 4 π π
⇒ a = and b = ⇒ x= ,
4k 4k 1 6 3
[Qarea of a triangle = × base × height]
Now, α<β
∴ Area enclosed between y = kx2 and 2
π π
x = ky2 is 1 5 ∴ α = ,β =
= + 2 − 0 − 5
8 6 3
16 1 1 1 3 2 4 g (x) = cos x2 and f (x) = x
= Given,
3 4k 4k 3k2 y = gOf (x)
14 25 112 − 75 37
1 = − = = ∴ y = g (f (x)) = cos x
⇒ =1 3 8 24 24
3k2 Area of region bounded by x = α,
[given, area = 1 sq.unit] x = β, y = 0 and curve y = g (f (x)) is
1 1 217 The area (in sq units) of the region π/3
⇒ k2 = ⇒ k = ± bounded by the parabola, y = x 2 + 2 ⇒ A = [sin x] ππ // 36
3 3
A= ∫ cos xdx
1 and the lines, y = x + 1, x = 0 and π /6
⇒ k= [Qk > 0] π π
3 x = 3, is [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I] A = sin − sin =
3 1
−
15 17 3 6 2 2
(a) (b)
216 The area (in sq units) in the first 2 4 3 − 1
A =
2
21 15
quadrant bounded by the parabola, (c) (d)
2 4
y = x 2 + 1, the tangent to it at the Ans. (a) 219 The area (in sq units) of the region
point (2, 5) and the coordinate axes
Given equation of parabola is y = x2 + 2, {(x, y) : x ≥ 0, x + y ≤ 3, x 2 ≤ 4y and
is [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] and the line is y = x + 1
14 187
y ≤ 1 + x } is [JEE Main 2017]
(a) (b) y 59 3
3 24 y=x2 +2 (a) (b)
8 37 12 2
(c) (d) y=x+1
7 5
3 24 (c) (d)
(0,2) 3 2
Ans. (d)
Ans. (d)
Given, equation of parabola is y = x2 + 1, 1
Required area
which can be written as x2 = (y − 1).
x 1 2 2 x2
Clearly, vertex of parabola is (0, 1) and it 1 O (3,0) = ∫ (1 + x ) dx + ∫1 (3 − x) dx − ∫ dx
will open upwar(d)
0 0 4
Integral Calculus 245
Y
y=1+√x 221 The area (in sq units) of the region 222 The area of the region described by
(0, 3) (1, 2)
described by {(x, y) : y 2 ≤ 2x and A = {(x, y): x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1and y 2 ≤ 1 − x} is
4y=x 2
y ≥ 4x − 1} is [JEE Main 2015] π 4 π 4
(a) + (b) −
(0, 1) (2, 1) 7 2 3 2 3
(a) units π 2 π 2
x+y=3 32 (c) − (d) +
X′ X 5 2 3 2 3
(0, 0) (1, 0)(2, 0) (3, 0) (b) units [JEE Main 2014]
64
Y′ 15 Ans. (a)
(c) units
1 2 2 64 A = {(x, y) :x2 + y2 ≤ 1 and y2 ≤ 1 − x }
x 3/ 2 x2 x3 Y
= x + 9
+ 3x − − (d) units
3 /2 0 2 1 12 0 32
1 8 Ans. (d)
= 1 + + 6 − 2 − 3 + −
2
3 2 12 Given region is {(x, y) : y2 ≤ 2x and
X′ X
5 3 2 3 5 y ≥ 4x − 1} (–1, 0) (0, 1)
= + − = 1 + = sq units
3 2 3 2 2 y2 ≤ 2x represents a region inside the
parabola
220 The area (in sq units) of the region y2 = 2x …(i)
Y′
{(x, y) : y 2 ≥ 2x and x 2 + y 2 ≤ 4x, x ≥ 0, and y ≥ 4x − 1 represents a region to the
1 1
left of the line Required area = πr2 + 2 ∫ (1 − y2 ) dy
y ≥ 0} is [JEE Main 2016] 2 0
4 8 y = 4x − 1 …(ii) 1
(a) π − (b) π − The point of intersection of the curve (i) 1 y3 π 4
3 3 = π ( 1) 2 + 2 y − = +
and (ii) is 2 3 0 2 3
4 2 π 2 2
(c) π − (d) − (4x − 1)2 = 2x
3 2 3 ⇒ 16x2 + 1 − 8x = 2x
223 The area (in sq units) bounded by
Ans. (b) ⇒ 16x2 − 10 x + 1 = 0
1 1 the curves y = x , 2y − x + 3 = 0,
Given equations of curves are y2 = 2x ⇒ x= ,
2 8 X-axis and lying in the first
which is a parabola with vertex (0, 0) and quadrant is [JEE Main 2013]
axis parallel to X-axis. ...(i) ∴The points where these curves
1 1 1 (a) 9 (b) 36
And x2 + y2 = 4x intersect, are , 1 and , − .
2 8 2 27
which is a circle with centre (2, 0) and (c) 18 (d)
4
radius = 2 ...(ii) y = 4x – 1
Y 1, Ans. (a)
On substituting y2 = 2x in Eq. (ii), we get 1
2 y2 = 2x Given curves are
x2 + 2x = 4x 1
⇒ x2 = 2x y= x …(i)
1
⇒ x = 0 or x = 2 2 and 2y − x + 3 = 0 …(ii)
–1 1
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ y = 0 or y = ± 2 [using Eq. (i)] –1 2 0 2 1
X′ X 2 x − ( x )2 + 3 = 0
Now, the required area is the area of
shaded region, i.e. 1 , –1 ⇒ ( x )2 − 2 x − 3 = 0
–1 8 2
2 Y
Y
–1
y=√
x
A (2,2) 0
3=
2 2
x +y =4x Y′ – x+
2y
X′ X
X′ X Hence, required area 3
(0, 0) B (2,0) 1 y + 1 y2
y2=2x = ∫ − dy –3
2
−1 / 2
4 2
1
Y′
Y′ 1 y2 1
= + y − (y 3) 1−1/ 2 ⇒ ( x − 3) ( x + 1) = 0
4 2 −1 / 2 6
Required area ⇒ x =3 [Q x = − 1 is not possible]
Area of circle 2 1 1 1 1 ∴ y =3
− ∫ 2x dx = + 1 − − − 1 +
= 1 1
4 4 2 8 2 6
0 3
8 ∴ Required area = ∫ (x2 − x 1) dy
2
π(2)2 2 x 3/ 2 0
− 2 ∫ x 1/ 2dx = π − 2 = + −
= 1 3 3 1 9 3
3 y3
4 0
3 /2 0 4 2 8 6 8 = ∫ {(2y + 3) − y2 } dy = y2 + 3y −
0
3 0
1 15 3 9
[2 2 − 0] = π − sq units
2 2 8 = × − =
= π−
3 3 4 8 16 32 =9+ 9−9=9
246 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
224 The area bounded between the Y 227 The area bounded by the curves
y y = cos x and y = sin x between the
parabolas x 2 = and x 2 = 9y and y=x
4 3π
ordinates x = 0 and x = , is
the straight line y = 2, is [AIEEE 2012] 2
10 2 [AIEEE 2009]
(a) 20 2 (b) A
3 (a) (4 2 − 2 ) sq units
20 2 B (b) (4 2 + 2 ) sq units
(c) (d) 10 2 y = 1/x
3 O
X (c) (4 2 − 1) sq units
D (1, 0) C (e, 0)
Ans. (c)
x=e (d) (4 2 + 1) sq units
y
Given Two parabolas x2 = and x2 = 9y Ans. (a)
4 ∴ Area to be calculated in I quadrant
To find The area bounded between the shown as
parabolas and the straight line y = 2. The ∴ Required area = Area of ∆ ODA + Area
required area is equal to the shaded of ABCD 3π/2
π
1 e 1 1
region in the drawn figure. = (1 × 1) + ∫ dx = + [log | x |] 1e O π/2
2 1 x 2
Y
y = 4x 2 1
1
y = x2 = + {log | e | − log 1}
9 2
y=2 1 3 ∴Required area
= + 1 = sq units
2 2 π /4
=∫ (cos x − sin x) dx
0
5π / 4
226 The area bounded by the curves
X y 2 = 4x and x 2 = 4y is [AIEEE 2011]
+ ∫π / 4 (sin x − cos x) dx
3π / 2
(a) 0 (b)
32 +∫ (cos x − sin x) dx
5π / 4
3
The area of the shaded region (which can 16 8 = [sin x + cos x] π0 / 4 + [− cos x − sin x [5π π/ 4/ 4
(c) (d)
be very easily found by using integration) 3 3 + [sin x + cos x] 35ππ //24
is twice the area shaded in first Ans. (c)
1 1 1 1 −1 1
quadrant. = + − 1 + + − −
2
For the point of intersection, solve 2 2 2 2 2
2 y y2 = 4x
∴Required area = 2 ∫ 3 y − dy
0
2 and x2 = 4y.
2 −1 1
x2 + (− 1 + 0) − −
5 ⇒ = 4x ⇒x 4 = 43 x ⇒x = 0, 4 2
2
=2∫ y dy 2
0 2 4
8
2 Y = − 2 = (4 2 − 2) sq units
y 3/ 2 2 2
= 5 x = 4y y2= 4x
3 /2 0
10 3/ 2
(4, 4) 228 The area of the region bounded by
= (2 − 0)
3 the parabola ( y − 2) 2 = x − 1, the
20 2 tangent to the parabola at the point
= X′ X
3 (0, 0) D (4, 0) (2 , 3) and the X-axis is [AIEEE 2009]
(a) 6 sq units (b) 9 sq units
225 The area of the region enclosed by (c) 12 sq units (d) 3 sq units
1
the curves y = x, x = e, y = and the Ans. (b)
x Y′ The equation of tangent at (2, 3) to the
positive X-axis is [AIEEE 2011] ∴ Area bounded between curves given parabola is
3
4
x = 2y − 4
(a) 1 sq unit (b) sq units
2 4 x2 x 3/ 2
x 3
Y
= ∫ 4x − dx = 2⋅ −
5 1 (2, 3)
4 3 12
0
(c) sq units (d) sq unit
2 2 2 0
Ans. (b) 4 (4) 3
= ⋅ (4) 3/ 2 −
1 3 12
Given, y = x, x = e and y = , x ≥ 0
x 32 16 16 X′ X
= − = (– 4, 0)
Since, y = x and x ≥ 0 ⇒ y ≥ 0 3 3 3
Y′ (y – 2)2 = (x – 1)
Integral Calculus 247
∴ Required area Ans. (c) (a) 4 sq units (b) 3 sq units
3 1
= ∫ {( y − 2) + 1 − 2y + 4}dy
2
A = ∫ ( x − x) dx
Required area, (c) 2 sq units (d) 1 sq unit
0 0
Ans. (d)
3
( y − 2) 3 Y 0
= − y2 + 5 y Required area, A = ∫ log e (x + e) dx
3 y=|x| 1− e
0
1 8 y2 = x Y x2 = 4y
= − 9 + 15 +
3 3
= 9 sq units y=4 y2 = 4x
X′ X S1
O (1, 0)
S2
229 The area of the plane region X′
S3
X
bounded by the curves x + 2y 2 = 0 O x=4
Y′
and x + 3y 2 = 1 is equal to 1
[AIEEE 2008] 2 x2 2 1 1
= x 3/ 2 − = − = sq unit
4 5
(a) sq units (b) sq units 3 2 0 3 2 6
3 3 Y′
1
(c) sq unit
2
(d) sq unit 231 If f (x) is a non-negative continuous Put x + e = t ⇒ dx = dt
e
3 3 function such that the area bounded ∴ A = ∫ log e t dt = [t log e t − t] e1
1
Ans. (a) by the curve y = f (x), X-axis and the
π π = (e − e − 0 + 1) = 1 sq unit
Given curves are x + 3y2 = 1 …(i)
ordinates x = and x = β > is
and x + 2y2 = 0 …(ii) 4 4 233 The parabolas y 2 = 4x and x 2 = 4y
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get β sin β + π cos β + 2 β . Then,
divide the square region bounded
y = ± 1 and x = −2 4
π by the lines x = 4, y = 4 and the
f is equal to
Y
(–2, 1) 2 coordinate axes. If S 1 , S 2 and S 3 are
[AIEEE 2005]
x + 3y 2 = 1
respectively the areas of these parts
x + 2y 2 = 0 π π
(a) 1 − + 2 (b) 1 − − 2 numbered from top to bottom, then
4 4
X′ X S 1 : S 2 : S 3 is equal to [AIEEE 2005]
π π
(c) − 2 + 1 (d) + 2 − 1
(–2, –1) 4 4 (a) 1 : 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 2 : 3 (d) 1 : 2 : 1
Ans. (a)
Ans. (a)
Y′ According to the given condition,
β π It is clear from the figure that
∴ Required area =
(x 1 − x2 ) dy
1
∫
1−
∫ π / 4 f (x) dx = β sin β + 4 cos β + 2 β 4
S 1 = S 3 = ∫ y dx
0
1 (1 − 3y2 + 2y2 ) dy On differentiating both sides w.r.t.β, we
=
4
∫−1
get x2
4 1 x3
=∫ dx =
π 0 4 4 3 0
1
f(β) = sin β + β cos β − sin β + 2
= (1 − y ) dy
∫−1
2
4
1
π π π ⇒ S 1 = S 3 = × 64
2 (1 − y ) dy
1
∴ f = 1+ 0− + 2= 1− + 2 12
= 2
∫0
2
4 4
16
= sq units …(i)
[since, integral is an even] 3
1
232 The area enclosed between the 4
y3 curve y = log e (x + e) and the and S2 + S 3 = ∫ 4x dx
= 2 y − 0
3 0 coordinate axes is [AIEEE 2005] 4
x 3/ 2
=2
2 1 − 1
= 4 x = –e
= sq units 3 /2 0
3 3 Y
4
(0, 1) =
×8
3
230 The area enclosed between the
32 16
curves y 2 = x and y = | x | is X′ X
⇒ S2 = − [from Eq. (i)]
1–e O 3 3
[AIEEE 2007]
16
2 ⇒ S2 = sq units
(a) sq unit (b) 1 sq unit 3
3
16 16 16
1
(c) sq unit (d)
1
sq unit Y′ ∴ S 1 : S2 : S 3 = : : = 1 : 1 : 1
6 3 3 3 3
248 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
2 3
234 The area of the region bounded by = ∫ (2 − x) dx + ∫2 (x − 2) dx Y
1 y=
the curves y = | x − 2|, x = 1, x = 3 and –x
2 3 C (0, 3) 1
the X-axis is [AIEEE 2004] x2 x2 + x–
= 2x − + − 2x 1
y=
(a) 1 sq unit 2 2 (–1, 2) D
1 2
(b) 2 sq units B (2, 1)
1 9
(c) 3 sq units = 4 − 2 − 2 − + − 6 − (2 − 4)
(d) 4 sq units 2 2 X′
O A y= X
x
+
3 3 (1, 0) 3
=2− − + 2
3
Ans. (a) –
x
y=
3 2 2
Required area = ∫ ydx
1 = 1 sq unit Y′
3
= ∫ | x − 2 | dx On solving, we get
1 235 The area of the region bounded by
y = x − 1 and y = 3 − x
the curves y = | x − 1| and y = 3 − | x | is
Y ⇒ x − 1=3− x ⇒ x =2
[AIEEE 2003]
and y =3−2 ⇒ y = 1
(a) 2 sq units
(b) 3 sq units Now, AB2 = (2 − 1)2 + (1 − 0)2
(c) 4 sq units = 1+ 1=2
X′ X
O (d) 6 sq units ⇒ AB = 2
x=1 x=3 Ans. (c) and BC2 = (0 − 2)2 + (3 − 1)2
x − 1, x > 1 =4+ 4= 8
Since, y = | x − 1 | =
Y′ − x + 1, x ≤ 1 ⇒ BC = 2 2
2 3 3 + x, x ≤ 0 ∴Area of rectangle ABCD = AB × BC
= ∫ − (x − 2) dx + and y = 3 − | x | =
1 ∫2 (x − 2) dx 3 − x, x > 0 = 2 × 2 2 = 4 sq units
Differential Equations 249
11
Differential Equations
TOPIC 1
02 The differential equation satisfied Ans. (2)
Order, Degree and Formation by the system of parabolas a
of Differential Equations y 2 = 4a (x + a) is Given, y 2 = a x + , a > 0 …(i)
2
[2021, 18 March Shift-I]
2 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. ‘x’.
dy dy
01 A differential equation (a) y − 2 x − y = 0 dy
dx dx 2y = a [1 + 0] = a … (ii)
representing the family of 2
dx
parabolas with axis parallel to dy dy
(b) y − 2 x + y = 0 Use Eqs. (ii) in (i) to eliminate the
Y-axis and whose length of latus dx dx constant ‘a’.
dy dy
2
rectum is the distance of the point dy dy
(c) y + 2 x − y = 0 y 2 = 2y x + 2y
(2, – 3) from the line 3x + 4y = 5, is dx dx dx dx
given by [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
dy dy
(d) y + 2 x − y = 0 y 2 − 2xy
dy
= 2 2⋅ y y ⋅
dy dy
d2 y d2 x dx dx
(a) 10 2 = 11 (b) 11 2 + 10 dx dx dx
dx dy Ans. (c) Squaring on both sides,
2 3
2
d x 2
d y Given, equation of curve is y 2 = 4a (x + a) dy dy dy
(c) 10 2 = 11 (d) 11 2 = 10 y 4 + 4x 2 y 2 − 4xy 3 = 8y 3
dy dx ⇒ y 2 = 4ax + 4a 2 …(i) dx dx dx
Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
Ans. (d) Thus, degree of above differential
dy
Let (h, k) be the vertex of parabola. 2y = 4a equation is 3 and its order is 1.
dx
Then, equation of parabola parallel to Difference between degree and order
y dy
Y-axis is ⇒ a= ⋅ …(i) =3− 1=2
2 dx
(x − h) 2 = 4a (y − k) … (i) 2
Also, ∴Required differential equation is 04 If y = x − 1 cosec x is the solution
Length of latusrectum = Distance of y dy y dy
2 π
point (2, − 3) from the line3x + 4y = 5 y2 = 4 × × x + 4 ⋅
2 dx 2 dx of the differential equation,
⇒ 4a =
|6 − 12 − 5| [From Eqs. (i) and (ii)] dy 2 π
+ p(x) y = cosec x, 0 < x < ,
32 + 42 dy
2
dy dx π 2
⇒ y 2 + 2xy − y 2 = 0
11 dx dx then the function p(x) is equal to
⇒ 4a =
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
5 dy 2 dy
∴From Eq. (i), ⇒ y y + 2x − y = 0 (a) cot x (b) cosec x
11 dx dx (c) sec x (d) tanx
(x − h) 2 = (y − k)
5 As, y ≠ 0 2 Ans. (a)
dy dy
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get ∴ y + 2x − y = 0
y = x − 1 cosec x
2
dx dx Since, ...(i)
11 dy π
m2(x − h) =
5 dx 03 The difference between degree On differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’, we get
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x and order of a differential equation
= cosec x − x − 1 cosec x cot x
dy 2 2
11 d 2 y that represents the family of dx π π
2=
5 dx 2 a
curves given by y 2 = a x + , ⇒
dy 2
+ y cot x = cosec x [from Eq. (i)]
⇒
2
d y
11 2 = 10
2 dx π
dx a > 0 is ……… . [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] ...(ii)
250 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
2
It is given that dy This is the required differential equation
⇒ ( y − 2) = 25 − ( y − 2)
2 2
dy 2 π dx whose order is two and degree is one.
+ p(x) y = cosec x, 0 < x <
dx π 2
or y ′2 ( y − 2) 2 = 25 − ( y − 2) 2 09 The differential equation
On comparing with Eq. (ii), we get
p(x) = cot x representing the family of curves
07 The differential equation of all
05 The differential equation of the y 2 = 2c (x + c ), where c > 0, is a
circles passing through the origin
family of curves, x 2 = 4b(y + b), b ∈R, parameter, is of order and degree
and having their centres on the
is as follows [AIEEE 2005]
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II] X-axis is [AIEEE 2007]
(a) order 2, degree 2
(a) xy′′ = y ′ dy dy
(a) x 2 = y 2 + xy (b) x 2 = y 2 + 3xy (b) order 1, degree 3
(b) x (y ′ ) 2 = x + 2 yy ′ dx dx (c) order 1, degree 1
(c) x (y ′ ) 2 = x − 2 yy ′ dy dy (d) order 1, degree 2
(c) y 2 = x 2 + 2 xy (d) y 2 = x 2 − 2 xy
(d) x (y ′ ) 2 = 2 yy ′ − x dx dx Ans. (b)
Ans. (b) Ans. (c)
Given, equation of family of curves is
Given equation of family of curves General equation of all such circles
which pass through the origin and whose y 2 = 2 c (x + c) …(i)
x 2 = 4b (y + b), b ∈ R
centre lie on X-axis, is On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ x 2 = 4by + 4b 2 …(i)
On differentiating the above Eq. (i) w.r.t. x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx = 0 …(i) 2 y y1 = 2 c ⇒ c = y y1
x, we get On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get On putting the value of c in Eq. (i), we get
2x = 4b
dy dy y 2 = 2 y y 1 (x + y y1 )
dx 2x + 2y + 2g = 0
dx ∴ ( y − 2 y y 1 x) 2 = 4 ( y y 1 ) 3
2
2x
⇒ 4b = …(ii), dy Hence, the degree and order of above
y′ ⇒ 2 g = − 2 x + 2y
dx equation are three and one, respectively.
dy
where = y′ On putting the value of 2g in Eq. (i), we get
dx 10 The differential equation for the
dy
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), on eliminatingb, we x 2 + y 2 + −2 x − 2y x = 0 family of curves x 2 + y 2 − 2ay = 0,
get dx
where a is an arbitrary constant, is
2 dy
2x x ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2 x 2 − 2 xy =0 [AIEEE 2004]
x2 = y + 4 dx
y′ 2y ′ (a) 2 (x 2 − y 2 ) y ′ = xy
dy
⇒ x 2 (y ′) 2 = 2xyy ′ + x 2 ⇒ y 2 = x 2 + 2 xy (b) 2 (x 2 + y 2 ) y ′ = xy
dx (c) (x 2 − y 2 ) y ′ = 2 xy
⇒ x (y ′) 2 = x + 2yy ′
which is the required equation. (d) (x 2 + y 2 ) y ′ = 2 xy
Hence, option (b) is correct.
Ans. (c)
08 The differential equation whose
06 The differential equation of the solution is Ax 2 + By 2 = 1, where The equation of the family of curves is
family of circles with fixed radius 5 A and B are arbitrary constant, is of x 2 + y 2 − 2ay = 0 …(i)
units and centre on the line y = 2 is [AIEEE 2006] On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
[AIEEE 2008]
(a) first order and second degree 2x + 2yy ′ − 2ay ′ = 0
(a) (x − 2) 2 y ′ 2 = 25 − ( y − 2) 2 (b) first order and first degree 2 x + 2yy ′
⇒ = 2a …(ii)
(b) (x − 2) y ′ 2 = 25 − ( y − 2) 2 (c) second order and first degree y′
(c) ( y − 2) y ′ 2 = 25 − ( y − 2) 2 (d) second order and second degree x2 + y2
From Eq. (i), we get 2a =
(d) ( y − 2) 2 y ′ 2 = 25 − ( y − 2) 2 y
Ans. (c)
Ans. (d)
The given equation is Ax 2 + By 2 = 1. On putting the value of2a in Eq. (ii), we get
The equation of family of circles with 2 x + 2yy ′ x 2 + y 2
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get =
centre on y = 2 and radius 5 is
dy y′ y
(x − α) 2 + ( y − 2) 2 = 52 …(i) 2 Ax + 2 By =0 …(i)
dx ⇒ 2 xy + 2y 2 y ′ = x 2 y ′ + y 2 y ′
⇒ x + α 2 − 2α x + y 2 + 4 − 4y = 25
2
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get Again differentiating, we get ∴ (x 2 − y 2 ) y ′ = 2 xy
dy dy dy 2 d 2 y
2 x − 2α + 2y −4 =0 2 A + 2 B + y 2 = 0 …(ii) 11 The degree and order of the
dx dx
dy dx dx
differential equation of the family of
⇒ α=x+ ( y − 2)
dx Eliminating A and B from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we all parabolas whose axis is X-axis,
On putting the value ofα in Eq. (i), we get get are respectively [AIEEE 2003]
2
dy
2
d 2 y dy y dy (a) 2, 1 (b) 1, 2
+ − ⋅ =0
x − x − dx ( y − 2) + ( y − 2) = 5
2 2 y
dx 2 dx x dx (c) 3, 2 (d) 2, 3
Differential Equations 251
Ans. (b) TOPIC 2 dy 2x y + 2y ⋅2x
16 If = x , y(0) = 0,
General equation of parabola whose axis
Variable, Separable and dx 2 + 2 x + y log e 2
is X-axis, is
y = 4a (x + h)
2 Homogeneous Differential then for y = 1, the value of x lies in
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
Equations the interval [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
1
dy (a) (1,2) (b) , 1
2y = 4a 2
dx 14 Let f be a non–negative function in
[0, 1] and twice differentiable in 1
(c) (2, 3) (d) 0,
⇒ y
dy
= 2a 2
dx (0, 1). If
x x Ans. (a)
∫0 1 − (f ′ (t)) dt = ∫0 f (t)dt, 0≤ x ≤ 1
2
Again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy 2x y + 2y ⋅2x
2 1 x = x , y(0) = 0
dy and f (0) = 0, then lim 2 ∫ f (t) dt
2
d y
y + y 2 =0 dx 2 + 2x + y log e 2
dx dx x → 0x 0
dy y + 2y
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] ⇒ =
This is a differential equation whose dx 1 + 2y log e 2
degree and order are one and two, (a) equals 0 (b) equals 1
1 + 2y ⋅ log e 2 dy
respectively. (c) does not exist (d) equals 1/2 ⇒ ∫ y + 2y = ∫ dx
Ans. (d)
12 The order and degree of the x x ⇒ log | y + 2y | = x + C
∫ [1 − (f ′ (t)) ] = ∫ f (t)
2 1/2
differential equation Q y(0) = 0 ⇒ C = 0
2 0 0
3
1 + 3 dy 3 = 4 d y are ∴ ln | y + 2y | = x
Differentiating on both sides,
dx dx 3 For y = 1
1 − [f ′ (x)] 2 = [f (x)]
[AIEEE 2002] x = ln | 1 + 2 | = ln 3
2 ⇒ 1 − [f ′ (x)] 2 = [f (x)] 2 ⇒ x ∈(1, 2)
(a) 1,
3 ⇒ 1 − [f (x)] 2 = [f ′ (x)] 2 y2
(b) (3, 1) ⇒ f ′ (x) = 1 − [f (x)] 2 2 φ 2
x
17 If y = x 2 +
dy y
(c) (3, 3) f ′ (x) dx ,x > 0 , φ> 0,
⇒ ∫ = ∫ 1 dx dx x y2
(d) (1, 2)
1 − [f (x)] 2 φ′ 2
Ans. (c) x
⇒ sin−1 f (x) = x + C
The given differential equation can be
Q f(0) = 0 ⇒ C = 0
rewritten as y2
3 f (x) = sin x and y(1) = − 1, then φ is equal
d 3y 4
2
dy x x
lim ∫ = lim ∫
1 + 3 = 4 3 f (t) dt sin x dt
dx dx ⇒ 0 0
[ap to [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
x→ 0 x2 x→ 0 x2
This shows that the order and degree of
plying L’Hopital Rule] (a) 4 φ (2) (b) 4 φ (1)
given equation are 3 and 3, respectively. (c) 2 φ (1) (d) φ (1)
sin x 1
= lim =
x → 0 2x 2 Ans. (b)
13 The differential equation of all
x+y y2
non-vertical lines in a plane is dy 2 −2 x
2 φ 2
15 If = , y(0) = 1, then y(1) dy y x
[AIEEE 2002]
dx 2 y Given, y =x 2 + …(i)
2
d y d x2 dx x y2
(a) =0 (b) =0 is equal to [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] φ′ 2
dx 2 dy 2 x
(a) log 2 (2 + e) (b) log 2 ( 1 + e) Let t =
y
dy dx
(c) =0 (d) =0 (c) log 2 (2e) (d) log 2 (1 + e 2 ) x
dx dy
Ans. (b) ⇒ y = xt
Ans. (a) dy 2x + y − 2x 2x (2y − 1 ) dy dt
= = ⇒ =t + x
The general equation of all non-vertical dx 2y 2y dx dx
lines in a plane isax + by = 1, where b ≠ 0. 2y ∴ Eq. (i) becomes
∫ 2y − 1 dy = ∫ 2 dx
x
dy
On differentiating, we geta + b =0 dt φ(t 2 )
dx t t + x = t 2 +
Again differentiating, we get ln(2 − 1) 2
y x dx φ′ (t 2 )
= +C
2
d y ln2 ln2 dt φ(t 2 )
b =0 1 ⇒ xt =
dx 2 As, y(0) = 1 ⇒ 0 = +C dx φ′ (t 2 )
log 2
d2 y t φ′ (t 2 ) dx
⇒ =0 [Qb ≠ 0] For y (1),ln2 (2y − 1) = 21 − 1 ⇒ 2y − 1 = e ⇒ dt =
dx 2 φ(t 2 ) x
y = log 2 (e + 1)
252 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Integrating both sides Now, at x = π Ans. (b)
t φ′ (t 2 ) dx ln (y ( π) + 2 sin π − 5) = π 2 + ln 2 Given,f(0) = 1,
∫ φ(t 2 ) dt = ∫ x ⇒ ln(y ( π) − 5) = π 2 + ln2 f′ (0) = 2,
y ( π) − 5 = e π + ln 2
2
Let φ(t 2 ) = u ⇒ f ′′(x) ≠ 0
⇒ tφ′ (t 2 ) dt =
du ⇒ y ( π) = 2e π + 5
2
f (x) f ′ (x)
=0
2 f ′ (x) f ′′(x)
1 du dx
2∫ u ∫ x
∴ = 19 Let y (x) be the solution of the ⇒ f (x)f ′′(x) − f ′ (x)f ′ (x) = 0
differential equation f ′′(x) f ′ (x)
1 ⇒ =
⇒ ln u = ln x + C 2x 2 dy + (e y − 2x) dx = 0, x > 0. If f ′ (x) f (x)
2 f ′′(x) f ′ (x)
y (e) = 1, then y(1) is equal to
⇒
1
ln φ(t 2 ) = ln x + C [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
⇒ ∫ f ′ (x) dx = ∫ f (x) dx
2
(a) 0 (b) 2 ⇒ log f ′ (x) = log f (x) + log c … (i)
1 y2
⇒ ln φ = ln x + C (c) log e 2 (d) log e (2 e) or f ′ (x) = cf (x)
2 x 2
Ans. (c) Now, put x = 0, we get
1 f ′ (0) = cf (0)
If x = 1, y = − 1, thenC = ln (φ(1)) We have,2x 2 dy + (e y − 2x) dx = 0
2 ⇒ 2= c × 1
dy e y − 2x
1 y2 + =0
∴ ln φ = ln x + 2 ln (φ (1)) dx 2x 2 ⇒ c =2
2 x 2 dy e y 1 Putting the value of c = 2 in Eq. (i), we get
+ − =0
y2 dx 2x 2 x log f ′ (x) = log f (x) + log 2
If x = 2, thenln φ = ln 4 + ln [φ(1)]
4 dy e − y 1 ⇒ f ′ (x) = 2f (x)
e−y − =− 2 …(i) f ′ (x)
or
y2
φ = 4φ(1)
dx x 2x ⇒ ∫ f (x) dx = ∫ 2dx
4 e−y = t …(ii)
−y
− e dy = dt ⇒ log f (x) = 2x + D
18 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the dt ⇒ f (x) = e 2 x + D
dy = − …(iii)
differential equation t ⇒ f (x) = e D ⋅ e 2 x
dy ⇒ f (x) = k ⋅ e 2 x [Let k = e D ]
= 2 (y + 2 sin x − 5) x − 2 cos x such −dt t 1
− =− 2 [From Eq. (i)] Put x = 0, we get
dx dx x 2x
that, y(0) = 7. Then y(π) is equal to f (0) = k. e 0
dx
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] x dt + t dx = ⇒ 1= k
2x
(a) 2 e π + 5 (b) e π + 5 ⇒ f (x) = k ⋅ e 2 x
2 2
dx ∴ f (x) = e 2 x
(c) 3 e π + 5 (d) 7 e π + 5 ∫ d (xt) = ∫ 2x
2 2
Put x = 1, we get
Ans. (a) 1 c
xt = log (x) + f ( 1) = e 2
dy 2 2
Given, = 2(y + 2 sin x − 5) x − 2 cos x, 2
Clearly, e lies in (6, 9).
dx 2xe − y = log x + c
y(0) = 7 When x = e, y = 1 21 Let slope of the tangent line to a
dy 2e ⋅ e −1 = log e + c
⇒ + 2 cos x = 2(y + 2 sin x − 5) x ...(i) curve at any point P (x, y) be given
dx c=1 xy 2 + y
Let y + 2 sin x − 5 = t ∴ 2xe − y = log x + 1 by . If the curve intersects
dy dt x
⇒ + 2 cos x = When x = 1,
dx dx the line x + 2y = 4 at x = − 2, then the
e−y = 0 + 1
Then, Eq. (i) becomes
value of y, for which the point (3, y)
ey = 2
dt lies on the curve, is
= 2tx ⇒ y = log e 2
dx [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
20 Let f be a twice differentiable 18 4
⇒
dt
= 2x dx (a) (b) −
t function defined on R, such that 35 3
18 18
On integrating f (0) = 1 , f ′ (0) = 2 and f ′ (x) ≠ 0 for all (c) − (d) −
lnt = x 2 + C f (x) f ′ (x) 19 11
⇒ ln(y + 2 sin x − 5) = x 2 + C
x ∈R. If = 0, for all Ans. (c)
...(ii) f ′ (x) f ′′ (x)
∴ y (0) = 7 Given, slope of tangent line to curve at
x ∈R, then the value of f(1) lies in
⇒ ln(7 + 0 − 5) = 0 + C xy 2 + y
the interval [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] (x, y) is
⇒ C = ln2 x
(a) (9, 12) (b) (6, 9)
∴ From Eq. (ii), dy xy 2 + y
(c) (0, 3) (d) (3, 6) i.e =
ln(y + 2 sin x − 5) = x 2 + ln 2 dx x
Differential Equations 253
dy y ⇒ t = 0, x = 0 1 1 7
⇒ = y2 + ⇒ C=− − =−
dx x − 1=C 3 4 12
⇒ xdy = xy 2 dx + ydx −2e − t = x 2 − 2 e − 4y e 3 x 7
∴ = −
⇒ xdy − ydx = xy 2 dx 2 − x2 −4 3 12
⇒ 2e x − y = 2 − x 2 ⇒ e x − y =
xdy − ydx
x = − log 2 , y = α log 2
⇒ = xdx 2 2
At
y2 2 − x2 3
⇒ x − y = log e
Integrating, both sides, we get 2 e − 4 y e −2 log 2 7
= −
−x x 2 2 − x2 −4 3 12
⇒ = +C …(i) ⇒ y = x − log e
y 2 2 e − 4 y 2− 2 7
⇒ = −
The curve intersect line at x =` −2 dy 2 −4 3 12
Then, x = −2, is satisfied by x + 2y = 4 = 1+ x
2 −x
2 e −4 y 1 7 e −4 y − 1
dx ⇒ = − ⇒ =
Hence, (−2) + 2y = 4 −4 12 12 −4 2
− x 2 + 2x + 2
Gives, y = 3 = ⇒ e −4 y = 2
2 − x2
∴Curve passes through (2, − 3). ∴ e −4 α log 2
=2
Use (2, − 3) is Eq. (i), we get − (x 2 − 2x + 1) + 3
= ⇒ −4α log 2 = log 2 ⇒ −4α = 1
−2 (−2) 2 2 − x2 −1
= + `C ∴ α=
−3 2 3 − (x − 1) 2
= 4
−4 2 − x2
⇒ C= π
3 – + 24 If y = y (x), y ∈ 0, is the solution of
∴The curve is −√2 1−√3 √2 2
− x x 2 −4 Minimum value the differential equation
= =` …(ii) dy
y 2 3 y(1 − 3) sec y − sin(x + y) − sin(x − y) = 0,
It also passes through (3, y). 2 − (1 − 3) 2
dx
π
y = (1 − 3) − log e
with y(0) = 0, then 5y′ is equal to
⇒
Put (3, 4) in Eq. (ii), we get
2 2
−3 (3) 2 4
⇒ = − y = (1 − 3) − log e ( 3 − 1)
y 2 3 ………… . [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
18 Ans. (2)
⇒ y=− 23 Let y = y (x) be solution of the
19 dy
differential equation sec y − sin(x + y) − sin(x − y) = 0
dx
log e = 3x + 4y, with y(0) = 0.
dy
22 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the dy
sec y = sin(x + y) + sin(x − y)
dx
dy dx
differential equation = 1 + xe y − x , 2
dx If y − log e 2 = α log e 2 , then the Using
3 C + D C − D
− 2 < x < 2, sin C + sin D = 2 sin cos
2 2
y(0) = 0, then the minimum value of value of α is equal to
dy
y (x), x ∈ (− 2, 2) is equal to [2021, 27 July Shift-I] ⇒ sec y = 2 sin x cos y
1 1 dx
[2021, 25 July Shift-I] (a) − (b)
⇒ ∫ secy dy = ∫ 2 sin x dx
2
(a) (2 − 3) − log e 2 4 4
1 ⇒ tan y = − 2 cos x + c
(b) (2 + 3) − log e 2 (c) 2 (d) −
2 y(0) = 0
(c) (1 + 3) − log e ( 3 − 1) Ans. (a) ⇒ tan0 = − 2 + c
(d) (1 − 3) − log e ( 3 − 1) dy ∴ c =2
log e = 3x + 4y
dx π π
Ans. (d) y ⇒tan y = − 2 cos + 2
dy 2 2
dy ⇒ = e 3 x + 4y
= 1 + xe y − x , − 2 < x < 2 tan y = 2
dx dx
Let y − x =t ⇒
dy
= e 3 x ⋅ e 4y ⇒ sec2 y = 1 + tan2 y
dy dt dx = 1+ 4= 5
− 1=
dy
∫ e 4y = ∫ e dx
dx dx ⇒ 3x
π dy
dt y′ ⇒sec2 y = 2 sin x
⇒ = xe t 2 dx
dx e − 4y e 3 x
⇒ = +C dy π
−4 ⇒ = 2 sin
∫e dt = ∫ x dx 5
−t
⇒ 3
dx 2
x2 Now, y(0) = 0
−e − t = +C dy
2 e0 e0 5 =2
So, = +C dx x = π
y(0) = 0 −4 3 2
254 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
1 2dx
25 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the −2 = +c
∫
dy
y ∫ x log e x
…(iii) =
α
differential equation Subtracting Eq. (iii) from Eq. (ii), ⇒ log e | y | = 2 log e | log e x | + c ...(i)
(x − x 3 ) dy = (y + yx 2 − 3x 4 ) dx, x > 2. 1 2α − 1 2α − 1 3
If y(3) = 3, then y(4) is equal to − + 2= ⇒ = Put x = 2, y = (log e 2) 2
2 α α 2
[2021, 27 July Shift-II] ⇒ log e | (log e 2) 2 | = 2log e | log e 2 | + c
⇒ α = 2 (as α ∈N)
(a) 4 (b) 12 ⇒ 2log e | log e 2 | = 2log e | log e 2 | + c
(c) 8 (d) 16 27 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the ⇒ c =0
Ans. (b) Substitute in Eq. (i),
differential equation
Given differential equation, log e | y | = 2 log e | log e x |
xdy = (y + x 3 cos x)dx with y(π) = 0,
⇒ y = (log e x) 2
(x − x 3 ) dy = (y + yx 2 − 3x 4 ) dx π
⇒ x dy − x 3 dy = ydx + yx 2 dx − 3x 4 dx
then y is equal to Now, value of y at x = e
2
⇒ x dy − y dx = yx 2 dx + x 3dy − 3x 4 dx f (e) = (log e e) 2 = 1
[2021, 25 July Shift-II]
⇒ x dy − y dx = x 2 ( y dx + x dy − 3x 2 dx) π2 π π2 π 29 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the
x dy − y dx (a) + (b) +
⇒ = (y dx + x dy) − 3x 2 dx 4 2 2 4 differential equation
x2 y + 1
π2 π π2 π
⇒ d = d (xy) − d (x 3 )
y (c) − (d) − (x + 2) e x + 2 + (y + 1) dx
x 2 4 4 2
Ans. (a)
Integrating both sides,
y Given, differential equation = (x + 2)dy, y(1) = 1 . If the domain of
= xy − x 3 + c …(i)
x xdy = (y + x 3 cos x) dx y = y (x) is an open interval α, β,
Given, f(3) = 3 ⇒ xdy = ydx + x 3 cos x dx then | α + β| is equal to ……… .
3 [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
= 3 × 3 − 33 + c ⇒ xdy − ydx = x 3 cos x dx
3 xdy − ydx Ans. (4)
⇒ = x cos x dx
⇒ 1 = − 18 + c x2 y +1
⇒ c = 19 d y (x + 2) e x + 2 + (y + 1) dx = (x + 2)dy
dx x ∫
⇒ = x cos x dx
From Eq. (i),
y y(1) = 1
y
= xy − x 3 + 19 ⇒ = x sin x − ∫ 1 ⋅ sin x dx
x y +1
x dy y + 1
At x =4 ⇒
y
= x sin x + cos x + c ...(i) ∴ = ex + 2 +
x dx x + 2
y
= 4y − 64 + 19 At x = π and y =0 Let y + 1 = Y ⇒ x + 2= X
4
0= − 1+ c ⇒ c = 1
Y Y
⇒ y = 16y − 180 dY Y dY Y
⇒ = eX + ⇒ −eX =
⇒ 15y = 180 Substitute the value of c in Eq. (i), dX X dX X
y Y = VX
⇒ y = 12 = x sin x + cos x + 1 Let
x dY dV
Hence, y(4) = 12. ⇒ =V + X
⇒ y = x 2 sin x + x cos x + x dX dX
π
26 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the At x= dV
2 ⇒ V+X − eV = V
dX
differential equation π π π π2 π
2
y = (1) + 0 + = + dV dX e−V
dy = e αx + y dx; α ∈N. If 2 4 2 4 2 ⇒ ∫ e V = ∫ X ⇒ −1 = log e X + c
y (log e 2) = log e 2 and y (0) = log e ,
1 −Y
2 28 Let a curve y = f (x) pass through ⇒ −e X
= log e | X | + c
then the value of α is equal to the point [2, (log e 2) 2 ] and have ⇒ X + 2 = X ⇒1 + 2 = 3
………… . 2y
[2021, 27 July Shift-II] slope for all positive real ⇒ Y + 1 = Y ⇒1 + 1 = 2
Ans. (2) x log e x −2
⇒ −e 3
= log e 3 + c
Given, differential equation value of x. Then the value of f (e) is −2
dy = e αx + y dx equal to …… . [2021, 25 July Shift-II] ⇒ c = −e 3
− log e 3
−y
e dy = e αx dx Ans. (1) −Y 2
Integrating both sides, ∫ e − ydy = ∫ e αx dx ⇒ e X
= e 3 + log e 3 − log e | X | > 0
We have, 2
e αx 2y
⇒ –e − y = +c …(i) Slope = log e | X | < e 3 + log e 3
α x log e x ( e 2 / 3 + log
| x + 2|< e e 3)
Put (x, y) = (log e 2,log e 2) dy 2y dy 2dx
⇒ = ⇒ =
1 2α dx x log e x y x log e x ⇒ | x + 2|< k
⇒ − = +c …(ii) ⇒ − k < x + 2< k
2 α
⇒ −k − 2 < x < k − 2
Put (x, y) = (0, − log e 2) in Eq. (i), Integrating both sides,
Differential Equations 255
∴ α + β = − 4 ⇒ |α + β | = 4
1
θ e− x + 1
π 1
2
x2 − 1 + 1 ⇒ cos = ...(ii)
30 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the
= +
16 2 ∫ 1 − x2
dx 2 2
0
From Eq. (i),
differential equation π 1 1 1
cos ⋅ θ dx = e 2 x − 1 dy
= + ∫ − 1 − x 2 dx
2
x tan dy = y tan − x dx,
y y 16 2 1 − x 2
x x π 1 From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
= +
1 π e− x + 1
⋅ dx = e 2 x − 1 dy
−1 ≤ x ≤ 1, y = . Then, the area 16 2
2 6 1
2
−1 x 1 − 1 2
sin x − 2 1 − x + 2 sin x
2
of the region bounded by the e− x + 1 1
0 ⋅ dx = dy
1 2 e −1
2x
curves x = 0, x = and y = y (x) in π 1 π 1 π
= + − −
2 16 2 4 4 8 e− x + 1
or dx = 2 dy
the upper half plane is π π 1 π 1 e2x − 1
= + − = −
[2021, 20 July Shift-I] 16 16 8 8 8
1+ ex
1 1 or dx = 2 dy
(a) (π − 1) (b) (π − 3)
8 12 31 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the ex ⋅ e2x − 1
1 1 differential equation dt
(c) (π − 2) (d) (π − 1) Put e x = t, then e xdx = dt or dx = ,
e x 1 − y 2 dx + dy = 0, y(1) = − 1.
4 6 y t
x 1+ t dt
Ans. (a) = 2 dy
y = y (x) Then, the value of [y (3)] 2 is equal to t t −1 t
2
1+ t
x tan dy = y tan − x dx
y y [2021, 20 July Shift-I] dt
⇒ = 2 dy
x x (a) 1 − 4 e 3 (b) 1 − 4 e 6 t t + 1⋅ t − 1 t
y
y tan − x
(c) 1 + 4 e 3 (d) 1 + 4 e 6 dt
dy ⇒ = dy ⋅ 2
= x Ans. (b) t t t−1
dx y y
x tan e x (1 − y 2 )dx + dy = 0 1 1
x Put t = , thendt = − 2 dz
x z z
Put y = vx
dy − e 1 − y
x 2
dz
dy dv = − 2
⇒ =v + x y z
dx dx
dx
= 2 dy
x 1 1
−
1
dv vx tan v − x
∴ v+ x = ydy z z2 z
dx x tan v ⇒ ∫ 1 − y2
= − ∫ xe xdx
−
dz
= 2dy
dv v tan v − 1 1− z
⇒ v+ x =
dx tan v ⇒ 1 − y 2 = e x (x − 1) + c
Integrating both sides,
dv
⇒ v + x = v − cot v x = 1, y = 1 dz
dx 0 =0 + c −∫ = 2 ∫ dy
1− z
dv dx ∴ 1 − y 2 = e 2 x (x − 1) 2
⇒ ∫
− cot v ∫ x
= 1
At x = 3, 1 − y 2 = e 6 ⋅ 4 ( 1 − z) 2
y 2 = 1 − 4e 6 ⇒ −2 = 2y + c
⇒ log e cos v = log e x + c −1
⇒ cos = cx
y 1
x 32 Let a curve y = y (x) be given by the ⇒ 2 1 − = 2y + c
1 2
t
1 π solution of the differential equation
When x = ,y =
cos cos −1 (e − x ) dx = e2 x − 1 dy
1
2 6 1
⇒ 2(1 − e − x ) 2 = 2y + c ...(iii)
π 2
cos =
e
∴ Given condition y(0) = − 1
3 2 If it intersects Y-axis at y = − 1and From Eq. (iii),
⇒ c=1 the intersection point of the curve 1
y
cos = x ⇒y = x cos− 1 x with X-axis is (α, 0), then e α is 2(1 − 1) 2 = 2 (− 1) + c
x
1 1
equal to [2021, 20 July Shift-II] ⇒ c= 2
2 2 Ans. (2) From Eq. (iii),
∫ y dx = ∫ x cos
−1
∴ Area = x dx
Given equation,
0 0
1 2 1 − e − x = 2 (y + 1) ...(iv)
1
1
cos cos− 1 (e − x ) dx = e 2 x − 1 dy ...(i)
2
x 2
2
−1 2
x 2 It passes through (α, 0), putting in Eq. (iv),
= cos− 1 x ⋅ −
2 0 ∫ 1− x 2
⋅
2
dx
Let cos− 1 (e − x ) = θ, then e − x = cosθ 2 1 − e − α = 2 (0 + 1)
0
θ 1 1
⇒ 2 cos2 − 1 = e − x ⇒ 1 − e− α = ⇒ 1 − e−α =
2 2 2
256 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
1 dy 1
⇒ e− α = ⇒ e α =2 = xy − 1 + x − y ⇒ (β − α) (α 2 + β 2 + αβ)
2 dx 3
4 8
dy
= x (y + 1) − 1 (y + 1) + (β − α) (β + α) + c (β − α) =
33 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the dx 3
1
differential equation dy
= (x − 1) (y + 1) ⇒ (2 1 − c ) (4 − c) + (2 1 − c )
dx 3
xdy − ydx = (x 2 − y 2 ) dx, x ≥ 1, with dy (− 2 + c) =
4 8
y(1) = 0. If the area bounded by the ∫ y + 1 = ∫ (x − 1) dx 3
line x = 1, x = e π , y = 0and y = y (x) is ⇒ (2 1 − c ) [4 − c + (− 6 + 3c)] = 4 8
x2
log e (y + 1) = −x+ c
αe2 π + β, then the value of 10(α + β) 2 ⇒ (2 1 − c ) [2(c − 1)] = 4 8
is equal to ………… . y(0) = 0 ⇒ (1 − c) 3 / 2 = − 8
[2021, 18 Mar. Shift-II]
log e 1 = 0 + c ⇒c = 0 ⇒ (1 − c) 3 = 8
Ans. (4) 1
y(1) ⇒log e (y + 1) = − 1 ⇒ 1− c =2
xdy − ydx = x 2 − y 2 dx 2 ∴ c=−1
xdy − ydx 1 y2 y + 1 = e − 1/2 Now, y = x 2 + 2x − 1
⇒ = 1 − 2 dx y (1) = − 1 + e −1 / 2
x 2
x x ∴ y(1) = 12 + 2⋅ 1 − 1 = 2
y
d
x 1
35 Let the curve y = y (x) be the 36 Let C 1 be the curve obtained by the
⇒ = dx
2 x solution of the differential equation solution of differential equation
1 −
y dy
x = 2(x + 1). dy
dx 2xy = y 2 − x 2 , x > 0. Let the curve
On integrating, dx
If the numerical value of area
1 1 C2 be the solution of 2xy = dy . If
∫ 2
. d (y / x) = ∫ dx
x
bounded by the curve y = y (x) and x 2 − y 2 dx
1 −
y 4 8
x X-axis is , then the value of y(1) both the curves pass through (1, 1),
3 then the area enclosed by the
⇒ sin−1 (y / x) = l og | x | + C is equal to……… .
Now, at x = 1, y = 0 curves C 1 and C2 is equal to
[2021, 16 March Shift-I]
[2021, 16 March Shift-II]
∴ C =0 Ans. (2) π
Hence, y = x sin(l og x) dy (a) π − 1 (b) −1
eπ We have, = 2(x + 1) 2
dx π
∴ A= ∫ x sin(log x) dx x2
(c) π + 1 (d) + 1
4
1
y = ∫ 2(x + 1) dx = 2 + x + c
Put x = e t ⇒dx = e t dt 2 Ans. (b)
π
∴ A =∫ e 2t
sin(t) dt y = x + 2x + c
2
Given,2xy
dy
= y2 − x2 , x > 0
0 dx
e ax dy y 2 − x 2
using ∫ e ⋅ sinbx = 2
ax
(a sinbx − b cosbx) = , x > 0
a + b2 dx 2xy
π
e2t Let y = vx
α e 2 π + β = (2 sint − cost)
α β dy
5 0 =v + x
dv
1 + e2π dx dx
=
5 β
4 8 dv v 2 x 2 − x 2 v 2 − 1
v+ x = =
∴
1
α = ,β =
1 Now, ∫ y dx = 3 dx 2x ⋅vx 2v
5 5 α
dv v 2 − 1
∴ 10 (α + β) = 4 β
4 8 ⇒ x = −v
∫ (x + 2x + c) dx =
2
dx 2v
3
34 Which of the following is true for
α
dv v 2 − 1 − 2v 2
β ⇒ x =
y (x), that satisfies the differential x3 4 8 dx 2v
⇒ + x + cx =
2
dy 3 α 3 dv − (v 2 + 1)
equation = xy − 1 + x − y; y (0) = 0 ⇒ x =
dx β −α
3 3 dx 2v
4 8
[2021, 17 March Shift-I] ⇒ + (β 2 − α 2 ) + c (β − α) = 2v dx
1 1 1 3 3 ⇒∫ − 2 dv = ∫
(a) y (1) = e
−
2
−1 (b) y (1) = e − e
2
−
2 α + β = −2 v + 1 x
αβ = c
1
⇒ − log n | v 2 + 1 | = log n x + c
(c) y(1) = 1 (d) y (1) = e 2 − 1 ∴ β − α = (α + β) 2 − 4αβ
⇒log n | x | + log n | v 2 + 1 | = c
Ans. (a) = 4 − 4c = 2 1 − c ⇒ log n |v 2 + 1) x | = c
Differential Equations 257
y2 Now, x
t
log 6
⇒ 2 + 1 x = c x or = e2 5 … (iii)
x f (x) = ∫ e t f (t)dt + e x 1000
0
(y + x ) 2 2
Given, x = 2000 at t = k /log e (6 / 5), put in
⇒ =c ⇒ f (0) = e 0 = 1
x (iii),
Put x = 0, in Eq. (i), we get k 6 6
log / log
⇒ y 2 + x 2 = cx log(2) = e 0 + C
2000
= e2 5 5
Similarly, for second curve, x 2 + y 2 = cy ⇒ C = log(2) − 1
1000
Both passes through (1, 1), 2 = e k / 2 or log 2 = k /2
From Eq. (i), we get
C1 ⇒ 1 + 1 = c1 or k /log2 = 2
log(f (x) + 1) = e x + log 2 − 1
⇒ C1 = 2 ⇒ (k /log e 2) = (2) 2 = 4
f (x) + 1 =` e e + log 2 − 1
x
C 1 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 2x = e e . e log 2 . e −1
x
39 The population P = P (t) at time t of a
C 2 ⇒ x + y = 2y 2 2
f (x) + 1 = 2e e . e −1 = 2e e −1
x x
certain species follows the
1 + 1 = 2C 2 −1
∴ f (x) = 2e e −1
x
differential equation
C2 = 1 dP
= 0.5P − 450. If P (0) = 850, then
C 2 ⇒ x + y 2 = 2y 2
38 The rate of growth of bacteria in a dt
culture is proportional to the the time at which population
A
number of bacteria present and the becomes zero is
bacteria count is 1000 at initial time [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
t = 0. The number of bacteria is 1
x2+y2+2y=0 (a) log e 9 (b) log e 18
increased by 20% in 2 h. If the 2
O B (c) log e 18 (d) 2 log e 18
population of bacteria is 2000 after
2
k Ans. (d)
k
h, then is equal dP
x2+y2+2x=0 log e (6 / 5) log e 2 Given, = 0.5P − 450
dt
to and P(0) = 850
π ⋅ 12 1 [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] dP 1 P − 900
∴Required area = 2 − ⋅ 1⋅ 1 Q = P − 450 =
4 2 (a) 4 (b) 8 dt 2 2
π –2 π (c) 2 (d) 16 1 dP 1 dt
=2 = −1
4 2 Ans. (a)
⇒ ∫0 P − 900 = ∫0 2
t
Let x be the number of bacteria at any
[log e | P − 900 |] 0t =
t
x ⇒
37 Let f (x) = ∫ e f (t) dt + e be a
t x
time t.
0
2
0
dx
differentiable function for all x ∈R. Given that, ∝ x t
dt ⇒log e | P (t) − 900 | − log e | P (0) − 900 | =
Then, f (x) equals 2
dx
QRate of growth = ⇒ log e | P (t) − 900 | − log e 50 =
t
[2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II] dt
(a) 2e (e x − 1 )
−1 (b) e ex
−1 2
dx dx
− 1) ⇒ = λx ⇒ = λdt Let, at t = t 1 , P (t) = 0
(c) 2e e − 1
x x
(d) e (e dt x
Hence,log e | P (t) − 900 | − log e 50 = t 1 /2
Ans. (a) After integrating it, we get
∴ t 1 = 2log e 18
x log x = λt + c … (i)
Given, f (x) = ∫ e f (t)dt + e t x
…(i)
0 Given, whent = 0, x = 1000 which gives 40 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the
Since,f (x) is differentiable function, log 1000 = 0 + c differential equation,
Differentiate Eq. (i) 2 + sin x dy
⇒ c = log 1000
f ′ (x) = e xf (x) + e x [Using ⋅ = − cos x, y > 0, y (0) = 1.
Newton Leibnitz theorem]
From Eq. (i), we have y + 1 dx
log x − log 1000 = λt or log
x dy
f ′ (x) = e x (f (x) + 1) = λt If y (π) = a and at x = π is b, then
1000
f ′ (x) dx
= ex … (ii)
f (x) + 1 the ordered pair (a,b) is equal to
Given that in2h, number of bacteria
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I]
Integrating it, increased by 20% i.e. whent = 2h,
f ′ (x) x = 1200 3
(a) (1, 1) (b) 2,
∫ f (x) + 1 dx = ∫ e dxt + C
x
2
Put, t = 2 and x = 1200 in Eq. (ii),
(c) (1, − 1)
log
Let f (x) + 1 = u, thenf ′ (x)dx = du 1200 1 6 (d) (2, 1)
= 2λ gives, λ = log
du 1000 2 5 Ans. (a)
∫ u =e +C
x
Again, from Eq. (ii), Given differential equation is
log u = e x + C log
x 1 6 2 + sin x dy
= log ⋅t = − cos x
log(f (x) + 1) = e x + C [Qu = f (x) + 1] 1000 2 5 y + 1 dx
258 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
dy cos x 1 1 1 ⇒ 2 − x = Ax (x − 1) + B (x − 1) + Cx 2
⇒ ∫ y + 1 = − ∫ 2 + sin x dx log e + = 1 ⇒ = 1 + log e 2
2 y y On comparing A + C = 0, B − A = − 1 and
⇒ log e | y + 1 | = − log e |2 + sin x | + log e C 1 1 B = −2
⇒ y =f =
Q y(0) = 1 ⇒ log e C = log e4 2 1 + log e 2 ∴ A = − 1 and C = 1
(y + 1)(2 + sin x) = 4 dy dx dx dx
So,
4
Hence, option (a) is correct. ∴ ∫ y = − ∫ x − 2∫ x 2 + ∫ x − 1
⇒ y= −1
2 + sin x 42 The solution curve of the 2
⇒ log e y = − log e x + + log e (x − 1) + C
4
Q y ( π) = a ⇒a = − 1 = 2 − 1 = 1 differential equation, x
2 dy Q y (2) = e ⇒1 = − log e 2 + 1 + 0 + C
dy 4 cos x (1 + e − x ) (1 + y 2 ) = y 2 , which ⇒ C = log e 2
and =− dx
dx (2 + sin x) 2 ∴ At x = 4,
passes through the point (0, 1) is 1
Since,
dy 4
=b ⇒ =b ⇒b = 1 log e y = − log e (4) + + log e (3) + log e 2
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I] 2
dx x = π 4
1 + e− x
⇒ log e = ⇒ y =
2y 1 3
∴Ordered pair (a, b) = (1, 1) (a) y 2 + 1 = y log e + 2 e
2 3 2 2
41 If a curve y = f (x), passing through 1 + ex ⇒ y (4) =
3
e
(b) y 2 + 1 = y log e + 2 2
the point (1, 2), is the solution of the 2
Hence, option (c) is correct.
differential equation, 1 + ex
2x 2 dy = (2xy + y 2 )dx, then f is
1 (c) y 2 = 1 + y log e
2 44 The solution of the differential
2 y + 3x
1 + e− x dy
equal to (d) y 2 = 1 + y log e equation − + 3 = 0 is
dx log e (y + 3x)
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II] 2
1 1 Ans. (c) (where C is a constant of integration)
(a) (b)
1 + log e 2 1 − log e 2 Given differential equation
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II]
−1 (a) x − log e (y + 3x) = C
(c) 1 + log e 2 (d) (1 + e − x ) (1 + y 2 )
dy
= y2 1
1 + log e 2 dx (b) y + 3x − (log e x) 2 = C
2
Ans. (a) 1 + y2 ex (c) x − 2 log e (y + 3x) = C
Given differential equation is
⇒ ∫ y 2 dy = ∫ 1 + e x dx 1
(d) x − (log e (y + 3x)) 2 = C
2x 2 dy = (2xy + y 2 ) dx 1 2
⇒ − + y = log e (1 + e ) + C,
x
dy 2xy + y 2 y Ans. (d)
⇒ =
dx 2x 2 which passes through (0, 1), Given differential equation is
[Homogeneous differential equation] So − 1 + 1 = log e 2 + C ⇒C = − log e 2 dy y + 3x
dy dv – +3=0
Let y = vx = =v + x So, equation of required curve is dx log e (y + 3x)
dx dx 1 + ex dy dt
y 2 = 1 + y log e Put, y + 3x = t ⇒ + 3 =
∴ The differential equation becomes 2 dx dx
dv 2vx 2 + v 2 x 2
v+ x = Hence, option (c) is correct.
∴
dt
–
t
=0 ⇒ ∫
log(t)
dt = ∫ dx
dx 2x 2 dx log e (t) t
⇒ x
dv
=
2v + v 2 − 2v 43 If x 3 dy + xydx = x 2 dy + 2ydx; y (2) = e 1
2 ⇒ (log e t) 2 = x + c ′
dx and x > 1, then y(4) is equal to 2
dv v 2 dv dx 1
⇒ x = ⇒2 2 = [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
⇒ x – (log e (y + 3x)) 2 = C, where c ′ = –C.
dx 2 v x e 3 2
−1 (a) (b) + e
⇒ 2 = log e x + C 2 2
v 3 1 45 If y = y (x) is the solution of the
2x (c) e (d) + e
⇒ log e x + + C =0 …(i) 2 2 differential equation
y
Ans. (c) 5 + e x dy
as v=
y ⋅ + e x = 0 satisfying y(0) = 1,
x Given differential equation 2 + y dx
QThe curve (i) passes through the point x 3dy + xydx = x 2 dy + 2ydx then a value of y (log e 13) is
(1, 2). ⇒ (x 3 − x 2 )dy = y (2 − x)dx [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
So, c = −1 dy 2− x (a) 0 (b) −1 (c) 1 (d) 2
∴ log e x +
2x
=1
⇒ ∫ y = ∫ x 2 (x − 1) dx Ans. (b)
y
Making partial fractions for RHS, we get Given differential equation
1 2− x
Now, at x= A B
= + 2 +
C 5 + e x dy
2 + ex = 0
x (x − 1) x x
2
x−1 2 + y dx
Differential Equations 259
dy ex 1+ 1
⇒ ∫2+ y + ∫ 5 + e x dx = 0 1 + x2
(a)
3
(b) −
3
−1 2 2
= log e + 1 + x 2 + C 1
⇒ log e |2 + y | + log e |5 + e x | = log e C 2 1 1 1
1 − (c) − (d)
⇒ |2 + y | ⋅ |5 + e | = C
x
1 + x2 2 2
Q y(0) = 1 ⇒ C = 18 −1 1 + x 2 + 1 Ans. (d)
∴ At x = log e 13 ⇒ I 2 = log e + 1 + x + C 1
2
Given differential equation
2
1 + x 2
− 1
|2 + y | |5 + 13 | = 18 dy
1 − x2 + 1 − y 2 = 0, | x | < 1
…(ii) dx
⇒ |2 + y | = 1 ⇒ y + 2 = ± 1
1 1+ y dy dx
2
1 2y ⇒ ∫ 1 − y2 = − ∫ 1 − x2
2 ∫ 1 + y2
⇒ y = − 1 or −3 And I 2 = dy = + C2
2 1 /2
46 The general solution of the ⇒ sin−1 y = − sin−1 x + C
= 1 + y2 + C2 …(iii)
1 3
differential equation Q y = (given)
dy From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get 2 2
1 + x 2 + y 2 + x 2 y 2 + xy = 0 is 1 + x2 + 1 3 1
dx 1 ∴ sin−1 = − sin−1 + C
− log e + 1 + x2 2 2
(where C is a constant of integration) 2 1 + x2 − 1
π π π
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I] ⇒ =− +C ⇒C=
+ 1 + y2 − C = 0 3 6 2
(a) 1
1 + x2 + 1 ⇒ 1 + x2 + 1 + y2 ∴at x=−
1 2
1 + y 2 + 1 + x 2 = log e +C
2 1+ x2 − 1 1 + x2 + 1 1 π
1 sin y = − sin−1 − +
−1
= log e +C
2 1 + x2 − 1 2 2
(b)
1 + x2 + 1 −1 −1 1 π
1 sin y = sin +
1 + y 2 − 1 + x 2 = log e +C [where, −C = C 1 + C 2 ] 2 2
2 1+ x2 − 1
π π 3π
47 If y = y (x) is the solution of the = + =
(c) 4 2 4
1+ x2 − 1 π
differential eq., e y − 1 = e x
1
1 + y 2 + 1 + x 2 = log e +C dy ⇒ sin−1 y = π −
2 1 + x2 + 1 dx 4
π π
(d) such that y(0) = 0, then y(1) is equal ⇒ y = sin π − = sin
4 4
1 1+ x2 − 1 to [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] 1
1 + y 2 − 1 + x 2 = log e +C ⇒ y=
1 + x2 + 1
2 (a) 2 + log e 2 (b) 2e 2
Ans. (a) (c) 1 + log e 2 (d) log e 2 Hence, option (d) is correct.
The given differential equation Ans. (c) dy xy
49 If = 2 ; y (1) = 1; then a value
dy
1 + x 2 + y 2 + x 2 y 2 + xy = 0 The given differential equation dx x + `y 2
dx dy dy of x satisfying y (x) = e is
dy e y − 1 = e x ⇒ − 1 = ex − y
⇒ (1 + x )(1 + y ) + xy = 0
2 2 dx dx 1
dx dy dt
(a) 3e (b) 3e
Let x − y =t ⇒ 1− = 2
1 + x2 y dx dx e
⇒ ∫ x
dx + ∫ 1 + y2
dy = 0 …(i)
dt dt
(c) 2e (d)
2
∴ − = e t ⇒ − ∫ t = dx
1 + x2 dx e [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
Now, let I 1 = ∫ dx ⇒ e−t = x + c Ans. (b)
x
− (x − y )
Put x = tanθ ⇒ e =x+ c Given differential equation,
⇒ dx = sec2 θdθ ⇒ ey − x = x + c dy xy
=
secθ dθ Q y(0) = 0, so e 0 − 0 = 0 + c ⇒ c = 1 dx x 2 + y 2
∴ I1 = ∫ sec2 θdθ = ∫
tanθ sinθ cos2 θ Q e y − x = x + 1 ⇒ y = x + log e (x + 1) Put y = vx ⇒
dy
=v + x
dv
sinθ So, y (1) = 1 + log e 2 dx dx
=∫ dθ
cos2 θ(1 − cos2 θ) dv
then, v + x =
v
Put cosθ = t ⇒− sinθdθ = dt 48. Let y = y (x) be a solution of the dx 1 + v 2
−dt −1 1 differential equation, dv v − v − v 3
∴ I1 = ∫ 2
t (1 − t 2 ) ∫ 1 − t 2 t 2
= − dt ⇒ x =
dy dx 1 + v2
1 − x2 + 1 − y 2 = 0,| x | < 1.
dx ⇒ 3 + dv = −
1 1 + t 1 1 1 dx
= − log e + + C 1 −1 v v
If y = , then y is equal
1 3 x
2 1 − t t
2 2 2 1
⇒ − 2 + log e |v | = − log e | x | + C
−1 1 + cosθ 1 2v
= log e + + C1 to [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] (on integration both sides)
2 1 − cosθ cos θ
260 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
x2 Qv = y dx Now, y = + 1 =
1 1 5
⇒− + log e | y | = C
x
⇒ ln|t | = x + C Q∫ x = ln| x | + C 4 4
2y 2 4
y(1) = 1 ⇒ ln |f (x)| = x + C …(i) 3 3 7
Q and y = + 1 =
∴ C =−
1 [Qt = f (x)] 4 4 4
Q f(1) = 2 3 5 7
y + y = + = 3
2 1
⇒
Now, as y = e, then So, ln (2) = 1 + C [using Eq. (i)] 4 4 4 4
x2 1 3 x2 ⇒ C = ln2 − ln e [Qln e = 1]
− 2 + 1=− ⇒ = 2
C = ln
2 53 The curve amongst the family of
2e 2 2 2e ⇒
e
⇒ x 2 = 3e 2 ⇒ x = 3e curves represented by the
[Qln A − ln B = ln ]
A differential equation,
Hence, option (b) is correct.
B
(x 2 − y 2 )dx + 2xydy = 0, which
50 Given that the slope of the tangent From Eq. (i), we get passes through (1, 1), is
ln |f (x)| = x + ln
2
to a curve y = y (x) at any point (x, y) [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II]
2y e (a) a circle with centre on the Y-axis
is 2 . If the curve passes through
ln|f (x)|− ln = x
2 (b) a circle with centre on the X-axis
x ⇒
e (c) an ellipse with major axis along the
the centre of the circle
ef (x) A Y-axis
x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y = 0, then its ⇒ ln = x [Qln A − ln B = ln ]
(d) a hyperbola with transverse axis
2 B
equation is [2019, 8 April Shift-II] along the X-axis.
e
(a) x 2 log e | y | = − 2 (x − 1) ⇒ f (x) = e x Ans. (b)
2
(b) x log e | y | = x − 1
[Qlna = b ⇒ a = e b , a > 0] Given differential equation is
(c) x log e | y | = 2 (x − 1)
e e (x 2 − y 2 ) dx + 2xy dy = 0, which can be
(d) x log e | y | = − 2 (x − 1) ⇒ |f (x)| = 2e x − 1 Q f (x) = | f (x)| written as
Ans. (c) 2 2
dy y 2 − x 2
f (x) = 2e x − 1 or −2e x − 1 =
dy 2y 2xy
Given, = dx
dx x 2 Now, h(x) = f (f (x))
Put y = vx [Qit is in homogeneous form]
dy 2 ⇒ h′ (x) = f ′ (f (x)) ⋅f ′ (x)
⇒ ∫ y = ∫ x 2 dx [on differentiating both sides w.r.t. ‘x’] ⇒
dy
=v+ x
dv
dx dx
[integrating both sides] ⇒ h′ (1) = f ′ (f (1)) ⋅f ′ (1)
Now, differential equation becomes
2 = f ′ (2) ⋅f ′ (1) [Qf(1) = 2 (given)]
⇒ log e | y | = − +C …(i) dv v 2 x 2 − x 2
x = 2e 2 − 1 ⋅2e 1 − 1 v+ x =
dx 2x (vx)
Since, curve (i) passes through centre (1, 1) [Qf ′ (x) = 2e x − 1 or −2e x − 1 ]
dv (v 2 − 1) x 2
of the circle = 4e ⇒ v+ x =
dx 2vx 2
x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y = 0
2 52 Let f : [0, 1] → R be such that dv v − 1
2
v 2 − 1 − 2v 2
∴ log e (1) = − + C ⇒C = 2 ⇒ x = −v =
1 f (xy) = f (x). f (y), for all x, y ∈ [0, 1] and dx 2v 2v
∴ Equation required curve is f (0) ≠ 0. If y = y (x) satisfies the dv 1+ v2 2v dv dx
⇒ x =− ⇒∫ = −∫
2
log e | y | = − + 2 [put C = 2 in Eq. (i)] dy dx 2v 1+ v2 x
x
differential equation, = f (x) with
dx ⇒ ln (1 + v 2 ) = − ln x − lnC
⇒ x log e | y | = 2(x − 1) 1 3 f ′ (x)
y(0) = 1, then y + y is equal to Q∫ f (x) dx ⇒ ln |f (x)| + C
4 4
51 Let f be a differentiable function [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II] ⇒ ln| (1 + v 2 )Cx | = 0 [Qln A + ln B = ln AB]
such that f (1) = 2 and f ′ (x) = f (x) for (a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 4 ⇒ (1 + v 2 )Cx = 1
all x ∈R. If h(x) = f (f (x)), then h′ (1) is Ans. (b) [log e x = 0 ⇒ x = e 0 = 1]
equal to [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] y
Given, f (xy) = f (x) ⋅ f (y), ∀ x, y ∈ [0, 1] ...(i) Now, puttingv = , we get
(a) 4e 2 (b) 4e (c) 2e (d) 2e 2 x
Putting x = y = 0 in Eq. (i), we get
Ans. (b) y2
1 + 2 Cx = 1 ⇒ C (x + y ) = x
2 2
f (0) = f (0) ⋅f (0)
f ′ (x) x
Given that, f ′ (x) = f (x) ⇒ =1 ⇒ f (0) [f (0) − 1] = 0
f (x) Q The curve passes through (1, 1), so
⇒ f(0) = 1 as f(0) ≠ 0 1
f ′ (x) C (1 + 1) = 1 ⇒ C =
⇒ ∫ f (x) dx = ∫ 1⋅dx Now, put y = 0 in Eq. (i), we get 2
f (0) = f (x) ⋅f (0) ⇒ f (x) = 1
[by integrating both sides w.r.t. x] Thus, required curve is x 2 + y 2 − 2x = 0,
dy dy
So, = f (x) ⇒ =1 which represent a circle having centre (1, 0)
⇒Put f (x) = t ⇒ f ′ (x)dx = dt dx dx
∴ The solution of given differential
∴
dt
∫ t = ∫ 1 dx
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ dx ⇒y = x + C
(Q y(0) = 1 ) equation represents a circle with centre
∴ 1=0 + C ⇒ C = 1∴y = x + 1 on the X-axis.
