M.G 1.3 S.B

MEGA
GOAL1.3
MANUEL DOS SANTOS

ELI GHAZEL
DANAE KOZANOGLOU
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 1 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Scope and Sequence
Unit Title Functions Grammar
Intro Carry out banking transactions

Talk about stress
Recycle familiar verb forms, simple
present/ narrative, connectors and
Pages 2–5 modifiers, passive forms, would,
tag questions, comparatives/ too –
enough/ would –hypothesis
1
Talk about problems and things that need Needs to be (done)
Complaints, Complaints to be done Have/get something (done)
Ask to have something done Past participles as adjectives
Pages 6–19 Talk about common consumer complaints Present perfect simple tense: already,
yet, just
Verb + gerund; verb + infinitive
Subject and object pronouns
Imperatives and two-word verbs
2 I Wonder What Talk about events that happened in the

past before others
Past perfect tense
Can’t, could, couldn’t, must, may, or might
Happened Speculate about facts and events
Expressing enthusiasm with intensifiers
Independent clauses with: and, but, so
and yet
Pages 20–33 and The past with dependent time clauses
adjectives Conditional sentences with present and
Express necessity and lack of necessity future forms
3 If It Hadn’t Happened Talk about discoveries and inventions and

how things would have been different
Should have + past participle
Conditional sentences: hypothetical
Pages 34–47 without them situations in the past
Talk about missed opportunities and If with could and might
regrets Present perfect versus simple past
Expressing ability, permission and requests Time expressions with: ago, for, since
If + past perfect + be able to
4 What They Said Report what people said

Discuss famous quotes
Reported speech
Reported questions
Pages 48–61 Relate messages Word changes in reported speech
Discussing the environment and natural Reporting verbs
disasters Negative questions
Expressing agreement and disagreement Relative adverb: Where
with: so, neither, either, too
EXPANSION Units 1-4 Language Review

Reading: The War of the Worlds
Pages 62–67 Project: Report and review a story
iv
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 4 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Listening Pronunciation Reading Writing
Listen for specific Recycle and use familiar Teenage Stress Write about stress and give advice
information/ draw stress, intonation patterns,
conclusions identify falling/ rising
Listen and identify intonation patterns
language functions in
discourse
Listen for specific Stress in compound nouns Murphy’s Law Write a letter or email of complaint about a
information about faulty product
complaints Do a family survey on complaints about
products and prepare a poster
presentation with your advice (Project)
Listen for general Word-ending er Vision 2030 Write a description of a vessel, voyage or
understanding and Kingdom of Saudi expedition
speculate causes Arabia Collect information and write about a meteor
occurrence on Earth and do a poster
presentation (Project)
Listen to a radio show for Reductions could have, should Mario’s Advice Write a response for an advice column
details about regrets have, and would have Column Write the results of a survey about regrets
(Project)
Listen for specific Unstressed and stressed that Quotes, Quotes Write an email to give information and
information from a directions to a place
speech Write about interesting quotations (Project)
Chant Along: Could You Help Me Find the Reason?

Writing: Write a letter of apology
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 5 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Intro
1 Conversation
Listen and practice reading the conversation in pairs.
Yasmin is in Jeddah, visiting relatives. She and her cousin, Amal,
are invited to a wedding reception at the end of the week.
Yasmin: Amal, look at that beautiful, silk gown in the Size – Quantity
window! We don’t have much time, shops will
Amal: I agree. It’s very elegant. Would you like to go in close in less than an hour, so let’s
and have a look? hurry!
Yasmin: Can we? I’d love to try it on. We don’t have much There are too many people waiting in
time, shops will close in less than an hour, so let’s line. We’d better come back later!
hurry!
I need a larger size, don’t I? / You need
Assistant: Good morning ladies. How can I help you?
a smaller size.
Amal: We’d like to see that gown, please.
This is large enough for him.
Assistant: Is it for you?
Yasmin: It’s for me, actually. But I need a larger size, don’t I? Directions
Assistant: I’m not sure you do. I think you should try a Walk out the door and turn right. You’ll
smaller one. see some elevators on your right.
Yasmin: Isn’t this small enough? Go down to the ground floor. The bank
Assistant: I’m afraid not. It’s an XL. Small is the right size for is between the elevators and a large
you. Would you like to try it on? sports store. You can’t miss it.
Yasmin: Yes, please. Go straight and take the second
…. turning on the left/right.
Yasmin: What do you think? It’s the right size isn’t it?
Turn right and right again.
Amal: Yes, it’s a perfect fit. It looks great on you. You might
need to have the hem taken up a little. Talking about a book/plot
Assistant: We’d be happy to do that for you. It has an incredible plot.
Yasmin: Right! We’ll take it! Do you accept this type of credit I can’t put it down.
card? It’s full of suspense/surprises.
Assistant: Actually, we’d prefer cash.
You don’t know what’s going to
Yasmin: Oh, I’m sorry. In that case, we’ll have to go to the
happen next.
bank and get some cash. Could you tell us how to
It’s unpredictable.
get to the nearest bank?
Assistant: Yes, of course. Walk out the door and turn right. It’s an interesting story, based on real
You’ll see some elevators on your right. Go down to facts.
the ground floor. The bank is between the elevators
and a large sports store. You can’t miss it.
( In the elevator …) Your Turn
Amal: By the way. I noticed you were reading the book Role-play a conversation like the one
that we bought the other day. Are you enjoying it? above with a partner.
Yasmin: I can’t put it down. It has an incredible plot. It’s full of Decide about the following first:
suspense and events are totally unpredictable. It’s • which city/town you are in
not like many boring detective novels where you • what you are interested in buying
know what’s going to happen next without reading. • what kind of store you are in
It’s a good, well-written book. You should read it. • who is with you
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 2 4/6/21 12:57 AM

2 Listening
A. Listen and check true or false.
true false
1. Yasmin can’t use this type of credit card
because she doesn’t have an account.
2. Yasmin is interested in opening an account.
3. Amal can use the ATM.
4. Yasmin will pick up her new gown today.
Bank clerk: Good morning. Can I help you?

Amal: 3 B. Listen again and write
Bank clerk: the number of the correct
Yasmin: No, I’m sorry, I don’t. Is that a problem? expression in the blank.
Bank clerk: No, not at all.
1. Just checking; there is no
Yasmin: Oh, I see. What do you think Amal? I’ll be back
service charge for account
here, every few months. It would make sense, wouldn’t it?
holders.
Amal: Whatever you think is best.
2. In that case, I’d like to open
Yasmin:
an account please.
Bank clerk: Of course.
3. Yes, please. We’d like to
Yasmin: Thank you.
withdraw some cash from
Amal: Oh, excuse me.
this credit card.
Yasmin:
4. Do you have an account
Amal: Yes, I do. It’s just that I don’t use it often enough to
with us?
remember! Sorry!
5. Would you like to come
Yasmin: That’s fine! I’m glad we’ll both be using the same bank.
this way and fill out some
Amal: Oh, look at the number of people waiting at the counter.
documents?
. I forgot to take it this morning.
6. I’d like to withdraw some
Yasmin: Please don’t worry! I’ll wait for you.
money from my account.
Amal: I’m not sure that’s a good idea Yasmin. Stores are about
7. I wish I had the card for my
to close for the afternoon. You’d better hurry and pick up
cash card account. I could
your gown.
use the ATM.
Yasmin: You’re probably right. Actually, I won’t pick it up today. I’d
8. Wouldn’t it be a good idea
like them to take the hem up. You’ll be alright, won’t you?
to open an account?
Amal: Yes, of course. Give me a ring on my cell phone when
9. I didn’t realize you had an
you’re ready.
account at this bank!
Yasmin: I’ll do that. OK. See you soon.
3 About You 4 Pronunciation

Role-play a conversation like the one above with a A. Listen. Note the rising or falling
partner. Use expressions from B. intonation.
Decide about the following first: Good morning. Can I help you?
• which city you are in No, not at all.
• what you would like to do at the bank, e.g. open an
account, deposit money into your account, etc. B. Listen and find more examples for rising
or falling intonation in the conversation.
3
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 3 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Intro
5 Reading
Before Reading
Make a list of things that make you feel stressed. Tell a partner.
Teenage Stress
Definition The Causes of Stress
Stress—the mental and physical strain Although adolescence is often viewed by parents as a
or the nonspecific response of the carefree period of life, some studies show that teenagers
experience the most stress of all people. They can
body to any demand made upon
experience stress related to money, family problems,
it. Stress is a chemical reaction that self-esteem, acceptance by their peers, getting accepted
takes place inside the body when into college, choosing a career, and pressure to do well in
there is a basic need to adapt to or school, sports, or clubs.
resist changing internal or external
influences. It is a response meant to According to experts, one of the main reasons for stress
return the body and mind to a state of is that childhood has gotten shorter, and the perception
of children has changed. Since TV is available to all
equilibrium and balance.
audiences, children can get messages that were probably
meant for adults, and the dividing line between childhood
and adulthood is less and less clear. Children do not play
as many of their own games as they used to, and most
of their games and sports nowadays are those preferred
by adults. Youngsters wear similar clothing to that of
adults, and they use adult language that was once never
to be heard from a child. Young people these days are
under tremendous pressure to achieve, to please, and to
succeed. They are expected to adjust to social changes
that past generations have never had to deal with. The
demands made on preteens and teens by modern life
have definitely increased the level of stress.
Tips for Dealing with Stress

All humans experience stress. It is a necessary part of
life. The response to stress is what often needs to be
controlled. A person’s feelings, attitude, and outlook on
life affect his or her ability to deal with stress.
You should avoid unnecessary worry. Thinking about
a problem in order to arrive at a solution can be
positive, but constant worry is not constructive, and it
accomplishes nothing. It usually just makes situations
more stressful.
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 4 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Read and listen to the Qur’an. It will help refresh diseases; preoccupation with negative/angry
your heart and mind. Remember that prayer and thoughts or feelings; unusual behavior patterns;
patience can combat stress and anxiety. loss of appetite, or eating disorders such as
Be thankful for what you have and start each day on anorexia or bulimia.
a positive note. Remember that each day is a gift. When you know you have a problem with stress,
Thank Almighty for the gift of life and greet the day try to solve it one step at a time. Part of the
with optimism and gratitude. Remember that you are problem could be trying to do too much at once.
not alone. You should take it in easy stages.
Become better organized. Plan activities a step at a Conclusion
time so that parts are accomplished. This gives you Stress doesn’t need to be negative. Some doctors
more self-esteem and more reasonable deadlines. say that you should laugh and smile more frequently
You should be aware of the symptoms of stress. to help deal with stress. When you laugh and smile,
Some symptoms are: your body relaxes, and the result is an overall positive
moodiness; insomnia or other sleeping disorders; reaction. Don’t forget that it is the effort that counts
lowered body resistance to colds, flu, or other more than the result.
After Reading
A. Match the words with the meanings.
1. ____ strain a. person of the same age group
2. ____ adapt b. opinion, often based on observation
3. ____ carefree c. without worry
4. ____ self-esteem d. worry, anxiety
5. ____ peer e. feeling of personal worth
6. ____ perception f. to change to fit a new situation
B. List the causes of stress for teens.
Discussion
Look at the list you made of things that make you feel stressed. In groups, ask others if the
same things stress them out.
6 Writing
Write two or more important things that cause stress in your peers. Give some advice for handling these things.
Copy the organizer below into your notebook and write your notes in it. Then use it to help you write.
Reason it causes stress Your advice

Something that causes __________________ __________________
stress in your age group __________________ __________________
__________________
__________________ Reason it causes stress Your advice
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 5 4/6/21 12:57 AM

1 Complaints, Complaints www.ien.edu.sa
1 Listen and Discuss

Read the consumer complaints. Find one sentence in each picture that is a complaint and underline it.
Consumer Complaints The engine makes

a strange noise.
Housing Car Repairs It was in for repairs
We’ll
just last week.
Don’t worry. We’ll have it
The walls are filthy. They get it done. checked.
need to be repainted.
This computer
crashed.
Do you have a
warranty?
Yes, I have a
three-year warranty.
I’ll have a technician
look at it.
Clothing Products
This sleeve
is torn.
I’ll have it sewn.
I’d rather have

a new jacket or
a refund.
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 6 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Consumer Awareness
What to Be Aware Of Car Repairs
Housing
cracked windshield flat tire dead battery
leaky pipe dripping faucet
worn tire dent in the body

loose broken
floorboards windowpane
broken doorknob
Electronic Products
stain Clothing air conditioner—
doesn’t get cold
hole
missing button
torn TV—lines on screen

scratched DVD
cell phone—no signal
Quick Check e
Q 2 Pair Work
A. Vocabulary. Write down what you think is the
Role-play the problems
worst problem for each category on these pages.
presented on these pages.
Compare your ideas with a partner.
What’s wrong?
B. Comprehension. Answer the questions about There’s a broken windowpane.
the complaints on page 6. I’ll have it fixed right away.
1. What’s wrong with the apartment? What seems to be the problem?
2. What does the mechanic say he’s going to do? The air conditioning isn’t cooling.
3. What’s wrong with the jacket? The thermostat needs to be fixed.
4. What’s wrong with the computer?
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 7 4/6/21 12:57 AM

