Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300

Pilot’s Guide

Embraer Phenom 300

 Copyright © 2008-2010, 2012-2016 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

This manual reflects the operation of System Software version 0734.8C or later for the Embraer Phenom 300. Some differences in
operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to earlier or later software versions.
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Prodigy® is a registered trademark of Embraer-Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A.
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with respect to the AOPA information included in this data, express or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties
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representations regarding its accuracy, reliability, or otherwise. Under no circumstances including negligence, shall AOPA be liable for any
incidental, special or consequential damages that result from the use or inability to use the software or related documentation, even if
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or alleged inaccuracies in the information. Some jurisdictions do not allow the limitation or exclusion of implied warranties or liability for
incidental or consequential damages so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you.

190-00762-05 Rev. A Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide

AC-U-KWIK and its related organizations (hereafter collectively “AC-U-KWIK Organizations”) expressly disclaim all warranties with
respect to the AC-U-KWIK information included in this data, express or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The information is provided “as is” and AC-U-KWIK Organizations do not warrant or
make any representations regarding its accuracy, reliability, or otherwise. Licensee agrees not to sue AC-U-KWIK Organizations and, to the
maximum extent allowed by law, to release and hold harmless AC-U-KWIK Organizations from any cause of action, claims or losses related
to any actual or alleged inaccuracies in the information arising out of Garmin’s use of the information in the datasets. Some jurisdictions
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or exclusions may not apply to licensee.

September, 2015 190-00762-05 Rev. A Printed in the U.S.A.

Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A

 WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES

WARNING: Navigation and terrain separation must NOT be predicated upon the use of the terrain avoidance
feature. The terrain avoidance feature is NOT intended to be used as a primary reference for terrain avoidance
and does not relieve the pilot from the responsibility of being aware of surroundings during flight. The terrain
avoidance feature is only to be used as an aid for terrain avoidance. Terrain data is obtained from third party
sources. Garmin is not able to independently verify the accuracy of the terrain data.

WARNING: The displayed minimum safe altitudes (MSAs) are only advisory in nature and should not be relied
upon as the sole source of obstacle and terrain avoidance information. Always refer to current aeronautical
charts for appropriate minimum clearance altitudes.

WARNING: Do not use outdated database information. Databases used in the system must be updated regularly
in order to ensure that the information remains current. Pilots using any outdated database do so entirely at
their own risk.

WARNING: Do not use basemap (land and water data) information for primary navigation. Basemap data is
intended only to supplement other approved navigation data sources and should be considered as an aid to
enhance situational awareness.

WARNING: Traffic information shown on system displays is provided as an aid in visually acquiring traffic.
Pilots must maneuver the aircraft based only upon ATC guidance or positive visual acquisition of conflicting
traffic.

WARNING: Do not use data link weather information for maneuvering in, near, or around areas of hazardous
weather. Information contained within data link weather products may not accurately depict current weather
conditions.

WARNING: Do not use the indicated data link weather product age to determine the age of the weather
information shown by the data link weather product. Due to time delays inherent in gathering and processing
weather data for data link transmission, the weather information shown by the data link weather product may
be significantly older than the indicated weather product age.

WARNING: The Prodigy® Integrated Flight Deck, as installed in the Embraer Phenom 300 aircraft, has a very
high degree of functional integrity. However, the pilot must recognize that providing monitoring and/or self-
test capability for all conceivable system failures is not practical. Although unlikely, it may be possible for
erroneous operation to occur without a fault indication shown by the system. It is thus the responsibility of
the pilot to detect such an occurrence by means of cross-checking with all redundant or correlated information
available in the cockpit.

WARNING: For safety reasons, system operational procedures must be learned on the ground.

WARNING: The United States government operates the Global Positioning System and is solely responsible
for its accuracy and maintenance. The GPS system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and
performance of all GPS equipment. Portions of the system utilize GPS as a precision electronic NAVigation
AID (NAVAID). Therefore, as with all NAVAIDs, information presented by the system can be misused or misin-
terpreted and, therefore, become unsafe.

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WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES

WARNING: To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of the Prodigy®
Pilot’s Guide documentation and the Embraer Phenom 300 Airplane Flight Manual. Thoroughly practice basic
operation prior to actual use. During flight operations, carefully compare indications from the system to all
available navigation sources, including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For
safety purposes, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.

WARNING: The illustrations in this guide are only examples. Never use the system to attempt to penetrate
a thunderstorm. Both the FAA Advisory Circular, Subject: Thunderstorms, and the Aeronautical Information
Manual (AIM) recommend avoiding “by at least 20 miles any thunderstorm identified as severe or giving an
intense radar echo.”

WARNING: Lamp(s) inside this product may contain mercury (HG) and must be recycled or disposed of according
to local, state, or federal laws. For more information, refer to our website at www.garmin.com/aboutGarmin/
environment/disposal.jsp.

WARNING: Because of variation in the earth’s magnetic field, operating the system within the following areas
could result in loss of reliable attitude and heading indications. North of 72° North latitude at all longitudes.
South of 70° South latitude at all longitudes. North of 65° North latitude between longitude 75° W and 120°
W. (Northern Canada). North of 70° North latitude between longitude 70° W and 128° W. (Northern Canada).
North of 70° North latitude between longitude 85° E and 114° E. (Northern Russia). South of 55° South latitude
between longitude 120° E and 165° E. (Region south of Australia and New Zealand).

WARNING: Do not use GPS to navigate to any active waypoint identified as a ‘NON WGS84 WPT’ by a system mes-
sage. ‘NON WGS84 WPT’ waypoints are derived from an unknown map reference datum that may be incompatible
with the map reference datum used by GPS (known as WGS84) and may be positioned in error as displayed.

WARNING: Do not use a QFE altimeter setting with this system. System functions will not operate properly
with a QFE altimeter setting. Use only a QNH altimeter setting for height above mean sea level, or the standard
pressure setting, as applicable.

CAUTION: The PFD and MFD displays use a lens coated with a special anti-reflective coating that is very
sensitive to skin oils, waxes, and abrasive cleaners. CLEANERS CONTAINING AMMONIA WILL HARM THE
ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATING. It is very important to clean the lens using a clean, lint-free cloth and an eyeglass
lens cleaner that is specified as safe for anti-reflective coatings.

CAUTION: The system does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an autho-
rized Garmin service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void both the warranty and the pilot’s
authority to operate this device under FAA/FCC regulations.

NOTE: All visual depictions contained within this document, including screen images of the panel and displays,
are subject to change and may not reflect the most current system and databases. Depictions of equipment
may differ slightly from the actual equipment.

NOTE: The data contained in the terrain and obstacle databases comes from government agencies. Garmin
accurately processes and cross-validates the data, but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of
the data.

iv Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A

 WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES

NOTE: This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.

NOTE: This product, its packaging, and its components contain chemicals known to the State of California to
cause cancer, birth defects, or reproductive harm. This notice is being provided in accordance with California’s
Proposition 65. If you have any questions or would like additional information, please refer to our web site
at www.garmin.com/prop65.

NOTE: Interference from GPS repeaters operating inside nearby hangars can cause an intermittent loss of
attitude and heading displays while the aircraft is on the ground. Moving the aircraft more than 100 yards
away from the source of the interference should alleviate the condition.

NOTE: Use of polarized eyewear may cause the flight displays to appear dim or blank.

NOTE: The FAA has asked Garmin to remind pilots who fly with Garmin database-dependent avionics of the
following:
• It is the pilot’s responsibility to remain familiar with all FAA regulatory and advisory guidance and
information related to the use of databases in the National Airspace System.
• Garmin equipment will only recognize and use databases that are obtained from Garmin or Jeppesen.
Databases obtained from Garmin or Jeppesen are assured compliance with all data quality requirements
(DQRs) by virtue of a Type 2 Letter of Authorization (LOA) from the FAA. A copy of the Type 2 LOA is
available for each database and can be viewed at http://fly.garmin.com by selecting ‘Type 2 LOA Status.’
• Use of a current Garmin or Jeppesen database in your Garmin equipment is required for compliance with
established FAA regulatory guidance, but does not constitute authorization to fly any and all terminal
procedures that may be presented by the system. It is the pilot’s responsibility to operate in accordance
with established AFM(S) and regulatory guidance or limitations as applicable to the pilot, the aircraft, and
installed equipment.

NOTE: The pilot/operator must review and be familiar with Garmin’s database exclusion list as discussed
in SAIB CE-14-04 to determine what data may be incomplete. The database exclusion list can be viewed at
www.flygarmin.com by selecting ‘Database Exclusions List.’

NOTE: The pilot/operator must have access to Garmin and Jeppesen database alerts and consider their impact
on the intended aircraft operation. The database alerts can be viewed at www.flygarmin.com by selecting
‘Aviation Database Alerts.’

NOTE: If the pilot/operator wants or needs to adjust the database, contact Garmin Product Support to coor-
dinate the revised DQRs.

NOTE: Garmin requests the flight crew report any observed discrepancies related to database information.
These discrepancies could come in the form of an incorrect procedure; incorrectly identified terrain, obstacles
and fixes; or any other displayed item used for navigation or communication in the air or on the ground. Go
to FlyGarmin.com and select ‘Report An Aviation Data Error Report.’