Differential Equations 261
54 The solution of the differential Ans. (d) Ans. (a)
dy Given differential equation is Given
equation, = (x − y) 2 , when y (1) = 1,
dx y (1 + xy) dx = x dy (i) The population of mouse at time ‘ t ’
is [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] ⇒ y dx + xy 2 dx = x dy satisfies the differential equation
2−y x dy − y dx dp(t)
(a) log e = 2 (y − 1) ⇒ = x dx p′ (t) = = 0.5p (t) − 450
2−x y2 dt
(y dx − x dy) (ii) Population of mouse at time
1+ x − y ⇒ − = x dx
(b) − log e = x + y −2 y2 t = 0 is p(0) = 850
1− x + y x
⇒ − d = x dx To find The time at which the
2−x y population of the mouse will
(c) log e =x−y
2−y On integrating both sides, we get
become zero, i.e., to find the value
of ‘ t ’ at which p (t) = 0.
1− x + y x x2
− = +C
(d) − log e = 2 (x − 1) ...(i) Let’s solve the differential equation
1+ x − y y 2
dp (t)
Q It passes through (1, − 1). first, p′ (t) = = 0.5p (t) − 450
Ans. (d) dt
1 1
dy ∴ 1= + C ⇒C = 2dp (t)
We have, = (x − y) 2 which is a 2 2 ⇒ = dt
dx
x x2 1 p (t) − 900
differential equation of the form Now, from Eq. (i) − = +
2dp (t)
dy
= f (ax + by + c) 2x
y 2 2
2x
⇒ ∫ p (t) − 900 = ∫ dt
dx ⇒ x2 + 1 = − ⇒y=− 2
y x +1 ⇒ 2log | p (t) − 900 | = t + C
Put x − y =t 1 4
∴ f − = where, C is the constant of
⇒ 1−
dy dt dy
= ⇒ = 1−
dt 2 5
dx dx dx dx integration.
dt dy 56 At present, a firm is manufacturing To find the value of ‘ C ’, let’s
⇒ 1− = t2 [Q = (x − y) 2 ]
dx dx 2000 items. It is estimated that the substitute t = 0.
dt dt rate of change of production P ⇒ 2 log | p (0) − 900 | = 0 + C
= 1 −t ⇒ ∫
1 − t2 ∫
⇒ 2
= dx
dx w.r.t. additional number of workers ⇒ C = 2 log | 850 − 900 |
[separating the variables] dP
x is given by = 100 − 12 x . If the [QP (θ) = 850]
1 1+ t dx
⇒ log e =x+C ∴ C = 2 log 50
2 1−t firm employees 25 more workers, Now, substituting the value of C
dx 1 a+x then the new level of production of back in the solution, we get
∫ 2 = log e + C items is
a − x 2
2a a − x
[JEE Main 2013] 2 log | p (t) − 900 | = t + 2 log 50
(a) 2500 (b) 3000 (c) 3500 (d) 4500
1 1+ x − y Here, since we want to find the value
⇒ log e = x + C [Qt = x − y] Ans. (c) of t at which p (t) = 0, hence
2 1− x + y
dP substituting p (t) = 0, we get
Since, y = 1 when x = 1, therefore Given, = (100 − 12 x )
dx 2 log | 0 − 900 | = t + 2 log 50
1 1 + 0
log e = 1+ C ⇒ dP = (100 − 12 x ) dx 900
2 1 + 0 ⇒ t = 2 log ∴ t = 2 log 18
On integrating both sides, we get 50
⇒ C = −1 [Qlog 1 = 0]
1 1+ x − y ∫ dP = ∫ (100 − 123 / 2 x ) dx 58 If
dy
= y + 3 > 0 and y (0) = 2 , then
∴ log e = x−1 ⇒ P = 100 x − 8x + C dx
2 1− x + y When x = 0, then P = 2000 ⇒ C = 2000 y (log 2) is equal to [AIEEE 2011]
1− x + y Now, when x = 25, then
⇒ − log e = 2(x − 1) (a) 5 (b) 13 (c) −2 (d) 7
1+ x − y P = 100 × 25 − 8 × (25) 3 / 2 + 2000
Ans. (d)
1
[Qlog = log x −1 = − log x] = 2500 − 8 × 125 + 2000 dy
x = 4500 − 1000 = 3500 Here, = y + 3 > 0 and y(0) = 2
dx
55 If a curve y = f (x) passes through dy
57 The population p(t) at time t of a ⇒ ∫ y + 3 = ∫ dx
the point (1, − 1) and satisfies the certain mouse species satisfies the
dp(t) ⇒ log | y + 3 | = x + C
differential equation, differential eq. = 0.5 (t) − 450. Since, y(0) = 2 ⇒ log |2 + 3 | = 0 + C
y (1 + xy)dx = x dy, then f − is
1 dt
2 ∴ C = log e 5
If p(0) = 850, then the time at which
⇒ log | y + 3 | = x + log e 5
equal to [JEE Main 2016] the population becomes zero is
2 4 [AIEEE 2012] When x = log e 2
(a) − (b) −
5 5 (a) 2 log 18 (b) log 9 ⇒ log | y + 3 | = log e 2 + log e 5= log e 10
2 4 1 ⇒ y + 3 = 10
(c) (d) (c) log 18 (d) log 18
5 5 2 ∴ y=7
262 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
59 Let I be the purchase value of an 61 The solution of the differential dx dy y 1
⇒ x 2 dy + ydx = ⇒ + =
equipment and V (t) be the value equation y dx + (x + x 2 y ) dy = 0 is x dx x 2 x 3
after it has been used for t years. [AIEEE 2004] This in linear differential equations
1
The value V (t) depreciates at a rate 1 1 ∫ dx
(a) − = C (b) − + log y = C IF = e x2
= e − 1/x
given by differential eq. xy xy
1
dV (t) 1 ⇒ y ⋅ e − 1 / x = ∫ e − 1 / x ⋅ 3 dx + c
= − k (T − t), where k > 0 is a (c) + log y = C (d) log y = Cx x
dt xy −1 1
Let = t ⇒ 2 dx = dt
constant andT is the total life in Ans. (b) x x
years of the equipment. Then, the Given that, y dx + (x + x 2 y) dy = 0 ⇒ y ⋅ e − 1 / x = ∫ − te t dt + c
scrap value V (T ) of the equipment y dx + x dy 1 = − (te t − e t ) + c
∴ = − dy 1 1
is [AIEEE 2011] x2 y2 y 1 − −
⇒ ye − 1 / x = e x + e x + c
k k (T − t) 2 1 1 x
(a) I − T 2 (b) I −
2 2
⇒ ∫ d − xy = − ∫ y dy Put x = 1, y = 1
1 e− 1
(c) e − kT (d)T −
2
On integrating both sides, we get (1) e − 1 = + e− 1 + c ⇒ c = − e− 1
k 1
1
Ans. (a) − = − log y + C 1 −
1
−
1
xy Solution y ⋅ e − 1 / x = e x + e x − e − 1
d {V (t)} x
Given, = − k (T − t) ⇒ −
1
+ log y = C 1 e 1/x
dt xy ⇒ y = + 1−
x e
∴ d {V (t)} = − k (T − t) dt
62 The solution of the equation 1
Put x =
When t = 0, V (t) = I …(i)
d2 y 2
T T = e −2 x is
⇒ ∫ 0
d {V (t)} = ∫ − k (T − t) dt
0 dx 2 [AIEEE 2002] y =2+ 1−
e2
⇒ y =3− e
T e −2 x e −2 x e
(t − T ) 2 (a) (b) + Cx + D
⇒ V (T ) − V (0) = k 4 4 64 Let us consider a curve, y = f (x)
2 0 1 1
k (c) e −2 x + Cx 2 + D (d) e −2 x + C + D passing through the point (− 2, 2)
⇒ V (T ) − I = {(T − T ) 2 − (0 − T ) 2 } 4 4 and the slope of the tangent to the
2
k Ans. (b) curve at any point (x, f (x)) is given by
∴ V (T ) = I − T 2 d2 y
2 Q = e −2 x f (x) + xf ′ (x) = x 2 Then
dx 2 [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I]
dy
60 If x = y (log y − log x + 1), then the On integrating both sides, we get (a) x 2 + 2xf (x) − 12 = 0
dx dy e −2 x
= +C (b) x 3 + 2xf (x) + 12 = 0
solution of the equation is
dx −2 (c) x 3 − 3xf (x) − 4 = 0
[AIEEE 2005]
x y
Again integrating, we get (d) x 2 + 2xf (x) + 4 = 0
(a) log = C y (b) log = C x e −2 x
y x y= + Cx + D Ans. (c)
4
y x Given,f (x) + xf ′ (x) = x 2
(c) x log = C y (d) y log = C x
x y TOPIC 3 ⇒
f (x)
f ′ (x) +=x
x
Ans. (b) Linear Differential Equations
dy 1 dy
Given that, x
dy
= y (log y − log x + 1) ⇒ + y = x Qy = f (x) ⇒ = f ′ (x)
dx dx x dx
63 If y = y (x) is the solution curve of This is linear differential equation.
dy y
= log + 1
∴
y
…(i)
the differential equation 1
∫ x dx
∴Integrating factor IF = e =x
x 2 dy + y − dx = 0 ; x > 0 and
dx x x 1
which is the homogeneous equation. x Solution, y ⋅ x = ∫ x ⋅ xdx + C
x3
y(1) = 1, then y is equal to
Put y = t x ⇒
dy
=t + x
dt 1 or xy = +C
dx dx 2 3
dt QIt passes through (− 2, 2).
∴ t+x = t log t + t [from Eq. (i)] [2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II]
dx 3 1 1 (−2) 3 4
(a) − (b) 3 + ∴ − 2 ⋅2 = + C ⇒C = −
dt dx 2
t log t dx = x dt ⇒ ∫
t log t ∫ x
⇒ = e e 3 3
(c) 3 + e (d) 3 − e Hence, xf (x) =
x3 4
−
On integrating, we get Ans. (d) 3 3
log t = log x + log C ⇒ log = C x or x 3 − 3f (x) ⋅ x − 4 = 0
y
x 2 dy + y − dx = 0
1
x x
Differential Equations 263
This is a linear differential equation 1 3 −2
65 If the solution curve of the ⇒ ey = + e
∫
sec 2 x 4 4
differential equation ∴ IF = e
dx
= e ln(tan x ) = tan x
tan x
1 3
(2x − 10y 3 )dy + ydx = 0, passes So, solution is given by y = log e + e −2
4 4
through the points (0, 1) and (2, β), (y tan x) = ∫ − tan2 x dx
⇒ α +β = 1
then β is a root of the equation = ∫ ( 1 − sec x) dx = x − tan x + C
2
∴ 4(α + β) = 4
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II] y = x cot x − 1 + C cot x
(a) y 5 − 2y − 2 = 0 (b) 2y 5 − 2y − 1 = 0 Now, lim+ x ⋅ y = 1
(c) 2y 5 − y 2 − 2 = 0 (d) y 5 − y 2 − 1 = 0 x→ 0 68 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the
Ans. (d) ⇒ lim+ (x cot x − x + Cx cot x) = 1
2
differential equation
cosec 2 x dy + 2dx = (1 + y cos2x)
x→ 0
x Cx
Given, differential equation ⇒ lim + x ⋅ −x+ =1
π
tan x tan x
cosec 2 xdx, with y = 0. Then,
x→ 0
(2x − 10 y 3 ) dy + ydx = 0
dx 2x ⇒ 0 −0 + C = 1 ⇒ C = 1
4
⇒ + = 10 y 2 … (i)
dy y ∴ y = x cot x − 1 + cot x the value of (y (0) + 1) 2 is equal to
π [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
This is Linear differential equation Now, x =
1
2 ∫ dy 4 (a) e 1 / 2 (b) e −1 / 2
Integrating factor IF= e y
=y 2
π π (c) e −1 (d) e
y = − 1+ 1 =
Solution of differential Eq. (i), 4 4 Ans. (c)
x ⋅ y 2 = ∫ 10 y 2 ⋅ y 2 dy + C cosec2 x dy + 2dx = (1 + y cos2x) cosec2 x dx
⇒ xy 2 = 2y 5 + C
67 Let y = y (x) be solution of the
… (ii) Divide L H S and R H S by cosec2 x dx,
Solution Eq. (ii) passes through (0, 1) following differential equation dy 2 = (1 + y cos2x)
+
⇒ 0 ⋅ 12 = 2⋅ 15 + C ⇒ C = − 2 dy dx cosec2 x
ey − 2e y sin x + sin x cos2 x = 0,
∴ Solution of Eq. (i) is dx ⇒
dy
+ 2 sin2 x − y cos2x = 1
π
xy 2 = 2y 5 − 2 y = 0. dx
Now, this equation passes through (2,β). 2 dy
[2021, 25 July Shift-I] ⇒ − y cos2x = 1 − 2 sin2 x
∴ 2⋅β 2 = 2β 5 − 2 ⇒ β 5 − β 2 − 1 = 0 Ans. (4) dx
⇒β is root of the equation y 5 − y 2 − 1 = 0 dy This is the form of
y = y (x) e y − 2e y sin x + sin x cos2 x = 0 dy
dx + Py = Q
66 Lety = y (x) be a solution curve of Let e y = t
dx
IF = e ∫
Pdx
the differential equation ey
dy dt
=
(y + 1) tan2 x dx + tan x dx dx Here, P = − cos2x
π
dy + y dx = 0, x ∈ 0, . If
dt −1 sin 2 x
− 2t sin x + sin x cos2 x = 0
e∫
− cos 2 xdx
2 dx = e 2
lim xy (x) = 1, , then the value of dt
+ (−2 sin x)t = − sin x cos2 x So, IF⋅ y = ∫ Q ⋅IFdx
−1 −1
x → 0+ dx sin 2 x sin 2 x
π ⇒ ye 2 =∫e2 (1 − 2 sin2 x)dx
y is IF = e ∫
−2 sin xdx
= e 2 cos x
4 [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
−1
sin 2 x
(e 2 cos x .t) = ∫ e 2 cos x . (− sin x cos2 x)dx =∫e2 cos2xdx
π π
(a) − (b) − 1 ⇒te 2 cos x = ∫ e 2 z . z 2 dz −1
4 4 z2 e2z 2ze 2 z Let sin2x = t
π π ⇒te 2 cos x = −∫ dz 2
(c) + 1 (d) 2 2
4 4 2
2 2z 2z ⇒ cos2xdx = dt
z e ze e2z −2
Ans. (d) ⇒te 2 cos x = − + +C
2 2 4 ⇒ cos2xdx = −dt
We have, y 2 cos x
e e −1 − sin 2 x
(y + 1 ) tan2 x dx + tan x dy + ydx = 0 cos2 xe 2 cos x e 2 cos x e 2 cos x
sin 2 x
= − cos x + +C ⇒ ye 2 =e 2
+C
⇒ 2 2 4 π
[(y + 1 ) tan2 x + y ] dx + tan x dy = 0 π Now, y = 0
dy y x = , y = 0, 4
⇒ + (y + 1) tan x + =0 2 −1
dx tan x 1 1
1= + C ⇒ 0 = −e 2 + C C =
dy y tan x + tan x + y
2 2
4 e
⇒ + =0 3 1
dx tan x ⇒ C= ∴ y(0) ⇒y ⋅ 1 = −1 +
2 4 e
dy y sec x
⇒ + + tan2 x = 0 x = 0, 1
dx tan x ⇒ y + 1=
e2 e2 e2 3 e
ey. e2 = − + +
dy sec2 x 2 2 4 4 1
⇒ + y = − tan x ⇒ (y + 1) 2 =
dx tan x ⇒ 4e y + 2 = e 2 + 3 e
264 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
69 Let y = y (x) satisfies the equation 70 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the e −1 / 2 1 − 1 − e −2
=
dy 1 + e −2 1 + e −2
−| A| = 0, for all x > 0, where differential equation
dx dy 2 − e −5 / 2 − e −5 / 2
= (y + 1) [(y + 1) e x /2 − x],0 < x < 2. 1, = = 2
y sin x 1 dx (1 + e )−2 2
(e + 1) 2
dy e4
A = 0 −1 1 . If y(π) = π + 2, with y(2) = 0. Then the value of at −e 3/2
dx = 2
1 (e + 1) 2
2 0
x
x = 1 is equal to
[2021, 18 March Shift-II]
π 71 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the
then the value of y is − e 3/2 2e 2
2 (a) 2 (b) −
differential equation
(e + 1) 2 (1 + e 2 ) 2
[2021, 20 July Shift-II]
e 5 /2 5 e 1/2 cos x (3 sin x + cos x + 3)dy =
π 4 π 1 (c) (d)
[1 + y sin x (3 sin x + cos x + 3)]dx,
(a) + (b) − (1 + e 2 ) 2 (e 2 + 1) 2
2 π 2 π π π
Ans. (a) 0 ≤ x ≤ , y (0) = 0. Then, y is
3π 1 π 4 2 3
(c) − (d) − dy
2 π 2 π
2
Given, = (y + 1) [(y + 1) e x / 2 − x] … (i) equal to [2021, 17 March Shift-II]
dx
Ans. (a) 2 3 + 9
⇒
dy 2
= (y + 1) 2 e x / 2 − x (y + 1) (a) 2 log e
y sin x 1 dx 6
|A|= 0 −1 1 ⇒
dy 2
+ x (y + 1) = (y + 1) 2 e x / 2 2 3 + 10
1 (b) 2 log e
2 0 dx 11
x 1 dy 1 2
⇒ ⋅ + ⋅ x = e x /2 … (ii) 3 + 7
= y − + sin x (2) + 1 (+ 2) (y + 1) dx y + 1 (c) 2 log e
1 2
x 2
1 −1 dy dt
Let =t⇒ ⋅ =
y
= − + 2 sin x + 2 y+1 (y + 1) 2 dx dx 3 3 − 8
(d) 2 log e
x dt 2 4
dy ⇒ − + tx = e x / 2
Now, − | A | = 0 gives dx Ans. (b)
dx
dt 2
dy y ⇒ + (− x)t = − e x / 2 Given, cos x (3sinx + cos x + 3) dy
+ − 2 sin x − 2 = 0 dx
dx x = [1 + y sin x (3 sin x + cos x + 3)] dx
which is linear differential equation ⇒
dy y
+ = 2 sin x + 2
IF = e ∫
or − x dx
= e − x /2
2
1
dx x cos x dy = + y sin x dx
1
∫ x dx Now, solution of differential equation is, 3 sin x + cos x + 3
IF = e = e log x = x dy
t ⋅ e − x / 2 = − ∫ e − x / 2 . e x / 2 dx
2 2 2
⇒ cos x ⋅ = y sin x
∴ y ⋅ IF = ∫ (2 sin x + 2) ⋅ IF dx dx
1 − x 2 /2 1
y ⋅ x = ∫ (2x sin x + 2x) dx ⇒ e = − x + c, where c is +
y + 1 3 sin x + cos x + 3
yx = 2[− x cos x + sin x] + x 2 + c ...(i) dy sin x 1
constant of integration. …(iii) ⇒ =y +
Given, y( π) = π + 2, putting in Eq. (i) Given, y(2) = 0 i.e. when x = 2, then y = 0. dx cos x cos x (3 sin x + cos x + 3)
( π + 2) π = 2(− π cos π + sin π) + π 2 + c From Eq. (iii), dy 1
⇒ − (tan x) y =
⇒ π2 + 2π = π2 + 2π + c e −2 = − 2 + c dx cos x (3 sin x + cos x + 3)
⇒ c =0 ⇒ c = 2 + e −2 …(i)
From Eq. (i), Now, at x = 1 Which is linear differential equation.
( − tan x ) dx
1 ∴Integrating factor (IF) = e ∫
yx = x 2 − 2x cos x + 2 sin x e −1 / 2 = − 1 + e −2 + 2
π y+1 =e = | cos x |
log| cos x |
Put x=
2 e −1 / 2 Q| cos x | > 0, ∀ x ∈ [0, π /2)
⇒ (y + 1) =
π π
2
π π π 1 + e −2 ∴| cos x | = cos x
y ⋅ = − 2 cos + 2 sin
2 2 2 2 2 Now, putting the value of (y + 1) in Eq. (i), Hence, solution of Eq. (i) is
π π 2 we get y (cos x)
⇒ y ⋅ = − 2(0) +
2 2 π /2 e −1 / 2 e −1 / 2 1
y ′ (1) = . e 1 / 2 − 1 = ∫ (cos x) ⋅ dx
π π 4 1 + e −2 1 + e −2 cos x (3 sin x + cos x + 3)
⇒ y⋅ = + 1
2 2 π e −1 / 2 1 ⇒y cos x = ∫ dx
= −2
−2
− 1 3 sin x + cos x + 3
1+ e 1+ e
Differential Equations 265
x
sec2 dx 31 8 ∴Eq. (i) becomes,
(a) 4 + log e 3
⇒y cos x = ∫ 2 dx 3 3 4x 3 / 4 4
x x y × x− 1/2 = − log | x 3 / 4 + 1 | + C
2 tan2 + 6 tan + 4 31 8 3 3
2 2 (b) + log e 3
x 3 3 Since, this passes through 1, 1 − log e 2
4
sec2 dx
31 8 3
=∫ 2 dx (c) 4 − log e 3
2 x x 3 3 Then,
2 tan + 3 tan + 2
2 2 31 8 1 − 4 log 2 × 1 = 4 × 1 − 4 log | 1 + 1 | + C
(d) − log e 3
x 3 3 3 e 3 3
Putting tan = z 4 −1
2 Ans. (c) ⇒ C = 1− ⇒C =
1 2 x 3 3
⇒ sec dx = dz Given,
2 2 Hence,
dz 2(x 2 + x 5 / 4 )dy − y ⋅ (x + x 1 / 4 ) dx =2x 9 / 4dx, 4 4
∴ y cos x = ∫ 2 y = x5 /4 − x log | x 3 / 4 + 1 | −
x
z + 3z + 2 where x > 0 3 3 3
dz After rearranging, we get Q x>0
=∫ dy y x9 /4
(z + 1)(z + 2) − = 5 /4 3/4 ∴ x 3 / 4 > 0 ⇒x 3 / 4 + 1 > 0
dx 2x x (x + 1) i.e., | x 3 / 4 + 1| = x 3 / 4 + 1
1 1
=∫ dz − ∫ dz dy
z+1 z+2 + Py = Q , where P 4 4 x
This is of the form ∴ y = x5 /4 − x log(x 3 / 4 + 1) −
dx 3 3 3
= log(z + 1) − log(z + 2) + c and Q are constants or function of x. Now, putting x = 16, we get
z+1 ∴Integrating factor (IF) = e ∫
Pdx
4 4 4
⇒ y cos x = log +c y(16) = × 32 − × 4log 9 −
z+2 ∫−
1
dx
−1
∫ x dx 3 3 3
=e 2x
=e 2
124 32
x
tan + 1 1
= − log 3
2 − log x −1/2 1 3 3
= log +c …(i) =e 2
= e log(x ) =
x x1/2 31 8
tan + 2 = 4 − log 3
2 Its solution is 3 3
Since, y(0) = 0 y × (IF) = ∫ Q × (IF) dx
1 1 x9 /4 73 If y = y (x) is the solution of the
∴ c = − log = log 2 ⇒ y × 1/2 = ∫ 5 /4 3/4 × x − 1 / 2 dx
2 x x (x + 1) differential equation,
π
+ 2y tan x = sin x, y = 0, then
x dy
tan + 1
9 5 1
− −
2 (x) 4 4 2
3
From Eq. (i), y cos x = log + log 2 =∫ dx dx
x (x 3 / 4 + 1)
tan + 2 the maximum value of the
2 1 x 1 / 2 dx
1 ⇒ y× =∫ … (i) function y (x) over R is equal to
(x 3 / 4 + 1)
1/2
+1 x
π [2021, 16 March Shift-I]
∴y = 2log 3 + log 2 Putting x = z 4 1
3 1
+2 (a) 8 (b)
⇒ dx = 4z 3 ⋅dz 2
3
15 1
RHS of Eq. (i) becomes, (c) − (d)
3+ 1 z 2 ⋅4z 3 z 2 (z 3 + 1 − 1) 4 8
= 2log 2
∫ (z 3 + 1) ⋅dz = 4∫ (z 3 + 1) dz Ans. (d)
2 3 + 1
z (z + 1) dy
2 3
z 2
Given, + 2y tan x = sin x
3 + 1 2 3 − 1 = 4 ∫ dz − ∫ 3 dz dx
= 2log 2 × ( z 3
+ 1) ( z + 1)
2 3 + 1 2 3 − 1 This differential is of the form of
z3 1 3z 2 dy
= 4 − ⋅∫ 3 dz + Py = Q
2 3 + 10 3 3 z +1 dx
= 2log
11 z3 1 which is a linear differential equation.
= 4 − ⋅log | z 3 + 1 |
3 3 Here, P = 2tan x and Q = sin x
72 If the curve y = y (x) is the solution f ′ (x) The integrating factor of linear
Q∫ dx = log |f (x) | + C differential equation is e ∫ .
Pdx
of the differential equation f (x) 2 sin x
2(x 2 + x 5 / 4 ) dy − y (x + x 1/ 4 ) dx ∫ dx
= e cos x
2 tan x dx
4z 3 4 Here, e ∫
= 2x 9 / 4 dx, x > 0 which passes = − log | z 3 + 1 | + C
3 3 = e − 2 log(cos x )
through the point 1, 1 − log e 2 ,
4 = sec2 x
4x 3 / 4 4
3 = − log | x 3 / 4 + 1 | + C dy
3 3 Now, + 2y tan x = sin x
then the value of y(16) is equal to Qx = z 4 dx
On multiplying sec2 x both the sides,
[2021, 17 March Shift-II] ∴x 3 / 4 = z 3
266 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
dy Multiplying by sec x on both sides 3
sec2 x + 2y sec2 x tan x = sin x sec2 x Hence, 1 + y ( π / 6) + y ( π / 3)
dx dy 2
+ (tan x) y = sin x
d dx 1
⇒ (y sec2 x) = sin x sec2 x + y( π / 4)
dx dy 2
sec x + (tan x sec x) y = sin x sec x = 1+ 0+ 0+ 0= 1
⇒ y sec2 x = ∫ sin x sec2 x dx dx
sin x d 76 If a curve passes through the origin
⇒ y sec2 x = ∫ dx ⇒ (y sec x) = tan x
cos2 x dx and the slope of the tangent to it at
Let cosx = t ⇒ y sec x = ∫ tan x dx x 2 − 4x + y + 8
any point (x, y) is ,
(− sin x) dx = dt ⇒ y sec x = log(sec x) + c x −2
− dt 1 y = cos x log(sec x) + c ⋅ cos x
∫ t2 = t + c y(0) = 0
then this curve also passes through
1
the point [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
So, y sec2 x = +c ⇒ 0 = 1⋅ 0 + c ⋅ 1 (a) (5, 4)
cos x
⇒ c =0 (b) (4, 5)
y sec2 x = sec x + c ∴ y = cos x ⋅log(sec x) (c) (4, 4)
Now, x = π / 3, y = 0
π π π
y = cos ⋅log sec
(d) (5, 5)
0 =2+ c ⇒
4 4 4 Ans. (d)
⇒ c = −2 1 1
= log( 2) = log 2 x 2 − 4x + y + 8
So, y sec2 x = sec x − 2 Given, slope =
2 2 2 x −2
1
y = cos2 x − 2
cos x dy x 2 − 4x + y + 8
75 If y = y (x) is the solution of the ⇒ =
= − 2 cos2 x + cos x dx x −2
cos x equation (x − 2) 2 + (y + 4)
⇒ y = − 2 cos2 x − dy =
2 e sin y cos y + e sin y cos x = cos x, (x − 2)
cos x 1 1 dx y+4
⇒ y = − 2 cos2 x − + − y(0) = 0, then = (x − 2) +
2 16 16 x −2
π 3 π 1 π
⇒ y = − 2 (cos x − 1 /4) 2 −
1 1 + y + y + y is Let (x − 2) = t ⇒dx = dt
16
6 2 3 2 4 and (y + 4) = u ⇒dy = du
⇒ y=
1
− 2(cos x − 1 /4) 2
……… . [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] dy du
∴ =
8 Ans. (1) dx dt
1 (y + 4)
So, y min = Given e sin y cos y
dy
+ e sin y cos x = cos x … Now,
dy
= (x − 2) +
8 dx dx (x − 2)
(i) du u
74 If y = y (x) is the solution of the dy dt ⇒ =t +
Let e sin y = t, then e sin y ⋅ cos y ⋅ = , dt t
differential equation dx dx du u
dy π putting in Eq. (i), ⇒ − =t
+ (tan x) y = sin x, 0 ≤ x ≤ , with dt
dt t
dx 3 + t cos x = cos x … (ii) (Linear form) Here, integrating factor (IF) = 1/t
π dx
y(0) = 0, then y is equal to ⇒ u ⋅ = ∫ t dt
1 1
4 Then,IF = e ∫ cos x dx
=e sin x
t t
[2021, 16 March Shift-II] Solution of differential equation (ii) is, ⇒ u /t = t + c
1 1 t ⋅IF = ∫ cos x ⋅IF dx + C
(a) log e 2 (b) log e 2 (y + 4)
4 2 2 t ⋅ e sin x = ∫ cos x ⋅ e sin xdx + C ⇒ = (x − 2) + c
(x − 2)
1 Let e sin x = e u i.e. let sinx = u then
(c) log e 2 (d) log e 2 QIt passes through origin [i.e. (0, 0)],
2 cosx dx = du
then
Ans. (b) ⇒ t ⋅ e sin x = ∫ e u du + C = e u + C 4
Put u = sin x and t = e sin y ∴ = −2+ c
Given,
dy
+ (tan x) y = sin x, x ∈[0, π / 3] −2
dx ⇒ e sin y ⋅ e sin x = e sin x + C
⇒ −2+ 2= c
which is a linear differential equation of Given, y(0) = 0, this givesC = 0
⇒ c =0
dy
the form of + Py = Q ⇒ e sin y ⋅ e sin x = e sin x (y + 4)
dx ⇒ e sin y + sin x = e sin x Hence, = (x − 2) + 0 [Qc = 0]
(x − 2)
Here, P = tan x ⇒ sin y + sin x = sin x
⇒ y + 4 = (x − 2) 2
∴ IF = e ∫
Pdx
⇒ siny = 0
Clearly, this curve passes through (5, 5)
⇒e ∫
tan x dx
= e log(sec x ) = sec x ⇒ y =0
as it satisfies the equation.
∴y ( π / 6) = y ( π / 3) = y ( π / 4) = 0
Differential Equations 267
77 If the curve y = y (x) represented by Ans. (b) it is in the form of linear differential
Given, curve y = f (x) passes through (1, 2) equation,
the solution of the differential dy dy
equation (2xy 2 − y) dx + xdy = 0, and satisfies x + y = bx 4 of the form + py = Q
dx dx
passes through the intersection of dy −
∫
dx
1
⇒ x + y = bx 4 So, IF = e x =
the lines 2x − 3y = 1 and 3x + 2y = 8, dx x
then | y (1)| is equal to ………… . dy y ∴Solution of given differential equation
⇒ + = bx 3
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] dx x y(IF) = ∫ Q (IF)dx + C, where
Ans. (1) ∫
dy Q = x (x cos x + sin x)
Given, (2xy − y)dx + xdy = 0
2 IF = e dx
=x y
x ∫
⇒ = (x cos x + sin x)dx + C
⇒
dy y
− = −2y 2 bx 5
∴ yx = ∫ bx 4 dx = +C
dx x 5 = x sin x + C
−1 dy 1 bx 4 C [Q∫ (xf ′ (x) + f (x))dx = xf (x) + C]
⇒ + =2 …(i) ⇒ y= + = f (x) … (i)
y 2 dx xy 5 x Q y( π) = π ⇒C = 1
[divide by y 2 ] Q This curve passes through (1, 2). ∴ y = x 2 sin x + x
1 1 dy dv b × (1) 5 ∴ y ′ = 2x sin x + x 2 cos x + 1
Let = v, then − 2 ⋅ = , putting in ∴ 2× 1= +C
y y dx dx 5 ⇒ y ′ ′ = 2x cos x + 2 sin x
Eq. (i) ⇒
b
2= + C … (ii) + 2x cos x − x 2 sin x
π π π2 π2 π
+ v = 2 (this is a linear form)
dv 1 5
So,y ′ ′ + y = 2 − + +
dx x 2
Also, ∫ f (x) dx =
62 2 2 4 4 2
Now, integrating factor (IF)
1 5 π
2 bx 4
=2+
C 62 2
⇒ ∫
1
∫ x dx + dx = [from Eq. (i)]
=e = e log x = x 1
5 x 5 Hence, option (d) is correct.
x2 2
∴ (IF )v = ∫ 2.(IF )dx = ∫ 2xdx = 2 +C x5 62
2 ⇒ b × + C log x = 80 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the
25 1 5
∴ (IF )v = x 2 + C differential equation
b × 32 b
1 π
cos x + 2y sin x = sin2x, x ∈ 0, .
Put v = , this gives ⇒ + C log 2 − + c log 1 dy
25 25
y
dx 2
62
x = π π
If y = 0, then y is equal to
x2 + c =
y 5
b × 32 b 62 3 4
Now, first find point of intersection of ⇒ + C log 2 − = + 0 log 2 [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
lines 25 25 5
2x − 3y = 1 and 3x = −2y + 8 by elimination (a) 2 − 2 (b) 2 + 2
On comparing, we get
method, we get x = 2, y = 1 1
1
b 62
× 32 = and c = 0 (c) 2 −2 (d) −1
∴The curve x 2 + c = passesthrough(2,1). 25 5 2
y Ans. (c)
62 × 25
Put x = 2, y = 1, we get c = −2 b= Given differential equation
x 32 × 5
= x2 −2 dy π
b = 10 (cos x) + 2y sin x = sin2x, x ∈ 0,
y dx 2
x Hence, the required value ofb = 10.
or y= 2 ⇒
dy
+ 2(tan x) y = 2 sin x,
x −2 dx
1 79 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the
Put x = 1, we get y(1) = = −1 is in the form of linear differential
1−2 differential equation, equation, so
xy ′− y = x 2 (x cos x + sin x), x > 0.
∴ | y (1) | = 1 IF = e ∫
2 tan xdx
π π = sec2 x
If y(π) = π, then y ′′ + y is ∴ Solution is
78 If a curve y = f (x) passes through 2 2
y (sec2 x) = ∫ 2 tan x sec xdx + c
the point (1, 2) and satisfies equal to [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
= 2sec x + c
dy π π2 π π
x + y = bx 4 , then for what value (a) 2 + + (b) 1 + Q y = 0 ⇒c = –4
dx 2 4 2 3
2
62 π π2 π
of b, ∫ f (x) dx = ? (c) 1 + + (d) 2 + So, the required equation is
2 4 2 y (sec2 x) = 2 sec x –4
1
5 Ans. (d) π
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] At x = , we get 2y = 2 2 –4
Given differential equation 4
π
(a) 5 (b) 10 xy ′ − y = x 2 (x cos x + sin x), x > 0 ∴ y = 2 –2.
62 31
dy 1 4
(c) (d) ⇒ − y = x (x cos x + sin x),
5 5 dx x
268 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
81 Let y = y (x) be the solution curve of Q y(2) = 0 dy
= (tan x − y) sec2 x
∴ 0 =2+ 1+ C ⇒C = −3 dx
the differential equation,
dy So, for y(3) on putting x = 3 and C = − 3 in ⇒
dy
+ (sec2 x) y = sec2 x tan x,
(y 2 − x) = 1, satisfying y(0) = 1. This Eq. (i), we get dx
dx
y 3 which is linear differential equation of
curve intersects the x-axis at a =3+ −3 ⇒ y =3
4 4 the form
point whose abscissa is dy
Hence, answer is 3. + Py = Q ,
(a) 2 (b) 2 − e (c) −e (d) 2 + e dx
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II] 83 The solution of the differential where P = sec2 x and Q = sec2 x tan x
Ans. (b) dy
F = e∫
sec 2 x dx
dy equation x + 2y = x 2 (x ≠ 0) with = e tan x
Given differential equation (y 2 − x) =1 dx
dx So, solution of given differential
dx y(1) = 1, is [2019, 9 April Shift-I] equation is
⇒ + x = y 2 is a linear differential x2 3 x3 1
dy (a) y = + (b) y = + y × IF = ∫ (Q × IF)dx + C
equation. 4 4x2 5 5 x2
3 1 4 1 y (e tan x ) = ∫ e tan x ⋅ sec2 x tan x dx + C
I.F. = e ∫ = e y (c) y = x 2 + 2 (d) y = x 3 + 2
1dy
Q Let tanx = t ⇒ sec2 xdx = dt
4 4x 5 5x
∴ Solution of given differential equation Ans. (a) ye tan x = ∫ e t ⋅tdt + C = te t − ∫ e t dt + C
is
Given differential equation is
xe y = ∫ y 2 e ydy + C dy
[using integration by parts method]
x + 2y = x 2 , (x ≠ 0) = e t (t − 1) + C
= y 2 e y − 2∫ ye ydy + C dx
= y 2 e y − 2{ ye y − ∫ e ydy } + C dy 2 ⇒y ⋅ e tan x
= e tan x (tan x − 1) + C [Qt = tan x]
⇒ + y = x, y(0) = 0
⇒ xe = y 2 e y − 2ye y + 2e y + C
y
dx x Q
(Q y(0) = 1) which is a linear differential equation of ⇒ 0 = 1(0 − 1) + C ⇒ C = 1
⇒ 0 e ' = 1e ' − 2e ' + 2e ' + C ⇒ C = − e the form ∴ y ⋅ e tan x = e tan x (tan x − 1) + 1
∴Particular solution of given differential π
dy
+ Py = Q Now, at x = − ⇒ ye −1 = e −1 (−1 − 1) + 1
equation is dx 4
xe y = y 2 e y − 2ye y + 2e y − e …(i) 2 ⇒ ye −1 = − 2e −1 + 1 ⇒y = e −2
Here, P = and Q = x
QCurve (i) intersects the X-axis, then x
y =0 ∫
2
dx 85 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the
∴ IF = e x
= e 2 log x = x 2
∴ xe ° = 2 − e ⇒ x = 2 − e differential equation,
Therefore, abscissa of point of Since, solution of the given differential dy
equation is + y tan x = 2x + x 2 tan x,
intersection of curve (i) and X-axis is dx
(2 − e). y × IF = ∫ (Q × IF) dx + C π π
∴ y (x 2 ) = ∫ (x × x 2 ) dx + C x ∈ − , , such that y(0) = 1. Then
2 2
82 If for x ≥ 0, y = y (x) is the solution of ⇒ yx 2 = + C
x4
[2019, 10 April Shift-II]
the differential equation, 4
1 3 π π
Q y(1) = 1, so 1 = + C ⇒C = (a) y ′ − y ′ − = π − 2
(x + 1)dy = ((x + 1) 2 + y − 3)dx, y (2) = 0, 4 4 4 4
then y(3) is equal to…… . x4 3 x2 3
∴ yx =2
+ ⇒y= + π π
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I] 4 4x 2 (b) y ′ + y ′ − = − 2
4 4 4 4
Ans. (3)
π π π
2
Given differential equation for x ≥ 0 is 84 If y = y (x) is the solution of the (c) y + y − = +2
(x + 1) dy = ((x + 1) 2 + y − 3) dx 4 4 2
differential equation
⇒
dy
−
1
y = (x + 1) −
3
π π π π
= (tan x − y) sec2 x, x ∈ − , ,
dy (d) y − y − = 2
dx x + 1 x+1 4 4
dx 2 2
QThe above differential equation is in π
such that y (0) = 0, then y − is
Ans. (a)
the form of linear, so
dx 4 Given differential equation is
−∫
1
1 +x
I.F. = e = equal to [2019, 10 April Shift-I] dy
+ y tan x = 2x + x 2 tan x , which is
1+ x dx
1 1
∴Solution of the differential equation is (a) −2 (b) −e linear differential equation in the form of
e 2
y 3 dx dy
+ Py = Q .
1 + x ∫
= (x + 1) − 1
x + 1 1 + x (c) 2 +
e
(d) e − 2 dx
y 3
1+ x ∫
⇒ = 1 − dx Here, P = tan x and Q = 2x + x 2 tan x
(x + 1) 2 Ans. (d)
∴ IF = e ∫ =e e = sec x
tan x dx log (sec x )
y 3
⇒ =x+ +C …(i) Given differential equation
1+ x x+1
Differential Equations 269
Now, solution of linear differential dy 3
cos x − (sin x) y = 6x = e4
log x
equation is given as dx 3/ 4
y × IF = ∫ (Q × IF)dx + C dy 6x = e log x = x 3/4
⇒ − (tan x) y = ,
dx cos x and solution of differential Eq. (i) is given
∴ y (sec x) = ∫ (2x + x 2 tan x) sec x dx + C
which is the linear differential equation by
= ∫ (2x sec x) dx + ∫ x 2 sec x tan x dx + C
of the form y(IF) = ∫ (Q ⋅(IF)) dx + C
∫x sec x tan x dx = x 2 sec x
2
Q dy
+ Px = Q yx 3 / 4 = ∫ 7 x 3 / 4dx + C
− ∫ (2x sec x) dx dx
3
Therefore, solution is 6x +1
where P = − tan x and Q = x4
y sec x = 2∫ x sec x dx + x 2 sec x cos x ⇒ yx 3/4
=7 +C
3
So, IF = e ∫ +1
− tanx dx
− 2∫ x sec x dx + C = e − log(sec x ) = cos x
4
⇒ y sec x = x 2 sec x + C …(i) ∴Required solution of differential 7
Q y(0) = 1 ⇒1(1) = 0 (1) + C ⇒C = 1 equation is ⇒ y x 3 / 4 = 4x 4 + C
Now, y = x 2 + cos x [from Eq. (i)] cos x ⇒ y = 4x + C x −3 / 4
y (cos x) = ∫ (6x) dx + C
and y ′ = 2x − sin x cos x So, y = f (x) = 4x + C ⋅ x −3 / 4
x2
f = + C ⋅ x 3 / 4
According to options, 1 4
= 6 + C = 3x 2 + C Now,
π − π π 1 x x
y ′ − y ′
2
= 2 − π
4 4 4 2 Given, y = 0
∴ lim+ x f = lim+ x + Cx 3 / 4
1 4
3
π 1 x x→ 0 x
− 2 − +
x→ 0
π
2
π2
4 2 So, 0 = 3 + C ⇒C = −
3 3 = lim+ (4 + Cx 7 / 4 ) = 4
= π− 2 π2
x→ 0
π π π 1 ∴ y (cos x) = 3x −2
88 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the
and y ′ + y ′ − = 2 −
3
4 4 4 2 π differential equation,
Now, at x= dy
π 1 (x 2 + 1) 2 + 2x (x 2 + 1) y = 1 such that
+ 2 − +
6
=0 3 π2 π2 π2 dx
4 2 y = 3 − =−
2
π
π π π2 π2 36 3 4 y(0) = 0. If a y(1) = , then the
and y + y − =
1 1
+ + + 32
4 4 16 π2
2 16 2 ⇒ y=−
2 3 value of ‘a’ is [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
π2
= + 2 1 1
4 (a) (b)
87 Let f be a differentiable function 4 2
π π
and y − y − 3 f (x) 1
4 4 such that f ′ (x) = 7 − , (x > 0) and (c) 1 (d)
16
π 2
1 π 1 2 4 x
= + − − =0
f (1) ≠ 4. Then, lim x f
1 Ans. (d)
16 2 16 2
x→ 0 + x Given differential equation is
− y sin x = 6x, 0 < x <
dy x [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] (x 2 + 1) 2
dy
+ 2x (x 2 + 1) y = 1
86 If cos x
dx 2 (a) does not exist dx
π π 4 dy 2x
and y = 0, then y is equal to
1
(b) exists and equals ⇒ + y =
3 6 7 dx 1 + x 2 (1 + x 2 ) 2
[2019, 9 April Shift-II] (c) exists and equals 0
[dividing each term by (1 + x 2 ) 2 ] …(i)
π2 π2 (d) exists and equals 4
(a) (b) − This is a linear differential equation of
2 3 2 3 Ans. (d) dy
the form + P ⋅ y = Q
π2 π2 3 f (x)
Given,f ′ (x) = 7 − , (x > 0) dx
(c) − (d) − 2x 1
2 4 x
4 3 Here, P = and Q =
dy
On puttingf (x) = y and f ′ (x) = , then we (1 + x 2 ) (1 + x 2 ) 2
Ans. (b) 2x
dx ∫ 1 + x 2 dx
Key Idea get ∴ Integrating Factor (IF) = e
= e ln(1 + x
2
(i) First convert the given differential dy 3y )
= (1 + x 2 )
= 7−
equation into linear differential dx 4x
dy
equation of the form + Py = Q ⇒
dy 3
+ y=7 …(i) and required solution of differential Eq.
dx dx 4x (i) is given by
which is a linear differential equation of y ⋅ (IF) = ∫ Q (IF) dx + C
(ii) Find IF dy 3
the form + Py = Q , where P = and
(iii) Apply formula, y (IF) = ∫ Q (IF) dx + C dx 4x 1
⇒ y (1 + x 2 ) = ∫ (1 + x 2 ) dx + C
Q = 7. (1 + x 2 ) 2
Given differential equation 3
∫ 4 x dx
Now, integrating factor(IF) = e
270 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
1 − 1/y
⇒ y (1 + x 2 ) = ∫
dx
+C ⇒x e − 1 / y = e + e − 1/y + C … (i) Ans. (a)
1 + x2 y
Given, differential equation is
⇒ y (1 + x 2 ) = tan−1 (x) + C Now, at y = 1, the value of x = 1, so dy 3 1
1 + y = , which is a linear
Q y(0) = 0 1⋅ e − 1 = e − 1 + e − 1 + C ⇒ C = − dx cos2 x cos2 x
e
∴ C =0 differential equation of the form
On putting the value ofC, in Eq. (i), we get dy
∴ y (1 + x 2 ) = tan−1 x [QC = 0] + Py = Q ,
1 e 1/y
tan−1 x x = + 1− dx
⇒ y= y e 3 1
1+ x2 where P = and Q = .
tan−1 x So, at y = 2, the value of cos2 x cos2 x
⇒ ay = a 1 e 1/2 3 1 Now, Integrating factor
1+ x2 x = + 1− = −
3
2 e 2 e ∫ cos 2 x dx
= e∫
3 sec 2 x dx
[multiplying both sides by a] IF = e = e 3 tan x
Now, at x = 1
tan−1 (1) 90 If y = y (x) is the solution of the and the solution of differential equation
a y (1) = a dy is given by
1+ 1 differential equation, x + 2y = x 2
dx y (IF) = ∫ (Q . (IF)) dx
π
satisfying y(1) = 1, then y is equal
aπ π 1 ⇒ e 3 tan x . y = ∫ e 3 tan x sec2 xdx … (i)
= a 4= = (given)
2 8 32 2 Let I =∫e 3 tan x 2
sec xdx
1 1 to Put 3 tanx = t
∴ a = ⇒a = [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
4 16 13 1 49 7 ⇒ 3 sec2 x dx = dt
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16 4 16 64 et et e 3 tan x
89 Consider the differential equation, ∴ I = ∫ dt = +C= +C
Ans. (c) 3 3 3
1
y 2 dx + x − dy = 0. If value of y is 1 Given differential equation can be
From Eq. (i)
y e 3 tan x
rewritten as + ⋅ y = x, which is a e 3 tan x . y = +C
dy 2
when x = 1, then the value of x for dx x 3
π 4
which y = 2, is linear differential eq. of the form It is given that when, x = , y is
dy 2 4 3
[2019, 12 April Shift-I] + Py = Q , where P = and Q = x. 3
4 e
5 1 3 1 dx x ⇒ e3 = + C ⇒ C = e3
(a) + (b) − 3 3
2 e 2 e Now, integrating factor
1 1 3 2 e 3 tan x
(c) + (d) − e (IF) = e
∫
x
dx 2
= e 2 log x = e log x = x 2 Thus, e 3 tan x y = + e3
2 e 2 3
[Qe log f (x ) = f (x)] π e −3
Ans. (b) Now, when x = − , e −3 y = + e3
and the solution is given by 4 3
Given differential equation is 1 π
y (IF) = ∫ (Q × IF) dx + C ⇒ y = e6 + Qtan − = − 1
1
y 2 dx + x − dy = 0 3 4
y ⇒ yx 2 = ∫ x 3 dx + C
92 If y (x) is the solution of the
dx 1 1 x4
⇒ + x= 3 ⇒ yx 2 = +C …(i) differential equation
dy y 2 y 4
dy 2x + 1 −2 x
Since, it is given that y = 1 when x = 1 + y = e , x > 0,
which is the linear differential equation dx x
dx ∴ From Eq. (i), we get
of the form + Px = Q . 1
dy 1
1= + C ⇒C =
3
…(ii) where y (1) = e −2 , then
1 1 4 4 2
Here, P = 2 and Q = 3 ∴ 4x y = x + 3 [using Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
2 4 [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
y y
x +3 4 1
1 1
⇒ y= (a) y (x) is decreasing in , 1
∫
y2
dy −
2
Now, IF = e =e y
4x 2
∴The solution of linear differential 1 (b) y (x) is decreasing in (0, 1)
+3 (c) y (log e 2) = log e 4
equation is 1 16 49
Now, y = = log 2
2 1 16 (d) y (log e 2) = e
x ⋅ (IF) ∫ Q (IF) dy + C 4×
4 4
1
⇒x e − 1 / y = ∫ 3 e − 1 / ydy + C −π π Ans. (a)
, x ∈ ,
dy 3 1
y 91 If + y= dy 2x + 1
dx cos2 x cos2 x 3 3 We have, + y = e
−2x
∴ xe − 1/y
= ∫ (− t) e dt + C
t
dx x
π 4 π
1 1
[Qlet − = t ⇒+ 2 dy = dt] and y = , then y − equals dy
y y 4 3 4 which is of the form + Py = Q ,
dx
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
= − te t + ∫ e t dt + C 2x + 1
1 4 1 1 where, P = and Q = e −2 x
[integration by parts] (a) + e 6 (b) − (c) + e 3 (d) x
3 3 3 3
= − te t + e t + C
Differential Equations 271
1 + 2 x dx x2
∫ 1 + 2 dx
∫ x =e
log e
[Qm log a = log a m ] C =0
Now, IF = e ∫
Pdx x
=e =e
=x 2
[Qe
log e f (x )
= f (x)] So, required solution is
= e ln x + 2 x = e ln x . e 2 x = x. e 2 x x2 x2
and the solution of differential Eq. (i) is yx = log e x −
and the solution of the given equation is 2 4
y ⋅ (IF) = ∫ (IF) Q dx + C y (IF) = ∫ Q (x) (IF)dx + C e2 e2
Now, atx = e, ey (e) = log e e −
⇒ y (xe ) = ∫ (x e
2x 2x
.e −2 x
) dx + C ⇒ y (x 2 ) = ∫ x ⋅ x 2 dx + C 2 4
x2 x4 [where, y (e) represents value of y at
= ∫ xdx + C = + C … (i) ⇒ yx 2 =
+C …(ii)
4 x = e]
2
e
1 Q The curve (ii) passes through the point ⇒ y ( e) = [Qlog e e = 1].
Since, y = e −2 when x = 1 4
2 (1, − 2), therefore
1 9
1 1
∴ e −2 . e 2 = + C ⇒ C = 0 (using Eq. (i)) − 2 = + C ⇒C = − 95 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the
2 2 4 4
x2 x ∴ Equation of required curve is differential equation
∴ y (xe 2 x ) = ⇒ y = e −2 x dy
2 2 4yx 2 = x 4 − 9. sin x + y cos x = 4x, x ∈(0, π).
dy 1 x Now, checking all the option, we get only dx
Now, = e −2 x + e −2 x (− 2) π π
dx 2 2
( 3, 0) satisfy the above equation.
If y = 0, then y is equal to
2 6
= e −2 x − x < 0,
1
2
94 Let y = y (x) be the solution of the [JEE Main 2018]
4 −8 2
1
if < x < 1 [by using product rule of
differential equation, (a) π 2
(b) π
dy 9 3 9 3
2 x + y = x log e x, (x > 1). If 8 4
derivative] dx (c) − π 2 (d) − π 2
log e 2 −2 log e 2 2y (2) = log e 4 − 1, then y (e) is equal to 9 9
and y (log e 2) = e
2 [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I] Ans. (c)
1 log 2 −2 dy
= log e 2 e e (a) −
e
(b) −
e2 We have, sin x + y cos x = 4x
2 2 2 dx
1 1 dy
= .log e 2⋅2−2 = log e 2 e e2 ⇒ + y cot x = 4x cosec x
2 8 (c) (d) dx
4 4
This is a linear differential equation of form
93 If a curve passes through the point Ans. (c) dy
+ Py = Q
(1, − 2) and has slope of the tangent Given differential equation is dx
x 2 − 2y dy
x + y = x log e x, (x > 1) where P = cot x, Q = 4x cosec x
at any point (x, y) on it as ,
Now, IF = e ∫ = e ∫
cotxdx
dx Pdx
= e logsin x = sinx
x
then the curve also passes through dy 1
⇒ + y = log e x …(i) Solution of the differential equation is
the point dx x
[2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] y ⋅ sin x = ∫ 4x cosec x sin xdx + C
(a) ( 3, 0) Which is a linear differential equation.
⇒ y sin x = ∫ 4x dx + C = 2x 2 + C
(b) (− 1, 2)
1
∫ dx
So, if = e x
=e
log e x
=x π
(c) (− 2 , 1) Put x = , y = 0, we get
Now, solution of differential Eq. (i), is 2
(d) (3, 0) π2 π2
y × x = ∫ (log e x) x dx + C C=− ⇒ y sin x = 2x 2 −
Ans. (a) 2 2
x2 x2 1 π
We know that, slope of the tangent at ⇒ yx = log e x − ∫ × dx + C Put x =
any point (x, y) on the curve is 2 2 x 6
dy x 2 − 2y 1 π2 π2
= (given) [using integration by parts] ∴ y = 2 −
dx x 2 36 2
x2 x2
dy 2 ⇒ yx = log e x − +C … (ii) π2 8 π2
⇒ + y=x …(i) 2 4 ⇒ y= − π 2 ⇒y = −
dx x 9 9
Given that, 2y (2) = log e 4 − 1 … (iii)
which is a linear differential equation of Alternate Method
dy On substituting, x = 2, in Eq. (ii), we get dy
the form + P (x) ⋅ y = Q (x), where, 4 4 We have, sin x + y cos x = 4x, which can
dx 2y (2) = log e 2 − + C, dx
2 2 4 d
P (x) = and Q (x) = x be written as (sin x ⋅ y) = 4x
x [where, y(2) represents value of y at x = 2] dx
Now, integrating factor ⇒ 2y (2) = log e 4 − 1 + C … (iv) On integrating both sides, we get
d
∫ dx (sin x ⋅ y) ⋅dx = ∫ 4x ⋅dx
2
∫ dx [Qmlog a = log a m ]
(IF) = e ∫
P ( x ) dx
=e x =e
2 log e x
From Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
272 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
4x 2 dy
+ y = 2x log x, (x ≥ 1) Complete solution is
⇒ y ⋅ sin x = +C (x log x) 1 1
2 dx −
1 −
⇒ y ⋅ sin x = 2x 2 + C dy y x⋅e y
=∫
dy ⋅e y
π ⇒ + =2 y 3
Now, as y = 0 when x = dx x log x −
1 1
1 1 −
2
This is a linear differential equation. ⇒ x ⋅ e = ∫ ⋅ 2 ⋅ e y dy
y
π2 π2 y y
∴ C=− ⇒ y ⋅ sin x = 2x 2 − ∫
1
dx
2 2 ∴ IF = e x log x = e log(log x ) = log x Put
1 1
− = t ⇒ 2 dy = dt
π y y
Now, putting x = , we get Now, the solution of given differential
6 equation is given by −
1
1 π2 π2 ⇒ xe y
= ∫ − t ⋅ e t dt
y = 2 − y ⋅log x = ∫ log x ⋅2dx
2 36 2 −
1
π2 8 π2 ⇒ y ⋅log x = 2∫ log x dx ⇒ xe y
= − {t ⋅ e t − ∫ 1⋅ e t dt } + C
⇒ y= − π2 = −
9 9 ⇒ y ⋅log x = 2[x log x − x] + c −
1
dy At x = 1, c = 2 ⇒ xe y
= − te t + e t + C
96 If (2 + sin x) + (y + 1) cos x = 0 and ⇒ y ⋅log x = 2[x log x − x] + 2 −
1 1 1
dx 1 − −
⇒ xe y
= ⋅e y + e y + C
π At x = e,
y(0) = 1, then y is equal to
y
y = 2(e − e) + 2 ⇒ y = 2
2 Q y ( 1) = 1
[JEE Main 2017]
98 Let the population of rabbits ∴ e −1 = e −1 + e −1 + C
1 2 1
(a) (b) − surviving at a time t be governed by ⇒ C=−
3 3 e
1 4 the differential equation 1 1 1
(c) − (d) dp (t) 1 −
1 − −
1
3 3 = p (t) − 200. If p(0) = 100, then ∴ xe y
= ⋅e y + e y −
dt 2 y e
Ans. (a) 1
dy p (t) is equal to [JEE Main 2014]
⇒ x=
1 1
+ 1 − ⋅e y
We have, (2 + sin x) + (y + 1) cos x = 0
dx (a) 400 − 300 e t / 2 y e
dy cos x − cos x (b) 300 − 200 e − t / 2
⇒ + y=
dx 2 + sin x 2 + sin x (c) 600 − 500 e t / 2 100 Solution of the differential equation
which is a linear differential equation. (d) 400 − 300 e − t / 2 π
cos x
cos xdy = y (sin x − y) dx , 0 < x < , is
∫
2 + sin x
dx Ans. (a) 2
∴ IF = e
dp 1 (a) sec x = (tan x + C ) y
( 2 + sin x ) − p (t) = −200
= e log dt 2 (b) y sec x = tan x + C [AIEEE 2010]
= 2 + sinx 1
∫ − dt (c) y tan x = sec x + C
2
∴ Required solution is given by ⇒ IF = e = e − t /2 (d) tan x = (sec x + C ) y
− cos x Hence, p (t) ⋅ e − t / 2 = ∫ −200 ⋅ e − t / 2 dt Ans. (a)
y ⋅ (2 + sin x) = ∫ ⋅ (2 + sin x)dx + C
2 + sin x p (t) ⋅ e − t / 2 = 400 e − t / 2 + K Since, cos x dy = y sin x dx − y 2 dx
⇒ y (2 + sin x) = − sin x + C Q p (0) = 100 ⇒ K = −300 1 dy 1
⇒ − tan x = − sec x
Also, y(0) = 1 ∴ p (t) e − t /2
= 400 e − t /2
− 300 y 2 dx y
∴ 1(2 + sin0) = − sin0 + C ⇒ C = 2 ⇒ p (t) = 400 − 300 e t / 2 which is the Bernaulli’s form.
2 − sin x 1 1 dy dz
∴ y= 99 Consider the differential equation Put − =z ⇒ 2 =
2 + sin x
1 y y dx dx
π y 2 dx + x − dy = 0. If y(1) = 1, then x
2 − sin dz
π 2 =1 y ⇒ + (tan x) z = − sec x
⇒ y = dx
2 2 + sin π 3 is given by [AIEEE 2011]
2 This is a linear differential equation.
1 e 1/y 2 e 1/y
(a) 1 − + (b) 4 − − Therefore,
97 Let y (x) be the solution of the y e y e
IF = e ∫ = e log sec x = sec x
tan x dx
differential equation 1 e 1/y 1 e 1/y
(c) 3 − + (d) 1 + − Hence, the solution is
dy y e y e z ⋅ (sec x) = ∫ − sec x ⋅ sec x dx + C 1
(x log x) + y = 2x log x, (x ≥ 1). Then,
dx Ans. (d) = − ∫ sec2 x dx + C 1
y (e) is equal to [JEE Main 2015] dx 1 1 1
⇒ − sec x = − tan x + C 1
Here, + ⋅x = 3
(a) e (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 2e dy y 2 y y
Ans. (c) [linear differential equation in x] ⇒ sec x = y (tan x + C ) [put C = − C 1 ]
1 1
Given differential equation is ∫ 2
dy −
∴ IF = e y
=e y
Differential Equations 273
−1
101 The solution of the differential ⇒ 1 = log 1 + C or
dx
+
1
x=
e tan y
dy x + y ⇒ C=1 dy 1 + y 2
1 + y2
equation = satisfying
dx x ∴ y = x log x + x 1
∫1 + y2 dy
IF = e ∫
P dy −1
the condition y(1) = 1 is [AIEEE 2008] ∴ =e = e tan y
102 The solution of the differential ∴ Required solution,
(a) y = x log x + x
equation −1
(b) y = log x + x dy −1 x e tan
−1
y
=∫
e 2 tan y
dy + C 1
(c) y = x log x + x 2 (1 + y 2 ) + (x − e tan y ) = 0, is 1 + y2
dx
(d) y = xe (x − 1 ) [AIEEE 2003] Put t = tan−1 y ⇒ dt =
dy
Ans. (a) (a) (x − 2) = Ce −2 tan −1 y 1 + y2
−1
Given equation can be rewritten as (b) 2 xe tan
−1
y
= e 2 tan
−1
y
+C ∴ xe tan y
= ∫ e 2 t dt + C 1
dy 1
− ⋅y =1 (c) xe tan
−1
y
= tan−1 y + C −1 1 2t
dx x ⇒ x e tan y
= e + C1
−1 −1
2
−∫
1
dx 1 (d) xe 2 tan y
= e tan y
+C
Now, IF = e = e − log x = −1 1 −1
⇒ = e 2 tan y + C 1
x
xe tan y
x Ans. (b) 2
∴ Required solution, Given differential equation can be ⇒ 2xe tan
−1
y
= e 2 tan
−1
y
+ C [Qput 2C1 = C]
y = ∫ dx = log x + C
1 1 rewritten as
x x dx −1
(1 + y 2 ) + x = e tan y
Q y(1) = 1 dy
274 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
12
Coordinate Geometry
The locus of the mid-point P of MC Ans. (c)
TOPIC 1 is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] Given, the equation of median through B
(a) 3x 2 − 2y − 6 = 0 i.e. BE :2x + y − 3 = 0
Rectangular Cartesian
Coordinates and Straight Lines (b) 3x 2 + 2y − 6 = 0 Equation, of angle bisector of C i.e.
(c) 2 x 2 + 3y − 9 = 0 CD : 7 x − 4y = 1
(d) 2 x 2 − 3y + 9 = 0 Since, E satisfies the equation of BE.
01 If p and q are the lengths of the Ans. (c) A (–3, 1)
perpendiculars from the origin on Given, A(0, 6) and B (2 t, 0) a–3, b+1
the lines, Mid-point of AB = M(t, 3) E
2 2
D
x cosec α − y sec α = k cot2α and Equation of perpendicular bisector of θ/2
x sin α + y cos α = k sin 2α AB passes through M. θ/2
t C (a , b )
respectively, then k 2 is equal to ∴ y − 3 = (x − t) ... (i) B
3
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
a −3 b + 1
t2 ∴ 2 + −3 = 0
(a) 4 p 2 + q 2 (b) 2 p 2 + q 2 So, C 0, 3 − 2 2
(c) p 2 + 2q 2 (d) p 2 + 4q 2 3
2a − 6 + b + 1 − 6 = 0
Ans. (a) Intersection of Eq. (i) onY-axis
2a + b = 11 …(i)
k cot2α t2
p= C 0, 3 − Since, C satisfies C(d)
cosec2 α + sec2 α 3
∴ 7a − 4b = 1 …(ii)
k sin2α Let mid-point of MC is (h, k).
⇒ q= On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
sin α + cos α
2 2 t t2
Then, (h, k) = , 3 − a = 3, b = 5
cos2α 2 6 2 7
k Slope of AC = Slope of CD =
sin2α k cos2α t t2 3 4
⇒ p= = ⇒ h= ,k =3−
sin2α 2 6 2 7
sin α + cos α
2 2
−
sinα cosα θ 3 4 1
sin2 α cos2 α Eliminatingt, we get ∴ tan = =
2 1 + 14 2
k 2h2 = 3 (3 − k )
⇒ p = cos2α 12
2 Locus of (h, k)
θ 1
⇒ q = k sin2α 2x 2 = 3(3 − y) 2 tan 2.
2 4
⇒ 2x 2 + 3y − 9 = 0 Now, tanθ = = 2 =
⇒ cos 2α = (2p / k) 2 θ 1 3
1 − tan 1 −
⇒ sin 2α = (q / k) 2 4
03 Let ABC be a triangle with A(− 3, 1)
⇒sin2 2α + cos2 2α = 1
π 04 Two sides of a parallelogram are
⇒
4p2 q 2
+ 2 =1 and ∠ACB = θ, 0 < θ < . If the
k2 k 2 along the lines 4x + 5y = 0 and
⇒ 4p + q 2 = k 2
2 equation of the median through B is 7 x + 2y = 0. If the equation of one of
2x + y − 3 = 0 and the equation of the diagonals of the parallelogram
02 Let A be a fixed point (0, 6) and B angle bisector of C is 7 x − 4y − 1 = 0, is 11x + 7 y = 9, then other diagonal
be a moving point (2t, 0). Let M be then tanθ is equal to passes through the point
the mid-point of AB and the [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I] [2021, 27 July Shift-II]
perpendicular bisector of AB meets (a) 1/2 (b) 3/4 (a) (1, 2) (b) (2, 2)
the Y-axis at C. (c) 4/3 (d) 2 (c) (2, 1) (d) (1, 3)
Coordinate Geometry 275
Ans. (b) Ans. (c) 11 3 × 2 1
⇒ y− = x −
Given, two sides of parallelogram are Equation of angle bisector of 2 3 2
4x + 5y = 0 homogeneous equation of pair of 11 1
⇒ y − = 2 x −
and 7 x + 2y = 0 straight lineax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 is 2 2
x 2 − y 2 xy α
= It passes through 0, .
D C a −b h 2
For x 2 − 4xy − 5y 2 = 0 α 11 1 1
∴ − = 2 0 − ⇒ α − 11 = 4 −
y =0
11
a = 1, h = − 2, b = − 5 2 2 2 2
x+
4x+5
7y
P So, equation of angle bisector is ⇒ α = 11 − 2 = 9
=
9
x2 − y2 xy ⇒ α =9
=
A 7x+2y=0 B 1 − (− 5) − 2
⇒ x 2 − y 2 = − 3xy
07 The number of integral values of m,
Both lines are passing through origin. ⇒ x + 3xy − y 2 = 0
2 so that the abscissa of point of
Thus, point A = (0,0) intersection of lines 3x + 4y = 9 and
So, combined equation of angle bisector
The equation of one diagonal is y = mx + 1 is also an integer, is
is x 2 + 3xy − y 2 = 0.
11x + 7 y = 9 [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
Point D is the point of intersection of (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
06 Consider a triangle having vertices
4x + 5y = 0 A(−2, 3), B(1, 9) and C(3, 8). If a line L Ans. (b)
and 11x + 7 y = 9 passing through the circumcentre Given, y = mx + 1 …(i)
5 4 and 3x + 4y = 9
So, coordinate of D = , − of ∆ ABC, bisects line BC, and …(ii)
3 3 α
intersects Y-axis at point 0, ,
From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
Also, point B is the point of intersection 2 3x + 4 ( mx + 1) = 9
of 7 x + 2y = 0 and 11x + 7 y = 9 ⇒ 3x + 4mx + 4 = 9
then the value of real number α is
So, coordinate of point B = − ,
2 7 ⇒ x (3 + 4m) = 5
[2021, 20 July Shift-II]
3 3 5
Ans. (9) ⇒ x=
We know that, diagonals of C (3, 8) 3 + 4m
parallelogram bisects each other.
Given, that the abscissa of point of
Let P is the middle point of BD. intersection of
So, coordinate of B (1, 9) 5
Eqs. (i) and (ii) i.e. x = is an integer.
5 2 4 7 3 + 4m
+ − − +
3 3 3 1 1
P=3 , = , ∴Possible values of x are
2 2 2 2
x = 1, − 1, 5, − 5
5 5
A (–2, 3) i.e. = 1 or = −1
Now, equation of diagonal AC 4m + 3 4m + 3
1
−0 AB = (1 + 2) 2 + (9 − 3) 2 = 45 5 5
2 or = 5 or = −5
y −0 = (x − 0) 4m + 3 4m + 3
1 BC = (3 − 1) 2 + (8 − 9) 2 = 5
−0
2 ⇒ 4m = 2 or –4m = 8
1 AC = (3 + 2) 2 + (8 − 3) 2 = 50 or 4m = − 2 or –4m = 4
2 ∴ ( 50 ) 2 = ( 45) 2 + ( 5) 2 1 1
⇒ y= x ⇒ y=x ⇒ m = , − 2, − , − 1
1 2 2
(AC) 2 = (AB) 2 + (BC) 2
2 − 1 , 1 ∈I
∴ ∠B = 90 ° Q /
∴Diagonal AC passes through (2, 2). 2 2
⇒ABC is right angled triangle.
∴ m = { −1, − 2} ∈I
05 Let the equation of the pair of Circumcentre = Mid-point of hypotenuse
= Mid-point of AC ∴Number of integral values of m are 2.
lines, y = px and y = qx can be
1 11 08 The equation of one of the straight
written as (y − px) (y − qx) = 0 = ,
2 2 lines which passes through the
Then, the equation of the pair of
17 point (1,3) and makes an angle
the angle bisectors of the line Mid-point of line BC = 2,
2 tan −1 ( 2) with the straight line,
x 2 − 4xy − 5y 2 = 0 is
[2021, 25 July Shift-II]
Line passing through circumcentre and y + 1 = 3 2x is [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
bisect line BC will be
(a) x − 3xy + y = 0
2 2
(a) 4 2 x + 5 y − (15 + 4 2 ) = 0
17 11
(b) x 2 + 4xy − y 2 = 0 − (b) 5 2 x + 4 y − (15 + 4 2 ) = 0
11 2 2 1
(c) x 2 + 3xy − y 2 = 0 y− = x−
2 1 2 (c) 4 2 x + 5 y − 4 2 = 0
(d) x 2 − 3xy − y 2 = 0 2−
2 (d) 4 2 x − 5 y − (5 + 4 2 ) = 0
276 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (a) Let θ = angle between Eq. (i) and the AndT be the mid-point of PR.