1 Complaints, Complaints
3 Grammar www.ien.edu.sa
Need to Be (Done)
The windows need to be cleaned. (= Someone needs to clean the windows.)
The car seats need to be fixed. (= Someone needs to fix the car seats.)
Have/Get Something (Done)

Use have or get, with the past participle, when someone else does the service for you.
The rooms need to be decorated. We’re having/getting the rooms decorated.
The roof needs to be repaired. We’re going to have/get the roof repaired.
The house needed to be painted. We had/got the house painted.
Past Participles as Adjectives

break–broken The windows were broken. I fixed the broken windows.
crack–cracked The vase was cracked. I threw away the cracked vase.
damage–damaged The car was damaged. The mechanic fixed the damaged car.
tear–torn The shirt was torn. The tailor sewed the torn sleeve.
A. Say what is wrong with the following items. Then say how the things should be fixed.
Use the words in the box to help you.
dry-clean repair replace sew sharpen

The jacket is stained. It needs to be dry-cleaned.
1 2 3
4 5 6 7
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 8 4/6/21 12:57 AM

B. This apartment has a lot of problems. Complete the chart. 1 2
1. Make a list of the problems.
2. Say how you’re going to solve them.
Problem Solution
1. Living room:
The windowpane in the living room I’m going to have it
is broken. It needs to be fixed. fixed.
3
2. Kitchen:
3. Bedroom:
4. Bathroom:
4 5
5. Dining room:
C. Tell your classmates what you had done in the apartment in

exercise B. Add your own ideas.
We had the apartment redecorated.
D. Complete the conversation. Use the correct form of the verbs in

parentheses. Then practice the conversation with a partner.
Khaled: I ________ (1. have) this car for six months, and
it gives me all kinds of problems.
Joe: What is it this time?
Khaled: It ________ (2. not start) in the mornings.
Joe: Maybe it’s because of the cold, or the battery
________ (3. might/be) low.
It probably needs ________ (4. recharge).
Khaled: It isn’t that. I just ________ (5. have/put in)
a new battery________, and it still won’t start.
I think the starter needs ________ (6. repair).
Joe: Is there anything else wrong with the car?
Khaled: Yes, the exhaust pipe ________ (7. fall) off, and
the radiator is leaking.
They both need ________ (8. fix).
Joe: Is your car under warranty?
Khaled: Yes, it is.
Joe: Then you shouldn’t worry. We’ll ________
everything ________ (9. have/fix) for you.
Khaled: That’s what you ________ (10. say) the
last time.
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 9 4/6/21 12:57 AM

4 Language in Context www.ien.edu.sa
The following silly instructions appeared on product labels. Explain the instructions in your own words.
Why are they silly? (You might need to correct the English.)
You shouldn’t use a hair dryer in the bath or in bed.
2
On a hair dryer On an iron
Do not use while sleeping. Do not iron clothes on body.
Do not use in water. 3
1 On a dessert
On a bottle of milk Do not turn container upside
After opening, keep upright. down when opening.
6
4 On a frozen dinner
On a hotel shower cap We suggest you
5 cook before serving. 7
Use on one’s head. On a baby stroller
On a meat grinder
Do not use for any Put on brakes on slope.
other purpose. It might roll down quickly.
5 Listening
Listen to the guest’s complaints. Complete the chart with his problems.
Problems
1.
2.
3.
4.
6 Pronunciation 7 About You

A. Listen. Note the stress on the first noun In pairs, ask the questions and have your friend answer.
in the compound nouns. Then practice. Then switch roles.
windshield hair dryer 1. Have you ever bought a damaged or defective
meat grinder floorboard product? What did you do about it?
shower cap windowpane 2. Have you ever returned something to a store?
B. Find more words on the previous pages What was the reaction of the person you talked to?
that are made up of two nouns. Practice 3. Are there organizations that help consumers
reading them aloud by stressing the first when they have problems? What do you know about
part of the first noun. them?
4. What are the most common consumer complaints
you know of?
10
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 10 4/6/21 12:57 AM

8 Conversation
Salesperson: Can I help you, ma’am?
Customer: Yes, please, if you could. I’d like to return a
pair of jeans that my son bought—they’re
wide-cut with faded colors.
Salesperson: It sounds like one of Milo’s creations. He
designs loose-fitting clothing, and faded
clothes are in style this season. Your son
didn’t like them?
Customer: No, it’s not that. It’s the fabric. It’s really
flimsy, and…
Salesperson: Well, lightweight fabrics are the latest trend.
Customer: You don’t seem to understand.
Salesperson: Of course, ma’am, I’ll try to help. Can you give
me the jeans?
Customer: You see, they’re torn at the knees, and in
several other places, and the material is
falling apart. I noticed it when I was putting
them in the washer.
Real Talk
Yes, please, if you could. = polite way to respond to an offer
It sounds like = It seems to be
Your Ending
What do you think was the salesperson’s response?
1 Those tears are part of the design.
2 Would you like another pair?
3 Would you like a credit to buy something in another department?
4 Your idea: ___________
About the Conversation Your Turn

In pairs, ask and answer the questions. You are a customer. You want to complain about an
Then switch roles. item you bought. Make a list in your notebook of three
1. Was the salesperson helpful? things the salesperson says and three things you say. In
2. What is Milo’s latest style? pairs, role-play the conversation between you and the
3. What was the problem with the jeans salesperson.
according to the mother?
11
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 11 4/6/21 12:57 AM

9 Reading
www.ien.edu.sa
Before Reading
1. Have you ever heard of Murphy’s Law? Find out if any of your classmates know about it.
2. Read the article and underline all the sentences that talk about something that went wrong.
3. Write a sentence to state what the writer is trying to say.
M U R PH Y ’ S L AW
You invite your friends over to watch a final football match on TV. There are plenty of juices in
the refrigerator, you have bowls filled with your favorite snacks on the table, and you are all set
to watch the big match. You turn on the TV set, and all you get are fuzzy images on the screen.
Could this be Murphy’s Law at work? Murphy’s Law states: If anything can go wrong, it might go
wrong!
Similar situations occur all the time. When you’re in a hurry to open the door and
you try several keys on the key ring, the last remaining key is usually the one that
works. When you’re late meeting your friends and they’re all waiting for you at the
mall, all the traffic lights are red. When you get in a line at the supermarket, you
find you’ve chosen the slowest one, and it just doesn’t move. Is this bad luck or
coincidence? According to British physicist Robert Matthews, it’s neither one nor
the other. He explains that our selective memories tend
to remember the bad episodes more readily than the
things that usually work out. Also, the law of probability is
more against us than in our favor in many situations. For
example, in the supermarket with five cashiers, the chances of getting
the fastest lane are 20 percent, and 80 percent for a slower lane.
Matthews became a popular scientist when he proved that a piece of
toast doesn’t necessarily fall on the floor on the buttered side. BBC
Television gathered 300 people to throw pieces of buttered toast up
in the air and observe on which side they fell. Half fell on the buttered
side, and half didn’t.
Just remember that you cannot blame Murphy’s
Law for everything that goes wrong. If the hot
water runs out while you’re taking a shower, it’s
probably because the hot water heater needs to
be fixed. If you miss the bus and are late getting to
school, it’s probably because you didn’t wake up
early enough. And if you lose all your files on the
computer, let’s be honest— it’s your fault for not
having a backup of your files.
12
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 12 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Captain
Edw ar d A . M u r p h y
rds Air Force Base in the
rph y, Jr., was an engineer at Edwa and
Captain Ed wa rd A. Mu to measure the heartbeat
States. In 194 9, he wa s working on a machine uip me nt as the res ult
United
som eth ing wa s ma lfunctioning in the eq to
breathing of pilots. Bu t wa y
n and said, “If there is any
blamed the lab technicia down.
of human error. Murphy failure can bring a wh ole pro ject cra shing
e pe rso n’s
do it wrong, he wil l.” On will typically happen.
s tha t som e fail ure or something negative
And Murphy’s view wa s of everyday things.
be cam e po pu lar in all areas to explain the failure
Murphy’s phrase
After Reading
Answer the questions about the reading.
1. What does the example of the final football match illustrate?
2. What does Murphy’s Law state?
3. According to Robert Matthews, how does the law of
probability work against us in the supermarket line?
4. Why did Matthews do the buttered bread experiment?
What did it show?
Discussion
1. Give examples of Murphy’s Law using your own experience.
2. Do you believe in Murphy’s Law? Why, or why not?
13
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 13 4/6/21 12:57 AM

10 Writing www.ien.edu.sa
A. 1. Have you ever bought a product that turned out to be faulty or a lot
less than you expected? Did you take it back? Why? Why not?
2. Some people complain in writing to make sure that their complaints
go on record. Read the complaint letter on the next page and answer
the questions.
• What was the problem with the item that the writer had bought?
• What was the first thing he did? What was he advised to do?
• What did he expect the store to do? Why?
• How do you think he feels about the whole incident? How
do you know?
3. Now read the letter again. Circle the paragraph(s) that do the
following:
Paragraph or paragraphs
Set(s) the scene: 1 2 3 4 5
Express(es) personal feeling/opinion: 1 2 3 4 5
Give(s) an account of the events: 1 2 3 4 5
Provide(s) a conclusion: 1 2 3 4 5
Please note that some of the paragraphs can serve more than one purpose.
B. 1. Think about a faulty product. It can be a clothing item, an electronic gadget, an appliance, etc.
2. Think about what can go wrong with it. Make notes in the chart.
3. Use your notes to write a letter of complaint to the Customer Service Department of the company
or the store where you bought it.
The item/product you are complaining about: _______________________________

What you would ask/
What the instructions/ What is happening
expect the company that
salesperson promise instead
sold you the item to do
14
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 14 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Interelectronica
Customer Service Department
345 Jackson Road,
Baltimore, MD 23770
Date: _______________________
Dear Sir,
1 I purchased a set of earphones at your store three days ago. According

to your promotional material, any item that is faulty and is returned
within 24 hours, is fully refunded and a discount voucher is offered for
future purchases, as a courtesy to the customer.
2 I attempted to use my earphones the day I purchased them and found

out that one of the cables had not been connected. I therefore, called
your Customer Service Department and was advised to return the
earphones as soon as possible.
3 I drove to your place of business immediately and tried to do as advised.

Unfortunately, however, I was told by the assistant that the earphones
could only be returned if the packaging was intact.
4 Allow me to wonder how one is supposed to find out if an item is faulty

or not, if it is kept in its packaging. And if that is the case, it would seem
fair to include it in your promotional material in large block letters,
instead of conveying the wrong message and misleading people.
5 I regret to inform you that following this incident, I will refrain from using
your retail outlet in future and will have to report you to Consumer
Protection.
Yours sincerely,
A displeased former customer
Writing Corner
When you write an email/letter of complaint:
• Set the scene, in other words, provide background information.
• Give a clear account of expectations and actual events.
• Present the problem clearly and confidently.
• Conclude on a firm but polite note.
15
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 15 4/6/21 12:57 AM

11
www.ien.edu.sa
Form, Meaning and Function

Present Perfect Simple Tense
Use the present perfect to talk about recently completed actions.
Question Short Answer (+) Short Answer (–)
Has he taken out the garbage? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
Have they taken the car to the garage? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.
Note: Use been to talk about someone who has gone somewhere and he or she has returned.
Use gone to talk about someone who has left to go somewhere and he or she is still there.
Present Perfect with Already, Yet, Just

You can use the present perfect to talk about events that happened before now.
It is possible that the event happened earlier than expected.
Questions Affirmative (+) Negative (–)
Have you done the dishes yet? Yes, I’ve already done them. No, I haven’t done them yet.
Have you already washed the clothes? Yes, I’ve just washed them. No, I haven’t washed them yet.
Verb + Gerund
Use the gerund form (which ends in -ing) after the following verbs:
avoid enjoy give up imagine mind stop
can’t stand finish hate keep miss suggest
He can’t stand waiting in line. I don’t enjoy sitting in the sun.
We miss being with our friends. They stop playing tennis in the winter.
A. Work with a partner. Ask and answer about the pictures.