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WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES

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vi Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A

 REVISION INFORMATION

Record of Revisions
Part Number Revision Date Page Range Description
190-00762-00 A October, 2009 All Initial release.
B November, 2009 55-92 Added bleed tabs to all pages in Section 2.
C December, 2009 All Reformatted for new binder.
190-00762-01 A November, 2010 All Added METARs to active flight plan and maps
Updated XM Weather product age and icon display
Added SMS texting
Updated database update procedures
Added other GDU 11.12 parameters
190-00762-02 A March, 2012 All Updated CAS messages
Updated SiriusXM Satellite Radio audio mute procedure
Added Pilot Profiles
Updated Database Update procedures
Added AC-U-KWIK Airport Directory capability
Updated GFDS registration procedure
Added Inset Map WX LGND Softkey
Removed flightplan sorting capability
Added other GDU 12.11 parameters
190-00762-03 A May, 2013 All Added CPDLC
Added User Defined Holds
Added Maintenance Logs Page
Removed Reports Page
Added temperature compensated altitude
Added Steep Mode capability
Updated CAS and voice messages
Added other GDU 13.02 parameters
190-00762-04 A October, 2014 All Added Profile View
Added Weather Radar overlay on the Navigation Map
Updated Iridium Telephone Page displays
Updated MFD Data Bar Field choices
Updated CPDLC discussion
Removed second DME option
Removed GDC 74B
Removed CAS messages from EAS section
Updated CAS messages in Appendices
Added other GDU 14.02 parameters
190-00762-05 A February, 2016 Added Telephone Contacts
Added Position Reporting
Added Baro-VNAV approach capability
Added Smart Airspaces
Added GWX 70
Updated CAS messages
Added other GDU 15.01 parameters

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REVISION INFORMATION

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viii Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW Altitude Alerting.......................................................... 92

1.1 System Description.................................................. 1 Low Altitude Annunciation........................................... 93
1.2 Line Replaceable Units (LRU).................................. 2 Steep Approach (Optional)............................................ 93
Minimum Descent Altitude/Decision Height Alerting....... 94
1.3 Prodigy® Controls..................................................... 7
Radar Altimeter........................................................... 95
MFD/PFD Controls......................................................... 7
2.4 Abnormal Operations............................................ 97
Control Unit.................................................................. 9
AFCS Controls............................................................. 10 Altitude Alerting.......................................................... 97
Audio Panel Controls................................................... 12 Abnormal GPS Conditions............................................ 97
Softkey Function.......................................................... 14 Heading Failure Modes................................................ 98
Unusual Attitudes........................................................ 99
1.4 Secure Digital Cards.............................................. 25
1.5 System Power-up.................................................... 26 SECTION 3 ENGINE AND AIRFRAME SYSTEMS
1.6 System Operation................................................... 27 3.1 Engine Indication System (EIS)........................... 104
Normal Operation........................................................ 27 Takeoff Data Set Window........................................... 105
Reversionary Mode...................................................... 28 Engine Indications..................................................... 106
AHRS Operation.......................................................... 29 Fuel and Electrical Indications..................................... 108
Prodigy® System Annunciations..................................... 30 Cabin Pressurization.................................................. 108
GPS Receiver Operation............................................... 31 Spoiler and Landing Gear........................................... 109
1.7 Accessing System Functionality........................... 37 Flaps and Trim........................................................... 110
Menus........................................................................ 37 3.2 Synoptics............................................................... 111
MFD Page Groups........................................................ 37 System Status............................................................ 111
MFD System Pages...................................................... 43 Environmental Control System (ECS)........................... 112
1.8 Display Backlighting.............................................. 58 Electrical................................................................... 114
Automatic Adjustment................................................. 58 Fuel.......................................................................... 115
Manual Adjustment..................................................... 58 Ice Protection System................................................. 116
Engine Maintenance.................................................. 118
SECTION 2 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
3.3 Abnormal Operations.......................................... 119
2.1 Flight Instruments.................................................. 64 Engine...................................................................... 119
Airspeed Indicator....................................................... 64 Cabin pressurization.................................................. 119
Attitude Indicator........................................................ 67 Flaps........................................................................ 120
Altimeter.................................................................... 69 Trim.......................................................................... 120
Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)........................................ 72
SECTION 4 AUDIO PANEL AND CNS
Vertical Deviation........................................................ 73
Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)............................... 74 4.1 Overview............................................................... 121
Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)................................... 80 Audio Panel Volume Control....................................... 121
2.2 Supplemental Flight Data..................................... 87 MFD/PFD Controls and Frequency Display.................... 122
Temperature Displays................................................... 87 Audio Panel Controls................................................. 124
Wind Data.................................................................. 88 Control Unit.............................................................. 126
Vertical Navigation (VNV) Indications............................ 89 4.2 COM Operation..................................................... 128
2.3 PFD Annunciations and Alerting Functions......... 90 COM Transceiver Selection and Activation.................... 128
System Annunciations.................................................. 90 COM Transceiver Manual Tuning................................. 129
Marker Beacon Annunciations...................................... 91 Quick-tuning and Activating 121.500 MHz................... 131
Traffic Annunciations................................................... 91 Auto-tuning the COM Frequency................................. 132
TAWS Annunciations.................................................... 92 Frequency Spacing..................................................... 136

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Automatic Squelch..................................................... 137 PFD or MFD Failure, Dual System................................. 180

Volume..................................................................... 137 Audio Panel Fail-safe Operation.................................. 181
4.3 Controller Pilot Data Link Communications Reversionary Mode.................................................... 182
(CPDLC)............................................................................ 138 SECTION 5 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
CPDLC Session Overview............................................ 138
5.1 Introduction.......................................................... 183
CPDLC System Status................................................. 139
Navigation Status Box................................................ 184
CPDLC Message Status Icons...................................... 140
5.2 Using Map Displays.............................................. 186
Connecting to the CPDLC System................................ 141
Map Orientation........................................................ 186
Creating a Message................................................... 143
Map Range............................................................... 188
Responding to an ATC Message.................................. 145
Map Panning............................................................. 191
Viewing an ATC Message........................................... 146
Measuring Bearing and Distance................................. 196
Viewing CPDLC Message Dialogs................................ 146
Topography............................................................... 197
Deleting Message Dialogs.......................................... 147
Map Symbols............................................................ 200
Disconnecting from the CPDLC System........................ 148
Airways.................................................................... 206
Disabling Data Mode................................................. 148
Track Vector.............................................................. 208
CPDLC System Failure................................................ 148
Wind Vector.............................................................. 209
4.4 NAV Operation...................................................... 149
Nav Range Ring........................................................ 210
NAV Radio Selection and Activation............................ 149
Fuel Range Ring........................................................ 211
NAV Receiver Manual Tuning...................................... 150
Field of View (SVT)..................................................... 212
Auto-tuning a NAV Frequency from the MFD................ 152
Selected Altitude Intercept Arc.................................... 213
Marker Beacon Receiver............................................. 157
5.3 Waypoints.............................................................. 214
ADF/DME Tuning....................................................... 158
Airports.................................................................... 215
4.5 Mode S Transponder............................................ 162
Intersections............................................................. 222
GTX 33 Transponder Controls...................................... 163
NDBs........................................................................ 224
GTX 33 Transponder Mode Selection........................... 164
VORs........................................................................ 226
TCAS II Transponder Controls (optional)....................... 166
User Waypoints......................................................... 228
TCAS II Transponder Mode Selection (optional)............. 167
5.4 Airspaces............................................................... 234
Entering a Transponder code....................................... 169
IDENT Function......................................................... 171 5.5 Direct-to-Navigation ........................................... 239
Flight ID Reporting.................................................... 172 5.6 Flight Planning...................................................... 245
4.6 Additional Audio Panel Functions...................... 173 Flight Plan Creation................................................... 246
Power-Up.................................................................. 173 Adding Waypoints to an Existing Flight Plan................. 251
Mono/Stereo Headsets............................................... 173 Adding Airways to a Flight Plan.................................. 253
Speaker.................................................................... 173 Adding Procedures to a Stored Flight Plan................... 255
Intercom................................................................... 174 Flight Plan Storage.................................................... 262
Passenger Address (PA) System................................... 175 Flight Plan Editing..................................................... 264
Clearance Recorder and Player.................................... 175 Along Track Offsets.................................................... 268
Simultaneous COM Operation..................................... 176 Parallel Track............................................................. 269
Entertainment Inputs................................................. 176 Activating a Flight Plan Leg........................................ 272
4.7 Audio Panels Preflight Procedure....................... 178 Inverting a Flight Plan................................................ 273
Flight Plan Views....................................................... 274
4.8 Abnormal Operation............................................ 180
Closest Point of FPL................................................... 276
Stuck Microphone...................................................... 180
User-Defined Holding Patterns.................................... 277
COM Tuning Failure.................................................... 180

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

5.7 Vertical Navigation.............................................. 282 TAWS-A Alerts........................................................... 451

Altitude Constraints................................................... 284 System Status............................................................ 463
5.8 Procedures............................................................ 288 TAWS-A Abnormal operations..................................... 464
Departures................................................................ 289 6.6 Profile View Terrain.............................................. 466
Arrivals .................................................................... 292 Profile View Display................................................... 466
Approaches .............................................................. 295 Profile Path............................................................... 467
5.9 Trip Planning......................................................... 305 6.7 Traffic Information Service (TIS)......................... 470
Trip Planning............................................................. 305 Displaying TRAFFIC Data............................................ 471
Weight Planning........................................................ 309 Traffic Map Page........................................................ 473
Weight Caution And Warning Conditions..................... 311 TIS Alerts.................................................................. 474
5.10 RAIM Prediction................................................... 312 System Status............................................................ 476
5.11 Navigating a Flight Plan...................................... 316 6.8 TCAS II Traffic........................................................ 478
5.12 Abnormal Operation............................................ 345 TCAS II Symbology..................................................... 478
TCAS II Alerts............................................................ 479
SECTION 6 HAZARD AVOIDANCE
System Test............................................................... 482
6.1 SiriusXM Weather................................................. 348 Operation................................................................. 483
Activating Services..................................................... 348 System Status............................................................ 489
Using SiriusXM Weather Products............................... 349
SECTION 7 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
6.2 Garmin Connext Weather.................................... 383
7.1 AFCS Controls....................................................... 492
Registering the System for Garmin Connext Weather.... 383
Accessing Garmin Connext Weather Products............... 385 7.2 Flight Director Operation.................................... 494
Connext Weather Data Requests................................. 391 Activating the Flight Director...................................... 494
Garmin Connext Weather Products.............................. 394 AFCS Status Box........................................................ 495
Abnormal Operations................................................. 407 Flight Director Modes................................................. 496
6.3 Airborne Color Weather Radar........................... 409 Flight Director Selection............................................. 496
Command Bars.......................................................... 497
System Description.................................................... 409
Principles of Pulsed Airborne Weather Radar................ 409 7.3 Vertical Modes...................................................... 498
NEXRAD and Airborne Weather Radar ........................ 410 Pitch Hold Mode (PIT)................................................ 499
Antenna Beam Illumination........................................ 410 Selected Altitude Capture Mode (ALTS)........................ 500
Safe Operating Distance............................................. 413 Altitude Hold Mode (ALT)........................................... 500
Basic Antenna Tilt Setup............................................. 414 Vertical Speed Mode (VS)........................................... 501
Weather Mapping and Interpretation.......................... 415 Flight Level Change Mode (FLC).................................. 502
Ground Mapping and Interpretation............................ 427 Vertical Navigation Modes (VPTH, ALTV)...................... 504
Weather Radar Overlay on the Navigation Map Page.... 428 Glidepath Mode (GP)................................................. 509
System Status............................................................ 430 Glideslope Mode (GS)................................................ 511
6.4 TAWS-B.................................................................. 431 Takeoff (TO) and Go Around (GA) Modes..................... 512
Displaying TAWS-B Data............................................. 432 7.4 Lateral Modes....................................................... 513
TAWS-B Page............................................................ 435 Roll Hold Mode (ROL)................................................ 514
TAWS-B Alerts........................................................... 437 Low Bank Mode........................................................ 514
System Status............................................................ 443 Heading Select Mode (HDG)....................................... 515
6.5 TAWS-A.................................................................. 445 Navigation Modes (GPS, VOR, LOC, BC)....................... 516
Approach Modes (GPS, VAPP, LOC).............................. 518
Displaying TAWS-A Data............................................ 446