Method 1 Let m = Slope of required line given line So, equation of OT is given as
y + 1 = 3 2x = tan−1 ( 2) 2x − y + 2 = 0
P (1, 3) ∴ tanθ = 2 Let S be the mid-point of PQ.
m−3 2 Now, S will be
⇒ = 2
1 + 3 2m − 2 + 4 4 − 2
θ=tan–1(√2) , = (1, 1)
2 2
m−3 2
⇒ =± 2 y−1 −1
y+1=3√2x 1 + 3 2m Equation of OS = =
⇒ 3√2x–y–1=0 x − 1 mPQ
(using | x | = a, a > 0 ∴x = ± a)
−2−4
∴ Equation of required line m−3 2 mPQ = =−1
⇒ = 2 4+ 2
y − 3 = m(x − 1) …(i) 1 + 3 2m
Given, equation of line is ∴ OS = y − 1 = 1(x − 1)
m−3 2
3 2x − y − 1 = 0 …(ii) or =− 2 y=x
1 + 3 2m
Since, angleθ between Eqs. (i) and (ii) is Now, coordinates of O will be the
tan−1 ( 2) ⇒ 2 + 6m = m − 3 2 intersection of lines OS and OT.
i.e. tanθ = 2 or − 2 − 6m = m − 3 2 y=x
m−3 2 ⇒ 5m = − 4 2 or − 7 m = − 2 2 2x − y + 2 = 0
⇒ = 2 −4 2 2 2
1 + 3 2m ⇒ m= or m = ⇒ 2x − x + 2 = 0 ⇒ x = − 2
5 7 ∴ y = − 2 ⇒ O = (− 2, − 2)
(QSlope of Eq. (i) = m and slope of Eq. (ii) 2 2
= 3 2) For the value of m = equation of
7 10 Let A(−1, 1), B(3, 4) and C(2, 0) be given
Squaring on both sides, required line will not match to the given three points. A line y = mx, m> 0
m2 − 6 2m + 18 = 2(1 + 18m2 + 6 2m) options. So, neglect this value of m.
intersects lines AC and BC at point
⇒ 35m2 + 18 2m − 16 = 0 From Eq. (ii), c = 3 − m
P and Q, respectively. Let A 1 and A2
− 18 2 ± 648 + 2240 4 2 −4 2
∴ m= =3+ Qm = be the areas of ∆ABC and ∆PQC,
70 5 5 respectively, such that A 1 = 3A2 ,
− 18 2 ± 38 2 15 + 4 2
= = then the value of m is equal to
70 5 [2021, 16 March Shift-II]
2 2 4 4
⇒ m= ,− 2 From Eq. (i), (a) (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
7 5 −4 2 15 + 4 2 15
2 2 ⇒ y= x+
For m = , equation of required line 5 5 Ans. (b)
7 ⇒ 4 2x + 5y − (15 + 4 2) = 0 Given, points A(− 1, 1), B (3, 4), C (2, 0)
will be
y−1 0−1 −1
2 2 09 In a ∆PQR, the coordinates of the Equation of AC = = =
y −3= ( x − 1) x + 1 2+ 1 3
7 points P and Q are (−2, 4) and (4, −2),
⇒2 2x − 7 y + 21 − 2 2 = 0 ⇒ 3y − 3 = − x − 1 ⇒ x + 3y = 2 …(i)
respectively. If the equation of the
(options are not matching so, neglect this) On solving Eq. (i) and y = mx, we get
perpendicular bisector of PR is
−4 2 2 2m
For m = , equation of required line 2x − y + 2 = 0, then the centre of the P ,
3m + 1 3m + 1
5 circumcircle of the ∆PQR is
will be y −0 4−0
[2021, 17 March Shift-I] Equation of BC = =
−4 2 x −2 3−2
y −3= ( x − 1) (a) (−1, 0) (b) (−2, − 2)
5 (c) (0, 2) (d) (1, 4) ⇒ y = 4x − 8 …(ii)
⇒ 5y − 15 = − 4 2x + 4 2 Similarly, on solving Eq. (ii) and y = mx,
Ans. (b)
⇒ 4 2x + 5y − 15 − 4 2 = 0 8 8m
we get Q ,
Let O be the centre of the circumcircle. 4 − m 4 − m
⇒ 4 2x + 5y − (15 + 4 2) = 0
Method 2 Let equation of required line is 2x–y+2=0 Y
y = mx + c …(i) R
B (3, 4)
P (1, 3) T
P (–2, 4) y=mx
A (–1, 1)
O Q
P
θ=tan (√2)
–1
S
X¢ X
y+1=3√2x O C (2, 0)
⇒ 3√2x–y–1=0
QEq (i) passes through (1, 3) Q (4, –2) Y¢
∴ 3= m+ c ⇒ c =3− m (ii)
Coordinate Geometry 277
Area of ∆ABC = 3 Area of ∆PQC (given) 12 If the curve x 2 + 2y 2 = 2 intersects Ans. (d)
the line x + y = 1 at two points P and Image of P(3, 5) on the line x − y + 1 = 0 is
−1 1 1 2 0 1 x − 3 y − 5 − 2(3 − 5 + 1)
Q, then the angle subtended by the = =
1
2 0 1 = 3×
1 8 8m
1 1 −1 2
2 2 4− m 4− m
line segment PQ at the origin is
x −3 y − 5
3 4 1 2 2m [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] ⇒ = =1
1
π π 1 −1
3m + 1 3m + 1 1 1
(a) + tan−1 (b) − tan−1 x −3 y−5
2 4 2 4 ⇒ = 1 and =1
2 0 1
π π 1 −1
1 1
⇒13 = 3 1 1
8 8m 4 − m (c) + tan−1 (d) − tan−1
x = 4, y = 4
4 − m 3m + 1 2 3 2 3
2 2m 3m + 1
∴Required image is at (4, 4).
Ans. (a)
3 Clearly, this point lies on
⇒13 = × (52m2 ) Curve x 2 + 2y 2 = 2 intersect the line
4 + 11m − 3m2 (x − 2) 2 + (y − 4) 2 = 4 as
x + y = 1 at points P and Q. First we have (4, 4) satisfies this equation.
⇒15m2 − 11m − 4 = 0 to find any common relation between
−4 these two curves. Use substitution for
⇒ m = 1, [but m> 0] the same as follows,
14 A man is walking on a straight line.
15 The arithmetic mean of the
x 2 + 2y 2 = 2 …(i)
⇒ m= 1 reciprocals of the intercepts of
x + y = 1, then (x + y) 2 = 12
this line on the coordinate axes is
11 The intersection of three lines ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 2xy = 1 …(ii) 1
We can write Eq. (i) as, . Three stones A, B and C are
x − y = 0, x + 2y = 3 and 2x + y = 6 is a 4
[2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] x 2 + 2y 2 − 2(1) 2 = 0
placed at the points (1,1), (2, 2) and
(a) right angled triangle ⇒ x + 2y 2 − 2(x + y) 2 = 0
2
(4, 4), respectively. Then, which of
[using Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i)]
(b) equilateral triangle these stones is / are on the path of
⇒x 2 + 2y 2 − 2x 2 − 2y 2 − 4xy = 0
(c) isosceles triangle the man ? [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
⇒ − x 2 − 4xy = 0 ⇒ − x (x + 4y) = 0
(d) None of these −1 (a) A only (b) B only
Ans. (c) Given, x = 0 and x + 4y = 0 or y = x
4 (d) All the three (c) C only
Given lines, x − y = 0, x + 2y = 3, 2x + y = 6 −1
Draw the line y = x on graph and take Ans. (b)
4
Y
arbitrary point (any one) as follows, Given, position of A = (1, 1)
6
From given graph, Position of B = (2, 2)
Position of C = (4, 4)
(2, 2) Y Y
(0, 3/2) A b
B
(1, 1) 4
(3, 0) C θ X
X′ X 1 (h, k)
O x+2y=3
–1 y=–1/4x
x–y=0 2x+y=6 X′ a X
O
tanθ = ⇒ θ = tan−1
1 1 Y′
Y′ 4 4 Let x-intercept bea and y-intercept beb.
The only triangle which include all three 1 Equation of line traced is
We have two lines, y = − x and x = 0
lines is ∆ABC. 4 x y
(i.e. Y - axis). Thus, any line joining these + =1
A (2, 2) a b
π
two curves makes an angle + θat origin.
2 This is the equation of path, let a point
π
∴Answer is + tan−1 .
1 (h, k) lie on this path then
B (1, 1) C (3, 0) 4 h k
2 + =1 …(i)
a b
Now, AB = (2 − 1) 2 + (2 − 1) 2 = 2 13 The image of the point (3, 5) in the Also, (a)M. of reciprocal of a and b =
1
line x − y + 1 = 0, lies on 4
AC = (2 − 3) 2 + (2 − 0) 2 = 5 [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] 1 1
+
(a) (x − 2) 2 + (y − 2) 2 = 12 a b =1
BC = (3 − 1) + (0 − 1) = 5
2 2
∴
(b) (x − 4) 2 + (y + 2) 2 = 16 2 4
⇒ AC = BC (two sides are equal) (c) (x − 4) 2 + (y − 4) 2 = 8 1 1 1
+ = … (ii)
⇒∆ABC is isosceles triangle. (d) (x − 2) 2 + (y − 4) 2 = 4 a b 2
278 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ∴Equation of altitude through vertex A is ⇒ (x 1 − 1) + i (y 1 − 2) = 2 5i (2 − i)
(h, k) = (2, 2) y − 7 = 2(x + 1) ⇒ (x 1 − 1) + i (y 1 − 2) = 2 5 + 4 5i
Hence, the required stone is B(2, 2). ⇒ 2x − y + 9 = 0 …(i) ∴x 1 = 1 + 2 5 is abscissa of the vertexC.
15 The set of all possible values of θ in Similarly, the slope of lineCA is
Hence, option (b) is correct.
7 − (−5)
the interval (0, π) for which the m2 =
points (1, 2) and (sinθ,cosθ) lie on −1 − 5
18 If the perpendicular bisector of the
the same side of the line x + y = 1 is =
12
= −2 line segment joining the points
π π 3π −6
(a) 0, (b) , P (1, 4) and Q (k , 3) has y-intercept
2 4 4 So, slope of altitude through vertex B is
equal to −4, then a value of k is
1
3π π m2 ′ = [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II]
(c) 0, (d) 0, 2
4 4 (a) 15 (b) −4 (c) 14 (d) −2
∴Equation of altitude through vertex B is
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II] 1 Ans. (b)
Ans. (a) y − 1 = (x + 7)
2 The mid-point of line joining point P(1, 4)
According to the question, as points (1, 2) 1+ k 4+ 3
⇒ x − 2y + 9 = 0 …(ii) and Q (k,3) is M , and slope of
and (sinθ, cos θ), θ ∈(0 , π), lie on the same 2 2
As, the point of intersection of altitudes
side of the line x + y = 1, so line perpendicular to line PQ is
(i) and (ii) is the orthocentre, so from
(1 + 2 − 1) (sinθ + cos θ − 1) > 0 lines (i) and (ii), the orthocentre is (−3, 3). 1− k
– = k − 1.
⇒ sinθ + cos θ > 1 Hence, option (b) is correct. 4−3
⇒
1
sinθ +
1
cos θ>
1 ∴Equation of perpendicular, bisector of
2 2 2 17 A triangle ABC lying in the first the line segment joining the points P and
π 1 Q is
⇒ sin + θ > quadrant has two vertices as A (1, 2)
4 7 1+ k
2 andB (3, 1). If ∠BAC = 90°, and ar y – = (k – 1) x – …(i)
2 2
π π 3π (∆ABC) = 5 5 sq units, then the
⇒ 2nπ + < + θ < 2nπ + , n ∈I.
4 4 4 and line (i) passes through (0,–4), so
π
abscissa of the vertex C is 7 1+ k
⇒ 2nπ < θ < 2nπ + [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I] –4 – = (k – 1) –
2 2 2
(a) 2 + 5 (b) 1 + 2 5
π ⇒ 15 = k 2 – 1 ⇒k = ±4
As θ ∈(0, π), So for n = 0, θ ∈ 0, (c) 2 5 − 1 (d) 1 + 5
2
Ans. (b) 19 If the line, 2x − y + 3 = 0 is at a
Hence, option (a) is correct.
According to given information, 1 2
distance and from the lines
16 If a ∆ABC has vertices Let AC = l and AB = 22 + 1 = 5 5 5
A (− 1, 7), B (− 7, 1) and C(5, − 5), then its ∴The area of right angled ∆ABC 4x − 2y + α = 0 and 6x − 3y + β = 0,
orthocentre has coordinates 1 respectively, then the sum of all
= (AC)(AB) = 5 5 [given]
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II] 2 possible values of α and β is …… .
(a) ( 3, − 3) (b) (− 3, 3) 1 [ 2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
⇒ l ( 5) = 5 5 ⇒ l = 10 units
3 3 3 3 2 Ans. (30.00)
(c) − , (d) , −
5 5 5 5 Y
C It is given that distance between lines
Ans. (b) 1
l 2x − y + 3 = 0 and 4x − 2y + α = 0 is
The vertices of given ∆ABC are A (−1, 7), 5
B (−7, 1) and C (5, − 5). |6 − α | 1
∴ =
A (1, 2) 16 + 4
1 − (−5) 6 B (3, 1) 5
Since, slope of line BC is m1 = =
−7 − 5 −12 ⇒ |α − 6 | = 2 ⇒ α = 8, 4
1 O X
=− And it is also given that distance
A (–1, 7)
2 between lines2x − y + 3 = 0and
Now according to concept of rotation 2
abscissa of the vertexC we will get easily 6x − 3y + β = 0 is .
5
if we write the coordinate of the vertices
|β − 9 | 2
in complex form, like A (1 + 2i), B (3 + i) and ∴ =
let C (x 1 + iy 1 ). 36 + 9 15
π
B (–7, 1) C (5, –5) x 1 + iy 1 − 1 − 2i AC i 2 ⇒ |β − 9 | = 3 ⇒ β = 12, 6
Then, = e
So, slope of altitude through vertex A is 3 + i − 1 − 2i AB So, sum of all possible values ofα and β
1 (x 1 − 1) + i (y 1 − 2) 10 is 4 + 8 + 6 + 12 = 30.
m1 ′ = − = 2 ⇒ = i
m 2−i 5
Coordinate Geometry 279
20 A ray of light coming from the point x1 + 1 y1 + 4 − 1 − 12 − 3 16 X
y=x
= = − 2 =
(2, 2 3) is incident at an angle 30° 1 3 1+ 9 5
A'
on the line x = 1 at the point A. The P (h, k) 2y=x
ray gets reflected on the line x = 1 Since, image (h, k) or (x 1 , y 1 ) w.r.t. the
X′
A (x1, y1)
and meets X-axis at the point B. line mirror ax + by + c = 0 is given by X
Then, the line AB passes through h − x k − y 1 −2(ax 1 + by 1 + c)
1
= =
the point [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I] a b a +b
2 2
1 3 16 11
(a) 3, − (b) 4, − ⇒ x1 = − 1 =
3 2 5 5 Y′
(c) (3, − 3) (d) (4, − 3) and 16
y 1 = × 3 − 4 =
28 So, the coordinate of foot of
5 5 perpendicular to line y = x from point
Ans. (c)
A (x 1 , y 1 ) is A ′ (2h − x 1 , 2k − y 1 ).
(x 1 , y 1 ) = ,
11 28
According to the given situation, if we ∴
5 5 Since, the point A′ lies on line y = x, so we
draw the diagram.
have
3
y 22 Let A(1, 0), B(6, 2) and C , 6 be the 2h − x 1 = 2k − y 1 …(i)
P′ (0, 2 √3) P (2, 2 √3) 2
and as point A lies on line2y = x, so we
vertices of a triangle ABC. If P is a have
30º 30º
point inside the triangle ABC such x 1 = 2y 1 …(ii)
A that the triangles APC, APB and BPC and as PA is perpendicular to line y = x,
120º
x have equal areas, then the length so
O B of the line segment PQ, where Q is y1 − k
x=1 = −1
the point − 7 , − 1 , is x1 − h
6 3 ⇒ y1 − k = − x1 + h …(iii)
Q The line x = 1 is equidistance, from [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
point P(2, 2 3) and theY-axis. Ans. (05) 2h = 2k + y 1 …(iv)
So, P′ (0, 2 3) and according to the Given vertices of triangle ABC are A(1, 0),
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
concept of reflection line AB passes 3
B(6, 2) and C , 6 and the centroid of h = − k + 3y 1 …(v)
through P′ (0, 2 3). 2
On the elimination of y 1 , from Eqs. (iv)
As the angle ∠P ′ BX = ∠ABX = 120 ° triangleG divides the triangle such that
and (v), we get
∴Slope of line AB = tan120 ° = − 3 area of triangles AGB, BGC and CGA are
equal, so point P is the centroid of h + k = 3(2h − 2k)
∴Equation of line AB is triangle ‘G ’. ⇒ 5h = 7 k
y − 2 3 = − 3 (x − 0) ∴Coordinate of On taking the locus of point P (h, k), we
⇒ 3x + y = 2 3 …(i) 1 + 6 + 3 /2 0 + 2 + 6 17 8 get
P , = P ,
3 3 6 3 5x − 7 y = 0
From the options, the line (i) passes
through the point (3, − 3). 7 1
and given point Q − , − .
6 3 24 Let two points be A(1, − 1) and B(0, 2).
21 Let L denote the line in the So length of the line segment PQ If a point P (x ′ , y ′ ) be such that the
2 2
xy-plane with x and y intercepts as = + + +
17 7 8 1 area of ∆PAB = 5 sq. units and it
3 and 1 respectively. 6 6 3 3 lies on the line, 3x + y − 4λ = 0, then
2 2 a value of λ is [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I]
= +
Then, the image of the point 24 9
(−1, − 4) in this line is 6 3 (a) 1 (b) − 3 (c) 3 (d) 4
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II] Ans. (c)
= 42 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25 = 5
(a) , (b) ,
11 28 29 8 It is given that point P (x ′, y ′) lies on the
5 5 5 5 line3x + y − 4λ = 0, then y ′ = 4λ − 3x ′.
23 The locus of the mid-points of the
(c) , (d) ,
8 29 29 11 And area of ∆PAB = 5 sq. units
5 5 5 5 perpendiculars drawn from points where A(1,−1) and B(0,2), so
Ans. (a) on the line, x = 2y to the line x = y is 0 2 1
1
It is given that the line ‘L’ made x and y [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II] | 1 −1 1| = 5
(a) 5 x − 7y = 0 (b) 2 x − 3y = 0 2
intercepts 3 and 1 respectively, so x ′ 4λ − 3x ′ 1
equation of lineL is (c) 3x − 2 y = 0 (d) 7x − 5 y = 0
x y ⇒|0 (−1 − 4λ + 3x ′) − 2(1 − x ′)
+ =1 Ans. (a)
+1(4λ − 3x ′ + x ′)| = 10
3 1
Let a point A (x 1 , y 1 ) on the line x = 2y and ⇒ |4λ − 2 | = 10 ⇒ 4λ − 2 = ± 10
⇒ x + 3y = 3 ...(i) the middle point of the perpendicular
Now, let image of point (− 1, − 4) with ⇒ 4λ = 12, − 8 ⇒ λ = 3, − 2
drawn from point A (x 1 , y 1 ) to the line x = y
respect to line (i) is (x 1 , y 1 ), then is P (h, k). Hence, option (c) is correct.
280 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
25 The length of the perpendicular 27 A point on the straight line, ⇒ 1 − 2y = 9 − 6 x 2 + y 2
from the origin, on the normal to 3x + 5y = 15 which is equidistant ⇒ 6 x 2 + y 2 = 2y + 8
the curve, x 2 + 2xy − 3y 2 = 0 at the from the coordinate axes will lie
point (2, 2) is [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II] only in [2019, 8 April Shift-I] ⇒ 3 x2 + y2 = y + 4
(a) 2 (b) 2 2 (c) 4 2 (d) 2 (a) IV quadrant ⇒ 9(x 2 + y 2 ) = (y + 4) 2
Ans. (b) (b) I quadrant [squaring both sides]
Given curve, x 2 + 2xy − 3y 2 = 0 (c) I and II quadrants ⇒ 9x 2 + 9y 2 = y 2 + 8y + 16
⇒ x 2 + 3xy − xy − 3y 2 = 0
(d) I, II and IV quadrants
⇒ 9x 2 + 8y 2 − 8y = 16
⇒ x (x + 3y) − y (x + 3y) = 0 Ans. (c) Thus, the locus of point P (x, y) is
⇒ (x − y)(x + 3y) = 0 Given equation of line is3x + 5y = 15 …(i) 9x 2 + 8y 2 − 8y = 16
The given curve is combined equation of Clearly, a point on the line (i), which is
lines x − y = 0 and x + 3y = 0 . equidistance from X and Y-axes will lie 29 Suppose that the points (h, k ), (1, 2)
on the line either y = x or y = − x.
And the point (2, 2) satisfy the line and (−3, 4) lie on the lineL 1 . If a lineL2
x − y = 0 which also passes through the Y
origin.
passing through the points (h, k ) and
B y=x (4, 3) is perpendicular toL 1 , then k /h
So, length of the perpendicular from
origin, on the normal to the given curve (0, 3) equals [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
at point (2, 2) is same as distance y=–x 1 1
A (a) − (b) (c) 3 (d) 0
between points (0, 0) and (5, 0) 7 3
(2, 2), and it is = (2 − 0) 2 + (2 − 0) 2 0 X Ans. (c)
3x+5y=15
= 4+ 4=2 2. Given, points (1, 2), (−3, 4) and (h, k) are lies
Hence, option (b) is correct. In the above figure, points A and B are on lineL1 , so slope of lineL1 is
4−2 k −2
on the line (i) and are equidistance from m1 = =
26 Let C be the centroid of the triangle the coordinate axes. −3 − 1 h − 1
with vertices (3,−1), (1, 3) and (2, 4). On solving line (i) and y = x, we get −1 k − 2
⇒ m1 = = …(i)
Let P be the point of intersection of 15 15 2 h− 1
A , .
the lines x + 3y − 1 = 0 and 8 8 ⇒ 2(k − 2) = − 1(h − 1)
3x − y + 1 = 0. Then the line passing Similarly, on solving line (i) and y = − x, we ⇒ 2k − 4 = − h + 1
15 15
through the points C and P also get B − , . ⇒ h + 2k = 5 …(ii)
2 2
passes through the point and slope of lineL2 joining points (h, k)
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I] So, the required points lie only in I and II and
quadrants.
(a) (−9, − 7) (b) (−9, − 6) 3−k
(c) (7, 6) (d) (9, 7) (4, 3), is m2 = …(iii)
28 Let O(0, 0) and A(0, 1) be two fixed 4−h
Ans. (b) points, then the locus of a point P Since, linesL1 and L2 are perpendicular
The centroid of the triangle having vertices such that the perimeter of ∆AOP is to each other.
(3, − 1), (1, 3) and (2, 4) is ∴ m1 m2 = − 1
4, is [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
3 + 1 + 2 − 1 + 3 + 4
C , = (2, 2) (a) 8 x 2 − 9 y 2 + 9 y = 18 1 3 − k
3 3 ⇒ − = −1
(b) 9 x 2 − 8 y 2 + 8 y = 16 2 4 − h
And equation of line passes through (c) 9 x 2 + 8 y 2 − 8 y = 16
point of intersection P of lines [from Eqs. (i) and (iii)]
(d) 8 x 2 + 9 y 2 − 9 y = 18
x + 3y − 1 = 0 and 3x − y + 1 = 0 is ⇒ 3 − k = 8 − 2h
Ans. (c) ⇒ 2h − k = 5 …(iv)
(x + 3y − 1) + λ (3x − y + 1) = 0 … (i)
Given vertices of ∆AOP are O(0, 0) and On solving Eqs. (ii) and (iv), we get
QLine (i) passes through pointC (2, 2), so
A(0, 1) (h, k) = (3, 1)
(2 + 6 − 1) + λ (6 − 2 + 1) = 0
Let the coordinates of point P are (x, y). k 3
7 So, = =3
⇒ 7 + 5λ = 0 ⇒ λ = − Clearly, perimeter = OA + AP + OP = 4
5 h 1
(given)
∴ Equation of line passes through points
C and P is ⇒ (0 − 0) 2 + (0 − 1) 2 + (0 − x) 2 + (1 − y) 2 30 Slope of a line passing through P (2,
7
(x + 3y − 1) − (3x − y + 1) = 0 + x + y =4
2 2 3) and intersecting the line, x + y = 7
5 at a distance of 4 units from P, is
⇒ 5x + 15y − 5 − 21x + 7 y − 7 = 0 ⇒1 + x + (y − 1) +
2 2
x + y =4
2 2
[ 2019, 9 April Shift-I]
⇒ 16x − 22y + 12 = 0 ⇒ x + y − 2y + 1 +
2 2
x2 + y2 = 3 1− 5 7 −1
(a) (b)
⇒ 8x − 11y + 6 = 0 … (ii) ⇒ x + y − 2y + 1 = 3 − x + y
2 2 2 2 1+ 5 7 +1
From the options, point (− 9, − 6) satisfy the 1− 7 5 −1
line. ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2y + 1 = 9 + x 2 + y 2 − 6 x 2 + y 2 (c) (d)
1+ 7 5 +1
Hence, option (b) is correct. [squaring both sides]
Coordinate Geometry 281
Ans. (c) = (x 2 − x 1 ) 2 + (y 2 − y 1 ) 2 Now, from the given options the point
− 1 , 2 lies on the line4x − 3y + 3 = 0.
Let the slope of line is m, which is Given, lines x + (a − 1) y = 1
4 3
passing through P(2, 3). and 2x + a 2 y = 1, wherea ∈ R − {0, 1}
Y
are perpendicular to each other 33 A triangle has a vertex at (1, 2) and
8 1 2 the mid-points of the two sides
∴ − × − 2 = −1
7 a − 1 a through it are (−1, 1) and (2, 3). Then,
6 the centroid of this triangle is
[QIf lines are perpendicular,
5 then product of their slopes is −1] [2019, 12 April Shift-II]
4 R ⇒ a 2 (a − 1) = − 2 7 1
d (a) 1, (b) , 2
3 P(2 ⇒ a − a2 + 2 = 0
3 3 3
,3)
2 θ ⇒ (a + 1)(a 2 − 2a + 2) = 0 ⇒a = − 1 1 1 5
4 Q (c) , 1 (d) ,
1 ∴Equation of lines are 3 3 3
X′ X x − 2y = 1 …(i) Ans. (b)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
and 2x + y = 1 …(ii) Let a ∆ABC is such that vertices
Y′ x+y=7 On solving Eq. (i) and Eq. (ii), we get A (1, 2), B (x 1 y 1 ) and C (x 2 , y 2 ).
Since, the distance of a point (x 1 , y 1 ) from 3 1
x = and y = −
ax + by 1 + c 5 5 A(1,2)
the lineax + by + c = 0 is d = 1 .
a2 + b2 ∴Point of intersection of the lines (i) and
3 1
∴The distance of a point P(2, 3) from the (ii) is P , − .
line x + y − 7 = 0, is 5 5
|2 + 3 − 7 | 2 Now, required distance of the point B(x1,y1) C(x2,y2)
d= = = 2 3 1
1+ 1 2 P , − from origin It is given that mid-point of side AB is
Now, in ∆PRQ, 5 5
(− 1, 1).
QR = 16 − d 2 = 16 − 2 = 14 =
9
+
1 x1 + 1 y +2
So, = − 1 and 1 =1
d 2 1 m+ 1 25 25 2 2
∴ tanθ = = = =
QR 14 7 1− m 10 2 ⇒ x 1 = − 3 and y 1 = 0
= =
m2 − m1 25 5 So, point B is (− 3, 0)
Qtanθ =
1 + m1 m2 Also, it is given that mid-point of side AC
32 Lines are drawn parallel to the line is
m+ 1 1
⇒ =± 4x − 3y + 2 = 0, at a distance 3/5 (2, 3), so 2
x +1
=2
1− m 7
from the origin. Then which one of 2
m+ 1 1 m+ 1 1 y2 + 2
⇒ = or =− the following points lies on any of and =3
1− m 7 1− m 7
these lines? [2019, 10 April Shift-II] 2
1− 7 −1 − 7 1 2 1 2 ⇒ x 2 = 3 and y 2 = 4
⇒ m= or m = (a) − , − (b) − ,
1+ 7 7 −1 4 3 4 3 So, point C is (3, 4).
1 1 1 1 Now, centroid of ∆ABC is
31 If the two lines x + (a − 1) y = 1 and (c) , − (d) ,
4 3 4 3 1 + (− 3) + 3 2 + 0 + 4 1
G , = G , 2
2x + a 2 y = 1, (a ∈R − {0, 1}) are Ans. (b) 3 3 3
perpendicular, then the distance of
their point of intersection from the Since, equation of a line parallel to line 34 A straight line L at a distance of 4
ax + by + c = 0 is ax + by + k = 0 units from the origin makes positive
origin is [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
2 2 2 2 ∴Equation of line parallel to line intercepts on the coordinate axes
(a) (b) (c) (d) and the perpendicular from the
5 5 5 5 4x − 3y + 2 = 0 is 4x − 3y + k = 0 …(i)
Now, distance of line (i) from the origin is origin to this line makes an angle of
Ans. (d)
|k| 3 60° with the line x + y = 0. Then, an
Key Idea =
4 +3
2 2 5 equation of the line L is
(i) If lines are perpendicular to each [2019, 12 April Shift-II]
other, then [as per question’s requirement]
product of their slopes is −1, i.e.
(a) x + 3y = 8
⇒ |k |=3 ⇒ k = ± 3
m1 m2 = − 1 (b) ( 3 + 1) x + ( 3 − 1) y = 8 2
So, possible lines having equation, either (c) 3x + y = 8
(ii) Distance between two points 4x − 3y + 3 = 0 or 4x − 3y − 3 = 0
(x 1 , y 1 ) and (x 2 , y 2 ) (d) ( 3 − 1) x + ( 3 + 1) y = 8 2
282 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (d) 36 If the straight line, 2x − 3y + 17 = 0 is Now, equation of AB is 4x + 5y − 20 = 0
According to the question, we have the perpendicular to the line passing and
following figure. through the points (7, 17) and (15, β), equation of BH is 2x + 3y − 5 = 0
(0,b)
then β equals [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I] Solving these, we get point of
35 35 intersection (i.e. coordinates of B).
M (a) (b) − 5 (c) − (d) 5
3 3 4x + 5y − 20 = 0
60° ⇒y = − 10
α (a,0) Ans. (d) 4x + 6y − 10 = 0
O x+
y= Slope of the line2x − 3y + 17 = 0 is On substituting y = − 10 in 2x + 3y − 5 = 0,
0 x y 2
— + — =1 35
a b = m1 , (let) and the slope of line joining the 35
3 we get x= ∴ B , − 10
2 2
Let θ be the inclination of the line points
β − 17 β − 17 Solving 4x + 5y − 20 = 0 and
x + y = 0.Then, (7, 17) and (15, β) is = = m2 (let)
15 − 7 8 3x − 2y + 6 = 0, we get coordinate of A.
tanθ = − 1 = tan (180 ° − 45° )
⇒ tanθ = tan 135° According to the question, m1 m2 = − 1 12x + 15y − 60 = 0
2 β − 17 ⇒23y = 84
⇒ θ = 135° ⇒ × =−1 12x − 8y + 24 = 0
3 8
⇒ α + 60 ° = 135° ⇒ α = 75° ⇒ y=
84
⇒ β − 17 = − 12 ⇒ β = 5.
Since, lineL having perpendicular 23
distance OM = 4. ⇒ x=
10
37 Let the equations of two sides of a 23
So, equation of the line ‘L’ is
triangle be 3x − 2y + 6 = 0 and 10 84
x cosα + y sinα = 4 ∴ A ,
4x + 5y − 20 = 0. If the orthocentre 23 23
⇒ x cos 75° + y sin 75° = 4
of this triangle is at (1, 1) then the y − y1
⇒ x cos (45° + 30 ° ) + y sin (45° + 30 ° ) = 4 Now, slope of AH = 2
equation of its third side is x −x
2 1
3 1 3 1 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
⇒ x − + y + =4 84 − 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (a) 122 y − 26 x − 1675 = 0 61
(b) 26 x − 122 y − 1675 = 0 = 23 = .
⇒ ( 3 − 1) x + y ( 3 + 1) = 8 2
− 1 − 13
10
(c) 122 y + 26 x + 1675 = 0
23
(d) 26 x + 61y + 1675 = 0
35 Consider the set of all lines QBC is perpendicular to AH.
px + qy + r = 0 such that Ans. (b)
13
∴Slope of BC is QmBC = − 1
3p + 2q + 4r = 0. Which one of the A
61
mAH
following statements is true?
E H F Now, equation of line BC is given by
[2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
y − y 1 = m(x − x 1 ), where (x 1 , y 1 ) are
(a) Each line passes through the origin. (1, 1) coordinates of B.
(b) The lines are concurrent at the point 13 35
3 1 C B ∴ y − (− 10) = x −
, 3x–2y+6=0 4x+5y–20=0 61 2
4 2
13
(c) The lines are all parallel Let equation of AB be 4x + 5y − 20 = 0 ⇒ y + 10 = (2x − 35)
and AC be 3x − 2y + 6 = 0 61 × 2
(d) The lines are not concurrent
Clearly, slope of AC =
3 ⇒ 122y + 1220 = 26x − 455
Ans. (b)
2 ⇒ 26x − 122y − 1675 = 0
Given, px + qy + r = 0 is the equation of a
[Qslope of ax + by + c = 0 is − ]
line such that b
38 Let S be the set of all triangles in
3p + 2q + 4r = 0 ∴Slope of altitude BH, which is
2 the xy-plane, each having one
Consider, 3p + 2q + 4r = 0 perpendicular to AC = − .
3 vertex at the origin and the other
3p 2q two vertices lie on coordinate axes
⇒ + + r =0 1
4 4 QmBH = − with integral coordinates. If each
mAC
(dividing the equation by 4)
triangle in S has area 50 sq units,
3 1 Equation of BH is given by
⇒ p + q + r = 0 then the number of elements in the
4 2 y − y 1 = m(x − x 1 ) set S is [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
3 1 2
⇒ , satisfy px + qy + r = 0 Here, m = − , x 1 = 1 and y 1 = 1 (a) 36
4 2 3
2 (b) 32
So, the lines always passes through the ∴ y − 1 = − (x − 1) (c) 18
3 1 3
point , . (d) 9
4 2 ⇒ 2x + 3y − 5 = 0
Coordinate Geometry 283
Ans. (a) 2x 1 + 4 ay 1 + by 2 + cy 3
⇒ y1 = …(i) and k =
According to given information, we have 3 a+b+ c
Now, let the centroid of ∆PQR be G (h, k),
the following figure. (here, y 1 = 0, y 2 = 6, y 3 = 0)
then
Y 6 × 0 + 8 × 6 + 10 × 0 48
x + 1+ 3 = = =2
h= 1 6 + 8 + 10 24
(0, b) 3
B ⇒ x 1 = 3h − 4 …(ii) ∴ incentre is (2, 2)
y + 4−2
and k= 1
3 41 Two sides of a parallelogram are
X 2x 1 + 4
+2 along the lines, x + y = 3 and
O A (a, 0)
⇒ k= 3 [from Eq. (i)] x − y + 3 = 0. If its diagonals intersect
3 at (2, 4), then one of its vertex is
(Note that as a and b are integers so they 2x + 4 + 6
can be negative also) ⇒ 3k = 1 [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II]
3
Here O(0, 0), A (a, 0) and B (0,b) are the (a) (3, 6) (b) (2, 6)
⇒ 9k − 10 = 2x 1 …(iii)
three vertices of the triangle. (c) (2, 1) (d) (3, 5)
Now, from Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
Clearly, OA = | a | and OB = | b |. Ans. (a)
1 2(3h − 4) = 9k − 10
∴Area of ∆OAB = | a | |b |. ⇒ 6h − 8 = 9k − 10 According to given information, we have
2 the following figure
⇒ 6h − 9k + 2 = 0
But area of such triangles is given as 50
Now, replaceh by x and k by y.
sq units.
1 ⇒ 6x − 9y + 2 = 0 D C (x2 , y2 )
∴ |a | | b | = 50 which is the required locus and slope of
2 2 M
this line is x–y+3=0 (2,4)
⇒ |a | | b | = 100 = 22 ⋅ 52 3
Number of ways of distributing two2’s in Q slope of ax + by + c = 0 is − a B
|a | and | b | = 3 b A x+y=3
|a | |b |
40 If the line 3x + 4y − 24 = 0 intersects [Note that given lines are perpendicular
0 2 to each
the X-axis at the point A and the other as m1 × m2 = −1]
1 1 Y-axis at the pointB, then the incentre Clearly, point A is point of intersection of
2 0 of the triangle OAB, where O is the lines
⇒ 3 ways origin, is [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] x+ y =3 …(i)
Similarly, number of ways of distributing (a) (4, 3) (b) (3, 4) and x − y = −3 …(ii)
two 5’s in | a | and |b | = 3 ways. (c) (4, 4) (d) (2, 2) So, A = (0, 3)
∴Total number of ways of distributing 2’s Ans. (d) [solving Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
and 5’s = 3 × 3 = 9 ways Given equation of line is3x + 4y − 24 = 0 Now, as point M (2, 4) is mid-point of line
Note that for one value of | a | , there are For intersection with X-axis put y = 0 joining the points A and C, so
2 possible values ofa and for one value 0 + x2 3 + y2
⇒ 3x − 24 = 0 ⇒x = 8 (2, 4) = ,
of |b |, there are 2 possible values ofb.
For intersection withY-axis, put x = 0 2 2
∴Number of such triangles possible
⇒ 4y − 24 = 0 ⇒y = 6 x1 + x2 y1 + y2
= 2 × 2 × 9 = 36.
∴ A(8, 0) and B (0, 6) Qmid - point = 2 , 2
So, number of elements in S is 36.
B(0,6) 0 + x2 3 + y2
⇒ 2= ;4 =
39 A point P moves on the line 2 2
2x − 3y + 4 = 0. If Q(1, 4) and R(3, − 2) ⇒ x 2 = 4 and y 2 = 5
are fixed points, then the locus of ∴ Thus, C ≡ (4, 5)
the centroid of ∆PQR is a line Now, equation of line BC is given by
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] O (y − y 1 ) = m (x − x 1 )
A(8,0)
2
(a) with slope y − 5 = 1(x − 4)
3 Let AB = c = 82 + 62 = 10 [line BC is parallel to x − y + 3 = 0 and
3 (−1)
(b) with slope OB = a = 6 and OA = b = 8 slope of x − y + 3 = 0 is = 1]
2 (−1)
Also, let incentre is (h k), then
(c) parallel to Y-axis ⇒ y = x+ 1 …(iii)
ax + bx 2 + cx 3
(d) parallel to X-axis h= 1 and equation of line DC is
Ans. (a) a+b+ c
y − 5 = −1 (x − 4)
(here, x 1 = 8, x 2 = 0, x 3 = 0)
Let the coordinates of point P be (x 1 , y 1 ) [line DC is parallel to x + y = 3 and slope
6 × 8 + 8 × 0 + 10 × 0 48 −1
QP lies on the line2x − 3y + 4 = 0 = = =2 of x + y = 3 is = −1]
6 + 8 + 10 24
∴ 2x 1 − 3y 1 + 4 = 0 1
284 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ x+ y =9 …(iv) C(2, 5) D 45 A straight line through a fixed point
On solving Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get B (1, 2) (2, 3) intersects the coordinate axes
P
and on solving Eqs. (ii) and (iv), we get
at distinct pointsP and Q. If O is the
D (3, 6)
origin and the rectangle OPRQ is
A(1, 2) B(3, 4) completed, then the locus of R is
42 Two vertices of a triangle are (0, 2)
[JEE Main 2018]
and (4, 3). If its orthocentre is at the We know that, diagonals of a
parallelogram intersect at mid-point. (a) 3x + 2 y = 6 (b) 2 x + 3y = xy
origin, then its third vertex lies in
5 9 (c) 3x + 2 y = xy (d) 3x + 2 y = 6 xy
which quadrant? ∴ P = Mid-point of BC and so, P ≡ ,
2 2 Ans. (c)
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] Now, equation of AD is.
(a) Fourth (b) Third 9
−2 R(α, β)
Q(0, β)
(c) Second (d) First (y − 2) = 2 (x − 1)
Ans. (c) 5
−1 (2, 3)
Let ABC be a given triangle with vertices 2
5
B(0, 2), C (4, 3) and let third vertex be A (a, b) ⇒ y − 2 = (x − 1) P(α, 0)
3
A (a , b ) ⇒ 3y − 6 = 5x − 5
⇒ 5x − 3y + 1 = 0 Equation of line PQ is
x y
+ =1
E α β
F
(0,0) 44 If a straight line passing through Since this line is passes through fixed
the point P (− 3, 4) is such that its point (2, 3).
2 3
∴ + =1
intercepted portion between the α β
(0, 2) B C (4,3)
D coordinate axes is bisected at P, ∴Locus of R is 2β + 3α = αβ
Also, let D, E and F are the foot of then its equation is i.e. 2y + 3x = xy ⇒ 3x + 2y = xy
perpendiculars drawn from A, B and C [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
respectively. (a) x − y + 7 = 0 46 Let the orthocentre and centroid of
b −0 3 −2
Then, AD⊥ BC ⇒ × = −1 (b) 4 x − 3y + 24 = 0 a triangle be A(−3, 5) and B(3, 3),
a −0 4−0 (c) 3x − 4 y + 25 = 0 respectively. If C is the
[if two lines having slopes m1 and m2 , are (d) 4 x + 3y = 0
perpendicular then m1 m2 = −1]
circumcentre of this triangle, then
Ans. (b) the radius of the circle having line
⇒ b + 4a = 0 …(i)
and CF⊥ AB
Let the equation of required line having segment AC as diameter, is
interceptsa and b with the axes is [JEE Main 2018]
b −2 3 −0
⇒ × = −1 x y (a) 10 (b) 2 10
a −0 4−0 + =1 …(i)
a b 5 3 5
⇒ 3b − 6 = −4a Y (c) 3 (d)
2 2
⇒ 4a + 3b = 6 …(ii) B (0,b)
Ans. (c)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
−b + 3b = 6 ⇒ 2b = 6 P (–3,4)
Key Idea Otrhocentre, centroid and
b circumcentre are collinear and centroid
3
⇒ b = 3 and a = − [from Eq. (i)] divide orthocentre and circumcentre in
4
2 : 1 ratio.
3 A (a,0)
So, the third vertex (a, b) ≡ − , 3 , which X We have orthocentre and centroid of a
4 O a
triangle be A(−3, 5) and B(3, 3) respectively
lies in II quadrant. Now, according to given information, and C circumcentre.
P is the mid-point of AB
43 If in a parallelogram ABDC, the a b A(–3, 5) B(3,3) C
coordinates of A, B and C are ∴ P = , = (−3, 4) [given]
2 2
respectively (1, 2), (3, 4) and (2, 5), Clearly, AB = (3 + 3) 2 + (3 − 5) 2
⇒ (a, b) = (−6, 8)
then the equation of the diagonal = 36 + 4 = 2 10
On putting the value ofa and b in Eq. (i),
AD is [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] We know that, AB : BC = 2 : 1 ⇒BC = 10
we get
(a) 3x + 5 y − 13 = 0 (b) 3x − 5 y + 7 = 0 Now,
x y
(c) 5 x − 3y + 1 = 0 (d) 5 x + 3y − 11 = 0 + =1 AC = AB + BC = 2 10 + 10 = 3 10
−6 8
Ans. (c) Since, AC is a diameter of circle.
⇒ 8x − 6y = −48 AC 3 10 5
According to given information, we have ∴ r= ⇒r= =3
the following figure ⇒ 4x − 3y + 24 = 0 2 2 2
Coordinate Geometry 285
47 Two sides of a rhombus are along of integral coordinates in the bounded ∴Point of intersection of lines (ii) and (iii)
region. is (1, 2).
the lines, x − y + 1 = 0 and
Let M be the mid-point of PP′, then AM is
7 x − y − 5 = 0. If its diagonals (0,41)
perpendicular bisector of PP′ (where, A is
intersect at (− 1, − 2), then which one the point of intersection of given lines).
of the following is a vertex of this
P (2, 3)
=0
rhombus? [JEE Main 2016]
+4
(a) (− 3, − 9) (b) (− 3, − 8)
y
–3
1 8 10 7
2x
(c) , − (d) − , − (0,0) (41,0)
3 3 3 3 (1, 2)
M
A
∴ Total number of integral coordinates
Ans. (c)
x=
= 41 − 1C 3 − 1 = 40C 2
2
As the given lines x − y + 1 = 0 and
y+
=
40 !
= 780 P′ (h, k)
3=
7 x − y − 5 = 0 are not parallel, therefore
2! 38!
0
they represent the adjacent sides of the
rhombus. Aliter Consider the following figure : ∴ AP = AP ′
On solving x − y + 1 = 0 and 7 x − y − 5 = 0, ⇒ (2 − 1) + (3 − 2) 2 = (h − 1) 2 + (k − 2) 2
2
we get x = 1 and y = 2. Thus, one of the (0,41) ⇒ 2 = h2 + k 2 − 2h − 4k + 1 + 4
vertex is A(1, 2). (1,40) ⇒ 2 = h2 + k 2 − 2h − 4k + 5
D C (x, y) (2,39) 1 point
⇒ h2 + k 2 − 2h − 4k + 5 = 2
=0
⇒ h2 + k 2 − 2h − 4k + 3 = 0
y–5
(–1, –2) Thus, the required locus is
(40,1)
7x –
(40,1) 39 points x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y + 3 = 0
A x – y+1=0 B x=40 (41,0) which is a equation of circle with
(0,0) x=1 x=2
(1, 2) radius = 1 + 4 − 3 = 2
Let the coordinate of pointC be (x, y). Clearly, the number of required points Aliter (2x − 3y + 4) + k (x − 2y + 3) = 0 is
x+1 family of lines passing through (1, 2). By
Then, − 1= = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 39
2 39 congruency of triangles, we can prove
y+2 = (39 + 1) = 780 that mirror image (h, k) and the point (2, 3)
and −2= 2 will be equidistant from (1, 2).
2
⇒ x + 1 = − 2 and y = − 4 − 2 49 Locus of the image of the point (2, 2x – 3y + 4 = 0
⇒ x = − 3 and y = − 6 3) in the line
Q
Hence, coordinates of C = (− 3, − 6) (2x − 3y + 4) + k (x − 2y + 3) = 0, k ∈R, (2, 3)
Note that, vertices B and D will satisfy is a [JEE Main 2015]
P
x − y + 1 = 0 and 7 x − y − 5 = 0, (a) straight line parallel to X-axis
respectively. (b) straight line parallel toY-axis
(1, 2)
Since, option (c) satisfies 7 x − y − 5 = 0, (c) circle of radius 2
(h, k)
therefore coordinate of vertex D is (d) circle of radius 3 R
1 , − 8 .
Ans. (c)
3 3 x – 2y + 3 = 0
Central Idea First of all find the point of
intersection of the lines2x − 3y + 4 = 0 ∴Locus of (h, k) is PR = PQ
48 The number of points having both ⇒ (h − 1) 2 + (k − 2) 2 = (2 − 1) 2 + (3 − 2) 2
and x − 2y + 3 = 0 (say A). Now, the line
coordinates as integers that lie in (2x − 3y + 4) + k (x − 2y + 3) = 0 is the or (x − 1) 2 + (y − 2) 2 = 2
the interior of the triangle with perpendicular bisector of the line joining ∴Locus is a circle of radius = 2
vertices (0, 0), (0, 41) and (41, 0) is points P(2, 3) and image P ′ (h, k). Now,
[JEE Main 2015] AP = AP ′ and simplify. 50 If PS is the median of the triangle
(a) 901 (b) 861 Given line is with vertices P (2, 2), Q (6, − 1) and
(c) 820 (d) 780 (2x − 3y + 4) + k (x − 2y + 3) = 0, k ∈ R…(i) R (7, 3), then equation of the line
Ans. (d) This line will pass through the point of passing through (1, – 1) and parallel to
intersection of the lines PS is
Required points (x, y) are such that it [JEE Main 2014]
2x − 3y + 4 = 0 …(ii)
satisfy (a) 4 x − 7y − 11 = 0
x + y < 41 and x > 0, y > 0 and x − 2y + 3 = 0 …(iii) (b) 2x + 9y + 7 = 0
Number of positive integral solution of On solving Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get (c) 4 x + 7y + 3 = 0
the equationx + y + k = 41 will be number x = 1, y = 2 (d) 2 x − 9 y − 11 = 0
286 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Product of slope of two x-coordinate of incentre
B (0, 1)
perpendicular lines is − 1, is the key 3 y =x – 3
=
2 × 0 + 2 2 ⋅0 + 2⋅2
concept use(d) 2+ 2+ 2 2
Ans. (b) 2 2− 2
A ( 3, 0) = × =2− 2
Coordinate of 2+ 2 2− 2
7 + 6 3 − 1 13
S= , = , 1 B′(0, –1)
2 2 2 54 If the line 2x + y = k passes through
P (2, 2) Equation of AB′, the point which divides the line
− 1−0 segment joining the points (1, 1) and
y −0 = (x − 3)
0− 3 (2,4) in the ratio 3: 2, then k is equal
⇒ − 3y = − x + 3
to [AIEEE 2012]
29
Q R (a) (b) 5
S ⇒ x − 3y = 3 5
(6, –1) (7, 3)
11
⇒ 3y = x − 3 (c) 6 (d)
−2 5
Slope of the line PS is .
9 Alternate Solution Ans. (c)
Required equation passes through (1, − 1) 1 Given lineL :2x + y = k passes through
Slope of given line is − ⋅
is 3 point (say P) which divides a line segment
−2
y+ 1= (x − 1) Y (say AB) in ratio 3 :2, where A(1, 1) and
9 B(2, 4).
⇒ 2x + 9y + 7 = 0 3 y =x – 3 Using section formula, the coordinates
of the point P which divides AB internally
51 Let a, b, c and d be non-zero 30° 30° in the ratio3 :2 are
numbers. If the point of intersection X′ X 3 × 2 + 2 × 1 3 × 4 + 2 × 1 8 14
( 3, 0) P , ≡P ,
of the lines 4ax + 2ay + c = 0 and 3+2 3+2 5 5
Y′
5bx + 2by + d = 0 lies in the fourth
From figure, equation of reflected rays is Also, since the line L passes through P,
quadrant and is equidistant from
1 hence substituting the coordinates of
the two axes, then [JEE Main 2014] y= (x − 3)
P , in the equation ofL :2x + y = k,
3 8 14
(a) 2bc − 3ad = 0 5 5
(b) 2bc + 3ad = 0 ⇒ 3y = x − 3
we get
(c) 2ad − 3bc = 0
2 + = k
8 14
(d) 3bc + 2ad = 0 53 The x-coordinate of the incentre of
5 5
the triangle that has the
Ans. (c) ∴ k =6
coordinates of mid-points of its
Let coordinate of the point be (α, − α).
sides as (0, 1), (1, 1) and (1, 0) is
Since, (α, − α) lie on 4ax + 2ay + c = 0 [JEE Main 2013]
55 A line is drawn through the point
and 5bx + 2by + d = 0. (1, 2) to meet the coordinate axes at
(a) 2+ 2
−c P and Q such that it forms a ∆OPQ,
∴ 4aα − 2aα + c = 0 ⇒ α = …(i) (b) 2− 2
2a where O is the origin, if the area of
(c) 1+ 2
Also, 5bα − 2bα + d = 0 ⇒ α =
−d the ∆OPQ is least, then the slope of
…(ii) (d) 1− 2
3b the line PQ is [AIEEE 2012]
− c −d Ans. (b) 1
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), = (a) − (b) – 4
2a 3b Given, mid-points of a triangle are (0, 1), 4
1
∴ 3bc = 2ad (1, 1) and (1, 0). Plotting these points on a (c) −2 (d) −
graph paper and make a triangle. 2
52 A ray of light along x + 3y = 3 So, the sides of a triangle will be 2, 2 and Ans. (c)
gets reflected upon reaching 22 + 22 = 2 2. Given
X-axis, the equation of the Y (i) A line through (1, 2) meets the
coordinate axes at P and Q.
reflected ray is [JEE Main 2013]
(ii) The area of ∆OPQ is minimum.
(a) y = x + 3 C (0,2)
(b) 3y = x − 3 To find The slope of line PQ.
(c) y = 3x − 3 2 (0, 1) (1, 1) Let m be the slope of the line PQ, then
(d) 3y = x − 1 the equation of PQ is y − 2 = m(x − 1)
X′ X 2
Ans. (b) B (1, 0) A (2, 0) Now, PQ meets X-axis at P 1 − , 0 and
(0, 0) 2 m
Take any point B (0, 1) on given line. Y′ Y-axis at Q (0, 2 − m).
Coordinate Geometry 287
2
⇒ OP = 1 − and OQ = 2 − m | PO | = 4 + 4 = 2 2 58 The lines x + y = | a | and ax − y = 1
m
| OQ | = 1 + 4 = 5 intersect each other in the first
Q
Since, OR is angle bisector. quadrant. Then, the set of all
OP PR possible values of a in the interval
(1, 2) ∴ = [AIEEE 2011]
OQ RQ
In a triangle, angle bisector divides the (a) (−1, 1]
O P opposite sides in the ratio of side (b) (0, ∞)
1 containing the angle. (c) [1, ∞)
Also, area of ∆OPQ = (OP)(OQ ) (d) (−1, ∞)
2 PR 2 2
⇒ =
1 2 RQ 5 Ans. (c)
= 1 − (2 − m)
2 m As, x + y = |a | and ax − y = 1, intersect in
So, Statement I is true. I quadrant.
1 4 1 4
= 2 − m− + 2 = 4− m+ But, it does not divide the triangle in two Therefore, x and y intercept are
2 m 2 m similar triangles.So, Statement II is positive.
4
Let f (m) = 4 − m + false. 1 + |a | a |a | − 1
m ∴ x= ≥ 0 and y = ≥0
4 Hence, option (b) is correct. 1+ a a+1
⇒ f ′ (m) = − 1 + 2
m ⇒ 1+ a≥0
Now, f ′ (m) = 0 ⇒ m2 = 4 ⇒ m = ± 2 57 The curve that passes through the and a |a | − 1 ≥ 0
⇒ f(2) = 0 and f(− 2) = 8 point (2, 3) and has the property ⇒ a≥ − 1
Since, the area cannot be zero, hence that the segment of any tangent to and a |a | ≥ 1 …(i)
the required value of m is −2. it lying between the coordinate Case I If − 1< a < 0
axes is bisected by the point of ⇒ − a2 > 1 [not possible]
56 The lines L 1 : y − x = 0 and contact, is given by [AIEEE 2011] Case II If a ≥ 0 ⇒ a2 ≥ 1
⇒ a≥ 1
2 2
L2 : 2x + y = 0 intersect the line x y
(a) + = 2 (b) 2 y − 3x = 0
…(ii)
L3 : y + 2 = 0 at P and Q, respectively. 2 3 ∴ a ≥ 1 or a ∈[1, ∞)
The bisector of the acute angle (c) y =
6
(d) x 2 + y 2 = 13 59 If A(2, − 3) and B(−2, 1) are two
betweenL 1 andL2 intersectsL3 atR. x vertices of a triangle and third
Ans. (c) vertex moves on the line 2x + 3y = 9,
Statement I The ratio PR : RQ
Y then the locus of the centroid of
equals 2 2 : 5. the triangle is [AIEEE 2011]
Statement II In any triangle, B (a) 2 x − 3y = 1
bisector of an angle divides the (x, y) y = f (x) (b) x − y = 1
triangle into two similar triangles. (c) 2 x + 3y = 1
P
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is (d) 2 x + 3y = 3
true; Statement II is not a correct Ans. (c)
A X
explanation of Statement I O
The third vertex lies on2x + 3y = 9 .
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
Y − y dy x, 9 − 2x
false Equation of AB is = …(i) i. e.,
X − x dx (x , y ) 3
(c) Statement I is false, Statement II is
true dx A (2, –3)
x-intercept is x − y ⋅ ,0
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is dy
true; Statement II is a correct
dy
explanation of Statement I y-intercept is 0, y − x
[AIEEE 2011] dx
9 – 2x
Ans. (b)
Here, L1 : y − x = 0, L2 :2x + y = 0
As P is mid-point of AB.
dx
B (–2, 1) (
C x,
3 )
∴ 2x = x − y ⋅ ∴ Locus of centroid is
and L3 : y + 2 = 0 shown as dy 9 − 2x
Y 2 −2 + x −3 + + 1
L1 dx 3
⇒ y =−x , = (h, k)
y=x dy 3 3
dx dy
∴ + =0 x 3 − 2x
X x y ∴ h= ,k=
O (0, 0) 3 9
L3 Integrating both sides, we get
P Q ⇒ 9 k = 3 − 2 (3h)
R –2
y = –2 log x + log y = log c
(1, –2) ⇒ 9 k = 3 − 6h
(– 2, –2) L2 ⇒ xy = c, as it passes through (2, 3).
y = – 2x ⇒ 2h + 3 k = 1 or 2x + 3y = 1
Angle bisector ∴ c = 6 ⇒ xy = 6
288 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
x y 1
60 The line L given by + = 1 passes equal to . Then, the circumcentre 64 Consider a family of circles which
5 b 3 are passing through the point (–1, 1)
through the point (13, 32). The line of the ∆ABC is at the point and are tangent to X-axis. If (h, k )
K is parallel to L and has the [AIEEE 2009] are the coordinates of the centre
x y
equation + = 1. Then, the 5
(a) , 0
of the circles, then the set of
c 3 4 values of k is given by the interval
distance between L and K is
5 [AIEEE 2007]
[AIEEE 2010] (b) , 0 1 1
23 2 (a) 0 < k < (b) k ≥
(a) (b) 17 5 2 2
15 (c) , 0 1 1 1
17 23 3 (c) − ≤ k ≤ (d) k ≤
(c) (d) 2 2 2
15 17 (d) (0, 0)
Ans. (b)
Ans. (a)
Ans. (d) Equation of circle which touches X-axis
Let (x, y) denotes the coordinates in A, B
Since, the lineL is passing through the and coordinates of centre are (h, k), is
and C plane.
point (13, 32). Therefore, (x − 1) 2 + y 2 1 (x − h) 2 + ( y − k) 2 = k 2
Then, =
13 32
+ =1 (x + 1) 2 + y 2 9 Since it is passing through (–1, 1), then
5 b ⇒ 9x 2 + 9y 2 − 18x + 9 = x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 1 (−1 − h) 2 + (1 − k) 2 = k 2
32 8
⇒ = − ⇒ b = −20 ⇒ 8x 2 + 8y 2 − 20 x + 8 = 0 ⇒ h2 + 2h − 2k + 2 = 0
b 5 5
⇒ x2 + y2 − x + 1 = 0 For real circles, D≥0
The line K is parallel to the lineL, its 2 ⇒ (2) 2 − 4(−2k + 2) ≥ 0
equation must be
Hence, A, B and C lie on a circle with 1
x y x y ∴ k≥
− = a or − =1 5 2
5 20 5a 20a C , 0 .
4 65 Let A(h, k ), B(1, 1) and C(2, 1) be the
x y
On comparing with + = 1, we get
c 3 vertices of a right angled triangle
3 63 The perpendicular bisector of the
20a = − 3, c = 5a = − with AC as its hypotenuse. If the
4
line segment joining P (1, 4) and Q (k , 3)
area of the triangle is 1, then the
Hence, the distance between lines has y intercept −4. Then, a possible
set of values which k can take is
−3 value of k is [AIEEE 2008]
−1 given by [AIEEE 2007]
|a − 1 | 20 23 (a) – 4 (b) 1
= = = (a) {1, 3} (b) {0, 2}
1 1 17 17 (c) 2 (d) – 2
+ (c) {–1, 3} (d) {–3, –2}
25 400 400 Ans. (a)
Ans. (c)
4−3 1
Since, slope of PQ = = Since,A (h, k), B (1, 1) and C (2, 1) are the
61 The lines p(p2 + 1) x − y + q = 0 1− k 1− k
vertices of a right angled ∆ABC.
and (p2 + 1) 2 x + (p2 + 1) y + 2q = 0 Slope of AM = (k − 1) Y
are perpendicular to a common A A (h, k)
line for [AIEEE 2009]
(a) exactly one value of p
(b) exactly two values of p
(c) more than two values of p
P Q
(d) no value of p (1, 4) (k, 3) B (1, 1) C (2, 1)
M X
Ans. (a) k + 1, 7 O
2 2
Lines perpendicular to same line are
∴ Equation of AM is Now, AB = (1 − h) 2 + (1 − k) 2
parallel to each other.
∴ − p (p2 + 1) = p2 + 1 ⇒ p = − 1 7 k+ 1 BC = (2 − 1) 2 + (1 − 1) 2 = 1
y − = (k − 1) x −
Hence, there is exactly one value of p. 2 2
and CA = (h − 2) 2 + (k − 1) 2
For y intercept, x = 0, y = − 4
62 Three distinct points A, B and C 7 k + 1 From Pythagoras theorem,
− 4 − = − (k − 1) AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
given in the 2-dimensional 2 2
⇒ 4 + h − 4h + k 2 + 1 − 2 k
2
coordinate plane such that the 15 k 2 − 1
⇒ = = h2 + 1 − 2h + k 2 + 1 − 2 k + 1
ratio of the distance of any one of 2 2
⇒ 5 − 4h = 3 − 2h
them from the point (1, 0) to the ⇒ k 2 − 1 = 15 ⇒ k 2 = 16
∴ h= 1 …(i)
distance from the point (− 1, 0) is ∴ k = ±4
Now, given that area of triangle is 1.
Coordinate Geometry 289
1 Ans. (c) 1
Then, area (∆ABC) = × AB × BC ⇒ a ∈ (− ∞, 0) ∪ , ∞
2 Equation of bisectors of line xy = 0 are 2
1 y = ± x. and 0<a<3
⇒ 1= × (1 − h) 2 + (1 − k) 2 × 1
2 Put y = ± x in my 2 + (1 − m2 ) xy − mx 2 = 0, Y
we get
⇒ 2 = (1 − h) 2 + (1 − k) 2 …(ii)
mx 2 ± (1 − m2 ) x 2 − mx 2 = 0 y = 3x
⇒ 2 = (k − 1) 2
[from Eq. (i)] ⇒ (1 − m2 ) x 2 = 0
⇒ 4 = k2 + 1 − 2 k ∴ m= ± 1 x
y=
2
⇒ k − 2k − 3 = 0
2
68 A straight line through the point X′ X
⇒ (k − 3)(k + 1) = 0 O
A(3, 4) is such that its intercept
∴ k = − 1, 3 between the axes is bisected at A. Y′
Thus, the set of values of k is {–1, 3}. Its equation is [AIEEE 2006] 1
i. e., a ∈(0,3) ⇒ a ∈ , 3
(a) 3x − 4 y + 7 = 0 (b) 4 x + 3y = 24 2
66 Let P = (−1, 0), Q = (0, 0) and
(c) 3x + 4 y = 25 (d) x + y = 7
R = (3, 3 3) be three points. The Ans. (b) 70 The line parallel to the X-axis and
equation of the bisector of the passing through the intersection of
Since, A is the mid-point of line PQ.
∠PQR is [AIEEE 2007]
the lines a x + 2by + 3b = 0 and
3 Y
(a) 3x + y = 0 (b) x + y =0 bx − 2ay − 3a = 0, where (a , b) ≠ (0, 0)
2 P (0, b)
is [AIEEE 2005]
3
(c) x + y =0 (d) x + 3y = 0 A (3, 4)
(a) above the X-axis at a distance of (2/3)
2 from it
Ans. (a) (b) above the X-axis at a distance of (3/2)
3 3 −0 from it
Now, slope of QR = X′ X
3−0 O Q (c) below the X-axis at a distance of (2/3)
(a, 0) from it
= 3 = tanθ
Y′ (d) below the X-axis at a distance of (3/2)
Y from it
R (3, 3√3) a+0 0+b
M
∴ 3= ⇒ a = 6 and 4 = Ans. (d)
2 2
Equation of a line passing through the
⇒b =8
intersection of linesax + 2by + 3b = 0 and
π/3 Hence, the equation of line is bx − 2a y − 3a = 0 is
X′ X x y
P (0, 0)Q 2π/3
+ = 1 or 4x + 3y = 24 (ax + 2by + 3b) + λ (bx − 2ay − 3a) = 0 …(i)
(–1, 0) 6 8
Now, this line is parallel to X-axis, so
Y′ coefficient of x should be zero.
69 If (a , a 2 ) falls inside the angle made a
π i.e., a + λb = 0 ⇒ λ = −
⇒ θ= x
3 by the lines y = , x > 0 and y = 3x, b
2 On putting this value in Eq. (i), we get
2π
The angle between PQR is , so the line x > 0, then a belongs to [AIEEE 2006] b (ax + 2by + 3b) − a (bx − 2ay − 3a) = 0
3
2π 1 ⇒ 2b 2 y + 3b 2 + 2a 2 y + 3a 2 = 0
QM makes an angle from positive (a) (3, ∞) (b) , 3
3 2 ⇒ 2 (b 2 + a 2 ) y + 3 (b 2 + a 2 ) = 0
direction of X-axis. 1 1 3
2π (c) −3, − (d) 0, ∴ y=−
Slope of the line QM = tan =− 3 2 2 2
3
Ans. (b) The negative sign shows that the line is
Hence, equation of line QM is y = − 3x 3
The graph of equations x − 2y = 0 and below X-axis at a distance from it.
or 3x + y = 0 2
3x − y = 0 is as shown in the figure. Since,
given point (a , a 2 ) lies in the shaded region. Alternate Solution
67 If one of the line of my 2 + (1 − m2 ) a Equation of given lines are
Then, a 2 − > 0 and a 2 − 3a < 0
xy − mx 2 = 0 is a bisector of the 2 ax + 2by + 3b = 0 …(i)
angle between lines xy = 0, then m ⇒ a (2a − 1) > 0 and a (a − 3) < 0 and bx − 2ay − 3a = 0 …(ii)
is [AIEEE 2007] On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get the
1
(a) − (b) –2 + – + + – + point of intersection is
2 3
1/2 3
x = 0, y = −
0 0
(c) ±1 (d) 2 2
290 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Also, required line is parallel to X-axis. 1 + x3 1 + y3 Ans. (d)
3= and 2 =
∴ m=0 2 2 Let the intercepts on the coordinate
∴Equation of line which is passing i.e., x3 = 5 and y 3 = 3 axes be a and b.
3 Y
through 0, − having slope m = 0 is A (1, 1)
2
3
y + = 0 (x − 0)
2 (–1, 2) D
E (3, 2) b
3
⇒ y=−
2 X′ a X
C (5, 3) O
Thus, the required line is below X-axis at B (–3, 3)
3 Y′
a distance from X-axis. ∴ Centroid of triangle
2 According to the given condition,
x + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3
= 1 , a + b = − 1 ⇒b = − a − 1 = − (a + 1)
71 If non-zero numbers a , b and c are 3 3
x y
in HP, then the straight line 1 −3 + 5 1 + 3 + 3 7 Let equation of line be + = 1.
x y 1 = , = 1, a b
+ + = 0always passes through 3 3 3 x y
a b c ⇒ − =1 …(i)
73 Let A(2, − 3) and B(−2, 1) be the a a+1
a fixed point. That point is
Since, this line passes through a point
[AIEEE 2005] vertices of a ∆ABC. If the centroid
(4, 3).
1 of this triangle moves on the line 4a + 4 − 3a
(a) 1, − (b) (1, –2) ∴
4
−
3
=1⇒ =1
2 2x + 3y = 1, then the locus of the a a+1 a (a + 1)
(c) (–1, –2) (d) (–1, 2) vertex C is the line [AIEEE 2004]
⇒ a + 4 = a2 + a ⇒ a2 = 4
Ans. (b) (a) 2 x + 3y = 9 (b) 2 x − 3y = 7 ∴ a=±2
1 1 (c) 3x + 2 y = 5 (d) 3x − 2 y = 3 On putting the values ofa in Eq. (i), we
Since,a , b and c are in HP. Then , and
a b Ans. (a) get
1 x y x y
are in AP. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of vertexC − = 1 and + =1
c and (x 1 , y 1 ) be the coordinates of centroid 2 3 −2 1
2 1 1 of the triangle.
∴ = +
b a c x + 2−2 y −3+ 1 75 If the sum of the slopes of the lines
∴ x1 = and y 1 =
1 2 1 3 3 given by x 2 − 2cxy − 7 y 2 = 0 is four
⇒ − + =0
x y −2 times their product, then c has the
a b c ⇒ x1 = and y 1 = …(i)
x y 1 3 3 value [AIEEE 2004]
Hence, straight line + + = 0 is
a b c Since, the centroid lies on the line (a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) –2
always passes through a fixed point 2x + 3y = 1. Ans. (c)
(1, – 2). So, point (x 1 , y 1 ) satisfied the equation of
The given pair of lines is
line.
∴ 2 x 1 + 3y 1 = 1 x 2 − 2cxy − 7 y 2 = 0.
72 If a vertex of a triangle is (1, 1) and
2 x 3 ( y − 2) On comparing the standard equation
the mid-points of two sides ⇒ + = 1 [from Eq. (i)] ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0, we get
through this vertex are (–1, 2) and 3 3
⇒ 2 x + 3y − 6 = 3 a = 1, 2h = − 2 c, b = − 7
(3, 2), then the centroid of the 2h 2c
⇒ 2 x + 3y = 9 Now, m1 + m2 = − =−
triangle is [AIEEE 2005] b 7
1 7 7 Hence, this is the required equation of a 1
(a) , (b) 1, locus of the vertex C. and m1 m2 = = −
3 3 3 b 7
1 7 7 74 The equation of the straight line According to the given condition,
(c) − , (d) −1,
3 3 3 passing through the point (4, 3) and m1 + m2 = 4m1 m2
making intercepts on the coordinate 2c 4
Ans. (b) ∴ − =− ⇒ c =2
axes whose sum is –1, is 7 7
Let D and E be the mid-points of
[AIEEE 2004]
AB and AC.The coordinates of B are
x y x y 76 If one of the lines given by
1 + x2 (a) + = − 1 and + = −1 6x 2 − xy + 4cy 2 = 0 is 3x + 4y = 0,
−1 = 2 3 −2 1
2 then c is equal to [AIEEE 2004]
x y x y
1 + y2 (b) − = − 1 and + = −1
and 2= 2 3 −2 1 (a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 3 (d) –3
2 x y x y Ans. (d)
x2 = − 3
(c) + = 1 and + =1
i.e., 2 3 −2 1 Since, one of the two lines is3x + 4y = 0.
and y2 = 3 x y x y 3x
(d) − = 1 and + =1 Then, y = − will satisfy the equation
and coordinates of C are 2 3 −2 1 4
Coordinate Geometry 291
6x 2 − xy + 4 cy 2 = 0 1 2 (a) p = q (b) p = − q
(a) (a2 + b 22 − a12 − b 12 )
3x 3x
2
2 (c) pq = 1 (d) pq = −1
∴ 6x 2 − x − + 4 c − = 0
4 4 (b) a12 − a22 + b 12 − b 22 Ans. (d)
3x 2 9x 2 1
⇒ 6x 2 + + 4c ⋅ =0 (c) (a12 + a22 + b 12 + b 22 ) The given equation is
4 16 2 x 2 − 2pxy − y 2 = 0
⇒ x 2 (27 + 9 c) = 0 (d) a12 + b 12 − a22 − b 22 On comparing with standard equation
∴ c = −3 Ans. (a) ax 2 + 2hx y + by 2 = 0
Let P(α, β) be the point which is we get a = 1,
77 If x 1 , x 2 , x 3 and y 1 , y 2 , y 3 are both in equidistant from A (a 1 , b 1 ) and B (a 2 , b 2 ). b = − 1,
GP with the same common ratio, h= − p
∴ PA = PB
then the points (x 1 , y 1 ), (x 2 , y 2 ) and
⇒ (α − a 1 ) 2 + ( β − b 1 ) 2 = (α − a2 ) 2 + ( β − b2 ) 2 Equation of the bisector of angles is
(x 3 , y 3 ) [AIEEE 2003]
⇒ α 2 + a 12 − 2α a 1 + β 2 + b 12 − 2βb 1 x2 − y2 x y
(a) lie on a straight line =
= α 2 + a 22 − 2αa 2 + β 2 + b 22 − 2βb 2 a −b h
(b) lie on an ellipse
⇒ 2 (a 2 − a 1 ) α + 2 (b 2 − b 1 ) β x2 − y2 x y
(c) lie on a circle ∴ =
(d) are vertices of a triangle + (a 12 + b 12 − a 22 − b 22 ) = 0 1+ 1 −p
Ans. (a) Thus, the equation of locus (α, β) is 2 xy
⇒ x −y =−
2 2
(a 2 − a 1 ) x + (b 2 − b 1 ) y p
Since, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 and y 1 , y 2 , y 3 are in GP.
1
Then, x 2 = rx 1 , x 3 = r 2 x 1 + (a 12 + b 12 − a 22 − b 22 ) = 0 ⇒ x +
2 2x y
− y =0
2
…(i)
2 p
and y 2 = ry 1 , y 3 = r 2 y 1 , But the given equation is
But given bisector equation of angles is
where, r is a common ratio. (a 2 − a 1 ) x + (b 2 − b 1 ) y − c = 0
1 x 2 − 2qxy − y 2 = 0 …(ii)
The points become (x 1 , y 1 ), (r x 1 , r y 1 ) and ∴ c = − (a 12 + b 12 − a 22 − b 22 )
(r 2 x 1 , r 2 y 1 ) . 2 On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
1 2
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1 = (a 22 + b 22 − a 12 − b 12 ) = − 2q ⇒ pq = − 1
Now, x 2 y 2 1 = rx 1 ry 1 1 2 p
x3 y3 1 r 2 x1 r 2 y1 1 79 Locus of centroid of the triangle
whose vertices are (a cos t, a sin t), 81 A square of side a lies above the
Taking x 1 common from C 1 and y 1 from C 2 X-axis and has one vertex at the
(b sin t, − b cos t) and (1, 0), where t is
1 1 1
a parameter, is [AIEEE 2003] origin. The side passing through
= x1 y1 r r 1 = x 1 y 1 (0) = 0 the origin makes an angle
(a) (3x − 1) 2 + (3y) 2 = a 2 − b 2
π
r2 r2 1 (b) (3x − 1) 2 + (3y) 2 = a 2 + b 2 α 0 < α < with the positive
4
[since, two columns are identical] (c) (3x + 1) 2 + (3y) 2 = a 2 + b 2
direction of X-axis. The equation of
Hence, these points lie on a straight line. (d) (3x + 1) 2 + (3y) 2 = a 2 − b 2
Alternate Solution its diagonal not passing through
Ans. (b)
Let x1 = a the origin is [AIEEE 2003]
Since, the triangle, whose vertices are (a) y (cos α − sin α) − x (sin α − cos α) = a
⇒ x 2 = ar and x 3 = ar 2 and y 1 = b (a cos t, a sin t), (b sin t, − b cos t) and (1, 0).
