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    Indus Valley Civilization - History Study Material & Notes: Related Posts

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    Bhutto Waqar

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    Indus Valley Civilization - History Study Material & Notes: Related Posts

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    Bhutto Waqar
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    Safari - 01-Jun-2022 at 10:20 PM

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    Indus Valley Civilization - History Study Material & Notes: Related Posts

    Uploaded by

    Bhutto Waqar

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Indus Valley Civilization –

    History Study Material &


    Notes

    Before we begin, Remember:


    Harappan Civilization is also
    known as Indus Valley
    Civilization

    The Discoverers of Indus Valley


    Civilization:

    Alexander Cunningham – He was


    the =rst Director-General of ASI.
    He Began excavations around mid
    nineteenth century.
    John Marshall – He was the DG of ASI
    in 1927 and =rst professional
    Archaeologist of India.But he
    excated horizontlly and all =nds
    were grouped together even when
    they were found at diOerent
    stratigraphic layers. This caused loss
    of very valuable information
    regarding.
    R.E.M. Wheeler – He followed the
    stratigraphy of excavations rather
    than just excavating horizontally.

    Basic features of Indus Valley


    Civilization:

    The Indus Valley civilization is the


    =rst known Urban Culture in India.
    Majority of the sites developed on
    the banks of river Indus, Ghaggar
    and its tributaries.
    This civilisation is credited for
    building cities complete with : town
    planning, sanitation, drainage
    system and broad well-laid roads.
    They also built double storied
    houses of burnt-bricks complete
    with bathroom , kitchen, and a well.
    Their Walled cities had important
    buildings such as, the Great Bath,
    Granaries and the Assembly Halls.
    Thier Agriculture was considered
    major occupation for rural
    areas.While the City residents were
    involved in internal & external trade
    which led to developed contacts
    with other civilizations ( e.g.
    Mesopotamia).
    Harappans were excellent potters as
    is evident by their artifacts.
    Harappans also had technical
    knowledge of metals & process of
    alloying (e.g. bronze sculpture of
    dancing girl found in Mohenjodaro).
    Also, Shell, ivory, bone and faience
    were used as material for diOerent
    crafts.
    Here, Lothal deserves special
    mention as the site for dockyard. It
    is situated in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
    Lothal was a well planned walled city
    which was an important centre of
    sea trade with the western world.
    Other important cites were-
    Dhaulavira (Guj.) & Kalibangam
    (Rajasthan).
    Harappans used to worship plants,
    animals and the forces of nature.
    They also worshipped male god
    resembling Lord Shiva of later times
    and a mother goddess.
    They also probably believed in life
    after death and also in charms and
    spells.
    Their Seals were engraved with
    animal =gures (e.g. humped bull,
    elephant and rhinoceros). This
    suggests that these animals were
    considered sacred.
    The image of ‘Peepal’ tree is found
    depicted on many seals.
    Harappan script is yet to be
    deciphered. Hence, our knowledge
    of Harappan civilization is solely
    based on archaeological evidence
    alone.
    Harappans were the =rst people to
    cultivate cotton. They knew the art
    of spinning & weaving.

    Important sites of Indus Valley


    Civilisations
    Firstly, lets look at major sites:

    1. Harappa was an urban center. It is


    in Punjab Province of Pakistan,
    located on an old river-bed of River
    Ravi.
    2. Mohenjo Daro is located in Sindh
    province of Pakistan, which is next
    to the river Indus.
    3. Dholavira is situated on ‘Khadir
    Beyt’, which is an island in Rann of
    Kutch,Gujarat, India.
    4. Lothal is located near the Sabarmati
    river and Arabian sea, in the Gulf of
    Khambat, Gujarat, India.
    5. Rakhigarhi was discovered in
    Haryana, India only in 1990.
    6. Ganeriwala is located in Punjab
    province of Pakistan and is very near
    to the Indian border.

    Minor Sites are also being excavated with


    reference to Indus Valley Civilization:

    1. ‘Gola Dhoro’ or Bagasara is a site


    located in Gujarat, India.
    2. Daimabad is located in Maharashtra
    near Mumbai.
    3. Chanhudaro is located just 80 miles
    south of Mohenjo Daro in Sindh,
    Pakistan. It has been established a
    manufacturing center.
    4. Sutkagen Dor is located in
    Baluchistan. It is also the
    westernmost site of Harappan
    civilization.

    <<<< Read about Vedic Civilization and


    culture here >>>>

    Many questions are asked based on these


    sites in various exams like SSC, IBPS, CDS,
    NDA, UPSC civil services and state public
    service commission exams. It is advised to
    revise these details multiple times to
    answer the questions asked in these
    exams. Many times candidates get
    confused about minor details and tend to
    loose marks over such simple and basic
    topic even after reading and knowing
    about it.

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    6 COMMENTS

    ! " most voted #

    Vishal ! 5 years ago $

    Hey
    Nice shirt notes
    I suggest you include points about the origin
    of the Indus Valley civ and the causes of its
    decline in these notes…otherwise these
    notes seem good for simple understanding.

    From a a fellow UPSC civil services aspirant


    Vishal

    7 Reply

    anjali ! 5 years ago $

    Helo ji this is anjali wana give lot of thx for


    posting v imp notes .i realy apreciate your
    u.u r doing great work .god bless u get
    success.

    3 Reply

    Sreedevi ! 5 years ago $

    Sir please include who excavated these sites

    2 Reply

    Venkat ! 5 years ago $

    How to download PDF copy of this notes

    1 Reply %

    Author

    Rachana Rathore ! 5 years ago $

    " Reply to Venkat

    The print button on the top and bottom of


    every post along side social sharing buttons
    serves to generate downloadable pdf =les
    for reading o>ine as well as printing. Feel
    free to ask if you need more help.

    Best Regards

    3 Reply

    deepika ! 4 years ago $

    how to download the pdf for this notes

    0 Reply

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