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

7.5 Autopilot and Yaw Damper Operation.............. 520 8.8 Maintenance Logs................................................ 641
Flight Control............................................................ 520 8.9 SiriusXM Satellite Radio Entertainment............ 643
Engaging the Autopilot and Yaw Damper..................... 521 Activating SiriusXM Satellite Radio Services................. 643
Control Wheel Steering.............................................. 521 Using SiriusXM Satellite Radio.................................... 644
Disengaging the Autopilot and Yaw Damper................. 522 8.10 Scheduler............................................................... 648
7.6 Example Flight Plan............................................. 523 8.11 Electronic Checklists............................................ 650
Departure................................................................. 524 8.12 Position Reporting............................................... 653
Intercepting a VOR Radial........................................... 526
8.13 Abnormal Operation............................................ 656
Flying a Flight Plan/GPS Course.................................. 527
SVT Troubleshooting.................................................. 656
Descent.................................................................... 528
Reversionary Mode.................................................... 656
Approach.................................................................. 532
Unusual Attitudes...................................................... 657
Go Around/Missed Approach...................................... 534
7.7 AFCS Annunciations and Alerts.......................... 536 APPENDICES
AFCS CAS Messages.................................................. 536 Annunciations and Alerts.............................................. 661
AFCS Voice Alerts....................................................... 537 Crew Alerting System (CAS)........................................ 661
Overspeed Protection................................................. 537 CAS Messages........................................................... 662
Comparator Annunciations......................................... 668
SECTION 8 ADDITIONAL FEATURES
Reversionary Sensor Annunciations............................. 669
8.1 Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT)...................... 540
Prodigy® System Annunciations................................... 670
SVT Operation........................................................... 541 Prodigy® System Message Advisories........................... 673
SVT Features............................................................. 543 TAWS-A Alerts........................................................... 685
Field of View............................................................. 552 TAWS-B Alerts........................................................... 687
8.2 SafeTaxi................................................................. 554 TCAS II Alerts and Annunciations................................ 688
SafeTaxi Database Cycle Number and Revision............. 557 CPDLC ATC Alert........................................................ 689
8.3 ChartView.............................................................. 560 Other Prodigy® Aural Alerts......................................... 689
ChartView Softkeys.................................................... 561 Flight Plan Import/Export Messages............................ 690
Terminal Procedures Charts........................................ 562 Pilot Profile Import/Export Messages........................... 690
Chart Options............................................................ 570 GDL 69 Data Link Receiver Messages.......................... 691
Day/Night View......................................................... 576 Database Management................................................. 693
ChartView Cycle Number and Expiration Date.............. 578 Jeppesen Databases................................................... 694
8.4 FliteCharts............................................................. 581 Garmin Databases..................................................... 699
FliteCharts Softkeys................................................... 582 Magnetic Field Variation Database Update................... 703
Terminal Procedures Charts........................................ 583 Garmin Aviation Glossary............................................. 705
Chart Options............................................................ 590 Frequently Asked Questions......................................... 715
Day/Night View......................................................... 594
General TIS Information................................................ 719
FliteCharts Cycle Number and Expiration Date.............. 596
Introduction.............................................................. 719
8.5 Airport Directory.................................................. 599
TIS vs. TAS/TCAS........................................................ 719
Airport Directory Database Cycle Number and Revision.600 TIS Limitations.......................................................... 719
8.6 Satellite Telephone and SMS Messaging........... 602 Display Symbols............................................................. 721
Registering With Garmin Connext............................... 602
Telephone Communication......................................... 603 INDEX
Text Messaging (SMS)................................................ 624 Index .................................................................................I-1
8.7 Wi-Fi Connections................................................ 636

xii Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

This section provides an overview of the Prodigy® Integrated Flight Deck as installed in the Embraer Phenom
300. The system is an integrated flight control system that presents flight instrumentation, position, navigation,
communication, and identification information to the pilot through large-format displays. The system consists of
the following Line Replaceable Units (LRUs):

• GDU 1240A Primary Flight Displays and Multi- • GDL 59 Data Link (optional)
function Display • GDR 66 VHF Data Link Transceiver (optional)
• GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit • GSR 56 Iridium Transceiver (optional)
• GEA 71 Engine/Airframe Unit • GWX 68/70 Weather Radar
• GRS 77 Attitude and Heading Reference System • GCU 477 MFD Control Unit
(AHRS)
• GMC 715 AFCS Control Unit
• GMU 44 Magnetometer
• GSD 41 Data Concentrator
• GMA 1347D Dual Audio System with Integrated
Marker Beacon Receiver • GA 36 and GA 37 GPS/SBAS Antennas
• GTX 33/33D w/ES Mode S Transponder (not used • GSA 81 AFCS Servos
with TCAS II) • GSM 86 Servo Gearboxes
• GDL 69A Satellite Data Link Receiver

A top-level system block diagram is shown in Figure 1-1 (it does not include the GA 36, GA 37, or GSM 86).

NOTE: Refer to the AFCS section for details on the Garmin AFCS.

In the Embraer Phenom 300, the Garmin Automated Flight Control System (AFCS) provides the flight director
(FD), autopilot (AP), and yaw damper (YD) functions of the system.

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1.2 LINE REPLACEABLE UNITS (LRU)

• GDU 1240A (3) – Each unit is configured as one of two PFDs or one MFD. The GDU 1240A features a 12-inch
LCD with 1024 x 768 resolution. The unit installed on the left/pilot side is designated as PFD1, and the one
installed on the right/copilot side is designated as PFD2. The unit installed in the center is designated the MFD.
These units communicate with each other and with the on-side GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit through a
High-Speed Data Bus (HSDB) connection.

• GMA 1347D (2) – Integrates NAV/COM digital audio, intercom system and marker beacon controls, and is
installed in dual configuration on the outboard side of PFD1 and PFD2. This unit also enables the manual
control of the display reversionary mode (red DISPLAY BACKUP button) and communicates with the on-side
GIA 63W, using an RS-232 digital interface.

• GCU 477 (1) – Provides the Flight Management System (FMS) controls for the MFD through an RS-232 digital
interface.

• GMC 715 (1) – Provides the controls for the Garmin AFCS through an RS-232 digital interface allowing
communication with both PFDs.

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 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

• GIA 63W (2) – Functions as the main communication hub, linking all LRUs with the on-side PFD. Each
GIA 63W contains a GPS SBAS receiver, VHF COM/NAV/GS receivers, a flight director (FD) and system
integration microprocessors. Each GIA 63W is paired with the on-side PFD via HSDB connection. The GIA
63Ws are not paired together and do not communicate with each other directly.

• GEA 71 (3) – Receives and processes signals from the engine and airframe sensors. This unit communicates
with both GIA 63Ws using an RS-485 digital interface.

• GRS 77 (2) – Provides aircraft attitude and heading information via ARINC 429 to both the on-side GDU 1240A
and the on-side GIA 63W. The GRS 77 contains advanced sensors (including accelerometers and rate sensors)
and interfaces with the on-side GMU 44 to obtain magnetic field information, with the air data computer to
obtain air data, and with both GIA 63Ws to obtain GPS information. AHRS modes of operation are discussed
later in this document.

• GMU 44 (2) – Measures local magnetic field. Data is sent to the GRS 77 for processing to determine aircraft
magnetic heading. This unit receives power directly from the GRS 77 and communicates with the GRS 77,
using an RS-485 digital interface.

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• GTX 33 (1 optional 2) – Solid-state transponders that provide Modes A, C, and S. Both transponders can be
controlled from either PFD, and only one transponder can be active at a time. Each transponder communicates
with the on-side GIA 63W through an RS-232 digital interface. These transponders are not used when the
TCAS II option is installed.

• GDL 69A (1) – A satellite radio receiver that provides weather information to the MFD (and, indirectly, to the inset
map of the PFD) as well as digital audio entertainment. The GDL 69A communicates with the MFD via HSDB
connection. A subscription to the SiriusXM Satellite Radio service is required to enable the GDL 69A capability.

• GDL 59 (1) – Provides system WI-FI connectivity. GDL 59 operation is performed with the MFD through the
HSDB. Connectivity with the GSR 56 is through the RS-232 bus. Computers and/or EFBs (Electronic Flight
Bag) may also be connected through three Ethernet ports.

• GDR 66 (1) – Provides Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) connectivity. GDR 66 operation is
performed through the CPDLC Page on the MFD. The GDR 66 is connected to GSD1 through the RS-422 bus.

• GSR 56 (1) – The Iridium Transceiver operation for voice communication is by means of a telephone handset.
The tranceiver can also send and receive data provided by the GDL 59 through the RS-232 bus.

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 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

• GWX 68/70 (1) – Provides airborne weather and ground mapped radar data to the MFD, through the GSD 41,
via HSDB connection.

• GSD 41 (2) – These units are data concentrators used to expand the input and output capabilities of the system.
Communication is through the High Speed Data Bus.

• GSA 80 (1), GSA 81 (3) and GSM 86 (3) – The GSA 80 Servo is used for automatic control of YAS-SAS. The
GSA 81 servos are used for the automatic control of pitch, roll, and yaw. These units interface with each GIA
63W.
The GSM 86 servo gearbox is responsible for transferring the output torque of the GSA 81 servo actuator to the
mechanical flight-control surface linkage.