A: Have you done the dishes yet?
B: Yes, I’ve already done them.
B. Make sentences with the words. Use gerunds.

dessert / eat / after meals / can’t resist / I I can’t resist eating dessert after meals.
1. she / clean / can’t stand / the house
2. live / our grandparents / enjoy / in the country
3. the children / hate / their ice cream / share
4. eat / Mom’s food / we / miss
5. my sister / my toothpaste / use / stop / have to
6. the workers / paint / the house / finished
16
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 16 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Object Pronouns
Singular Plural
Subject Object Subject Object
Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns
I me He knows me. we us They know us.
you you I know you. you you They know you.
he him I know him. they them We know them.
she her I know her.
Need/Want/Like + Infinitive
Use the full infinitive (which is to + the base form of the verb) after the
following verbs: need, want, like.
She needs to buy some snacks.
He doesn’t want to do the dishes.
I like to help my mother.
Imperatives and Two-Word Verbs

Two-word verbs are common in English. They have a verb + particle. Object pronouns always come
between the verb and the particle.
Turn off your cell phone. Turn the phone off. Turn it off.
Clean up the mess. Clean the mess up. Clean it up.
Put away your clothes. Put your clothes away. Put them away.
C. Complete the sentences. Use the correct object pronoun: me, you, him, her, it, us, or them. The object
pronouns can be used once, more than once or not at all.
We need to invite our friends. I can ask them .
1. He doesn’t like the shoes we bought for him. He’s going to return
to the store.
2. Sandra is never on time. She’s going to tell to be more punctual.
3. This computer keeps crashing. I’m going to return and
ask for a refund.
4. Excuse me, we can’t find what we are looking for. Could you help ?
5. The car windscreen is cracked. Please can you fix ?
D. Rewrite each sentence with a two-word verb in two ways.

Please turn on the TV. Please turn the TV on. Please turn it on.
1. Put away those toys.
2. Clean up this mess.
3. Turn on the cooker.
4. Please turn off the light.
5. Please pick up your jacket.
6. Turn down the radio.
7. Turn up the news.
17
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 17 4/6/21 12:57 AM

12 Project
www.ien.edu.sa
1. Think about the complaints that your family has made

about different products at home.
2. Interview some of the members of your family to find
out more.
3. Make notes in the chart.
4. Make a large poster of 3 to 5 products. You can cut out
photos of products if you like, or draw them. Remember
to include a short description or product specifications.
5. Write the complaint about the product in quotes under
the picture.
6. Write your advice about how to deal with the problem.
Person and product The problem/complaint Your advice
18
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 18 4/6/21 12:57 AM

13 Self Reflection
Things that I liked about Unit 1: Things that I didn’t like very much:
Things that I found easy in Unit 1: Things that I found difficult in Unit 1:
I can do this I can do this I need to study/

Unit 1 Checklist very well. quite well. practice more.
talk about problems and things that need to be

done
ask to have something done
talk about common consumer complaints
use needs to be (done) and use have/get

something done
use past participles as adjectives
use: already, yet, just
form constructions with verb + gerund; verb + infinitive
know about subject and object pronouns
form imperatives and two-word verbs
If you’re still not sure about something

My five favorite new words from Unit 1: from Unit 1:
• read through the unit again

• listen to the audio material
• study the grammar and functions
from the unit again
• ask your teacher for help
19
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 19 4/6/21 12:57 AM

2 I Wonder What Happened www.ien.edu.sa
1 Listen and Discuss 2

1. Look at the pictures and write words for some of the things
and actions you see in each picture.
2. Match the sentences below with the pictures.
1
5 6
a. ___ There must have been a hurricane or a tornado.

7
b. ___ It can’t be a real locomotive. It must be an advertisement.
c. ___ He might have teased the bull.
d. ___ The driver must have lost control of the truck.
e. ___ It might be a new design of sunglasses.
f. ___ It must be the crater of a volcano, or maybe a meteorite
could have fallen.
g. ___ It could be something from another planet.
20
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 20 4/6/21 12:57 AM

WEEKLY EDITION
THE DAILY READI
Meteorite Hits Ho
NG JOURNAL
SECT ION A
New Orleans,
Louisiana USA
use through the Fau
ssets’
roof and the h
When Ray and o u se’s two
Judy floors, and it h
Fausset arrived ad ended up
home in the crawl sp
on the afterno ac e under
on of the house, leav
September 23, in g debris
2003, and fragments
they discovere a lo ng its
d to path. A total m
their amazemen a ss of 42.5
t that a pounds (19.3 k
meteorite had il o g ra ms)
crashed from the meteo
through their rite
two-story was recovered
house. Neighb fr o m
ors said that the Fausset house
they had heard . The
a terrific three largest fr
noise, and two ag m ents
people had weighed 6.5 pound
actually seen s (2.9
the fireball kilograms), 2.9
when the meteo p o u nds
r hit. The (1.3 kilograms)
meteorite had , a nd 2.2
penetrated pounds (1 kilo
gram).
Quick Check e
Q
A. Vocabulary. Underline the expressions in the sentences
on page 20 that suggest ideas about what probably
2
happened or what something probably is.
B. Comprehension. Answer true or false. Pair Work
1. ___ When the Faussets got home, their roof had Ask and answer about the photos.
been smashed.
2. ___ The crash happened while they were asleep. What might have happened?
3. ___ The Faussets’ neighbors said they hadn’t The driver might have hit a car
heard anything. on the road.
4. ___ The meteorite had left a lot of destruction in
its path. What do you think it is?
5. ___ The largest fragment wasn’t as heavy as a It can’t be a house. It must be an
tennis ball. observatory.
21
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 21 4/6/21 12:58 AM

2 I Wonder What Happened
3 Grammar www.ien.edu.sa
Past Perfect Tense

Use the past perfect tense (had + past participle) to indicate an action that happened before
another action in the past.
When we arrived at the airport, our flight had already left.
They couldn’t get in the house because they had forgotten the key.
Questions (?) Short Answers (+) Short Answers (–)
I I I
you you you
Had he/she been there before? Yes, he/she had. No, he/she hadn’t.
we we we
they they they
Note: The contraction ‘d for had—I’d (I + had), you’d (you + had), and so on—can be used with
the past perfect.
Can’t, Could, Couldn’t, Must, May, or Might

Use can’t, must, may, or might to make suppositions, to speculate about something, and to
draw conclusions.
Use must to say we are sure of something.
Use can’t or couldn’t to say that we think something is impossible.
Use may, might, or could to say that something is possible.
Present Past
It can’t be a balloon. Balloons aren’t It couldn’t have been a balloon. Balloons aren’t
shaped like that. It might be a glider. shaped like that. It might have been a glider.
But gliders don’t fly vertically. But gliders don’t fly vertically.
It must be a helicopter. It must have been a helicopter.
A. Complete the sentences using the verbs in parentheses. Use the simple past and the past perfect forms.
1. I ____________ (feel) much better after I ____________ (see) the results of my test.
2. It had been raining, but by the time we ____________ (arrive), the rain ____________ (stop).
3. Dinosaurs ____________ (be) extinct for millions of years before the first humans
____________ (appear).
4. I ____________ (never, travel) outside my country until I ____________ (go) to Disney World
last summer.
5. We wanted to get a picture of the meteorite, but when we ____________ (arrive), the police
____________ (already, take) it away.
6. No, Your Honor, I ____________ (never, see) that man before the night he ____________ (break into)
my apartment.
22
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 22 4/6/21 12:58 AM

B. Complete the sentences using can’t, must, or might.
1. You haven’t eaten all day. You ____________ be starving.
2. Pat’s joking. She ____________ be serious.
3. Ahmed has been studying all afternoon. He ____________
be tired by now.
4. I’m not sure of the way there. Let’s ask my father.
He ____________ drive us there.
5. I can’t find my keys anywhere. I ____________ have lost them.
6. Who’s at the door? It ____________ be Mariam. She is abroad
with her parents.
C. Look at the pictures, and explain what you think must have
happened, might have happened, and could have happened.
He must have slept late.

He might have forgotten to set his alarm clock.
He could have stayed up late last night.
1 2
3 4
23
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 23 4/6/21 12:58 AM

4 Language in Context www.ien.edu.sa
Look at the picture and imagine what had happened before Mr. and Mrs. Jones got home.
The children had cooked dinner.
5 Listening
A. Listen to the two strange events, and complete the chart. Write the strange events in the What
Happened? column.
What happened? Speculation/possibility
Erika’s house
Fred and Mildred’s ranch
B. Write your own idea about why it happened in the Speculation/Possibility column.
Compare ideas with other students.
6 Pronunciation
Listen. Note the er ending in the following words. Then practice.
crater driver recover water discover
7 About You
In pairs, ask the questions and have your friend answer. Then switch roles.
1. Have you ever seen a meteorite?
2. Have you ever heard or read about unusual incidents that were hard to explain?
3. Have you ever seen a puzzling sight like those on page 20? Talk about your experience.
24
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 24 4/6/21 12:58 AM

8 Conversation
Find and underline examples of er at the end of words
and practice reading the conversation in pairs.
Samir: Excuse me. What’s going on?

Greg: When I got to the park, a crowd had
already gathered around that weird thing
over there.
Samir: Gee! I wonder what it is.
Greg: Beats me! It must have fallen from the sky.
Do you have any idea what it might be?
Samir: Whatever it is, it’s man-made. It looks like
part of a satellite to me.
Greg: Or it might be the remains of a weather
balloon.
Samir: No, it can’t be. I’ve seen weather
balloons before, and that’s not the type of
equipment they have.
Greg: You see those lights flashing? And there’s
a humming sound coming from it. It must
be a communications satellite.
Samir: Or maybe one of those UFOs.
You never know.
Real Talk Your Ending

Excuse me. = a way to start a conversation with a stranger
Gee! = an exclamation to express surprise What does Greg say?
Beats me! = I have no idea! 1 Yeah. We’d better call the police.
You never know. = Anything is possible. 2 It might be a time bomb. Let’s get out of here.
3 I’m going to stick around to see what happens.
About the Conversation 4 Your idea: ___________
1. What had happened before Greg got to the park?
2. What does Samir think the object could be?
3. What does Greg think it might be? *
UFO = Unidentified Flying Object
Your Turn
A. Role-play the conversation with a partner. Speculate about the object found in the park.
B. Imagine you are a reporter. Give a report about what happened at the park.
*FYI: For Your Information

25
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 25 4/6/21 12:58 AM

9 Reading
www.ien.edu.sa
Before Reading
1. Think about the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2030.
How do you think education, healthcare, employment,
culture and business will change?
2. Read the text and highlight the information about:
• education, healthcare, and culture
• business and employment
Compare with your ideas.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is blessed with a the upgrading of services and facilities had
great amount of natural resources and amazing helped to cater for 15 million visitors from its
opportunities for economic growth and development until 2020. These improvements
development. However, the Kingdom’s most will continue to ensure that all pilgrims are well
valuable asset is its Islamic, family-oriented looked after when they visit.
society.
The Economy
The People The Kingdom’s economy will grow and
The Kingdom’s 2030 Vision will provide the expand into new sectors. A dynamic business
support and opportunities that this society environment with upgraded services and
needs in order to develop its potential. The facilities will offer opportunities for investment
members of the Kingdom’s society will enjoy and attract large and small businesses from
a secure and happy life in a secure and different countries.
sustainable environment. They will have social The Kingdom’s geographical position will
support, health care and high quality education. help make it an international trade and
They will be able to raise their children transportation center that connects Europe,
according to Islamic values and help develop Africa, and Asia.
their talents and abilities. Telecommunications and information
Culture and entertainment projects will technology will be updated and made
contribute to the quality of life and celebrate available in urban and rural areas. This will
the nation’s faith, national identity, culture and provide additional access to information and
heritage. Libraries, galleries, and museums employment opportunities for citizens who live
will be established in different areas. Higher in remote areas.
education will address real needs and provide Government services will be streamlined to
the knowledge and training that people need for support the establishment and operation of new
employment and professional development. enterprises in different sectors. The renewed
The Kingdom is honored to welcome and and streamlined business environment will
serve an increasing number of pilgrims and increase opportunities for citizens and attract
visitors, from across the globe, every year. investors from all over the world.
The expansion of the Two Holy Mosques and
* Adapted from the text of the Vision Programs at https://vision2030.gov.sa/en and from the text that was drafted by the
Council of Economic and Development Affairs as instructed by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman.
26
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 26 4/6/21 12:58 AM

After Reading
A. Match the words with the meanings.
1. ___ asset a. of or relating to the country
2. ___ sustainable b. a useful or valuable quality, skill or person
3. ___ upgraded c. replaced by newer, better procedures, equipment, etc.
4. ___ dynamic d. always active, changing, developing
5. ___ urban e. a business organization
6. ___ rural f. lasting, not destroying natural resources
7. ___ remote g. made simpler, more effective and productive
8. ___ streamlined h. far away
9. ___ enterprise i. of or relating to cities or towns
B. Complete the sentences about the reading with your own words.
1. The citizens of the Kingdom will have
2. Higher education will provide
3. In order to cater for 15 million visitors by 2020
4. Upgraded business services and facilities will
5. The Kingdom will become a trade and transportation center that
6. Government services will support
Discussion
1. Imagine life in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2030.
• How old will you be?
• Will you have a family of your own? Where will you live?
• What kind of job will you have?
• What will schools be like?
2. Describe an imaginary family weekend. Think about:
• Places you can visit
• Activities
• People you can meet
• How you can get to places
27
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 27 4/6/21 12:58 AM