(b) y (cos α + sin α) + x (sin α − cos α) = a
⇒ y 2 = br and y 3 = br 2 Let the coordinates of centroid be
where, r is a common ratio. (c) y (cosα + sin α) + x (sin α + cos α) = a
a cos t + b sin t + 1 (d) y (cosα + sin α) + x (cosα − sin α) = a
The given points will be A (a , b), B (ar, br) x=
3 Ans. (d)
and C (ar 2 , br 2 ).
b (r − 1) b ⇒ 3x − 1 = a cos t + b sin t …(i)
Now, slope of AB = = Since, line OA makes an angleα with
a (r − 1) a a sin t − b cos t + 0
and y= X-axis and given OA = a , then coordinates
3
b (r 2 − r) b of A are (a cos α, a sin α).
and slope of BC = = ⇒ 3y = a sin t − b cos t …(ii)
a (r 2 − r) a Also, OB ⊥ OA, then OB makes an angle
On squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii),
∴ Slope of AB = Slope of BC ⇒AB | | BC we get (90° + α) with X-axis, then coordinates of
But B is a common point. (3x − 1) 2 + (3y) 2 B are [a cos (90 ° + α), a sin (90 ° + α)].
So, A , B and C are collinear. = a 2 (cos2 t + sin2 t) + b 2 (sin2 t + cos2 t) i.e., (−a sin α, a cos α)
i.e., the points (x 1 , y 1 ), (x 2 , y 2 ) and (x 3 , y 3 ) ⇒ (3x − 1) 2 + (3y) 2 = a 2 + b 2 Equation of the diagonal AB not passing
lie on a straight line. [Qsin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1] through the origin is
78 If the equation of the locus of a ( y − a sin α)
80 If the pair of straight lines a cos α − a sin α
point equidistant from the points = (x − a cos α)
x 2 − 2pxy − y 2 = 0 and −a sin α − a cos α
(a 1 , b 1 ) and (a 2 , b2 ) is (a 1 − a 2 ) x +
x 2 − 2qxy − y 2 = 0 be such that each ⇒ (sin α + cos α)( y − a sin α)
(b 1 − b2 ) y + c = 0, then the value of c
pair bisects the angle between the = (sin α − cos α)(x − a cos α)
is [AIEEE 2003]
other pair, then [AIEEE 2003]
292 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ y (sin α + cos α) + x (cos α − sin α) Since, all sides of a triangle are equal, Ans. (165)
= a sin α (sin α + cos α) then the triangle is an equilateral
triangle.
− a cos α (sin α − cos α)
Also, incentre is same as centroid of the
= a (sin2 α + sin α cos α
triangle.
− cos α sin α + cos2 α)
Hence, coordinates of incentre are
∴ y (sin α + cos α) + x (cos α − sin α) = a
1 + 0 + 2 3 + 0 + 0 1
, i.e., 1, .
3 (x–1)2+(y–1)2=1 (x–9)2+(y–1)2=4
3 3
[a cos (90° + α), 3x+4y=α
a sin (90° + α)] B A (a cos α, 84 Three straight lines 2x + 11y − 5 = 0,
There are 2 possible cases
a sin α) 24x + 7 y − 20 = 0 and 4x − 3y − 2 = 0
90° 1. Both centres should lie on different
α (a) form a triangle [AIEEE 2002] sides of line.
O (b) are only concurrent 2. Line can be tangent also
(c) are concurrent with one line bisecting Centre of both the circles are (1, 1) and (9, 1)
the angle between the other two (3 + 4 − α) (27 + 4 − α) < 0
82 A triangle with vertices (4, 0), (d) None of the above
(–1, –1), (3, 5) is [AIEEE 2002] (7 − α) (31 − α) < 0
(a) isosceles and right angled
Ans. (c) α ∈(7,31) … (A)
(b) isosceles but not right angled The angle bisector for the given two P1 = Distance of line from centre (1, 1)
(c) right angled but not isosceles lines 24x + 7 y − 20 = 0 and 4x − 3y − 2 = 0, P1 ≥ r1
are |3 + 4 − α |
(d) neither right angled nor isosceles ≥1
24x + 7 y − 20 4x − 3y − 2 5
Ans. (a) =±
25 5 |7 − α | ≥ 5
Let the vertices of ∆ABC be Taking positive sign, we get
A (4, 0), B (−1, − 1) and C (3, 5). α ∈ (− ∞, 2] ∪ [12, ∞) … (B)
2x + 11y − 5 = 0
Now, AB = (−1 − 4) + (−1 − 0)
2 2
This equation of line is already given. Similarly, P2 = Distance of line from (9, 1)
= 25 + 1 = 26 |27 + 4 − α |
Therefore, the given three lines are ≥2
concurrent with one line bisecting the 5
BC = (3 + 1) 2 + (5 + 1) 2 = 42 + 62 angle between the other two. α ∈ (− ∞, 21] ∪ [41, ∞) … (C)
= 16 + 36 = 52 85 A straight line through the point Now, (A) ∩ (B) ∩ (C) ⇒ α ∈[12,21]
and CA = (4 − 3) + (0 − 5)
2 2 (2, 2) intersects the lines Sum= (12 + 13 + 14 + ... + 21)
3 x + y = 0 and 3x − y = 0 at the 21 × 22 11 × 12
= 1 + 25 = 26 = −
points A and B. The equation to the 2 2
∴ CA + AB 2 = ( 26) 2 + ( 26) 2 line AB so that the ∆OAB is
2
= 231 − 66 = 165
= 26 + 26 = 52 = BC 2 equilateral, is [AIEEE 2002]
(a) x − 2 = 0 (b) y − 2 = 0 87 Let B be the centre of the circle
⇒ CA 2 + AB 2 = BC 2
(c) x + y − 4 = 0 (d) None of these x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 4y + 1 = 0. Let the
Thus, the triangle is isosceles and right
angled triangle.
Ans. (b) tangents at two points P and Q on
Given lines 3x + y = 0 makes an angle of the circle intersect at the point Az
83 The incentre of the triangle with 120° with OX and 3x − y = 0 makes an
area ∆APQ
(3, 1). Then 8 is
vertices (1, 3), (0, 0) and (2, 0) is angle of 60° with OX.So, the required line area ∆BPQ
[AIEEE 2002] is y − 2 = 0. equal to [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
3 2 1
(a) 1, (b) , Ans. (18)
2 3 3 TOPIC 2
2 3 1
A (3, 1)
(c) , (d) 1, Circle and System of Circle
3 2 3
Ans. (d) 86 If the variable line 3x + 4y = α lies
Let the vertices of ∆ABC be A(1, 3), between the two circles Q R
B(0, 0) and C (2, 0). (x − 1) 2 + (y − 1) 2 = 1 and θ P
Again, leta = BC = (2 − 0) 2 + (0 − 0) 2 = 2 (x − 9) 2 + (y − 1) 2 = 4, without
B (1, –2)
intercepting a chord on either
b = AC = (2 − 1) 2 + (0 − 3) 2 = 2 circle, then the sum of all the
and c = AB = (0 − 1) 2 + (0 − 3) 2 = 2 integral values of α is
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
Coordinate Geometry 293
Radius = 1 + 4 − 1 = 2 1 − 239 1 + 239 C = {(x, y) ∈ Z × Z : (x − 2) 2 + (y − 2) 2 ≤ 4}
and p∈ ,
AB = 3 + 2 = 13
2 2
2 2 Y
In ∆ABP 1 − 239 1 − 39 (1, √3)
AP 2 = AB 2 − BP 2 = 13 − 4 = 9
p∈ , ∪
2 2
AP = 3 1 + 39 1 + 239 (1, –1)
AQ = AP = 3 ,
2 2 X′ X
Let ∠ABP = θ, ∠BAP = 90 − θ (1, 0) (2, 0)
2 2
In ∆ABP, tanθ =
3 1 − 39 1 + 239
⇒ p2 ∈ ,
2 2 2
(1, –√3)
3 2
sinθ = , cosθ = Q q = p , q ∈Z
2
13 13 y′
⇒ q = 7, 8, 9, 10,...,67
In ∆ARP, ∴ A ∩ B = {(0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0), (1, 1), (1, − 1)}
⇒ 61 integers in S
cos(90 − θ) =
AR
⇒AR = 3 sinθ n (A ∩ B) = 5
∴ n (S ) = 61
AP Similarly, n (A ∩ C) = 5
In ∆BRP Number of relation from (A ∩ B) to
89 Two circles each of radius 5 units
cosθ =
BR
⇒BR = 2cosθ (A ∩C) = 25 × 5 = 2p
touch each other at the point (1, 2).
BP ⇒ p = 25
1 If the equation of their common
× PQ × AR tangent is 4x + 3y = 10 and C 1 (α, β)
Area (∆APQ ) 2 91 The locus of a point, which moves
= =
Area (∆BPQ ) 1 × PQ × BR and C2 (γ, δ), C 1 ≠ C2 are their
such that the sum of squares of its
2 centres, then | (α + β) (γ + δ) | is
distances from the points (0, 0), (1,
AR 3 sin θ 9 equal to [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
= = = 0), (0, 1) (1, 1) is 18 units, is a circle of
RB 2 cos θ 4 Ans. (40) diameter (d) Then, d 2 is equal to
Area (∆APQ ) Equation of circles [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
⇒ 8 = 18
Area (∆BPQ ) (x − 1) 2 + (y – 2) 2 + λ (4x + 3y − 10) = 0 Ans. (16)
3
x 2 + y 2 + (2λ − 1) 2x + λ − 2 Let P (x, y) be the required point
88 Let the equation 2
Then,
x 2 + y 2 + px + (1 − p) y + 5 = 0 2y + 5 − 10 λ = 0 (x 2 + y 2 ) + [x 2 + (y − 1) 2 ] + [(x − 1) 2 + y 2 ]
2
represent circles of varying radius 3 + [(x − 1) 2 + (y − 1) 2 ] = 18
r = (2λ − 1) 2 + λ − 2 − 5 + 10 λ = 5
r ∈(0, 5]. Then, the number of 2 ⇒ 4 (x 2 + y 2 ) − 4y − 4x = 14
elements in the set S = {q : q = p2 9
⇒ 4λ2 + 1 − 4λ + λ2 + 4 − 6λ − 5 + 10 λ ⇒ x2 + y2 − x − y − = 0
7
and q is an integer} is 4 2
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] = 25 1 1
2
7
2
25 2 Radius = + + = 2
Ans. (61) ⇒ λ − 25 = 0 2 2 2
4
Given equation, Diameter = 2⋅ Radius = 4
⇒ λ=±2
x 2 + y 2 + px + (1 − p) y + 5 = 0 d 2 = 16
2 2 For λ = 2
p 1 − p
Radius, r = + −5 x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 2y − 15 = 0 , C 1 (− 3, − 1)
2 2 92 A circle C touches the line x = 2y at
For λ = −2
2p2 − 2p − 19 x 2 + y 2 − 10 x − 10 y + 25 = 0, C 2 (5, 5) the point (2,1) and intersects the
=
4 | (α + β)(γ + δ)| = |− 4 × 10 | = 40 circle C 1 : x 2 + y 2 + 2y − 5 = 0 at two
Now, r ∈(0, 5] points P and Q such that PQ is a
0< r≤ 5 90 Let Z be the set of all integers, diameter of C 1 . Then the diameter
2p2 − 2p − 19 A = {(x, y) ∈ Z × Z :(x − 2) 2 + y 2 ≤ 4}, of C is [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
⇒ 0< ≤5
4 (a) 7 5 (b) 15
B = {(x, y) ∈ Z × Z : x 2 + y 2 ≤ 4} and
2p2 − 2p − 19 (c) 285 (d) 4 15
⇒ 0< ≤ 25 C= {(x, y) ∈ Z × Z :(x − 2) 2 + (y − 2) 2 ≤ 4} Ans. (a)
4
⇒ 2p2 − 2p − 19 > 0 and
If the total number of relation CircleC touches x = 2y at (2, 1), then
2p2 − 2p − 19 ≤ 100 from A ∩ B to A ∩ B is 2 p , then the equation of circleC is given by
⇒ 2p2 − 2p − 19 > 0 and value of p is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II] (x − 2) 2 + (y − 1) 2 + λ (x − 2y) = 0
2p2 − 2p − 19 ≤ 100 (a) 16 (b) 25 ⇒x − 4x + 4 + y 2 − 2y + 1 + λx − 2λy = 0
2
19 (c) 49 (d) 9
⇒ p2 − p − > 0 and 2p2 − 2p − 119 ≤ 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + (λ − 4) x + (− 2 − 2λ) y + 5 = 0
2 Ans. (b) … (i)
1 − 39 1 + 39 A = {(x, y) ∈ Z × Z : (x − 2) 2 + y 2 ≤ 4} Since circlesC and C 1 intersect each
⇒ p∈ − ∞, ∪ , ∞
2 2 B = {(x, y) ∈ Z × Z : x 2 + y 2 ≤ 4} other at PQ, so PQ is common chor(d)
294 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
∴Equation of PQ will beC − C 1 = 0 1
∴ AC = 2 × = 2 95 Let A = {(x, y) ∈R× R |
⇒ x (λ − 4) + y (− 4 − 2λ) + 10 = 0 2
2x 2 + 2y 2 − 2x − 2y = 1},
Again PQ is diameter of circleC 1 . ∴ ∆OAC ~= ∆OAM
So, PQ passes through centre of C 1 . ∆OAC ~= ∆OBC B = {x, y) ∈R× R |
Now, equation of C 1 is ∆OBC ~= ∆ODM 4x 2 + 4y 2 − 16y + 7 = 0}
x 2 + y 2 + 2y − 5 = 0 ∴ Area of ∆ABD = 4 Area of ∆ACO C = {(x, y) ∈R × R |
∴Centre of C 1 is (0, − 1). 1
= 4 × (AO × AC × sin θ)
x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 2y + 5 ≤ r 2 }
So, PQ passes through (0, − 1) 2 Then the minimum value of |r| such
∴ 0 (λ − 4) − 1(− 4 − 2λ) + 10 = 0 1 that A ∪ B ⊆ C is equal to
=2×2× 2 × =4
⇒ 4 + 2λ + 10 = 0 2 [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
⇒ λ=−7 3 + 10 2 + 10
94 Let P and Q be two distinct points (a) (b)
On putting λ = − 7 in Eq. (i), we get 2 2
equation of circleC as
on a circle which has center at
3+ 2 5
C(2,3) and which passes through (c) (d) 1 + 5
x 2 + y 2 − 11x + 12y + 5 = 0 2
2 origin O. If OC is perpendicular to
11 Ans. (c)
∴Radius of C = + (− 6) 2 − 5 both the line segments CP and CQ,
2 A ⇒2x 2 + 2y 2 − 2x − 2y = 1
then the set {P,Q} is equal to
12
= + 36 − 5 [2021, 27 July Shift-I] ⇒ 2(x 2 − x) + 2(y 2 − y) = 1
2 x 2 − x + −
4 (a) {(4, 0), (0, 6)} 1 1
⇒
245 245 (b) {(2 + 2 2,3 − 3),(2 − 2 2,3 + 5)} 4 4
= =
+ 2 y 2 − y + − = 1
4 2 1 1
(c) {(2 + 2 2,3 + 5),(2 − 2 2,3 − 5)
∴Diameter of C = 2 × Radius 4 4
(d) {(−1, 5), (5, 1)} 2 2
= 245 = 7 5 1 1 1 1
Ans. (d) ⇒ 2 x − − + 2 y − − = 1
2 2 2 2
Y
93 Two tangents are drawn from the 1
2
1
2
⇒ x − + y − = 1
point P (−1, 1) to the circle P 2 2
x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 6y + 6 = 0. If these 1 1
Here, C 1 = , and r1 = 1
tangents touch the circle at points 2 2
C (2, 3)
A and B, and if D is a point on the ⇒ 4x 2 + 4y 2 − 16y + 7 = 0
circle such that length of the ⇒ 4(y − 4y + 4 − 4) + 4x 2 + 7 = 0
2
X
segments AB and AD are equal, O Q ⇒ 4(y − 2) 2 + 4x 2 + 7 − 16 = 0
then the area of the ∆ ABD is equal 9
⇒ x 2 + (y − 2) 2 =
to [2021, 27 July Shift-I] 4
(a) 2 (b) (3 2 + 2) Equation of circle is 3
Here C 2 = (0,2) and r2 =
(c) 4 (d) 3( 2 − 1) (x − 2) 2 + (y − 3) 2 = (2 − 0) 2 + (3 − 0) 2 2
Ans. (c) ⇒(x − 2) 2 + (y − 3) 2 = 13 C ⇒x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 2y + 5 ≤ r 2
C : x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 6y + 6 = 0 3−0 3 (x − 2) 2 + (y − 1) 2 ≤ r 2
Slope of OC = =
(x − 1) 2 + (y − 3) 2 = 22 2−0 2 Here, C 3 = (2,1)
A 2
∴Slope of PQ = − = tanθ
3
θ
Points at a distance of 13 units from O A
P(–1, 1) θ c2
2
C O with slope = −
3 c1 c3
D x 2 = x 1 ± r cos θ B
B Using,
AP = Length of tangent = S 1 y 2 = y 1 ± r sin θ
⇒ AP 2 = (− 1 − 1) 2 + (1 − 3) 2 − 4 3
So, x 2 = 2 ± 13 =2± 3
⇒ AP 2 = 4 + 4 − 4 13
∴ AP = 2 ∴ x 2 : { 5, − 1} 9
AO 2 −2 At (2, 1) circle of B, S B = 22 + (1 − 2) 2 −
tanθ = = =1 (∴θ = 45°) y 2 :3 ± 13 = 3 ± (− 2) 4
AP 2 13 9 11
=4+ 1− = >0
In ∆ACO, ∴ y 2 : { 1, 5} 4 4
AC
= cosθ ∴ Point will be (5, 1) or (− 1, 5). 1 9 5
AO C 1C 2 = + =
4 4 2
Coordinate Geometry 295
C 2C 3 = 4 + 1 = 5 When x = 0, = 27 + 18(cos θ − sinθ)
9 1 5 36 y 2 + 120 y + C = 0 = 3 3 + 2(cos θ − sin θ)
C 1C 3 = + = Since, it neither touch the coordinate
4 4 2 Maximum radius will be when (
axis nor intersects. So, the roots of this cos θ − sin θ) is maximum i.e.
r3 ≥ C 2 C 3 + r2 equation must be imaginary. 1 1 2
[∴C 2 C 3 > C 1C 2 and C 1C 3 ] D<0 cos θ − sin θ = − − = = 2
2 2 2
3 3+ 2 5 ⇒ 120 2 − 4⋅36C < D
| r| ≥ 5 + ⇒ | r| ≥
2 2 120 × 120 ∴ r1 = rmax = 3 3 + 2 / 2
⇒ C>
4 × 36 Minimum radius will be when
96 Consider a circle C which touches C > 100 …(i) (cos θ − sin θ) is minimum i.e. − 2.
the Y-axis at (0, 6) and cuts off an Similarly, when y = 0, 36x 2 − 108x + C = 0 ∴ r2 = rmin = 3 3 − 2 2
intercept 6 5 on the X-axis. Then 1082 − 4⋅36 C < 0 r1 r2
Given, = a + b 2, then 12 = (a + b 2) 2
the radius of the circle C is equal to ⇒ C > 81 …(ii) r2 r2
[2021, 27 July Shift-II] From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
9(3 + 2 2)
(a) 53 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 82 ⇒ C > 100 ⇒ = (a + b 2) 2
9(3 − 2 2)
Ans. (b) x − 2y = 4
and point of intersection of is (3 + 2 2) (3 + 2 2)
Let a circleC which touches theY-axis at 2x − y = 5 ⇒ = (a + b 2) 2
(3 − 2 2) (3 + 2 2)
(0, 6) and cuts off an intercept6 5 on the (2, −1).
So, S (2 , 1 ) < 0 (3 + 2 2) 2
X-axis. ⇒ = (a + b 2) 2
2 2 1
1 2 C 9 25
+ + − − <0 Comparing coefficients, a = 3, b = 2
2 3 36 4 9
∴ a+b=5
C < 156
C ∈(100, 156) 99 Choose the correct statement
(0, 6) O about two circles whose equations
98 Let r1 and r2 be the radii of the are given below.
r
largest and smallest circles, x 2 + y 2 − 10x − 10y + 41 = 0
A P B respectively, which pass through x 2 + y 2 − 22 x − 10y + 137 = 0
6√5 the point (−4, 1) and having their [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
centres on the circumference of (a) circles have same centre
Chord AB = 6 5 the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 4y − 4 = 0. If (b) circles have no meeting point
So, AP = 3 5 (perpendicular from centre r1 (c) circles have only one meeting point
= a + b 2, then a + b is equal to
bisects the chord) r2 (d) circles have two meeting points
and OP = 6 [2021, 20 July Shift-II] Ans. (c)
In ∆APO, r 2 = 62 + (3 5) 2 = 36 + 45 (a) 3 (b) 11
Given, equation of circles
(c) 5 (d) 7
⇒ r 2 = 81 ⇒ r =9 x 2 + y 2 − 10 x − 10 y + 41 = 0 …(i)
Ans. (c)
x 2 + y 2 − 22x − 10 y + 137 = 0 …(ii)
97 Let the circle Given, circle ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 4y − 4 = 0 Centre (C 1 ) and radius (r1 ) of Eq. (i) are
S :36x 2 + 36y 2 − 108x + 120y + C = 0 ⇒(x 2 + 2x + 1) + (y 2 + 4y + 4) C 1 = (5, 5) and r1 = 3
be such that it neither intersects − 1−4−4=0
and centre (C 2 ) and radius (r2 ) of Eq. (ii)
nor touches the coordinate axes. If ⇒(x + 1) 2 + (y + 2) 2 = 9 are
the point of intersection of the Any point on the given circle be C 2 = (11, 5) and r2 = 3
lines x − 2y = 4 and 2x − y = 5 lies [(3 cos θ − 1), (3 sin θ − 2)]
inside the circle S, then [to find the point coordinates, take
[2021, 22 July Shift-II] x + 1 = 3 cosθ and y + 2 = 3 sinθ] r1 r2
25 13 Now, circle passes through (− 4, 1) and C1 C2
(a) <C < (b) 100 < C < 165 their centres lie on the given circle.
9 3
(c) 81 < C < 156 (d) 100 < C < 156 So, the centre coordinate of that circle
be (3 cos θ − 1, 3 sin θ − 2). Since, it passes We observe that,
Ans. (d) through (− 4, 1), then radius of this circle
S ⇒36x + 36y − 108x + 120 y + C = 0
2 2
be C 1C 2 = distance between centres
= (11 − 5) 2 + (5 − 5) 2 = 6 = r1 + r2
r = (3 cosθ − 1 + 4) 2 + (3 sin θ − 2 − 1) 2
x 2 + y 2 − 3x + y +
10 C
=0 ∴Circles Eqs. (i) and (ii) touch each other
3 36 9 cos2 θ + 9 + 18 cosθ + 9 sin2 θ + 9 externally.
2 2 =
3 5 C 9 25 − 18 sin θ Hence, circles have only one meeting
x − + y + + − − =0
2 3 36 4 9 point.
296 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
100 For the four circles M, N, O and P, Let centre of variable circle be P (h, k) and Now, it is also given that centre lies on
radius be r. x − 2y = 4.
following four equations are given
From the given data, it is clear that given So, coordinates of centre will be the
Circle M : x 2 + y 2 = 1 circles touch each other internally. x + 2y = 12
solution of ⇒x = 8, y = 2
Circle N : x 2 + y 2 − 2x = 0 Hence, variable circle touches S 1 x − 2y = 4
internally and S 2 externally as shown in
Circle O : x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y + 1 = 0 figure below. Radius will be the distance between (8, 2)
and (2, 5)
Circle P : x 2 + y 2 − 2y = 0 Y
r 2 = (8 − 2) 2 + (2 − 5) 2
If the centre of circle M is joined ⇒ r 2 = 36 + 9 ⇒ r = 45 = 3 5
with centre of the circle N, further S1
centre of circle N is joined with 103 Choose the incorrect statement
centre of the circle O, centre of P about the two circles whose
circle O is joined with the centre of equations are given below
X
circle P and lastly, centre of circle X′
C1 C2 x 2 + y 2 − 10x − 10y + 41 = 0
P is joined with centre of circle M, and x 2 + y 2 − 16x − 10y + 80 = 0
then these lines form the sides of S2 [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
a [2021, 18 March Shift-I] (a) Distance between two centres is the
(a) rhombus (b) square average of radii of both the circles.
(c) rectangle (d) parallelogram (b) Both circles' centres lie inside region
Y′ of one another.
Ans. (b)
(c) Both circles pass through the centre
Given, M ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 1, its centre Clearly, PC 1 = 3 − r of each other.
O1 ≡ (0, 0) and PC 2 = 1 + r (d) Circles have two intersection points.
N ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2x = 0, its centre O2 ≡ (1, 0) and C 1C 2 = 2 Ans. (b)
O ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y + 1 = 0, its centre ∴ PC 1 + PC 2 = 4
C 1 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 10 x − 10 y + 41 = 0
O3 ≡ (1, 1) which is greater thanC 1C 2 .
(x − 5) 2 + (y − 5) 2 + 41 = 25 + 25
P ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2y = 0, its centre O4 ≡ (0, 1) Hence, locus of P is an ellipse whose foci ⇒ Centre = (5, 5) and Radius = 3
We see that, are C 1 and C 2 and major axis is2a = 4. ⇒ (x − 5) 2 + (y − 5) 2 = 32
Y and 2ae = C 1C 2 = 2 C 2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 16x − 10 y + 80 = 0
1 (x − 8) 2 + (y − 5) 2 + 80 = 64 + 25
⇒ e=
2 ⇒ (x − 8) 2 + (y − 5) 2 = 32
O4(0, 1) O3 (1, 1) ⇒ Centre = (8, 5) and Radius = 3
b 2 = 4 1 − = 3
1
⇒ Now, distance between centres
4
= (8 − 5) 2 + (5 − 5) 2 = 3
Centre is mid-point ofC 1 (0, 0) andC 2 (2, 0).
X ∴Centre of ellipse is (1, 0). 3+3
O1(0, 0) O2 (1, 0) Average radii = =3
(x − 1) 2 y 2 2
O1 O2 = O2 O3 = O3 O4 = O4 O1 and O1 O3 = O2 O4 + = 1 is the equation of locus ∴ Option (a) is correct.
4 3
Hence, O1 O2 O3 O4 form a square. of centre of variable circle which is C 1 (8, 5) = (8 − 5) 2 + (5 − 5) 2 − 9 = 0
3 C 2 (5, 5) = (5 − 8) 2 + (5 − 5) 2 − 9 = 0
satisfied by 2, ± .
101 Let S 1 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 9 and 2 Centres of each other lies on
S2 ⇒ (x − 2) 2 + y 2 = 1. Then the circumference of each other.
locus of center of a variable circle S 102 The line 2x − y + 1 = 0 is a tangent to Hence, (b) is incorrect statement.
which touches S 1 internally and S2 the circle at the point (2, 5) and the 104 The minimum distance between
externally always passes through centre of the circle lies on any two points P1 and P2 while
the points [2021, 18 March Shift-II] x − 2y = 4. Then, the radius of the considering point P1 on one circle
1 5 circle is [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
(a) (0, ± 3) (b) , ± and point P2 on the other circle for
2 2 (a) 3 5 (b) 5 3 the given circles equations
3 (c) 5 4 (d) 4 5
(c) 2, ± (d) (1, ± 2) x 2 + y 2 − 10x − 10y + 41 = 0
2 Ans. (a)
x 2 + y 2 − 24x − 10y + 160 = 0 is ………
Ans. (c) Given,2x − y + 1 = 0 is a tangent to the
circle at (2, 5) . [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
Given, S 1 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 9 (y − 5) − 1 Ans. (1)
S 2 ⇒(x − 2) 2 + y 2 = 1 So, normal at (2, 5) will be =
(x − 2) 2 C 1 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 10 x − 10 y + 41 = 0
∴ C 1 ≡ (0, 0) and r1 = 3 ⇒ (x − 5) 2 + (y − 5) 2 = 32
⇒ 2y − 10 = − x + 2
C 2 ≡ (2, 0), r2 = 1 C 2 ⇒ x + y − 24x − 10 y + 160 = 0
2 2
⇒ x + 2y = 12
Coordinate Geometry 297
⇒ (x − 12) 2 + (y − 5) 2 = 32 A E B Ans. (c)
x 2 + y 2 + ax + 2ay + c = 0 (a < 0)
r N
For a circle in standard form
O x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
5,5 8,5 9,5 12,5
1 unit x-intercept = 2 g 2 − c
y-intercept = 2 f 2 − c
θ
∴ Minimum distance = 1 unit. Here, 2g = a ⇒g = a /2
D C 2f = 2a ⇒f = a
105 Let ABCD be a square of side of
In ∆OCN, we have a2
unit length. Let a circle C 1 centred x-intercept ⇒2 − c =2 2
ON 4
at A with unit radius is drawn. = sinθ
OC a2
Another circle C2 , which touches C 1 ⇒ − c =2 … (i)
2−1 1 4
and the lines AD and AB are tangent ⇒ = = sinθ ⇒ θ = π /6
2( 2 − 1) 2 y-intercept ⇒ 2 a 2 − c = 2 5
to it, is also drawn. Let a tangent
In ∆EBC, we have a2 − c = 5 … (ii)
line from the point C to the circle C2 EB
meet the side AB at E. If the length = tan15° Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
BC
of EB is α + 3 β, where α, β are 3 2
EB = (tan 15° ) BC a =3
integers, then α + β is equal to …… . 4
= (tan 15° ) [QBC = 1 unit]
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] ⇒ a2 = 4 ⇒ a = ± 2
A E B
Ans. (1) As, a < 0, so, a = − 2, c = − 1
A E B So, x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y − 1 = 0
(x − 1) 2 + (y − 2) 2 − 1 = 1 + 4
⇒ (x − 1) 2 + (y − 2) 2 = 6
30° 15° Centre (1, 2), Radius = 6
Equation of tangent is perpendicular to
45° x + 2y = 0.
D C So, equation of tangent will be
2x – y + λ = 0
D C Now,
Now, perpendicular distance of this line
2 tanθ
tan2θ = from (1, 2) will be 6 units.
Given, EB = α + 3 β 1 − tan2 θ
|2 .1 − 2 + λ |
Let O be the centre of circle C 2 . 2 tan 15° = 6
∴ tan30 ° = 5
A Q E B 1 − tan2 15°
⇒ λ = ± 30
⇒ 1 − tan2 15° = 2 3 tan 15°
So, T ⇒ 2x − y ± 30 = 0
R
O ⇒ tan2 15° + 2 3 tan 15° − 1 = 0 Now, shortest distance from origin (0, 0)
−2 3 ± 12 + 4 to tangentT will be
P tan15° =
2 . − 0 ± 30 |
| 20 30
= = 6
tan15° = − 3 + 2 2 +1
2 2
5
D C ∴ EB = 2 − 3 = α + 3 β
α = 2, β = − 1
107 If the locus of the mid-point of the
OQ + OR = AO
2 2 2
∴ α + β = 2 + (− 1) = 1
line segment from the point (3, 2)
⇒ AO + OP = AP = 1
to a point on the circle, x 2 + y 2 = 1
⇒ AO + r = 1
106 Let the lengths of intercepts on is a circle of radius r, then r is equal
OQ 2 + OR 2 = AO2
X-axis and Y-axis made by the to [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
⇒ r 2 + r 2 = (1 − r) 2
circle x 2 + y 2 + ax + 2ay + c = 0, 1
⇒ 2r 2 = r 2 + 1 − 2r (a) 1 (b)
(a < 0) be 2 2 and 2 5, respectively. 2
⇒ r + 2r + 1 = 1 + 1
2
1 1
⇒ (r + 1) 2 = 2 Then, the shortest distance from (c) (d)
3 4
⇒ r + 1= 2 ⇒ r = 2 − 1 origin to a tangent to this circle Ans. (b)
As, AO = 1 − r which is perpendicular to the line
Given, circle x 2 + y 2 = 1
AC = 2 x + 2y = 0, is equal to
Let (h, k) be the mid-point of line
So, OC = AC − AO [2021, 16 March Shift-II]
segment from point (3, 2) to a point on
= 2 − (1 − 2 + 1) = 2( 2 − 1) (a) 11 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 10 circle. Let point on circle be (a, b).
298 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
a +3 109 In the circle given below, let OA = 1 110 Let a point P be such that its
Then, h=
2 unit, OB = 13 unit and PQ ⊥ OB. distance from the point (5, 0) is
⇒ a = 2h − 3 Then, the area of the triangle PQB thrice the distance of P from the
b+2 (in square units) is point (− 5, 0). If the locus of the
k=
2 [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] point P is a circle of radius r, then
⇒ b = 2k − 2
Y 4r 2 is equal to ……… .
P [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
Q (a, b) is point on circle, then
Ans. (56.25)
(a) 2 + (b) 2 = 1 X Let P be (h, k), A(5, 0) and B(− 5, 0).
O A B
⇒ (2h − 3) + (2k − 2) 2 = 1
2
Given PA = 3PB
3
2
1 1
2
Q ⇒ PA 2 = 9PB 2
⇒ h − + (k − 1) 2 = =`
2 4 2 ⇒(h − 5) 2 + k 2 = 9[(h + 5) 2 + k 2 ]
(a) 24 2 (b) 24 3 (c) 26 3 (d) 26 2 ⇒8h2 + 8k 2 + 100h + 200 = 0
Which is an equation of circle with
25
1 Ans. (b) ∴Locus of P is x 2 + y 2 + x + 25 = 0
radius . 2
2 Given, OA = 1 unit, OB = 13 unit − 25
∴ Radius = .
1 Centre = , 0
Since, OB is diameter of circle. 4
2 13
Then, radius (r) = = 6.5 unit − 25
2
2 and r 2 = + 0 − 25
2
108 Let A(1, 4) and B(1, –5) be two points. Y 4
Let P be a point on the circle 625 225
= − 25 =
(x − 1) 2 + (y − 1) 2 = 1, such that P 16 16
(PA) 2 + (PB) 2 have maximum ∴ 4r = 4 ×
2 225 225
= = 5625
.
value, then the points P, A and B B 16 4
X′ X
lie on [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II] O A C
(a) a straight line
111 If one of the diameters of the circle
(b) a hyperbola x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 6y + 6 = 0 is a chord
Q
(c) an ellipse of another circle ‘C’, whose centre
(d) a parabola Y′ is at (2, 1), then its radius is ............
Ans. (a) Draw a line joining points P and C, where . [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
C is the centre of the given circle.
P be a point on circle Ans. (3)
Then, PC = radius of circle = 6.5 units
(x − 1) 2 + (y − 1) 2 = 1 Given, circle ⇒x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 6y + 6 = 0
OC = radius of circle = 6.5 units
So, coordinate of P will be of Coordinate of C = (1, 3)
form P(1 + cosθ, 1 + sinθ) Now, AC = OC − OA = 6.5 − 1 = 5.5 units Radius = r = 12 + 32 − 6 = 4 = 2 units
Given, Then, using Pythagoras theorem,
A(1, 4) and B(1, − 5) (PA) 2 = (PC) 2 − (AC) 2
Then, (PA) 2 + (PB) 2 = (6.5) 2 − (5.5) 2
= cos2 θ + (sinθ − 3) 2 + cos2 θ + (sinθ + 6) 2 = (6.5 − 5.5) (6.5 + 5.5) (1, 3) B
A
= 2 cos2 θ + 2 sin2 θ − 6 sinθ + 12 sinθ + 45 = (1) (12) = 12 2 2
√5
= 47 + 6 sinθ ∴ PA = 12
Now, Then, PQ = 2PA = 2 12
1 C
(PA) 2 + (PB) 2 = 47 + 6 sinθ is Hence, area of ∆PQB = × (Base) (2, 1)
2
Maximum, when sinθ = 1 × (Height)
π 1
= × (PQ ) × (AB)
⇒ θ=
2 2
1
⇒ cosθ = 0 = × (PQ ) × (OB − OA) CD = (2 − 1) 2 + (1 − 3) 2
2
P (1, 2), A (1, 4), B (1, − 5) 1 = 1+ 4 = 5
= × (2 12) × (13 − 1)
∴P, A, B are collinear points on the line 2 Now, by using Pythagoras theorem in
x=1 = 12 12 = 24 3 sq. units ∆ADC,
Coordinate Geometry 299
AC 2 = AD 2 + CD 2 ⇒ k = 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 Ans. (7)
= (2) 2 + ( 5) 2 = 4 + 5 ∴ number of integral values of k is 9. Equation of given circle is x 2 + y 2 = 9
AC 2 = 9 So, let end point of diameter PQ are
AC = 9 = 3
114 The diameter of the circle, whose P(3 cos θ, 3 sinθ) and Q (–3 cos θ, − 3 sin θ).
∴Required radius = 3
centre lies on the line x + y = 2 in Now, the lengths of the perpendiculars
the first quadrant and which from P and Q on the straight line, x + y = 2
112 For which of the following curves, touches both the lines x = 3 and are respectively.
|3 cos θ + 3 sinθ –2 |
the line x + 3y = 2 3 is the y = 2, is ........... . α=
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I] 2
tangent at the point 3 3 , 1 ? Ans. (3.00) and β=
|–3 cosθ –3 sinθ –2 |
2 2 Since, it is given that centre of the circle
2
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] lines on the line x + y = 2, so let the |(3 cosθ + 3 sinθ)2 –22 |
1 ∴ αβ =
(a) x 2 + y 2 = 7 (b) y 2 = x centre is (h, 2 − h) lies in the first 2
6 3 quadrant, so h> 0 and 2 − h > 0 ⇒ 0 < h < 2 |9 –4 + 9 sin2θ | |5 + 9 sin2θ |
= =
(c) 2x 2 − 18y 2 = 9 (d) x 2 + 9y 2 = 9 And the circle touches the lines x = 3 and 2 2
Ans. (d) y = 2, so radius Since, maximum value ofαβ, if sin2θ = 1
r = |h − 3 | = |2 − h − 2 |
Given, line x + 3y = 2 3 5+ 9
3 ∴ αβ|max = =7
⇒ r = |h − 3 | = |h| ⇒ h = 2
3 3 1 2
and point ,
2 2 3
∴ r = ⇒diameter of the circle = 3 117 The circle passing through the
2
From options, we take the conic intersection of the circles,
x 2 + 9y 2 = 9 Hence, answer 3.00 is correct.
x 2 + y 2 − 6x = 0 and x 2 + y 2 − 4y = 0,
Equation of any tangent at (x 1 , y 1 ) is having its centre on the line,
xx 1 + 9⋅ yy 1 = 9
115 Let the latus rectum of the
parabola y 2 = 4x be the common 2x − 3y + 12 = 0, also passes through
3 3 1
⇒ x + 9× × y =9 chord to the circles C 1 and C2 each the point [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II]
2 2
of them having radius 2 5. Then, (a) (−1, 3) (b) (−3, 1)
3 3 1
Q(x 1 , y 1 ) = , (c) (1, − 3) (d) (−3, 6)
2 2
the distance between the centres
Ans. (d)
of the circles C 1 and C2 is
3 3 Equation of circle passing through the
⇒ (x + 3y) = 9 [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
2 intersection of the circles x 2 + y 2 − 6x = 0
(a) 8 (b) 4 5
9×2 and x 2 + y 2 − 4y = 0, is
⇒ x + 3y = (c) 8 5 (d) 12
(x 2 + y 2 − 6x) + λ (x 2 + y 2 − 4y) = 0, (λ ≠ −1)
3 3 Ans. (a) ⇒ (1 + λ) x 2 + (1 + λ) y 2 − 6x − 4λy = 0,
⇒ x + 3y = 2 3 Let AB is the latus rectum of parabola 3 2λ
having centreC , and the
Clearly, x + 3y = 2 3 is a tangent to the y 2 = 4x having length 4. 1+ λ 1+ λ
curve x 2 + 9y 2 = 9. A
centre ‘C ’ lies on the lies on the line
r=2
r √5 2x − 3y + 12 = 0, so
113 The number of integral values of k P 6 6λ
M N − + 12 = 0
for which the line, 3x + 4y = k 1+ λ 1+ λ
intersects the circle, ⇒ 1 − λ + 2λ + 2 = 0 ⇒ λ = −3.
x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y + 4 = 0 at two C1
B
C2 So, equation of required circle is
distinct points is…… 2x 2 + 2y 2 + 6x − 12y = 0
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] From the figure as AB divides MN equally, ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 3x − 6y = 0 …(i)
Ans. (9) So, MN = 2MP = 2 AM2 − PA 2 as from the given options circle (i) passes
Since, the line3x + 4y = k intersects the AB = 2PA through the point (−36 , ).
circle = 2 (2 5) 2 − 22 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y + 4 = 0 118 If the length of the chord of the
Hence, option (a) is correct.
⇒(x − 1) + (y − 2) = 1 at two distinct
2 2 circle, x 2 + y 2 = r 2 (r > 0) along the
points, so perpendicular distance from line, y − 2x = 3 is r, then r 2 is equal
116 Let PQ be a diameter of the circle
centre (1, 2) to the line3x + 4y − k = 0 to [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
x 2 + y 2 = 9. If α and β are the 9 24 12
must be less than the radius 1. lengths of the perpendiculars from (a) (b) 12 (c) (d)
5 5 5
3+ 8−k P and Q on the straight line, x + y = 2
∴ <1 Ans. (d)
9 + 16 respectively, then the maximum
Equation of given circle
⇒ |11 − k | < 5 ⇒(k − 11) ∈(− 5, 5) value of αβ is ……… .
x2 + y2 = r2 …(i)
⇒ k∈(6, 16) [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II]
and the chord y = 2x + 3 …(ii)
300 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
From the figure Ans. (d) Now, for intercept, made by circle (ii)
with line (i)
Since equation of tangent to the circle
x2+y2=r 2 1 1
x 2 + y 2 = 1 at point , isT = 0. x2+y2=16
C (0, 0) 2 2 (0, 0)
x y
r d ⇒ + =1 4
2 2 d
A r/2 M r/2 B y=2x+3 ⇒ x+y= 2 …(i) A B x+y=n, n 0 N
Q Line L1 : x + y = 2 is perpendicular to
AB = r [given] line n
d<4 ⇒ <4
r2 3 3 y = mx + c, so m = 1, since line y = mx + c 2
d= r – = r and d =
2
4 2 1+ 4 is tangent to the circle (x − 3) 2 + y 2 = 1, [Qd = perpendicular distance from (0, 0)
3 3 12 where m = 1, then y = x + c is equivalent to the line x + y = n and it equal to
∴ = r ⇒r 2 = .
2 5 to y = 1(x − 3) ± 1 1 + 12 . |0 + 0 − n | n
5 =
12 + 12 2
So, c = −3 ± 2
119 Let the tangents drawn from the ⇒ n< 4 2 …(iii)
⇒ c +3=± 2
origin to the circle, ⇒ (c + 3) 2 = 2 Q n ∈N , so n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
x 2 + y 2 − 8x − 4y + 16 = 0 touch ⇒ c + 6c + 9 = 2
2
Clearly, length of chord AB = 2 42 − d 2
it at the points A and B. The (AB) 2 is ⇒ c 2 + 6c + 7 = 0 n2 n
equal to [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II] Hence, option (d) is correct. = 2 16 − Qd = 2
56 52 64 32 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5 121 If the curves, x 2 − 6x + y 2 + 8 = 0 and ∴Sum of square of all possible lengths of
Ans. (c) chords (for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
x 2 − 8y + y 2 + 16 − k = 0, (k > 0) touch
1
The equation of chord of contact AB to each other at a point, then the = 4 (16 × 5) − (12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52 )
circle x 2 + y 2 − 8x − 4y + 16 = 0 w.r.t 2
largest value of k is ........ .
point origin (0, 0) isT = 0 = 320 − 2
5(6)(11)
= 320 − 110 = 210
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
A 6
Ans. (36)
2
As the given curves, x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 8 = 0 123 The tangent and the normal lines at
C (4, 2) M F (0, 0) and x 2 + y 2 − 8y + 16 − k = 0 , (k > 0)
the point ( 3, 1) to the circle
2 touches each other at a point, then
x 2 + y 2 = 4 and the X-axis form a
B Distance between centre of circles
triangle. The area of this triangle (in
= Sum of radii or difference of radii
x +y2–8x–4y+16=0
2 square units) is
⇒ C 1C 2 = | r1 ± r2 |
[2019, 8 April Shift-II]
⇒ 0 x + 0 y − 4(x + 0) − 2(y + 0) + 16 = 0
⇒ (3 − 0) 2 + (0 − 4) 2 = | 9 − 8 1 4
⇒ 2x + y − 8 = 0 …(i) (a) (b)
± 16 − 16 + k | 3 3
In right angled triangle AMC,
2 1
|2(4) + 2 − 8 | 2 ⇒ 5 = |1 ± k | (c) (d)
CM = = 3 3
22 + 12 5 ⇒ 1± k = ± 5
Ans. (c)
Q AM2 = CA 2 − CM2 2 ⇒ ± k = 4, − 6
2 ⇒ k = 16 or 36 LetT = 0 and N = 0 represents the
4 16
= 22 − =4− = tangent and normal lines at the point
5 5 5 ∴ Largest value of k is 36.
4 P( 3, 1) to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4.
⇒ AM = Hence answer is 36.
5 2 Y
2 × 4 64
Q AB 2 = (2AM) 2 = = 122 The sum of the squares of the N=0
5 5 P
lengths of the chords intercepted
120 If a line, y = mx + c is a tangent to on the circle, x 2 + y 2 = 16, by the T=0
lines, x + y = n, n ∈ N, where N is the
the circle, (x − 3) 2 + y 2 = 1 and it is X
set of all natural numbers, is O M A
perpendicular to a line L 1 , where L 1
[2019, 8 April Shift-I]
is the tangent to the circle,
1 1 (a) 320 (b) 105
x 2 + y 2 = 1 at the point , ; (c) 160 (d) 210 x2+y2=4
2 2
Ans. (d)
then [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
So, equation of tangent (T = 0) is
Given equation of line is x + y = n,n∈N …(i)
(a) c 2 + 7c + 6 = 0 (b) c 2 − 6c + 7 = 0 3x + y = 4
and equation of circle is x 2 + y 2 = 16 …(ii) …(i)
(c) c 2 − 7c + 6 = 0 (d) c 2 + 6c + 7 = 0
Coordinate Geometry 301
For point A, put y = 0, we get Ans. (b) (a) no values of K
4 Given points are (−8, 5) and (6, 5) in which (b) exactly one value of K
x=
3 y-coordinate is same, i.e. these points lie (c) exactly two values of K
1 on horizontal line y = 5. (d) infinitely many values of K
Q Area of required ∆OPA = (OA)(PM)
2 3y=x+7 Ans. (a)
1 4
= × ×1 Equation of given circles
2 3 x 2 + y 2 + 5Kx + 2y + K = 0 …(i)
(–8, β) (6, β)
[QPM = y-coordinate of P] and 2(x 2 + y 2 ) + 2Kx + 3y − 1 = 0
2 3 1
= sq unit ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + Kx + y − = 0 …(ii)
3 2 2
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
124 If a tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 1 1 1
(–8, 5) (6, 5) 4Kx + y + K + = 0
intersects the coordinate axes at 2 2
distinct points P and Q, then the ⇒ 8Kx + y + (2K + 1) = 0 …(iii)
locus of the mid-point of PQ is [Qif S 1 = 0 and S 2 = 0 be two circles, then
[2019, 9 April Shift-I] Let (−8,β) and (6, β) are the coordinates of their common chord is given by
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 2x2 y2 = 0 the other vertices of rectangle as shown S 1 − S 2 = 0.]
(b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 xy = 0 in the figure. Eq. (iii) represents equation of common
(c) x 2 + y 2 − 4x2 y 2 = 0 Since, the mid-point of line joining points chord as it is given that circles (i) and (ii)
(d) x 2 + y 2 − 16 x 2 y 2 = 0 (−8, 5) and (6, β) lies on the line3y = x + 7. intersects each other at points P and Q.
5 + β −8 + 6 Since, line4x + 5y − K = 0 passes
Ans. (c) ∴ 3 = +7
2 2 through point P and Q.
Equation of given circle is x 2 + y 2 = 1, 8K 1 2K + 1 1
then equation of tangent at the point ⇒ 15 + 3β = − 2 + 14 ∴ = = ⇒K =
4 5 −K 10
(cosθ,sinθ) on the given circle is ⇒ 3β = − 3 [equating first and second terms]
x cos θ + y sinθ = 1 …(i) ⇒ β = −1 and −K = 10K + 5
[QEquation of tangent at the point Now, area of rectangle = |−8 − 6 | × |β − 5 | [equating second and third terms]
P(cosθ, sinθ) to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 = 14 × 6 = 84 5
⇒ 11K + 5 = 0 ⇒K = −
is x cosθ+ y sinθ = r] 11
126 The common tangent to the circles
Now, the point of intersection with 1 5
coordinate axes are P(secθ, 0) and x 2 + y 2 = 4 and Q ≠ − , so there is no such value ofK ,
10 11
Q (0, cos ecθ). x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y − 24 = 0 also
for which line4x + 5y − K = 0 passes
QMid-point of line joining points P and Q passes through the point
is [2019, 9 April Shift-II] through points P and Q.
secθ cos ecθ (a) (6, − 2) (b) (4, − 2) 128 The line x = y touches a circle at the
M , = (h, k) (let)
2 2 (c) (−6, 4) (d) (−4, 6)
point (1, 1). If the circle also passes
1 1 Ans. (a) through the point (1, − 3), then its
So, cosθ = and sinθ =
2h 2k Given circles are x 2 + y 2 = 4, centre radius is [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
Q sin θ + cos θ = 1
2 2
c 1 (0, 0) and radius r1 = 2 (a) 3 2 (b) 2 2 (c) 2 (d) 3
1 1 and x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y − 24 = 0, centre Ans. (b)
∴ + =1
4h2 4k 2 c 2 (−3, − 4) and radius r2 = 7
Since, the equation of a family of circles
1 1 Q c 1 c 2 = 9 + 16 = 5 and | r1 − r2 | = 5
⇒ + 2 =4 touching lineL = 0 at their point of
h 2
k Q c 1 c 2 = | r1 − r2 | = 5 contact(x 1 , y 1 ) is
Now, locus of mid-point M is ∴circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 touches the circle (x − x 1 ) 2 + (y − y 1 ) 2 + λ L = 0, where λ ∈R.
1 1 x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y − 24 = 0 internally. ∴ Equation of circle, touches the x = y at
+ =4
x2 y2 So, equation of common tangent is point (1, 1) is
S1 − S2 = 0 (x − 1) 2 + (y − 1) 2 + λ (x − y) = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4x 2 y 2 = 0
⇒ 6x + 8y − 20 = 0 ⇒ x + y 2 + (λ − 2) x + (− λ − 2) y + 2 = 0
2
So, correct option is (c).
⇒ 3x + 4y = 10 …(i) …(i)
125 A rectangle is inscribed in a circle The common tangent passes through QCircle (i) passes through point (1, −3).
the point (6, − 2), from the given options.
with a diameter lying along the line ∴ 1 + 9 + (λ − 2) + 3(λ + 2) + 2 = 0
3y = x + 7. If the two adjacent 127 If the circles ⇒ 4λ + 16 = 0
vertices of the rectangle are x 2 + y 2 + 5Kx + 2y + K = 0 and ⇒ λ = −4
(–8, 5) and (6, 5), then the area of 2 (x 2 + y 2 ) + 2Kx + 3y −1 = 0, (K ∈R), So, equation of circle (i) at λ = − 4, is
the rectangle (in sq units) is intersect at the points P and Q, then x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 2y + 2 = 0
[2019, 9 April Shift-II] the line4x + 5y − K = 0 passes through Now, radius of the circle
(a) 72 (b) 84 (c) 98 (d) 56 P and Q, for [2019, 10 April Shift-I] = 9 + 1 − 2 = 2 2.
302 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
129 The locus of the centres of the Now, C 1C 2 = AC 12 + AC 22 … (i) 131 A circle touching the X-axis at (3, 0)
circles, which touch the circle, [Qcircles intersect each other at 90º] and making a intercept of length 8
x 2 + y 2 = 1 externally, also touch the and C 1C 2 = C 1 M + MC 2 on the Y-axis passes through the
Y-axis and lie in the first quadrant, point [2019, 12 April Shift-II]
⇒ C 1C 2 = 122 − AM2 + 52 − AM2 … (ii)
is [2019, 10 April Shift-II] (a) (3, 10) (b) (3, 5)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get (c) (2, 3) (d) (1, 5)
(a) y = 1 + 2 x , x ≥ 0
AC 12 + AC 22 = 144 − AM2 + 25 − AM2 Ans. (a)
(b) y = 1 + 4 x , x ≥ 0
It is given that the circle touches the
(c) x = 1 + 2 y , y ≥ 0 ⇒ 144 + 25 = 144 − x 2 + 25 − x 2 X-axis at (3, 0) and making an intercept
⇒ 13 = 144 − x 2 + 25 − x 2 of 8 on the Y-axis.
(d) x = 1 + 4 y , y ≥ 0
Y
Ans. (a) On squaring both sides, we get
Let (h, k) be the centre of the circle and 169 = 144 − x 2 + 25 − x 2 B
radius r = h, as circle touch theY-axis + 2 144 − x 2 25 − x 2
and other circle x 2 + y 2 = 1 whose centre M
(0, 0) and radius is 1. ⇒ x 2 = 144 − x 2 25 − x 2 8 C
Y r r
Again, on squaring both sides, we get
A
x = (144 − x ) (25 − x )
4 2 2
O (3,0)
X
(h,k)
C r=h>O = (144 × 25) − (25 + 144) x 2 + x 4
r k >O 144 × 25 Let the radius of the circle is ‘r’, then the
for first ⇒ x2 =
169 coordinates of centre of circle are (3, r).
quadrant
X 12 × 5 60 From the figure, we have
O ⇒ x= = cm CM = 3, CA = radius = r
x2+y2=1 13 13
AB
Now, length of common chord and AM = BM = =4
120 2
∴ OC = r + 1 2x = cm
13 Then, r 2 = CM2 + AM2 = 9 + 16 = 25
[Qif circles touch each other externally, ⇒ r=± 5
Alternate Solution
then C 1C 2 = r1 + r2 ]
Given, AC 1 = 12 cm and AC 2 = 5 cm Now, the equation of circle having
⇒ h2 + k 2 = h + 1, h> 0 centre (3, ± 5) and radius = 5 is
and k > 0, for first quadrant. A (x − 3) 2 + (y ± 5) 2 = 25
⇒ h2 + k 2 = h2 + 2h + 1 12 5 Now, from the options (3, 10) satisfy the
⇒ k 2 = 2h + 1 equation of circle (x − 3) 2 + (y − 5) 2 = 25
C1 C2
⇒ k = 1 + 2h, as k > 0
Now, on taking locus of centre (h, k), we
132 Three circles of radii a, b,c (a < b < c)
get B touch each other externally. If they
Common chord
y = 1 + 2x , x ≥ 0 have X-axis as a common tangent,
In ∆C 1 AC 2 , then
130 If the angle of intersection at a C 1C 2 = (C 1 A) 2 + (AC 2 ) 2 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
point where the two circles with [Q∠C 1 AC 2 = 90º, because circles (a) a, b , c are in AP
radii 5 cm and 12 cm intersect is intersects each other at 90º] 1 1 1
(b) = +
90°, then the length (in cm) of their = (12) 2 + (5) 2 = 144 + 25 a b c
common chord is = 169 = 13 cm (c) a , b , c are in AP
[2019, 12 April Shift-I] 1 1 1 1
13 120 60 13 Now, area of ∆C 1 AC 2 = AC 1 × AC 2 (d) = +
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2 b a c
5 13 13 2 1
= × 12 × 5 = 30 cm2 Ans. (b)
Ans. (b) 2
According to given information, we have
1
Let, the length of common chord Also, area of ∆C 1 AC 2 = C 1C 2 × AM the following figure.
= AB = 2AM = 2x 2
1 AB
= × 13 ×
A 2 2
C
12 5 AB
QAM = B
2 F
C1 C2 c
M
1 120 b E
12 5 ∴ × 13 × AM = 30 cm AM = cm D A a
4 13
B
Coordinate Geometry 303
where A, B, C are the centres of the ⇒ 9m4 + 6m2 + 1 = 9(m4 + m2 ) ⇒ x − y + 2 (x + 1) − 3(y − 1) − 12 = 0
circles 1 ⇒ 3x − 4y − 7 = 0
⇒ m ≈ ∞ or m = ±
Clearly, AB = a + b (sum of radii) and 3 This will also a tangent to the required
1
BD = b − a 3+ 2 circle.
3m + 1
2
m
∴ AD = (a + b) 2 − (b − a) 2 Q lim = lim = 3 Now, equation of family of circles
m→ ∞
m +m
4 2 m→ ∞
1+ 2
1
(using Pythagoras theorem in ∆ABD) touching the line3x − 4y − 7 = 0 at point
m
= 2 ab (1, − 1) is given by
∴ Equation of common tangents are
Similarly, AC = a + c and CE = c − a x = 0, (x − 1) 2 + (y + 1) 2 + λ (3x − 4y − 7) = 0
∴In ∆ACE, AE = (a + c) 2 − (c − a) 2 x −x So, the equation of required circle will be
y= + 3 and y = − 3
= 2 ac
3 3 (x − 1) 2 + (y + 1) 2 + λ (3x − 4y − 7) = 0,
1 for some λ ∈R …(i)
Similarly, BC = b + c and CF = c − b using y = mx +
m QThe required circle passes through (4, 0)
∴In ∆BCF, BF = (b + c) 2 − (c − b) 2
i.e. x = 0, 3 y = x + 3 ∴(4 − 1) 2 + (0 + 1) 2 + λ (3 × 4 − 4 × 0 − 7) = 0
= 2 bc ⇒ 9 + 1 + λ (5) = 0 ⇒ λ = − 2
and 3y = − x − 3
Q AD + AE = BF Substituting λ = − 2 in Eq. (i), we get
∴ 2 ab + 2 ac = 2 bc
1 1 1 134 If the circles (x − 1) 2 + (y + 1) 2 − 2 (3x − 4y − 7) = 0
⇒ + = x 2 + y 2 −16x − 20y + 164 = r 2 and ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 8x + 10 y + 16 = 0
c b a
(x − 4) 2 + (y − 7) 2 = 36 intersect at On comparing it with
133 Equation of a common tangent to two distinct points, then x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get
the circle, x 2 + y 2 − 6x = 0 and the [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II] g = − 4, f = 5, c = 16
(a) 0 < r < 1 (b) r > 11
parabola, y 2 = 4x, is ∴ Radius = g 2 + f 2 − c
[2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I] (c) 1 < r < 11 (d) r = 11
Ans. (c) = 16 + 25 − 16 = 5
(a) 3y = 3x + 1 (b) 2 3y = 12 x + 1
(c) 3y = x + 3 (d) 2 3y = − x − 12 Circle I is x + y − 16x − 20 y + 164 = r
2 2 2
⇒ (x − 8) 2 + (y − 10) 2 = r 2 136 The straight line x + 2y = 1 meets
Ans. (c)
⇒ C 1 (8, 10) is the centre of Ist circle and the coordinate axes at A and B. A
We know that, equation of tangent to
parabola y 2 = 4ax is r1 = r is its radius circle is drawn through A, B and the
a Circle II is (x − 4) 2 + (y − 7) 2 = 36 origin. Then, the sum of
y = mx +
m perpendicular distances from A and
⇒ C 2 (4, 7) is the centre of 2nd circle and
∴ Equation of tangent to the parabola r2 = 6 is its radius. B on the tangent to the circle at the
y 2 = 4x is origin is
1 Two circles intersect if | r1 − r2 | < C 1C 2
y = mx + (Q a = 1) < r1 + r2 [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
m
5
⇒ m2 x − my + 1 = 0 …(i) ⇒ | r − 6 |< (8 − 4) 2 + (10 − 7) 2 (a) 2 5 (b)
4
Now, let line (i) is also a tangent to the <r+6
circle. 5
(c) 4 5 (d)
⇒ | r − 6 | < 16 + 9 < r + 6 2
Equation of circle x 2 + y 2 − 6x = 0
⇒ | r − 6 |< 5< r + 6 Ans. (d)
Clearly, centre of given circle is (3, 0) and
radius = 3 Now as, 5 < r + 6 always, we have to solve According to given information, we have
[Qfor the circle only the following figure.
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, centre = | r − 6 |< 5 Y
(0,1/2)
(− g, − f) and radius = g 2 + f 2 − c ] ⇒ − 5< r − 6< 5
B
∴ The perpendicular distance of (3, 0) ⇒ 6 − 5 < r < 5 + 6 ⇒1 < r < 11
from the line (i) is 3.
[Qradius is perpendicularto the 135 If a circle C passing through the
tangent of circle]point (4, 0) touches the circle N
| m2 ⋅3 − m⋅0 + 1 |
⇒ =3 x 2 + y 2 + 4x − 6y = 12 externally at A
(m2 ) 2 + (− m) 2 the point (1, − 1), then the radius of C O
x
(1, 0) x+2y=1
The length of perpendicular from a point is [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
(x 1 , y 1 ) to the lineax + by + c = 0 is (a) 5 (b) 2 5 (c) 57 (d) 4 M
ax 1 + by 1 + c
. Ans. (a)
a2 + b2 Equation of tangent to the circle From figure, equation of circle (diameter
3m2 + 1 x 2 + y 2 + 4x − 6y − 12 = 0 at (1, − 1) is given form) is
⇒ =3
m4 + m2 by xx 1 + yy 1 + 2 (x + x 1 ) − 3 (y + y 1 ) − 12 = 0, 1
(x − 1) (x − 0) + (y − 0) y − = 0
where x 1 = 1 and y 1 = − 1 2
304 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
y ⇒ x = 3 ± 8, y = − 4 ± 8
⇒ x2 + y2 − x − =0 139 A circle cuts a chord of length 4a
2
y ∴ A(− 5, − 12) and C (11, 4) on the X-axis and passes through a
Equation of tangent at (0, 0) is x + = 0 Similarly, for the coordinates of B and D, point on the Y-axis, distant 2b from
2
consider the origin. Then, the locus of the
[Q equation of tangent at (x 1 , y 1 ) is given by
x −3 y + 4
T = 0. = =±8 2 centre of this circle, is
1 1
Here,T = 0 − [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
1 1 2 2 (a) a parabola (b) an ellipse
⇒ xx 1 + yy 1 − (x + x 1 ) − (y + y 1 ) = 0]
2 4 [in this case, θ = 135°] (c) a straight line (d) a hyperbola
⇒ 2x + y = 0 ⇒ x = 3 m 8, y = − 4 ± 8 Ans. (a)
|2⋅ 1 + 1⋅0 | 2 ∴ B (11, − 12) and D (− 5, 4)
Now, AM = = According to given information, we have
5 5 Now, OA = 25 + 144 = 169 = 13; the following figure.
[Qdistance of a point P (x 1 , y 1 ) from a line OB = 121 + 144 = 265 (0, 2b)
|ax + by 1 + c |
ax + by + c = 0 is 1 ] OC = 121 + 16 = 137 P
a2 + b2
and OD = 25 + 16 = 41
1 4a
2⋅0 + 1 A O B
2 1
and BN = = 138 Two circles with equal radii are
5 2 5
intersecting at the points (0, 1) and Let the equation of circle be
2 1 4+ 1 5
∴ AM + BN = + = = (0, −1). The tangent at the point (0,1) x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 …(i)
5 2 5 2 5 2
to one of the circles passes According the problem,
through the centre of the other
137 A square is inscribed in the circle 4a = 2 g 2 − c …(ii)
circle. Then, the distance between
x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 8y − 103 = 0 with its
the centres of these circles is [Qthe length of intercepts made by the
sides parallel to the coordinate [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
axes. Then, the distance of the (a) 2 (b) 2 2
vertex of this square which is with X-axis is 2 g 2 − c ]
(c) 1 (d) 2
nearest to the origin is Ans. (d)
Also, as the circle is passing through
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] P (0, 2b)
Clearly, circles are orthogonal
(a) 6 (b) 13 (c) 41 (d) 137 ∴ 0 + 4b 2 + 0 + 4bf + c = 0 [using Eq. (i)]
because tangent at one point of
Ans. (c) intersection is passing through centre ⇒ 4b 2 + 4bf + c = 0 …(iii)
Given equation of circle is of the other. Eliminating ‘c’ from Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we
get
x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 8y − 103 = 0, which can be Y
written as S2 S1 4b 2 + 4bf + g 2 − 4a 2 = 0
(x − 3) 2 + (y + 4) 2 = 128 = (8 2) 2 (0, 1) [Q4a = 2 g 2 − c ⇒c = g 2 − 4a 2 ]
∴ Centre = (3, − 4) and radius = 8 2 r r
So, locus of (− g, − f) is
Now, according to given information, we X
(α, 0) 4b 2 − 4by + x 2 − 4a 2 = 0
have the following figure. (–α, 0)
⇒ x 2 = 4by + 4a 2 − 4b 2
(0,–1)
Y which is a parabol(a)
D C Let C 1 (α, 0) and C 2 (− α, 0) are the centres.
140 Let C1 and C 2 be the centres of
O X
Then, S 1 ≡ (x − α) 2 + y 2 = α 2 + 1 the circles x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y − 2 = 0
45° ⇒ S 1 ≡ x 2 + y 2 − 2αx − 1 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 6y + 14 = 0
G
respectively. If P and Q are the
(3,–4) [Qradius, r = (α − 0) 2 + (0 − 1) 2 ]
points of intersection of these
A B and S 2 ≡ (x + α) 2 + y 2 = α 2 + 1 circles, then the area (in sq units)
⇒ S 2 ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2αx − 1 = 0 of the quadrilateral PC 1QC2 is
[2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
Now, 2(α) (− α) + 2⋅0 ⋅0 = (− 1) + (− 1)
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 9
For the coordinates of A and C. ⇒ α=± 1
x −3 y + 4 Ans. (b)
Consider, = =± 8 2 [Qcondition of orthogonality is
1 1 2g 1 g 2 + 2f1f2 = c 1 + c 2 ] Given circles,
2 2 x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y − 2 = 0 … (i)
∴ C 1 (1, 0) and C 2 (− 1, 0)
[using distance (parametric) form of line, and x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 6y + 14 = 0 … (ii)
x − x1 y − y1 ⇒ C 1C 2 = 2
= = r] are intersecting each other orthogonally,
cosθ sinθ because
Coordinate Geometry 305
2(1)(3) + 2(1)(3) = 14 − 2 142 If a circle of radius R passes 143 If one of the diameters of the
[Qtwo circles are intersected through the origin O and intersects circle, given by the equation,
orthogonally if 2g 1 g 2 + 2f1f2 = c 1 + c 2 ]
the coordinate axes at A and B, x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 6y − 12 = 0, is a chord
P then the locus of the foot of of a circle S, whose centre is at
2 2 perpendicular from O on AB is (−3, 2), then the radius of S is
C1 (3,3) [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] [JEE Main 2016]
(1,1) C2 (a) (x 2 + y 2 ) 2 = 4 R 2 x 2 y 2 (a) 5 2 (b) 5 3 (c) 5 (d) 10
(b) (x 2 + y 2 ) 3 = 4 R 2 x 2 y 2 Ans. (b)
Q
(c) (x 2 + y 2 )(x + y) = R 2 xy Given equation of circle is x 2 + y 2 − 4x
So, area of quadrilateral + 6y − 12 = 0, whose centre is (2, − 3) and
(d) (x 2 + y 2 ) 2 = 4 Rx 2 y 2
PC 1 QC 2 = 2 × ar (∆PC 1C 2 ). radius = 2 2 + (− 3) 2 + 12
Ans. (b)
1
= 2 × × 2 × 2 = 4 sq units = 4 + 9 + 12 = 5
2 Let the foot of perpendicular be P (h, k).
k Now, according to given information, we
Then, the slope of line OP =
141 If a variable line, 3x + 4y − λ = 0 is h have the following figure.
Y
such that the two circles S
x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y + 1 = 0
A (–3, 2) C
and x + y 2 − 18x − 2y + 78 = 0
2
B
are on its opposite sides, then the P(h, k) O (2,–3)
set of all values of λ is the interval
B
[2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I] A
(a) [13, 23] (b) (2, 17) X
O
(c) [12, 21] (d) (23, 31) x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 6y − 12 = 0
Ans. (c) Clearly, AO ⊥ BC, as O is mid-point of the
QLine AB is perpendicular to line OP, so
chor(d)
The given circles, h
slope of line AB = −
x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y + 1 = 0 ... (i) k Now, in ∆AOB, we have
and x + y 2 − 18x − 2y + 78 = 0, ... (ii)
2
[Qproduct of slopes of two OA = (− 3 − 2) 2 + (2 + 3) 2
are on the opposite sides of the variable perpendicular lines is (−1)]
= 25 + 25 = 50 = 5 2
line 3x + 4y − λ = 0. So, their centres also Now, the equation of line AB is
lie on the opposite sides of the variable h and OB = 5
line. y − k = − (x − h)
k ∴ AB = OA 2 + OB 2
⇒ [3(1) + 4(1) − λ] [3(9) + 4(1) − λ] < 0
⇒ hx + ky = h + k or 2 2
[QThe points P (x 1 , y 1 ) and Q (x 2 , y 2 ) lie on x y = 50 + 25 = 75 = 5 3
+ =1
the opposite sides of the line h2 + k 2 h2 + k 2
ax + by + c = 0, h k 144 The number of common tangents
if (ax 1 + by 1 + c)(ax 2 + by 2 + c) < 0] h + k 2
2 to the circles x 2 + y 2 −4x − 6y −12 = 0
So, point A , 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 6x +18y + 26 = 0 is
⇒ (λ − 7)(λ − 31) < 0 h
[JEE Main 2015]
⇒ λ ∈(7, 31) ... (iii) h2 + k 2
and B 0, (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
3(1) + 4(1) − λ k
Also, we have ≥ 1+ 1− 1 Ans. (c)
5
Q∆AOB is a right angled triangle, so AB is Central Idea Number of common tangents
Qdistance of centre from the given line is one of the diameter of the circle having depend on the position of the circle with
ax + by 1 + c radius R (given).
greater than the radius,i.e. 1 ≥ r respect to each other.
a +b
2 2
⇒ AB = 2R (i) If circles touch externally
h2 + k 2
2
h2 + k 2
2
⇒C1C 2 = r1 + r2 ,3 common tangents
⇒ |7 − λ |≥ 5 ⇒λ ∈(− ∞, 2] ∪ [12 , ∞ ) ...(iv) ⇒ + = 2R (ii) If circles touch internally
h k
3(9) + 4(1) − λ ⇒ C1C 2 = r2 − r1 , 1 common tangent
(h2 + k 2 ) 2 2 + 2 = 4R 2
≥ 81 + 1 − 78 1 1
and ⇒
5 h k (iii) If circles do not touch each other, 4
⇒ | λ − 31 | ≥ 10 ⇒ (h2 + k 2 ) 3 = 4R 2 h2 k 2 common tangents
⇒ λ ∈ (− ∞, 21] ∪ [41, ∞) ... (v) On replacingh by x and k by y, we get Given equations of circles are
From Eqs. (iii), (iv) and (v), we get (x 2 + y 2 ) 3 = 4R 2 x 2 y 2 , x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y − 12 = 0 …(i)
λ ∈[ 12, 21] which is the required locus. x + y 2 + 6x + 18y + 26 = 0 …(ii)
2
306 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Centre of circle (i) is C 1 (2, 3) and radius (a) (− 5, 2) (b) (2, − 5) The perpendicular from centre to the
= 4 + 9 + 12 = 5(r1 ) (say) (c) (5, − 2) (d) (− 2, 5) tangent is equal to radius.
Centre of circle (ii) isC 2 (−3, − 9) and radius Ans. (c) 5
Let the equation of circle be m 5
= 9 + 81 − 26 = 8 (r2 ) (say) ∴ =
(x − 3) 2 + (y − 0) 2 + λy = 0 1+ m2 2
Now, C 1C 2 = (2 + 3) + (3 + 9)
2 2
Y
⇒ m 1 + m2 = 2 ⇒ m2 (1 + m2 ) = 2
⇒ C 1C 2 = 52 + 122
⇒ m4 + m2 − 2 = 0
⇒ C 1C 2 = 25 + 144 = 13 ⇒ (m2 + 2) (m2 − 1) = 0
A (3, 0)
X′ X
∴ r1 + r2 = 5 + 8 = 13 ⇒ m= ± 1 [Qm2 + 2 ≠ 0, as
P
Also, C 1C 2 = r1 + r2 (1, –2)
m ∈ R]
Thus, both circles touch each other ∴ y = ± (x + 5)
externally. Hence, there are three Y′
Both statements are correct as m = ± 1
common tangents.