• GA 36 (1) and GA 37 (1) – The GA 36 is a through-mount GPS/SBAS antenna. The GA 37 is a through-mount

GPS/SBAS antenna with SiriusXM/Data Link.
GA 36 GA 37

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GWX 68/70
GSR 56

GSD 41 #1
GDL 59

GDL 69A GSD 41 #2

GDR 66

GDU 1240A GDU 1240A

(PFD #1) (PFD #2)
GCU 477
GDU 1240A
(MFD)
GMC 715
Normal Mode
HSDB Rev MFD Failed Mode
Switch*

GMA 1347D GMA 1347D

#1 #2

GMU 44 #1 GMU 44 #2

GRS 77 #1

GRS 77 #2

GIA 63W #1 Compact Compact GIA 63W #2

Smart Probe Smart Probe
VHF COM GSA 80 VHF COM
VHF NAV/LOC VHF NAV/LOC
GPS/WAAS
(Yaw SAS) GPS/WAAS
G/S G/S
GSA 81
AFCS Mode Logic AFCS Mode Logic
Flight Director (Pitch) Flight Director
Servo Management Servo Management
GSA 81
(Roll)

GTX 33 GSA 81 Optional GTX 33

(Yaw)
GEA 71 #1

GEA 71 #2

GEA 71 #3

* External to the G1000 system High Speed Data Bus

Figure 1-1 System LRU Configuration

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 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

1.3 PRODIGY® CONTROLS

NOTE: The Audio Panel (GMA 1347D) and AFCS controls (GMC 715) are described in the CNS & Audio Panel
and AFCS sections respectively.
The system controls are located on the PFD and MFD bezels, MFD Control Unit, AFCS Control Unit and audio
panel. Some controls found on the MFD are duplicated on the MFD Control Unit. These control functions may
be operated from either the MFD or the MFD Control Unit. The controls for the PFDs and MFD are discussed
within the following pages of this section.

MFD/PFD CONTROLS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Large (Outer) Knob 9 13

Small (Inner) Knob
10 14

11 15

The NAV, COM, and FMS knobs are concentric

dual knobs When a portion of the knob is not 12
specified in the text, either may be used.

Figure 1-2 PFD Controls

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The following list provides an overview of the controls located on the PFD and MFD bezels (see Figure 1-2).
1 NAV VOL/ID Knob – Controls NAV audio volume level. Press to toggle the Morse code identifier audio ON
and OFF. Volume level is shown in the NAV frequency field as a percentage.
2 NAV Frequency Transfer Key – Switches the standby and active NAV frequencies.
3 Dual NAV Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the NAV receiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for
kHz). Press to switch the tuning box (cyan box) between NAV1 and NAV2.
4 Joystick – Changes the map range when rotated. Activates the map pointer when pressed.
5 BARO Knob – Sets the altimeter barometric pressure. Press to enter standard pressure (29.92).
6 Dual COM Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the COM transceiver (large knob for MHz; small
knob for kHz). Press to switch the tuning box (cyan box) between COM1 and COM2.
7 COM Frequency Transfer Key – Switches the standby and active COM frequencies. Press and hold this
key for two seconds to tune the emergency frequency (121.5 MHz) automatically into the active frequency
field.
8 COM VOL/SQ Knob – Controls COM audio volume level. Volume level is shown in the COM frequency
field as a percentage. Press to turn the COM automatic squelch ON and OFF.
9 Direct-to Key – Allows the user to enter a destination waypoint and establish a direct course to the selected
destination (the destination is either specified by the identifier, chosen from the active route, or taken from
the map pointer position).
10 FPL Key – Displays the active Flight Plan Page for creating and editing the active flight plan.
11 CLR Key – Erases information, cancels entries, or removes page menus.
12 Dual FMS Knob – Flight Management System Knob. Press the FMS Knob to turn the selection cursor
ON and OFF. When the cursor is ON, data may be entered in the applicable window by turning the small
and large knobs. The large knob moves the cursor on the page, while the small knob selects individual
characters for the highlighted cursor location.
13 MENU Key – Displays a context-sensitive list of options. This list allows the user to access additional
features or make setting changes that relate to particular pages.
14 PROC Key – Gives access to IFR departure procedures (DPs), arrival procedures (STARs) and approach
procedures (IAPs) for a flight plan. If a flight plan is used, available procedures for the departure and/or
arrival airport are automatically suggested. These procedures can then be loaded into the active flight plan.
If a flight plan is not used, both the desired airport and the desired procedure may be selected.
15 ENT Key – Validates or confirms a menu selection or data entry.

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CONTROL UNIT
Many of the controls on the Control Unit (GCU 477) have the same function as those located on the MFD.
The following list provides an overview of the controls located on the Control Unit (see Figure 1-3):

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

18 9

10
17
11
12
13

16 15 14

Figure 1-3 Control Unit (GCU 477)

1 Joystick – Changes the map range when rotated. Activates the map pointer when pressed.
2 FPL Key – Displays the active Flight Plan Page for creating and editing the active flight plan, or for
accessing stored flight plans.
3 Direct-to Key – Allows the user to enter a destination waypoint and establish a direct course to the selected
destination (the destination is either specified by the identifier, chosen from the active route, or taken from
the map pointer position).
4 MENU Key – Displays a context-sensitive list of options. This list allows the user to access additional
features or make setting changes that relate to particular pages.
5 PROC Key – Gives access to IFR departure procedures (DPs), arrival procedures (STARs) and approach
procedures (IAPs) for a flight plan. If a flight plan is used, available procedures for the departure and/or
arrival airport are automatically suggested. Theses procedures can then be loaded into the active flight
plan. If a flight plan is not used, both the desired airport and the desired procedure may be selected.
6 ENT Key – Validates or confirms a menu selection or data entry.
7 Dual FMS Knob – Flight Management System Knob. When the FMS Key is pressed, this knob selects the
MFD page to be viewed. The large knob selects a page group (MAP, WPT, AUX, NRST), while the small
knob selects a specific page within the page group. Pressing the FMS Knob turns the selection cursor ON
and OFF. When the cursor is ON, data may be entered in the applicable window by turning the small
and large knobs. In this case, the large knob moves the cursor on the page, while the small knob selects
individual characters for the highlighted cursor location.

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8 FMS Key – Sets the FMS Knob to control FMS functions on the MFD. When pressed, an annunciator next
to the key illuminates indicating adjustment of the FMS Knob will now affect FMS functions.
9 COM Key – Selects the COM radio to be tuned. The first press will select COM1, as indicated by an
illuminated “1” to the left of the key. Press again to select COM2. This is annunciated with a “2” to the
right of the key. Each subsequent press of the COM Key will switch between COM1 and COM2. Use
Alphanumeric Keys to tune the selected COM.
10 Frequency Transfer Key – Switches the standby and active COM or NAV frequencies. Press and hold this
key for two seconds to tune the emergency frequency (121.5 MHz) automatically into the active frequency
field.
11 NAV Key – Selects the NAV radio to be tuned. The first press will select NAV1, as indicated by an
illuminated “1” to the left of the key. Press again to select NAV2. This is annunciated with a “2” to the
right of the key. Each subsequent press of the NAV Key will switch between NAV1 and NAV2. Use
Alphanumeric Keys to tune the selected NAV.
12 XPDR Key – Sets the FMS Knob to enter transponders codes. When pressed, an annunciator next to the
key illuminates indicating the FMS Knob can now be used for transponder code entry.
13 IDENT Key – Press to activate the IDENT function of the transponder.
14 SEL Key – The center of this key activates the selected MFD softkey, while the right and left arrows move
the softkey selection box to the right and left, respectively.
15 BKSP Key – Moves the cursor back one character space.
16 SPC Key – Adds a space character.
17 Alphanumeric Keys – Allow the user to enter data.
18 CLR Key – Erases information, cancels entries, or removes page menus. Pressing and holding this key
displays the Navigation Map Page automatically.

AFCS CONTROLS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11

Figure 1-4 AFCS Control Unit (GMC 715)

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The Garmin AFCS is mainly controlled through the GMC 715 AFCS Control Unit. The AFCS Control Unit
consists of the following controls:
1 10 FD Key – Activates/deactivates the selected flight director (pilot- or copilot-side) in default vertical and
lateral modes. Press the other FD Key to toggle the corresponding PFD’s Command Bars off/on.

2 NAV Key – Selects/deselects Navigation Mode.

3 HDG Key – Selects/deselects Heading Select Mode.

4 AP Key – Engages/disengages the autopilot.

5 YD Key – Engages/disengages the yaw damper.

6 ALT Key – Selects/deselects Altitude Hold Mode.

7 VNV Key – Selects/deselects Vertical Path Tracking Mode for Vertical Navigation flight control.

8 VS Key – Selects/deselects Vertical Speed Mode.

9 FLC Key – Selects/deselects Flight Level Change Mode.

11 20 CRS Knobs – Adjusts the Selected Course in 1° increments on the Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)
of the corresponding PFD. Press to re-center the Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) and return course
pointer directly TO the bearing of the active waypoint/station.

12 SPD SEL Knob – Adjusts the Airspeed Reference and bug in 1-kt (0.01 M) increments. Press to toggle
the Airspeed Reference units from IAS to Mach.

13 UP/DN Wheel – Adjusts theVertical Speed Reference and bug in 100-fpm increments.

14 ALT SEL Knob – Adjusts the Selected Altitude and bug in 100-ft increments (a finer resolution of 10
feet is available under approach conditions).

15 CSC Key – Selects/deselects Current Speed Control (when Altitude Hold Mode is active)(if available).

16 CPL Key – Transfers selection between the active flight director and standby flight director. When the
flight directors are switched, the modes revert to default. An arrow in the AFCS Status Box indicates
the active FD (pilot- or copilot-side).

17 HDG SEL Knob – Adjusts the Selected Heading and bug in 1° increments on the HSI (both PFDs).
Press to synchronize the Selected Heading to the current heading.

18 APR Key – Selects/deselects Approach Mode.

19 BANK Key – Manually selects/deselects Low Bank Mode.

ADDITIONAL AFCS CONTROLS

The AP DISC (Autopilot Disconnect) Switch, CWS (Control Wheel Steering) Button, GO AROUND
Switch, and MEPT (Manual Electric Pitch Trim) Switch are additional AFCS controls and are located in the cockpit,
separately from the AFCS Control Unit. These are discussed in detail in the AFCS section.