10 Writing
www.ien.edu.sa
A. 1. How many remote controls do you have at home? What kind of devices are they used for?
2. Read the article and identify the different stages that remote controls went through.
Years/decade People involved Main characteristics Functions
SECTION A
JOURNAL
THE DAILY READING
WEEK LY EDITION
st time,
ra l radio success. For the fir
the la te 19 30 s, se ve ng er wa tched
remote remote viewers no lo
We tend to think of manuf ac tu re rs of fe re d
programs just be ca us e they
vices. eir more
controls as ‘new’ de contro ls fo r so m e of th
did not want to ge t up to
now take for
However, what we exclu siv e m od els .
change the ch an ne l. Th ey
at work has
granted at home or long The first television remot e co uld also chan ne l su rf during
d ov er a ve ry
been develope 1950. rn the sound
co ntro l was developed in commercials, or tu
time. Bones”, and
ex am pl es of It was called “Lazy isi on
off.
One of th e ea rli es t te d to th e te lev the number
s developed was connec d By the early 2000s,
ote co nt ro l wa . A wi re less an increased
rem
sla, who set by a wire of remote controls
98 by Ni ko la Te so un d re m ot e ber of
in 18 ultra along with the num
a ra di o- co ntrolled then an d in th e
demon str ated
control were de ve lo pe Consumers
du rin g lia ble. electronic devices.
boat to th e pu bl ic
mid-50s but ne ith er wa s re r each device.
ex hibi tio n at needed a remote fo
an ele ct ric al lopment
ua re Ga rd en . In M or e sophisticated telev
ision This led to the deve
Madiso n Sq duced of universal remote controls
do To rr es Qu evedo re m ot e controls were intro
1903, Le on ar da th different
th e Te lek in o at the in th e la te 70s, but they ha that can be used wi
presente d ntrolling
of Sc ien ce. lim ite d number of functio
ns, devices. Imagine co
Paris Ac ad em y next you with the
a ro bo t th at so m et im es as few as three: everything around
It consist ed of d on one single
m an ds tra ns mitted channel, previous channel, an touch of a button
executed co m it wonderful
m ag ne tic wa ve s and vo lu m e/o ff. Remote controls, remote control! Is
by electro of functions, or scary?
was a pioneer in th
e field of with a wider range
al ly la un ch ed in the
e first were fin
remote control. Th immediate
remote-con tro lle d m od el 80s and became an
32 and by
airplane flew in 19
3. Did you find any new information in the article? What did you learn?
4. Read the article again and decide what the focus/topic of each paragraph is.
Work in pairs and compare your answers. Then report in class.
5. Read the last lines of the article. What do you think? Is it wonderful or scary? Why?
28
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 28 4/6/21 12:58 AM

B. 1. Look at the picture of the Kon-Tiki. Does it
remind you of a contemporary sailboat that
you have seen in a picture or in real life?
2. Find out about the Kon-Tiki or choose
another vessel, well-known voyage or
expedition. Use the Internet,
or search for information in your school
library to find out as much information on
your chosen subject as
you can.
3. Make notes in the chart.
4. Use your notes to write a short description
of your vessel, voyage expedition.
A model of the Kon-Tiki, the boat used by

Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl to prove that
pre-Inca people could have sailed from South
America to the islands in the Pacific.
I am researching…
What is it?
Why is it special?
Who was involved in it?
What is the vessel

made of?
Where did the voyage
or expedition take
place?
Was it successful?
Copy the chart in your notebook. Allow plenty of space for your notes.
Writing Corner
When you write a description of an event:
• Research/Collect all the information you need
• Make clear, organized notes that can be read at a glance
• Organize your information in paragraphs, bullet points, charts, etc.
• Use past tenses and passive forms to relate history
• Include your own and/or others’ views on the event
29
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 29 4/6/21 12:58 AM

11 Form, Meaning and Function www.ien.edu.sa
Independent Clauses with And, But, Or, So, and Yet

An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
A meteorite crashed through their two-story house.
Two or more independent clauses can be combined with coordinating conjunction words, such as: and, but, or,
so, and yet. When a sentence includes two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, use a
comma before the coordinating conjunction.
Neighbors said they hear a terrific noise, yet no-one reported it to the police.
Mr. and Mrs. Fausset’s house was destroyed, so they moved.
The Past with Dependent Time Clauses

We can talk about a past event using a time clause with when, as soon as, before, after, while, until, and since.
When the time clause comes before the main clause, use a comma between the two clauses.
When they arrived home, they discovered to their amazement that a meteorite had crashed through the roof.
Expressing Enthusiasm with Intensifiers and Adjectives

Gradable Adjectives Non-Gradable Adjectives
scary terrifying
very good absolutely amazing
really interesting really fascinating
quite small quite tiny
big massive
Note: We can use really with both kinds of adjectives. It means a lot. But when we use quite before a gradable
adjective it means a little. When we use quite before a non-gradable adjective, it means completely.
A. Complete the witness report with the correct form of the verb in the past. Compare with a partner.
Witness Report
While I was walking (1. walk) to work, I (2. hear) a lot of people shouting and then I
heard a very loud crash. Before I heard the crash, I (3. see) lights above me and I
(4. hear) a humming sound. When I (5. arrive) at the park, a really
large crowd already (6. gather) around something which
(7. fell) out of the sky. People (8. be) quite terrified because they
never (9. see) anything like that before. Some people
(10. call) the police and some other people (11. run) away. Before
I saw that the object was man-made, I (12. think) the object was a UFO*. When I saw
that the object was made from metal, I (13. realize) that it (14. be)
probably part of a weather balloon or a satellite.
B. Write an account of an event you have witnessed. Use time clauses, conjunctions, adjectives
and intensifiers. Then tell your story to the class.
*UFO = Unidentified Flying Object

30
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 30 4/6/21 12:58 AM

Conditional Sentences with Present and Future Forms
Use conditional sentences with if to talk about real causes and results. In these cases you can also use
when in place of if.
Present Facts
Use the simple present tense in both clauses.
When a meteoroid enters the earth’s atmosphere, chemical interactions
and gasses cause it to heat up and form a fireball.
Future Facts
Use the simple present in the if-clause and the future with will in the result clause.
If you don’t leave now, you will be late.
May/Might
Use may/might in the result clause to suggest something is possible, but
not certain.
If you see a meteorite falling through the sky, it may be a stony meteorite
or it might be an iron meteorite. The third type of meteorite is a
stony-iron meteorite, but these are very rare.
Express Necessity and Lack of Necessity:

You need to video or photograph the object, if you have a camera phone.
What should I do if I see
something strange in the You have to call an expert to get their opinion.
sky? You don’t need to (needn’t) worry. Strange things fall out of the sky on a
regular basis all around the world!
C. Complete the sentences. Use the simple present tense and will, may or might in the second clause.
1. When you (heat) water to 100 degrees Celsius, it (boil).
2. If they (climb) up to 4,000 meters, they (need) oxygen.
3. If you (see) a “falling star,” it (be) a meteorite.
4. If we (get) this HD television, we (see) the game better.
5. When you (mix) flour and water, you (end up) with batter.
D. Read a college professor’s notes on what to do

if you find a meteorite. Write his advice in full What should you
do if
sentences using modals to express necessity photograph the ro you find a meteorite?
or lack of necessity. ck
describe the exac
t lo
If you think you have found a meteorite, measure the rock cation
if
you must photograph it. report the find to possible
the Meteoritical In
don’t panic — it’s st
very common for itute
from outer space rocks to fall
onto Earth
31
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 31 4/6/21 12:58 AM

12 Project
www.ien.edu.sa
1. Work in groups. Research and find information about meteorites that landed on Earth. Use the Internet, your
school library, or other sources.
2. Choose one of the meteorite incidents and complete the chart with the information in note-form. Select
pictures/photos.
3. Use your notes and pictures/photos to prepare a poster presentation.
4. Design and make your poster. Then share the information and stages of the presentation.
5. Present your poster in class.
The meteorite we are going to talk about

Where we found the answers
Questions we need to Answers we found to the
(website URL, book name and
find answers to questions
page number, etc.)
When did it happen?
Where did it happen?
How big was it?
What was damaged or

destroyed?
Were any people hurt? If
yes, how many?
What did some people
say?
32
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 32 4/6/21 12:58 AM

13 Self Reflection

talk about events that happened in the past
before others
speculate about facts and events
use the past perfect tense in the affirmative and
negative and in questions and short answers
use can’t, could, couldn’t, must, may, or might
Independent clauses with: and, but, so and yet
The past with dependent time clauses
Conditional sentences with present and future
forms
Expressing enthusiasm with intensifiers and adjectives
Express necessity and lack of necessity


from the unit again
33
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 33 4/6/21 12:58 AM

3 If It Hadn’t Happened www.ien.edu.sa

1. Look at the pictures and write as many words as you can think of for each.
2. Read each paragraph and underline the words that name something in the
picture.
Looking Back
Inventions and Discoveries That Changed History
We often wonder if things might or could have been different.
Would the world be a better place? What are the advantages or
disadvantages of different inventions? Electricity
If electricity hadn’t been
discovered, people would
probably still be using candles
or gaslights. Thomas Edison
developed the first incandescent
electric light bulb in 1879.
The Wheel
If the Sumerians hadn’t invented
the wheel in 5000 B.C.E., they
couldn’t have moved heavy
loads. Six thousand years later,
the Mayans and Incans in the
Americas used the round shape in
their architecture, but they had no Oil Penicillin
wheels. If people hadn’t discovered a If Dr. Alexander Fleming hadn’t
lot of sources of oil, cars that discovered penicillin in 1928,
run on gasoline wouldn’t have millions of people would have
become so common. The first died from infections. However,
commercial oil well drilled the widespread use of penicillin
in North America was in Oil as an antibiotic did not begin
Springs, Ontario, Canada in until the 1940s, during World
1858. War II.
Airplanes
If the Wright brothers hadn’t
invented the first successful Computers
airplane, people might still be If we didn’t have computers, a
traveling long distances on ships, lot of work would still be done
and there wouldn’t be as much with paper and pencil, and
contact among people on different people in their homes wouldn’t
continents. The Wright brothers be able to be in contact with the
first flew in an engine-propelled entire world. The first PC was
plane in 1903. introduced by IBM in 1981.
34
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 34 4/6/21 12:58 AM

Life’s Regrets
At one time or another, we all look back and wish we
had done things differently in our lives. The following
are some typical situations. Mark the ones you’ve said I wish I’d been a better student.
I should have listened to my
or done. Discuss with a partner. mother and gone to college.
1. If I’d studied harder, I would have passed I could have had an office job.
that test.
2. I should have said what I thought about her
hairstyle, but I didn’t want to hurt her feelings.
3. I should have bought that thing last year; now
prices have gone up.
4. If I had been more careful, I would have avoided
the accident.
5. I should have told the security guard that I saw
someone breaking the lock.
6. If I’d known the trip was going to take so long,
I would have taken another route.
7. Other after-thoughts?
Quick Check e
Q 2 Pair Work
A. Vocabulary. Match to form new words
and expressions. A. Ask and answer.
What is your biggest regret?
1. oil ___ a. guard
I should have been a more
2. heavy ___ b. style
serious student.
3. hair ___ c. load
4. electric ___ d. bulb What would have happened if
5. security ___ e. well the Sumerians hadn’t invented
the wheel?
B. Comprehension. Answer true or false.
They wouldn’t have been able
1. ____ The Sumerians couldn’t have carried heavy to move heavy loads.
loads without the wheel.
2. ____ If it weren’t for Fleming, many people would What would you have done if
have died from infections. you’d seen the thief?
3. ____ If it hadn’t been for candles, there wouldn’t I would have called the police
be any electricity. immediately.
4. ____ People would still be traveling on ships if it B. If you could go back and do things
weren’t for airplanes. over, what mistakes would you try
5. ____ The man who is unloading the truck should to avoid? Write down a list and
have studied harder. compare with a partner.
35
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 35 4/6/21 12:58 AM

3 If It Hadn’t Happened
3
www.ien.edu.sa
Grammar
Should Have + Past Participle

Use should have + past participle to talk about regrets. Use this form to talk about things you wish
you had done or hadn’t done.
I should have said I was sorry. (… but I didn’t say I was sorry)
I shouldn’t have done that. (… but I did that)
Conditional Sentences: Hypothetical Situations in the Past

Use if + past perfect + would have + past participle to talk about things that didn’t happen in the past and
had a result in the past or to talk about things you would have done differently.
If I hadn’t found my book, I would have been in trouble. (I found my book, so I wasn’t in trouble.)
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. (I didn’t study hard, so I didn’t pass the exam.)
Use if + past perfect + would + (not) base verb/be + -ing to talk about things that didn’t happen in the past
and have a result in the present.
If I hadn’t learned English, I wouldn’t understand you. (I learned English, so I understand you.)
If we had won, we would be celebrating. (We didn’t win, so we aren’t celebrating.)
Note: I’d = I + had or I + would
If I’d (= I had) been more careful, I’d (= I would) have avoided the accident.
If with Could and Might