As it passes through (1, − 2). satisfies the given equation of statement II
∴ (1 − 3) 2 + (− 2) 2 + λ (− 2) = 0 but statement II is not a correct
145 Let C be the circle with centre at explanation of statement I.
(1, 1) and radius 1. IfT is the circle ⇒ 4 + 4 − 2λ = 0
centred at (0, y) passing through ⇒ λ =4
148 The length of the diameter of the
origin and touching the circle C ∴ Equation of circle is
circle which touches the X-axis at
externally, then the radius ofT is (x − 3) 2 + y 2 + 4y = 0.
the point (1, 0) and passes through
equal to [JEE Main 2014] By hit and trial method, we see that point
(5, − 2) satisfies equation of circle.
the point (2,3) is [AIEEE 2012]
3 3 10 3 6 5
(a) (b) (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 3 5 5 3
147 Given A circle, 2x + 2y = 5 and a
2 2
1 1
(c) (d)
2 4 parabola, y 2 = 4 5x. [JEE Main 2013] Ans. (a)
Given
Ans. (d) Statement I An equation of a
(i) A circle which touches X-axis at the
Let the coordinate of the centre ofT be common tangent to these curves point (1, 0).
(0, k). is y = x + 5. (ii) The circle also passes through the
Y Statement II If the line, point (2, 3).
C
5 To find The length of the diameter of the
(1, 1) y = mx + , (m ≠ 0) is the common circle.
m
T (1– k) Y
(0, k) tangent, then m satisfies
X′ X m 4 − 3m2 + 2 = 0.
O (1, 0) (h, k)
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is (2, 3)
k
true; Statement II is a correct k
explanation of Statement I
X
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is O (1, 0)
Y′
true; Statement II is not a correct
Distance between their centre explanation of Statement I Let us assume that the coordinates of
k + 1 = 1 + (k − 1) 2 the centre of the circle areC (h, k) and its
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
radius is r.
false
⇒ k + 1 = 1 + k 2 + 1 − 2k Now, since the circle touches X-axis at
(d) Statement I is false, Statement II is
⇒ k + 1 = k 2 + 2 − 2k (1, 0), hence its radius should be equal to
true
ordinate of centre.
⇒ k 2 + 1 + 2k = k 2 + 2 − 2k Ans. (b) ⇒ r=k
1
⇒ k= Equation of circle can be rewritten as Hence, the equation of the circle is
4 5
x2 + y2 = (x − h) 2 + ( y − k) 2 = k 2
1 2
So, the radius of circleT is ki. e., . Also, given that the circle passes
4 5
Here, centre → (0, 0) and radius→ ⋅ through points (1, 0) and (2, 3). Hence,
146 The circle passing through (1, − 2) 2 substituting them in the equation of the
and touching the axis of x at (3, 0) Let common tangent be circle, we get
also passes through the point 5 (1 − h) 2 + (0 − k) 2 = k 2 …(i)
y = mx +
[JEE Main 2013] m (2 − h) 2 + (3 − k) 2 = k 2 …(ii)
Coordinate Geometry 307
From Eq. (i), we geth = 1 (c) x 2 + y 2 − x − y = 0 Ans. (d)
On substituting in Eq. (ii), we get (d) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2 y − 7 = 0 Given equation can be rewritten as
5 Ans. (c) (x + 1) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = (2 2) 2
(2 − 1) 2 + (3 − k) 2 = k 2 ⇒ k =
3 Circle whose diametric end points are (1, Let required point be Q (α, β).
10 0) and (0, 1) will be of smallest radius. Then, mid-point of P (1, 0) and Q (α, β) is
The diameter of the circle is2k =
3 ⇒ (x − 1) (x − 0) + ( y − 0) ( y − 1) = 0 the centre of the circle.
⇒ x2 + y2 − x − y = 0 α+ 1
i. e., = −1
149 The two circles x 2 + y 2 = ax and 2
151 The circle x 2 + y 2 = 4x + 8y + 5 β+0
x 2 + y 2 = c 2 , (c > 0) touch each and = −2
2
other, if [AIEEE 2011] intersects the line 3x − 4y = m at
two distinct points, if ⇒ α = −3
(a) |a | = c (b) a = 2 c
(c) |a | = 2 c (d) 2 |a | = c (a) − 85 < m < − 35 (b) − 35 < m < 15 and β = −4
Ans. (a) (c) 15 < m < 65 (d) 35 < m < 85 So, required point is (– 3, – 4).
[AIEEE 2010]
x 2 + y 2 − ax = 0 and x 2 + y 2 = c 2 touch 154 If the lines 3x − 4y − 7 = 0 and
Ans. (b)
each other.
Y
Since, the coordinates of the centre of 2x − 3y − 5 = 0 are two diameters of
the circle are (2, 4). a circle of area 49π sq units, then
Also, r 2 = 4 + 16 + 5 = 25 the equation of the circle is
c
The line will intersect the circle at two [AIEEE 2006]
a/2 distinct points, if the distance of (2, 4) (a) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2 y − 62 = 0
X′ a/2 X from 3x − 4y = m is less than radius of the
O C (b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2 y − 62 = 0
circle.
|6 − 16 − m | (c) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2 y − 47 = 0
∴ < 5 ⇒ − 25 < 10 + m < 25 (d) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2 y − 47 = 0
5
Ans. (c)
Y′ ∴ − 35 < m < 15
(i) Internally The given equations of diameters are
(i) If circles touch internally, 152 If P and Q are the points of 3x − 4y − 7 = 0 …(i)
c− =
a a
⇒ c− =
a a intersection of the circles and 2x − 3y − 5 = 0 …(ii)
2 2 2 2 x 2 + y 2 + 3x + 7 y + 2p − 5 = 0 and On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ c = a, c > 0 x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 2y − p2 = 0, then there x = 1 and y = − 1
∴ |a | = c is a circle passing through P, Q and So, the intersection of two diameters is
(ii) If circles touch externally, (1, 1) and [AIEEE 2009] the centre of circle, is (1, –1).
(a) all values of p Let r be the radius of circle, then
Y
(b) all except one value of p Area of circle = 49 π
(c) all except two values of p ⇒ πr 2 = 49 π ⇒ r = 7 units
c a/2 (d) exactly one value of p ∴ Equation of required circle is
X′
(0, 0) C a/2
X
Ans. (c) (x − 1) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 = 49
Let S = x 2 + y 2 + 3x + 7 y + 2p − 5 = 0 ⇒ x − 2x + 1 + y 2 + 2y + 1 = 49
2
and S ′ = x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 2y − p2 = 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 2y − 47 = 0
Y′ Equation of the required circle is
(ii) Externally S + λS ′ = 0. 155 Let C be the circle with centre
As it passes through (1, 1), the value of (0, 0) and radius 3 units. The
a a a a
c+ = ⇒ c+ = equation of the locus of the
2 2 2 2 λ = − (7 + 2p) /(6 − p2 )
mid-points of the chords of the
∴ c = 0, i. e., not possible as c > 0. Here, λ is not defined at p = ± 6 2π
Hence, it is true for all except two values circle C that subtend an angle of
Hence, the circles should touch 3
of p.
internally and |a | = c. at its centre, is [AIEEE 2006]
27
150 The equation of the circle passing 153 The point diametrically opposite to (a) x + y = 1
2 2
(b) x + y 2 =
2
the point P (1, 0) on the circle 4
through the point (1, 0) and (0, 1) and 9 3
x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 4y − 3 = 0 is (c) x 2 + y 2 = (d) x + y =
2 2
having the smallest radius is 4 2
[AIEEE 2008]
[AIEEE 2011] Ans. (c)
(a) x + y + x + y − 2 = 0
2 2 (a) (3, 4) (b) (3, – 4)
(c) (– 3, 4) (d) (–3, – 4) Let the coordinates of a point P be (h, k)
(b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 2 y + 1 = 0 which is mid-point of the chord AB.
308 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Now, OP = (h − 0) 2 + (k − 0) 2 [AIEEE 2005] (a) 3a 2 + 2ab + 3b 2 = 0
(a) a parabola (b) a hyperbola (b) 3a 2 + 10ab + 3b 2 = 0
= h2 + k 2 (c) 3a 2 − 2ab + 3b 2 = 0
(c) a circle (d) an ellipse
Ans. (a) (d) 3a 2 − 10ab + 3b 2 = 0
Since, circle touches the X-axis and also Ans. (a)
touches circle with the centre at (0, 3) Given equation of pair of lines is
and radius 2, then C 1C 2 = r1 + r2 ax 2 + 2 (a + b) xy + by 2 = 0
O (0, 0)
∴ h + (k − 3) = (| k | + 2)
2 2 2
Here, H = a + b, A = a , B = b
3
π/3 π/3 h2 + k 2 + 9 − 6 k = k 2 + 4 + 4 | k | π
Since, 4θ = π ⇒ θ =
Y 4
A P (h, k) B
(0,3)
C1 2
π OP 3θ
In ∆AOP, cos =
3 OA θ
(h, k) O
1 h2 + k 2 C2 |k| (0, 0)
⇒ =
2 3 X′ X
O
9
⇒ h +k =
2 2
4 Y′ Angle between lines is given by
Hence, the required locus is ∴ Locus of centre of circle is 2 H 2 − AB
9 tanθ =
x2 + y2 = x 2 = − 5 + 6y + 4 | y | A+ B
4
⇒ x 2 = 10 y − 5 [Qy > 0] π 2 (a + b) 2 − ab
⇒ tan = 1=
156 If the circles This equation represents a parabol(a) 4 a+b
x 2 + y 2 + 2a x + cy + a = 0 and Thus, locus of the centre of the circle is
⇒ a 2 + b 2 + 2ab = 4(a 2 + b 2 + ab)
x 2 + y 2 − 3a x + dy − 1 = 0 intersect in a parabol(a)
⇒3a 2 + 3b 2 + 2ab = 0
two distinct points P and Q, then the
158 If a circle passes through the point
line 5x + by − a = 0 passes through 160 If a circle passes through the point
(a , b) and cuts the circle x 2 + y 2 = p2
P and Q for [AIEEE 2005]
orthogonally, then the equation of (a , b) and cuts the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4
(a) exactly two values of a the locus of its centre is orthogonally, then the locus of its
(b) infinitely many values of a [AIEEE 2005] centre is [AIEEE 2004]
(c) no value of a (a) 2ax + 2by − (a 2 + b 2 + p2 ) = 0 (a) 2 ax + 2 by + (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0
(d) exactly one value of a (b) x 2 + y 2 − 2ax − 3by + (a 2 − b 2 − p2 ) = 0 (b) 2 ax + 2 by − (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0
Ans. (c) (c) 2ax + 2by − (a 2 − b 2 + p2 ) = 0 (c) 2 ax − 2 by + (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0
Let equation of circles be (d) x 2 + y 2 − 3ax − 4by + (a 2 + b 2 − p2 ) = 0
(d) 2 ax − 2 by − (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0
S 1 ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2a x + c y + a = 0 Ans. (a)
Ans. (b)
and S 2 ≡ x 2 + y 2 − 3a x + dy − 1 = 0 Let the equation of circle be
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2fy + c = 0.It cuts the Let the equation of circle be
Chord through intersection points
P and Q of the given circles is S 1 − S 2 = 0. circle x 2 + y 2 = p2 orthogonally. x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2fy + c = 0
∴ (x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + cy + a) Q 2g 1 g 2 + 2f1f2 = c 1 + c 2 It cuts the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 orthogonally,
if
− (x 2 + y 2 − 3a x + dy − 1) = 0 ∴ 2 g (0) + 2f (0) = c − p2
2 g 1 g 2 + 2f1f2 = c 1 + c 2
⇒ 5a x + (c − d) y + a + 1 = 0 ⇒ c = p2
∴ 2 g ⋅ 0 + 2f ⋅ 0 = c − 4
On comparing it with 5x + by − a = 0, we Also, it passes through (a , b).
⇒ c =4
get 5a c − d a + 1 ∴ a 2 + b 2 + 2 ga + 2fb + p2 = 0 ∴ Equation of circle is
= =
5 b −a So, locus of (− g, − f) is x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2fy + 4 = 0
⇒ a (− a) = a + 1 a 2 + b 2 − 2a x − 2by + p2 = 0 Since, it passes through the point (a, b).
⇒ a2 + a + 1 = 0 ⇒ 2a x + 2by − (a 2 + b 2 + p2 ) = 0 ∴ a 2 + b 2 + 2ag + 2f b + 4 = 0
which gives no real value ofa . Locus of centre (− g, − f) will be
159 If the pair of lines
Hence, the line will passes through a 2 + b 2 − 2 xa − 2yb + 4 = 0
ax 2 + 2 (a + b) xy + by 2 = 0 lie along
P and Q for no value of a. ⇒ 2ax + 2by − (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0
diameters of a circle and divide the
157 A circle touches the X-axis and circle into four sectors such that Alternate Solution
the area of one of the sectors is Let the centre of required circle be
also touches the circle with centre (− g, − f). This circle cuts the circle
thrice the area of another sector,
at (0, 3) and radius 2. The locus of x 2 + y 2 = 4 orthogonally. The centre and
then [AIEEE 2005]
the centre of the circle is
Coordinate Geometry 309
radius of circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 are (0, 0) and 2, (x − 1) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 = 52 ⇒ r < 8 and 2< r
respectively. ⇒ x + 1 − 2 x + y 2 + 2y + 1 = 25
2
∴ 2< r < 8
∴ g 2 + f 2 = 4 + (a + g) 2 + (b + f) 2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y − 23 = 0
⇒ g 2 + f 2 = 4 + a 2 + g 2 + 2ag 165 The lines 2x − 3y = 5 and 3x − 4y = 7
+ 2bf + b 2 + f 2 163 The intercept on the line y = x by are diameters of a circle having
⇒ 4 + a 2 + b 2 + 2ag + 2bf = 0 the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2x = 0 is AB. area as 154 sq units. Then, the
Hence, the locus of centre is Equation of the circle on AB as a equation of the circle is
2ax + 2by − (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0
diameter is [AIEEE 2004] (a) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2 y = 62 [AIEEE 2003]
(a) x + y
2 2
− x − y =0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2 y = 47
161 A variable circle passes through (c) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2 y = 47
(b) x 2 + y 2 − x + y =0
the fixed point A(p, q) and touches (d) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2 y = 62
(c) x 2 + y 2 + x + y =0
X-axis. The locus of the other end (d) x 2 + y 2 + x − y =0 Ans. (c)
of the diameter through A is
Ans. (a) Given equation of diameters of a circle
[AIEEE 2004]
Given, equation of line is y = x. …(i) are
(a) (x − p) = 4 qy
2
(b) (x − q) = 4 py
2
2x − 3y = 5 …(i)
And equation of circle is
(c) ( y − p) 2 = 4 qx (d) ( y − q) 2 = 4 px
x2 + y2 − 2x = 0 …(ii) and 3x − 4y = 7 …(ii)
Ans. (a) The intersection of Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Since, the coordinates of one end of a the coordinate of centre (1, –1).
x 2 + x 2 − 2 x = 0 ⇒ 2 x (x − 1) = 0
diameter of a circle A are (p, q) and let the Given area of circle = πr 2
coordinates of other end B be (x 1 , y 1 ). ⇒ x = 0, x = 1 22 2
On putting the values of x in Eq. (i) ⇒ 154 = r ∴r = 7
Equation of circle in diameter form is 7
(x − p)(x − x 1 ) + ( y − q)( y − y 1 ) = 0 respectively, we get
Equation of the circle whose centre (1, –1)
⇒ x 2 − (p + x 1 ) x + px 1 + y 2 y = 0, y = 1 and radius 7 is
− (q + y 1 ) y + q y 1 = 0 Let coordinates of A be (0, 0) and (x − 1) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 = 7 2
⇒ x 2 − (p + x 1 ) x + y 2 coordinates of B be (1, 1). ⇒ x 2 − 2 x + 1 + y 2 + 2y + 1 = 49
− (y 1 + q) y + px 1 + q y 1 = 0 ∴ Equation of circle when AB as a ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y = 47
Since, this circle touches X-axis. diameter, is
i.e., y =0 166 The greatest distance of the point
(x − 0)(x − 1) + ( y − 0)( y − 1) = 0
∴ x 2 − (p + x 1 ) x + px 1 + q y 1 = 0 P (10, 7) from the circle
⇒ x2 − x + y2 − y = 0
Also, the discriminant of above equation ⇒ x2 + y2 − x − y = 0
x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 2y − 20 = 0 is
will be [AIEEE 2002]
(p + x 1 ) 2 = 4 (px 1 + q y 1 ) 164 If the two circles (a) 10 units (b) 15 units
⇒ p + x 1 + 2px 1 = 4px 1 + 4q y 1
2 2 (x − 1) 2 + ( y − 3) 2 = r 2 and (c) 5 units (d) None of these
⇒ x 12 − 2px 1 + p2 = 4q y 1 x 2 + y 2 − 8x + 2y + 8 = 0 intersect in Ans. (b)
Hence, locus of point B is (x − p) 2 = 4q y. two distinct points, then Given equation of circle
[AIEEE 2003]
x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 2y − 20 = 0
162 If the lines 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and (a) 2 < r < 8 (b) r < 2
whose centre is C (2, 1) and radius is 5.
(c) r = 2 (d) r > 2
3x − y − 4 = 0 lie along diameters of At point (10, 7),
Ans. (a) S 1 = 10 2 + 7 2 − 4 × 10 − 2 × 7 − 20
a circle of circumference 10π, then
the equation of the circle is The equation of first circle = 75 > 0
[AIEEE 2004] (x − 1) 2 + ( y − 3) 2 = r 2 So, P lies outside the circle.
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2 y − 23 = 0 whose centre is C 1 (1, 3) and radius r1 = r .
Now, PC = (2 − 10) 2 + (1 − 7) 2
(b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 2 y − 23 = 0 and equation of second circle
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2 y − 23 = 0 x 2 + y 2 − 8x + 2y + 8 = 0 = 82 + 62 = 10 2 = 10
(d) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2 y − 23 = 0 whose centre is C 2 (4, − 1) and radius ∴Greatest distance between circle and
Ans. (a) r2 = 42 + 12 − 8 = 17 − 8 = 9 = 3 the point is P = 10 + 5 = 15 units.
Given lines2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and Two circles intersect in two distinct
3x − y − 4 = 0 are the diameters of circle. 167 The equation of the tangent to the
points, then
The intersection of two lines is the centre of circle x 2 + y 2 + 4x − 4y + 4 = 0 which
r1 − r2 < C 1C 2 < r1 + r2
circle (1, –1). make equal intercepts on the
⇒ r − 3 < (4 − 1) 2 + (−1 − 3) 2 < r + 3 positive coordinate axes, is
Circumference of circle = 10 π [given]
[AIEEE 2002]
⇒ 2 πr = 10 π ⇒ r = 5 ⇒ r − 3 < 9 + 16 < r + 3
(a) x + y = 2 (b) x + y = 2 2
∴Equation of circle having centre (1, –1) and ⇒ r − 3< 5< r + 3
radius 5 is (c) x + y = 4 (d) x + y = 8
⇒ r − 3 < 5 and 5 < r + 3
310 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (b) (a) 4(S + R) (b) 2(S − R) Point of intersection of tangent and
Given equation of circle is (c) 4(S − R) (d) 2(S + R) normal with directrix are x = −2 at
x 2 + y 2 + 4x − 4y + 4 = 0 whose centre Ans. (c) A(− 2, 0) and B(− 2, − 8) respectively.
(– 2, 2) and radius = 2 Q (a, b) and P(2, − 4) are given and AQBP is
Let the equation of required tangent be a square.
x + y = a. Mid-point of AB = Mid-point of PQ
The perpendicular distance from centre a + 2 b − 4
V (R, 0) F (S, 0) ⇒ (− 2, − 4 ) = ,
to the circle is equal to radius of circle. 2 2
−2 + 2 − a ⇒ a = − 6, b = − 4
∴ = 2 ⇒ a = 2 2
2
Length of LR of y = 4ax is 4a.
2 ⇒ 2a + b = − 16
Hence, the equation of tangent is OR Length of LR = 4 × [Distance between 172 If two tangents drawn from a point
x + y = 2 2. focus and vertex] P to the parabola y 2 = 16 (x − 3) are
Similarly here at right angles, then the locus of
Length of LR = 4(S − R ) point P is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
TOPIC 3 (a) x + 3 = 0 (b) x + 1 = 0
170 A tangent line L is drawn at the
Parabola point (2, – 4) on the parabola y 2 = (c) x + 2 = 0 (d) x + 4 = 0
8x. If the line L is also tangent to Ans. (b)
168 Consider the parabola with vertex the circle x 2 + y 2 = a, then a is We know that, the locus of the points of
1 3 1
, and the directrix y = . Let P equal to [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] intersection of the mutually
2 4 2 perpendicular tangents to a parabola is
Ans. (2) the directrix of the parabol(a)
be the point where the parabola Equation of tangent to parabola y 2 = 8x
1 ⇒ X + A =0
meets the line x = − . If the normal at (2, − 4) is −4y = 4(x + 2)
⇒ x −3+ 4=0
2 ⇒ x + y + 2=0 …(i)
to the parabola at P intersects the ⇒ x + 1=0
Center and radius of circle x 2 + y 2 = a is
parabola again at the point Q, then (0, 0) and a respectively.
173 If a line along a chord of the circle
(PQ) 2 is equal to Q Eq. (i) is tangent to the circle.
[2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II] 4x 2 + 4y 2 + 120x + 675 = 0, passes
⇒Perpendicular distance of Eq. (i) from
75 125 center (0, 0) = a through the point (−30, 0) and is
(a) (b)
8 16 0+0+2 tangent to the parabola y 2 = 30x,
⇒ = a ⇒ a =2
25 15 2
(c) (d) then the length of this chord is
2 2 [2021, 26 Aug Shift-I]
Ans. (b) 171 A tangent and a normal are drawn (a) 5 (b) 7
at the point P (2, − 4) on the parabola
1 3 (c) 5 3 (d) 3 5
Vertex , y 2 = 8x, which meet the directrix of
2 4 Ans. (d)
the parabola at the points A and B
1 respectively. If Q (a,b ) is a point Equation of tangent to y 2 = 30 x is
Equation of directrix y =
2 such that AQBP is a square, then 30
y = mx +
2a + b is equal to
2
1 3 4m
Equation of parabola is x − = y −
2 4 [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I]
Now, this tangent passes through
− 1 7 (a) − 16 (b) − 18 (−30,0).
Point on parabola P ,
2 4 (c) − 12 (d) − 20 30
∴ 0 = −30 m +
− 1 7 Ans. (a) 4m
Equation of normal at P , is
2 4 Given, parabola
⇒
30
= 30 m ⇒ m2 =
1
x = 2y − 4 y 2 = 8x ...(i) 4m 4
This normal cuts the parabola at Q (2, 3) Equation of tangent at P(2, − 4) is 1
⇒ m= ±
1
2 2
− 4y = 4 (x + 2)
(PQ ) 2 = 2 + + 3 − =
7 125 2
2 4 16 or x + y + 2 = 0 ...(ii) ∴ Equation of tangent is
and Equation of normal to the parabola is x
y = + 15
169 The length of the latus rectum of a x − y + C =0 2
parabola, whose vertex and focus ∴Normal passes through (2, − 4) x
or y = − − 15
are on the positive X-axis at a ∴ C = −6 2
distance R and S (> R) respectively Normal: x − y =6 ...(iii) Now equation of circle is
from the origin, is Equation of directrix of parabola 675
x 2 + y 2 + 30 x + =0
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] x = −2 ...(iv) 4
Coordinate Geometry 311
Let perpendicular distance of the Y Normal at (2, 2) ⇒y − 2 = − 2(x − 2)
tangent from the centre (−15, 0) of the (4, 4) R N i ⇒ y = − 2x + 6
circle = p x=2 R is point of intersection ofT and line
−15 y =0
+ 15 x=4
2 X' X R (− 2, 0)
∴ p= =3 5 (0, 0)
1 t2
1+
4 (2,2) = , t ⇔ t = 2
(4, –4) S 2
∴ Length of chord = 2 r 2 − p2 Y'
If normal at t 1 meets the parabola again
675 1 at t 2 ,
= 2 152 + 0 − − 45 ∴Area = × 4 × 4 × 2 = 16 sq units
4 2 t2 = − t1 −
2
t1
=3 5
175 The equation of a circle is 2
where, r is radius of the given circle. − t2 = − 2 − = − 3
Re(z 2 ) + 2[Im(z)] 2 + 2Re(z) = 0. 2
174 Let a parabola P be such that its where, z = x + iy . A line which ∴ t2 = 3
passes through the center of the 1 1 9
vertex and focus lie on the positive R : (at , 2at 2 ) ⇒ ⋅9, 2 ⋅ ⋅ 3 ⇒ , 3
2
given circle and the vertex of the
2
2 2 2
X-axis at a distance
2 and 4 units from the origin, parabola, x 2 − 6x − y + 13 = 0, has 9
∴P(2, 2), Q (− 2, 1), R , 3
respectively. If tangents are drawn y-intercept equal to …… . 2
[2021, 25 July Shift-II]
from O(0, 0) to the parabola P which 1 1 1
Ans. (1) 1 9
meet P at S and R, then the area (in Area = 2 −2
2 2
sq. units) of ∆SOR is equal to The equation of circle
2 1 3
[2021, 25 July Shift-I] Re(z 2 ) + 2[Im(z)] 2 + 2 Re(z) = 0, where
z = x + iy 25
(a) 16 2 ⇒Area =
(b) 16 ⇒ (x 2 − y 2 ) + 2y 2 + 2x = 0 2
(c) 32 [Qz 2 = (x 2 − y 2 ) + 2xyi]
(d) 8 2 ⇒ x + y 2 + 2x = 0
2
177 Let y = mx + c, m> 0 be the focal
Ans. (b) ⇒ (x + 1) 2 + y 2 = 1 chord of y 2 = −64x, which is
Y Centre = (− 1, 0) tangent to (x + 10) 2 + y 2 = 4. Then,
Now, parabola ⇒x 2 − 6x − y + 13 = 0 the value of 4 2 (m + c) is equal to
⇒ x 2 − 6x + 9 = y − 4 ……… . [2021, 20 July Shift-I]
⇒ (x − 3) 2 = y − 4 Ans. (34)
X' X
O Vertex =
Equation of circle ⇒(x + 10) 2 + y 2 = 4
Equation of line passing through centre (
Equation of tangent to circle
− 1, 0) and vertex (3, 4) is
4−0 x 2 + y 2 = a 2 is y = mx ± a 1 + m2
y −0 = (x + 1) ⇒ y = x + 1
x=0 x=2 x=4 3+ 1 Here, equation of tangent
Equation of parabola ⇒y 2 = 4a (x − 2) On comparing, y = mx + c y = m(x + 10) ± 2 1 + m2
a =2 ⇒ y-intercept = 1 ⇒ y = mx + 10 m ± 2 1 + m2
So, y 2 = 8(x − 2)
176 Let the tangent to the parabola On comparing this equation with
Equation of tangent y = mx + c, we get
⇒ y = m(x − 2) +
2 S: y 2 = 2x at the point P (2, 2) meet
c = 10 m ± 2 1 + m2 …(i)
m the X-axis at Q and normal at it
It pases through (0, 0), meet the parabola S at the point R. This equation is also a focal chord of
2 Then, the area (in square units) of y 2 = − 64x whose focus is at (− 16, 0). So,
0 = − 2m + it must pass through (− 16, 0).
m ∆PQR is equal to
y = mx + c
⇒ m2 = 1 ⇒ m = ± 1 [2021, 20 July Shift-I]
25 35 ⇒ 0 = − 16m + c
Equation ⇒y = ± ( x − 2) ± 2 (a) (b)
2 2 ∴ c = 16 m ...(ii)
y = x or y = − x
15 From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
If y = x (c) (d) 25
2 16m = 10 m ± 2 1 + m2
⇒ x 2 = 8(x − 2)
⇒ x 2 − 8x + 16 = 0 Ans. (a) ⇒ 6m = ± 2 1 + m2
⇒ (x − 4) 2 = 0 ⇒x = 4 y = 2x
2
⇒ 9m2 = 1 + m2
y = ±4 At (2, 2), equation of tangent 1
⇒ m= (as m> 0)
So, points are (4, 4), (4, −4) and (0, 0). ⇒ y (2) = (x + 2) 2 2
Ti ⇒ 2y = x + 2
312 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
1 3b − a 3a − b
2
As, there are three normals which are
∴ c = 16 m = 16 ⋅ =4 2 = 4 +1
2 2 2 2 passing through (a, 0), so there must be
three roots of this equation.
1 (3b − a)
So, 4 2 (m + c) = 4 2 + 4 2 = (3a − b) 2 + 1 t 3 + (2 − 2a)t − 20 . =0
2 2 2
⇒ t 3 + (2 − 2a)t = 0
= 2 + 32 = 34 ⇒ (3b − a) = 2(3a − b) 2 + 2
∴ t 1 + t 2 + t 3 = − (2 − 2a) = 2a − 2
Replace (a,b) as (x, y)
and t 1t 2 + t 2 t 3 + t 3t 1 = 0
178 Let P be a variable point on the ⇒ (3y − x) = 2(3x − y) 2 + 2
t1, t2 , t3 ∈ R
parabola y = 4x 2 + 1. Then, the locus or 2(3x − y) 2 + (x − 3y) + 2 = 0
So, t 12 + t 22 + t 32 > 0
of the mid point of the point P and
(t 1 + t 2 + t 3 ) 2 − 2(t 1t 2 + t 2 t 3 + t 3t 1 ) > 0
the foot of the perpendicular drawn 179 If the point on the curve y 2 = 6x,
⇒ (2a − 2) 2 − 20 . >0
from the point P to the line y = x is 3
nearest to the point 3, is (α,β) , ⇒ a> 1
[2021, 20 July Shift-II]
2
(a) (3x − y) 2 + (x − 3y) + 2 = 0
then 2 (α + β) is equal to 181 Let C be the locus of the mirror
(b) 2(3x − y) 2 + (x − 3y) + 2 = 0
[2021, 20 July Shift-II] image of a point on the parabola
(c) (3x − y) + 2(x − 3y) + 2 = 0
2
Ans. (9) y 2 = 4x with respect to the line y = x.
(d) 2(x − 3y) 2 + (3x − y) + 2 = 0
Shortest distance is along the normal. Then, the equation of tangent to C
Ans. (b)
(α, β) at P (2, 1) is [2021, 16 March Shift-II]
Given, parabola y = 4x 2 + 1
(a) x − y = 1 (b) 2x + y = 5
P
(3, 3/2) (c) x + 3y = 5 (d) x + 2y = 5
1
R Ans. (a)
Q
The mirror image of any point (α,β) with
respect to line y = x is simply (β, α).
y=x
Let (h, k) be the mirror image of a point on
Equation of normal at (α, β)
parabola y 2 = 4ax
β
Let R (a, b) be mid-point of line joining y − β = − (x − α) Then, (k, h) will be the mirror image of
2a
point P and Q where PQ is perpendicular (h, k) and it will lie on parabola.
to line y = x. (Qy 2 = 4ax ⇒4a = 6 ⇒2a = 3)
So, y 2 = 4x
Let coordinates of P be P (x, y), Q (q, q) and ⇒ 3y − 3β = − β( x − α)
h2 = 4k
x+q y+q 3
R (a,b) then, a = and b = This normal pass through 3, . ⇒ x 2 = 4y
2 2 2
Hence, Locus is x = 4y 2
…(i)
Now, slope of line y = x is m1 = 1 9
− 3β = − 3β + αβαβ =
9
...(i) For finding equation of tangent
Slope of line PQ be 2 2
differentiate Eq. (i) w.r.t. x
b −q Now, from y 2 = 6 β 2 = 6α ...(ii)
= m2 (say) dy
a −q From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 2x = 4
dx
QLine y = x and PQ are perpendicular to 3 dy 2x x
α = ,β = 3 ⇒ = =
each other, 2 dx 4 2
m1 ⋅ m2 = − 1 3 3 + 6
∴ 2(α + β) = 2 + 3 = 2 =9 dy 2
b −q 2 2 ⇒ = =1
⇒ = − 1 ⇒ b −q =q −a dx 2 , 1 2
a −q
y−1
b+a 180 If the three normals drawn to the ⇒ = 1 ⇒y − 1 = x − 2,
⇒ q= x −2
2 parabola, y 2 = 2x pass through the
x +q y=x−1
∴ a= point (a, 0), a ≠ 0, then a must be
2 ∴Equation of tangent ⇒y = x − 1
greater than [2021, 16 March Shift-I]
b + a ⇒ x−y=1
x+ 1 1
2 2x + b + a (a) (b) −
= = 2 2 182 A line is a common tangent to the
2 4 (c) −1 (d) 1
4a − b − a 3a − b circle (x − 3) 2 + y 2 = 9 and the
⇒ x= = Ans. (d) parabola y 2 = 4x. If the two points
2 2
Given, equation of parabola ⇒y 2 = 2x of contact (a, b) and (c, d) are
b + a
y+ Equation of normal of parabola, y 2 = 4ax distinct and lie in the first quadrant,
y+q 2 2y + b + a
and b = = = is tx + y = 2at + at 3
2 2 4 then 2(a + c) is equal to ………… .
Here, 4a = 2 [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
3b − a
⇒ y= So, a = 1 /2 Ans. (9)
2
So, equation of normal ⇒tx + y = t + t 3 /2 Given, circle ⇒ (x − 3) 2 + y 2 = 9
Put (x, y) in equation of parabola as P (x, y)
is variable point on parabola t 3 + (2 − 2x)t − 2y = 0 Parabola ⇒y 2 = 4x
Coordinate Geometry 313
Let equation of common tangent be Ans. (c) From the option look for b = 1 and
Given, parabola ⇒y 2 = 6x a+ c=1
3 The only correct order triplet isa = 1,
(c, d) ⇒ y 2 = 4 x [∴y 2 = 4ax] b = 1, c = 0.
(a, b) 2
and given, line ⇒ 2x + y = 1. 185 If P is a point on the parabola
QEquation of any tangent to the y = x 2 + 4 which is closest to the
parabola having slope m is
3
y = mx + 3 /2m [Qa = 3 /2]
straight line y = 4x − 1, then the
Slope of line2x + y = 1 is m1 = − 2
coordinates of P are
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
QTangent is perpendicular to this line,
1 1 (a) (3, 13) (b) (1, 5)
∴Slope of tangent = m2 = − = (c) (− 2, 8) (d) (2, 8)
a m1 2
y = mx +
m ∴Equation of tangent will be
Ans. (d)
⇒ y = mx +
1
(Qy = 4x)
2 1 3 Given, curve y = x 2 + 4
y = x + ×2
m 2 2 and, line y = 4x − 1
⇒m2 x − my + 1 = 0 ⇒ y= +3
x Here, y = x 2 + 4
The above line is tangent to circle. 2
∴Perpendicular from (3, 0) to line = 3 or 2y = x + 6 y=x2+4
(3m2 − 0 + 1) or x − 2y + 6 = 0
⇒ = 3 Clearly, on putting the coordinates of
m +m
2 4
point (5, 4), the equation of tangent is not
⇒(3m2 + 1) 2 = 9(m2 + m4 ) satisfie(d) P (x1, y1) y=4x–1
1 ∴Point (5, 4) does not lie on this tangent.
⇒ m= ±
3
1
184 If the curve y = ax 2 + bx + c, x ∈R,
Tangent is y = x+ 3
3 passes through the point (1,2) and
dy
1 the tangent line to this curve at ∴ = 2x … (i)
⇒ m= dx
3 origin is y = x, then the possible
values of a, b, c are and y = 4x − 1
(−1)
or y= × (− 3) (rejected) [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
dy
=4 … (ii)
3 dx
1 1
For parabola, point of contact is (a) a = , b = , c = 1
2 2 Let the required point be P (x 1 , y 1 ).
a 2a (b) a = 1, b = 0, c = 1 dy
(c, d) = 2 , ∴ = 2x 1 … (iii)
m n
(c) a = 1, b = 1, c = 0 dx P
∴ (c, d) = (3, 2 3) (d) a = − 1, b = 1, c = 1 QSlopes will be equal.
Again, solve circle and line equation, we Ans. (c) ∴ 2x 1 = 4 [from Eqs. (ii) and (iii)]
get
Given, curve ⇒y = ax 2 + bx + c, x ∈ R and 4
1
2
⇒ x1 = = 2
(x − 3) 2 + x + 3 = 9 point 2
3 (1, 2)
Now, the given point P (x 1 , y 1 ) lies on curve
1 2 QThe given curve passes through (1, 2). y = x 2 + 4,
⇒x + 9 − 6x + x + 3 + 2x = 9
2
3 ∴ 2=a + b + c
∴ y 1 = x 12 + 4
⇒
4 2
x − 4x + 3 = 0 Also, slope of tangent of y = ax 2 + bx + c
3 dy
is = 2ax + b ⇒ y 1 = 22 + 4 = 8
3 dx Hence, required coordinate of P = (2, 8)
⇒ x = =a
2 QTangent passes through origin (0, 0).
3 ∴
dy
= 2a × 0 + b = b 186 The locus of the mid-point of the
∴ 2(a + c) = 2 + 3 = 9 … (i)
2 dx (0 , 0 ) line segment joining the focus of
According to the question, tangent at the parabola y 2 = 4ax to a moving
183 A tangent is drawn to the parabola origin is y = x point of the parabola, is another
y 2 = 6x, which is perpendicular to ∴Its slope is 1. … (ii) parabola whose directrix is
the line 2x + y = 1. Which of the From Eqs. (i) and (ii), [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
following points does not lie on it? b=1 a
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] (a) x = a (b) x = −
Also, a + b + c = 2 2
(a) (–6, 0) (b) (4, 5)
⇒ a + c + 1=2 a
(c) (5, 4) (d) (0, 3) (c) x = 0 (d) x =
⇒ a+ c=1 2
314 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (c) ⇒ t =2 3 189 If the common tangent of the
Given, equation of parabola ⇒y 2 = 4ax ∴Area of equilateral ∆ OAB parabolas, y 2 = 4x and x 2 = 4y also
Focus = S (a, 0) 3 touches the circle, x 2 + y 2 = c 2 ,
=(8 × 2 3) 2
Let any point on the parabola be 4 then c is equal to
P (at 2 , 2at). = 192 3 sq unit [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
P (at2, 2at) 1 1 1 1
Hence, option (c) is correct. (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 4 2 2 2
M (h, k)
188 Let P be a point on the parabola, Ans. (a)
y 2 = 12x and N be the foot of the Equation of tangent to the parabola
perpendicular drawn from P on the y 2 = 4x having slope ‘m’ is 1
S (a, 0)
axis of the parabol(a) A line is now y = mx + …(i)
m
drawn through the mid-point M and QLine (i) is also tangent to the parabola
PN, parallel to its axis which meets x 2 = 4y
the parabola at Q. If the y-intercept 4
So, the discriminant of x 2 − 4mx − = 0
4 m
and let the mid-point of PS be M(h, k). of the line NQ is , then 16
3 must be zero, so 16m2 + = 0 ⇒m = − 1
at 2 + a 2at + 0
∴ h= ;k = [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
m
2 2 Therefore, the equation of common
1
2h − a k k2 (a) PN = 4 (b) MQ = tangent to given parabolas is
⇒ t = 2
;t = ⇒ t2 = 2 3
a a a
1 x + y + 1=0 …(ii)
2h − a k 2 k2 (c) MQ = (d) PN = 3
Now, = 2 ⇒ 2h − a = 4 It is given that line (ii) is tangent to the
a a a circle x 2 + y 2 = c 2
⇒ k 2 = a (2h − a)
Ans. (c) 1
∴ c=
∴Locus of (h, k) is y 2 = a (2x − a) Equation of given parabola is 2
a y 2 = 12x … (i)
y 2 = 2a x −
2 2
Now, let a point P (3 t ,6 t) on the 190 If the lines x + y = a and x − y = b
∴The directrix of this parabola is parabola, since pointN is the foot of touch the curve y = x 2 − 3x + 2 at
a a
x − = − ⇒x = 0. perpendicular drawn from P on the axis the points where the curve
2 2 of the parabola a
intersects the X-axis, then is
187 The area (in sq. units) of an (i.e. X-axis) so coordinate of N is (3 t 2 ,0) b
equilateral triangle inscribed in the and M is mid-point of PN, so coordinate equal to …… . [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
of M is (3 t 2 , 3 t). Now, equation of the Ans. (0.5)
parabola y 2 = 8x, with one of its
vertices on the vertex of this parallel to the axis of parabola through As given curve y = x 2 − 3x + 2 intersect
point M is the X-axis at x = 1 and x = 2.
parabola, is [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
y = 3t … (ii) And it is given that the lines x + y = a and
(a) 64 3 (b) 256 3 x − y = b touches the curve y = x 2 − 3x + 2
(c) 192 3 (d) 128 3 So point of intersection of parabola (i)
and at point (1, 0) and (2, 0).
Ans. (c) 3t2 dy dy
line (ii) is Q , 3t , so equation of line And as = − 1 and =1
Equation of given parabola is y 2 = 8x and 4 dx x = 1 dx x = 2
the equilateral triangle inscribed in the
NQ is ∴ a = 1 and b = 2
given parabola having one of its vertices 3t a 1
on the vertex of the parabola, so y −0 = 2 (x − 3t 2 ) … (iii) ∴ = = 0.5.
3t b 2
according to symmetry other two − 3t 2
vertices of the equilateral triangle, we 4
can take as, A (2t 2 ,4t) and B (2t 2 , 4t) For y-intercept made by line (iii) put x = 0 191 Let L 1 be a tangent to the parabola
∴ Area of ∆ OAB is then y 2 = 4(x + 1) and L2 be a tangent to
1 3 1 12t 4
∆ = (2t 2 ) (8t) = (8t) 2 y= (− 3t) = = [given] the parabola y 2 = 8(x + 2) such that
2 4 (1 /4) − 1 3 3
L 1 and L2 intersect at right angles.
A(2t2, 4t) 1
Y y2=8x ⇒ t= Then, L 1 and L2 meet on the
3
straight line [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
1
∴ P , 2 , N , 0 , M , 1 , Q , 1
1 1 1
3 3 3 12 (a) x + 3 = 0 (b) 2 x + 1 = 0
8t (c) x + 2 = 0 (d) x + 2 y = 0
X ∴ PN = 2,
O 1 1 1 Ans. (a)
and MQ = − =
3 12 4 Since equation of tangent to the
Hence, option (c) is correct. parabola y 2 = 4(x + 1) having slope ‘m’ is
B(2t2, –4t)
Coordinate Geometry 315
1 106 16 9h2 = 4(3k + 2)
y = m(x + 1) + ∴ x+ = 18 ⇒ x = −
m 5 5 On taking locus of point P (h, k), we have
1 16 53 9x 2 = 12y + 8 ⇒ 9x 2 − 12y = 8
⇒ y = mx + m + …(i) ∴Coordinate of centre is − , .
m 5 10 Hence, option (c) is correct.
Similarly, equation of tangent to the
parabola y 2 = 8 (x + 2) having slope m′ is 193 If y = mx + 4 is a tangent to both the 195 Let a line y = mx (m > 0) intersect
y = m′ (x + 2) +
2
parabolas, y 2 = 4x and x 2 = 2by, the parabola, y 2 = x at a point P,
m′ other than the origin. Let the
then b is equal to
2 tangent to it at P meet the X-axis
⇒ y = m′ x + 2m′ + …(ii) [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
m′ at the point Q. If area (∆OPQ) = 4 sq.
(a) −32 (b) −128 (c) −64 (d) 128
QIt is given that tangents (i) and (ii) are Ans. (b) units, then m is equal to ........
perpendicular so mm′ = − 1 [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
As we know, equation of tangent to the
∴ Eq. (ii) becomes as Ans. (0.5)
1 2 parabola y 2 = 4x, having slope ‘m’ is
y = − x − 2m − …(iii) 1 It is given that line y = mx intersect the
m m y = mx + …(i)
m parabola y 2 = x, so on solving the line
Let tangents (i) and (iii) intersects each y = mx and parabola y 2 = x, we get
other at point P (h, k), so On comparing the Eq. (i) with the 1
equation of given tangent y = mx + 4, we m2 x 2 = x ⇒ x = 0, 2
(h + 1) m2 − km + 1 = 0 m
get ∴ Point of intersections are (0, 0) and
and 2m2 + km + (h + 2) = 0
h + 1 −k 1 1 1 1 .
∴ = =
1
⇒ h+ 3=0 = 4 ⇒m = 2,
m 4 m m 1 1
2 k h+ 2 ∴ Point P is 2 ,
1 m m
On taking locus of point P (h, k), we get ∴Equation of the tangent is y = x + 4,
4
x + 3=0 Now equation of tangent to parabola
now it is tangent to the parabola
y 2 = x at
x 2 = 2by, so on solving the equation of
1 1
192 The centre of the circle passing 1
parabola x 2 = 2by and tangent y = x + 4, P 2 , isT = 0
4 m m
through the point (0, 1) and 1 1 1
we must get only a common point, so ⇒ y = x + 2
touching the parabola y = x 2 at the 2 m
…(i)
x 2 = 2b x + 4
1 m
point (2, 4) is [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II] 4 Q Tangent (i) meet the X-axis at point Q,
−53 16 6 53 1
(a) , (b) , ⇒2x − bx − 16b = 0 is a quadratic
2
so point Q is − 2 , 0 .
10 5 5 10 m
equation having one solution.
3 16 16 53 So, D = 0 ⇒ b 2 + 4(2)(16b) = 0
(c) , (d) − ,
10 5 5 10 0 0 1
⇒ b = − 128 [Qb cannot be zero]
1 1 1
Ans. (d) Now, area of ∆OPQ = | 2 1|
194 The locus of a point which divides 2 m m
It is given that circle passes through the 1
points A(0, 1) and B (2, 4), so the centre of the line segment joining the point − 0 1
m
2
the circle is point of intersection of (0, − 1) and a point on the parabola,
=
1 1
perpendicular bisector of AB and the x 2 = 4y, internally in the ratio 1 : 2, = 4
normal to the parabola y = x 2 at point 2m3
B (2, 4), as circle touches the parabola at is [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] 1
⇒ m = = 0.5
point B (2, 4) itself. (a) 4 x 2 − 3y = 2 2
Now, equation of normal to the parabola (b) x 2 − 3y = 2 Hence, answer is 0.5.
y = x 2 at point B (2, 4) is (c) 9 x 2 − 12 y = 8
1
y − 4 = − (x − 2) (d) 9 x 2 − 3y = 2 196 If one end of a focal chord AB of
the parabola y 2 = 8x is at A , − 2 ,
4 Ans. (c) 1
⇒ x + 4y = 18 ...(i) Let a point on parabola x = 4y is A (x 1 , y 1 ),
2 2
and equation of perpendicular bisector So x 1 = 4y 1
2
…(i) then the equation of the tangent to
of points A(0, 1) and B (2,4) is
5 2 and an another point P (h, k) which divides it at B is
y − = − (x − 1) the line segment joining the point B(0, − 1) (a) x − 2 y + 8 = 0 (b) x + 2 y + 8 = 0
2 3 and A (x 1 , y 1 ) internally in the ratio 1 : 2, so
⇒ 4x + 6y = 19 (c) 2 x + y − 24 = 0 (d) 2 x − y − 24 = 0
...(ii) (2 × 0) + (1 × x 1 )
h=
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), the required centre 2+ 1 [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
will get 2 × (−1) + (1 × y 1 ) Ans. (a)
4x + 16y = 72 and k=
2+ 1 Equation of given parabola y 2 = 8x
4x + 6y = 19
− − − ⇒ x 1 = 3h and y 1 = 3k + 2 …(ii) and one end of a focal chord AB is
53 Now, on the elimination of (x 1 , y 1 ) with the 1
10 y = 53 ⇒ y = A ,− 2 .
help of Eq. (i) and relation (ii), we get 2
10
316 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
As, we know, if one end of a focal chord
9 − 1
Since, slope of line passing through
of parabola y 2 = 4ax is (at 2 , 2at), then Now, minimum distance = PM = 4 2
(x 1 , y 1 ) and (x 2 , y 2 ) is given by
other end will be 2 y − y1
m = tanθ = 2 .
a , −2a , so other end point [Qdistance of a point P (x 1 , y 1 ) from a line x2 − x1
2
t t |ax + by 1 + c | ∴ Slope of focal chord having one end
ax + by + c = 0 is 1 4−0 4
7 a2 + b2 point is (1, 4) is m = tanα = =−
− = 1 −4 3
B , = B(8, 8)
2 4 units
2 −1 4 2 [where, ‘α’ is the inclination of focal chord
− 1 with X-axis]
2 2
198 The tangent to the parabola y 2 = 4x Since, the length of focal chord
Now, equation of tangent of parabola = 4a cosec 2 α
at the point where it intersects the
y 2 = 8x at point B(8, 8) isT =0
circle x 2 + y 2 = 5 in the first ∴ The required length of the focal chord
⇒ 8y = 4(x + 8) quadrant, passes through the point = 16 [1 + cot2 α]
⇒ x − 2y + 8 = 0 [2019, 8 April Shift-II] [Qa = 4 and cosec 2 α = 1 + cot2 α]
= 16 1 + = 25 units
Hence, option (a) is correct. 9
1 3 3 7
(a) , (b) , 16
4 4 4 4
197 The shortest distance between the 1 3
line y = x and curve y 2 = x − 2 is 1 4
(c) − ,
1 1
(d) − , Qcotα = tanα = − 4
[2019, 8 April Shift-I] 3 3 4 2
7 7 11
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) Ans. (b) 200 The area (in sq units) of the smaller
8 4 2 4 2
Given equations of the parabola of the two circles that touch the
Ans. (c)
y 2 = 4x …(i) parabola, y 2 = 4x at the point (1, 2)
Given equation of curve is and circle x + y 2 = 5
2
…(ii) and the X-axis is
y2 = x − 2 …(i) So, for point of intersection of curves (i) [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
and the equation of line is and (ii), put y 2 = 4x in Eq. (ii), we get
(a) 8 π( 3 − 2 2 ) (b) 4 π (3 + 2 )
y=x …(ii) x 2 + 4x − 5 = 0
Y y=x (c) 8 π (2 − 2 ) (d) 4 π (2 − 2 )
y2=x–2 ⇒ x + 5x − x − 5 = 0
2
Ans. (a)
M ⇒ (x − 1)(x + 5) = 0 ⇒x = 1, − 5
Given parabola y 2 = 4x …(i)
P(t2+2, t) For first quadrant x = 1, so y = 2.
So, equation of tangent to parabola (i) at
Now, equation of tangent of parabola (i) at
point (1, 2) is 2y = 2(x + 1)
O (2, 0)
X point (1, 2) isT = 0
[Qequation of the tangent to the
⇒ 2y = 2(x + 1)
parabolay 2 = 4ax at a point (x 1 , y 1 )is
⇒ x − y + 1=0 given by yy 1 = 2a (x + x 1 )]
3 7
The point , satisfies, the equation ⇒ y=x+ 1 …(ii)
Consider a point P (t 2 + 2, t) on parabola 4 4
Now, equation of circle, touch the
(i). of line parabola at point (1, 2) is
x − y + 1=0
For the shortest distance between curve (x − 1) 2 + (y − 2) 2 + λ (x − y + 1) = 0
(i) and line (ii), the line PM should be ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + (λ − 2) x + (−4 − λ) y
perpendicular to line (ii) and parabola (i), 199 If one end of a focal chord of the
+ (5 + λ) = 0 …(iii)
i.e. tangent at P should be parallel to parabola, y 2 = 16x is at (1, 4), then
y = x. Also, Circle (iii) touches the x-axis, so
the length of this focal chord is g2 = c
dy
∴ [2019, 9 April Shift-I] 2
λ − 2
dx at point P (a) 22 (b) 25 (c) 24 (d) 20 ⇒ =5+ λ
2
= Slope of tangent at point P to curve (i) Ans. (b)
=1 [Qtangent is parallel to line ⇒ λ2 − 4λ + 4 = 4λ + 20
Key Idea ⇒ λ2 − 8λ − 16 = 0
y = x]
(i) First find the focus of the given 8 ± 64 + 64
1 ⇒ λ=
⇒ =1 parabola
2y P 2
(ii) Then, find the slope of the focal
[differentiating the curve (i), we get y − y1 ⇒ λ = 4 ± 32 = 4 ± 4 2
dy chord by using m = 2
2y = 1 ] x2 − x1 Now, radius of circle is r = g 2 + f 2 − c
dx
⇒
1
= 1 ⇒t =
1 (iii) Now, find the length of the focal ⇒ r = |f | [Qg 2 = c]
chord by using the formula4a
2t 2
cose(c) 2 α =λ + 4
= 8 + 4 2
[QP (x, y) = P (t 2 + 2, t)] 2 2
9 1 Equation of given parabola is y 2 = 16x, its 8−4 2
So, the point P is , . or
4 2 focus is (4, 0). 2
Coordinate Geometry 317
8−4 2
For least area r = = 4 − 2 2 units Ans. (c) such that the area of ∆ACB is
2 Given equation of parabola is maximum. Then, the area (in sq.
So, area = πr 2 = π (16 + 8 − 16 2) y = (x − 2) 2 − 1 units) of ∆ACB, is
= 8 π(3 − 2 2) sq unit ⇒ y = x 2 − 4x + 3 …(i) [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
Now, let (x 1 , y 1 ) be the point of 1 3 1
(a) 31 (b) 32 (c) 31 (d) 30
201 If the line ax + y = c, touches both intersection of tangents of parabola (i) 4 4 2
the curves x 2 + y 2 = 1 and and line. Ans. (a)
y 2 = 4 2x, then | c | is equal to x − y = 3, then
According to given information, we have
[2019, 10 April Shift-II] Equation of chord of contact of point the following figure.
1 1 (x 1 , y 1 ) w.r.t. parabola (i) is
(a) (b) 2 (c) 2 (d)
2 2 T =0 C (t2, 2t) B (9, 6)
1
Ans. (c) ⇒ (y + y 1 ) = xx 1 − 2(x + x 1 ) + 3
2
Key Idea Use the equation of tangent of ⇒ y + y 1 = 2x (x 1 −2) − 4x 1 + 6
slope ⇒ 2x (x 1 − 2) − y = 4 x 1 + y 1 − 6,
‘m’ to the parabola y 2 = 4ax is this equation represent the line x − y = 3
a only, so on comparing, we get
y = mx + and a line ax + by + c = 0
2(x 1 − 2) − 1 4x 1 + y 1 − 6
m = = A (4, –4)
touches the circle 1 −1 3
|c | 5
x 2 + y 2 = r 2 , if = r. ⇒ x 1 = and y 1 = − 1 For y 2 = 4ax, parametric coordinates of a
a2 + b2 2 point is (at 2 , 2at).
5 ∴For y 2 = 4x, let coordinates ofC be
Since, equation of given parabola is So, the required point is , − 1 .
y 2 = 4 2x and equation of tangent line is 2 (t 2 , 2t).
ax + y = c or y = − ax + c, t 2 2t 1
203 Axis of a parabola lies along X-axis. 1
then c =
2
=
2 Then, area of ∆ABC = 9 6 1
m −a If its vertex and focus are at 2
4 −4 1
[Qm = slope of line = − a] distances 2 and 4 respectively from
1 2
[Qline y = mx + c touches the the origin, on the positive X-axis, = |t (6 − (− 4)) − 2t (9 − 4) + 1(− 36 − 24) |
parabola y 2 = 4ax iff c = a / m]. then which of the following points 2
1 10 2
Then, equation of tangent line becomes does not lie on it? = | 10t 2 − 10t − 60 | = |t − t − 6 |
2 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
2 2
y = − ax − …(i) = 5 |t2 − t − 6 |
a (a) (4, −4) (b) (6, 4 2)
Let A (t) = 5 | t 2 − t − 6 | ...(i)
QLine (i) is also tangent to the circle (c) (8, 6) (d) (5, 2 6)
x 2 + y 2 = 1. Clearly, A (4, − 4) ≡ A (t 12 , 2t 1 ) ⇒2t 1 = − 4
Ans. (c)
2 ⇒ t 1 = − 2 and B (9, 6) ≡ B (t 22 ,2t 2 )
− According to given information, we have
⇒ 2t 2 = 6 ⇒ t 2 = 3
a the following figure.
∴ Radius = 1 = Since,C is on the arc AOB, the parameter
1 + a2 Y ‘t’ for point C ∈ (− 2, 3).
⇒ 1 + a2 = −
2 Let f (t) = t 2 − t − 6 ⇒f ′ (t) = 2t − 1
a 1
Now, f ′ (t) = 0 ⇒t =
2 X 2
⇒ 1 + a2 = [squaring both sides] (2, 0) (4, 0)
1
a2 Thus, for A (t), critical point is att =
2
⇒a 4 + a 2 − 2 = 0 ⇒ (a 2 + 2) (a 2 − 1) = 0 2
⇒ a2 = 1 [Qa 2 > 0, ∀ a ∈ R] 1 1 1 125 1
Now, A = 5 − − 6 = = 31
2 Now, if the origin is shifted to (2, 0) and 2 2 2 4 4
∴ |c |= = 2 (X, Y ) are the coordinates with respect to
|a | [using Eq. (i)]
new origin, then equation of parabola is
Y 2 = 4aX,
202 The tangents to the curve 205 If the parabolas y 2 = 4b(x − c) and
where, X = x − 2 and Y = y and a = 4 − 2 = 2
y = (x − 2) 2 − 1 at its points of ∴ y 2 = 8(x − 2)
y 2 = 8ax have a common normal,
intersection with the line x − y = 3, Note that (8, 6) is the only point which
then which one of the following is a
intersect at the point does not satisfy the equation. valid choice for the ordered triad
[2019, 12 April Shift-II] (a, b, c) ? [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
5
(a) , 1
5
(b) − , − 1
204 Let A (4, − 4) and B(9, 6) be points on 1
(a) , 2, 0 (b) (1, 1, 0)
2 2 2
the parabola, y 2 = 4x. Let C be
5 5 chosen on the arc AOB of the 1
(c) , − 1 (d) − , 1 (c) (1, 1, 3) (d) , 2, 3
2 2 parabola, where O is the origin, 2
318 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (c) 207 The length of the chord of the y 2 = 4x [Qa = 1]
Normal to parabola y = 4ax is given by
2
parabola x 2 = 4y having equation Let, this tangent is also a tangent to the
hyperbola xy = 2
y = mx − 2am − am3 x − 2y + 4 2 = 0 is 1
∴ Normal to parabola y 2 = 4b (x − c) is [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] Now, on substituting y = mx + in xy = 2,
m
y = m(x − c) − 2bm − bm3 (a) 8 2 (b) 2 11 (c) 3 2 (d) 6 3 we get
[replacinga by b and x by x − c] 1
Ans. (d) x mx + = 2.
= mx − (2b + c) m − bm3 … (i) m
Given, equation of parabola is x 2 = 4y …(i)
and normal to parabola y 2 = 8ax is ⇒ m2 x 2 + x − 2m = 0
y = mx − 4am − 2am3 …(ii) and the chord is x − 2y + 4 2 = 0 …(ii)
Note that tangent touch the curve
[replacing a by2a] From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
exactly at one point, therefore both
For common normal, we should have [ 2 (y − 4)] 2 = 4y roots of above equations are equal.
mx − 4am − 2am3 = mx − (2b + c) m − bm3 ⇒ 2(y − 4) 2 = 4y ⇒ D = 0 ⇒1 = 4(m2 ) (− 2m)
[using Eqs. (i) and (ii)] ⇒ (y − 4) 2 = 2y 3
1 1
⇒ y − 8y + 16 = 2y
2 ⇒ m3 = − ⇒ m = −
4am + 2am3 = (2b + c) m + bm3 2 2
⇒ (2a − b) m3 + (4a − 2b − c) m = 0 ⇒ y 2 − 10 y + 16 = 0 …(iii)
∴ Required equation of tangent is
⇒ m((2a − b) m2 + (4a − 2b − c)) = 0 Y x
2b + c − 4a c y = − − 2 ⇒ 2y = − x − 4
⇒ m = 0 or m2 = = −2 A x– √ 2 y+4 √ 2 =0 2
2a − b 2a − b (x1 , y1 ) ⇒ x + 2y + 4 = 0
c
As, m2 > 0, therefore >2 B (x2 y2 )
2a − b O
X 209 If the area of the triangle whose
Note that if m = 0, then all options satisfy one vertex is at the vertex of the
(Qy = 0 is a common normal) and if
parabola, y 2 + 4(x − a 2 ) = 0 and the
common normal is other than the axis,
then only option (c) satisfies. Let the roots of Eq. (iii) be y 1 and y 2 other two vertices are the points of
c 3 Then, y 1 + y 2 = 10 and y 1 y 2 = 16 … (iv) intersection of the parabola and
Qfor option (c), 2a − b = 2 − 1 = 3 > 2 Again from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have Y-axis, is 250 sq units, then a value
x of ‘
a ’ is [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
206 The shortest distance between the x2 = 4 + 4 (a) 5 5 (b) 5 (c) 5(21 / 3 ) (d) (10) 2 / 3
3 2
point , 0 and the curve ⇒ x 2 − 2 2x − 16 = 0
Ans. (b)
2 … (v)
Let the roots of Eq. (v) be x 1 and x 2 Vertex of parabola y 2 = − 4(x − a 2 ) is
y = x , (x > 0), is [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] (a 2 , 0).
Then, x 1 + x 2 = 2 2 and x 1 x 2 = −16 … (vi)
3 5 3 5 For point of intersection with Y-axis, put
(a) (b) (c) (d) Clearly, length of the chord AB
2 4 2 2 x = 0 in the given equation of parabol(a)
= (x 1 − x 2 ) 2 + (y 1 − y 2 ) 2 This gives, y 2 = 4a 2
Ans. (d)
= (x 1 + x 2 ) 2 − 4x 1 x 2 + (y 1 + y 2 ) 2 − 4y 1 y 2 ⇒ y = ± 2a
Let P (x 1 , y 1 ) be any point on the curve
y= x. Thus, the point of intersection are (0, 2a)
[Q(a − b) 2 = (a + b) 2 − 4ab] and (0, − 2a).
Clearly,y 1 = x 1 ⇒x 1 = y 12 [Q(x 1 , y 1 ) lies on = 8 + 64 + 100 − 64 Y
y = x]
= 108 [from Eqs. (iv) and (vi)]
∴ The point is P (y 12 , y 1 ) B (0, 2a)
=6 3
3
Now, let the given point be A , 0 , then
2
2
208 Equation of a common tangent to O A
X
3 the parabola y 2 = 4x and the (a2, 0)
PA = y 12 − + y 12
2 hyperbola xy = 2 is
9 [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] C(0, –2a)
= y 14 − 3y 12 + + y 12
4 (a) x + 2 y + 4 = 0 (b) x − 2 y + 4 = 0
(c) 4 x + 2 y + 1 = 0 (d) x + y + 1 = 0
9 From the given condition, we have
= y 14 − 2y 12 + Ans. (a)
4 Area of ∆ABC = 250
a
We know that, y = mx + is the 1
5 m ∴ (BC)(OA) = 250
= (y − 1) +
2
1
2
2
4 equation of tangent to the parabola 1
[Qarea = × base × height]
Clearly, PA will be least when y 12 − 1 = 0. y 2 = 4ax. 2
1 1
5 5 ∴ y = mx + is a tangent to the ⇒ (4a)a 2 = 250 ⇒ a 3 = 125 = 53
⇒ PA min = 0 + = m 2
4 2 parabola ∴ a=5
Coordinate Geometry 319
210 Let P (4, − 4) and Q(9, 6) be two points Ans. (c) ⇒ 100 − c = |− 5 |
on the parabola, y 2 = 4x and let X Equation of parabola is given, y = 12 − x 2 ⇒ 100 − c = 5
be any point on the arc POQ of this or x 2 = − (y − 12). ⇒ c = 95
parabola, where O is the vertex of Note that vertex of parabola is (0, 12) and
its open downwar(d) 213 Tangent and normal are drawn at
this parabola, such that the area of
Let Q be one of the vertices of rectangle P (16, 16) on the parabola y 2 = 16x,
∆PXQ is maximum. Then, this which lies on parabol(a) Then, the which intersect the axis of the
maximum area (in sq units) is coordinates of Q be (a, 12−a 2 )
[2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
parabola at A and B, respectively. If
Y C is the centre of the circle through
125 75 625 125
(a) (b) (c) (d) (0, 12)
2 2 4 4 the points P, A and B and ∠CPB = θ,
Ans. (d) then a value of tanθ is
R M Q(a, 12–a2)
[JEE Main 2018]
Given parabola is y 2 = 4x, Since, X lies on
1 4
the parabola, so let the coordinates of X (a) (b) 2 (c) 3 (d)
be (t 2 , 2t). Thus, the coordinates of the X′ X 2 3
S O P(a,0) Ans. (b)
vertices of the triangle PXQ are P (4,–4), X y=12–x2
(t 2 ,2t) and Q (9, 6). Y′ Equation of tangent and normal to the
Y Q(9,6) Then, area of rectangle PQRS curve y 2 = 16x at (16, 16) is x − 2y + 16 = 0
X (t 2,2t) y 2=4x
= 2 × (Area of rectangle PQMO) and 2x + y − 48 = 0, respectively.
[due to symmetry aboutY-axis] Y
= 2 × [a (12 − a 2 )] = 24a − 2a 3 = ∆ (let). P
(16, 16)
X′ X 2
O Area function ∆ a will be maximum, when = 0 q x+y
16 –4
d∆ x–2
y +
=0 8
=
0
da X′
B(24, 0)
X
A(–16, 0) C(4, 0)
Y′ P(4,–4) ⇒ 24 − 6a = 0 2
⇒ a 2 = 4 ⇒ a = 2 [Qa > 0]
4 −4 1
1 2 So, maximum area of rectangle
∴Area of ∆PXQ = t 2t 1 PQRS = (24 × 2) − 2 (2) 3 Y′
2
9 6 1 = 48 − 16 = 32 sq units A = (−16, 0) ; B = (24, 0)
1
= [4(2t − 6) + 4(t 2 − 9) + 1(6t 2 − 18t] C is the centre of circle passing through
2 212 If the tangent at (1, 7) to the curve PAB
1 x 2 = y − 6 touches the circle
= | [8t − 24 + 4t 2 − 36 + 6t 2 − 18t] | i.e. C = (4, 0)
2 x 2 + y 2 + 16x + 12y + c = 0, then the 16 − 0 16 4
= | 5t 2 − 5t − 30 | = | 5(t + 2) (t − 3) | Slope of PC = = = = m1
value of c is [JEE Main 2018] 16 − 4 12 3
Now, as X is any point on the arc POQ of 16 − 0 16
the parabola, therefore ordinate of point
(a) 195 (b) 185 Slope of PB = = = − 2 = m2
(c) 85 (d) 95 16 − 24 −8
X, 2t ∈ (− 4, 6)
⇒t ∈ (− 2, 3). Ans. (d) m − m2
tanθ = 1
∴ Area of ∆PXQ = − 5(t + 2) (t − 3) Key Idea Equation of tangent to the 1 + m1 m2
= − 5t 2 + 5t + 30 curve 4
[Q| x − a | = − (x − a), if x < a] y + y1
x 2 = 4ay at (x 1 , y 1 ) is xx 1 = 4a 3+2
⇒ tanθ = ⇒tanθ = 2
2 4
The maximum area (in square units) 1 − (2)
=−
25 − 4 (− 5) (30) 125 Tangent to the curve x 2 = y − 6 at (1, 7) is 3
4 (− 5) = 4 y+7
x= −6
2 214 The centres of those circles which
[Qmaximum value of quadratic
expression ax 2 + bx + c, whena < 0 is ⇒ 2x − y + 5 = 0 …(i) touch the circle,
D Equation of circle is x 2 + y 2 − 8x − 8y − 4 = 0, externally
− ]
4a x 2 + y 2 + 16x + 12y + c = 0
Centre (−8, − 6)
and also touch the X-axis, lie on
[JEE Main 2016]
211 The maximum area (in sq. units) of r = 82 + 62 − c = 100 − c (a) a circle
a rectangle having its base on the Since, line2x − y + 5 = 0 also touches the (b) an ellipse which is not a circle
X-axis and its other two vertices on circle. (c) a hyperbola
the parabola, y = 12 − x 2 such that 2(−8) − (−6) + 5 (d) a parabola
∴ 100 − c =
the rectangle lies inside the 22 + 12 Ans. (d)
parabola, is [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I] Given equation of circle is
−16 + 6 + 5
(a) 36 (b) 20 2 ⇒ 100 − c =
x 2 + y 2 − 8x − 8y − 4 = 0,
5 whose centre is C (4, 4) and radius
(c) 32 (d) 18 3
320 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
= 42 + 42 + 4 = 36 = 6 Thus, coordinate of point P are (2, − 4). Ans. (a)
Now , CP = 22 + (− 4 + 6) 2 = 4 + 4 For parabola, y 2 = 4x
Let the centre of required circle be
1
C 1 (x, y). Now, as it touch the X-axis, =2 2 Let y = mx + is tangent line and it
therefore its radius = y . Also, it touch m
Hence, required equation of circle is
the circle touches the parabola x 2 = −32y.
(x − 2) 2 + (y + 4) 2 = (2 2) 2
1
x 2 + y 2 − 8x − 8y − 4 = 0, ⇒ x + 4 − 4x + y 2 + 16 + 8y = 8
2 ∴ x 2 = −32 mx +
m
therefore CC 1 = 6 + y ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4x + 8y + 12 = 0
32
⇒ (x − 4) 2 + (y − 4) 2 = 6 + y ⇒ x 2 + 32mx + =0
216 Let O be the vertex and Q be any m
⇒ x 2 + 16 − 8x + y 2 + 16 − 8y Q D =0
point on the parabola x 2 = 8y. If the
= 36 + y 2 + 12 y 32 1
point P divides the line segment OQ ∴ (32m) − 4⋅ = 0 ⇒ m3 =
2
⇒ x − 8x − 8y + 32 = 36 + 12 y
2
m 8
internally in the ratio 1 : 3, then the
⇒ x 2 − 8x − 8y − 4 = 12 y 1
locus of P is [JEE Main 2015] ⇒ m=
Case I If y > 0, then we have 2
(a) x 2 = y
x 2 − 8x − 8y − 4 = 12y
(b) y 2 = x
⇒ x 2 − 8x − 20 y − 4 = 0 218 If two tangents drawn from a point
(c) y 2 = 2 x
⇒ x 2 − 8x − 4 = 20 y P to the parabola y 2 = 4x are at
(d) x 2 = 2 y
⇒ (x − 4) 2 − 20 = 20 y right angles, then the locus of P is
Ans. (d)
⇒ (x − 4) 2 = 20 (y + 1), [AIEEE 2010]
Central Idea Any point on the parabola (a) x = 1 (b) 2 x + 1 = 0
which is a parabol(a)
x 2 = 8y is (4t, 2t 2 ). Point P divides the line (c) x = −1 (d) 2 x − 1 = 0
Case II If y< 0, then we have segment joining of O(0, 0) and Q (4t, 2t 2 ) in
x 2 − 8x − 8y − 4 = − 12y the ratio 1 :3. Apply the section formula Ans. (c)
⇒ x − 8x − 8y − 4 + 12y = 0
2
for internal division. We know that, the locus of point P from
⇒ x 2 − 8x + 4y − 4 = 0 Equation of parabola is which two perpendicular tangents are
⇒ x 2 − 8x − 4 = − 4y x 2 = 8y …(i) drawn to the parabola, is the directrix of
⇒ (x − 4) 2 = 20 − 4y Let any point Q on the parabola (i) is
the parabol(a)
⇒ (x − 4) 2 = − 4(y − 5) (4t, 2t 2 ). Hence, the required locus is x = − 1.
which is again a parabol (a)
Y 219 The shortest distance between line
215 Let P be the point on the parabola, y − x = 1 and curve x = y 2 is
y 2 = 8x, which is at a minimum [AIEEE 2011, 2009]
k)
distance from the centre C of the 3 2 8 4 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
h,
Q (4t,2t2)
1: P (
circle, x 2 + (y + 6) 2 = 1. Then, the 3 8 3 2 3 4
equation of the circle, passing Ans. (a)
X′ X
through C and having its centre at P (0, 0) O To find The shortest distance between
is [JEE Main 2016] y − x = 1 and x = y 2 along the common
Y′ normal.
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 8 y + 12 = 0
∴ Tangent at P is parallel to
(b) x 2 + y 2 − x + 4 y − 12 = 0 Let P (h, k) be the point which divides the y=x+ 1 …(i)
x
(c) x 2 + y 2 − + 2 y − 24 = 0 line segment joining (0,0) and (4t, 2t 2 ) in Y y=1+x
4 the ratio 1 : 3.
(d) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 9 y + 18 = 0 1 × 4t + 3 × 0
∴ h= ⇒ h=t 1 Q
Ans. (a) 4 P (t 2, t)
Centre of circle x + (y + 6) = 1 is 1 × 2t 2 + 3 × 0 t2
and k = ⇒ k=
2 2
–1
X′ X
C (0, − 6). 4 2 O
1
Let the coordinates of point P be (2t 2 , 4 t). ⇒ k = h2 (Qt = h)
2
Now, let D = CP = (2t 2 ) 2 + (4 t + 6) 2
⇒ 2k = h2 ⇒ 2y = x 2 , y2 = x
Y′
⇒ D = 4 t + 16 t + 36 + 48 t
4 2
which is required locus.