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AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13 14

15 16

17

18 19

20 21

22 23

24

Figure 1-5 Audio Panel Controls (GMA 1347D)

NOTE: When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated.

1 COM1 MIC – Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting. COM1 receive is simultaneously selected when
this key is pressed allowing received audio from the the #1 Com receiver to be heard. COM2 receiver
audio can be added by pressing the COM2 Key.
2 COM1 – When selected, audio from the #1 Com receiver can be heard.
3 COM2 MIC – Selects the #2 transmitter for transmitting. COM2 is simultaneously selected when this key
is pressed allowing received audio from the the #2 Com receiver to be heard. COM2 can be deselected by
pressing the COM2 Key, or COM1 can be added by pressing the COM1 Key.
4 COM2 – When selected, audio from the #2 Com receiver can be heard.
5 COM3 MIC – Selects the #3 transmitter (HF) for transmitting. COM3 receive is simultaneously selected
when this key is pressed allowing received audio from the #3 COM receiver to be heard.

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6 COM3 – When selected, audio from the #3 COM receiver (HF) can be heard.
7 PA – Selects the passenger address system. The selected Com transmitter is deselected when the PA Key
is pressed.
8 TEL – When selected, enables the SATCOM audio for the pilot or copilot.
9 MUSIC – Turns the Music 1 input on or off.
10 SPKR – Pressing this key selects and deselects the corresponding cockpit speaker. Com and Nav receiver
audio will be heard on the speaker.
11 MKR/MUTE – Mutes the currently received Marker Beacon Receiver audio. Unmutes when new marker
beacon audio is received.
12 HI SENS – Press to increase Marker Beacon Receiver sensitivity. Press again to return to normal.
13 DME – Pressing turns DME audio on or off.
14 NAV1 – When selected, audio from the #1 Nav receiver can be heard.
15 ADF – Pressing turns on or off the audio from the ADF receiver, if installed.
16 NAV2 – When selected, audio from the #2 Nav receiver can be heard.
17 AUX – Feature not available on the Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300.
18 MAN SQ – Pressing activates/deactivates intercom manual squelch operation.
19 PLAY – Press once to play the last recorded audio. Press during play to play the previously recorded memory
block. Each subsequent press of the PLAY Key will begin playing the next previously recorded block.

20 INTR COM – Pressing selects/deselects the pilot/copilot intercom on both audio panels.
21 CABIN – Pressing activates/deactivates two-way communication between pilot/copilot and passengers.
22 ICS Knob – Turn to adjust intercom volume or squelch. Press to switch between volume and squelch
control as indicated by the ‘VOL’ or ‘SQ’ being illuminated. The MAN SQ Key must be selected to allow
squelch adjustment.
23 MSTR Knob – The Master Volume Control adjusts volume for the blended NAV, COM, and intercom
audio.
24 Reversionary Mode Button – Pressing manually selects Reversionary Mode.

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SOFTKEY FUNCTION
The softkeys are located along the bottoms of the displays. The softkeys shown depend on the softkey level
or page being displayed. The bezel keys below the softkeys can be used to select the appropriate softkey. When
a softkey is selected, its color changes to black text on gray background and remains this way until it is turned
off, at which time it reverts to white text on black background.
Softkey On

Softkey Names (displayed)

Bezel-Mounted Softkeys (press)

Figure 1-6 Softkeys (Second-Level PFD Configuration)

Another means of selecting softkeys on the MFD is by using the MFD Control Unit:
Selecting a softkey using the MFD Control Unit
1) Move the softkey selection box to the desired softkey using the arrows of the SEL Key.
2) Press the center of the SEL Key to select the desired softkey.

PFD SOFTKEYS
The CDI, IDENT, TMR/REF, NRST, and MSG Softkeys undergo a momentary change to black text on gray
background and automatically switch back to white text on black background when selected. If messages
remain after acknowledgement, the MSG Softkey will be black on white.
The PFD softkeys provide control over flight management functions, including GPS, NAV, terrain, traffic,
and lightning (optional). Each softkey sublevel has a BACK Softkey which can be selected to return to the
previous level. The MSG Softkey is visible in all softkey levels. For the top level softkeys and the transponder
(XPDR) levels, the IDENT Softkey remains visible.
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Description
CAS Displays the scroll keys. Only displayed when the number of
CAS messages exceeds the capacity of the display window.
CAS ↑ Scroll up CAS messages (Accessible only when the CAS
Softkey is displayed)
CAS ↓ Scroll down CAS messages (Accessible only when the CAS
Softkey is displayed)
INSET or Displays Inset Map in PFD lower left corner. The TRFC/
TRFC/MAP MAP Softkey is displayed when the TCAS II option is in-
stalled. Selecting the TRFC/MAP Softkey displays the Inset
Map showing Traffic Map Page.
OFF Removes Inset Map
DCLTR (3) Selects desired amount of map detail; cycles through declut-
ter levels:
DCLTR (No Declutter): All map features visible
DCLTR-1: Declutters land data
DCLTR-2: Declutters land and SUA data
DCLTR-3: Removes everything except for the
active flight plan

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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Description

WX LGND Displays icon and age on the Inset Map for the selected
weather products (optional)
TRAFFIC Cycles through traffic display options:
TRFC-1: Traffic displayed on inset map
TRFC-2: Traffic Map Page is displayed in the inset
map window
TOPO Displays topographical data (e.g., coastlines, terrain, rivers,
lakes) and elevation scale on Inset Map
TERRAIN Displays terrain information on Inset Map (not available with
TAWS-A)
NEXRAD-C Displays NEXRAD-C weather and coverage information on
or Inset Map (optional feature)
PRECIP Displays Connext Weather precipitation on Navigation Map
(optional)
XM LTNG Displays SiriusXM lightning information on Inset Map
or (optional)

DL LTNG Displays Connext Worldwide Weather lightning

information on Inset Map (optional)
METAR Displays METAR flags on airport symbols shown on the Inset
Map
SENSOR Displays softkeys for selecting the #1 and #2 AHRS and Air
Data Computers
ADC1 Selects the #1 Air Data Computer
ADC2 Selects the #2 Air Data Computer
ADCSTBY Selects the standby air data input
AHRS1 Selects the #1 AHRS
AHRS2 Selects the #2 AHRS
ATTSTBY Selects the standby attitude input. Heading input will come
from the #1 AHRS.
PFD Displays second-level softkeys for additional PFD
configurations
SYN VIS Displays the softkeys for enabling or disabling Synthetic
Vision features
PATHWAY Displays rectangular boxes representing the horizontal and
vertical flight path of the active flight plan
SYN TERR Enables synthetic terrain depiction
HRZN HDG Displays compass heading along the Zero-Pitch line
APTSIGNS Displays position markers for airports within approximately
15 nm of the current aircraft position. Airport identifiers are
displayed when the airport is within approximately 9 nm.

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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Description

DFLTS Resets PFD to default settings, including changing units to
standard
WIND Displays softkeys to select wind data parameters
OPTN 1 Headwind/tailwind and crosswind arrows with numeric
speed components
OPTN 2 Wind direction arrow with numeric speed
OPTN 3 Wind direction arrow with headwind/tailwind and crosswind
speed components
OFF Information not displayed
DME1 Displays the information window for DME number 1
BRG1 Cycles the Bearing 1 Information Window through NAV1,
GPS/ waypoint identifier and GPS-derived distance
information.
HSI FRMT Provides access to the HSI formatting softkeys
360 HSI Displays the HSI in a 360 degree view
ARC HSI Displays the HSI as an arc
BRG2 Cycles the Bearing 2 Information Window through NAV2 or
GPS waypoint identifier and GPS-derived distance informa-
tion.
ALT UNIT Displays softkeys for setting the altimeter and BARO settings
to metric units
METERS When enabled, displays altimeter in meters
IN Press to display the BARO setting as inches of mercury
HPA Press to display the BARO setting as hectopacals
STD BARO Sets barometric pressure to 29.92 in Hg (1013 hPa if metric
units are selected)
OBS Selects OBS mode on the CDI when navigating by GPS (only
available with active leg)
CDI Cycles through GPS, VOR1 (LOC1), and VOR2 (LOC2) navi-
gation source on the CDI
ADF/DME Displays the ADF/DME Tuning Window, providing ADF
tuning capability and allowing selection of the NAV source
for tuning each DME

Transponder Softkeys without TCAS II Option

XPDR Displays transponder mode selection softkeys
XPDR1 Selects the #1 transponder as active
XPDR2 Selects the Optional #2 transponder as active

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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Description

STBY Selects standby mode (transponder does not reply to any
interrogations)
ON Selects Mode A (transponder replies to identification
interrogations)
ALT Selects Altitude Mode (selection is usually automatic)

White (On-Ground) - Transponder does not allow Mode

A and Mode C replies, but it does permit acquisition and
extended squitters including ADS-B out, and replies to
discretely addressed Mode S interrogations.

Green (Airborne) - Transponder generates Mode A, Mode C,

and Mode S replies to interrogations, as well as transmissions
of acquisition and extended squitters including ADS-B out.

VFR Automatically enters the VFR code (1200 in the U.S.A. only)
(not avialable with TCAS II)
CODE Displays transponder code selection softkeys 0-7
0—7 Use numbers to enter code
BKSP Removes numbers entered, one at a time
IDENT Activates the Special Position Identification (SPI) pulse for
18 seconds, identifying the transponder return on the ATC
screen
TMR/REF Displays Timer/References Window
NRST Displays Nearest Airports Window
MSG Displays Messages Window

Transponder/Traffic Softkeys with TCAS II Option

XPDR/TFC Displays the transponder and TCAS II system selection
softkeys
MODE Displays transponder mode selection softkeys
STBY Selects transponder Standby Mode (transponder does not
reply to any interrogations). When the transponder is set to
standby, the TCAS II system is also set to standby.
ON Activates transponder (transponder replies to identification
interrogations). When the transponder is set to ON, the
TCAS II system is set to standby.