Use if and could/might + past perfect to talk about possibilities and missed opportunities.
If I had gotten a job last summer, I could have saved more money.
If she had left work earlier, she might have avoided traffic.
A. Read the situations, and make sentences using should have/shouldn’t have.
1. Jan lent April some money, but she never paid her back.
2. Brad forgot his key, so he broke the window to get into the house.
3. Rita didn’t feel well, but she didn’t want to go to the doctor.
4. Emilio was upset because they didn’t ask him to go out with them.
5. We went to Gino’s Restaurant, but the food wasn’t good.
6. Mr. Johnson missed a really important meeting last night.
3
1 2 4
6
B. Now tell the class what you would have done in the situations in exercise A.
If I’d been April’s friend, I would have asked her for my money.
36
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 36 4/6/21 12:58 AM

C. Match the two parts of the sentences.
1. If I had known it was going to rain, ___ a. I would have told them not to buy that TV set.
2. If they had asked me for advice, ___ b. they wouldn’t be in so much trouble now.
3. If I had had enough money, ___ c. their team wouldn’t have won the game.
4. If you had been home, ___ d. I would be taking it again.
5. If they had told the truth, ___ e. I would have taken an umbrella.
6. If I hadn’t passed the test, ___ f. I would have visited you.
7. If the referee hadn’t made a bad call, ___ g. I would have bought a plane ticket.
D. Now use the first part of the sentences in exercise C and add your own endings.
Compare your answers with a partner.
E. Work with a partner. What would, could, or might you have said or done in the
following situations? Compare your ideas with other pairs.
2
1
3
1. It was late at night when Ken remembered he hadn’t taken the garbage out. He was already in his
pajamas, but he wasn’t going to get dressed again just for that. So he went outside quickly, threw the
bags into the trash can, and rushed back to the house. When he got to the front door, he realized he had
locked himself out. He was busy trying to break into the house when a police officer saw him.
2. You saw an old friend at the airport that you hadn’t seen in years. You went up to him or her, greeted the
person, and started talking about old times. Suddenly you realized that you had made a mistake.
3. Salim borrowed his friend’s car and dented it. Ηe returned it, but he didn’t say anything about it. The
following day, when they went out, his friend noticed the dent and thought that someone in the parking
lot had bumped into his car.
4. It was a special occasion, and you wanted to celebrate. You invited a friend to go out to a fancy
restaurant. The meal was wonderful, and you enjoyed the evening. When the waiter brought the check,
you realized you had forgotten your wallet at home.
37
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 37 4/6/21 12:58 AM

4
www.ien.edu.sa
Language in Context
The following talks about a message that was found in a bottle. Imagine you found the message.
Discuss with a partner what you would have thought if you had found the bottle and what you
would have done with the money.
In 1949, Jack Wurm, an unemployed man,

was walking aimlessly on a California
beach when he came across a bottle that
had floated onto the beach. In it was
a piece of paper with this message:
“To avoid confusion, I leave my entire
estate to the lucky person who finds
this bottle and to my attorney, Barry
Cohen, share and share alike. Daisy
Alexander, June 20, 1937.” It was not
a hoax. Mr. Wurm received over
$6 million from Daisy
Alexander’s estate.
5 Listening
Listen to the people on the radio show, and complete the chart.
Name Regret Reason
J. Springfield
Saeed
6 Pronunciation 7 About You

A. Listen. Note the reduction of could have, should In pairs, ask the questions and have your friend
have, and would have. Then practice. answer. Then switch roles.
I could have traveled. 1. What mistakes have you made in your life?
He should have studied harder. 2. What things do you regret having done
He would have been really happy. in your life? What do you regret not
having done?
B. Find and underline examples of could have, should 3. Talk about the best or worst thing that has
have, and would have in Life’s Regrets on page 35. ever happened to you.
Practice reading the sentences aloud. 4. Have you ever been in an embarrassing
situation or a predicament? Talk about it.
38
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 38 4/6/21 12:58 AM

8 Conversation
Read the conversation. Find and underline
examples of could have, should have, and would
have. Practice reading the conversation in pairs.
Faisal: So do you have any regrets about

things in your life?
Ibrahim: You mean, things I should or shouldn’t
have done? Yeah. I guess there are a
few. How about you?
Faisal: I wish I had done things differently.
I missed some good opportunities
because I was too immature. I should
have listened to my parents. They
wanted me to go to college, and I
actually had the grades, but I wanted to go get a job and go out into the
world.
Ibrahim: Well, you did very well for yourself. You have your own business, and you
don’t have a boss breathing down your neck.
Faisal: But I have lots of responsibilities. I wish I’d taken a course in business
management. Now I have to employ someone to do the work I could be
doing.
Ibrahim: Well, it’s never too late. You can still go back to school. As for me, I got
my master’s degree, and I had my mind set on a career. But then I got
married and had children.
Faisal: So you had to choose between the job and family?
Ibrahim: No, I work hard and I am able to take care of my family.
Real Talk
You mean = an expression used to confirm what someone else has said
go out into the world = start to be on one’s own and independent
breathing down someone’s neck = constantly checking
As for (me) = an expression used to introduce a new subject/topic
have one’s mind set on something = be firmly decided

1. List Faisal’s regrets. Role-play with a partner. Pretend you are talking to
_____________________________________ Faisal or Ibrahim. Talk about the things you would
_____________________________________ have done differently.
_____________________________________
2. In your own words, write about Ibrahim’s life.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
39
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 39 4/6/21 12:58 AM

9 Reading www.ien.edu.sa
Before Reading
1. Do you ever read advice columns in newspapers and magazines?
2. What kind of help do they give?
PAGE 28 THE DAILY READING JOURNAL TUESDAY
MARIO’S
ADVICE COLUMN
Dear Mario, him some more money I got back. He told me
I am writing to tell you a because we decided to that he never wanted to
story. It’s too late for you eat at a pizza restaurant. have anything to do with
to tell me what to do now, The total, including the me again. He said I had
but maybe you could tell DVD, came to $25. I don’t embarrassed him at the
me what I should have mind helping out a friend, shop and that I shouldn’t
done. Your advice might if I can, so I didn’t thinkhave asked him for the
be useful to others in much of it. money in public. He
similar situations. Last week, we were at the thought I had done it on
My best friend borrowed mall and I needed to buy purpose because I didn’t
some money from me some shoes. They were trust him.
when we were out rather expensive and I I am really devastated.
shopping at the mall, two asked him if he could give I’ve lost my best friend
weeks ago. I was happy me some of the money I over $25. What do you
to let him have it, as I had loaned him. He gave think I should have done?
had saved my allowance me a very funny look, Should I have just not
over a few weeks and threw a twenty-dollar bill said anything? Would that
had more than I needed. at me, and walked away. have been the right thing
He wanted to buy a I was really upset. So, I to do?
DVD. Then later I loaned decided to call him when –A Confused Friend
40
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 40 4/6/21 12:58 AM

MARIO’S
ADVICE COLUMN
Dear Mario, The man’s gold and took out a ten-dollar bill,
I’m a limo driver, and diamond pocket watch and gave it to me. I refused,
people leave all kinds of must have fallen out of but he insisted. Ten bucks!
things in my limousine— his pocket, and it slipped Can you believe it?
scarves, packages, and behind the seat.
I should have kept the
even shoes. Last Saturday So I called the hotel where watch. Since then I’ve been
night I picked up this the man was staying, thinking of what I could
wealthy man at his hotel explained what had have done with the money.
and drove him to a happened, and arranged to I could have bought my
prestigious charity awards return the watch. The man own limousine or started
ceremony. The man must was extremely grateful. my own business.
have been a millionaire, He told me that it was a
judging by the way he was valuable family heirloom, Did I do the right thing?
dressed. The next day, given to him by his
when I was cleaning the —Honest But
grandfather, and he went Wondering Why
inside of the car, I noticed on to praise my honesty.
something shining. Then he opened his wallet,
After Reading
Answer the questions about the letters.
1. What happened at the mall two weeks ago?
2. What does the letter writer wish he hadn’t
done?
3. What did the limo driver find?
4. What did he do?
5. What does the limo driver think he should
have done?
Discussion
1. What should the writer’s friend have done?
2. What should the limo passenger have done?
3. Discuss the most common problems that
people write about to advice columns or to
help sites on the Internet.
4. Discuss whether advice from advice columns
is really helpful or not.
41
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 41 4/6/21 12:58 AM

10 Writing
www.ien.edu.sa
A. 1. Do you like sharing things with your friends? Why? Why not?
2. Read the advice column and answer the questions.
• Why was Sabah sad?
• What happened with her friend? Why?
• What is the column writer’s advice?
3. Do you agree with the column writer? Why? Why not?
4. What would you have done if your friend had wanted to
borrow something new that belonged to you?
Ask Mariam
Friendship is more important

Dear Sabah,
You say you do not like sharing your
I am sorry you feel so sad about things with people because they
falling out with your best friend. might damage them. You could have
I understand that she wanted to asked her to be careful with your
borrow your new bag before you had bag. The point is, however, to put
the chance to use it yourself. But as things into perspective. What is more
you say, she was invited to a wedding valuable to you, your friend or your
and she could not buy a new bag. new bag?
I understand that it is difficult, maybe I would call and say I am sorry. I am

even unfair, to let someone else use sure she will understand and if she
something that you have just bought has not already been to the wedding,
or been given. But surely, friendship offer her the bag. You will both be
is more important, even if it requires happier.
some sacrifices. So I am afraid I
will agree with what you think, you I hope it all works out.
should have let her borrow the bag.
She would have been happy and –Mariam
grateful to you and you would still be
on good terms with your friend.
5. Read the advice again. Notice the first part of each paragraph. Why do you think the
writer has chosen to address the issue in this manner? What is the effect? Is the letter
reprimanding or friendly? How would you feel if you were Sabah?
42
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 42 4/6/21 12:58 AM

B. 1. Choose one of the letters in the unit to write an answer to.
2. Read the letter again and make notes in the organizer. Include
notes with our own advice.
3. Be the advice column writer and write the answer.
4. Exchange letters in class.
Letter from:
What happened 1 What happened 2 What happened 3 What happened 4
Your advice Your advice Your advice Your advice
Writing Corner
When you write a letter of advice:
• Get all the facts and refer to them/summarize them in your letter
• Think about different viewpoints/sides
• Do not be judgmental or patronizing
• Be understanding but do not lie
• Suggest rather than tell people what to do
43
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 43 4/6/21 12:58 AM

11 Form, Meaning and Function

www.ien.edu.sa
Present Perfect Tense versus Simple Past

Use the present perfect to talk about an action that happened in the past when the exact time isn’t
known or important. Use the past tense when the exact time is given.
A: Have they discovered life on another planet yet? A: When did IBM introduce the first PC?
B: Yes, they have. B: It was introduced in 1981.
Time Expressions: Ago, For and Since

Use the simple past tense when the exact time is given: yesterday, two days ago, last week/month/year. Use the
present perfect simple tense with for to indicate the duration of the action: for two months, for a year, for a long time.
Use the present perfect simple with since to indicate when the action began: since yesterday, since last June.
Simple Past Present Perfect
In 1908, a small asteroid exploded over Siberia. He has worked as a scientist for many years.
We moved to Muscat three years ago. We have lived in Muscat since May.
She didn’t call her mother last night. We haven’t used our car for a long time.
A. Work with a partner. Write sentences about the inventions.
Invention Date Invention Date

credit card 1951 electric lightbulb 1879
canned food the early 1800s film making 1895
wristwatch 1910 paper clip the 1890s
radio 1901 airplane 1903
toothpaste 1841 ballpoint pen 1888
People have had credit cards since 1951 / for about 70 years. (have)
1. (eat) 6. (watch)
2. (wear) 7. (use)
3. (listen) 8. (travel)
4. (use) 9. (use)
5. (have)
B. Have you used any of the inventions in exercise A? How long have you used them? Ask and answer
questions with a partner. Add other inventions.
A: Have you ever been on a plane?
B: Yes, I have. I traveled by plane when I went on vacation last summer.
A: Do you have a credit card?
B: Yes, I’ve had a credit card for two years. OR I’ve had one since I was 18.
44
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 44 4/6/21 12:58 AM

Expressing Ability, Permission and Requests
Ability
Use can to express ability in the present.
Can the robot do my homework for me? No, it can’t. You can do it yourself!
Use could to express ability in the past.
Could people travel long distances before the airplane was invented? Yes, they could. They traveled by ship.
Permission Could you fill in
Use may and can to express permission. this form?
May I leave early today? Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
Can I have another soda? Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
Requests
Use can and could to make polite requests. Could is more formal.
Could you fill in this form, please? Yes, of course.
Can you help me? Sure. / Not now. I’m busy.
Could you open the window? Certainly. / Sorry, I can’t.
If with Past Perfect and Would Be Able/Would Have Been Able