Squaring on both side ∴ Slope of tangent at P (t 2 , t).
⇒ D 2 (t) = 4 t 4 + 16 t 2 + 48 t + 36 217 The slope of the line touching both dy 1 1
the parabolas y 2 = 4x and x 2 = −32 ⇒ = = …(ii)
Let F (t) = 4 t 4 + 16 t 2 + 48 t + 36 dx 2y (t 2 , t ) 2t
For minimum,F ′ (t) = 0 is [JEE Main 2014]
1
⇒ 16 t 3 + 32t + 48 = 0 (a)
1
(b)
3
(c)
1
(d)
2 ⇒ = 1 [Eqs. (i) and (ii) are parallel]
2 2 8 3 2t
⇒ t 3 + 2t + 3 = 0
Tangent to parabola is y = mx + a / m, if it
1 1 1
⇒ (t + 1) (t 2 − t + 3) = 0 ⇒ t= ∴ P ,
touches the other curve, then D = 0. 2 4 2
⇒ t=−1
Coordinate Geometry 321
1 1 222 The locus of the vertices of the and 2b ⋅ 4a + 3 c ⋅ 4a + 4d = 0
− +1
Shortest distance = | PQ | = 4 2 family of parabolas ⇒ 2ab + 3ac + d = 0
1+ 1 a3 x2 a2 x
y= + − 2a is ⇒ a (2b + 3 c) = 0 [Qd = 0]
3
= 3 2 [AIEEE 2006] ⇒ 2b + 3 c = 0 …(ii)
4 2
3 35
(a) xy = (b) xy = On squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii),
3 2
Hence, shortest distance is ⋅ 4 16 we get
8 64 105
(c) xy = (d) xy = d 2 + (2b + 3 c) 2 = 0
Alternate Solution 105 64
Given, x−y+ 1=0 …(i) Ans. (d) 224 The normal at the point (bt 21 , 2bt 1 )
dy
and x = y ⇒ 1 = 2y
2
The given equation of parabola is
dx on a parabola meets the parabola
a 3x 2 a 2 x again in the point (bt 22 , 2bt 2 ), then
dy 1 y= + − 2a
⇒ = = Slope of the line (i) 3 2 [AIEEE 2003]
dx 2y
a3 3 2
= − t1 −
2
1 1 1 1 ⇒ y + 2a = x 2 + x (a) t2
⇒ =1 ⇒ y= ⇒ x= = 3 2a t1
2y 2 2 4
a3 2 3 9 9 = − t1 +
2
1 1 ⇒ y + 2a = x + x+ − (b) t2
⇒The point is (x, y) = , 3 2a 16a 2 16a 2 t1
4 2
2
∴The shortest distance is a3 3 9 a3 (c) t2 = t1 −
⇒y + 2a = x + − × t1
1 1
− +1 3 4a 16a 2
3
2
4 2 =
3
=
3 2
3a a 3 3
2
(d) t2 = t1 +
1+ 1 4 2 8 ⇒ y + 2a + = x + t1
16 3 4a Ans. (a)
2
220 A parabola has the origin as its 35a a 3 3 Equation of the normal at point (bt 12 , 2bt 1 ) on
⇒ y + = x +
focus and the line x = 2 as the 16 3 4a parabola is
directrix. Then, the vertex of the y = − t 1 x + 2bt 1 + bt 13
Thus, the vertices of parabola is
parabola is at [AIEEE 2008] 3 35a It also passes through (bt 22 , 2bt 2 ) , then
− , − ⋅
(a) (2, 0) (b) (0, 2) (c) (1, 0) (d) (0, 1) 4a 16 2bt 2 = − t 1 ⋅ bt 22 + 2bt 1 + bt 13
Ans. (c) 3 35a ⇒ 2t 2 − 2t 1 = − t 1 (t 22 − t 12 )
Let h = − and k = −
Since, the vertex is the mid-point of the 4a 16 = − t 1 (t 2 + t 1 )(t 2 − t 1 )
focus and foot of the directrix vertex of 105
the parabola at (1, 0). Now, hk = ⇒ 2 = − t 1 (t 2 + t 1 )
64
2
Y Thus, the locus of vertices of a parabola is ∴ t2 = − t1 −
t1
105
xy =
(1, 0) 64
X′ X 225 The equation of the directrix of the
(0, 0) (2, 0)
223 If a ≠ 0 and the line parabola y 2 + 4y + 4x + 2 = 0 is
[AIEEE 2002]
Y′
2bx + 3cy + 4d = 0 passes through (a) x = −1 (b) x = 1
x=2
the points of intersection of the (c) x = − 3/2 (d) x = 3 / 2
parabolas y 2 = 4ax and x 2 = 4ay, Ans. (d)
221 The equation of a tangent to the then [AIEEE 2004]
parabola y 2 = 8x is y = x + 2. The (a) d 2 + (2 b + 3c) 2 = 0
Given equation of parabola can be
rewritten as
point on this line from which the (b) d 2 + (3b + 2 c) 2 = 0 1
other tangent to the parabola is (c) d 2 + (2 b − 3c) 2 = 0 ( y + 2) 2 = − 4 x −
2
perpendicular to the given tangent is (d) d 2 + (3b − 2 c) 2 = 0
[AIEEE 2007] Ans. (a) Let y + 2=Y
(a) (–1, 1) (b) (0, 2) 1
Given, equation of parabolas are and x− =X
(c) (2, 4) (d) (–2, 0) 2
y = 4ax and x = 4ay
2 2
Ans. (d)
The point of intersection of parabolas ∴ Y 2 = − 4X
Since, perpendicular tangents intersect are A (0, 0) and B (4a , 4a). Here, a=1
on the directrix, then point must lie on Also, given line2bx + 3 cy + 4d = 0 passes ∴ Equation of directrix is X = a.
the directrix x = −2. through the points A and B, respectively.
1 3
Hence, the required point is (– 2, 0). ∴ x− =1 ⇒ x=
∴ d =0 …(i) 2 2
322 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
TOPIC 4 Hence, the given equation is tangent to
x2 y2
Point of intersection of tangent and
coordinate axis are
+ = 1 at (5 cosθ, 12 sinθ).
Ellipse 25 144 A (b sec θ, 0) and B (0, 2a cosecθ)
1
Area of ∆OAB = (b sec θ) (2a cosec θ)
228 The locus of mid–points of the line 2
226 Let θ be the acute angle between ab 2ab
segments joining (– 3, –5) and the = =
the tangents to the ellipse sin θ cos θ sin 2θ
points on the ellipse
x2 y2
+ = 1 and the circle x 2 + y 2 = 3 x2 y2 or Area = 2ab(cosec 2θ)
9 1 + = 1 is
4 9 [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] Area min = 2ab
at their point of intersection in the ∴ k =2
(a) 9x 2 + 4y 2 + 18x + 8y + 145 = 0
first quadrant. Then, tanθ is equal
(b) 36x 2 + 16y 2 + 90 x + 56y + 145 = 0
to [2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II] 230 If x 2 + 9y 2 − 4x + 3 = 0, x, y ∈R , then
5 2 (c) 36x 2 + 16y 2 + 108x + 80 y + 145 = 0
(a) (b) (d) 36 x 2 + 16 y 2 + 72 x + 32 y + 145 = 0 x and y respectively lie in the
2 3 3
4 Ans. (c) intervals [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I]
(c) (d) 2
(a) − , and − ,
1 1 1 1
3 Let (2 sin θ, 3 cos θ) be the point on ellipse
x2 y2 3 3 3 3
Ans. (b) + = 1 and let mid -point of the line
(b) − , and [1, 3]
4 9 1 1
x2 y2 3 3
Given, ellipse + =1 … (i) segments joining (−3, − 5) and
9 1 (2 sin θ, 3 cos θ) will be (h, k). (c) [1, 3] and [1, 3]
and circle x 2 + y 2 = 3 … (iii) 2 sin θ − 3 3 cosθ − 5
(d) [1, 3] and − ,
Then, = h, =k 1 1
The point of intersection by solving Eqs. 2 2 3 3
(i) and (ii) in 2h + 3 2k + 5
⇒ sin θ = , cosθ = Ans. (d)
first quadrant (3 /2, 3 /2). 2 3
x 2 + 9y 2 − 4x + 3 = 0
Differentiating Eqs. (i) and (ii) w.r.t. x, we ∴ sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
have 2 2 ⇒ x − 4x + 22 + 9y 2 = 1
2
2h + 3 2k + 5
dy − x dy − x ⇒ + =1 ⇒ (x − 2) 2 + 9y 2 = 1
Let m1 = = and m2 = = 2 3 (x − 2) 2 y2
dx 9y dx y ⇒ + =1
(4h2 + 9 + 12h) (4k 2 + 25 + 20 k) 1 1 /9
3 3 ⇒ + =1
At ,
4 9 (x − 2) 2 y2
2 2 ⇒ + =1
⇒ 36h2 + 16k 2 + 108h + 80 k + 145 = 0 1 2
1
2
1
m1 = − , m2 = − 3 Locus of (h, k) 3
3 3
36x 2 + 16y 2 + 108x + 80 y + 145 = 0 This represents on ellipse
If angle between both curves isθ, then 1 1
229 If the minimum area of the triangle − 1 ≤ x − 2 ≤ 1 and − ≤ y ≤
m1 − m2 3 3
tanθ = formed by a tangent to the ellipse
1 + m1 m2 ⇒
1
1 ≤ x ≤ 3 and − ≤ y ≤
1
x2 y2
+ = 1 and the coordinate 3 3
−1 b2 4a 2
+ 3
x ∈[1, 3] and y ∈ − ,
1 1
2 ⇒
= 3 3 = axis is kab, then k is equal to 3 3
−1 3
1+ (− 3) [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I]
3 3 x2 y2
Ans. (2) 231 On the ellipse + = 1. Let P be a
Equation of an ellipse B (0, 2a cosecθ) 8 4
227 The line 12x cos θ + 5y sin θ = 60 is Y point in the second quadrant such
tangent to which of the following that the tangent at P to the ellipse
(b cosθ, 2a sinθ) is perpendicular to the line
curves? [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] P
(a) x 2 + y 2 = 169 x + 2y = 0. Let S and S′ be the foci
X′ X
(b) 144x 2 + 25y 2 = 3600 O of the ellipse and e be its
A (b sec θ, 0) eccentricity. If A is the area of the
(c) 25 x 2 + 12 y 2 = 3600
(d) x 2 + y 2 = 60 Y′ ∆SPS' then, the value of (5 − e2 ) ⋅ A
Ans. (b) is [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
x2 y2
+ 2 =1 (a) 6 (b) 12
12x cosθ + 5y sinθ = 60 b 2
4a
x cosθ y sinθ (c) 14 (d) 24
⇒ + =1 Equation of tangent at P (b cosθ, 2a sin θ)
5 12 Ans. (a)
is
The given equation is the equation of the x cosθ y sin θ x2 y2
+ =1 Given, equation of ellipse + =1
tangent which passes through b 2a 8 4
(5 cosθ, 12 sinθ).
Coordinate Geometry 323
Then, equation of tangent at (x 1 , y 1 ) will (a) 11x + 7 y + 8 = 0 or 11x + 7 y − 15 = 0 Ans. (3)
xx yy
be 1 + 1 = 1 (b) 11x − 7 y − 8 = 0 or 11x + 7 y + 15 = 0 E be an ellipse whose centreC (3, − 4) and
8 4 (c) 2x − 7 y + 29 = 0 or 2x − 7 y − 7 = 0 focus F (4, − 4) and one vertex A(5, − 4).
Since, tangent is perpendicular to the (d) 2x − 7 y − 39 = 0 or 2x − 7 y − 7 = 0
line x + 2y = 0, then
Ans. (c) ae
− x 1 −1
= −1 Equation of the reflected ray will be A(5,–4)
2y 1 2 C F(4,–4)
y −3 (3,–4)
L⇒ =m
⇒ x 1 = −4y 1 x−5
x 12 y 12 2
Also, + =1 Now, the image of (2, 1) w.r.t. line x = 0
8 4 should lie on the reflected line. Hence,a = 2 and ae = 1
16y 12 y 12 Image of (2, 1) = (− 2, 1) 1
⇒ + =1 [Qx 1 = − 4y 1 ] ⇒ e=
8 4 1−3 2 2
9 2 4 So, = m ⇒ m=
⇒ y 1 = 1 ⇒ y 12 = −2− 5 7 Now, b 2 = a 2 − (ae) 2 = 4 − 1
4 9 y −3 2 b2 = 3
2 2 So, equation of reflected ray ⇒ =
⇒ y1 = ± ⇒ y1 = x−5 7 So, equation of ellipse
3 3
7 y − 21 = 2x − 10 (x − 3) 2 (y + 4) 2
[Q(x 1 , y 1 ) lies in second quadrant] E⇒ + =1
2 −8 ⇒2x − 7 y + 11 = 0 (equation of directrix) 4 3
And x 1 = − 4y 1 = − 4 × = Intersecting with given tangent
3 3
−8 2 mx − y = 4
∴ P , ⇒y + 4 = mx
3 3
x 2 − 6x + 9 m2 x 2
Again, a 2 − b 2 = a 2 e 2 (–a/e, 0) (–a, 0) (–ae, 0) (ae, 0) (a, 0) (a/e, 0) + =1
4 3
8 − 4 = 8e 2 a/e –ae
2a/e ⇒ (3 + 4m2 ) x 2 − 18x + 15 = 0
1
e= Now, D = 0
2 1
Now, e= (given) ⇒ 324 − 4(3 + 4m2 ) (15) = 0
3
(–8/3, 2/3) P ⇒ 144 − 240 m2 = 0
a a 1 8a
So, − ae = − a=
e 1 /3 3 3 ⇒ 5m2 = 3
S′ (–2, 0) S (2, 0) 8a 8
⇒ = (given) x2 y2
3 53 234 Let an ellipse E ⇒ + = 1,
3 a 2 b2
Now, S and S ′ are the foci of the ellipse, So, a= 3
53 a 2 > b2 , passes through , 1 and
So, S :(ae, 0) 2a 3 3 18 2
1 and = 2 ⋅ × =
= 2 2 ⋅ , 0 = (2, 0) e 53 1 53 1
2 has eccentricity . If a circle,
Now, another directrix will be parallel to 3
1
and S ′ :(−ae, 0) = −2 2. , 0 = (−2, 0) the first directrix and lie at a distance of centered at focus F (α, 0), α > 0, of E
2 18
units. 2
1 2 4 53 and radius , intersects E at two
Area of ∆SPS ′ = × 4 × = 3
2 3 3 So, let the equation of another directrix
Qbase = 4, height= 2 be 2x − 7 y + λ = 0 points P andQ, then PQ 2 is equal to
3 | λ − 11 | 18 [2021, 25 July Shift-I]
Accordingly, = 8 4
1 4 9 4 2 +7
2 2
53 (a) (b)
So, (5 − e 2 ) A = 5 − = . = 6 3 3
2 3 2 3
| λ − 11 | = 18 16
(c) (d) 3
⇒ λ = 11 ± 18 3
232 A ray of light through (2, 1) is ⇒ λ = 29 or − 7 Ans. (c)
reflected at a point P on the Y-axis So, equation of another directrix will be x2 y2
and then passes through the point 2x − 7 y + 29 = 0 or 2x − 7 y − 7 = 0 E⇒ + = 1 is passes through
(5, 3). If this reflected ray is the a2 b2
3
directrix of an ellipse with 233 Let E be an ellipse whose axes are , 1
1 2
eccentricity and the distance of parallel to the co-ordinates axes,
3 having its center at (3, − 4), one ∴
3
+
1
=1
the nearer focus from this directrix focus at (4, − 4) and one vertex at 2a 2 b 2
8 (5, − 4). If mx − y = 4, m > 0 is a a 2 −b 2 = a 2 e 2
is , then the equation of the
53 tangent to the ellipse E, then the a2
⇒ a2 − b2 =
value of 5m2 is equal to …………… . 3
other directrix can be
[2021, 27 July Shift-I] [2021, 27 July Shift-II] ⇒ 3a 2 − 3b 2 = a 2
324 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
⇒ 2a 2 = 3b 2 θ θ
(x − 2) (x + 2) + y − cot y − tan = 0 A
3 1 2 2
+ =1 D
3b 2 b 2 θ θ
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − tan + cot y − 3 = 0
⇒ 2 = b2 2 2 B C
⇒ a2 = 3 At y = 0, x = ± 3
1
Focus 3. ,0 Hence, circle is passing through the x=1 x=√5
3 point (± 3, 0).
⇒Focus = (1, 0) Area of shaded region
2 x2 y2 5−x 1
Centre = (1, 0), Radius = 236 Let E 1 : 2 + 2 = 1, a > b. Let E 2 be =∫
5
− 5 − x 2 dx
3 a b 1 4 2
2
2 another ellipse such that it touches 5
(x −1) 2 + (y − 0) 2 = …(i) 1 x2 x 5 x
3 the end points of major axis of E 1 = 5x − − 5 − x 2 − sin−1
and the foci of E 2 are the end 4 2 4 4 5 1
x2 y2
E⇒ + =1 …(ii) points of minor axis of E 1 . If E 1 and 5 5π 1
3 2 5 5 − −0 − − 5 + + 2
E 2 have same eccentricities, then 1 2 2 2
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), =
its value is [2021, 22 July Shift-II] 4 1
x = 1, y = ±
2 + 5 sin−1
−1 + 5 −1 + 8 5
3 (a) (b)
4 2 2 1 π 1
∴ PQ = = 5 5 − 5 − 5 − sin−1
3 −1 + 3 −1 + 6 4 2 5
(c) (d)
16 2 2
⇒ PQ =
2
1 1
3 Ans. (a) = 5 5 − 5 − 5 cos−1
5 5
b2
235 If a tangent to the ellipse e2 = 1 − 1
a2 = α 5 + β + γ cos−1
x 2 + 4y 2 = 4 meets the tangents at 5
a2
the extremities of its major axis at e2 = 1 − 2
5 −5 −5
B and C, then the circle with BC as
c ∴α = , β = , γ =
b2 a2 a2 4 4 4
diameter passes through the point ⇒ 2 = 2 ⇒c= 5
[2021, 25 July Shift-II]
a c b ∴ |α + β + γ | = = 125
.
b 4
(a) ( 3, 0) (b) ( 2 , 0) Also, b = ce ⇒ c =
e
(c) (1, 1) (d) (−1, 1) 238 Let a tangent be drawn to the
b a2
Ans. (a) ⇒ = x2
e b ellipse + y 2 = 1 at
Equation of ellipse ⇒x 2 + 4y 2 = 4 b2 27
⇒ e = 2 = 1 − e2 π
a (3 3 cosθ, sinθ), where θ ∈ 0, .
B
−1 + 5 2
Y ⇒ e2 + e − 1 = 0 ⇒ e =
2 Then the value of θ, such that the
P (2 cos θ, sin θ)
sum of intercepts on axes made by
237 LetT be the tangent to the ellipse
C this tangent is minimum is equal to
X E : x 2 + 4y 2 = 5 at the point P (1, 1). If [2021, 18 March Shift-II]
X′ the area of the region bounded by π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
the tangentT, ellipse E, lines x = 1 8 4 6 3
x=2
and x = 5 is Ans. (c)
Y′
x=–2 1 Given, equation of ellipse is
α 5 + β + γ cos −1 , then
x2 y2 5 x2
⇒ + =1 + y2 = 1
4 1 27
| α + β + γ | is equal to …… .
Extremities end of major axis = (±20 , ) [2021, 20 July, Shift-I]
Now, equation of tangent to the ellipse
Let any point P on ellipse (2 cos θ, sin θ). at P(3 3 cosθ,sinθ) is given by
Ans. (1.25)
Equation of tangent to the ellipse at the 3 3 cosθ⋅ x
x 2 + 4y 2 = 5 + sinθ⋅ y = 1
2 cos θx y sin θ
point P is + =1 27
4 1 At (1, 1), equation of tangent x cosθ
⇒x ⋅ 1 + 4y ⋅ 1 = 5 ⇒ + y sinθ = 1 … (i)
θ
Coordinate of B − 2, cot and 3 3
2 ⇒ x + 4y = 5
X-intercept of Eq. (i) is
θ ∴ A :(1, 1)
C 2, tan . x = 3 3 secθ = OA (say)
2 5− 5
D : 5,
4
Equation of circle whose end points of Y-intercept of Eq. (i) is
diameter are B and C is y = cosecθ = OB (say)
Coordinate Geometry 325
∴ Sum of intercepts Ans. (a) ∴Tangents at point of intersection must
= 3 3 secθ + cosecθ = f (θ) (say) x2 y2 be perpendicular to each other.
Given, equation of ellipse + = 1 … (i)
⇒f′ (θ) = 3 3 secθ tanθ − cosecθ⋅ cotθ 16 b 2 ∴Product of slope of tangents = − 1
and equation of circle x 2 + y 2 = 4b … (ii) − bx − dx
Put f′ (θ) = 0 × = − 1 [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), ay cy
3 3 sinθ cosθ
⇒ = 4b − y 2 y 2 ⇒ bdx 2 = − acy 2 … (iii)
cos2 θ sin2 θ + 2 =1
sinθ sin θ 2
1 16 b Also, on subtracting the equation of
⇒ . = ⇒ 4b 3 − y 2 b 2 + 16y 2 = 16b 2 given curves, we get
cos2 θ cosθ 3 3
16b 2 − 4b 3 x2 y2 x2 y2
1 ⇒ y2 = + − 1 − + − 1 = 0
⇒ tan3 θ = a b c d
3 3 16 − b 2
As, (x, y) lie on y 2 = 3x 2 1 1 1 1
⇒ θ= π/6 ⇒ x2 − + y2 − = 0
a c b d
– + So, y 2 = 3(4b − y 2 ) [from Eq. (ii)]
–∞ +∞
⇒ 4y 2 = 12b 1 1 1 1
θ=π/6 or x2 − = − y2 − … (iv)
a c b d
⇒ y 2 = 3b
Qf′ (θ) changes sign from negative to 16b 2 − 4b 3 Dividing Eq. (iii) by Eq. (iv),
positive when moving from left to right. Now, = 3b bd ac
π 16 − b 2 =
∴ f(θ) will attain minima atθ = 1 1 1 1
6 ⇒ 16b 2 − 4b 3 = 48b − 3b 3 − −
a c b d
⇒b − 16b 2 + 48b = 0
3
239 Let L be a tangent line to the bd × ac ac × bd
⇒b (b 2 − 16b + 48) = 0 ⇒ =
parabola y 2 = 4x − 20 at (6, 2). If L is c −a d −b
⇒ b (b − 4) (b − 12) = 0
also a tangent to the ellipse ⇒ c −a =d −b
x2 y As, b > 4
+ = 1, then the value of b is or c −d =a −b
So, b = 12
2 b 2 2
or a −b = c −d
equal to [2021, 17 March Shift-II] 241 If the curves, x + y = 1 and 2 2
x y
(a) 11 (b) 14 a b 242 Let 2 + 2 = 1 (a > b) be a given
(c) 16 (d) 20 x2 y 2 a b
+ = 1 , intersect each other at ellipse, length of whose latus
Ans. (b) c d
rectum is 10. If its eccentricity is
Given, equation of parabola is an angle of 90°, then which of the
the maximum value of the function,
y 2 = 4x − 20 … (i) following relations is true? 5
Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] φ(t) = + t − t 2 , then a 2 + b2 is
dy dy 2 (a) a + b = c + d (b) a − b = c − d 12
2y = 4 ⇒ =
dx dx y c + d equal to [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
(c) a − c = b + d (d) ab =
dy a+b (a) 145 (b) 116
∴ = Slope of tangent at (c) 126 (d) 135
dx (6 , 2 ) Ans. (b)
Ans. (c)
2 x2 y2 x2 y2
(6, 2) = = 1 Given, curves + = 1 and + =1 Equation of given ellipse is
2 a b c d
x2 y2
∴Equation of tangent is x2 y2 + = 1, (a > b)
Q + =1 a2 b2
y − 2 = 1(x − 6) ⇒x − y − 4 = 0 … (ii) a b
2b 2
As, we know the condition of tangency to On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we ∴ Length of latus rectum = = 10
the ellipse, get a
A straight line y = mx + c will be tangent 2x 2y dy [given]
+ ⋅ =0
to the ellipse x 2 /a 2 + y 2 /b 2 = 1 is a b dx ⇒ b 2 = 5a …(i)
c 2 = a 2 m2 + b 2 dy − bx 5
∴ = … (i) Now, given function, φ(t) = + t − t 2 for
Then, 16 = 2(1) 2 + b dx ay 12
[here, c = 4, m = 1, b = b ] maximum,
x2 y2
Also, + =1 φ′ (t) = 0
⇒ b = 14 c d 1
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we ⇒ 1 − 2t = 0 ⇒t =
240 If the point of intersections of the 2
get
x2 y2 According to given information
ellipse + = 1 and the circle 2x 2y dy
+ ⋅ =0 eccentricity
16 b2 c d dx
1 5 1 1 5 + 6 − 3 2
x 2 + y 2 = 4b, b> 4, lie on the curve dy − dx e = φ = + − = =
∴ = … (ii) 2 12 2 4 12 3
y 2 = 3x 2 , then b is equal to dx cy
b2 2
[2021, 16 March Shift-II]
QBoth the curves intersect each other at ∴ 1− =
(a) 12 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 10 a2 3
90°.
326 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
On squaring both sides, we get ∴PQ 2 = 5 cos2 θ + 16 + 4 sin2 θ + 16 sinθ Ans. (c)
b2 4
⇒ 1− 2 = ⇒ 2 =
b2 5 = 21 − sin2 θ + 16 sinθ Let equation of ellipse having
a 9 a 9 = 21 − (8 − sinθ) 2 + 64 x2 y2
eccentricity ‘e’ is, 2 + 2 = 1.
⇒ b = a
2 5 2
…(ii) = 85 − (8 − sinθ) 2 a b
9 As, the point P is far thest from the So, point of end point of latusrectum
Now, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get point Q, b2
P ae, .
5 2 so sinθ = 1 a
a = 5a ⇒a = 9, so b 2 = 45
9 And, so PQ 2 = 85 − 49 = 36 Now, eq. of normal to the ellipse at point
∴ a 2 + b 2 = 81 + 45 = 126 b2
P ae, .
Hence, option (c) is correct. 245 If the coordinates of two points A andB a
are ( 7 ,0) and (− 7 ,0) respectively x − ae y − (b 2 /a)
243 Let x = 4 be a directrix to an ellipse and P is any point on the conic, =
ae b2
whose centre is at origin and its 9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144, then PA + PB is a 2
ab 2
1 equal to [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
b2
eccentricity is . ⇒ x − ae = ye − e ...(i)
2 (a) 16 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 9
a
If P (1, β), β > 0 is a point on this Ans. (b) QThe normal (i) passes through an
ellipse, then the equation of the Equation of given conic9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144 extremity of minor axis (0, − b).
normal to it at P is x2 y2 b2 b b2
⇒ + = 1 is an ellipse, so it’s So, − ae = − be − e ⇒ 1= + 2
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] 16 9 a a a
(a) 8 x − 2 y = 5 (b) 4 x − 3y = 2 eccentricity, b b2 b2
⇒ = 1− 2 = e 2
⇒ 2 = e4
9 7
(c) 7x − 4 y = 1 (d) 4 x − 2 y = 1 e = 1− = a a a
16 4 ⇒ 1 − e2 = e4 ⇒ e4 + e2 − 1 = 0
Ans. (d)
∴Coordinate of foci are F1 ( 7 ,0) = A and
According to the given information we F2 (− 7 , 0) = B
x2 y2 248 If the distance between the foci of
can assume ellipse as 2 + 2 = 1 , (a > b) As, point P on the ellipse itself, so an ellipse is 6 and the distance
a b
PA + PB = 2 × 4 = 8 according to between its directrices is 12, then
= 4 ⇒a = 4e ⇒ a = 2 as e =
a 1
∴ definition of ellipse.
e 2 the length of its latus rectum is
b 2 = a 2 (1 – e 2 ) = 4 1 – = 3
1 [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
∴ 246 Which of the following points lies
4 3
on the locus of the foot of (a) 3 2 (b) 3 (c) 2 3 (d)
x2 y2 2
So, required ellipse is + =1 perpendicular drawn upon any
4 3 x2 y2 Ans. (a)
Now, as point P(1, β), β > 0 is a point on this tangent to the ellipse, + =1 Let the equation of ellipse is
x2 y2
+ = 1,
4 2 a2 b2
ellipse, so (a > b)
from any of its foci?
1 β2 9 3
+ = 1 ⇒ β 2 = ⇒ β = (as β > 0) [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I] According to given information,
4 3 4 2 Distance between foci = 2ae = 6, and
(a) (−2, 3) (b) (−1, 2 )
3 2a
∴ Equation of normal at point P 1, is (c) (−1, 3) (d) (1, 2) Distance between directrices = = 12
2 e
Ans. (c)
so, (2ae) = 6 × 12
2a
x – 1 y –3 /2 3
= ⇒ 2x –2 = y – As we know that locus of the foot of e
1 3 /2 2
perpendicular drawn upon any tangent
4 3 2ae 6
x2 y2 ⇒ 4a 2 = 72 ⇒a 2 = 18 and =
to the ellipse + = 1 from any of its
⇒ 4x –4 = 2y –3 ⇒ 4x –2y = 1. 4 2
2a / e 12
1 b2 b2 1
foci is the auxilliary circle and its ⇒ e2 = = 1 − 2 ⇒ 2 = ⇒b 2 = 9
244 If the point P on the curve, equation is 2 a a 2
4x 2 + 5y 2 = 20 is farthest from the x2 + y2 = 4 …(i) Now, as length of latus rectum is
point Q(0, − 4), then PQ 2 is equal to So, from the option the auxilliary circle (i) 2b 2 2(9) 18
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I] passes through the point (−1, 3). = = = 18 = 3 2
a 18 18
(a) 29 (b) 21 (c) 48 (d) 36
Ans. (d) 247 If the normal at an end of a latus 249 If 3x + 4y = 12 2 is a tangent to the
Equation of given curve
rectum of an ellipse passes
x2 y2
x 2
y 2 through an extremity of the minor ellipse 2 + = 1 for some a ∈R,
4x 2 + 5y 2 = 20 ⇒ + = 1 …(i) a 9
5 4 axis, then the eccentricity e of the
Let a point P( 5 cosθ, 2 sinθ) on the curve ellipse satisfies then the distance between the foci
(i). [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II] of the ellipse is [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
PQ 2 = ( 5 cos θ − 0) 2 + (2 sin θ + 4) 2 (a) e 4 + 2 e 2 − 1 = 0 (b) e 2 + e 2 − 1 = 0 (a) 2 7 (b) 4
(c) e 4 + e 2 − 1 = 0 (d) e 2 + 2 e − 1 = 0 (c) 2 2 (d) 2 5
[Qθ = (0, − 4)]
Coordinate Geometry 327
x y 1
Ans. (a) ⇒ − = −1 touches the line, x + 6y = 8 ; then its
Since line3x + 4y = 12 2 is a tangent to 2x 1 y 1 2 eccentricity is [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
x2 y2 x y 1
the ellipse 2 + = 1 for some a ∈ R, ⇒ + = …(ii) 5 1 11
a 9 −2x 1 y 1 2 (a) (b)
6 2 3
then the equation of tangent to ellipse Q Eqs. (i) and (ii) represents same line
having slope ‘m’ is 1 11 1 5
2x 1 y 2 (c) (d)
∴ − = 1 = 3 3 2 3
y = mx ± a m + 9
2 2
…(i) −
1 β 1
3 2 Ans. (b)
QSlope of line (i), m = slope of line
1 According to given information,
3x + 4y = 12 2 ⇒ m = −
3 ⇒ x1 = and y 1 = 2 β
3 2 Let the equation of ellipse
4
x 2 3y 2
On putting the value of m in Eq. (i), we get QPoint P (x 1 , y 1 ) lies on ellipse, so + =1 …(i)
3 9 2 1 a2 4
y=− x± a +9 2 + 4β = 1
2
4 16 9 × 2 Q Ellipse (i) touches the line x + 6y = 8,
then
⇒ 3x + 4y = ± 3 a 2 + 16 …(ii) 2 2
⇒ β2 = ⇒ β=±
2 2
8 = a2 1 + 4
Since tangent3x + 4y = 12 2 9 3
6 6 3
represented by Eq. (ii) for somea ∈ R, QPoint P (x 1 , y 1 ) is in first quadrant so
16 a 2 4 a2 4
therefore y1 = 2β > 0 ⇒ = + ⇒ =
9 36 3 36 9
12 2 = ± 3 a 2 + 16 2
∴ β= ⇒ a 2 = 16
⇒ 4 2 = ± a 2 + 16 3
b2 4
Hence, option (b) is correct. Now, eccentricity e = 1 − = 1−
⇒ 32 = a 2 + 16 a2 3 × 16
[on squaring both sides] 251 If e 1 and e2 are the eccentricities of 1 11
⇒ a 2 = 16 ⇒ a = ± 4 =
x 2
y 2 2 3
b2 the ellipse, + = 1 and the
∴ Eccentricity e = 1 − 18 4 Hence, option (b) is correct.
a2
x2 y2
9
= 1−=
7
=
7 hyperbola, − = 1 respectively 253 Let L be a common tangent line to
16 16 4 9 4 the curves 4x 2 + 9y 2 = 36 and
∴ Distance between the foci = |2ae | and (e 1 , e2 ) is a point on the ellipse, (2x) 2 + (2y) 2 = 31. Then, the square
7 15x + 3y = k , then k is equal to
2 2
of the slope of the line L is ______.
=2×4× =2 7 [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
4 [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
(a) 14 (b) 15 (c) 17 (d) 16
Ans. (3)
250 Let the line y = mx and the ellipse Ans. (d)
Given, curves are
2x 2 + y 2 = 1 intersect at a point P in It is given that e 1 is the eccentricity of
A :4x 2 + 9y 2 = 36
x2 y2
the first quadrant. If the normal to the ellipse, + = 1, B : (2x) 2 + (2y) 2 = 31
18 4
this ellipse at P meets the L is common tangent line to curve Aand B.
4 14 7
1 so e1 = 1 – = = Let slope of L be m.
co-ordinate axes at − , 0 and 18 18 9
3 2 Given, curve A is equation of ellipse.
and e 2 is the eccentricity of the
(0, β), then β is equal to x2 y2
hyperbola, + =1
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] x2 y2 4 13 9 4
− = 1, so e 2 = 1 + =
2 2 2 9 4 9 9 Then, equation of tangent to ellipse will
(a) (b) be
3 3 7 13
2 2 Now, as (e 1 , e 2 ) = , is a point on y = mx ± 9m2 + 4 …(i)
(c) (d) 9 9
3 3 Curve B is circle i.e
the ellipse, 15x 2 + 3y 2 = k, then
Ans. (b) 31
7 13 x2 + y2 =
Since equation of normal to the ellipse at 15 + 3 = k 4
9 9
P meets the co-ordinate axes at Then, equation of tangent to circle will be
105 + 39 144
−
1
, 0 and (0, β) is ⇒ =k ⇒ =k 31 31
3 2 9 9 y = mx ± m2 + …(ii)
4 4
x y ⇒ k = 16
+ =1 …(i) Compare (i) and (ii), we get
−
1 β Hence, option (d) is correct.
31 31
3 2 9m2 + 4 = m2 + `
252 The length of the minor axis (along 4 4
Now, let point P (x 1 , y 1 ), so equation of
x2 y2 y - axis) of an ellipse in the ⇒ 36m2 + 16 = 31m2 + 31
normal to ellipse + = 1 at point P is
1 1 4 ⇒ 5m2 = 15 ⇒ m2 = 3
standard form is . If this ellipse
2 3 ∴Square of slope of line L is 3.
328 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
254 If the tangents on the ellipse According to the question, 257 If the line x − 2y = 12 is tangent to
4x 2 + y 2 = 8 at the points (1, 2) and 2b − 2a = 10 ⇒ b − a = 5 …(ii)
x2 y2
(a, b) are perpendicular to each On squaring Eq. (i) both sides, we get the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 at the point
b 2 e 2 = 75
a b
other, then a 2 is equal to 3, −9 , then the length of the
[2019, 8 April Shift-I] a2 a2
128 64
⇒ b 2 1 − 2 = 75 Qe 2 = 1 − 2 2
(a) (b) b b
17 17 ⇒ b 2 − a 2 = 75
latusrectum of the ellipse is
4 2 [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
(c) (d) ⇒ (b + a)(b − a) = 75
17 17 ⇒ b + a = 15 (a) 8 3 (b) 9 (c) 5 (d) 12 2
Ans. (d)
[from Eq. (ii)] …(iii) Ans. (b)
Equation of given ellipse is On solving Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get Key Idea Write equation of the tangent
4x 2 + y 2 = 8 …(i) b = 10 and a = 5 to the ellipse at any point and use
x2 y2 formula for latusrectum of ellipse.
⇒ + =1 So, length of latusrectum is
2 8 2a 2 2 × 25 Equation of given ellipse is
x2 y2 = =5
⇒ + =1 10 x2 y2
2
b + =1 …(i)
( 2) (2 2) 2 a2 b2
Now, equation of tangent at point (1, 2) is 256 If the tangent to the parabola Now, equation of tangent at the point
2x + y = 4 ...(ii) y 2 = x at a point (α, β), (β > 0) is also a 9
3, − on the ellipse (i) is
[Qequation of tangent to the ellipse tangent to the ellipse, x 2 + 2y 2 = 1, 2
x2 y2 xx yy then α is equal to 3x 9y
+ = 1 at (x 1 , y 1 ) is 21 + 21 = 1] ⇒ − =1 …(ii)
a2 b2 a b [2019, 9 April Shift-II] a 2 2b 2
and equation of another tangent at point (a) 2 + 1 (b) 2 − 1 [Qthe equation of the tangent to the
(a, b) is (c) 2 2 + 1 (d) 2 2 − 1 x2 y2
ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 at the point (x 1 , y 1 ) is
4ax + by = 8 …(iii) Ans. (a) a b
xx 1 yy 1
Since, lines (ii) and (iii) are perpendicular Since the point (α, β) is on the parabola + 2 = 1]
to each other. y 2 = x, so a2 b
∴ − 2 × − 4a = − 1 α = β2 …(i)
QTangent (ii) represent the line
1 b Now, equation of tangent at point (α, β)
x − 2y = 12, so
[if lines a 1 x + b 1 y + c 1 = 0 and to the parabola y 2 = x, isT = 0
a2 x + b2 y + c 2 = 0 1 1 2 12
⇒ yβ = (x + α) = =
2 3 9 1
are perpendicular, then 2
a1 a2 [Qequation of the tangent to the a 2 2b
− − = − 1] parabola y 2 = 4ax at a point (x 1 , y 1 ) is ⇒ a 2 = 36 and b 2 = 27
b1 b2
given byyy 1 = 2a (x + x 1 )] Now, Length of latusrectum
⇒ b = − 8a …(iv) ⇒ 2yβ = x + β 2 [from Eq. (i)] 2b 2 2 × 27
Also, the point (a, b) lies on the ellipse (i), x β = = = 9 units
⇒ y= + …(ii) a 6
so 2β 2
4a 2 + b 2 = 8 Since, line (ii) is also a tangent of the
⇒ 4a + 64a 2 = 8
2
[from Eq.(iv)]
258 The tangent and normal to the
ellipse
8 ellipse 3x 2 + 5y 2 = 32 at the point
⇒ 68a = 8 ⇒ a =
2 2
x 2 + 2y 2 = 1 2 P (2, 2) meets the X-axis at Q and R,
2 1
2
68 β 1
2 ∴ = ( 1) + respectively. Then, the area (in sq
⇒ a2 = 2 2β 2
17 units) of the ∆PQR is
[Qcondition of tangency of line
[2019, 10 April Shift-II]
255 In an ellipse, with centre at the x2 y2
y = mx + c to ellipse + = 1 is 16 14
origin, if the difference of the a2 b2 (a) (b)
3 3
lengths of major axis and minor c 2 = a 2 m2 + b 2 ,
34 68
1 1 β (c) (d)
axis is 10 and one of the foci is at here, m = , a = 1, b = and c = 15 15
(0, 5 3), then the length of its latus 2β 2 2
Ans. (d)
rectum is β2 1 1
[2019, 8 April Shift-II] ⇒ = + Equation of given ellipse is
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) 6 4 4β 2 2
3x 2 + 5y 2 = 32 …(i)
Ans. (a) ⇒ β 4 = 1 + 2β 2
Now, the slope of tangent and normal at
x2 y2 ⇒ β − 2β − 1 = 0
4 2
One of the focus of ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 is point P(2, 2) to the ellipse (i) are
a b 2± 4+ 4 2± 2 2 respectively
on Y-axis (0, 5 3) ⇒ β2 = = = 1± 2
2 2 dy dx
∴ be = 5 3 …(i) mT = and mN = −
⇒ β2 = 1 + 2 [Qβ 2 > 0] dx (2 , 2 ) dy (2 , 2 )
[where e is eccentricity of ellipse] Q α = β2 = 1 + 2
Coordinate Geometry 329
On differentiating ellipse (i), w.r.t. x, we get Since, tangent (ii) passes through point x2 y2
+ =1
dy dy 3x Q (4, 4) 4 8
6x + 10 y =0 ⇒ =−
4
dx dx 5y ∴ 2 cosθ + sinθ = 1 … (iii) Now, from the option the ellipse
3 x2 y2
3x 3 + =1
So, mT = − =− and equation of normal to ellipse (i) at
5y 5 4 8
(2 , 2 )
point P is
passes through the point ( 2, 2).
5y 5 4x 3y
and mN = = − =4−3
3y 3 2 cosθ 3 sinθ
(2 , 2 ) 261 If tangents are drawn to the ellipse
Now, equation of tangent and normal to ⇒ 2x sinθ − 3 cos θy = sinθ cosθ … (iv) x 2 + 2y 2 = 2 at all points on the
the given ellipse (i) at point P(2, 2) are Since, normal (iv) is parallel to line, ellipse other than its four vertices,
3 2x + y = 4
(y − 2) = − (x − 2) then the mid-points of the tangents
5 ∴ Slope of normal (iv) = slope of line, intercepted between the coordinate
5
and (y − 2) = (x − 2) respectively. 2x + y = 4 ⇒
2
tanθ = − 2 axes lie on the curve
3
3 [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I]
It is given that point of intersection of x2 y2
⇒ tanθ = − 3 ⇒θ = 120º 1 1
tangent and normal are Q and R at X-axis (a) + =1 (b) + =1
respectively. 3 1 4 2 4x2 2y 2
⇒ (sinθ, cosθ) = , −
x2 y2
So, Q , 0 and R , 0
16 4 2 2 1 1
(c) + =1 (d) + 2 =1
3 5 2 4 2x 2
4y
3
1 Hence, point P − 1,
∴ Area of ∆PQR = (QR) × height 2 Ans. (d)
2
2 Given equation of ellipse is x 2 + 2y 2 = 2 ,
1 68 68 3
= × × 2 = sq units Now, PQ = (4 + 1) 2 + 4 − x2 y2
2 15 15 2 which can be written as + = 1.
2 1
2 2
[given cordinates of Q ≡≡ (4, 4)]
[QQR = − = =
16 4 68 68 Let P be a point on the ellipse, other than
3 5 15 15 its four vertices. Then, the parametric
25 5 5
and height = 2] = 25 + = coordinates of P be ( 2 cosθ, sinθ)
4 2
Y
259 If the normal to the ellipse
260 An ellipse, with foci at (0, 2) and B
3x 2 + 4y 2 = 12 at a point P on it is
(0, − 2) and minor axis of length 4, P (√2 cos θ, sin θ)
parallel to the line, 2x + y = 4 and the
passes through which of the
tangent to the ellipse at P passes X
following points? A
through Q(4, 4) then PQ is equal to
[2019, 12 April Shift-II]
[ 2019, 12 April Shift-I]
(a) ( 2 , 2) Now, the equation of tangent at P is
5 5 61 (b) (2, 2 ) x 2 cosθ y sinθ
(a) (b) + =1
2 2 (c) (2,2 2 ) 2 1
221 157 (d) (1, 2 2 )
[Qequation of tangent at (x 1 , y 1 ) is given
(c) (d) Ans. (a)
2 2 byT = 0
Let the equation of ellipse be xx 1 yy 1
Ans. (a) ⇒ 2 + 2 =1
x2 y2 a b
Key Idea Equation of tangent and normal + =1 …(i) x y
a2 b2 ⇒ + =1
x2 y2 2 secθ cosec θ
to the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 at point p(x 1, y 1 ) is
a b Since, foci are at (0, 2) and (0, − 2), major
xx yy axis is along theY-axis. ∴A ( 2 secθ, 0) and B (0, cosec θ)
T = 0 ⇒ 21 + 21 = 1
a b So, be = 2 …(ii) Let mid-point of AB be R (h, k), then
a2 x b2 y [where e is the eccentricity of ellipse] 2 secθ cosec θ
and − = a 2 − b 2 respectively. h= and k =
x1 y1 and 2a = length of minor axis = 4 [given] 2 2
Equation of given ellipse is3x 2 + 4y 2 = 12 ⇒ a =2 …(iii) 2h = 2 secθ and 2k = cosec θ
a2 1 1
x2 y2 Q e = 1− 2
2
⇒ cosθ = and sinθ =
⇒ + =1 … (i) b 2h 2k
4 3 2
2 = 1 − 4 Qe = 2 We know that, cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1
Now, let point P(2 cosθ, 3 sinθ) , so ∴
b b2 b 1 1
equation of tangent to ellipse (i) at point ∴ + =1
8 2h2 4k 2
P is ⇒ = 1 ⇒b 2 = 8
b2 1 1
x cosθ y sinθ So, locus of (h, k) is 2 + 2 = 1
+ =1 … (ii) Thus, equation of required ellipse is 2x 4y
2 3
330 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
262 Let the length of the latus rectum Ans. (d) Ans. (b)
of an ellipse with its major axis x2 y2 1 a
Let the ellipse be 2 + 2 = 1. We have, e = and = 4
along X-axis and centre at the a b 2 e
∴ a =2
origin, be 8. If the distance Then, according to given information, we
1
2
between the foci of this ellipse is have the following figure. Now, b 2 = a 2 (1 − e 2 ) = (2) 2 1 −
equal to the length of its minor Y 2
= 4 1 − = 3
1
axis, then which one of the
B (0,b) 4
following points lies on it?
⇒ b= 3
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
(a) (4 2, 2 3) X ∴ Equation of the ellipse is
S′(–ae,o)O S(ae,0)
x2 y2 x2 y2
(b) (4 3, 2 2)
2
+ =1 ⇒ + =1
2
(c) (4 2, 2 2) (2) ( 3) 4 3
(d) (4 3, 2 3) 3
Now, the equation of normal at 1, is
2
Ans. (b) b
Clearly, slope of line SB = a2 x b2 y
Let the equation of ellipse be −ae − = a2 − b2
x2 y2 x1 y1
+ =1 b
and slope of line S ′B = 4x 3y
a2 b2 ae ⇒ − =4−3
Then, according the problem, we have 1 (3 /2)
Q Lines SB and S ′ B are perpendicular,
2b 2 ⇒ 4x − 2y = 1
= 8 and 2ae = 2b so
a 2b 2 b b
[length of latus rectum = and . = −1 265 The area (in sq units) of the
a −ae ae
length of minor axis = 2b] [Qproduct of slopes of two quadrilateral formed by the
b b perpendicular lines is (−1)] tangents at the end points of the
⇒ b = 4 and = e ⇒ b (e) = 4 latera recta to the ellipse
a a ⇒ b2 = a2 e2 …(i)
2
⇒ b = 4⋅
1 Also, it is given that area of ∆S ′ BS = 8 x2 y
e
…(i)
1 2 + = 1 is
∴ a =8 9 5 [JEE Main 2015]
Also, we know thatb 2 = a 2 (1 − e 2 ) 2 27
b2 (a) (b) 18
⇒ = 1 − e2 [QS ′ B = SB = a because S ′ B + SB = 2a 4
a2 and S ′ B = SB] 27
b ⇒ a 2 = 16 ⇒ a = 4
(c) (d) 27
⇒ e2 = 1 − e2 Q =e …(ii) 2
a
1 b2
⇒ 2e 2 = 1 ⇒ e = …(ii) Q e = 1 − 2 = 1 − e [from Eq. (i)]
2 2
Ans. (d)
2 a
Given equation of ellipse is
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 1
⇒ 2e = 1 ⇒ e 2 =
2
…(iii) x2 y2
b =4 2 2 + =1 …(i)
9 5
b2 32 From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
Now, a =
2
= = 64 ∴ a 2 = 9, b 2 = 5
1− e 2
1−
1
1 1 ⇒ a = 3, b = 5
2 b = a = 16 [using Eq. (ii)]
2 2
x2 y2 2 2 b2 5 2
∴Equation of ellipse be + =1 Now, e = 1− = 1− =
64 32 ⇒ b =8
2
a2 9 3
Now, check all the options. Now, length of latus rectum foci = (± ae, 0) = (± 2, 0)
Only (4 3, 2 2), satisfy the above equation. 2b 2 2 × 8 b2 5
= = = 4 units and =
a 4 a 3
263 Let S and S′ be the foci of an Y
264 The eccentricity of an ellipse
ellipse and B be any one of the P (0,3)
whose centre is at the origin is 1/2.
extremities of its minor axis. If (–2, 5/3)
If one of its directrices is x = − 4,
∆S ′ BS is a right angled triangle then the equation of the normal to
M L (2, 5/3)
with right angle at B and area 3 Q
(∆S ′ BS) = 8 sq units, then the length it at 1, is X′
(–2,0)
X
2 [JEE Main 2017]
O (2,0) (9/2, 0)
of a latus rectum of the ellipse is (a) 2y − x = 2 M′ L′
(–2, –5/3) (2, –5/3)
[2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] (b) 4x − 2y = 1
(a) 2 2 (b) 4 2 (c) 4x + 2y = 7
(c) 2 (d) 4 (d) x + 2y = 4 Y′
Coordinate Geometry 331
∴ Extremities of one of latusrectum are k2b 2 h2 a 2 (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
⇒ + 2 =1
5 −5 (h + k )
2 2 2
(h + k 2 ) 2 true
2, and 2, .
3 3 2k 2
6h 2 (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
⇒ + =1 true; Statement II is a correct
5 (h2 + k 2 ) 2 (h2 + k 2 ) 2
∴ Equation of tangent at 2, is, explanation of Statement I
3
[Qa 2 = 6 and b 2 = 2] (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
x (2) y (5 /3)
+ =1 ⇒ 6x 2 + 2y 2 = (x 2 + y 2 ) 2 true; Statement II is not a correct
9 5 explanation of Statement I
[replacing k by y and h by x]
or 2x + 3y = 9 …(ii) (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
9
Eq.(ii) intersects X and Y-axes at , 0
false
267 The equation of the circle passing
2 Ans. (c)
through the foci of the ellipse
and (0, 3), respectively. Statement I
x2 y2
∴ Area of quadrilateral = 4 × Area of ∆POQ + = 1 and having centre at Analysis given, a parabola y 2 = 16 3x and
1 9 16 9
= 4 × × × 3 an ellipse2x 2 + y 2 = 4.
2 2 (0, 3) is [JEE Main 2013]
To find The equation of common
= 27 sq units (a) x 2 + y 2 − 6y − 7 = 0
tangent to the given parabola and the
(b) x 2 + y 2 − 6y + 7 = 0
ellipse. This can be very easily done by
266 The locus of the foot of (c) x 2 + y 2 − 6y − 5 = 0 comparing the standard equation of
(d) x 2 + y 2 − 6y + 5 = 0
perpendicular drawn from tangents. Standard equation of tangent
the centre of the ellipse Ans. (a) with slope ‘ m’ to the parabola y 2 = 16 3x
x 2 + 3y 2 = 6 on any tangent to it, is Given equation of ellipse is is
[JEE Main 2014] x2 y2 4 3
+ =1 y = mx + …(i)
(a) (x 2 − y 2 ) 2 = 6 x 2 + 2 y 2 16 9 m
(b) (x 2 − y 2 ) 2 = 6 x 2 − 2 y 2 Y
Standard equation of tangent with slope
(c) (x 2 + y 2 ) 2 = 6 x 2 + 2 y 2 x2 y2
(d) (x 2 + y 2 ) 2 = 6 x 2 − 2 y 2 ‘ m’ to the ellipse + = 1 is
(0, b) 2 4
Ans. (c)
r
S y = mx ± 2m2 + 4 …(ii)
Equation of ellipse is x 2 + 3y 2 = 6. X′ S′
X
Equation of the tangent is If a line L is a common tangent to both
x cosθ y sinθ (–ae, 0) (ae, 0) parabola and ellipse, then L should be
+ = 1.
a b Y′ tangent to parabola, i.e., its equation
Let (h, k) be any point on the locus, then 9 7 should be like Eq. (i).
Here, a = 4, b = 3, e = 1 − ⇒
h k 16 4 L should be tangent to ellipse i.e., its
cosθ + sinθ = 1 …(i)
a b 7 equation should be like Eq. (ii).
∴ Foci is (± ae,0) = ± 4 × , 0
−b 4 i.e., L must be like both of the Eqs. (i) and
Slope of the tangent line is cotθ.
a
= (± 7 ,0) (ii).
Slope of perpendicular drawn from Hence, comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
k ∴ Radius of the circle, r = (ae) 2 + b 2
centre (0, 0) to (h, k) is . 4 3
h = 7 + 9 = 16 = 4 = ± 2m2 + 4
Since, both the lines are perpendicular. Now, equation of circle is m
k × − b cotθ = −1 (x − 0) 2 + (y − 3) 2 = 16 On squaring both sides we get
∴ ∴ x 2 + y 2 − 6y − 7 = 0
h a ⇒ m2 (2m2 + 4) = 48
cosθ sinθ ⇒ m4 + 2m2 − 24 = 0
⇒ = =α [say] 268 Statement I An equation of a
ha kb
common tangent to the parabola ⇒ (m2 + 6)(m2 − 4) = 0
⇒ cosθ = αha, sinθ = αkb
y 2 = 16 3x and the ellipse ⇒ m2 = 4 [Q m2 ≠ − 6]
From Eq. (i),
h k 2x 2 + y 2 = 4 is y = 2x + 2 3. ∴ m= ± 2
(αha) + (αkb) = 1
a b Statement II If the line Substituting m = ± 2 in the Eq. (i), we get
⇒ h2 α + k 2 α = 1 4 3
1 y = mx + , (m ≠ 0) is a common the required equation of the common
⇒ α= 2 m tangents as
h + k2
Also, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
tangent to the parabola y 2 = 16 3x y = 2x + 2 3
and the ellipse 2x 2 + y 2 = 4, then m and y = − 2x − 2 3
⇒ (αkb) 2 + (αha) 2 = 1
satisfies m 4 + 2m2 = 24.
⇒ α k b +α h a = 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
[AIEEE 2012] Hence, Statement I is correct.
332 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Statement II (a) 5 x 2 + 3y 2 − 48 = 0 ∴
4
b2 =
In Statement II, we have already seen (b) 3x 2 + 5 y 2 − 15 = 0 3
4 3 (c) 5 x 2 + 3y 2 − 32 = 0 Hence, equation is
that, if the line y = mx + is a x 2 3y 2
m (d) 3x 2 + 5 y 2 − 32 = 0 + = 1 ⇒ x 2 + 12y 2 = 16
common tangent to the parabola Ans. (d) 16 4
x2 y2 x2 y2
y 2 = 16 3x and the ellipse + = 1, Given, + =1
2 4 272 A focus of an ellipse is at the origin.
a2 b2
then it satisfies the equation Y The directrix is the line x = 4 and
m4 + 2m2 − 24 = 0. 1
the eccentricity is , then the
Hence, Statement II is also correct but is (– 3, 1) P+ 2
not able to explain the Statement I. It is an length of semi-major axis is
X′ X
intermediate step in the final answer. O [AIEEE 2008]
5 8 2 4
269 An ellipse is drawn by taking a (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
diameter of the circle (x − 1) 2 + y 2 = 1 Y′
Ans. (b)
as its semi-minor axis and a diameter 2 a 1
Passes through P(− 3, 1) and e = . − ae = 4 and e =
of the circle x 2 + ( y − 2) 2 = 4 is 5
Q
e 2
semi-major axis. If the centre of ∴
9 1
+ 2 = 1 and e = 1 − 2
2 b2 a
∴ 2a − = 4
the ellipse is at the origin and its a 2
b a 2
axes are the coordinate axes, 9 5 2 b2
⇒ + = 1 and = 1− 2 Y
then the equation of the ellipse is a 2 3a 2 5 a
27 + 5 b 2
3
[AIEEE 2012] ⇒ = 1 and 2 =
(a) 4 x 2 + y 2 = 4 (b) x 2 + 4 y 2 = 8 3a 2 a 5
32 32 X′ X
(c) 4 x 2 + y 2 = 8 (d) x 2 + 4 y 2 = 16 ⇒ a =2
and b =2
Ans. (d) 3 5
∴ Equation on ellipse
Given
3x 2 5y 2 x=4
(i) An ellipse whose semi-minor axis ⇒ + =1 Y′
coincides with one of the 32 32
3a 8
diameters of the circle ⇒ 3x 2 + 5y 2 = 32 ⇒ =4 ⇒ a =
2 3
(x − 1) 2 + y 2 = 1.
(ii) The semi-major axis of the ellipse 271 The ellipse x 2 + 4y 2 = 4 is inscribed 273 In an ellipse, the distances between
coincides with one of the in a rectangle aligned with the its foci is 6 and minor axis is 8.
diameters of circle x 2 + (y − 2) 2 = 4. Then, its eccentricity is
coordinate axes, which in turn is
(iii) The centre of the ellipse is at [AIEEE 2007]
origin. inscribed in another ellipse that 1 4 1 3
passes through the point (4, 0). (a) (b) (c) (d)
(iv) The axes of the ellipse are 2 5 5 5
coordinate axes. Then, the equation of the ellipse is
[AIEEE 2009] Ans. (d)
To find The equation of the ellipse.
(a) x + 12 y = 16 (b) 4 x + 48 y = 48
2 2 2 2 Given that, 2ae = 6 and 2b = 8
Diameter of circle (x − 1) 2 + y 2 = 1 is 2
units and that of circle x 2 + ( y − 2) 2 = 4 is (c) 4 x 2 + 64 y 2 = 48 (d) x 2 + 16 y 2 = 16 ⇒ ae = 3 and b = 4
4 units. Ans. (a) ae 3 b 2 16 e 2
⇒ Semi-minor axis of ellipse, b = 2 units ⇒ = ⇒ =
Let the equation of the required ellipse b 4 a2 9
and semi-major axis of ellipse,a = 4units. x2 y2 We know that,
be + = 1.
Hence, the equation of the ellipse is 16 b 2 b2 16 e 2
= 1 − e2 ⇒ = 1 − e2
x2 y2 But the ellipse passes through the point a2 9
+ =1
a2 b2 (2, 1). 16 + 9 2 9
⇒ e =1 ⇒ e2 =
x 2
y 2 2
x2 + y = 1 9 25
⇒ + =1 Y 3
16 4 4 1 ∴ e=
∴ x + 4y = 16
2 2 A(2, 1) 5
(0, 1) 274 Area of the greatest rectangle that
270 Equation of the ellipse whose axes X′
O (2, 0)
X
(4, 0) can be inscribed in the ellipse
are the axes of coordinates and x2 y2
which passes through the point + = 1 is
Y′ a 2 b2 [AIEEE 2005]
2 a
(−3, 1) and has eccentricity is 1 1 1 3 (a) sq unit (b) ab sq unit
5 ⇒ + =1⇒ 2 = b
4 b2 b 4
[AIEEE 2011] (c) ab sq unit (d) 2ab sq unit
Coordinate Geometry 333
Ans. (d) Y Hence, equation of ellipse is
x2 y2
Let the coordinates of the vertices of B(0, b) + =1
rectangle ABCD be 4 3
A (a cos θ, b sin θ), B (− a cos θ, b sin θ), 45° or 3x 2 + 4y 2 = 12
X′ X
C (− a cos θ, − b sin θ) and F' O F A(a, 0)
D (a cos θ, − b sin θ) (–ae,0) (ae,0) 277 The radius of the circle passing
Then length of rectangle, AB = 2a cosθ through the foci of the ellipse
and breadth of rectangle, AD = 2b sinθ x2 y2
+ = 1 and having its centre at
∴ Area of rectangle, A = AB × AD Y′ 16 9
= 2a cos θ × 2b sin θ (0, 3), is
⇒ ae = b [AIEEE 2002]
⇒ A = 2 ab sin 2θ …(i)
[since, ∆BOF ′ is an isosceles triangle] (a) 4 units (b) 3 units
Y b2 7
and e2 = 1 − 2 (c) 12 units (d) units
(– a cos θ, b sin θ) (a cos θ, b sin θ) a 2
B A a2 e2 Ans. (a)
⇒ e = 1 − 2 ⇒ e2 = 1 − e2
2
X′ a The equation of an ellipse is
X
O ⇒ 2e2 = 1 x2 y2
+ =1
1 16 9
C D ∴ e=
(– a cos θ, – b sin θ) (a cos θ, – b sin θ) 2 Y
Y′ [since, e cannot be negative]
On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. θ, we get Alternate Solution (0,3)
dA Since,F and F ′ are foci of an ellipse,
= 2 × 2 ab cos 2θ
dθ whose coordinates are (ae, 0) and (− ae, 0)
X′ X
dA respectively and coordiantes of B are S′ O S A(a, 0)
For maxima or minima, put =0 (0, b) . (–ae,0) (ae,0)
dθ
b
⇒ 4ab cos 2θ = 0 ∴ Slope of BF = and slope of
− ae Y′
π π
∴ 2θ = ⇒ θ=
2 4 b Here, a = 4, b = 3
BF ′ = Q ∠FBF ′ = 90 °
d2 A ae b2 9 7
Now, = − 8ab sin 2θ Eccentricity, e = 1 − = 1− =
dθ2 a2 16 4
b b
π d2 A ∴ − ⋅ = −1
At θ = , 2 <0 ae ae Foci of an ellipse are (± ae, 0) i.e.,
4 dθ ⇒ b2 = a2 e2 (± 7 , 0).
π b2 a2 e2 ∴ Radius of required circle
∴ Area is maximum atθ = . ∴ e2 = 1 − 2 = 1 − 2
4 a a = ( 7 − 0) 2 + (0 − 3) 2
⇒ Maximum area of rectangle = 2ab sq ⇒ 2e = 1 ∴ e =
1
= 7 + 9 = 16 = 4units
2
units [from Eq. (i)] 2
Alternate Solution
From Eq. (i), 276 The eccentricity of an ellipse with 278 The equation of the ellipse whose
Area of rectangle, A = 2ab sin 2θ
1
its centre at the origin, is . If one foci are (± 2, 0) and eccentricity is
2 1/2, is [AIEEE 2002]
∴ A is maximum when sin2θ = 1
⇒ Maximum area of rectangle = 2ab sq of the directrices is x = 4, then the (a)
x 2 y2
+ =1 (b)
x 2 y2
+ =1
units equation of the ellipse is 12 16 16 12
2 2
[AIEEE 2004] x y
(c) + =1 (d) None of these
275 An ellipse has OB as semi-minor (a) 3x 2 + 4 y 2 = 1 (b) 3x 2 + 4 y 2 = 12 16 8
axis, F and F ′ its foci and the ∠FBF (c) 4 x 2 + 3y 2 = 12 (d) 4 x 2 + 3y 2 = 1 Ans. (b)
is a right angle. Then, the Ans. (b) 1
Given that, e = , ae = 2 ⇒ a = 4
eccentricity of the ellipse is Since, equation of directrix is x = 4, then 2
major axis of an ellipse is along X-axis.
[AIEEE 2005] ∴ b 2 = a 2 (1 − e 2 )
1 1 1 1 a 1 1
∴ =4 ⇒ a =4× Qe =
= 16 1 − = 12
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
3 4 2 2 e 2 2 4
⇒ a =2
Ans. (d) Hence, equation of an ellipse is
Now, b 2 = a 2 (1 − e 2 )
Since, ∠FBF ′ = 90 °, then x2 y2
+ = 1.
b 2 = 4 1 − = 4 × ⇒ b 2 = 3
1 3
∠OBF ′ = 45° and ∠BF ′ O = 45° ∴ 16 12
4 4
334 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
∴ Q (0, − 3) (x + 1) 2 (4 − 2) 2
TOPIC 5 ⇒
9
−
16
=1
Equation of normal at P
Hyperbola y − 3 −1 12 Eccentricity, e = 1 +
16 5
=
= ×
x + 2 6 3 −2 6 9 3
279 Let A (sec θ, 2 tan θ) and B ⇒ y − 3 = 2 12 = 4 3 ⇒Foci are (4, 2) and (−6, 2).
A (α, β)
(sec φ, 2 tan φ) , where θ + φ = π /2, be ⇒ y=5 3
two points on the hyperbola
∴ R (0, 5 3)
2x 2 − y 2 = 2 . If (α, β) is the point of
⇒ QR = 6 3
the intersection of the normals to G
the hyperbola at A and B, then (2β) 2 (h,k)
281 The locus of the mid-points of the
is equal to [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II] (–6, 2) (4, 2)
chords of the hyperbola x 2 − y 2 = 4,
Ans. (*)
which touch the parabola y 2 = 8x, is Let the centroid be (h, k) and A(α, β) be
Let A(sec θ, 2 tan θ) lie on hyperbola [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II] point on hyperbol(a)
2x 2 − y 2 = 2 (a) y 3 (x − 2) = x 2 (b) x 3 (x − 2) = y 2 α −6 + 4 β + 2+2
So, h= ,k=
⇒ 2(1 + tan2 θ) − 4 tan2 θ = 2 (c) y 2 (x − 2) = x 3 (d) x 2 (x − 2) = y 3 3 3
⇒ 2 tan2 θ = 0 ⇒ α = 3h + 2, β = 2k − 4
Ans. (c)
⇒ tanθ = 0 (α, β) lies on hyperbola, so
Let the mid-point of the chord is (h1 k).
⇒ θ=0 Then, chord through mid-point (h, k) is 16(3h + 2 + 1) 2 − 9(3k − 4 − 2) 2 = 144
Similarly, point B(sec φ, 2 tan φ) lie on T = S1 ⇒ 144(h + 1) 2 − 81(k − 2) 2 = 144
hyperbola
xh − yk = h2 − k 2 …(i) ⇒ 16(h + 2h + 1) − 9(k 2 − 4k + 4) = 16
2
⇒ tanφ = 0
Now, this is also a tangent of y 2 = 8x ⇒ 16x 2 − 9y 2 + 32x + 36y − 36 = 0
⇒ φ=0
The equation of the tangent of slope m
⇒ θ+ φ=0 to the parabola y 2 = 8x is given by 283 Let a line L :2x + y = k , k > 0 be a
π
But in question it is given that, θ + φ = Tangent : y = mx +
2
tangent to the hyperbola
2 m
which is not possible.
x 2 − `y 2 = 3. If L is also a tangent to
⇒ m2 x − my = −2 …(ii) the parabola y 2 = αx, then α is
Eqs. (i) and (ii) are coincide
280 The point P (− 2 6, 3) lies on the equal to [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
h − k h2 − k 2
x2 y2 ∴ = = (a) 12 (b) −12
hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1 having m 2
−m −2 (c) 24 (d) −24
a b h
⇒ h = km ⇒m = Ans. (d)
5 k
eccentricity . If the tangent and T : 2x + y = k
2 k 2 h2 − k 2 H : x2 − y2 = 3
∴ =
normal at P to the hyperbola h −2 P : y 2 = αx
intersect its conjugate axis at the −2k 2 = h3 − hk 2 IfT is tangent, then
point Q and R respectively, then QR ⇒ h3 = k 2 (h − 2) y = mx ± a 2 m2 − b 2
is equal to [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
Therefore, locus of mid-point of the y = mx ± m2 − 1
(a) 4 3 (b) 6 (c) 6 3 (d) 3 6
chords, x 3 = y 2 (x − 2)
Ans. (c) ⇒ y = − 2x − k
On comparing both sides we get
a +b =a e
2 2 2 2
282 The locus of the centroid of the
m = −2 and k = 3
5 triangle formed by any point P on
a2 + b2 = a2 If 2x + y = 3 is also tangent to y 2 = αx,
4 the hyperbola α
Then, y = mx +
4b 2 = a 2 16x 2 − 9y 2 + 32x + 36y − 164 = 0, and 4m
x2
y2 its foci is [2021, 25 July Shift-I] m = −2
− 2 =1 Q
2
a b (a) 16x 2 − 9y 2 + 32x − 36y − 36 = 0 α
∴ =3
QPoint P(−2 6, 3) lies on given ellips. (b) 9x 2 − 16y 2 + 36x − 32y − 144 = 0 −8
24 3 (c) 16x 2 − 9y 2 + 32x − 36y − 144 = 0 ⇒ α = −24
∴ − =1 (d) 9x 2 − 16y 2 + 36x − 32y − 36 = 0
4b 2 b 2
Ans. (a) 284 A square ABCD has all its vertices
⇒ b 2 = 3 ⇒a 2 = 12
Given, hyperbola is on the curve x 2 y 2 = 1. The
Equation of tangent at P
16x 2 − 9y 2 + 32x − 36y − 164 = 0 mid-points of its sides also lie on
x (−2 6) y ( 3)
− =1 ⇒ 16(x + 1) 2 − 9(y − 2) 2 the same curve. Then, the square
12 3 of area of ABCD is ………… .
= 164 + 16 − 36 = 144
For conjugate axis, put x = 0 [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
Coordinate Geometry 335
Ans. (80) Ans. (c) Ans. (d)
2x –√6y=2 Given, equation of circle ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 25
1 1 Y
Let A t 1 , and C t 3 , lies on xy = 1 x2 y2
Equation of hyperbola ⇒ − =1
t 1 t 3 (√6, 2(√6-1)/√6) R
9 16
1 1 P (4, √6) Let the mid-point of the chord of the
and B t 2 , and D t 4 , lies on xy = − 1
t
4
2 t circle be (h, k).
(1, 0) The equation of a chord through its
as shown in figure.
O Q F (√6, 0) mid-point is simplyT = S 1
ABCD is a square and by symmetry,
diagonals must intersects at O(0, 0).
∠AOB = 90 °
−1 1 (h, k)
⇒ ⋅ =−1
t 12 t 22
⇒ t 12 t 22 = 1 …(i)
Given, x 2 − 2y 2 = 4
t1 + t2 t2 − t1
Also, mid-point of AB is P x2 y2
2 , 2t t ⇒ − =1
1 2 4 2
lies on xy = 1 x2 y2
whereT is the equation of tangent and S 1
⇒ 2
− =1 is the value of S by putting (h, k).