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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Description

ALT Altitude Reporting Mode (transponder replies to
identification and altitude interrogations). When the
transponder is set to ALT, the TCAS II system is set to
standby.
TA ONLY Activates the TCAS II system in TA Only Mode and sets the
transponder to ALT
TA/RA Activates the TCAS II system in TA/RA Mode and sets the
transponder to ALT
BACK Returns to the previous softkey level
TCAS Displays the TCAS control softkeys
REL Displays intruder altitude as altitude relative to own aircraft
altitude
ABS Displays intruder MSL altitude
ALT RNG Displays the altitude display range softkeys
ABOVE Displays non-threat traffic from 9900 feet above the aircraft
to 2700 feet below the aircraft. Typically used during climb
phase of flight.
NORMAL Displays non-threat traffic from 2700 feet above the aircraft
to 2700 feet below the aircraft. Typically used during enroute
phase of flight.
BELOW Displays non-threat traffic from 2700 feet above the aircraft
to 9900 feet below the aircraft. Typically used during descent
phase of flight.
UNREST All traffic is displayed
TEST Activates Test Mode and displays test intruder symbols
BACK Returns to the previous softkey level
CODE Displays transponder code selection softkeys 0-7
0—7 Use numbers to enter code
IDENT Activates the Special Position Identification (SPI) pulse for
18 seconds, identifying the transponder return on the ATC
screen
BKSP Removes numbers entered, one at a time
IDENT Activates the Special Position Identification (SPI) pulse for
18 seconds, identifying the transponder return on the ATC
screen
TMR/REF Displays Timer/References Window
NRST Displays Nearest Airports Window
MSG Displays Messages Window

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(optional TCAS II) (optional TCAS II)

TRFC/MAP XPDR/TFC
CAS ADF/DME

Figure 1-7 Top Level PFD Softkeys

CAS ADF/DME

Select the BACK Softkey on this level to

return to the top softkey level.

CAS ↑ CAS ↓ BACK

Figure 1-8 CAS Softkeys

CAS ADF/DME

(optional) (optional)
PRECIP DL LTNG
or or
WX LGND NEXRAD-C METAR

TRFC-1
Select the BACK or OFF Softkey
to return to the top-level softkeys.
TRFC-2

Figure 1-9 INSET Map Softkeys

CAS ADF/DME

Press the BACK Softkey to

return to the top level softkeys.

ADC1 ADC2 ADCSTBY AHRS1 AHRS2 ATTSTBY BACK MSG

Figure 1-10 SENSOR Softkeys

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CAS ADF/DME

SYN VIS DME1 HSI FMT ALT UNIT

NAV1 NAV2
Select the BACK Softkey
to return to the top-level softkeys
GPS GPS

OFF OFF

360 HSI ARC HSI BACK

METERS IN HPA

PATHWAY SYN TERR HRZN HDG APTSIGNS

Figure 1-11 PFD Configuration Softkeys

CAS ADF/DME

Press the BACK Softkey to return

to the top-level softkeys.
MSG

Selecting BACK returns to the previous softkey level.

MSG

Figure 1-12 XPDR Softkeys (without TCAS II)

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(optional)
CAS TRFC/MAP SENSOR PFD OBS CDI ADF/DME XPDR/TFC IDENT TMR/REF NRST MSG

Press the BACK Softkey to return

to the top-level softkeys.

MODE TCAS CODE IDENT BACK MSG

Selecting BACK returns to the

previous softkey level.

REL ABS ALT RNG TEST BACK MSG

Selecting BACK returns to the

previous softkey level.

ABOVE NORMAL BELOW UNREST BACK MSG

Selecting BACK returns to the

previous softkey level.

STBY ON ALT TA ONLY TA/RA BACK MSG

Selecting BACK returns to the

previous softkey level.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IDENT BKSP BACK MSG

Figure 1-13 XPDR Softkeys (with TCAS II)

MFD SOFTKEYS
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Description
SYSTEM Accesses engine and airframe softkeys
ENG SET Accesses the FADEC settings softkeys; displays the Takeoff Data Set Window
when aircraft is parked or taxiing
CON Selects the continuous thrust rating. Disabled when aircraft is on the
ground.
CLB Selects the maximum climb thrust rating. Disabled when aircraft is on the
ground.
OAT ↑ Increases the takeoff outside air temperature setting in one-degree Celsius
increments. Disabled when aircraft is in the air.
OAT ↓ Decreases the takeoff outside air temperature setting in one-degree Celsius
increments. Disabled when aircraft is in the air.
ATR ON Enables Automatic Thrust Reserve (ATR). Disabled when aircraft is in the
air.
ATR OFF Disables Automatic Thrust Reserve (ATR). Disabled when aircraft is in the
air.
ACCEPT Confirms the selected takeoff settings
BACK Returns display to previous softkey level

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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Description

LFE Accesses softkeys for manually setting the Landing Field Elevation (LFE)
FMS LFE Sets current flight plan destination elevation as displayed LFE
+500 FT Increases currently displayed LFE value by 500 ft
-500 FT Decreases currently displayed LFE value by 500 ft
+50 FT Increases currently displayed LFE value by 50 ft
-50 FT Decreases currently displayed LFE value by 50 ft
ACCEPT Confirms the LFE setting and returns to the previous softkey level
BACK Returns display to previous softkey level
STATUS Displays the System-Status Page
ECS Displays the System-ECS (Environmental Control System) Page
ELEC Displays the System-Electrical Page
FUEL Displays the System-Fuel Page
ICEPROT Displays the System-Deice Page
ENG MNT Displays the Engine Maintenance Page. Enabled only while aircraft is on the
ground and engines are off.
BACK Returns display to previous softkey level
CPDLC When available, accesses CPDLC softkeys.
LOGON Displays Logon screen for the CPDLC system
LOGOFF Displays Logoff screen for the CPDLC system
NEW Accesses New CPDLC message screen
DELETE Delete selected CPDLC message.
DEL ALL Delete all CPDLC messages.
BACK Returns display to previous softkey level
MAP Enables second-level Navigation Map softkeys
TRAFFIC Displays traffic information on Navigation Map
PROFILE Displays/removes the Profile View Display on Navigation Map Page
TOPO Displays topographical data (e.g., coastlines, terrain, rivers, lakes) and eleva-
tion scale on Navigation Map
TERRAIN Displays terrain information on Navigation Map
AIRWAYS Displays airways on the map; cycles through the following:
(Default AIRWAYS: No airways are displayed
label is AIRWY ON: All airways are displayed
dependant AIRWY LO: Only low altitude airways are
on map displayed
setup option AIRWY HI: Only high altitude airways are displayed
selected)
NEXRAD-C NEXRAD-C weather and coverage information on the Navigation Map
or (optional)
PRECIP Displays Connext Weather precipitation on Navigation Map (optional)

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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Description

XM LTNG Displays SiriusXM Weather lightning information on the Navigation Map
or (optional feature)

DL LTNG Displays Connext Weather lightning information on the Navigation Map

(optional)
METAR Displays METAR flags on airport symbols
LEGEND Displays the legend for the selected weather products. Available only when
NEXRAD-C, XM LTNG, and/or METAR softkeys are selected.
WX RADAR Displays the weather radar scan on the Navigation Map
BACK Returns to top-level softkeys
DCLTR (3) Selects desired amount of map detail; cycles through declutter levels:
DCLTR (No Declutter): All map features visible
DCLTR-1: Declutters land data
DCLTR-2: Declutters land and SUA data
DCLTR-3: Removes everything except the active flight plan
SHW CHRT When available, displays optional airport and terminal procedure charts
CHKLIST When available, displays optional checklists
(optional) (optional) (optional)
SYSTEM CPDLC MAP DCLTR SHW CHRT CHKLIST

DCLTR-1

DCLTR-2

DCLTR-3

Figure 1-14 Top Level MFD Softkeys

(optional) (optional) (optional)

SYSTEM CPDLC MAP DCLTR SHW CHRT CHKLIST

ENG SET CPDLC LFE STATUS ECS ELEC FUEL ICEPROT ENG MNT BACK

FMS LFE +500 FT -500 FT +50 FT -50 FT ACCEPT BACK

CON CLB OAT ↑ OAT ↓ ATR ON ATR OFF BACK ACCEPT

ENGINE DONE EXIT EMERGCY

The DONE Softkey label changes to UNDO

when the checklist item is already checked.

Figure 1-15 SYSTEM Softkeys

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(optional) (optional) (optional)

SYSTEM CPDLC MAP DCLTR SHW CHRT CHKLIST

LOGON LOGOFF NEW DELETE DEL ALL BACK

Figure 1-16 CPDLC Softkeys

(optional) (optional) (optional)

SYSTEM CPDLC MAP DCLTR SHW CHRT CHKLIST

DCLTR-1

DCLTR-2

DCLTR-3

(optional) (optional)
PRECIP DL LTNG
or or (optional)
TRAFFIC PROFILE TOPO TERRAIN AIRWAYS NEXRAD-C XM LTNG METAR LEGEND WX RADAR BACK

AIRWY ON Select the BACK Softkey on this level to

return to the top softkey level.

AIRWY LO

AIRWAY HI

Figure 1-17 MAP Softkeys

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1.4 SECURE DIGITAL CARDS

NOTE: DO NOT use the database SD cards for any purpose other than database storage.

NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for instructions on updating databases.

NOTE: Ensure that the system is powered off before inserting the SD card.

The GDU 1240A data card slots use Secure Digital (SD) cards and are located on the top right portion of the
display bezels. Each display bezel is equipped with two SD card slots. SD cards are used for the various databases
and system software updates as well as terrain database storage.
Not all SD cards are compatible with the Prodigy® system. Use only SD cards supplied by Garmin or the aircraft
manufacturer.
Install an SD card
Insert the SD card in the SD card slot, pushing the card in until the spring latch engages. The front of the card
should remain flush with the face of the display bezel.
Remove an SD card
Gently press on the SD card to release the spring latch and eject the card.

SD Card Slots

Figure 1-18 Display Bezel SD Card Slots

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1.5 SYSTEM POWER-UP

NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for AHRS initialization bank angle limitations.

NOTE: See the Appendices for additional information regarding system-specific annunciations and alerts.

NOTE: See the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for specific procedures concerning avionics power application
and emergency power supply operation.