Use if + past perfect and be able to talk about ability and missed opportunities.
If I had studied computer science, I would be able to invent a cutting-edge robot. (present ability)
If Dr. Fleming had discovered penicillin sooner, doctors would have been able to save more lives during
World War I. (past ability)
C. Complete the sentences with can, could and may and the verb in parentheses.
1. Ahmed, ______ you ______ (help) me with this box, please?
2. Excuse me, may I open the window? Yes, you ______ .
3. We ____________ (not/meet) tomorrow afternoon. I’m going to the dentist.
4. Mr. Sawyer ____________ (not/see) you now. I’m afraid he’s very busy.
5. ______ you ______ (swim) when you were a child? No, I couldn’t.
6. Imad ____________ (stay) very long. His friends are waiting for him.
D. Work with a partner. Talk about some past inventions and speculate what
we would not be able to do now or in the past if things had been different.
Use if + past perfect + be able.
If Alexander Bell had never invented the telephone, we would not be able to...
If the wheel had not been invented, we wouldn’t have been able to...
45
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 45 4/6/21 12:58 AM

12 Project
www.ien.edu.sa
1. Do a class survey.
2. Find out what the most common regrets are.
Ask your classmates and make notes in the
chart.
3. Repeat the survey with people outside class.
Ask questions and make notes in the chart.
4. Compare the results of the two surveys.
Survey question:
Do you have any regrets? What do you regret most?
What do you wish you had or had not done?
Students inside the classroom People outside the classroom
Name of the student What they regret Name of the person What they regret
The most common regret in class is:
The most common regret outside of class is:
The most common regret is:
46
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 46 4/6/21 12:58 AM

13 Self Reflection

talk about discoveries and inventions and how
things would have been different without them
talk about missed opportunities and regrets
use should have + past participle

use conditional sentences for hypothetical
situations in the past
use if with could and might
use the present perfect and past simple with: ago, for,
since
use if + past perfect + be able to
express ability, permission and requests


from the unit again
47
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 47 4/6/21 12:58 AM

4 What They Said And now we would like to bring
you the news of the day.
www.ien.edu.sa

Read what each person said and how it is reported.
Examine the differences.
I will build a sports complex, and

I will not raise taxes.
The candidate for mayor said he would build a

sports complex, and he would not raise taxes.
The on-the-scene reporter said that the

powerful storm the night before had
knocked down many trees, and some
areas of the city were still without power.
The powerful storm last night knocked down many trees,

and some areas of the city are still without power.
According to recent studies, pomegranate juice is

healthy because it lowers blood pressure, and pumpkin
seeds seem to improve memory.
The doctor said that, according to recent studies,

pomegranate juice was healthy because it
lowered blood pressure, and pumpkin seeds
seemed to improve memory.
48
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 48 4/6/21 12:58 AM

Professor Marvin, does intelligent life
exist elsewhere in the universe?
The interviewer asked the professor if intelligent life

existed elsewhere in the universe. The professor
answered that there wasn’t intelligent life elsewhere in
the universe. He said that the positive proof was that no
other life form had bothered to make contact with us.
Mr. Hollyfield, can you tell us

about the results of the exam?
They scanned my head

and found nothing.
No, there isn’t intelligent life

elsewhere in the universe. The positive
proof is that no other life form has
bothered to make contact with us.
The interviewer asked Mr. Hollyfield, the

famous TV presenter, if he could tell us
about the results of his exam. He replied
that the doctors had scanned his head and
had found nothing.
Quick Check e
Q 2 Pair Work
A. Vocabulary. Match the words and the meanings. Find sentences that are reported in
the texts you read. Make questions for
1. ____ proof a. make the effort
those reports and ask them to your
2. ____ candidate b. get an image with a computer
friend. See the example below.
3. ____ scan c. evidence
4. ____ bother d. person trying to be elected What did the reporter ask
the professor?
B. Comprehension. Answer true or false.
He asked him if there was
1. ____ The candidate said that he wouldn’t raise taxes. intelligent life elsewhere in
2. ____ The doctor said that pumpkin seeds helped the universe.
fight cancer.
3. ____ The professor said that there was no life on other
planets because no one had contacted us.
4. ____ Mr. Hollyfield told the interviewer that the doctors
hadn’t found anything wrong with him.
49
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 49 4/6/21 12:58 AM

4 What They Said
3 Grammar
www.ien.edu.sa
Reported Speech
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Simple Present Simple Past
“I have a brother and a sister.” He said (that) he had a brother and a sister.
“I don’t like mangoes.” She said (that) she didn’t like mangoes.
Present Progressive Past Progressive
“I’m talking to Mary.” She said she was talking to Mary.
Simple Past Past Perfect
“I learned English in Canada.” He said he had learned English in Canada.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
“I haven’t seen the film yet.” She said she hadn’t seen the film yet.
Modals
“I’ll see you later.” She said she would see them later.
“I can’t come to the meeting.” He said he couldn’t come to the meeting.
“I have to/must go to the doctor.” She said she had to go to the doctor.
“We may be late.” I said that we might be late.
Note: The word that may be omitted after said.
Reported Questions
How old are you? He asked how old I was.
Where were you last night? She wanted to know where we had been the night before.
Note: If there is no question word (how, where, when, etc.), if is used.
Are you a student? He asked if Tom was a student.
Did you enjoy the dinner party? She asked if they had enjoyed the dinner party.
Word Changes in Reported Speech

In reported speech, some words may be different from those in the original sentence.
“I did my homework already.” Todd said that he had done his homework already.
“The plane is arriving now.” Mary said that the plane was arriving then/at that time.
Note: The following time expressions change in reported speech.
now at that time tomorrow the day after/the next day
today (on) that day yesterday the day before
Reporting Verbs
A variety of verbs with different shades of meaning can be used in place of say.
“Yes, it’s a good idea.” My friend agreed it was a good idea.
“Of course, I did my homework.” Tom assured the teacher that he had done his homework.
An indirect object is always used after tell.
He told me that he had studied English in the States.
50
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 50 4/6/21 12:58 AM

A. These messages were left on the family’s answering machine. You have reached
Report what the people said. 789-555-6543. Please leave
Ahmed asked Adel if he was going to the gym that day. a message after the beep.
1. Hello, Asma. I may work late tonight.

I have to finish a report.
2. Majid, this is Fahad. The game starts at eight. Adel, it’s Ahmed.
I’ll pick you up at seven. Are you going to
3. Yahya, this is Ali. What is the math the gym today?
assignment for tomorrow?
4. Noura, this is Maha. We had a wonderful
time in Abu Dhabi with our family.
I’m going to come by your house
sometime to show you the video.
5. Adel, it’s Hussain. Is the game still on
for tonight?
B. Hameed took a message for his brother

Abdullah.
1. Complete what he wrote down,
using the correct form of the verbs.
2. Then write the possible telephone
conversation between Hameed and
Abdullah’s friend, Saeed.
Hi Bro,
That friend of yours, Saeed, (1. call) this morning. He asked where you
(2. be) and why you (3. not call) him last night. He said he
(4. leave) a message on your cell phone yesterday afternoon.
I (5. tell) him it (6. not be) any of my business what you did.
I think he felt bad. He apologized, and I told him it (7. be) OK. Anyway, he
asked me to tell you that he (8. have) a surprise for you and that he
(9. will come) to our house at five o’clock tonight. He also said you should
wear something warm because he (10. will take) you to a mountainous place.
He said that he (1 1. cannot call) you during the day because he
had to work.
Your brother,
Hameed
C. Look at the examples on page 50 again. Read and mark how each pair of sentences is different.
1. Which words change in the second sentences?
2. What is different in the meaning of the second sentences?
51
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 51 4/6/21 12:58 AM

4 What They Said
4 Language in Context
www.ien.edu.sa
Read what each person said and how it was reported. Write some sentences about global
issues and have a partner report them to the class.
Al Gore, on global warming —Al Gore said that there were many who still did
“There are many who still do not believe not believe that global warming was a problem.
that global warming is a problem at all. He continued by saying that it was no wonder:
And it’s no wonder: because they are the because they were the targets of a massive and
targets of a massive and well-organized well-organized campaign of disinformation.
campaign of disinformation lavishly
funded by polluters…”
Japanese Fishing Industry

to the media
“We’re fishing whales for research purposes.”
— The Japanese Fishing Industry

assured the media that
they were f ishing whales for
research purposes.
5 Listening 6 Pronunciation
The presidential candidate made three A. Listen. Note the difference in the pronunciation of that.
mistakes during his speech. What did he Then practice.
say that was wrong? Listen and write them
down. Unstressed that Stressed that
(used as a pronoun)
1. ______________________________
______________________________ He said that he would help. He didn’t say that.
2. ______________________________
My friends said that the Why did they say that?
______________________________
football game was at ten.
3. ______________________________
______________________________ B. Find all the sentences that have the word that. Read the
sentences aloud stressing the right one.
7 About You
In pairs, ask the questions and have your friend answer. Then switch roles.
1. Have you ever made a mistake and said something 4. What kinds of messages do you receive or leave
you shouldn’t have said? What did you say? on friends’ answering machines or cell phones?
2. What was one of the most interesting quotes or 5. Do you and your friends gossip about other people?
sayings that you heard? 6. Have you ever had a telemarketing person call you?
3. Are there any sayings that are specific to your country What did he/she want to sell? What did he/she
or culture? Which ones do you like or think say? What did you answer?
are memorable?
52
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 52 4/6/21 12:58 AM

8 Conversation
Underline that in the conversation.
Practice reading the conversation with a partner.
Faisal: I really think that telemarketing shouldn’t be
allowed.
Khaled: Yes, I totally agree with you. Telemarketers
are a real nuisance.
Faisal: Yesterday a man called me up. He said he
was from the Dollar Bank, and he asked if
he could talk to me for a minute.
Khaled: What did he want?
Faisal: He said that someone had given them my name and that
he was calling to offer their services.
Khaled: What services?
Faisal: He tried to persuade me to open an account with them.
So I told him I already had an account elsewhere and that
I wasn’t interested. But he insisted and was very pushy. In
the end, I lost my patience and hung up.
Khaled: Well, I got a call from a man who said he was from a
travel agency. This man said I had won a free trip to the
Bahamas and that he was calling me to give me the good
news.
Faisal: Had you entered a contest or anything like that?
Khaled: No. It turned out that everything was for free, but I’d first have to pay a huge amount of
money to become a member of the Jet Set Club. Big hoax!
Faisal: I hate that!
Real Talk
really/totally = used to make a statement stronger
In the end = used to introduce a statement with the final event or result
or anything like that = or other similar things; used so that the speaker doesn’t have to
give a complete list or explain things in more detail
hoax = a plan that is designed to trick someone else

1. What are Faisal and Khaled complaining about? Role-play the following conversations
2. What did the man on the phone with Faisal want? with a partner:
3. What did Faisal do? 1. The one that might have taken place
4. Why did the man call Khaled? between Faisal and the man on
5. What would Khaled have to do in order to go to the phone.
the Bahamas? 2. The one between Khaled and the man
on the phone.
53
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 53 4/6/21 12:58 AM

4 What They Said
9 Reading
www.ien.edu.sa
Do you know any famous quotes? Write them down,

and compare with a partner.
Quotes, Quotes
“My primary goal is to be an
exemplary and leading nation in all
aspects, and I will work with you in
achieving this endeavor.”
King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Custodian of
the Two Holy Mosques)
“640K ought to be
enough for anybody.”
Bill Gates (Founder of
Microsoft) in 1981, talking
about computer memory “Half the world is composed of people
who have something to say and can’t and
the other half who have nothing to say
and keep on saying it.”
Robert Frost (American poet)
“It is a terrible
thing to see and
have no vision.”
Helen Keller (American
author, activist, and “Never let formal education
lecturer. She was the first get in the way of your
deaf and blind person to learning.”
graduate from college.)
Mark Twain (Writer)
“Who is wise? He that learns from

everyone. Who is powerful? He that “How could anyone govern
governs his passions. Who is rich? He a nation that has 246
that is content. Who is that? Nobody.” different kinds of cheese?”
Benjamin Franklin (American writer, politician, Charles de Gaulle (French president)
scientist, and inventor)
54
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 54 4/6/21 12:58 AM

An archaeologist is the best
husband a woman can have. “Wise men talk because they
The older she gets, the more have something to say; fools
interested he is in her. talk because they have to say
Agatha Christie (Writer) something.”
Plato (Greek philosopher)
“Make yourself necessary

to somebody.”
“I’m not afraid to die. I just
Ralph Waldo Emerson (American writer) don’t want to be there when
it happens.”
Woody Allen (American director)
“Everything that can be
invented has
been invented.”
Attributed to Charles H. Duell
“Those who do not
(Commissioner, U.S. Office of complain are never pitied.”
Patents), 1899 Jane Austen (Writer)
After Reading
A. Answer true or false.
1. ____ Robert Frost said half the people in the world don’t say what they want to say.
2. ____ Gates believed that more than 640K memory was unnecessary.
3. ____ Jane Austen thought that people had no sympathy for those who complain.
4. ____ Mark Twain said that people shouldn’t let formal education stop them from learning.
5. ____ De Gaulle thought that it was easy to govern France because people wanted the same thing.
6. ____ Helen Keller said that having no insight or understanding was worse than being blind.
B. Report what they said. Use your own words.