A (2) ( 2) 2
Here,
Here, a = 2, b = 2 hx + ky = h2 + k 2
b2 2 The equation of tangent to hyperbola
D P ∴ e = 1+ = 1+
a 2
4 x2 y2
− = 1 is y = mx ± a 2 m − b 2
O a2 b2
B 1 3
= 1+ =
2 2 Here, y = mx ± 9m2 − 16
So, Focus (F ) = (± a e,0) = (± 6, 0) − hx h2 + k 2
C So, y = + … (i)
Now, equation of tangent at P(4, 6) is k k
t + t2 t2 − t1 4x − 2 6y = 4 and y = mx ± 9 m2 − 16 … (ii)
⇒ 1 =1
2 2t 1t 2 [Qx ⋅ x − 2 ⋅ y ⋅ y = 4, x ⋅ 4 − 2 ⋅ y ⋅ 6 = 4]
Eqs. (i) and (ii) are identical, so
⇒ 2x − 6y = 2 … (i)
⇒ t 22 − t 12 = 4t 1t 2 …(ii) 1 − h/k h2 + k 2 −h
Putting y = 0 in Eq. (i), we get x-intercept = = ⇒ m=
Now, area of square = (AB) 2 1 k 9m − 16
of tangent i.e. x = 1 m 2 k
2
1 1 ∴ Q ≡ (1, 0) (h2 + k 2 ) 2
= (t 1 − t 2 ) 2 + + ⇒ 9m2 − 16 =
t1 t2 Hence, equation of corresponding latus k2
(t 2 + t 1 ) 2 rectum is x = 6. h2 (h + k 2 ) 2
2
= (t 1 − t 2 ) 2 + ⇒ 9 2 − 16 =
2( 6 − 1) k k2
t 12 t 22 ∴R ≡ 6,
6 h → x
= (t 1 − t 2 ) 2 + (t 2 + t 1 ) 2 [From Eq. (i)] ⇒ 9h2 − 16k 2 = (h2 + k 2 ) 2
= 2 (t 12 + t 22 )
[putting x = 6 in Eq. (i), we get k → y
2( 6 − 1) 9x 2 − 16y 2 = (x 2 + y 2 ) 2
y= So,
= 2 (t 22 − t 12 ) 2 + 4t 12 t 22 6 or (x + y 2 ) − 9x 2 + 16y 2 = 0
2
1
∴Area of ∆QFR = × (QF ) × (RF )
= 2 16t 12 t 22 + 4t 12 ⋅t 22 2
287 A hyperbola passes through the
= 2 20 = 80 1 2( 6 − 1) x2 y2
= ( 6 − 1) ×
∴Square of area = 80 sq units 2 6 foci of the ellipse + = 1 and its
25 16
( 6 − 1)
= − 2
2
7
285 Consider a hyperbola = transverse and conjugate axes
6 6
H : x 2 − 2y 2 = 4. Let the tangent at a coincide with major and minor axes
point P(4, 6 ) meet the x-axis at Q 286 The locus of the mid-points of the of the ellipse, respectively. If the
and latus rectum at R (x 1, y 1 ), x 1 > 0. chord of the circle, x 2 + y 2 = 25 product of their eccentricities is
If F is a focus of H which is nearer which is tangent to the hyperbola, one, then the equation of the
to the point P, then the area of x2 y2 hyperbola is [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
− = 1 is
∆QFR is equal to 9 16 [2021, 16 March Shift-I] x2 y2 x2 y2
[2021, 18 March Shift-II] (a) (x 2 + y2 ) 2 − 16 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 0 (a) − =1 (b) − =1
9 16 9 4
(a) 4 6 (b) 6 − 1 (b) (x 2 + y2 ) 2 − 9 x 2 + 144 y 2 = 0
7 x2 y2
(c) −2 (d) 4 6 − 2 (c) (x 2 + y2 ) 2 − 9 x 2 − 16 y 2 = 0 (c) − =1 (d) x 2 − y 2 = 9
6 (d) (x 2 + y2 ) 2 − 9 x 2 + 16 y 2 = 0 9 25
336 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (a) (2 3x) k = 4 3 + 4 3k 2 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2
x y2
4 3 (1 + k ) 16y 12 y 12 14 2
= 2 k + − = 1 ⇒ y 12 = 1 ⇒y 12 =
2
Given, ellipse is + =1 1
∴ x= 4 2 4 7
25 16 2 3k k
x2 y2 32
or + 2 =1 Subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), and x 1 = 16y 1 ⇒x 1 = ,
2 2 2
(5) 2
(4) 7
3kx + ky − 4 3 = 0 32 10 42
Compare it with standard equation So, x 12 + 5y 12 = + = =6
x2 y2 3kx − ky − 4 3k 2 = 0 7 7 7
+ = 1,
− + + π
a2 b2
2ky = 4 3 − 4 3k 2 290 For some θ ∈ 0, , if the eccentric
we geta = 5, b = 4 2
Now, focus of ellipse = (± e, 0) where 4 3 (1 + k 2 )
= 2 3 k +
1 of the hyperbola, x 2 − y 2 sec2 θ = 10
y=
c = a −b 2 2
2k k is 5 times the eccentricity of the
We have, x = 2 k + and
1
Put the values of a and b, we get ellipse, x 2 sec2 θ + y 2 = 5 , then the
k
c = 52 − 42 = 25 − 16 = 9 length of the latus rectum of the
y = 2 3 − k
1
∴Focus = (± 3, 0) k ellipse, is [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
According to question, hyperbola passes x 1 (a) 2 6 (b) 30
through the focus of ellipse. = k + … (iii)
2 k (c)
2 5
(d)
4 5
x2 y2 3 3
Let equation of hyperbola be 2 − 2 = 1
= − k
y 1
a b … (iv)
2 3 k Ans. (d)
Since, it passes through (±3, 0), we get Equation of given
Squaring and subtracting Eq. (iii) from
(±3) 2 0
− 2 = 1, givesa = ± 3 or a 2 = 9 Eq. (iv), Hyperbola : x 2 − y 2 sec 2 θ = 10
a2 b x2 y2 2
= k + 2 + 2 − 2 + k 2 − 2
1 1 x2 y2
− ⇒ − =1 ...(i)
Also, given that product of eccentrcikes 4 12 k k 10 10 cos2 θ
is 1.
∴Eccentricity of hyperbola (i) is.
2 2
x y
Now, (Eccentricity of ellipse ) − =4
(Eccentricity of hyperbola) = 1
4 12 e 1 = 1 + cos2 θ
x2 y2
16 b 2 or − =1 and Ellipse :
⇒ 1 − 1 + =1 16 48
25 9 x 2 sec2 θ+ y 2 = 5 =
x2
+
y2
= 1 ...(ii)
Clearly, this is a hyperbol(a) 5 cos θ 5
2
(using formula of eccentricity of ellipse b2 48
∴ e2 = 1 + 2 = 1 + = 1+ 3 ∴Eccentricity of ellipse (ii) is
and hyperbola) a 16
e 2 = 1 − cos2 θ
9 b 2 e2 = 4
⇒ 1 + =1
25 9 ∴ e = 4 = 2 (Qe is positive)
It is given that
e1 = 5 e2
Squaring on both sides,
b 2 25 289 A line parallel to the straight ⇒ 1 + cos2 θ = 5(1 − cos2 θ)
1+ = ⇒ b 2 = 16 line 2x − y = 0 is tangent to the
9 9 ⇒ 6 cos2 θ = 4
x2 y2 ⇒ cos2 θ =
2
Thus, equation of hyperbola is hyperbola − = 1 at the point
4 2 3
x2 y2
− = 1. ∴ Length of latus rectum of ellipse (i) is
9 16 (x 1 , y 1 ). Then, x 12 + 5y 21 is equal to
2 (5 cos2 θ)
= 2 5 =
2 4 5
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] =
5 3 3
288 The locus of the point of (a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8
intersection of the lines Ans. (c) Hence, option (d) is correct.
( 3) kx + ky − 4 3 = 0 and Equation of given hyperbola is
x2 y2
− =1
291 A hyperbola having the transverse
3x − y − 4( 3) k = 0 is a conic, 4 2
axis of length 2 has the same foci
whose eccentricity is ………… . and the point (x 1 , y 1 ) at the hyperbola, so
2 2 as that of the ellipse 3x 2 + 4y 2 = 12,
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] x1 y1
− =1 … (i) then this hyperbola does not pass
Ans. (2) 4 2
through which of the following
Given, lines are 3kx + ky − 4 3 = 0 … (i) Now, slope of the tangent to the given
points? [2020, 3 Sep Shift-I]
dyx
3x − y − 4 3 k = 0 … (ii) hyperbola at point (x 1 , y 1 ) is = 1
3
1
dx (x 1 , y 1 ) 2y 1 (a) ,0 (b) − ,1
Multiply Eq. (ii) × k and then adding Eqs. 2 2
(i) and (ii), and the tangent is parallel to the line
3kx + ky − 4 3 = 0
2x − y = 0 1 3 1
x1 (c) 1, − (d) ,
So, = 2 ⇒x 1 = 4y 1 … (ii) 2 2 2
3kx − ky − 4 3k 2 = 0 2y 1
Coordinate Geometry 337
Ans. (d) Hence, option (a) is correct.
b2 b2
⇒ 1− 1+ =1
Equation of given ellipse is 25 16
294 If the line y = mx + c is a common
x2 y2
3x 2 + 4y 2 = 12 ⇒ + =1 … (i) b2 b2
4 3 ⇒ 1 − 1 + =1 tangent to the hyperbola
25 16 x2 y2
∴Eccentricity of ellipse (i) is − = 1 and the circle
b2 b2 b4
3 1 ⇒ 1− + − =1 100 64
e1 = 1 − = 25 16 400
4 2 x 2 + y 2 = 36, then which one of the
⇒ b 2 = 25 − 16
∴Coordinate of foci is (± 1,0). following is true?
⇒ b2 = 9 [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II]
Now, it is given that length of the 4 5
∴ e 1 = and e 2 = (a) c 2 = 369 (b) 5 m = 4
transverse axis of hyperbola is 2, so 5 4
(c) 4c 2 = 369 (d) 8 m + 5 = 0
2 Now, asα = distance between the foci of
e 2 = 1, the ellipse Ans. (c)
2
4 It is given that the line y = mx + c is
where e 2 is the eccentricity of the ⇒ α = 2 × 5 × ⇒α = 8
hyperbol(a) 5 common tangent to the hyperbola
and β = distance between the foci of the x2 y2
So, e2 = 2 – = 1 and the circle x 2 + y 2 = 36, so
hyperbola 100 64
∴Given hyperbola is rectangular 5 c 2 = 100 m2 –64 = 36 (1 + m2 )
hyperbola and it’s equation is ⇒ β = 2 × 4 × = 10
4 100
x2 y2 ∴ 64m2 = 100 ⇒ m2 =
− =1 ∴The order pair (α, β) = (8, 10) 64
1
2
1
2 10
Hence, option (b) is correct. ⇒ m= ±
8
2 2
293 Let P (3, 3) be a point on the 36 × 164 9 × 41 369
⇒ x2 − y2 =
1
… (ii) and c = 2
= =
64 4 4
2 x2 y2
hyperbola, 2 − 2 = 1. If the ⇒ 4 c 2 = 369
So, from the given options point a b
3 1
, does not pass through the normal to it at P intersects the
2 2 295 If a hyperbola passes through the
X-axis at (9, 0) and e is its
hyperbola (ii). point P (10, 16) and it has vertices at
eccentricity, then the ordered pair
Hence, option (d) is correct. (± 6, 0), then the equation of the
(a 2 ,e2 ) is equal to
normal to it at P is
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
292 Let e 1 and e2 be the eccentricities [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
9 3
(a) , 3 (b) , 2 (a) 3x + 4 y = 94 (b) x + 2 y = 42
x2 y2 2 2
of the ellipse, + = 1 (b< 5) and 9
(c) 2 x + 5 y = 100 (d) x + 3y = 58
25 b2 (c) , 2 (d) (9, 3) Ans. (c)
2
x2 y2
the hyperbola, − =1 Ans. (a) Since, the vertices of hyperbola on
16 b2 X-axis at (±6, 0), so equation of hyperbola
respectively satisfying e 1 e2 = 1. If α Equation of given hyperbola is we can assume as
x2 y2
and β are the distances between − =1 …(i) x2 y2
− = 1 and |a | = 6
a2 b2 a2 b2
the foci of the ellipse and the foci
of the hyperbola respectively, then Since, P(3, 3), be a point on Eq. (i). and hyperbola passes through point
9 9
the ordered pair (α, β) is equal to So, − =1 …(ii) P(10, 16) so
a2 b2 (10) 2 (16) 2
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II] − 2 =1
Now, equation of normal at point P to the 62 b
(a) (8, 12) (b) (8, 10)
hyperbola is (16) 2 100 − 36 64
20 24 ⇒ = =
(c) , 12 (d) ,10 a2 x b2 y b2
3 5 + = a2 + b2 …(iii) 36 36
3 3 36 × 256
Ans. (b) ⇒ b =2
= 144
The normal Eq. (iii) intersect the X-axis at 64
For the given ellipse, (9, 0), so
x2 y2 x2 y2
+ = 1 , (b < 5), the eccentricity So, equation of hyperbola is − = 0,
3a 2 = a 2 + b 2 ⇒ b 2 = 2a 2 …(iv) 36 144
25 b 2
QThe eccentricity (e) of hyperbola (i) is and the equation of normal to hyperbola
b2
e1 = 1 − b2 at point P is
25 e = 1+ = 1 + 2 = 3 ⇒ e2 = 3 36x 144y
a2 + = 36 + 144
and for the given hyperbola 10 16
x2 y2 From Eqs. (ii) and (iv), we get 18
− = 1 , the eccentricity 9 9 9 ⇒ x + 9y = 180
16 b 2 2
− 2 = 1 ⇒ 18 − 9 = 2a 2 ⇒ a 2 = 5
a 2a 2 ⇒ 2x + 5y = 100
b2
e2 = 1 + 9
16 ∴The ordered pair (a , e ) = , 3 .
2 2
Hence, option (c) is correct.
2
Since, e 1 e 2 = 1
338 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
296 A circle touches the Y-axis at the Ans. (a) On solving Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
point (0, 4) and passes through the Key Idea An equation of tangent having a 2 = 4 and b 2 = 12 …(iv)
point (2, 0). Which of the following slope Now, equation of tangent to hyperbola (i)
a
lines is not a tangent to this circle? ‘m’ to parabola y 2 = 4ax is y = mx + . at point (4, 6), is
m 4x 6y
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I] − =1
Given equation of curves are a2 b2
(a) 4 x − 3y + 17 = 0 (b) 3x + 4 y − 6 = 0
y 2 = 16x (parabola) …(i) ⇒
4x 6y
− = 1 [from Eq. (iv)]
(c) 4 x + 3y − 8 = 0 (d) 3x − 4 y − 24 = 0
and xy = − 4 (rectangular hyperbola) …(ii) 4 12
Ans. (c) y
Clearly, equation of tangent having slope ⇒ x − = 1 ⇒ 2x − y − 2 = 0
Since, equation of a circle which touches 4 2
‘m’ to parabola (i) is y = mx + …(iii)
the Y-axis at point (0, 4) is m
x 2 + (y − 4) 2 + λx = 0 … (i) 299 If the line y = mx + 7 3 is normal to
Now, eliminating y from Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we
QCircle (i) passes through point (2, 0), so get x2 y2
the hyperbola − = 1, then a
4 + 16 + 2λ = 0 4 24 18
x mx + = − 4
m value of m is [2019, 9 April Shift-I]
⇒ λ = − 10
4
Therefore, equation of the circle is ⇒ mx 2 + x + 4 = 0, (a)
3
(b)
15
(c)
2
(d)
5
m 5 2 5 2
x 2 + (y − 4) 2 − 10 x = 0
which will give the points of intersection
Ans. (c)
⇒ (x − 5) + (y − 4) = 25
2 2
… (ii) of tangent and rectangular hyperbol(a)
Now, equation of tangent to the circle (ii) 4 Given equation of hyperbola, is
Since, line y = mx + is also a tangent
having slope ‘m’ is x2 y2
m − =1 …(i)
y − 4 = m(x − 5) ± 5 1 + m2 to the rectangular hyperbol(a) 24 18
⇒ y = mx + (4 − 5m ± 5 1 + m2 ) … (iii) ∴Discriminant of quadratic equation Since, the equation of the normals of
4 x2 y2
From the option, on taking slope of line, mx 2 + x + 4 = 0, should be zero. slope m to the hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1, are
m a b
we have
[Qthere will be only one point of given by
4
when m = , equation of tangent by Eq. m(a + b 2 )
2
intersection] y = mx m
3 2 a 2 − b 2 m2
(iii), 4
⇒ D = − 4 (m) (4) = 0 ∴ Equation of normals of slope m, to the
we get m
hyperbola (i), are
4 20 16 ⇒ m = 1 ⇒m= 1
3
y = x + 4 − ± 5 1+ m(24 + 18)
3 3 9 y = mx ± …(ii)
So, equation of required tangent is 24 − m2 (18)
⇒ 3y = 4x + (12 − 20 ± 25) y = x + 4.
QLine y = mx + 7 3 is normal to
⇒ 4x − 3y − 8 ± 25 = 0
298 If the eccentricity of the standard hyperbola (i)
⇒ 4x − 3y + 17 = 0 and 4x − 3y − 33 = 0
hyperbola passing through the ∴On comparing with Eq. (ii), we get
Similarly, when m = − 3 /4, equation of m(42)
tangent is point (4, 6) is 2, then the equation of ± =7 3
3 15 9 the tangent to the hyperbola at (4, 6) 24 − 18m2
y = − x + 4 + ± 5 1+ 6m
4 4 16 is [2019, 8 April Shift-II] ⇒ ± = 3
⇒ 4y = − 3x + 31 ± 25 (a) 3x − 2 y = 0 24 − 18m2
⇒ 3x + 4y − 56 = 0 and 3x + 4y − 6 = 0
(b) x − 2 y + 8 = 0 36m2
⇒ =3
4 (c) 2 x − y − 2 = 0 24 − 18m2
Similarly, when m = − , equation of (d) 2 x − 3y + 10 = 0
3 [squaring both sides]
tangent is Ans. (c) ⇒ 12m2 = 24 − 18m2
4 20 25 Let the equation of standard hyperbola is
y = − x + 4 + ± ⇒ 30 m2 = 24
3 3 3 x2 y2 2
− =1 …(i) ⇒ 5m2 = 4 ⇒m = ±
⇒ 4x + 3y − 57 = 0 and 4x + 3y − 7 = 0 a2 b2 5
∴The line4x + 3y − 8 = 0 is not a tangent Now, eccentricity of hyperbola is 300 If a directrix of a hyperbola centred
to the circle. Hence, option (c) is correct.
b2 at the origin and passing through
1+ =2 (given)
297 The equation of a common tangent a2 the point (4, − 2 3) is 5x = 4 5 and
to the curves, y 2 = 16x and xy = − 4, ⇒ a 2 + b 2 = 4a 2 its eccentricity is e, then
is [2019, 12 April Shift-II] ⇒ b 2 = 3a 2 …(ii) [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
(a) x − y + 4 = 0 Since, hyperbola (i) passes through the (a) 4 e − 12 e − 27 = 0
4 2
(b) x + y + 4 = 0 point (4, 6) (b) 4 e 4 − 24 e 2 + 27 = 0
(c) x − 2 y + 16 = 0 16 36 (c) 4 e 4 + 8 e 2 − 35 = 0
∴ − =1 …(iii)
(d) 2 x − y + 2 = 0 a2 b2 (d) 4 e 4 − 24 e 2 + 35 = 0
Coordinate Geometry 339
Ans. (d) Ans. (b) and y = − 3x − 1
Let the equation of hyperbola is Equation of given hyperbola is QPoint ‘P’ is point of intersection of
x2 y2 above common tangents,
− =1 …(i) 16x 2 − 9y 2 = 144
a2 b2 ∴ P(− 1 /3, 0)
x2 y2
⇒ − =1 …(i) and focus of hyperbola S (3, 0) and
Since, equation of given directrix is 9 16
S ′ (− 3, 0).
5x = 4 5 So, the eccentricity of Eq. (i) Thus, the required ratio
5 = 4 5
a
so PS 3 + 1 /3 10 5
e e = 1+
16 5
= = = = =
9 3 PS ′ 3 − 1 /3 8 4
a
[Qequation of directrix is x = ]
e π
a 4
[Qthe eccentricity (e) of the hyperbola 303 Let 0 < θ < . If the eccentricity of
⇒ = …(ii) x 2
y 2 2
e 5 − 2 = 1 is 1 + (b /a) 2 ]
2 x2 y2
and hyperbola (i) passes through point
a b the hyperbola − = 1 is
(4, − 2 3) and given directrix is 5x + 9 = 0 cos2 θ sin2 θ
greater than 2, then the length of
16 12 ⇒ x = − 9/5
so, − =1 …(iii) its latus rectum lies in the interval
a2 b2 5
So, corresponding focus is − 3 , 0 [ 2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
b2 3
The eccentricity e = 1 + 2 = (− 5, 0) 3
(a) (1, ] (b) (3,∞)
a 2
b 2
302 Let P be the point of intersection of 3
⇒ e2 = 1 + 2 (c) ( ,2] (d) (2, 3]
a the common tangents to the parabola 2
⇒ a2 e2 − a2 = b2 …(iv) y 2 = 12x and the hyperbola Ans. (b)
From Eqs. (ii) and (iv), we get 8x 2 − y 2 = 8. If S and S′ denotes the For the hyperbola
x2 y2
− = 1,
foci of the hyperbola where S lies on a2 b2
16 4 16 2
e − e = b2 …(v)
the positive X-axis then P divides b2
5 5 e = 1+
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get SS′ in a ratio [2019, 12 April Shift-I] a2
16 12 (a) 13 :11 ∴ For the given hyperbola,
− =1 (b) 14 : 13
16 2 b 2 sin2 θ
e e = 1+ >2
5 (c) 5 : 4 cos2 θ
(d) 2 : 1
5 12 (Qa 2 = cos2 θ and b 2 = sin2 θ)
⇒ − =1 Ans. (c)
e2 b2 ⇒ 1 + tan2 θ > 4
12 5 12 5 − e 2 Equation of given parabola y 2 = 12x … (i) ⇒ tan2 θ> 3
⇒ = 2 −1⇒ 2 =
b 2
e b e2 and hyperbola 8x 2 − y 2 = 8 … (ii) ⇒ tanθ∈ (− ∞, − 3) ∪ ( 3, ∞)
12e 2 Now, equation of tangent to parabola
⇒ b2 = [x 2 > 3 ⇒| x | > 3
…(vi) y 2 = 12x having slope ‘m’ is
5 − e2 ⇒ x ∈ (−∞, − 3) ∪ ( 3, ∞)]
3
y = mx + … (iii)
From Eqs. (v) and (vi), we get π
m But θ ∈ 0, ⇒tanθ∈ ( 3, ∞)
12e 2
and equation of tangent to hyperbola 2
16 e 4 − 16 e 2 = 5
5−e
2
x2 y2 π π
− = 1 having slope ‘m’ is ⇒ θ∈ ,
1 8 3 2
⇒ 16 (e 2 − 1)(5 − e 2 ) = 60
y = mx ± 12 m2 − 8 Now, length of latusrectum
⇒ 4(5 e 2 − e 4 − 5 + e 2 ) = 15 …(iv)
2b 2 sin2 θ
⇒ 4 e 4 − 24 e 2 + 35 = 0 Since, tangents (iii) and (iv) represent the = =2
same line a cosθ
301 If 5x + 9 = 0 is the directrix of the 2 = 2sinθ tanθ
3
∴ m2 − 8 = Since, both sinθ and tanθ are increasing
hyperbola 16x 2 − 9y 2 = 144, then its m π π
functions in ,
corresponding focus is ⇒ m4 − 8m2 − 9 = 0 3 2
[2019, 10 April Shift-II] ⇒ (m2 − 9) (m2 + 1) = 0 ∴ Least value of latus rectum is
5 ⇒ m = ± 3. π π π
(a) − , 0 (b) (− 5, 0) > 2 sin ⋅ tan = 2⋅ ⋅ 3 = 3 at θ =
3
3 Now, equation of common tangents to 3 3 2 3
5 the parabola (i) and hyperbola (ii) are and greatest value of latusrectum is< ∞
(c) , 0 (d) (5, 0)
3 y = 3x + 1 Hence, latusrectum length∈ (3, ∞).
340 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
304 A hyperbola has its centre at the y2 x2 ∴ According the problem,2b = 5 and
origin, passes through the point 306 Let S = (x, y) ∈R 2 : − = 1 , 2ae = 13
1+r 1−r Now, b 2 = a 2 (e 2 − 1)
(4, 2) and has transverse axis of
where r ≠ ± 1. Then, S represents ⇒
length 4 along the X-axis. Then the 2
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] 5
=a e −a
2 2 2
eccentricity of the hyperbola is
(a) a hyperbola whose eccentricity is 2
[2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
2 2
(a) 2 (b) , when0 < r < 1. ⇒
25 (2ae) 2
= − a2
3 1− r 4 4
3 (b) a hyperbola whose eccentricity is 25 169
(c) (d) 3 = − a2 [Q2ae = 13]
2 2 4 4
Ans. (b) , when0 < r < 1.
r+1 169 − 25 144
Equation of hyperbola is given by ⇒ a2 = = = 36
(c) an ellipse whose eccentricity is 4 4
x2 y2
− =1 2 ⇒ a =6
a2 b2 , when r > 1.
QLength of transverse axis = 2a = 4 r+1 Now,
13
∴ a=2 (d) an ellipse whose eccentricity is 2ae = 13 ⇒ 2 × 6 × e = 13 ⇒ e =
x2 y2 12
Thus, − 2 = 1 is the equation of 1
, when r > 1.
4 b r+1
hyperbola 308 If the vertices of a hyperbola be at
QIt passes through (4, 2). Ans. (c) (−2, 0) and (2,0) and one of its foci be
16 4 4 y2 x2
∴ − = 1 ⇒4 − 2 = 1 Given, S = (x, y) ∈ R 2 : − = 1 at (−3, 0), then which one of the
4 b2 b 1 + r 1 − r
4 2
following points does not lie on this
⇒ b 2 = ⇒b = y2 x2 hyperbola? [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
3 3 = (x, y) ∈ R :
2
+ = 1
Now, eccentricity, 1+ r r − 1 (a) (2 6 , 5) (b) (6, 5 2 )
4 y2 x2 (c) (4, 15 ) (d) (− 6, 2 10)
b2 1 2 For r > 1, + = 1, represents a
e = 1+ 2 = 1+ 3 = 1+ = 1+ r r − 1 Ans. (b)
a 4 3 3 vertical ellipse. The vertices of hyperbola are given as
[Qfor r > 1, r − 1 < r + 1 and r − 1 > 0] (± 2, 0) and one of its foci is at (− 3, 0).
305 The equation of a tangent to the r−1 ∴ (a, 0) = (2, 0) and (− ae, 0), = (− 3, 0)
Now, eccentricity (e) = 1 −
hyperbola 4x 2 − 5y 2 = 20 parallel to r+ 1 On comparing x-coordinates both sides,
the line x − y = 2 is x2 y2 a2 we get
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
Qfor a 2 + b 2 = 1, a < b, e = 1 − b 2 ⇒ a = 2 and − ae = − 3
(a) x − y − 3 = 0
(b) x − y + 9 = 0 (r + 1) − (r − 1) 3
= ⇒ 2e = 3 ⇒ e =
(c) x − y + 1 = 0 2
r+ 1
(d) x − y + 7 = 0 9 b2 b2
2 Also, = 1+ ⇒ b 2 = 5 Qe 2 = 1 + 2
Ans. (c) =
r+ 1 4 4 a
Given equation of hyperbola is So, equation of the hyperbola is
4x 2 − 5y 2 = 20 307 If a hyperbola has length of its x2 y2
which can be rewritten as − =1 … (i)
conjugate axis equal to 5 and the 4 5
x2 y2
⇒ − =1 distance between its foci is 13, then The point (6, 5 2) from the given options
5 4
the eccentricity of the hyperbola is does not satisfy the above equation of
The line x − y = 2 has slope, m = 1
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II]
∴ Slope of tangent parallel to this line = 1 hyperbol(a)
13
We know equation of tangent to (a) (b) 2
12 309 Tangents are drawn to the
x2 y2 13 13
hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1 having slope m is
a b (c) (d) hyperbola 4x 2 − y 2 = 36 at the
8 6
given by points P and Q. If these tangents
y = mx ± a 2 m2 − b 2 Ans. (a)
intersect at the pointT (0, 3), then
Here, a = 5, b = 4 and m = 1
2 2 x2 y2 the area (in sq units) of ∆PTQ is
We know that in − = 1, where
∴Required equation of tangent is a2 b2 [JEE Main 2018]
b 2 = a 2 (e 2 − 1), the length of conjugate
⇒ y = x ± 5−4 (a) 45 5 (b) 54 3
axis is 2b and distance between the foci
(c) 60 3 (d) 36 5
⇒ y = x ± 1 ⇒ x − y ± 1 =0 is 2ae.
Coordinate Geometry 341
Ans. (a) ⇒ (a 4 − 8)(a 4 − 1) = 0 Let equation of hyperbola be
Tangents are drawn to the hyperbola ⇒ a 4 = 8, a 4 = 1 x2 y2
4x 2 − y 2 = 36 at the point P and Q. ∴ a=1 − =1
a2 b2
Tangent intersects at pointT (0, 3) Now, equation of hyperbola is where, 2ae = 4 and e = 2 ⇒ a = 1
Y x2 y2
T (0, 3) − = 1. Q a2 e2 = a2 + b2 ⇒ 4 = 1 + b2
1 3
∴ b2 = 3
∴ Equation of tangent at ( 2, 3) is given
Thus, equation of hyperbola is
by x2 y2
X
O 3y − = 1 or 3x 2 − y 2 = 3
2x − =1 1 3
3
(–3√5, –12)Q P(3√5, –12) y
S(0, –12) ⇒ 2x − =1 313 For the hyperbola
3 x2 y2
Clearly, P Q is chord of contact. which passes through the point
− = 1, which of the
∴Equation of PQ is −3y = 36
cos2 α sin2 α
(2 2, 3 3).
⇒ y = − 12 following remains constant when α
Solving the curve4x 2 − y 2 = 36 and 311 The eccentricity of the hyperbola varies? [AIEEE 2007]
y = − 12 , whose length of the latusrectum is (a) Eccentricity
we get x = ± 3 5 equal to 8 and the length of its (b) Directrix
1 conjugate axis is equal to half of (c) Abscissae of vertices
Area of ∆PQT = × PQ × ST
2 (d) Abscissae of foci
the distance between its foci, is
1 Ans. (d)
= (6 5 × 15) [JEE Main 2016]
2 4 4 The given equation of hyperbola is
(a) (b)
= 45 5 3 3 x2 y2
− =1
(c)
2
(d) 3 cos α sin2 α
2
310 If a hyperbola passes through the 3 Here, a 2 = cos2 α and b 2 = sin2 α
point P ( 2, 3) and has foci at Ans. (c)
b2
(± 2, 0), then the tangent to this 2b 2 Now, e = 1+
We have, = 8 and 2b = ae ⇒b 2 = 4a a2
hyperbola at P also passes through a
the point [JEE Main 2017] and 2b = ae sin2 α
⇒ e = 1+
(a) (3 2, 2 3) Consider,2b = ae ⇒ 4b 2 = a 2 e 2 cos2 α
⇒ 4a 2 (e 2 − 1) = a 2 e 2
(b) (2 2, 3 3) = 1 + tan2 α
⇒ 4e 2 − 4 = e 2 [Qa ≠ 0]
(c) ( 3, 2) 2 ⇒ e = sec α
⇒ 3e =4 ⇒ e =
2
[Q e > 0]
(d) (− 2, − 3) 3 Coordinates of foci are (± ae, 0) i.e.,
(±1, 0).
Ans. (b)
312 The equation of the hyperbola Hence, abscissae of foci remains
Let the equation of hyperbola be constant whenα varies.
x2 y2 whose foci are (− 2, 0) and (2, 0) and
− = 1. eccentricity is 2, is given by
a2 b2 314 The locus of a point P (α, β) moving
[AIEEE 2011]
∴ ae = 2 under the condition that the line
(a) − 3x + y = 3
2 2
⇒ a2 e2 = 4 y = α x + β is a tangent to the
(b) x 2 − 3y 2 = 3
⇒ a2 + b2 = 4 x2 y2
(c) 3x 2 − y 2 = 3 hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1, is
⇒ b2 = 4 − a2
(d) − x 2 + 3y 2 = 3 a b
x2 y2 [AIEEE 2005]
∴ − =1 Ans. (c) (a) a hyperbola
a2 4 − a2
(b) a parabola
Y
Since, ( 2, 3) lie on hyperbol(a) (c) a circle
2 3 (d) an ellipse
∴ − =1
a2 4 − a2 Ans. (a)
⇒ 8 − 2a 2 − 3a 2 = a 2 (4 − a 2 ) X′ X
(–2, 0) O (2, 0) Since, the line y = αx + β is tangent to the
⇒ 8 − 5a 2 = 4a 2 − a 4
x2 y2
⇒ a − 9a 2 + 8 = 0
4
hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1.
Y′ a b
342 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
∴ β 2 = a 2 α 2 − b 2 .. b ′2 316 The equation of the chord joining
∴ Eccentricity, e ′2 = 1 +
a ′2 two points (x 1 , y 1 ) and (x 2 , y 2 ) on the
So, locus of (α, β) is
9 25 rectangular hyperbola xy = c 2 is
y2 = a2 x2 − b2 ⇒ e′2 = 1 + =
16 16 x y
⇒ a x − y −b =0
2 2 2 2
5 (a) + =1 [AIEEE 2002]
∴ e′= x1 + x2 y1 + y2
Since, this equation represents a 4 x y
hyperbola, so locus of a point P(α, β) is a (b) + =1
hyperbol(a)
The foci of a hyperbola are x1 − x2 y1 − y2
12 5 x y
(± a ′ e ′, 0) = ± × , 0 + =1
x2 y2 5 4
(c)
315 The foci of the ellipse + =1 y1 + y2 x1 + x2
16 b2 = (± 3, 0) x y
x2 y2 1 (d) + =1
and the hyperbola − = Given equation of ellipse is y1 − y2 x1 − x2
144 81 25 x2 y2 Ans. (a)
+ =1
coincide. Then, the value of b2 is 16 b 2 The mid-point of the chord is
[AIEEE 2003]
Foci of an ellipse are (± ae, 0) = (± 4 e, 0) x1 + x2 y1 + y2
(a) 1 , .
but given focus of ellipse and hyperbola 2 2
(b) 5
coincide, then The equation of the chordT = S 1 .
(c) 7
(d) 9 4e = 3 y + y2 x1 + x2
∴ x 1 +y
Ans. (c) ⇒ e=
3 2 2
4 x + x2 y1 + y2
Given equation of hyperbola can be =2 1
rewritten as Also, b 2 = a 2 (1 − e 2 ) 2 2
⇒ x ( y 1 + y 2 ) + y (x 1 + x 2 )
x2 y2 = 16 1 −
9
− =1
2 2 16 = (x 1 + x 2 )( y 1 + y 2 )
12 9
x y
5 5 = 169 − 9 = 7 ⇒ + =1
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
Three-Dimensional Geometry 343
13
Three-Dimensional
Geometry
TOPIC 1 or
l m
= =
n
⇒(l , m, n) = (1, − 2, − 2) ⇒ lm = 0
1 −2 −2
System of Coordinates, When
⇒ l = 0 or m = 0
Direction Cosines, Case I When l = 0
l = − 2m
Direction Ratios ⇒ 0 + m− n=0
From Eq. (iii),
⇒ m= n
n = − 2m
and l 2 + m2 + n2 = 1
01 The angle between the straight ⇒ l = − 2m = n
l m n ⇒ m2 + m2 = 1 [Qn = m and l = 0]
lines, whose direction cosines are ⇒ = = 1
given by the equations −2 1 −2 ⇒ m2 =
2
2l + 2m − n = 0 and mn + nl + lm = 0, ⇒ (l , m, n) = (− 2, 1, − 2)
1
is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II] ∴ Angles between straight lines ∴ m= ± =n
2
π 4 ($i –2$j − 2k$) (−2$i + $j –2k$)
(a) (b) π − cos− 1 cosθ = 1 1 − 1 − 1
2 9 $i –2$j − 2k$ − 2 $i + $j − 2k$ ∴ (l , m, n) = 0, , or 0, ,
2 2 2 2
8 π
(c) cos− 1 (d) −2 − 2 + 4 π Case II When m = 0
9 3 cosθ = =0 ⇒ θ=
9 2 then,l + m − n = 0
Ans. (a) ⇒ l=n
Given, 02 Let α be the angle between the and l 2 + m2 + n2 = 1
2l + 2m − n = 0 … (i) lines whose direction cosines ⇒ l2 + 0 + l2 = 1 [Qn = l and m = 0]
mn + nl + lm = 0 …(ii) satisfy the equations l + m − n = 0 1
⇒ l=±
From Eq. (i), we get and l 2 + m2 − n2 = 0. Then, the 2
n = 2l + 2m …(iii) value of sin 4 α + cos 4 α is 1 1 −1 − 1
∴ (l , m, n) = , 0, or , 0,
Substituting, n = 2l + 2m in Eq. (ii), [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] 2 2 2 2
we have 3 3 5 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1 1 1 1
m(2l + 2m) + l (2l + 2m) + lm = 0 4 8 8 2 ⇒ a = 0, , and b = , 0,
2 2 2 2
⇒ 2lm + 2m2 + 2l 2 + 2lm + lm = 0 Ans. (c) a ⋅b 1
⇒ 2l 2 + 4lm + lm + 2m2 = 0 Then cosα = =
Given,l + m − n = 0 … (i) | a | |b | 2
⇒ 2l (l + 2m) + m(l + 2m) = 0 and l 2 + m2 − n2 = 0 … (ii)
⇒ (2l + m) (l + 2m) = 0 3
On squaring Eq. (i), we get ∴sinα = ±
When 2
(l + m) 2 = n2 1 9 10 5
2l = − m ⇒ l + m2 + 2lm = n2
2
… (iii) Now, cos4 α + sin4 α = + = =
16 16 16 8
From Eq (iii), From Eqs. (ii) and (iii),
n= m l 2 + m2 − n2 = 0
2l m n 03 The projection of the line segment
⇒ = = l + m2 + 2lm = n2
2
joining the points (1, − 1, 3) and
−1 1 1
− − − − (2, − 4, 11) on the line joining the
l m n
⇒ = = − n2 − 2lm = − n2
−1 / 2 1 1 points (−1, 2, 3) and (3, − 2, 10) is……… .
⇒ 2lm = 0 [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
344 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (8) Ans. (c) 07 A line AB in three-dimensional
Given points A(1, − 1, 3), B(2, − 4, 11), The given vertices of tetrahedron PQRO space makes angles 45° and 120°
C (− 1, 2, 3) and D(3, − 2, 10), then are P(1, 2, 1), Q (2, 1, 3), R (−1, 1, 2) and with the positive X-axis and the
AB = i$ − 3 $j + 8k$ O (0, 0, 0).
positive Y-axis, respectively. If AB
The normal vector to the face OPQ
and CD = 4i$ − 4$j + 7 k$ makes an acute angle θ with the
= OP × OQ
So, the length of projection of line positive Z-axis, then θ is equal to
= ($i + 2$i + k$ ) × (2$i + $j + 3k$ ) [AIEEE 2010]
segment vector AB on the line vector
joining pointsC and D is $i $j k$ (a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 75°
| AB ⋅CD | = 1 2 1 = 5$i − $j − 3k$
= Ans. (c)
| CD | 2 1 3 We know that,
4 + 12 + 56 72 72 cos2 45°+ cos2 120 °+ cos2 θ = 1
= = = =8
16 + 16 + 49 81 9 and the normal vector to the face PQR 1 1 1
= PQ × PR ⇒ + + cos2 θ = 1 ⇒ cos2 θ =
Hence, answer is 8. 2 4 4
= ($i − $j + 2 k$ ) × (−2$i − $j + k$ ) 1
⇒ cosθ = ±
04 If the variance of the terms in an $i $j k$ 2
increasing AP, b 1 , b2 , b3 , ……, b 11 is = 1 −1 2 ∴ θ = 60 ° or 120°
90, then the common difference of −2 − 1 1
this AP is ……… . 08 The projections of a vector on the
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II] = $i (− 1 + 2) − $j (1 + 4) + k$ (− 1 − 2) three coordinate axes are 6, − 3 and
Ans. (3.00) = $i − 5$j − 3k$ 2, respectively. The direction
Let the AP isa, a + d, a + 2d, ...,a + 10 d. Now, the angle between the faces OPQ
cosines of the vector are
6 3 2
According to the question, and PQR is the angle between their (a) 6, − 3, 2 (b) ,− ,
a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ....+ (a + 10d)
2 2 2 2 5 5 5
Var = normals
6 3 2 6 3 2
11 5+ 5+9 (c) ,− , (d) − , − ,
= cos− 1
2
a + (a + d) + ....+ (a + 10d) 7 7 7 7 7 7
− 25 + 1 + 9 1 + 25 + 9 [AIEEE 2009]
11 Ans. (c)
= cos− 1 19
11a + d (1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 10 )
2 2 2 2 2 2
35 Projection of a vector on coordinate
+ 2ad (1 + 2 + K + 10) axes are
=
11 06 The angle between the lines whose x2 − x1, y2 − y1, z 2 − z 1
2
11a + d (1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 10) direction cosines satisfy the ⇒ x 2 − x 1 = 6, y 2 − y 1 = − 3, z 2 − z 1 = 2
−
11 equation l + m + n = 0 and Now, (x 2 − x 1 ) 2 + (y 2 − y 1 ) 2 + (z 2 − z 1 ) 2
10 × 11 × 21 10 × 11 l 2 = m2 + n2 is
11a 2 + d 2 + 2ad [JEE Main 2014]
6 2 π π = 36 + 9 + 4 = 7
= (a) (b)
11 6 3 2
11a + 10 × 11 d
2 3 4 So, the DC’s of the vector are , − and ⋅
π π 7 7 7
2 (c) (d)
− 6 2 π
11 09 If a line makes an angle of with
Use formula
4
a 1a 2 + b 1b 2 + c 1 c 2
= a 2 + 35d 2 + 10ad − a 2 − 25d 2 − 10ad cosθ = the positive directions of each of
a 12 + b 12 + c 12 a 22 + b 22 + c 22
= 10d 2 X-axis and Y-axis, then the angle
Q Var = 90 [given] Ans. (a) that the line makes with the
∴ 10d 2 = 90 Given, l + m+ n=0 positive direction of the Z-axis is
⇒ d = ±3 ⇒ l = − (m + n) [AIEEE 2007]
π π π π
Q AP is an increasing AP, sod = 3. ⇒ (m + n) 2 = l 2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
6 3 4 2
Hence, answer is 3.00. ⇒ m2 + n2 + 2mn = m2 + n2
[Ql 2 = m2 + n2 , given] Ans. (d)
05 A tetrahedron has vertices P (1, 2, 1), ⇒ 2mn = 0 π
Since, a line makes an angle of with
Q(2, 1, 3), R(− 1, 1, 2) and O(0, 0, 0). The 4
Case I When m = 0, thenl = − n positive directions of each of X-axis and
angle between faces OPQ and PQR is Hence, (l , m, n) is (1, 0, − 1). Y-axis, therefore
[2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I]
π π
7 9 Case II When n = 0, thenl = − m α= , β=
(a) cos−1 (b) cos−1 4 4
31 35 Hence, (l , m, n) is (1, − 1, 0). We know that,
19
−1 17
−1 1+ 0+ 0 1 π
(c) cos (d) cos ∴ cosθ = = ⇒ θ= cos2 α + cos2 β + cos2 γ = 1
35 31 2× 2 2 3
Three-Dimensional Geometry 345
π π 1 4 2 1 Shortest distance will be the projection of
∴ cos2 + cos2 + cos2 γ = 1 2 + + − 1 − + 1 (6 − 0)
4 4 3 3 3 3 (a − b) along (r1 × r2 ).
1 1 PR =
⇒ + + cos2 γ = 1 1 4 (r × r )
+ +1 or (a − b). 1 2
2 2 9 9 |r1 × r2 |
π
⇒ cos2 γ = 0 ∴ γ = 14 $i $j k$
2 =4
9
r1 × r2 = 2 1 3 = − 2$i − 5$j + 3k$
10 A line makes the same angle θ with OR = PQ − PR
2 2 2
1 2 4
each of the X and Z-axes. If the 100 16 224
= + + 36 −
angle β, which it makes with Y-axis, 9 9 9 ∴ |r1 × r2 | = |−2$i − 5$j + 3k$ |
is such that sin2 β = 3 sin2 θ, then 100 16 224
= + + 36 − = 4 + 25 + 9 = 38
cos2 θ is equal to [AIEEE 2004] 9 9 9
(a) 2/3 (b) 1/5 (c) 3/5 (d) 2/5 Now, (a − b) = ($i + 2$j + k$) − (2$i + λ$j + 3k$)
QR = 24 = 2 6
Ans. (c) = − $i + (2 − λ) $j − 2k$
x−k
y −2 z −3 (r1 × r2 )
A line makes angleθ with X-axis and 12 If the lines = = and ∴ (a − b).
Z-axis and β with Y-axis. 1 2 3 |r1 × r2 |
∴ l = cos θ, m = cos β, n = cos θ x +1 y +2 z +3
= = are co-planar, (− i + (2 − λ) $j − 2k$) ⋅ (−2$i − 5$j + 3k$)
$
Q l 2 + m2 + n2 = 1 3 2 1 =
38
∴ cos2 θ + cos2 β + cos2 θ = 1 then the value of k is ……… .
2 + 5λ − 10 − 6 5λ − 14
⇒ 2 cos2 θ = 1 − cos2 β [2021, 25 July Shift-II] = =
38 38
⇒ 2 cos2 θ = sin2 β …(i) Ans. (1)
14 1
But it is given that, Given lines, ⇒ 5λ − = ⇒ λ =3
sin2 β = 3 sin2 θ …(ii) x − k y−2 z −3 38 38
= =
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 1 2 3
3 sin2 θ = 2 cos2 θ x+ 1 y+2 z+3 14 If the shortest distance between the
and = =
⇒ 3 (1 − cos2 θ) = 2 cos2 θ 3 2 1 lines r1 = α $i + 2$j + 2k$ + λ (i$ − 2$j + 2k$ ),
⇒ 3 = 5 cos2 θ are coplanar. λ ∈R, α > 0 and
3 k+ 1 4 6 r2 = − 4i$ − k$ + µ (3i$ − 2$j − 2k$ ), µ ∈R is
∴ cos θ =
2
5 So, 1 2 3 =0
9, then α is equal to ……… .
3 2 1 [2021, 20 July Shift-I]
TOPIC 2 ⇒(k + 1) (2 − 6) − 4 (1 − 9) + 6(2 − 6) = 0 Ans. (6)
Lines ⇒ − 4k − 4 + 32 − 24 = 0 r1 = (α $i + 2$j + 2k$) + λ( $i − 2$j + 2k$), α > 0
⇒ − 4k + 4 = 0
r = (− 4$i − k$) + µ(3$i − 2$j − 2k$)
11 The distance of line 3y − 2 z − 1 = 0 ⇒ k=1 2
Common normal = n1 × n2
= 3x − z + 4 from the piont (2, − 1, 6) is
[2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II]
13 If the shortest distance between $i $j k$
(a) 26 (b) 2 5
the straight lines 1 − 2 2 = 8$i + 8$j + 4k$
3(x − 1) = 6(y − 2) = 2(z − 1) and 3 −2 −2
(c) 2 6 (d) 4 2
Ans. (c)
4(x − 2) = 2(y − λ ) = (z − `3), λ ∈R is
1 Shortest distance will be the projection
Equation of line , then the integral value of λ is of vector joining (α $i + 2$j + 2k$) and
38
3y − 2z − 1 = 0 = 3x − z + 4 (− 4i$ − k$) along (8$i + 8$j + 4k$)
3y − 1 z − 0 3x + 4 equal to [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
⇒ = = Vector = (α + 4) $i + 2$j + 3k$
2 1 1 (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) −1
(8$i + 8$j + 4k$)
x+
4
y−
1 Ans. (a) d = [(α + 4) $i + 2$j + 3k$] ⋅
3= 3 = z −0 L1 ⇒ 3(x −1) = 6(y − 2) = 2(z −1) 4⋅ 3
⇒
1 /3 2 /3 1 L2 ⇒ 4(x − 2) = 2(y − λ) = (z − 3) ⇒ 3 × 9 = (2α + 8 + 4 + 3)
x −1 y −2 z −1 ⇒ 27 = 2α + 15
Q (2,–1,6) L1 ⇒ = =
2 1 3 ∴ α =6
L ⇒ r = ($i + 2$j + k$) + p(2$i + $j + 3k$)
1
θ
15 The lines x = ay − 1 = z − 2 and
P L ⇒r = a + pr1
_
4 , 1, R i , 2^
^ j ^ x − 2 y − λ z −3 x = 3y − 2 = bz − 2, (ab ≠ 0) are
+k Similarly,L2 ⇒ = =
3 3 0 3 3 1 2 4 coplanar, if [2021, 20 July Shift-II]
PQ⋅P PQ⋅PQ $ $ $
L2 ⇒ r = (2 i + λ j + 3k) + q ( i + 2 j + 4k$)
$ $ (a) b = 1, a ∈ R − {0 } (b) a = 1, b ∈ R − {0 }
PR =|PQ | cosθ = |PQ| =
|PQ| |P| |PR| (c) a = 2, b = 2 (d) a = 2, b = 3
⇒ r = b + qr2
346 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (a) P = (3$i − $j + 2k$) and Q = ($i + 2$j − 4k$) Ans. (b)
x −a y −2 z −b
Given lines are VPR = (4, − 1, 2) and VQS (− 2 , 1, − 2) L1 ⇒ = =
x = ay − 1 = z − 2 and x = 3y − 2 = bz − 2 Equation of line l 3 4
x+ 1 y z−1 x+2 y z PR = (3$i − $j + 2k$) + λ (4$i − $j + 2k$) Foot of perpendicular from A(4, 3, 8) to L1
or = = and = =
a 1 a 3 1 3 /b is B(3, 5, 7).
Equation of line
AB = OB − OA
Now, lines are coplanar if QS = ($i + 2$j − 4k$) + µ (− 2$i + $j − 2k$)
a 1 a = (3$i + 5$j + 7k$) − (4$i + 3$j + 8k$)
3 LetT be the point of intersection.
3 1 =0 = − $i + 2$j − k$
b T = (3 + 4λ, − 1 − λ, 2 + 2λ)
−1 0 −1 T = (1 − 2µ , 2 + µ , − 4 − 2µ ) Now, AB is perpendicular to direction
3 + 4λ = 1 − 2µ cosine of L1 ,
⇒a (− 1) − 1(− 3 + 3 /b) + a(1) = 0
3 ⇒ λ + 2µ = − 1 … (i) So, (− $i + 2$j − k$) ⋅ (l $i + 3$j + 4k$) = 0
⇒ −a + 3− + a =0
b − 1− λ =2+ µ ⇒ −l + 6−4=0 ⇒ l =2
3 ⇒ λ + µ = −3 … (ii) As, (3, 5, 7) lies onL1 ,
⇒ 3 = or b = 1 3−a 5−2 7 −b
b From Eqs. (i) and (ii), = =
Again, lines can be written as, − 3 − µ + 2µ = − 1 2 3 4
1 2 2 µ = 2 and λ = − 5 3−a =2
y− y− z−
x a z −2 x 3 b T = [3 + 4(− 5)] − 1 − (− 5), So, a = 1, 7 − b = 4
= = and = =
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 + 2(− 5) = (11, − 3, 6) So, b =3
a 3 b Now, DC ofTA will be VPR × VQS x − 1 y −2 z −3
L1 ⇒ = =
Lines will be coplanar, if $i $j k$ 2 3 4
1 2 2 − 2 1 − 2 = 0 $i − 4$j − 2 k$ x −2 y −4 z − 5
0 − 2− and L2 = = =
a 3 b 3 4 5
4 −1 2
1 ∴Shortest distance will be along
1 1 =0
a L TA ⇒ (11$i − 3$j + 6 k$) + x (− 4$j − 2 k$) common normal.
1 1 $i $j k$
1 Let A = (11, − 3 − 4x, 6 − 2x)
3 b
TA = 5 So, common normal = 2 3 4
− = 0 ⇒ − 1 = 0
1 1 1 1
⇒ ⇒ (11 − 11) + (− 3 − 4x + 3) + (6 − 2x − 6)
2 2 2 3 4 5
ab a a b
⇒ a ∈ R − {0 } and b = 1 = 5 ⇒ n = − $i + 2$j − k$
⇒ (4x) + (2x) = 5
2 2
1
⇒ n= (− $i + 2$j − k$)
16 Let the position vectors of two ⇒ 20 x 2 = 5 6
points P and Q be 3$i − $j + 2k$ and ⇒ x 2 = 1 /4 Shortest distance will be the projection
$i + 2$j − 4k$ , respectively. Let R and S ⇒ x = ± 1 /2 of (2 − 1) $i + (4 − 2) $j + (5 − 3)k$ or $i + 2$j + 2k$
A ⇒ [11, − 3 − 4(1 /2), 6 − 2(1 /2)] $
along n.
be two points such that the A ⇒ (11, − 5, 5)
(− $i + 2$j – k$)
direction ratios of lines PR and QS OR ⇒ ($i + 2$j + 2k$)
6
are (4, −1, 2) and (−2, 1, −2), A ⇒ [11, − 3 + 4(1 /2), 6 + 2(1 /2)]
− 1+ 4−2 1
respectively. Let lines PR and A ⇒ (11, − 1, 7) = =
6 6
QS intersect atT. If the vector TA ∴ | A | = 112 + 52 + 52 or
is perpendicular to both PR and QS ⇒ | A | = 112 + 12 + 7 2 18 A line ‘ l ’ passing through origin is
and the length of vector TA is 5 perpendicular to the lines
⇒ | A | = 171 or 171
units, then the modulus of a ∴ | A | = 171 l 1 : r = (3 + t) i$ + (−1 + 2t) $j + (4 + 2t)k$
position vector of A is
l : r (3 + 2s) i$ + (3 + 2s) $j + (2 + s)k$
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] 17 If the foot of the perpendicular 2
(a) 482 (b) 171 from point (4, 3, 8) on the line If the coordinates of the point in
(c) 5 (d) 227 x −a y − 2 z −b the first octant on ‘ l 2 ’ at a
L1 ⇒ = = , l ≠ 0 is
Ans. (b) l 3 4 distance of 17 from the point of
A (x, y, z) (3, 5, 7), then the shortest distance intersection of ‘ l ’ and ‘ l 1 ’ are
P S between the line L 1 and line (a, b, c), then 18 (a + b + c) is equal to
√5 x −2 y −4 z − 5 ………… . [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
L2 ⇒ = = is equal to
3 4 5 Ans. (44)
T x − 3 y − 3 z −4
[2021, 16 March Shift-II] Let L1 ⇒ = = = u (say)
1 1 2 1 1 2 2
Q R (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 6 3 3 ⇒Direction ratios of L1 = 1, 2, 2
Three-Dimensional Geometry 347
x −3 y − 3 z − 2 2(2λ + 1) + 3(3λ − 2) − 2(− 2λ − 1) = 0 2
(λ = is not possible as λ is an integer)
L2 ⇒ = = = v (say)
2 2 1 ⇒ 4λ + 2 + 9λ − 6 + 4λ + 2 = 0 5
Direction ratios of L2 = 2, 2, 1 ⇒ 17 λ = 2 ∴ λ=−1
Line L passing through origin is λ = 2 / 17 Hence, | λ | = | − 1 | = 1
perpendicular toL1 and L2 . ∴Direction ratio of required line
Hence, direction ratios ofL is parallel to d 2 = (21, − 28, − 21) = (3, − 4, − 3) = (− 3, 4, 3) 21 Let a, b ∈R. If the mirror image of
(L1 × L2 ). This line passes through A(0, 1, 2). the point P(a, 6, 9) with respect to
⇒ (−2, 3, − 2) ∴Required equation of line the line
x y z x −0 y − 1 z −2
Equation of L ⇒ = = ⇒ = = x −3 y −2 z −1
2 −3 2 −3 4 3 = = is (20, b, − a − 9),
Solve L and L1 , we get
7 5 −9
(2λ, − 3λ, 2λ) = (µ + 3, 2µ − 1, 2µ + 4) 20 Let λ be an integer. If the shortest then | a + b | is equal to
Gives, λ = 1, µ = − 1 distance between the lines [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
So, intersection point P(2, − 3, 2). x − λ = 2y − 1 = − 2z and (a) 88 (b) 86 (c) 84 (d) 90
Let Q (2v + 3, 2v + 3, v + 2) be required 7 Ans. (a)
point on L2 .
x = y + 2λ = z − λ is ,then the
2 2 Given, P (a, 6, 9)
Now, PQ = 17 (given) x −3 y −2 z − 1
value of | λ | is ……… . Equation of line = =
PQ = (2v + 1) 2 + (2v + 6) 2 + (v) 2 = 17 [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] 7 5 −9
⇒(2v + 1) 2 + (2v + 6) 2 + v 2 = 17 Ans. (1) Image of point P with respect to line
(squaring on both sides) Q (20, b, − a − 9)
Given, equation of line
⇒ 9v 2 + 28v + 20 = 0 ⇒ x − λ = 2y − 1 = − 2z
Mid-point of P and
−10 x − λ y − 1 /2 a + 20 6 + b − a
On solving, we getv = −2 (rejected), ⇒ = =
z Q = , ,
9 1 1 2 2 2
1 −
(accepted) 2 2 This point lies on line
7 7 8 x − λ y − 1 /2 z a + 20 6+b −a
∴ Q is , , or = = … (i) −3 −2 −1
9 9 9 2 1 −1 ∴ 2 = 2 = 2
7 7 8 7 5 −9
∴18(a + b + c) = 18 + + = 44 Point on this line through which it passes a + 14 b + 2 a + 2
9 9 9 1 ⇒ = =
is λ, , 0 . 14 10 18
2
a + 14 a + 2 b+2 a+2
19 The equation of the line through Equation of another line ⇒ = and =
14 18 10 18
the point (0,1,2) and perpendicular ⇒ x = y + 2λ = z − λ Solving, we get a = − 56, b = −32
to the line x y − (− 2λ) z − λ
⇒ = = … (ii) ∴ | a + b | = | − 56 − 32 | = 88
x −1 y +1 z −1 1 1 1
= = is
2 3 −2 A point through which this line passes is 22 If (a, b, c) is the image of the point
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] (0, − 2λ, λ).
x +1 y −3 z
x y −1 z −2 Now, distance between two skew lines (1, 2, − 3) in the line = = ,
(a) = = [(a − a 1 ) ⋅ b1 b2 ] 2 −2 −1
3 4 3 = 2
x y −1 z −2 | b1 × b2 | then a + b + c is equal to
(b) = = [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
3 −4 3 1
x y −1 z −2 λ + 2λ − λ (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) −1 (d) 1
(c) = = 2
3 4 −3 2 1 −1 Ans. (b)
x y −1 z −2 3 As, P (a, b, c) is the image of the point
(d) = = 1 1 1 − 5λ −
−3 4 3 = =
2 Q (1, 2, − 3) in the line,
Ans. (d) $i $j k$ 14 x + 1 y −3 z
= = …(i)
x−1 y+ 1 z−1 2 1 −1 2 −2 −1
Given, line ⇒ = = = λ (let)
2 3 −2 1 1 1 So, the mid-point of Pand Q lies in the line,
a+1 b+2 c −3
Any point on this line is +1 −3
B(2λ + 1, 3λ − 1, − 2λ + 1) and direction According to the question, 2 = 2 = 2
− 5λ −
3 2 −2 −1
ratios of this line = (2, 3, − 2) = d 1
2 7 a + 3 b −4 c −3
Let given point be A(0, 1, 2). = ⇒ = =
14 2 2 4 −4 −2
Then direction ratio of a + 3 b −4 c −3
⇒ | 10 λ + 3 | = 7 ⇒ = = = k (let)
AB = (2λ + 1, 3λ − 2, − 2λ − 1) = d 2
⇒ 10 λ + 3 = ± 7 −2 2 1
QBoth lines are perpendicular to each
other. ⇒ 10 λ = 4, − 10 ⇒ a = − 2k − 3,
∴ d 1 ⋅d 2 = 0 ∴
2
λ = and λ = − 1 b = 2k + 4 and c = k + 3 …(ii)
5
348 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Qdr’s of line segment PQ is , , and 2l + 1 = m + 2
As the line PQ is perpendicular to line (i) 2 7 8 So, … (i)
∴ 2(a − 1) − 2(b − 2) − 1(c + 3) = 0 3 3 3 − 1=− 1+ m … (ii)
⇒ 2a − 2b − c = 1 5 14 14 and l=−m … (iii)
...(iii) dr’s of line AQ is α − , , −
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get 3 3 3 From Eq. (ii), m = 0 and from Eq. (iii),l = 0
−4k − 6 − 4k − 8 − k − 3 = 1 2 5 7 14 8 14 which (l , m) = (0, 0), not satisfy the Eq. (i).
∴ α − + + − = 0
⇒ 9k = − 18 ⇒ k = −2 3 3 3 3 3 3 So, lines do not intersect for any value ofl
and m. Hence, option (a) is correct.
∴ a + b + c = k + 4 = −2 + 4 = 2 ⇒ (3α − 5) + 49 − 56 = 0
⇒ 3α − 5 − 7 = 0 ⇒ α = 4 27 The length of the perpendicular
23 If for some α ∈R, the lines
25 The shortest distance between the from the point (2, − 1, 4) on the
x +1 y −2 z −1 x −3 y −8 z −3 x +3 y − 2 z
L1 : = = and lines = = and straight line, = = is
2 −1 1 3 −1 1 10 −7 1
x +2 y +1 z +1 x +3 y + 7 z −6
L2 : = = are coplanar, = = is
[2019, 8 April Shift-I]
α 5−α 1 −3 2 4 (a) greater than 3 but less than 4.
then the line L2 passes through the [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] (b) less than 2.
point [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] 7 (c) greater than 2 but less than 3.
(a) 3 30 (b) 2 30 (c) 30 (d) 3
2 (d) greater than 4.
(a) (10, 2, 2) (b) (2, −10, −2)
(c) (10, −2, −2) (d) (−2, 10, 2) Ans. (a) Ans. (a)
Ans. (b) The shortest distance between the lines Equation of given line is
x + 1 y –2 z – 1 x −3 y − 8 z −3 x + 3 y −2 z
It is given that linesL1 : = = = = = = = r (let) …(i)
2 –1 1 3 −1 1 10 −7 1
x+2 y+ 1 z+ 1 x + 3 y + 7 z −6 Coordinates of a point on line (i) is
andL2 : = = are coplanar, so and = =
α 5 –α 1 −3 2 4 A (10 r − 3, − 7 r + 2, r)
–2 + 1 –1 –2 –1 – 1 (which are not parallel to each other) is Now, let the line joining the points
3 + 3 8 − (−7) 3 − 6 P(2, − 1, 4) and A (10 r − 3, − 7 r + 2, r) is
α 5 –α 1 =0 3 −1 1 perpendicular to line (i).
2 –1 1
−3 2 4 Then, PA ⋅ (10 $i − 7 $j + k$ ) = 0
–1 –3 –2 d=
[Qvector along line (i) is (10 $i − 7 $j + k$ )]
(3 × 2 − (−1)(−3)) 2 + ((−1) × 4 − 1(2)) 2
⇒ α 5 –α 1 = 0 ⇒ [(10 r − 5) $i + (−7 r + 3) $j + (r − 4) k$ ]
+ (1(−3) − 4(3)) 2
2 –1 1 ⋅[10 $i − 7 $j + k$ ] = 0
6 15 −3 ⇒ 10 (10 r − 5) − 7 (3 − 7 r) + (r − 4) = 0
⇒ −1(5 –α + 1) + 3(α –2) –2(–α – 10 + 2α) = 0 3 −1 1
⇒ 2α + 8 = 0 ⇒ α = –4 ⇒ 100 r − 50 − 21 + 49r + r − 4 = 0
−3 2 4
x+2 y+ 1 z+ 1 1
∴Equation of line L2 : = = = ⇒ 150 r = 75 ⇒ r =
2
–4 9 1 (6 − 3) 2 + (−4 − 2) 2 + (−3 − 12) 2
Now, from the options the point (2,–10,–2) So, the foot of perpendicular is
|6(−4 − 2) − 15(12 + 3) − 3(6 − 3)| 3 1
satisfy the lineL2 . = A 2, − ,
9 + 36 + 225 2 2
24 If the foot of the perpendicular |−36 − 225 − 9 | 270 1
[put r = in the coordinates of point A]
= = = 270 = 3 30
drawn from the point (1, 0, 3) on a 270 270 2
line passing through (α, 7, 1) is Hence, option (a) is correct. Now, perpendicular distance of point
5 7 17 P(2, − 1, 4) from the line (i) is
, , , then α is equal to … . 26 The lines r = ($i − $j) + l (2$i + k$ ) 3 1
2 2
3 3 3 PA = (2 − 2) 2 + − + 1 + − 4
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
and r = (2$i − $j) + m (i$ + $j − k$ ) 2 2
Ans. (04)
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I] 1 49 50 5
5 7 17 = + = =
It is given that point Q , , is foot (a) do not intersect for any values of l 4 4 4 2
3 3 3
and m. which lies in (3, 4).
of perpendicular of point P(1, 0, 3) to a line
(b) intersect for all values of l and m.
passes through point A(α, 7, 1), so PQ ⊥ AQ .
1 28 The vertices B and C of a ∆ABC lie
P(1, 0, 3) (c) intersect when l = 2 and m = .
2 x +2 y −1 z
(d) intersect when l = 1 and m = 2. on the line, = = such
3 0 4
Ans. (a) that BC = 5 units. Then, the area (in
Given lines r = $i − $j + l (2$i + k$ ) sq units) of this triangle, given that
A(α, 7, 1) and r = (2$i − $j) + m ($i + $j − k$ ), if intersects point A(1, − 1, 2) is [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
Line
Then, (a) 34 (b) 2 34
(
5 7 17
Q 3,3, 3 ) ($i − $j) + l (2$i + k$ ) = (2$i − $j) + m ($i + $j − k$ ) (c) 5 17 (d) 6
Three-Dimensional Geometry 349
Ans. (a) 1 68 Now, one of the point on line is P(0, 1, − 1)
∴Coordinates of D = , 1, .
x+2 y−1 z 25 25 and the given point is Q (β, 0, β).
Given line is = =
3 0 4 Now, Q(β,0, β)
Vector along line is, a = 3$i + 4k
$ 2 2
1 68
AD = 1 − + (−1 − 1) 2 + 2 −
and vector joining the points (1, − 1, 2) to 25 25
l
(−2, 1, 0) is 24
2
−18
2
= + (−2) 2 +
b = (1 + 2) i$ + (−1 − 1) $j + (2 − 0) k
$ 25 25 M x y–1 z+1
P(0, 1, –1) = =
576 324 2 1 0 –1
= 3$j − 2$j + 2k
$ = + 4+ = 34
625 625 5 From the figure, the length of the
and | BC| = 5 units
1 perpendicular
Now area of required ∆ABC ∴ Area of ∆ABC = BC × AD
2 3
1
= | BC | | b | | sinθ| …(ii) QM = l = (given)
1 2 2
2 = ×5× 34
2 5 PQ × PM 3
[where θ is angle between vectors a and ⇒ =
b] = 34 sq units PM 2
| a × b|
Q | b | sinθ = , Q PQ = βi − $j + (β + 1) k
$ $
|a| 29 If a point R (4, y, z) lies on the line
and PM = a vector along given line (i)
i$ $j k $ segment joining the points
= $i − k
$
Q | a × b | = 3 0 4 = 8$i + 6$j − 6k
$ P (2, − 3, 4) and Q(8, 0, 10), then the
$i $j $
k
3 –2 2 distance of R from the origin is
[2019, 8 April Shift-II] So, PQ × PM = β −1 β + 1
⇒ | a × b | = 64 + 36 + 36 (a) 2 21 (b) 53 (c) 2 14 (d) 6 1 0 −1
= 136 = 2 34 Ans. (c) = $i − $j(− β − β − 1) + k
$
Given points are P(2, − 3, 4), Q (8, 0, 10) and $ $
= i + (2β + 1) j + k $
and | a | = 9 + 16 = 5 R (4, y, z).
2 34 PQ × PM 1 + (2β + 1) 2 + 1 3
∴ | b | sinθ = Now, equation of line passing through So, = =
5 PM 1+ 1 2
x − 8 y − 0 z − 10
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), points P and Q is = = ⇒ 4β 2 + 4β + 3 = 3 ⇒ 4 β (β + 1) = 0
we get 6 3 6
1 2 34 [since equation of a line passing through ⇒ β = 0, − 1
Required area = × 5 × two points A (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) and B (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) is ⇒ β = −1 [as β ≠ 0]
2 5
given by
= 34 sq. units x −2 y −3 z −4
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 31 If the lines = = and
= =
Alternate Method x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z 2 − z 1 1 1 −k
Given line is
x − 8 y z − 10 x −1 y −4 z−5
x+2 y−1 z
= = = λ (let) …(i) ⇒ = = …(i) = = are coplanar,
3 0 4 2 1 2 k 2 1
Q Points P, Q and R are collinear, so then k can have [JEE Main 2013]
A(1, –1, 2)
4 − 8 y z − 10 z − 10 (a) any value
= = ⇒−2 = y =
2 1 2 2 (b) exactly one value
⇒ y = −2 and z = 6 (c) exactly two values
So, point R is (4, − 2, 6), therefore the (d) exactly three values
distance of point R from origin is Ans. (c)
B D C
x+2 y–1 z OR = 16 + 4 + 36 = 56 = 2 14 The given lines are
= =
3 0 4 x −2 y −3 z −4
= = …(i)
Since, point D lies on the line BC. 30 If the length of the perpendicular 1 1 −k
∴Coordinates of D = (3λ − 2, 1, 4λ) from the point (β, 0, β) (β ≠ 0) to the and
x − 1 y −4 z − 5
= = …(ii)
Now, DR of BC ⇒a 1 = 3, b 1 = 0, c 1 = 4 x y −1 z +1 3 k 2 1
line, = = is , then β is
and DR of AD ⇒a 2 = 3λ − 3, b 2 = 2, 1 0 −1 2 Condition for two lines are coplanar.
c 2 = 4λ − 2 x1 − x2 y1 − y2 z 1 − z 2
equal to [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
Since, AD ⊥ BC, a 1a 2 + b 1b 2 + c 1 c 2 = 0 l1 m1 n1 =0
(a) 2 (b) − 2 (c) − 1 (d) 1
3 × (3λ − 3) + 0 (2) + 4(4λ − 2) = 0 l2 m2 n2
Ans. (c)
⇒ 9λ − 9 + 0 + 16λ − 8 = 0
Equation of given line is where, (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) and (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) are any
⇒ 25λ − 17 = 0 points on the lines (i) and (ii), respectively
x y−1 z+ 1
⇒ λ=
17 = = …(i) and < l 1 , m1 , n1 > and < l 2 , m2 , n2 > are
25 1 0 −1
350 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
direction cosines of lines (i) and (ii), On substituting the values of p and q in 34 The length of the perpendicular
respectively. the third equation3p − 1 = 2q + k, we get drawn from the point (3, − 1, 11) to the
2− 1 3−4 4− 5 −3 x y −2 z −3
3 − 1 = 2(− 5) + k line = = is
∴ 1 1 − k =0 2 2 3 4 [AIEEE 2011]
9
k 2 1 ∴ k=
2 (a) 66 (b) 29 (c) 33 (d) 53
1 −1 −1 Ans. (d)
⇒ 1 1 − k =0
33 Statement I The point A (1, 0, 7) is
Let the coordinates of Q be
k 2 1 the mirror image of the point (2λ , 3λ + 2, 4λ + 3) which is any point on
x y −1 z −2 the straight line AB.
⇒ 1 (1 + 2k) + (1 + k 2 ) − (2 − k) = 0 B (1, 6, 3) in the line = = .
1 2 3 P (3, _1,11)
⇒ k 2 + 2k + k = 0
x y −1
⇒ k 2 + 3k = 0 Statement II The line =
⇒ k = 0, − 3 1 2
z −2
Note If 0 appears in the denominator, = bisects the line segment
then the correct way of representing the 3 A B
Q
equation of straight line is joining A (1, 0 , 7) and B (1, 6, 3).
x −2 y −3 [AIEEE 2011]
= ; z = 4 and ∴ DR’s of PQ is (2λ − 3, 3λ + 3, 4λ − 8).
1 1 (a) Statement I is true, Statement II Also, perpendicular to straight line AB
y −4 z − 5 is true; Statement II is not a correct
x = 1; = x y −2 z −3
2 1 explanation of Statement I = = =λ
2 3 4
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
x −1 y +1 z −1 having DR’s (2, 3, 4). Thus,
32 If the line = and = false
2 (2λ − 3) + 3 (3λ + 3) + 4 (4λ − 8) = 0
2 3 4 (c) Statement I is false, Statement II
x −3 y − k z ⇒ 4λ − 6 + 9λ + 9 + 16λ − 32 = 0
= = intersect, then k is is true
⇒ 29λ − 29 = 0
1 2 1 (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
∴ λ=1
equal to [AIEEE 2012] true; Statement II is a correct
2 explanation of Statement I Hence, coordinates of Q are (2, 5, 7).
(a) –1 (b)
9 Ans. (d) ∴ | PQ | = (3 − 2) 2 + (− 1 − 5) 2 + (7 − 11) 2
9 Mid-point of AB is M (1, 3, 5) = 1 + 36 + 16 = 53
(c) (d) 0
2
A (1, 0, 7) x −1 y −2
Ans. (c) 35 If the straight lines =
k 2
x−1 y+ 1 z−1 z −3 x −2 y −3 z −1
Given Two lines L1 : = = = and = =
2 3 4
3 3 k 2
x −3 y − k z −0
and L2 : = = M x y–1 z–2 intersect at a point, then the
1 2 1 1 2 3 integer k is equal to [AIEEE 2008]
To find The value of k of the given lines (a) – 2 (b) – 5 (c) 5 (d) 2
L1 and L2 are intersecting each other. Ans. (b)
B (1, 6, 3)
x−1 y+ 1 z−1 x − 1 y −2 z −3
Let L1 : = = =p Given, = = …(i)
2 3 4 which lies on
k 2 3
x −3 y − k z −0 x y − 1 z −2
and L2 : = = =q = = x −2 y −3 z − 1
1 2 3 and = = …(ii)
1 2 1 3 k 2
1 3− 1 5−2
⇒ Any point P on lineL1 is of type as = =
1 2 3 Since, lines intersect at a point. Then,
P (2p + 1,3p − 1,4p + 1) and any point Q on shortest distance between them is zero.
line L2 is of type Q (q + 3, 2q + k, q). ⇒ 1= 1= 1
k 2 3
Hence, Statement II is true.