The system is integrated with the aircraft electrical system and receives power directly from electrical busses.
The PFDs, MFD and supporting sub-systems include both power-on and continuous built-in test features that
exercise the processor, RAM, ROM, external inputs and outputs to provide safe operation.
During system initialization, test annunciations are displayed, as shown in Figure 1-19. All system annunciations
should disappear typically within one minute of power-up. Upon power-up, key annunciator lights also become
momentarily illuminated on the audio panels, the control units and the display bezels.
On the PFD, the AHRS begins to initialize and displays ‘AHRS ALIGN: Keep Wings Level’. The AHRS should
display valid attitude and heading fields typically within one minute of power-up. The AHRS can align itself both
while taxiing in a straight line and during level flight.
When the MFD powers up (Figure 1-20), the MFD Power-up Page displays the following information:
• System version • Obstacle database name and version
• Copyright • Navigation database name, version, and effective dates
• Land database name and version • Airport Directory name, version and effective dates
• SafeTaxi database information • FliteCharts/ChartView database information
• Terrain database name and version
Current database information includes the valid operating dates, checklist file version, cycle number and
database type. When this information has been reviewed for currency (to ensure that no databases have expired),
the pilot is prompted to continue. Pressing the ENT Key acknowledges this information and displays the System
- Status Page.

Figure 1-19 PFD Initialization Figure 1-20 MFD Power-up Page

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1.6 SYSTEM OPERATION

The displays are connected via a single Ethernet bus, thus allowing for high-speed communication. As shown
in Figure 1-1. The GIA 63W #1 is connected to PFD1 and GIA 63W #2 is connected to the HSDB switch. This
section discusses the normal and reversionary modes of operation as well as the various AHRS modes of the
system.
In the event of display failure, the display modes are as follows:
• PFD1 failure – MFD enters reversionary mode; PFD2 remains in normal mode.
• MFD failure – PFD1 and PFD2 enter reversionary mode.
• PFD2 failure – PFD1 and the MFD remain in normal mode.

NORMAL OPERATION
PFD
In normal mode, the PFD presents graphical flight instrumentation (attitude, heading, airspeed, altitude
and vertical speed), thereby replacing the traditional flight instrument cluster. The PFD also offers control for
COM and NAV frequency selection.

MFD
In normal mode, the right portion of the MFD displays a full-color moving map with navigation information,
while the left portion of the MFD is dedicated to engine, fuel, electrical, cabin pressurization, oxygen, landing
gear, spoiler, and trim/flaps indication.
Figure 1-21 gives an example of the system displays in normal mode.

PFD1 MFD PFD2

Figure 1-21 Normal Operation

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REVERSIONARY MODE

NOTE: The system alerts the pilot when backup paths are utilized by the LRUs. Refer to the Appendices for
further information regarding system-specific alerts.

Reversionary mode is a mode of operation in which all important flight information is presented identically
on at least one of the remaining displays (see Figure 1-22). Transition to reversionary mode should be
straightforward for the pilot, for flight parameters are presented in the same format as in normal mode.

Figure 1-22 Reversionary Mode

Reversionary mode is activated by pressing the dedicated DISPLAY BACKUP button at the bottom of the
audio panel (see Figure 1-23 and refer to the Audio Panel section for further details). Pressing this button again
deactivates reversionary mode.
Pressing the DISPLAY
BACKUP button activates/
deactivates reversionary
mode for both the on-side
PFD and the MFD.

Figure 1-23 DISPLAY BACKUP Button

Each display can be configured to operate in reversionary mode, as follows:

• PFD1 – By pressing the DISPLAY BACKUP button on the left audio panel.
• MFD – By pressing the DISPLAY BACKUP button on the left or the right audio panel.
• PFD2 – By pressing the DISPLAY BACKUP button on the right audio panel.

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AHRS OPERATION

NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for specific AHRS alert information.

NOTE: Aggressive maneuvering while the AHRS is not operating normally can degrade AHRS accuracy.

In addition to using internal sensors, the GRS 77 AHRS uses GPS information, magnetic field data and air
data to assist in attitude/heading calculations. In normal mode, the AHRS relies upon GPS and magnetic field
measurements. If either of these external measurements is unavailable or invalid, the AHRS uses air data
information for attitude determination. Four AHRS modes of operation are available (see Figure 1-24) and
depend upon the combination of available sensor inputs. Loss of air data, GPS, or magnetometer sensor inputs
is communicated to the pilot by message advisory alerts.

GPS Data Available and Reliable?

YES

NO
Mag Data Available and Reliable? Mag Data AND Air Data
YES

Available and Reliable?

NO

YES

NO
Air Data Available and Reliable?
YES

NO

AHRS Normal AHRS no-Mag AHRS no-Mag/ AHRS no-GPS AHRS coast-on-gyros
Mode Mode no-Air Mode Mode until invalid

Heading Invalid Heading Invalid Attitude/Heading Invalid

Figure 1-24 AHRS Operation

The AHRS (GRS 77) corrects for shifts and variations in the Earth’s magnetic field by applying the Magnetic
Field Variation Database. The Magnetic Field Variation Database is derived from the International Geomagnetic
Reference Field (IGRF). The IGRF is a mathematical model that describes the Earth’s main magnetic field and
its annual rate of change. The database is updated approximately every five years. See the Appendices for
information on updating the Magnetic Field Variation Database. The system will prompt the pilot on startup
when an update is available. Failure to update this database could lead to erroneous heading information being
displayed to the pilot.

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GPS INPUT FAILURE

NOTE: In-flight initialization of AHRS, when operating without any valid source of GPS data and at true
air speed values greater than approximately 200 knots, is not guaranteed. Under these rare conditions, it
is possible for in-flight AHRS initialization to take an indefinite amount of time which would result in an
extended period of time where valid AHRS outputs are unavailable.

The system provides two sources of GPS information. If a single GPS receiver fails, or if the information provided
from one of the GPS receivers is unreliable, the AHRS seamlessly transitions to using the other GPS receiver. An
alert message informs the pilot of the use of the backup GPS path. If both GPS inputs fail, the AHRS continues
to operate in reversionary No-GPS mode so long as the air data and magnetometer inputs are available and valid.

AIR DATA INPUT FAILURE

A failure of the air data input has no effect on AHRS output while AHRS is operating in normal mode. A failure
of the air data input while the AHRS is operating in reversionary No-GPS mode results in invalid attitude and
heading information on the PFD (as indicated by red “X” flags).

MAGNETOMETER FAILURE
If the magnetometer input fails, the AHRS transitions to one of the reversionary No-Magnetometer modes and
continues to output valid attitude information. However, if the aircraft is airborne, the heading output on the
PFD does become invalid (as indicated by a red “X”).

PRODIGY® SYSTEM ANNUNCIATIONS

NOTE: For a detailed description of all annunciations and alerts, refer to Appendix A. Refer to the Airplane
Flight Manual (AFM) for additional information regarding pilot responses to these annunciations.
When an LRU or an LRU function fails, a large red “X” is typically displayed on windows associated with
the failed data (Figure 1-25 displays all possible flags and responsible LRUs). Upon system power-up, certain
windows remain invalid as equipment begins to initialize. All windows should be operational within one minute
of power-up. If any window remains flagged, the system should be serviced by a Garmin-authorized repair facility.

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 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

GIA 63W Integrated GIA 63W Integrated

Avionics Units Avionics Units

Goodrich
Compact
Smartprobes
GSD 41 Engine
Airframe Unit GRS 77 AHRS
Or
GMU 44
Magnetometer
KRA 405B Radar
Altimeter or GIA
63W Integrated
Pressure Controller Avionics Units

GEA 71 Engine
Airframe Unit
GIA 63W Integrated
Avionics Units

Transponder
FADEC Goodrich Compact Or
Smartprobes GIA 63W Integrated
Avionics Units
Figure 1-25 System Failure Annunciations

GPS RECEIVER OPERATION

Each GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit (GIA) contains a GPS receiver. Information collected by the specified
receiver (GPS1 for the #1 GIA or GPS2 for the #2 GIA) may be viewed on the AUX - GPS Status Page.
GPS1 provides information to the pilot-side PFD and GPS2 provides data to the copilot-side PFD. Internal
system checking is performed to ensure both GPS receivers are providing accurate data to the PFDs. In some
circumstances, both GPS receivers may be providing accurate data, but one receiver may be providing a better
GPS solution than the other receiver. In this case the GPS receiver producing the better solution will be
automatically coupled to both PFDs. “BOTH ON GPS 1” or “BOTH ON GPS 2” will then be displayed in the
Reversionary Sensor Window (see Appendix A) indicating which GPS receiver is being used. Both GPS receivers
are still functioning properly, but one receiver is performing better than the other at that particular time.
These GPS sensor annunciations are most often seen after system power-up when one GPS receiver has
acquired satellites before the other, or one of the GPS receivers has not yet acquired an SBAS (Satellite Based
Augmentation System) signal. While the aircraft is on the ground, the SBAS signal may be blocked by
obstructions causing one GPS receiver to have difficulty acquiring a good signal. Also, while airborne, turning
the aircraft may result in one of the GPS receivers temporarily losing the SBAS signal.
If the sensor annunciation persists, check for a system failure message in the Messages Window on the PFD.
If no failure message exists, check the GPS Status Page and compare the information for GPS1 and GPS2.
Discrepancies may indicate a problem.

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Viewing GPS receiver status information:

1) Use the large FMS Knob on the MFD to select the Auxiliary Page Group (see Section 1.7 for information on
navigating MFD page groups).
2) Use the small FMS Knob to select GPS Status Page.

Selecting the GPS receiver for which data may be reviewed:

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - GPS Status Page.
2) To change the selected GPS receiver:
a) Select the desired GPS Softkey.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key.
b) Use the FMS Knob to highlight the receiver which is not selected and press the ENT Key.