1. Emerson about people: ___________________________________________________________
2. Plato about fools: ________________________________________________________________
3. Woody Allen about death: _________________________________________________________
4. Charles Duell about inventions: _____________________________________________________
Discussion
1. Which quote or quotes do you like the best? Why?
2. Which quotes do you find humorous? Explain why.
3. What famous quotes do you know? Who said them and what do they mean?
55
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 55 4/6/21 12:58 AM

4 What They Said
10 Writing
www.ien.edu.sa
A. 1. Look at the scene in the picture. Who do you think these people are? How are they feeling?
2. Read the text and answer the questions.
• Why did she call her brother?
• What was he doing when she called? Was he pleased?
• What was the problem? What had she already done about it?
• How did he react to the news?
She called her brother at work. She knew

he didn’t like to be interrupted but she
didn’t know what else to do. Their mother’s
everything was under control. He asked her
condition was deteriorating.
to wait for a minute while he took care of
He sounded annoyed when he answered something. She heard him speak to some
the phone; he was probably in the middle people, probably clients. She heard the
of a meeting. She apologized and stressed words “family emergency” and “health”
that she wouldn’t have called if she hadn’t and realized he was excusing himself.
thought it was urgent. His tone changed Then there was some noise of chairs
instantly. He asked her what was happening being pulled, people moving, and a door
and if everything was all right. He wanted opening and then closing. He came back
to know if the doctor had been notified and explained that he had had to interrupt
and when he would be coming to see their the meeting and reschedule it for another
mother. He sounded very stressed and day. She thanked him for having done that
worried. and before she had a chance to ask, he
She tried to reassure him by telling him interrupted and asked her to hang up so
that the nurse was at home looking after he could be on his way home as soon as
their mother and their aunt and that possible.
56
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 56 4/6/21 12:58 AM

3. Read the text on page 56 and make notes in the chart on what has happened. Compare with
a partner.
Who is the
patient?
Where is the
patient?
What happened
to the patient?
Who is looking
after the patient?
Who is with the

patient now?
4. Read the information on the hospital website below:
Address:
Well Hospital Well Hospital, 200 North Avenue

NY 12345
How to find us: Parking:

Head southwest on Bloom Street toward Main Ave Well Hospital has an
Turn left onto Main Ave underground ramp garage
Take the 2nd right onto Hinsdown Street adjacent to the hospital. It is
Continue on Hinsdown Street for 3.1 miles toward North Ave open 24 hours a day, 7 days
Enter the hospital grounds from North Avenue and take the a week. Rates are charged
first right for the emergency entrance on an hourly and daily basis.
Patients can be dropped off at the door Purchase an exit ticket from
the cashier before you leave.
B. Write an email to your uncle and aunt. Tell them what has happened and give them directions on how to
reach the hospital.
Writing Corner
When you write an email to report an event and give information or directions:
• check facts/content and report accurately.
• write as if you were speaking to the person, i.e. use contracted forms and informal language.
• use imperatives to give directions, for example: Take a ..., Turn ..., Go straight down ... and so on.
• open and sign off in an appropriate way: Hi/Hello/Dear ... Best/ See you soon ... and so on.
57
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 57 4/6/21 12:58 AM

4 What They Said
11 Form, Meaning and Function

www.ien.edu.sa
Words Connected with the Environment and Natural Disasters

Some words that we commonly use when we talk about environmental problems
and natural disasters are:
global warming flood damage
erosion earthquake threaten
air pollution tornado rescue
water pollution tsunami protect
over fishing volcanic eruption hit
deforestation forest fire research
News Reporter: Al Gore said that there were many who still did not believe that global warming was a problem.
The Japanese Fishing industry assured the media that they were fishing whales for research purposes.
The National Weather Service has reported that a tornado will hit the West Coast at 4 p.m. today.
Negative Questions
We can use negative questions to check information
or express surprise.
Isn’t there something we can do?
Aren’t you going to help?
Don’t you want to know what happened?
Haven’t you seen the news?
Didn’t you ask them about the damage?
Weren’t you there to offer support?
A. Interview your partner about a natural disaster they have read about, heard about, or witnessed. Then report
their account to the class. Use some reporting verbs and vocabulary words from above.
1. What happened?
2. When did it happen?
3. Where did it happen?
4. How many people were affected?
5. Your question:
6. Your question:
B. Write negative questions for the following situations.

You just bought a new cell phone. Your friend is still deciding about whether to buy one.
Aren’t you going to buy one too?
1. You recognize an old friend at the mall. The friend doesn’t recognize you.
2. Your friend is eating popcorn and is not offering you any.
3. You are playing a board game. You want your friend to play the game too.
4. Someone came and joined your group, greeted everyone, but forgot you.
5. Classes start at eight o’clock. It’s 8:30, and your brother is still in bed.
58
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 58 4/6/21 12:58 AM

Relative Adverb: Where
That’s the school where I attended as a child. That’s the place where I grew up.
Dubai is the place where I want to go on vacation. Home is where the heart is.
Indirect Questions
Use indirect questions when you ask for information. There is no inversion of the subject and verb in
indirect questions.
Direct Questions Indirect Questions
What’s the name of the street? Do you know what the name of the street is?
Where is the nearest bank? Do you know where the nearest bank is?
When does the store open? Do you know when the store opens?
Where can I get good pizza? Could you tell me where I can get good pizza?
Expressing Agreement with So, Neither, Either, Too

Use so and too when you agree with an affirmative statement.
Use neither and either when you agree with a negative statement.
Affirmative (+) Negative (+)
A: I ate at the new pizza restaurant. A: I don’t know the answer.
B: So did I. / I did too. B: Neither do I. / I don’t either.
A: I will visit my family on the weekend. A: I won’t go to school tomorrow.
B: So will I. / I will too. B: Neither will I. / I won’t either.
Expressing Disagreement
A: I didn’t like the pizza. A: I’ve been to Muscat. A: I can rollerblade. A: I am not very tall.
B: I did. B: I haven’t. B: I can’t. B: I am.
C. Work with a partner. Make indirect questions. Use Do you know…? or Could you tell me…?
What time does the bus arrive? Do you know what time the bus arrives?
1. Where is the main post office? 4. Where is the nearest pharmacy?
2. How often do the buses come? 5. When does the gas station close?
3. What time does the bank open? 6. What is the name of the highway to town?
D. Read the statements below and write your response. Compare with a partner.
I don’t like fast food. Neither do I. (OR I don’t either) I went to Dubai on vacation. So did I. (OR I did too)
I like fast food. I don’t. I don’t like vacations. I do!
1. I can swim.
2. I will play football on the weekend.
3. I have three sisters.
4. I didn’t go to school until I was six years old.
5. I won’t be able to go on vacation this year.
59
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 59 4/6/21 12:58 AM

4 What They Said
12
www.ien.edu.sa
Project
1. Find interesting quotations by famous people in
business, education, science, history, and so on.
2. Make notes in the organizer.
3. Present your findings to the class.
Category The Quote Who said it Explanation of quote
1 Science
2 History
3 Business
4 Education
60
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 60 9/6/21 2:58 PM

13 Self Reflection

report what people said
discuss famous quotes
relate messages
use reporting verbs and ask reported questions
use reported speech and make word changes
form negative questions
use the relative adverb: Where
talk about the environment and natural disasters

express agreement and disagreement with: so,
neither, either, too


from the unit again
61
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 61 4/6/21 12:58 AM

EXPANSION Units 1-4
1 Language Review
A. Rewrite the sentences as conditionals. Follow the example.
We lost the game because we didn’t play well.
If we’d played better, we wouldn’t have lost/we would have won.
1. Khaled had a car accident because he answered his cell phone.
________________________________________________________
2. My mother didn’t know we were coming, so she didn’t make any lunch.
________________________________________________________
3. He didn’t finish his homework because he went to see the football game.
________________________________________________________
4. Ahmed didn’t greet his boss because he didn’t see him.
________________________________________________________
B. Write sentences to speculate about the situations. Use can’t, could, couldn’t, must,
may, or might in your sentences.
You see lights in the sky at night.
They might be the lights of an airplane.
1. You hear a noise in your house early in the morning.
________________________________________________________
2. Your friend passed you by and didn’t say hello.
________________________________________________________
3. Someone rings the doorbell.
________________________________________________________
4. The team looks sad as they are returning home from the baseball game.
________________________________________________________
C. Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
Remember to use the past perfect where necessary.
W hen Detective Malcolm got to his apartment, he

(1. notice) that someone (2. leave) the
door open. He knew that he (3. lock) the door when he went out.
As he entered the living room, he (4. smell) something in the air.
Someone (5. be) there while he was out, and it (6. can’t be)
the cleaning person. It wasn’t his day. He knew at once that someone
(7. break) into his apartment. He (8. move) quietly toward the
bedroom. He (9. hear) the sound of water coming from the bathroom.
Malcolm opened the door and (10. stare) at the man who was lying
in a robe on the floor of the bathroom. Was he dead?
62
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 62 4/6/21 12:58 AM

D. Report what people said.
1. Qassim to Hameed: “I’ll meet you at seven tomorrow.”
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Mr. Jenkins to Mr. Taylor, an employee: “You must arrive on time.”
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Robert to his teacher: “I didn’t catch my usual bus.”
___________________________________________________________________________
4. The customer to the salesperson: “Does this jacket come in a bigger size?”
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Mr. Timms, the witness, to the judge: “I’ve never seen that man before.”
___________________________________________________________________________
6. The captain to the co-pilot: “It may be a falling star.”
___________________________________________________________________________
E. Imagine you make contact

with extraterrestrial beings. How fast can you travel?
Write down five questions
that you would ask and the I asked how fast extraterrestrial beings
ETs’ answers. Report the could travel.
questions and answers to
a partner. They said that extraterrestrial beings could
travel faster than the speed of light.
F. What should the person have done or said in the following situations?
Write your answers and compare them with a partner.
2 4
I forgot the tickets!
63
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 63 4/6/21 12:58 AM

EXPANSION Units 1-4
2 Reading
Before Reading
1. Read the title and write as many words as you can think of
about it.
2. Read the text and underline the main event in each
paragraph.
THE WAR OF
THE WORLDS
1 On October 30, 1938, CBS Radio interrupted a live radio
program to deliver an important announcement. It said that
astronomers had detected blue flames shooting up from the
surface of Mars. The broadcast returned to its program, but it was soon interrupted again. This time the
news said that a strange meteor had fallen on a farm near Grover’s Mill in New Jersey, and then CBS Radio
switched over to continuous live coverage of the eerie scene around the meteor crash.
2 As the event unfolded, the terrified audience discovered that the meteor was actually some kind
of spaceship. The reporter on the scene described the emergence of an alien from the spacecraft.
“Goodness, something’s wriggling out of the shadow like a gray snake,” he said, in an appropriately
dramatic tone of voice. “Now it’s another one, and another. They look like tentacles to me. There, I can see
the thing’s body. It’s as large as a bear, and it glistens like wet leather. But that face. It . . . it’s indescribable.
I can hardly force myself to keep looking at it. The eyes are black and gleam like a serpent. The mouth is
V-shaped with saliva dripping from its rimless lips that seem to quiver and pulsate . . . The thing is rising up.
The crowd falls back. They’ve seen enough. This is the most extraordinary experience. I can’t find words.
I’m pulling this microphone with me as I talk. I’ll have to stop the description until I’ve taken a new position.
Hold on, will you please, I’ll be back in a minute.”
3 The alien Martian crawled back into the crater, but re-emerged
soon afterwards in a gigantic three-legged death machine,
and quickly killed the 7,000 armed soldiers surrounding the
crater. Then it proceeded across the landscape, joined by other
Martians, blasting people and objects with heat rays, while
releasing a poisonous black gas against which gas masks proved
useless.
4 Listeners all over the United States began to panic. People filled
the roads, hid in cellars, loaded guns, and even wrapped their
heads in wet towels as protection from the Martians’ poisonous
gas. People desperately wanted to defend themselves against
aliens. Although the radio broadcast had warned listeners four
times that this was a dramatized version of H.G. Wells’s story, The
War of the Worlds, performed by Orson Welles and the Mercury
Theater, people simply ignored those announcements. However,
by the time the night was over, most people had learned that
they were actually listening to a radio play. The fact is that the
broadcast had reached approximately six million people and had
produced a huge national scare at a time of the growing tension
and anxiety leading up to World War II.
64
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 64 4/6/21 12:58 AM

After Reading
A. Find words in the reading that mean:
1. mysterious and frightening (paragraph 1)
2. creature from another world (paragraph 2)
3. twisting and turning your body like a snake
(paragraph 2)
4. causing an explosion (paragraph 3)
5. to talk about something dangerous that
might happen (paragraph 4)
B. Answer the questions about the reading.