Since, L1 and L2 are intersecting each
Also, direction ratios of AB is ∴ 3 k 2 =0
other, hence both points P and Q should 1 1 −2
(1 − 1, 6 − 0, 3 − 7) i. e., (0, 6, − 4) …(i)
coincide at the point of intersection, i.e., ⇒ k (− 2 k − 2) − 2 (− 6 − 2) + 3 (3 − k) = 0
corresponding coordinates of P and Q And direction ratios of straight line is
⇒ − 2 k 2 − 5k + 25 = 0
should be same. (1, 2, 3) …(ii)
⇒ 2 k 2 + 5k − 25 = 0
2p + 1 = q + 3,3p − 1 = 2q + k and 4p + 1 = q The two lines are perpendicular, if
⇒ 2 k 2 + 10 k − 5k − 25 = 0
On solving2p + 1 = q + 3 and 4p + 1 = q, we 0 (1) + 6 (2) − 4 (3) = 12 − 12 = 0
⇒ 2 k (k + 5) − 5 (k + 5) = 0
get the values of p and q as Hence, Statement I is true and 5
⇒ k= ,− 5
−3 Statement II is a correct explanation of
p= and q = − 5 Statement I.
2
2 Hence, integer value of k is − 5.
Three-Dimensional Geometry 351
36 The two lines x = ay + b, z = cy + d Any point on the line isF (k, k − a , k). x −2 y −3 z −4
Also, the equation of other lineCD is 40 The lines = = and
and x = a ′ y + b ′ , z = c ′ y + d ′ are 1 1 −k
x + a y −0 z −0
perpendicular to each other, if = = =λ [say] x −1 y −4 z−5
[AIEEE 2006, 2003]
2 1 1 = = are coplanar, if
k 2 1
a c Any point on the line is E (2λ − a , λ, λ).
(a) aa ′ + cc ′ = 1 (b) + = −1 (a) k = 0 or –1 (b) k = 1 or –1
a′ c ′ Direction ratios of EF are
(c) k = 0 or – 3 (d) k = 3 or – 3
a c [(k − 2λ + a), (k − a − λ), (k − λ)].
(c) + =1 (d) aa ′ + cc ′ = −1 [AIEEE 2003]
a′ c ′ Since, it is given that direction ratios of
EF are proportional to 2, 1, 2. Ans. (c)
Ans. (d) x −2 y −3 z −4
k − 2λ + a k − λ − a k − λ = =
Given equations can be rewritten as ∴ = = Given lines …(i)
2 1 2 1 1 −k
x −b y −0 z −d x − 1 y −4 z − 5
= = On solving first and second fractions, we and = = …(ii)
a 1 c k 2 1
get
x −b′ y −0 z −d′
and = = k − 2 λ + a = 2 k − 2 λ − 2a are coplanar.
a′ 1 c′ −1 1 1
⇒ k = 3a …(i)
These lines will be perpendicular, if On solving second and third fractions, ∴ 1 1 −k =0
aa ′ + cc ′ + 1 = 0 [Ql 1l 2 + m1 m2 + n1 n2 = 0] we get k 2 1
2 k − 2 λ − 2a = k − λ x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1
37 The angle between the lines Q l
⇒ k − λ = 2a m1 n1 = 0
2x = 3y = − z and 6x = − y = − 4z is ⇒ λ = 3a − 2a [from Eq. (i)]
1
[AIEEE 2005]
l2 m2 n2
∴ λ =a
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 90° (d) 0° ⇒ −1(1 + 2 k) − 1(1 + k ) + 1(2 − k) = 0
2
Hence, coordinates of E are (3a , 2a , 3a)
Ans. (c) and coordinates of F are (a , a , a). ⇒ −2 k − 1 − 1 − k 2 + 2 − k = 0
⇒ − k 2 − 3k = 0
The given equations of lines can be
rewritten as 39 If the straight lines x = 1 + s, ⇒ k = 0 or −3
x y z x y z t
= = and = = y = − 3 − λ s, z = 1 + λ s and x = ,
3 2 −6 2 −12 − 3 2
TOPIC 3
∴ Angle between the lines is y = 1 + t, z = 2 − t, with parameters Plane
θ = cos−1 s and t respectively are coplanar,
3 × 2 + 2 (−12) − 6 (−3) then λ is equal to [AIEEE 2004] 41 Let the acute angle bisector of the
32 + 22 + (−6) 2 (2) 2 + (−12) 2 + (−3) 2 (c) −
1 two planes x − 2y − 2z + 1 = 0 and
(a) – 2 (b) –1 (d) 0
2 2x − 3y − 6z + 1 = 0 be the plane P.
a 1 ⋅a 2 + b 2 ⋅b 2 + c 1 ⋅ c 2 Ans. (a)
Qcosθ = Then, which of the following points
a 2
+ b 2
+ c 2
a 2
+ b
2
+ c 2
The given straight line can be rewritten lies on P ?
1 1 1 2 2 2 [2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II]
as 1 1
= cos−1 (0) = 90 ° (a) 3, 1, − (b) − 2, 0, −
x−1 y+3 z−1 2 2
= = =s
38 A line with direction cosines 1 −λ λ
(c) (0, 2, − 4) (d) (4, 0, − 2)
proportional to 2, 1, 2 meets each x −0 y − 1 z −2
and = = =t Ans. (b)
of the lines x = y + a = z and 1 2 −2
x + a = 2y = 2 z. The coordinates of These two lines are coplanar, if Equation of angle bisectors
each of the points of intersection x1 − x2 y1 − y2 z 1 − z 2 x − 2y − 2z + 1 2x − 3y − 6z + 1
=±
are given by [AIEEE 2004] l1 m1 n1 =0 1+ 4+ 4 4 + 9 + 36
(a) (3a , 3a , 3a), (a , a , a) l2 m2 n2 ⇒ x − 5y + 4z + 4 = 0 and
(b) (3a , 2a , 3a), (a , a , a) 13x − 23y − 32z + 10 = 0
1 −0 −3 − 1 1 −2
(c) (3a , 2a , 3a), (a , a , 2a) Let θ be the angle between the planes
⇒ 1 −λ λ =0
(d) (2a , 3a , 3a), (2a , a , a) x − 5y + 4z + 4 = 0 and x − 2y − 2z + 1 = 0
1 2 −2
Ans. (b) Then,
1 − 4 −1 1 + 10 − 8 1
Let the equation of line AB be cosθ = =
x −0 y + a z −0 ⇒ 1 −λ λ =0 1 + 4 + 4 1 + 25 + 16 42
= = =k [say]
1 1 1 1 2 −2 ⇒ tanθ = 41 > 1 ⇒ θ> 45º
A E
B ⇒ 1 (2 λ − 2 λ) + 4(−2 − λ) − 1 (2 + λ) = 0 Then, acute angle bisector in plane
⇒ − 8 − 4λ − 2 − λ = 0 P : 13x − 23y − 32z + 10 = 0
− 1
⇒ −10 = 5 λ ⇒ λ = −2 ∴ Point − 2, 0, lies on the plane P.
C
F
D 2
352 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
42 Let the plane passing through the ⇒ − ac − ab + ac + c 2 = 0 Ans. (28)
point (−1, 0, − 2) and perpendicular to ⇒ c 2 = ab Let P ≡ (4, − 3, 1) and Q ≡ (2, 3, − 5)
each of the planes 2x + y − z = 2 and [a, b, c are distinct positive integers] P (4, –3, 1)
x − y − z = 3 be ax + by + cz + 8 = 0. ⇒ c = ab
Then the value of a + b + c is equal
to [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
44 Let P be an arbitrary point having
(a) 3 (b) 8
sum of the squares of the distance M
(c) 5 (d) 4 from the planes x + y + z = 0,
lx − nz = 0 and x − 2y + z = 0, equal
Ans. (d)
to 9. If the locus of the point P is
Equation of the plane passing through
(− 1, 0, − 2) is
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9, then the value of Q (2, 3, –5)
l − n is equal to ……………… . P+ Q
A (x + 1) + By − 0) + C (z + 2) = 0 ∴ M=
[2021, 17 March Shift-II] 2
This plane is perpendicular to 4 + 2 −3 + 3 1 − 5
Ans. (0) ⇒ M≡
2x + y − z = 2 , ,
Let P = (α, β, γ) 2 2 2
x − y − z =3
Distance of point P from the plane ⇒ M ≡ (3, 0, − 2)
So, DC will be 1.
x + y + z = 0 is Also, direction ratios of
2A + B − C = 0 …(i) α+β+ γ
= PQ = {4 − 2, − 3 − 3, 1 + 5}
⇒ A − B −C =0 …(ii) 3 = {2, − 6, 6}
Adding both Eqs. (ii) and (iii),
Distance of point P from the plane ⇒Direction ratios of PQ = { 1, − 3, 3} =
3A − 2C = 0 lx − nz = 0 is direction ratios of normal to the plane.
2 lα − nγ ∴ Equation of the plane is
⇒ A= C =
3 l 2 + n2 1 (x − 3) − 3(y − 0) + 3(z + 2) = 0
⇒ A=B+C [From Eq. (iii)]
and distance of point P from the plane ⇒ x − 3y + 3z + 3 = 0
2C
⇒ =B+C x − 2y + z = 0 is Comparing this toax + by + cz + d = 0,
3 α − 2β + γ
= we get a = 1, b − 3, c = 3, d = 3
C
⇒ B=− 6 ∴Minimum value of (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 )
3
According to the question, = 28
∴Equation of plane will become 2
α + β + γ
2
lx − nz
2C C
(x + 1) − (y) + C (z + 2) = 0 + 46 The equation of the planes parallel
3 l 2 + n2
3 3 to the plane x − 2y + 2z − 3 = 0 which
2x + 2 − y + 3z + 6 = 0 2
α − 2β + γ
+
are at unit distance from the point
⇒ 2x − y + 3z + 8 = 0 =9
6 (1, 2, 3) is ax + by + cz + d = 0. If
On comparing, we get
∴ Locus is
(x + y + z) 2 (lx − nz) 2
+ 2
(b − d) = K (c − a), then the positive
a = 2, b = − 1, c = 3
3 l + n2 value of K is ……… .
∴ a + b + c =2− 1+ 3=4
(x − 2y + z) 2 [2021, 18 March Shift-I]
+ =9
6 Ans. (4)
43 Let a, b and c be distinct positive
1 l2 2 1 n2 Equation of any plane parallel to the
numbers. If the vectors a $i + a$j + ck$ , ⇒x 2 + 2 + y +z + 2
2
2 l + n
2
2 l + n
2 plane x − 2y + 2z − 3 = 0 is
$i + k$ and c $i + c$j + bk$ are coplanar, x − 2y + 2z + λ = 0 …(i)
2ln
+ xz 1 − 2 =0 Given, distance from (1, 2, 3) is 1.
then c is equal to l +n
2
[2021, 25 July Shift-II] 1−2×2+ 2×3+ λ
Comparing it with the given equation of ∴ =1
2 a+b (1) 2 + (−2) 2 + (2) 2
(a) (b) locus, we get
1 1 2
+ 2ln = l 2 + n2 ⇒ |λ + 3| = 3
a b
1 1 ⇒ (l − n) 2 = 0 ⇒ λ + 3 = ± 3 ⇒ λ = 0, − 6
(c) + (d) ab ⇒ l − n=0 Consider, λ = −6
a b
Ans. (d) ∴Equation of required plane is
45 Let the plane, ax + by + cz + d = 0 x − 2y + 2z − 6 = 0
Given, vectors,a $i + a$j + ck$, $i + k$ and
bisect the line joining the points On comparing this equation to
c $i + c$j + bk$ are coplanar. (4, − 3, 1) and (2, 3, − 5) at the right ax + by + cz + d = 0, we get
a a c angles. If a, b, c, d are integers, then a = 1, b = − 2, c = 2 and d = − 6
So, 1 0 1 =0 the minimum value of Q (b − d) = k (c − a)
c c b (a 2 + b2 + c 2 + d 2 ) is ……… . ∴ 4 = k × ( 1)
⇒ a (0 − c) − a (b − c) + c (c − 0) = 0
[2021, 18 March Shift-I] ⇒ k =4
Three-Dimensional Geometry 353
47 The equation of the plane which = a $i − a$j + 4k$ ⇒ x + y + z = 42
contains the Y-axis and passes Now, CA | | N (x − 11) + (y − 19) + (z − 12) = 0
through the point (1, 2, 3) is a −a 4 Now,
So, = = =λ
x − 11 z − 12
[2021, 17 March Shift-I] l m n 3+ +
(a) x + 3z = 10 (b) x + 3z = 0 where λ is any real number. (y − 19) (z − 12)
2 2
(x − 11) 2 (y − 19) 2
(c) 3x + z = 6 (d) 3x − z = 0 y − 19
P ⇒ (a / λ) x − (a / λ) y + (4 / λ) z = 0 +
(x − 11) 2 (z − 12) 2
Ans. (d) P ⇒ ax − ay + 4z = 0
x+y+z
Equation of plane passing through a C lies on plane. −
14(x − 11) (y − 19) (z − 12)
point (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) is So, a ⋅0 − a (− a) + 4(− 1) = 0
a (x − x 1 ) + b (y − y 1 ) + c (z − z 1 ) = 0 a2 − 4 = 0 3(x − 11) 2 (y − 19) 2 (z − 12) 2 + (x − 11) 3
Here, (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) = (1, 2, 3) a=±2 + (y − 19) 3 + (z − 12) 3
So, a (x − 1) + b (y − 2) + c (z − 3) = 0 ⇒
As per the question,a > 0, so a = 2 (x − 11) 2 (y − 19) 2 (z − 12) 2
Now, Y-axis lies on it. So, equation of plane P ⇒2x − 2y + 4z = 0 42
Direction ratio of Y-axis is (0, 1, 0). −
P ⇒ x − y + 2z = 0 14(x − 11) (y − 19) (z − 12)
So, the normal vector of the plane will be Coordinates of D (x − 11) 3 + (y − 19) 3 + (z − 12) 3 − 3(x − 11)
perpendicular to direction ratio of x −0 y −4 z − 5 − (0 − 4 + 10)
Y-axis. = = = 2 (y − 19) (z − 12) + 3(x − 11) 2 (y − 19) 2 (z − 12) 2
1 −1 2 [1 + (− 1) 2 + 22 ] ⇒
a ⋅0 + b ⋅ 1 + c ⋅0 = 0 (x − 11) 2 (y − 19) 2 (z − 12) 2
If (a, b, c) is the foot of a point.
⇒ b =0 ⇒If A + B + C = 0
If (x, y, z) be the foot of perpendicular
Equation of plane becomes Then, A 3 + B 3 + C 3 = 3ABC
drawn from (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) to the plane.
a (x − 1) + c (z − 3) = 0 (x − 11) 3 + (y − 19) 3 + (Z − 12) 3
ax + by + cz + d = 0
Now, x = 0, z = 0 also satisfies the = 3(x − 11) (y − 19) (z − 12)
Then,
equation. ⇒
x − x1 y − y1 z − z 1
a (0 − 1) + c (0 − 3) = 0 = = 3(x − 11) (y − 19) (z − 12) − 3(x − 11) (y − 19)
a b c
⇒ − a − 3c = 0 − (ax 1 + by 1 + cz 1 + d) (z − 12) + 3(x − 11) 2 (y − 19) 2 (z − 12) 2
=
a = − 3c a2 + b2 + c2 (x − 11) 2 (y − 19) 2 (z − 12) 2
So, − 3c (x − 1) + c (z − 3) = 0 Here, (x, y, z) = (0, 4, 5) 3(x − 11) (y − 19) (z − 12)
⇒ =3
− 3x + 3 + z − 3 = 0 [as, c ≠ 0] z − 5 −6 (x − 11) (y − 19) (z − 12)
⇒ x − 0 = − (y − 4) = =
⇒ 3x − z = 0 2 6
50 The equation of the plane passing
∴ x = − 1, y = 5, z = 3
48 If for a > 0, the feet of C = (0, − 2, − 1) through the point (1, 2, −3) and
perpendiculars from the points D = (− 1, 5, 3) perpendicular to the planes
A(a,–2a, 3) and B(0, 4, 5) on the plane ∴ CD = (0 + 1) 2 + (− 2 − 5) 2 + (− 1 − 3) 2 3x + y − 2z = 5 and 2x − 5y − z = 7, is
lx + my + nz = 0 are points C(0, – a, = 1 + 49 + 16
[2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
–1) and D respectively, then, the (a) 6 x − 5 y + 2 z + 10 = 0
CD = 66
length of line segment CD is equal (b) 11x + y + 17z + 38 = 0
to (c) 6 x − 5 y − 2 z − 2 = 0
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] 49 If (x, y, z) be an arbitrary point lying
(d) 3x − 10 y + 2z + 11 = 0
(a) 31 (b) 41 on a plane P, which passes through
(c) 55 (d) 66 Ans. (b)
the point (42, 0, 0), (0, 42, 0) and (0,
Ans. (d) Given, equation of planes are
0, 42), then the value of expression
B (0, 4, 5) 3x + y − 2z = 5 and 2x − 5y − z = 7
x − 11 y − 19
A (a, –2a, 3) 3+ + and point (1, 2, − 3).
(y − 19) (z − 12)
2 2
(x − 11) 2 (z − 12) 2 Normal vector of required plane
z − 12 $i $j k$
+
D (x − 11) 2 (y − 19) 2 =n= 3 1 −2
C (0, –a, –1) lx+my+nz=0 x+y+z 2 −5 −1
−
Given, A ⇒ (a, − 2a, 3) 14(x − 11) (y − 19) (z − 12)
= $i (−1 − 10) − $j (− 3 + 4) + k$ – (15 − 2)
B ⇒ (0, 4, 5) [2021, 16 March Shift-II]
C ⇒ (0, − a, − 1) (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 39 (d) –45 = − 11$i − $j − 17k$
Equation of plane P ⇒ lx + my + nz = 0 Ans. (b) Now, the equation of plane passing
As, C is foot of perpendicular from A to through (1, 2, − 3) having normal vector
Equation of plane passing through $
plane P. So, CA | | N, whereN is the (− 11$i − $j − 17k)is
A(42, 0, 0), B(0, 42, 0) and C (0, 0, 42) will be
normal vector to the plane. x y z − [11(x − 1) + (y − 2) + 17 (z + 3)] = 0
+ + =1
CA = (a − 0) $i + (− 2a + a) $j + (3 + 1) k$ 42 42 42 ⇒ 11x + y + 17 z + 38 = 0
354 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
51 Consider the three planes 53 The magnitude of the projection of 55 A plane passing through the points
$ on the vector
the vector 2i$ + 3$j + k (0, − 1, 0) and (0, 0, 1) and making an
P1 : 3x + 15y + 21z = 9,
π
P2 : x − 3y − z = 5 and perpendicular to the plane angle with the plane y − z + 5 = 0,
$ and 4
P3 : 2x + 10y + 14z = 5 containing the vectors $i + $j + k
also passes through the point
$ , is
$i + 2$j + 3k
Then, which one of the following is [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
[2019, 9 April Shift-I]
true ? [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] 3 3 (a) ( 2 , 1, 4) (b) (− 2 , 1, − 4)
(a) (b) 6 (c) 3 6 (d)
(a) P1 and P2 are parallel 2 2 (c) (− 2 , − 1, − 4) (d) ( 2 , − 1, 4)
(b) P1 and P3 are parallel Ans. (d) Ans. (a)
(c) P2 and P3 are parallel The normal vector to the plane Let the equation of plane is
(d) P1 , P2 and P3 all are parallel containing the vectors ($i + $j + k$ ) and ax + by + cz = d …(i)
Ans. (b) ($i + 2$j + 3k$ ) is Since plane (i) passes through the points
Given, P1 ⇒ 3x + 15y + 21z = 9 $i $j k$ (0,−1, 0) and (0, 0, 1), then −b = d and c = d
P2 ⇒ x − 3y − z = 5 n = ($i + $j + k$ ) × ($i + 2$j + 3k$ ) = 1 1 1 ∴Equation of plane becomes
P3 ⇒ 2x + 10 y + 14z = 5 1 2 3 ax − dy + dz = d …(ii)
π
Consider plane P1 , it can be written as $ $ $
= i (3 − 2) − j (3 − 1) + k(2 − 1) QThe plane (ii) makes an angle of with
4
3x + 15y + 21z = 9 or x + 5y + 7 z = 3 = $i − 2$j + k$ the plane y − z + 5 = 0.
Again, consider plane P3 , it can be Now, magnitude of the projection of π −d − d
cos =
written as,2x + 10 y + 14z = 5 or vector 2$i + 3$j + k$ on normal vector n is 4 a + d2 + d2
2
1+ 1
x + 5y + 7 z = 5 / 2 | (2$i + 3$j + k$ ) ⋅ n |
Hence, P1 and P3 are parallel. | n| [Q The angle between the two planes
a 1 x + b 1 y + c 1 z + d = 0 and
| (2$i + 3$j + k$ ) ⋅ ($i − 2 $j + k$ )|
= a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 z + d = 0 is
52 Let P be a plane passing through 1+ 4+ 1
a1 a2 + b1 b2 + c 1 c 2
the points (2, 1, 0), (4, 1, 1) and (5, 0, 1) cosθ =
|2 − 6 + 1| 3 3
and R be any point (2, 1, 6). Then the = = = units a 12 + b 12 + c 12 a 22 + b 22 + c 22
6 6 2
image of R in the plane P is 1 |−2d |
⇒ =
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
x −1 y +1 z −2 2 a 2 + 2d 2 2
(a) (6, 5, 2) (b) (4, 3, 2) 54 If the line = =
meets
(c) (6, 5, −2) (d) (3, 4, −2) 2 3 4 ⇒ a 2 + 2d 2 = |−d |
Ans. (c) the plane, x + 2y + 3z = 15 at a point
⇒ a 2 + 2d 2 = 4d 2 [squaring both sides]
P, then the distance of P from
Equation of plane passing through the ⇒ a 2 = 2d 2 ⇒ a = ± 2d
points (2, 1, 0), (4, 1, 1) and (5, 0, 1) is origin is [2019, 9 April Shift-I]
So, the Eq. (ii) becomes
x − 2 y − 1 z − 0 (a) 7 /2 (b) 9 /2 (c) 5 /2 (d) 2 5
4 − 2 1 − 1 1 − 0 = 0 ± 2x − y + z = 1 …(iii)
Ans. (b)
Now, from options ( 2, 1, 4) satisfy the
5 − 2 0 − 1 1 − 0 Equation of given plane is plane
x − 2 y − 1 z x + 2y + 3z = 15 …(i) − 2x − y + z = 1
x − 1 y + 1 z −2
⇒ 2 0 1= 0 and line is, = = = r (let) …(ii)
2 3 4 56 If the plane 2x − y + 2z + 3 = 0 has
3 −1 1
So, the coordinates of any point on line 1 2
⇒ (x − 2)(0 + 1) − (y − 1)(2 − 3) + z (−2 − 0) = 0 (ii) is the distances and units from
⇒ x − 2 + y − 1 − 2z = 0 P (1 + 2r, − 1 + 3r, 2 + 4r).
3 3
⇒ x + y − 2z − 3 = 0 …(i) QPoint P is intersecting point of plane (i)
the planes 4x − 2y + 4z + λ = 0 and
and line (ii) 2x − y + 2z + µ = 0, respectively,
Now, let the image of point R (2, 1, 6) w.r.t.
plane (1) is (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ), then ∴(1 + 2r) + 2 (–1 + 3r) + 3 (2 + 4r) = 15 then the maximum value of λ + µ is
x1 − 2 y1 − 1 z 1 − 6 ⇒1 + 2r − 2 + 6r + 6 + 12r = 15 ⇒20 r = 10
equal to [2019, 10 April Shift-II]
= = (a) 13 (b) 15 (c) 5 (d) 9
1 1 −2 1
⇒ r=
2 + 1 − 12 − 3 2 Ans. (a)
= − 2 2
1 + 1 + (−2)
2 2 ∴ Coordinates of P Equation of given planes are
3 1 2x − y + 2z + 3 = 0 …(i)
x 1 − 2 y 1 − 1 z 1 − 6 2 × 12 = 1 + 1, − 1 + , 2 + 2 = 2, , 4
⇒ = = = =4 2 2 4x − 2y + 4z + λ = 0 …(ii)
1 1 −2 6 and 2x − y + 2z + µ = 0 …(iii)
Now, distance of the point P from the
⇒ x 1 = 6, y 1 = 5, z 1 = − 2 origin Q Distance between two parallel planes
∴Image of point R (2, 1, 6) w.r.t, plane (1) is 1 1 81 9 ax + by + cz + d 1 = 0, and
= 4 + + 16 = 20 + = = units
(6, 5, −2). 4 4 4 2 ax + by + cz + d 2 = 0 is distance
Three-Dimensional Geometry 355
| d1 − d2 | Ans. (a) ⇒ (r − a) ⋅ ( b1 × b2 ) = 0
=
a +b + c
2 2 2 Given equation of line is x −4 y + 1 z −2
∴ Distance between planes (i) and (ii) is r = (1 − 3 µ ) i$ + (µ − 1) $j + ( 2 + 5 µ ) k
$ ⇒ 3 −1 2 =0
| λ − 2(3) | 1 Clearly, any point on the above line is of 1 2 3
= [given]
16 + 4 + 16 3 the form (1 − 3µ ,µ − 1, 2 + 5µ)
Qr − a = (x$i + y$j + zk $)
$ ) − (4i$ − $j + 2k
Let A be (− 3 µ + 1, µ − 1, 5µ + 2) for some
⇒ | λ − 6 | = 2 ⇒ λ − 6 = ± 2 ⇒λ = 8 or 4 $ $ $
µ ∈R. = (x − 4) i + (y + 1) j + (z − 2) k
and distance between planes (i) and (iii) is
Then, AB = (3 − (− 3 µ + 1)) i$ + (2 − (µ − 1)) $j and we know that, [a b c] = a ⋅ ( b × c)
|µ − 3 | 2
= [given] $ [QAB = OB − OA] a1 a2 a3
4+ 1+ 4 3 + (6 − (5µ + 2)) k
= b1 b2 b3
⇒ |µ − 3 | = 2 ⇒µ − 3 = ± 2 ⇒ µ = 5 or 1 = (3 µ + 2) $i + (3 − µ ) $j + (4 − 5µ ) k
$ … (i)
So, maximum value of (λ + µ ) at λ = 8 and c 1 c 2 c 3
Normal vector (n) of the plane
µ = 5 and it is equal to 13. x − 4y + 3z = 1 is ⇒ (x − 4) (− 3 − 4) − (y + 1) (9 − 2)
n = i$ − 4$j + 3k
$ …(ii) + (z − 2) (6 + 1) = 0
57 A plane which bisects the angle ⇒ − 7 (x − 4) − 7 (y + 1) + 7 (z − 2) = 0
between the two given planes QAB is parallel to the plane
⇒ (x − 4) + (y + 1) − (z − 2) = 0
2x − y + 2z − 4 = 0 and ∴n is perpendicular to the AB
⇒ x + y − z − 1=0
x + 2y + 2z − 2 = 0, passes through ⇒ AB⋅ n = 0
(1, 1, 1) is the only point that satisfies.
⇒ [(3 µ + 2) i$ + (3 − µ ) $j + (4 − 5 µ ) k
$] ⋅
the point [2019, 12 April Shift-II]
$ $
[i − 4 j + 3k$] =0 60 Let S be the set of all real values of
(a) (1, − 4, 1) (b) (1, 4, − 1)
(c) (2, 4, 1) (d) (2, − 4, 1) [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)] λ such that a plane passing
Ans. (d) ⇒ (3 µ + 2) − 4(3 − µ ) + 3 (4 − 5 µ ) = 0
through the points (− λ2 , 1, 1),
1 (1, − λ2 ,1) and (1, 1, − λ2 ) also passes
Key Idea Equation of planes bisecting ⇒ − 8µ + 2 = 0 ⇒ µ = through the point (− 1, − 1, 1). Then, S
the angles between the planes 4
a1 x + b1 y + c 1 z + d1 = 0 59 The plane passing through the is equal to [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
and a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 z + d 2 = 0, are point (4, − 1, 2) and parallel to the (a) { 3, − 3 } (b) { 3, − 3}
a1 x + b1 y + c 1 z + d1 x +2 y −2 z +1 (c) {1, − 1} (d) { 3 }
=± lines = = and Ans. (a)
a 12 + b 12 + c 12 3 −1 2
a2 x + b2 y + c 2 z + d2 x −2 y −3 z −4 According to the question points
= = also passes (− λ2 , 1, 1), (1, − λ2 , 1) and (1, 1, − λ2 ) are
a + b + c
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 2 3 coplanar with the point (−1, − 1, 1), so
Equation of given planes are
through the point 1 − λ2 2 0
2x − y + 2z − 4 = 0 …(i) [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] 2 1 − λ2 0 =0
and x + 2y + 2z − 2 = 0 …(ii) (a) (−1, − 1, − 1) (b) (1, 1, − 1) 2 2 − λ2 − 1
Now, equation of planes bisecting the (c) (1, 1, 1) (d) (−1, − 1, 1)
angles between the planes (i) and (ii) are Qcondition of coplanarity is
Ans. (c) x −x y −y z −z
2x − y + 2z − 4 x + 2y + 2z − 2 2
=± 1 2 1 2 1
4+ 1+ 4 1+ 4+ 4 Let a be the position vector of the given x3 − x1 y3 − y1 z 3 − z 1 = 0
point (4, − 1, 2).
⇒ 2x − y + 2z − 4 = ± (x + 2y + 2z − 2) x4 − x1 y4 − y1 z 4 − z 1
Then, a = 4i$ − $j + 2k
$
On taking (+ ve) sign, we get a plane ⇒ (−1 − λ2 ) [(1 − λ2 ) 2 − 4] = 0
x − 3y = 2 The direction vector of the lines
…(iii) ⇒(1 + λ ) [(1 − λ2 − 2) (1 − λ2 + 2)] = 0
2
On taking (− ve) sign, we get a plane x + 2 y −2 z + 1
= = ⇒ (1 + λ2 ) 2 (3 − λ2 ) = 0
3x + y + 4z = 6 …(iv) 3 −1 2 ⇒ λ =3
2
[Q1 + λ2 ≠ 0 ∀ λ ∈ R]
Now from the given options, the point x − 2 y − 3 z −4 ⇒ λ=± 3
and = =
(2, − 4, 1) satisfy the plane of angle 1 2 3
bisector 3x + y + 4z = 6 61 If L 1 is the line of intersection of
are respectively
the planes 2x − 2y + 3z − 2 = 0,
58 Let A be a point on the line b1 = 3$i − $j + 2k
$ and b = i$ + 2$j + 3k
$
2 x − y + z + 1 = 0 and L2 is the line of
$ and
r = (1 − 3µ) i$ + (µ − 1) $j + (2 + 5µ) k Now, as the plane is parallel to both b1 intersection of the planes
B(3, 2, 6) be a point in the space.
and b2 . x + 2y − z − 3 = 0, 3x − y + 2z − 1 = 0,
[Q plane is parallel to the given lines]
Then, the value of µ for which the then the distance of the origin from
So, normal vector (n) of the plane is the plane, containing the lines L 1
vector AB is parallel to the plane
perpendicular to both b1 and b2 .
x − 4y + 3z = 1 is [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] and L2 is [JEE Main 2018]
⇒ n = b1 × b2 and Required equation of 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) − (c) (d) plane is (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 8 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 2
(r − a) ⋅ n = 0
356 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Ans. (b) ∴ Equation of a plane passing through Ans. (b)
L1 is the line of intersection of the plane (1, − 1, − 1) and perpendicular tonis given by According to given information, we have
2x − 2y + 3z − 2 = 0 and x − y + z + 1 = 0 5(x − 1) + 7 (y + 1) + 3(z + 1) = 0 the following figure.
and L2 is the line of intersection of the ⇒ 5x + 7 y + 3z + 5 = 0
plane x + 2y − z − 3 = 0 and
3x − y + 2z − 1 = 0 5 + 21 − 21 + 5 2, –5, 0
∴Required distance =
n
$i $j k$ 5 + 7 +3
2 2 2 2x–5y=15
p
Since Li is parallel to 2 −2 3 = $i + $j =
10
units
1 −1 1 83
A
$i $j k$ (3, 4, 2) B (7, 0, 6)
63 The direction ratios of normal to C (2, a, b)
L2 is parallel to 1 2 −1 = 3$i − 5$j − 7k$
the plane through the points
3 −1 2
(0, − 1, 0) and (0, 0, 1) and making an From figure, it is clear that
5 8 π (AB × BC) = p and n = 2$i − 5$j + 0 k$
Also, L2 passes through , , 0 . angle with the plane y − z + 5 = 0
7 7 4 $i $j k$
[put z = 0 in last two planes] are [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] ∴p= 4 −4 4
So, equation of plane is
(a) 2, − 1, 1 (b) 2 , 1, − 1 −5 α β −6
x − 5 y − 8 z
7 (c) 2, 2 , − 2 (d) 2 3, 1, − 1 [QAB = (7 − 3) $i + (0 − 4) $j + (6 − 2) k$
7
1 1 0 = 0 Ans. (b, c)
= 4$i − 4$j + 4k$ and
3 −5 −7 Let the equation of plane be BC = (2 − 7) $i + (α − 0) $j + (β − 6) k$
a (x − 0) + b (y + 1) + c (z − 0) = 0
⇒ 7 x − 7 y + 8z + 3 = 0 = − 5$i + α$j + (β − 6) k$ ]
[Qequation of plane passing through
Now, perpendicular distance from origin a point (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) is given by = $i (−4β + 24 − 4α) − $j (4β − 24 + 20)
3 3 1 a (x − x 1 ) + b (y − y 1 ) + c (z − z 1 ) = 0]
is = = + k$ (4α − 20)
⇒ ax + by + cz + b = 0
7 +7 +8
2 2 2 162 3 2 ... (i) $ $
⇒ p = (24 − 4α − 4β) i + j (4 − 4β)
Since, it also passes through (0, 0, 1),
+ k$ (4α − 20)
therefore, we get
62 The distance of the point (1, 3, −7) c +b =0 ...(ii) Now,as the planes are perpendicular,
from the plane passing through the Now, as angle between the planes therefore p ⋅ n = 0
point (1, − 1, − 1) having normal ax + by + cz + b = 0 ⇒ ((24 − 4α − 4β) $i + (4 − 4β) $j + (4α − 20) k$ )
π
perpendicular to both the lines and y − z + 5 = 0 is . ⋅ (2$i − 5$j + 0 k$ )) = 0
x −1 y +2 z −4 4
|n ⋅n | ⇒ 2(24 − 4α − 4β) − 5(4 − 4β) + 0 = 0
= = and π
∴ cos = 1 2 ; where
1 −2 3 4 | n1 | | n2 | ⇒ 8(6 − α − β) − 4(5 − 5β) = 0
x −2 y +1 z + 7 n = a$i + b$j + c k$ and n = 0 $i + $j − k$
⇒ 12 − 2α − 2β − 5 + 5β = 0
= = , is 1 2
⇒ 2α − 3β = 7
2 −1 −1 1 | (a$i + b$j + ck$ ) ⋅ (0 $i + $j − k$ )|
⇒ =
[JEE Main 2017] 2 a2 + b2 + c2 0 + 1 + 1 65 Distance between two parallel
20 10
(a) units (b) units |b − c | planes 2x + y + 2z = 8 and
74 83 =
a2 + b2 + c2 2 4x + 2y + 4z + 5 = 0 is [JEE Main 2013]
5 10
(c) units (d) units ⇒ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = |b − c |2 = (b − c) 2 3 5 7 9
83 74 (a) (b) (c) (d)
= b 2 + c 2 − 2bc 2 2 2 2
Ans. (b)
⇒ a = −2bc
2 Ans. (c)
Given, equations of lines are ⇒ a 2 = 2b 2 [using Eq. (ii)] Given planes are2x + y + 2z − 8 = 0
x − 1 y + 2 z −4
= = ⇒ a = ± 2b 5
1 −2 3 and 2x + y + 2z + = 0
⇒Direction ratios (a,b, c) = (± 2, 1, − 1) 2
x −2 y + 1 z + 7 Distance between two planes
and = = So, options (b) and (c) are correct
2 −1 −1 because 2, 2, − 2 and 2, 1, − 1 are | c1 − c2 |
=
Let n = i − 2 j + 3k and n = 2$i − $j − k$
$ $ $ multiple of each other. a2 + b2 + c2
1 2
∴ Any vector nperpendicular to both 64 If the point (2, α, β) lies on the plane −8−
5
n1 , n2 is given by 2
which passes through the points =
n = n1 × n2 22 + 12 + 22
(3, 4, 2) and (7, 0, 6) and is
$i $j k$ perpendicular to the plane
21
⇒ n= 1 −2 3 = 5$i + 7 $j + 3k$ 2x − 5y = 15, then 2α − 3β is equal to 7
2 −1 −1 [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] = 2 =
3 2
(a) 17 (b) 7 (c) 5 (d) 12
Three-Dimensional Geometry 357
66 An equation of a plane parallel to 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) + + + + + =0 TOPIC 4
the plane x − 2y + 2z − 5 = 0 and at a a2 b2 c 2 a′ 2 b ′ 2 c ′ 2
unit distance from the origin is 1
(b) 2 + 2
1 1 1 1
− 2 + 2 + 2 − 2 =0
1 Lines and Plane
[AIEEE 2012] a b c a′ b′ c′
(a) x − 2 y + 2 z − 3 = 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) 2 − 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 − 2 =0 70 The square of the distance of the
(b) x − 2 y + 2 z + 1 = 0 a b c a′ b′ c′ point of intersection of the line
(c) x − 2 y + 2 z − 1 = 0 1
+ 2
1 1 1 1
+ 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 =0
1 x−1 y −2 z +1
(d) x − 2 y + 2 z + 5 = 0 (d) 2 = = and the plane
a b c a′ b′ c′ 2 3 6
Ans. (a)
Ans. (d) 2x − y + z = 6 from the point
Given A plane P : x − 2y + 2z − 5 = 0
Consider OX, OY , OZ and Ox, Oy, Oz are (− 1, − 1, 2) is [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I]
To find The equation of a plane parallel
two systems of rectangular axes. Ans. (61)
to given plane P and at a distance of 1
Let their corresponding equations of x − 1 y −2 z + 1
unit from origin. Equation of family of
plane be = = =λ
plane parallel to the given plane P is 2 3 6
x y z
Q : x − 2y + 2z + d = 0 + + =1 …(i) x = 2λ + 1
a b c
Also, perpendicular distance of Q from y = 3λ + 2
x y z z = 6λ − 1
origin is 1 unit. and + + =1 …(ii)
a′ b′ c′
0 − 2(0) + 2(0) + d Equation of plane is2x − y + z = 6
⇒ =1 Length of perpendicular from origin to
⇒2(2λ + 1) − (3λ + 2) + (6λ − 1 ) = 6
12 + 22 + 22 Eqs. (i) and (ii) must be same.
7λ = 7
1 1
⇒
d
=1 ∴ = λ=1
1 1 1 1 1 1
3 + + + + P (3, 5, 5)
a2 b2 c2 a ′2 b ′2 c ′2
⇒ d=±3 (Distance) 2 = (3 + 1) + (5 + 1 ) 2 + (5 − 2) 2
Hence, the required equation of the 1 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ + + = + + = 16 + 36 + 9 = 61
plane parallel to P and at unit distance a 2 b 2 c 2 a ′2 b ′2 c ′2
from origin is 1 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ + 2 + 2 − 2 − 2 − 2 =0 71 The distance of the point (–1, 2, –2)
x − 2y + 2z ± 3 = 0 2
a′ b′ c′
a b c from the line of intersection of the
Hence, out of the given equations,
planes 2 x + 3y + 2 z = 0 and
option (a) is the only correct.
69 A parallelopiped is formed by x − 2y + z = 0 is [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
67 Distance between two parallel planes drawn through the points (a)
1
(b)
5
planes 2 x + y + 2 z = 8 and (2, 3, 5) and (5, 9, 7), parallel to the 2 2
4x + 2y + 4z + 5 = 0 is [AIEEE 2004]
coordinate planes. The length of a 42 34
(c) (d)
3 5 7 9 diagonal of the parallelopiped is 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) [AIEEE 2002]
2 2 2 2 Ans. (d)
(a) 7 units
Ans. (c) Let L be the line of intersection of
(b) 38 units 2x + 3y + 2z = 0 and x − 2y + z = 0
We know that the distance between two
parallel planes ax + by + cz + d 1 = 0 (c) 155 units If z = 0, then x = y = 0
and ax + by + cz + d 2 = 0 is (d) None of the above The lineL is parallel tor1 × r2 , where
d2 − d1 r1 = 2$i + 3$j + 2k$ and r2 = $i − 2$j + k$
Ans. (a) $i $j k$
a + b2 + c2
2
A parallelopiped is formed by planes 2 3 2 = 7 $i − 7k$
Therefore, the distance between drawn through the points (2, 3, 5) and (5, 9,
4x + 2y + 4z − 16 = 0 and 7), parallel to the coordinate planes. 1 −2 1
4x + 2y + 4z + 5 = 0 is Let a , b and c be the lengths of edges, DR’s of L is (1, 0, − 1)
5 + 16 21 21 7 then
= = = and equation of L is
x y z
= = =λ
16 + 4 + 16 36 6 2 a = 5 − 2 = 3, b = 9 − 3 = 6 and c = 7 − 5 = 2 1 0 −1
So, the length of diagonal of a
parallelopiped P (–1, 2, –2)
68 Two systems of rectangular axes
have the same origin. If a plane = a +b + c
2 2 2
cuts them at distances a, b, c and = 9 + 36 + 4
a ′ , b′ , c ′ from the origin, then L
= 49 = 7 units Q (λ, 0, –λ)
[AIEEE 2003]
358 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
Let PQ be the distance from the point 2 + 3 x + 10 − 2 y ⇒ (2λ + 1 ) x + (λ − 1) y + (−3λ − 1 ) z
P(−1, 2, − 2) to the lineL. 3 3 + (4λ − 1) = 0 ...(iii)
DRs of PQ = λ + 1, − 2, 2 − λ
+ 4 − z + 6 − 7 = 0
4 Distance of plane (iii) from origin
∴ PQ ⊥ r 3 2
= (given)
⇒ (λ + 1) (1) + (−2) (0) + (2 − λ) (−1) = 0 ⇒ 11x + 4y + 8z − 3 = 0 21
1 α = − 11 , β = − 4 , γ = − 8 | 4λ − 1 |
⇒ λ + 1−2+ λ =0 ⇒ λ = ⇒ =
2
2 α + β + γ = − 23 (2λ + 1) 2 + (λ − 1) 2 + (− 3λ + 1) 2 21
−1
Coordinate of Q is , 0,
1
Squaring both sides
2 2 74 The distance of the point (1, −2, 3) (4λ − 1 ) 2 2
2 2
from the plane x − y + z = 5 =
1 1 (2λ + 1) + (λ − 1 ) 2 + (3λ + 1) 2 21
2
⇒PQ = −1 − + (2 − 0) 2 + −2 +
2 2 measured parallel to a line, whose
direction ratios are 2, 3, −6 is ⇒ 21 (16λ2 − 8λ + 1) = 2 (14λ2 + 8λ + 3)
9 9 34
= + 4+ = [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] ⇒ 308λ2 − 184λ + 15 = 0
4 4 2
(a) 3 (b) 5 ⇒ 308λ2 − 154λ − 30 λ + 15 = 0
(c) 2 (d) 1 ⇒ (2λ − 1) ( 154λ − 15) = 0
72 Suppose the line
x −2 y −2 z +2 Ans. (d) 1 15
+ = lies on the plane ⇒ λ = or λ =
Let A be any point on the plane 2 154
α −5 2 x − y + z = 5 and B(1, − 2, 3). Then equation 1
Putting λ = in Eq. (iii), we have
x + 3y − 2 z + β = 0. Then, (α + β) is of the line AB whose direction ratios are 2
equal to [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] 2, 3, − 6
4x − y − 5z + 2 = 0
x − 1 y+ 2 z −3
Ans. (7) = = = λ (Let)
2 3 −6
Given equation of line 76 The equation of the plane passing
x −2 y −2 z + 2 ⇒ x = 1 + 2λ, y = − 2 + 3λ, z = 3 − 6λ through the line of intersection of
= = …(i)
α −5 2 A(1 + 2λ, − 2 + 3λ, 3 − 6λ) the planes r ⋅ (i$ + $j + k$ ) = 1 and
and plane x + 3y − 2z + β = 0 A lies on plane.
r ⋅ (2$i + 3$j − k$ ) + 4 = 0 and parallel to
…(ii)
Line (i) pases through (2, 2, –2) Then, 1 + 2λ − (− 2 + 3λ) + 3 − 6λ = 5
which lies on plane (ii). ⇒ 1 + 2λ + 2 − 3λ + 3 − 6λ = 5 the X-axis is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
∴ 2+ 6+ 4+ β =0 ⇒ λ=
1 (a) r ⋅ ( $j − 3k$ ) + 6 = 0 (b) r ⋅ ( i$ + 3k$ ) + 6 = 0
7
⇒ β = − 12 (c) r ⋅ ( i$ − 3k$ ) + 6 = 0 (d) r ⋅ ( $j − 3k$ ) − 6 = 0
9 − 11 15
Also, given line is perpendicular to ∴ A , ,
7 7 7 Ans. (a)
normal of the plane
Distance Given, equation of planes
α(1) − 5(3) + 2(−2) = 0
2
2
15
2
r ⋅ ($i + $j + k$) = 1 …(i)
⇒ α = 19 AB = 1 − + −2 + + 3 −
9 11
∴ α+β=7 7 7 7 r ⋅ (2$i + 3$j − k$) + 4 = 0 … (ii)
4 9 36 Equation of plane passing through the
= + + =1
73 Let the equation of the plane, that 49 49 49 intersection of the planes
passes through the point (1, 4, –3) Eqs. (i) and (ii) is given by
and contains the line of 75 Equation of a plane at a distance (x + y + z − 1) + λ (2x + 3y – z + 4) = 0
intersection of the planes 2/21 from the origin, which or ( 1 + 2λ) x + ( 1 + 3λ) y + (1 − λ) z
3x − 2y + 4z − 7 = 0 and + (− 1 + 4λ) = 0 …(iii)
contains the line of intersection of
x + 5y − 2 z + 9 = 0 be the planes x − y − z − 1 = 0 and Plane (iii) in parallel to X-axis
α x + βy + γ z + 3 = 0, then α + β + γ is 1 + 2λ = 0 [Coefficient of x = 0]
2x + y − 3z + 4 = 0, is
−1
equal to [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] ⇒ λ=
(a) 3x − y − 5z + 2 = 0 2
(a) − 23 (b) − 15
(c) 23 (d) 15 (b) 3x − 4z + 3 = 0 ∴ From Eq. (iii) becomes
Ans. (a) (c) − x + 2y + 2 z − 3 = 0 y − 3z + 6 = 0
Equation of plane is (d) 4x − y − 5z + 2 = 0 or r ⋅ ($j − 3k$) + 6 = 0
(3x − 2y + 4z − 7 ) + λ( x + 5y − 2z + 9) = 0 Ans. (d)
(λ + 3) x + (5λ − 2) y + (4 − 2λ) z + 9λ − 7 = 0 Given planes,
77 Let S be the mirror image of the
Passing through (1, 4, − 3) x − y − z − 1=0 ...(i) point Q (1, 3, 4) with respect to
(λ + 3) + 4(5λ − 2) − 3(4 − 2λ) + 9λ − 7 = 0 2x + y − 3z + 4 = 0 ...(ii) the plane 2x − y + z + 3 = 0 and let
2 Equation of plane passing through line of R(3, 5, γ) be a point of this plane.
⇒ 36λ − 24 = 0 ⇒ λ =
3 intersection of planes (i) and (ii) is given Then the square of the length of
by the line segment SR is
⇒Equation of plane
(x − y − z − 1) + λ (2x + y − 3z + 4) = 0 [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
Three-Dimensional Geometry 359
Ans. (72) Since plane P passes through (1, 2, 3), Then,
Let point S (a, b, c) then {(7µ + 3) − 0 } ⋅ 7 + {(µ − 1) − 0 } ⋅ 1
(1 + 2 + 12 − 16) + λ (−1 + 2 + 3 – 6) = 0 + {(5µ + 2) − 6} ⋅ 5 = 0
Then,
a − 1 b −3 c −4 ⇒ −1 + λ(−2) = 0 ⇒ 49µ + 21 + µ − 1 + 25µ − 20 = 0
= = −1 ⇒ µ = 0C (3, − 1, 2)
2 −1 1 ⇒ λ=
2 Distance = (3 − 0) 2 + (−1 − 0) 2 + (2 − 6) 2
−2 (2 −3 + 4 + 3)
= = −2 −1
4+ 1+ 1 On putting λ = in Eq. (i), we get = 26
2
⇒ a = − 3, b = 5, c = 2 d 2 = 26
P :3x + y + 7 z − 26 = 0
∴ S (− 3, 5, 2) Clearly (4, 2, 2) not lie on the plane.
and point R (3, 5, γ) lies on the plane
81 Let Q be the foot of the
2x − y + z + 3 = 0 perpendicular from the point P (7,
80 Let the line L be the projection of
⇒ 6 − 5 + γ + 3 = 0 ⇒γ = − 4 − 2,13) on the plane containing the
the line x +1 y −1 z −3
∴ R (3, 5, − 4) = =
x −1 y −3 z −4 lines and
Now, SR 2 = 62 + 0 2 + (6) 2 = = in the plane 6 7 8
2 1 2 x +1 y −2 z −3
= 36 + 0 + 36 = 72
x − 2y − z = 3. If d is the distance of = = ⋅ Then, (PQ) 2 is
3 5 7
78 A plane P contains the line the point (0, 0, 6) from L, then d 2 is
equal to [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
equal to [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
x + 2y + 3z + 1 = 0 = x − y − z − 6 and Ans. (96)
Ans. (26)
is perpendicular to the plane x − 1 y −3 z −4 Plane containing the lines would be
Given line, = = x + 1 y − 1 z −3
–2x + y + z + 8 = 0. 2 1 2
Given plane, x − 2y − z = 3 6 7 8 =0
Then which of the following points
lies on P ? [2021, 26 Aug Shift-I] To find the projection let’s find the foot 3 5 7
(a) (− 1, 1, 2) (b) (0, 1, 1) of perpendicular from (1, 3, 4) to plane ⇒(x + 1) (49 − 40) − (y − 1) (42 − 24)
x − 2y − z = 3
(c) (1, 0, 1) (d) (2, − 1, 1) + (z − 3) (30 − 21) = 0
Ans. (b) ⇒ 9(x + 1) − 18(y − 1) + 9(z − 3) = 0
Equation of plane containing the given ⇒ x − 2y + z = 0
planes is Now, PQ will be equal to the
(x + 2y + 3z + 1) + λ (x − y − z − 6) = 0 perpendicular distance of the point
P(7, − 2, 13) from the plane x –2y + z = 0
(1 + λ) x + (2 − λ) y + (3 − λ) z + (1 − 6λ) = 0 B A
7 − 2(− 2) + 13
This plane is perpendicular to the plane ∴ PQ =
−2 × + y + z + 8 = 0 x − 1 y −3 z −4 12 + (− 2) 2 + (1) 2
= = = λ1
So, −2(1 + λ) + (2 − λ) + (3 − λ) = 0 1 −2 −1
7 + 4 + 13 24
−2 − 2λ + 2 − λ + 3 − λ = 0 (λ 1 + 1) − 2(−2λ 1 + 3) − (− λ 1 + 4) = 3 = = =4 6
1 + 4+ 1 6
3 ⇒ 6λ 1 = 12 ⇒ λ 1 = 2
λ=
4 PQ 2 = (4 6) 2 = 16 × 6 = 96
So, foot of perpendicular from (1, 3, 4) to
So, equation of required plane is
plane x − 2y − z = 3 is A (3, − 1, 2). 82 Let a plane P pass through the
7 x + 5y + 9z = 14
Now, (0, 1, 1) satisfies the above plane. Let us also find the intersection point of point (3, 7, − 7) and contain the line,
the plane and line x −2 y −3 z +2
= = . If distance of
79 Let P be the plane passing through x − 1 y −3 z −4 −3 2 1
= = = λ2
the point (1,2,3) and the line of 2 1 2 the plane P from the origin is d,
intersection of the planes (2λ 2 + 1) − 2(λ 2 + 3) − (2λ 2 + 4) = 3 then d 2 is equal to …………… .
r ⋅ (i$ + $j + 4k$ ) = 16 and −2λ 2 = 12 ⇒ λ 2 = −6 [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
Ans. (3)
r ⋅ (− i$ + $j + k$ ) = 6. Then which of the The intersection point of the plane and
line is B (−11, − 3, − 8) Equation of a plane passing through (3, 7,
following points does not lie on P ? Line passing through A and B is − 7) is a (x − 3) + b (y − 7) + c (z + 7) = 0
[2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
x −3 y + 1 z −2 Now, this plane contains the line
(a) (3, 3, 2) (b) (6, − 6, 2) = = =µ
−14 −2 −10 x −2 y −3 z + 2
(c) (4, 2, 2) (d) (− 8, 8, 6) = =
x −3 y + 1 z −2 −3 2 1
= = =µ
Ans. (c) 7 1 5
DC of normal vector = a, b, c
P is a plane passing through the Now, let’s find the distance from O (0, 0,
DC of line = −3, 2, 1
intersection of P1 and P2 . 6) to this lineL.
normal perpendicular line
Equation of P:P1 + λP2 = 0 Let’s say C (7µ + 3, µ − 1, 5µ + 2) is any point
(x + y + 4z − 16) + λ (− x + y + z − 6) = 0 …(i) on L. So, − 3a + 2b + c = 0
360 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
And it also passes through (2, 3, − 2). 84 The distance of the point P (3, 4, 4) 86 Let L be the line of intersection of
a (2 − 3) + b (3 − 7) + c (−2 + 7) = 0 planes r ⋅ (i$ − $j + 2k$ ) = 2 and
from the point of intersection of
⇒ − a − 4b + 5c = 0
− 3a + 2b + c = 0
the line joining the points. r ⋅ (2i$ + $j − k$ ) = 2. If P(α, β, γ) is the
a = c = b Q(3, − 4, − 5) and R(2, − 3, 1) and the
− a − 4b + 5c = 0 foot of perpendicular on L from the
plane 2x + y + z = 7, is equal to
So, equation of plane point (1, 2, 0), then the value of
…………… . [2021, 27 July Shift-II]
x −3+ y − 7 + z + 7 =0 35(α + β + γ) is equal to
Ans. (7) [2021, 22 July shift-II]
⇒ x + y + z =3
Equation of line joining the points (a) 101 (b) 119 (c) 143 (d) 134
Distance from origin (0, 0, 0),
Q (3, − 4, − 5) and R (2, − 3, 1) is
|0 + 0 + 0 − 3 | Ans. (b)
d= x −3 y + 4 z + 5
12 + 12 + 12 QR ⇒ = = = r (let) P1 ⇒ r.($i − $j + 2k$) = 2
1 −1 −6
3 ⇒ x − y + 2z = 2
= = 3 ⇒ T (x, y, z) = (r + 3, − r − 4, − 6r − 5)
3 This pointT lies on plane2x + y + z = 7 . P2 ⇒ r ⋅ (2$i + $j − k$) = 2
∴ d2 = 3 So, 2(r + 3) + (− r − 4) + (− 6r − 5) = 7 ⇒ 2x + y − z = 2
⇒ − 5r − 3 = 7 Let us say z = 0, then
83 For real numbers α and β ≠ 0, if the x − y =2 −2
⇒ r = −2 4
point of intersection of the straight x = , y = and z = 0
So, required pointT (1, − 2, 7) 2x + y = 2 3 3
lines Hence, PT = (3 − 1) 2 + (4 + 2) 2 + (4 − 7) 2 Now, line of intersection will be along
x −α y −1 z −1 n1 × n2
= = = 4 + 36 + 9 = 49
$i $j k$
1 2 3
PT = 7 units
x −4 y −6 z − 7 1 −1 2 = − $i + 5$j + 3k$
and = = lies on 2 1 −1
β 3 3 85 Let the foot of perpendicular from
the plane x + 2y − z = 8, then α − β is a point P (1, 2, − 1) to the straight line Equation of line of intersection
x y z
equal to [2021, 27 July Shift-II] L ⇒ = = be N. Let a line be x−
4
y+
2
1 0 −1 3= 3 = z −0 = t
(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) 7
drawn from P parallel to the plane −1 5 3
Ans. (d)
x + y + 2z = 0 which meets L at point x = −t +
4
,
x −α y − 1 z − 1
We have, = = = r1 (let) Q. If α is the acute angle between 3
1 2 3 2
the lines PN and PQ, then cosα is y = 5t − and z = 3t
Coordinate of any point on this line is 3
equal to [2021, 25 July Shift-I]
( r1 + α, 2r1 + 1, 3r1 + 1) If coordinates of foot of perpendicular is
x −4 y −6 z − 7 1 3 1 1
and = = = r2 (let) (a) (b) (c) (d) (α, β, γ), then [(α − 1) $i + (β − 2) $j + (γ − 0)k$].
β 5 2 3 2 3
3 3 (− $i + 5$j + 3k$) = 0 −α + 1 + 5β − 10 + 3γ = 0
Coordinate of any point on this line is Ans. (c)
x y z (α, β, γ) lies on line of intersection. So, it
(βr2 + 4, 3r2 + 6, 3r2 + 7) L⇒ = = =λ can also be written as − t + , 5t − , 3t
4 2
1 0 −1
For intersection, 3 3
r1 + α = βr2 + 4 ⇒r1 − βr2 = 4 − α …(i) Let N (λ, 0,−λ) P(1, 2, −1) 4 10 41
PN = (λ − 1 , − 2, − λ + 1) ⇒ t − + 25t − + 9t = 9 ⇒ 35t =
and 2r1 + 1 = 3r2 + 6 ⇒2r1 − 3r2 = 5 …(ii) 3 3 3
and 3r1 + 1 = 3r2 + 7 ⇒ 3r1 − 3r2 = 6 …(iii) Now, (λ −1) + (−2) ⋅0 + (−λ + 1) (−1) = 0 4 2
So, α + β + γ = − t + + 5t − + 3t
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (iii), ⇒ λ=1 3 3
r1 = 1 N (1, 0, −1) 2
= 7t + = 7 ⋅
41 2 51
+ =
Substitute in Eq. (ii), Let Q (µ , 0, −µ) 3 105 3 15
r2 = − 1 PQ is parallel to x + y + 2z = 0 51
⇒ 35(α + β + γ) = × 35 = 119
From Eq. (i), So, 1 (µ − 1) + (−2⋅1) + (−µ + 1) ⋅2 = 0 15
α + β =3 …(iv) ⇒ µ=1
87 Let P be a plane passing through
So, point of intersection is (α + 1, 3, 4). ⇒ Q (−1, 0,1) the points (1, 0, 1), (1, −2, 1) and (0, 1,
It lies on the plane x + 2y − z = 8
PN = (0, − 2, 0) −2). Let a vector a = α $i + β$j + γk$ be
So, α + 1 + 6 − 4 = 8
α=5 PQ = (−2, − 2, 2) such that a is parallel to the plane
Substitute in Eq. (iv), ∴ cosα =
PQ. PN P, perpendicular to ($i + 2$j + 3k$ ) and
β = −2 |PQ| |PN|
a. ($i + $j + 2k$ ) = 2, then (α − β + γ ) 2
Hence,α = 5 and β = − 2, 4 1
= = equals …… . [2021, 20 July Shift-I]
∴ α − β = 5 − (−2) = 7. 2⋅2 3 3
Three-Dimensional Geometry 361
Ans. (81) Now, from options given only point (1, 2, 2) QAM ⊥ L 1
A(1, 0, 1), B(1, − 2, 1), C (0, 1, − 2) satisfies it. ∴2(2r − 3) + 1 × r + (− 1) (− r − 3) = 0
AB = (0, − 2, 0) ∴ (1, 2, 2) point is on plane P. ⇒ 4r − 6 + r + r + 3 = 0
AC = (− 1, 1, − 3) 1
⇒ 6r = 3 ⇒r =
89 If the equation of the plane passing 2
Normal vector to the plane will be
through the line of intersection of 7 − 5
$i $j k$ ∴ M = 0, ,
the planes 2x − 7 y + 4z − 3 = 0, 2 2
0 − 2 0 = 6$i − 2k$
3x − 5y + 4z + 11 = 0 and the point A+ B
− 1 1 −3 Q M= ⇒2M = A + B
(−2, 1, 3) is ax + by + cz − 7 = 0, then 2
Equation of plane ⇒(r − a) ⋅ x = 0 the value of 2a + b + c − 7 is ……… . ⇒ B = 2M − A
[2021, 17 March, Shift-I]
⇒[(x − 1) $i + (y − 0) $j + (z − 1)k$] 7
Ans. (4) (2 × 0) − 2, 2 × − 3,
2
⋅ [6$i − 2k$] = 0 ∴ B ≡
Equation of the plane passing through − 5
⇒ 6(x − 1) − 2(z − 1) = 0 the line of intersections of planes 2 × − 1
2x − 7 y + 4z − 3 = 0 and 3x − 5y + 4z + 11 = 0 2
⇒ 6x − 2z − 4 = 0
⇒ 3x − z = 2 is (2x − 7 y + 4z − 3) + λ (3x − 5y + 4z + 11) = 0 ⇒ B = (− 2, 4, − 6)
Since this plane is passes through the
a = α i + β j + γk$ is parallel to plane.
$ $ Now, equation of plane containing
point (−2, 1,3). B(− 2, 4, − 6) and the lineL2 is
So, (α $i + β$j + γk$) ⋅ (3$i − k$) = 0 ∴ (−4 − 7 + 12 − 3) + λ (−6 − 5 + 12 + 11 = 0
B (–2, 4, –6) L2
3α − γ = 0 ⇒ γ = 3α 1
12 ⇒ λ = 2 λ = (2, 1, –1)
a ⊥ ($i + 2$j + 3k$) 6
∴ Equation of plane is ,
dr s (3, –2, 1)
α + 2β + 3γ = 0
1
α + 2β + 9α = 0 (2x − 7 y + 4z − 3) + (3x − 5y + 4z + 11) = 0 ,
dr s (4, –3, 5)
6
⇒ 5α + β = 0 x −2 y − 1 z + 1
15x − 47 y + 28z − 7 = 0
⇒ β = − 5α
∴ a = 15, b = −47, c = 28 3 −2 1 =0
∴ a = α( $i − 5$j + 3k$) 2a + b + c − 7 = 30 − 47 + 28 − 7 = 4 4 −3 5
Given, a ⋅ ($i + $j + 2k$) = 2
90 If the equation of plane passing ⇒ (x − 2) (− 10 + 3) − (y − 1) (15 − 4)
α( $i − 5$j + 3k$) ($i + $j + 2k$) = 2 + (z + 1) (− 9 + 8) = 0
through the mirror image of a point
⇒ α(1 − 5 + 6) = 2 ⇒α = 1 ⇒ − 7 (x − 2) − 11 (y − 1) − 1 (z + 1) = 0
(2, 3, 1) with respect to line
α = 1, β = − 5, γ = 3 x +1 y −3 z +2 ⇒ − 7 x − 11 y − z = − 14 − 11 + 1
∴ (α − β + γ)2 = (1 + 5 + 3) 2 = 81 = = and containing ⇒7 x + 11 y + z = 24 comparing this to
2 1 −1 αx + βy + γz = 24
x −2 1− y z +1
88 Consider the line L given by the the line = = is We get,α = 7, β = 11, γ = 1
equation 3 2 1 ∴α + β + γ = 7 + 11 + 1 = 19
x −3 y −1 z −2 αx + βy + γz = 24, then α + β + γ is
= = . equal to
2 1 1 [2021, 17 March Shift-II] 91 Let the mirror image of the point
(a) 20 (b) 19 (1, 3, a) with respect to the plane
Let Q be the mirror image of the
point (2, 3, −1) with respect to L.
(c) 18 (d) 21 r⋅ (2i$ − $j + k$ ) − b = 0 be (− 3, 5, 2).
Ans. (b)
Let a plane P be such that it Then the value of | a + b| is equal to
passes through Q, and the line L is Let A = (2, 3, 1)
…………… . [2021, 18 March Shift-II]
perpendicular to P. Then which of x + 1 y −3 z + 2
L1 ⇒ = = Ans. (1)
the following points is on the 2 1 −1
Given equation of plane in vector form is
x −2 y − 1 z + 1
plane P? [2021, 20 July Shift-II] L2 ⇒ = = r . (2$i − $j + k$) − b = 0
(a) (−1, 1, 2) (b) (1, 1, 1) 3 −2 1
P (1, 3, a)
(c) (1, 1, 2) (d) (1, 2, 2) Any point M taken on L1 is
(2r − 1, r + 3, − r − 2) n
Ans. (d)
A (2, 3, 1)
Given, line
x−3 y− 1 z −2 –1,4, a+2 R
⇒ = = …(i) 2
2 1 1
M (2r–1, r+3, –r–2)
Let plane P be a passing through Q and is
perpendicular to line (i), then equation of
plane be B (x1, y1, z1) Q (–3, 5, 2)
2(x − 2) + 1(y − 3) + 1(z + 1) = 0 ∴Direction ratios of AM are Its Cartesian form will be
2x + y + z − 6 = 0 (2r − 3, r, − r − 3) 2x − y + z = b … (i)
362 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
QR is the mid-point of PQ. Ans. (c) ⇒ 7 /2 = 9λ2 + m2 λ2 + λ2
P+ Q P ⇒ lx + my + nz = 0 ⇒ 7 /2 = 10 λ2 + 1 [Qmλ = − 1]
∴ R≡
2 P contains L1 ⇒ 10 λ2 = 5 /2
a + 2 x−1 y+4 z+2 ⇒ λ2 = 1 /4 ⇒ λ = ± 1 /2
⇒ R ≡ − 1, 4, L1 ⇒ = =
2 −1 2 3 ⇒ m = − 1/ λ
QR lies on the plane (i). So, (1, − 4, − 2) lies on plane. ∴ m= ± 2
a+2 and | m | = 2
∴ −2−4+ =b l − 4m − 2n = 0 … (i)
2
And (−1 , 2, 3) will be perpendicular to
⇒ a + 2 = 2b + 12 (l , m, n). 95 If the mirror image of the point
⇒ a = 2b + 10 … (ii) − l + 2m + 3n = 0 … (ii) (1, 3, 5) with respect to the plane
QDirection ratio’s of QP is Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), 4x − 5y + 2z = 8 is (α, β, γ ), then
( 1 − (− 3), 3 − 5, a − 2) − 2m + n = 0 5(α + β + γ ) equals
i.e. (4, − 2, a − 2) n = 2m [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
and direction ratios of normal to the l − 4m − 4m = 0 (a) 47 (b) 43 (c) 39 (d) 41
given plane are is (2, − 1, 1) Ans. (a)
l = 8m
Q nand QPare parallel.
2 −1 1 So, l = 8m and n = 2m Given, point P(1, 3, 5) has the mirror image
∴ = = Plane ⇒ 8x + y + 2z = 0 θ(α, β, γ)
4 −2 a − 2
Now, A(− 3, − 6, 1) and B(2, 4, − 3). with respect to plane4x − 5y + 2z = 8
∴ a − 2 = 2 ⇒a = 4 P (1, 3, 5)
Plane P divides AB in the ratio of k : 1.
From Eq. (ii),b = − 3 Let plane P intersect the line AB at
∴ |a + b | = |4 − 3| = |1| = 1 point O.
2k − 3 4k − 6 − 3k + 1
92 Let P be a plane containing the line So, O = , , M
k+ 1 k+ 1 k+ 1
x −1 y +6 z + 5
= = and parallel to And O lies on plane P,
3 4 2 4x–5y+2z=8
So, 8(2k − 3) + (4k − 6) + 2(− 3k + 1 ) = 0
x −3 y −2 z + 5
the line = = . If the ⇒ 14k − 28 = 0 Q (α, β, γ)
4 −3 7 ∴ k =2
point (1, − 1, α) lies on the plane P, Then, M be the mid-point of line joining
then the value of | 5α | is equal to 94 If the distance of the point (1, −2, 3) point P and Q and M lies on given plane.
………… . [2021, 18 March Shift-II] from the plane x + 2y − 3z + 10 = 0 Coordinates of M(a, b, c) are as follows
α+ 1 β+3 γ+5
Ans. (38) measured parallel to the line, a= ,b = ,c =
Equation of required plane is x −1 2− y z +3 7 2 2 2
= = is , then the Q M lies on plane, then
x−1 y+6 z+ 5 3 m 1 2
4a − 5b + 2c = 8
3 4 2 =0 value of | m| is equal to……… .
α + 1 β + 3 γ + 5
4 −3 7 [2021, 16 March Shift-II] 4 − 5 + 2 =8 …(i)
2 2 2
Ans. (2)
Since, (1, − 1, α) lies on it, Also, PQ is perpendicular to plane
So, replace x by 1, y by (− 1) and z and α. Given, point A ⇒ (1, − 2, 3)
α − 1 β −3 γ − 5
0 5 α+ 5 Plane ⇒x + 2y − 3z + 10 = 0 ⇒ = = = λ(say)
4 −5 2
3 4 2 =0 Distance of point from plane along the
vector (3i$ − m$j + k$) is 7 /2. ⇒ α = 4λ + 1, β = 3 − 5λ,γ = 2λ + 5 …(ii)
4 −3 7 Use Eqs. (ii) in (i), we get
Line passing through (1, − 2, 3) in the
⇒ 5α + 38 = 0 6 − 5λ
direction of (3i$ − m$j + k$) is 2(4λ + 2) − 5 + 2λ + 10 = 8
⇒ 5α = − 38 2
x − 1 y + 2 z −3
= = =λ 25λ
∴ |5α | = |− 38| = 38 3 −m 1 ⇒ 8λ + 4 − 15 + + 2λ + 10 = 8
2
Any general point B will be
93. Let P be a plane lx + my + nz = 0 (3λ + 1, − mλ − 2, λ + 3) λ=
2
5
containing the line, Now, this point B lies on plane
α = 4λ + 1 = 4 + 1 =
2 13
1− x y +4 z +2 So, x + 2y − 3z + 10 = 0
∴
= = . If plane P 5 5
1 2 3 (3λ + 1) + 2(− mλ − 2) − 3(λ + 3) + 10 = 0 2 5
β = 3 − 5 =` = 1
divides the line segment AB joining = (3 − 2m − 3) λ = 2 ⇒λ = − 1/ m 5 5
points A(−3, − 6, 1) and B (2, 4, − 3) in Now, A = (1, − 2, 3)
γ = 5 + 2 =
2 29
ratio k :1, then the value of k is B = (3λ + 1, − mλ − 2, λ + 3) 5 5
equal to [2021, 16 March Shift-I] | AB |2 = (3λ + 1 − 1) 2 + (− mλ − 2 + 2 ) 2 13 29
∴ 5(α + β + γ) = 5 + 1 + = 47
(a) 1.5 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 4 + (λ + 3 − 3) 2 5 5
Three-Dimensional Geometry 363
96 Let L be a line obtained from the Ans. (8) = 3$i − $j + k$
intersection of two planes Given (λ, 2, 1) be point on the plane which n = 3$i − $j + k$
x + 2y + z = 6 and y + 2z = 4. If point passes through (4, − 2, 2) and plane is
perpendicular to line joining P and Q. Let P be any point on normal vector and
P (α, β, γ ) is the foot of perpendicular O be origin. Then refer the diagram,
from (3, 2, 1) on L, then the value of P (–2, –21, 29) projection of OP on plane have length OM.
21 (α + β + γ ) equals Q (–1, –16, 23)
[2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
P (2, –1, 1)
(a) 142 (b) 68 θ
A
(c) 136 (d) 102 (λ, 2, 1) B (4, –2, 2)
n
Ans. (d)
Given, x + 2y + z = 6 …(i) Given, AB is ⊥ to PQi.e., AB⋅PQ = 0
and y + `2z = 4 …(ii) Now, AB = (4 − λ) $i + (− 2 − 2) $j + (2 − 1)k$
O M
Put y = 4 − 2z from Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i), we get
= (4 − λ) $i − 4$j + k$ Plane
x + 8 − 4z + z = 6
PQ = (− 1 + 2) $i + (− 16 + 21) $j + (23 − 29)k$ OP = 2$i − $j + k$ and n = 3$i − $j + k$
⇒ x = − 2 + 3z
x+2 = $i + 5$j − 6k$ OP. n = | OP||n| cosθ
⇒ =z …(iii)
3 Hence, AB⋅PQ = 0 (6 + 1 + 1) = 4 + 1 + 1 ( 9 + 1 + 1) cosθ
Q y = 4 − 2z ⇒ (4 − λ) (1) + (− 4) (5) + (1) (− 6) = 0 8 = 6 11 cosθ
y −4 ⇒ 4 − λ − 20 − 6 = 0 8
⇒ =Z …(iv) ⇒ cosθ =
−2 ⇒ λ = − 22 66
| OM|
From Eqs. (iii) and (iv), line of intersection λ
2
λ Again, sinθ = , gives | OM| = sinθ.| OP |
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