1. What did the broadcast first say about the
meteor? What did the meteor turn out to be?
2. What was the alien like?
3. How did the Martians move on Earth?
4. What weapons did they use?
5. What was the listeners’ reaction?
6. What would you have done if you’d heard the news on the radio?
Discussion
Do you believe there is intelligent life in other galaxies? Write reasons for and against.
Discuss them with your classmates.
3 Project
1. Think about an interesting short story that you have read. Complete the organizer with information from the
short story.
2. Use your completed organizer to give your class a report about the story.
Title of the story: ________________________

Where and when does the story take
Who is in the story?
place?
What happened in the story?
How did the story end?
Why I liked or disliked the story.
65
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 65 4/6/21 12:58 AM

EXPANSION Units 1-4
4 Chant Along
Could You Help
Me Find the
Reason?
son
Could you help me see the rea
Why I work so long and hard?
Could you tell me why I do it?
Why I push myself some more?
rds?
Could you help me find the wo
nk?
Could you tell me what to thi
son
Could you help me see the rea
Why I still can’t get an A?
Chorus
If I had not tried,
I would have shown
That I didn’t care.
They would have seen
My wish was true,
My will was real,
If only I
Had tried harder.
ch better.
I should have done much, mu
spot.
Should have corrected on the
e to help me.
I should have asked someon
ne.
Should not have tried it all alo
trials.
They might have noticed all my
my plea.
They might have listened to
en
Considered all that I’d forsak
er to me.
And handed that A right ov
Chorus
66
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 66 4/6/21 12:58 AM

Vocabulary
Find words and expressions in the chant that mean:
1. to see, realize _______________________
2. immediately _______________________
3. difficulties, tests _______________________
4. request _______________________
5. to renounce or abandon _______________________
Comprehension
A. Answer true or false.
1. ____ The young man is regretful about his past actions.
2. ____ He is not sure about his choices.
3. ____ He knows what he has done wrong.
4. ____ He doesn’t think he should have asked for help.
5. ____ He is not satisfied with his performance.
6. ____ If he’d tried harder, he’d have gotten an A.
B. List three things that the young man says he should have done.
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
Discussion
In a group, tell each other when it is good to forgive, to plead, and to forsake.
5 Writing
1. Think about something you did that upset a friend of yours.
2. Make notes in the organizer. Then use your notes/organizer to write a letter to your friend apologizing for
what you did.
What I should have done/

What I did to my friend My apology
What I shouldn’t have done
67
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 67 4/6/21 12:58 AM

Vocabulary
VOCABULARY
Nouns Verbs Adjectives

button hole signal check broken filthy missing
complaint housing sleeve crash cracked flat scratched
consumer packaging stain dry-clean damaged intact sewn
dent pipe technician purchase dead leaky stained
doorknob refund warranty refrain (from –ing) dripping loose torn
engine repair windowpane repaint faded loose-fitting
fabric retail outlet repair
faucet screen sew
sharpen
EXPRESSIONS
Idiom Real Talk

Don’t worry. it sounds like
Yes, please, if you could.

VOCABULARY
Nouns Verbs Adjectives

bull meteorite crash sophisticated
crater orbit explode weird
debris pioneer gather
device remote control lose control
fireball time bomb penetrate
fragment tornado smash
hurricane volcano stick around
locomotive tease
EXPRESSIONS
Idiom Real Talk

channel surf Beats me.
Excuse me.
Gee!
You never know.
68
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 68 4/6/21 12:58 AM

VOCABULARY
Nouns Verbs Verb phrases to Adjectives

advantage infection drill express regret commercial
antibiotic load guess could have devastated
candle oil well might have embarrassed
course penicillin should have heavy
disadvantage regret immature
distance source incandescent
widespread
EXPRESSIONS
Idioms Real Talk

be on good terms as for (me)
fall out with (someone) breathing down someone’s neck
miss an opportunity go out into the world
have one’s mind set on something
you mean
4 What They Said

VOCABULARY
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverb

blood pressure bother annoyed elsewhere
candidate complain healthy
nuisance deteriorate powerful
politician improve pushy
power interrupt
proof knock down
pumpkin seed lower
result persuade
sports complex raise
tax reschedule
telemarketing scan
EXPRESSIONS
Real Talk
hoax
in the end
or anything like that
really
totally
69
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 69 4/6/21 12:58 AM

Vocabulary
EXPANSION Units 1-4

VOCABULARY
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverb

alien landscape blast pulsate continuous desperately
anxiety panic crawl quiver eerie
astronomer plea detect re-emerge indescribable
broadcast scare force (oneself) switch (over) terrified
coverage spacecraft forsake unfold useless
crater surface glisten warn
emergence tension proceed wriggle
flame tentacle
gas mask trial
EXPRESSIONS
Idiom
on the scene
70
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 70 4/6/21 12:58 AM

Irregular Verbs
Base Form Simple Past Past Participle
be was/were been
become became become
break broke broken
buy bought bought
come came come
cut cut cut
do did done
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
get got gotten
give gave given
go went gone
have had had
hear heard heard
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
know knew known
leave left left
lend lent lent
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
sew sewed sewn
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
steal stole stolen
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
wake (up) woke (up) woken (up)
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
71
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 71 4/6/21 12:58 AM

Photo Credits
iii (t) ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 2 (tr) ©PIXTAL/age fotostock, 3 (t) ©Orlok/Shutterstock, 3 (c) ©H1N1/Shutterstock,
4 (bl) ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 7 (c) ©Oleksiy Mark/Shutterstock, 9 1 ©Fancy/Alamy Images, 9 2 ©photopixel/
Shutterstock, 9 3 ©akz/123RF, 9 4 ©Sjstudio6/Shutterstock, 9 5 ©Badger Castle/Shutterstock, 9 (br) ©Standret/Shutterstock, 10 (tl)
©artproem/Shutterstock, 10 1 ©You Touch Pix of EuToch/Shutterstock, 10 2 ©Ljupco Smokovski/Shutterstock, 10 3 ©Elena Schweitzer/
Shutterstock, 10 4 ©max blain/Shutterstock, 10 5 ©Maceofoto/Shutterstock, 10 6 ©jannoon028/Shutterstock, 10 7 ©Ahmed Aboul-
Seoud/Shutterstock, 10 (cr) ©Lucky Business/Shutterstock, 12 (cl) ©McGraw-Hill Education, 12 (bl) ©McGraw-Hill Education, 13 (tr)
©Everett Historical/Shutterstock, 13 (bc) ©Andrey_Popov/Shutterstock, 14 (tr) ©Zhax/Shutterstock, 15 (br) ©zoe bg/Shutterstock,
18 (l to r - t to b) ©diy13/Shutterstock, 18 2 ©Scanrail1/Shutterstock, 18 3 ©Iasha/Shutterstock, 18 4 ©Hurst Photo/Shutterstock, 20 1
©Nido Huebl/Shutterstock, 20 2 ©Steve Jolicoeur/Shutterstock, 20 3 ©snowblurred/Shutterstock, 20 4 ©Eder/Shutterstock, 20 5
©David Burkholder/Shutterstock, 20 6 ©Nesrudheen Matathoor/Shutterstock, 20 7 ©Angelo Cordeschi/Shutterstock, 21 (tr) ©Marko
Aliaksandr/Shutterstock, 21 (cr) ©Ibe van Oort/Shutterstock, 23 (tr) ©Photoongraphy/Shutterstock, 23 (cr) ©Ahmad Ihsan/Shutterstock,
23 1 ©Lilia Beck/Shutterstock, 23 2 ©rambux/Shutterstock, 23 3 ©Duplass/Shutterstock, 23 4 ©LightPhotos/Shutterstock, 27 (bl)
©Digital Archive Japan/Alamy Images, 27 (br) ©ESB Professional/Shutterstock, 29 (tr) ©Kurkul/Shutterstock, 31 (tr) ©Triff/Shutterstock,
32 (c) ©Marko Aliaksandr/Shutterstock, 34 (tr) ©AP/Shutterstock, 34 (l to r - t to b) ©Katoosha/Shutterstock, 34 2 ©Kevin Phillips/
Shutterstock, 34 3 ©AP/Shutterstock, 34 4 ©Everett Historical/Shutterstock, 34 5 ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 36 3 ©Susie
Jin/McGraw-Hill Education, 39 (tr) ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 40 (c) ©Syda Productions/Shutterstock, 41 (br) ©Africa Studio/
Shutterstock, 42 (tr) ©soul_studio/Shutterstock, 46 (tr) ©Antonio Guillem/Shutterstock, 51 (tr) ©Burachet/Shutterstock, 52 (tr) ©Esteban
De Armas/Shutterstock, 53 (tl) ©fotoinfot/Shutterstock, 53 (tr) ©michaeljung/Shutterstock, 54 (t) ©Franck Robichon/EPA/Shutterstock,
56 (cl) ©chomplearn/Shutterstock, 56 (cr) ©Alaa AbuMadi/Shutterstock, 59 (cl) ©Jukov studio/Shutterstock, 60 (tl) ©Tatweer Co. for
Educational Services, 60 (tc) ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 60 (tr) ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 60 (bl) ©Tatweer
Co. for Educational Services, 60 (br) ©Tatweer Co. for Educational Services, 62 (br) ©Tomasz Trojanowski/Shutterstock, 64 (tr)
©patpitchaya/Shutterstock, 64 (br) ©Iva Villi/Shutterstock, 65 (tr) ©Everett Collection/Shutterstock, 66 (tr) ©Joanna Dorota/Shutterstock,
66 (br) ©Syda Productions/Shutterstock.
Cover (bl) ©Amar Grover/John Warburton-Lee Photography/Alamy Stock Photo, (br) ©Victor Jiang/Shutterstock.
72
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 72 4/6/21 12:58 AM

MEGAGOAL 1.3 Audio Track List
CD1
Track Unit Student Book Section
2 Intro 1 Conversation
3 Intro 2 Listening
4 Intro 4 Pronunciation
5 Intro 5 Reading
6 Unit 1 1 Listen and Discuss
7 Unit 1 2 Pair Work
8 Unit 1 5 Listening
9 Unit 1 6 Pronunciation
10 Unit 1 8 Conversation
11 Unit 1 9 Reading
12 Unit 1 10 Writing
18 Unit 2 9 Reading
25 Unit 3 9 Reading
32 Unit 4 9 Reading
34 EXPANSION 2 Reading
35 Units 1–4 4 Chant Along
73
MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 73 4/6/21 6:37 PM

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 74 4/6/21 12:58 AM

M.G 1.3 S.B

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

M.G 1.3 S.B

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

M.G 1.3 S.B

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MEGA

MANUEL DOS SANTOS

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 1 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Intro Carry out banking transactions

2 I Wonder What Talk about events that happened in the

3 If It Hadn’t Happened Talk about discoveries and inventions and

4 What They Said Report what people said

EXPANSION Units 1-4 Language Review

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 4 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Chant Along: Could You Help Me Find the Reason?

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 5 4/6/21 12:57 AM

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 2 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Bank clerk: Good morning. Can I help you?

3 About You 4 Pronunciation

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 3 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Tips for Dealing with Stress

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 4 4/6/21 12:57 AM

B. List the causes of stress for teens.

Reason it causes stress Your advice

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 5 4/6/21 12:57 AM

1 Listen and Discuss

Consumer Complaints The engine makes

I’d rather have

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 6 4/6/21 12:57 AM

cracked windshield flat tire dead battery

leaky pipe dripping faucet

worn tire dent in the body

torn TV—lines on screen

cell phone—no signal

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 7 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Have/Get Something (Done)

Past Participles as Adjectives

dry-clean repair replace sew sharpen

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 8 4/6/21 12:57 AM

C. Tell your classmates what you had done in the apartment in

We had the apartment redecorated.

D. Complete the conversation. Use the correct form of the verbs in

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 9 4/6/21 12:57 AM

4 Language in Context www.ien.edu.sa

You shouldn’t use a hair dryer in the bath or in bed.

6 Pronunciation 7 About You

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 10 4/6/21 12:57 AM

About the Conversation Your Turn

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 11 4/6/21 12:57 AM

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 12 4/6/21 12:57 AM

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 13 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Express(es) personal feeling/opinion: 1 2 3 4 5

Give(s) an account of the events: 1 2 3 4 5

The item/product you are complaining about: _______________________________

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 14 4/6/21 12:57 AM

1 I purchased a set of earphones at your store three days ago. According

2 I attempted to use my earphones the day I purchased them and found

3 I drove to your place of business immediately and tried to do as advised.

4 Allow me to wonder how one is supposed to find out if an item is faulty

A displeased former customer

MG1-3_SB_TEXT_2021.indd 15 4/6/21 12:57 AM

Form, Meaning and Function

Present Perfect with Already, Yet, Just

A. Work with a partner. Ask and answer about the pictures.

B. Make sentences with the words. Use gerunds.