Satellite Constellation Satellite Signal GPS Receiver

Diagram Information Status Status RAIM
Availability
Prediction

Enabled
SBAS
Options

Satellite Signal
Strength Bars

GPS Selection RAIM Softkey

Softkeys Selected
SBAS Softkey
Selected

Figure 1-26 GPS Status Page (RAIM or SBAS Selected)

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The GPS Status Page provides the following information:

• Satellite constellation diagram
Satellites currently in view are shown at their respective positions on a sky view diagram. The sky view is
always in a north-up orientation, with the outer circle representing the horizon, the inner circle representing
45° above the horizon, and the center point showing the position directly overhead.
Each satellite is represented by an oval containing the Pseudo-random noise (PRN) number (i.e., satellite
identification number). Satellites whose signals are currently being used are represented by solid ovals.
• Satellite signal information status
The accuracy of the aircraft’s GPS fix is calculated using Estimated Position Uncertainty (EPU), Dilution
of Precision (DOP), and horizontal and vertical figures of merit (HFOM and VFOM). EPU is the radius of a
circle centered on an estimated horizontal position in which actual position has 95% probability of laying.
EPU is a statistical error indication and not an actual error measurement.
DOP measures satellite geometry quality (i.e., number of satellites received and where they are relative to
each other) on a range from 0.0 to 9.9, with lower numbers denoting better accuracy. HFOM and VFOM,
measures of horizontal and vertical position uncertainty, are the current 95% confidence horizontal and
vertical accuracy values reported by the GPS receiver.
The current calculated GPS position, time, altitude, ground speed, and track for the aircraft are displayed
below the satellite signal accuracy measurements.
• GPS receiver status
The selected GPS receiver is indicated for the pilot and copilot display.
The GPS solution type (ACQUIRING, 2D NAV, 2D DIFF NAV, 3D NAV, 3D DIFF NAV) for the active GPS
receiver (GPS1 or GPS2) is shown in the upper right of the GPS Status Page. When the receiver is in the process
of acquiring enough satellite signals for navigation, the receiver uses satellite orbital data (collected continuously
from the satellites) and last known position to determine the satellites that should be in view. ACQUIRING is
indicated as the solution until a sufficient number of satellites have been acquired for computing a solution.
When the receiver is in the process of acquiring a 3D navigational GPS solution, 3D NAV is indicated as the
solution until the 3D differential fix has finished acquisition. SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation System) will
indicate INACTIVE. When acquisition is complete, the solution status will indicate 3D DIFF NAV and SBAS
will indicate ACTIVE.
• RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) Prediction (RAIM Softkey is selected)
In most cases performing a RAIM prediction will not be necessary. However, in some cases, the selected
approach may be outside the SBAS coverage area and it may be necessary to perform a RAIM prediction for the
intended approach.
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) is a GPS receiver function that performs a consistency
check on all tracked satellites. RAIM ensures that the available satellite geometry allows the receiver to calculate
a position within a specified RAIM protection limit (2.0 nautical miles for oceanic and enroute, 1.0 nm for
terminal, and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches). During oceanic, enroute, and terminal phases of flight,
RAIM is available nearly 100% of the time.
The RAIM prediction function also indicates whether RAIM is available at a specified date and time. RAIM
computations predict satellite coverage within ±15 min of the specified arrival date and time.

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Because of the tighter protection limit on approaches, there may be times when RAIM is not available. The
system automatically monitors RAIM and warns with an alert message when it is not available. If RAIM is not
predicted to be available for the final approach course, the approach does not become active, as indicated by the
messages “Approach is not active” and “RAIM not available from FAF to MAP”. If RAIM is not available when
crossing the FAF, the missed approach procedure must be flown.
Predicting RAIM availability:
1) Select the GPS Status Page.
2) If necessary, select the RAIM Softkey.
3) Press the FMS Knob. The ‘WAYPOINT’ field is highlighted.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window.
5) Enter the desired waypoint:
a) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired waypoint by identifier, facility, or city name and press the ENT Key. Refer
to Section 1.7 for instructions on entering alphanumeric data into the system.
Or:
a) Use the large FMS Knob to scroll to the Most Recent Waypoints List.
b) Use the small FMS Knob to highlight the desired waypoint in the list and press the ENT Key. The system
automatically fills in the identifier, facility, and city fields with the information for the selected waypoint.
c) Press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint entry.
Or:
a) To use the present position, press the MENU Key.
b) With ‘Set WPT to Present Position’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
c) Press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint entry.
6) Use the FMS Knob to enter an arrival time and press the ENT Key.
7) Use the FMS Knob to enter an arrival date and press the ENT Key.
8) With the cursor highlighting ‘COMPUTE RAIM?’, press the ENT Key. Once RAIM availability is computed, one
of the following is displayed:
• ‘COMPUTE RAIM?’—RAIM has not been computed for the current waypoint, time, and date combination

• ‘COMPUTING AVAILABILITY’—RAIM calculation in progress

• ‘RAIM AVAILABLE’—RAIM is predicted to be available for the specified waypoint, time, and date

• ‘RAIM NOT AVAILABLE’—RAIM is predicted to be unavailable for the specified waypoint, time, and date


Predicting RAIM availability at present position

1) Select the GPS Status Page.
2) If necessary, select the RAIM Softkey.
3) Press the FMS Knob. The ‘WAYPOINT’ field is highlighted.
4) Press the MENU Key.

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5) With ‘Set WPT to Present Position’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
6) Press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint entry.
7) Use the FMS Knob to enter an arrival time and press the ENT Key.
8) Use the FMS Knob to enter an arrival date and press the ENT Key.
9) With the cursor highlighting ‘COMPUTE RAIM?’, press the ENT Key. Once RAIM availability is computed, one
of the following is displayed:
• ‘COMPUTE RAIM?’—RAIM has not been computed for the current waypoint, time, and date combination

• ‘COMPUTING AVAILABILITY’—RAIM calculation in progress

• ‘RAIM AVAILABLE’—RAIM is predicted to be available for the specified waypoint, time, and date

• ‘RAIM NOT AVAILABLE’—RAIM is predicted to be unavailable for the specified waypoint, time, and date

• SBAS Selection (SBAS Softkey is selected)(WAAS, EGNOS, or MSAS capable systems only)
In certain situations, such as when the aircraft is outside or on the fringe of the WAAS, EGNOS, or MSAS
coverage area, it may be desirable to disable the reception of the applicable SBAS signal (although it is not
recommended). When disabled, the SBAS field in the GPS Status box indicates DISABLED. There may be a
small delay for the GPS Status box to be updated upon WAAS, EGNOS, and MSAS enabling/disabling.
Disabling SBAS
1) Select the GPS Status Page.
2) If necessary, select the SBAS Softkey.
3) Press the FMS Knob, and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired SBAS system.
4) Press the ENT Key to uncheck the box.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.

Figure 1-27 Enable/Disable SBAS

• GPS Satellite Information

Satellites currently in view are shown at their respective positions on a satellite constellation diagram.
This sky view is always oriented north-up, with the outer circle representing the horizon, the inner circle
representing 45° above the horizon, and the center point showing the position directly overhead. Each satellite
is represented by an oval containing the Pseudo-random noise (PRN) number (i.e., satellite identification
number). Satellites whose signals are currently being used are represented by solid ovals.

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The GPS Status Page can be helpful in troubleshooting weak (or missing) signal levels due to poor satellite
coverage or installation problems. As the GPS receiver locks onto satellites, a signal strength bar is displayed
for each satellite in view, with the appropriate satellite PRN number (01-32 or 120-138 for WAAS) below
each bar. The progress of satellite acquisition is shown in three stages, as indicated by signal bar appearance:
- No bar—Receiver is looking for the indicated satellite
- Hollow bar—Receiver has found the satellite and is collecting data
- Cyan bar—Receiver has collected the necessary data and the satellite signal can be used
- Green bar—Satellite is being used for the GPS solution
- Checkered bar—Receiver has excluded the satellite (Fault Detection and Exclusion)
- “D” indication—Denotes the satellite is being used as part of the differential computations
Each satellite has a 30-second data transmission that must be collected (signal strength bar is hollow) before
the satellite may be used for navigation (signal strength bar becomes solid).
Using the current satellite signal information, they system calculates the aircraft’s GPS position, time,
altitude, ground speed, and track for the aircraft (displayed below the satellite signal accuracy measurements
for reference). The following quantities denote the accuracy of the aircraft’s GPS fix:
• Estimated Position Uncertainty (EPU)—A statistical error indication; the radius of a circle centered on an
estimated horizontal position in which actual position has 95% probability of lying
• Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP)—Measures satellite geometry quality (i.e., number of satellites
received and where they are relative to each other) on a range from 0.0 to 9.9, with lower numbers denoting
better accuracy
• Horizontal and Vertical Figures of Merit (HFOM and VFOM)—Measures of horizontal and vertical position
uncertainty; the current 95% confidence horizontal and vertical accuracy values reported by the GPS
receiver

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1.7 ACCESSING SYSTEM FUNCTIONALITY

MENUS
The system has a MENU Key that, when pressed, displays a context-sensitive list of options. This options list
allows the user to access additional features or make settings changes which specifically relate to the currently
displayed window/page. There is no all-encompassing menu. Some menus provide access to additional
submenus that are used to view, edit, select, and review options. Menus display ‘NO OPTIONS’ when there are
no options for the window/page selected. The main controls used in association with all window/page group
operations are described in section 1.3. Softkey selection does not display menus or submenus.
Navigating the Page Menu Window:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu Window.
2) Turn the FMS Knob to scroll through a list of available options (a scroll bar appears to the right of the window
when the option list is longer than the window).
3) Press the ENT Key to select the desired option.
4) The CLR Key may be pressed to remove the menu and cancel the operation. Pressing the FMS Knob also
removes the displayed menu.

No Options with NRST

Window Displayed on
the PFD

Options with FPL

Window Displayed

Figure 1-28 Page Menu Examples

MFD PAGE GROUPS

NOTE: Refer to other supporting sections in this Pilot’s Guide for details on specific pages.

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Information on the MFD is presented on pages which are grouped according to function. The page group and
active page title are displayed in the upper center of the screen, below the Navigation Status Box. In the bottom
right corner of the screen, a page group window is displayed by turning either FMS Knob. The page group tabs
are displayed along the bottom of the window. The page titles are displayed in a list above the page group tabs.
The current page group and current page within the group are shown in light blue. For some of these pages
(Airport/Procedures/Weather Information, XM, Procedure Loading), the active title of the page changes while
the page name in the list remains the same.
Page Group Active Page Title
MFD

Pages in
Current
Group

Page Groups

Figure 1-29 Page Title and Page Groups

The main page groups are navigated using the FMS Knob; specific pages within each group can vary depending
on the configuration of optional equipment.
Selecting a page using the FMS Knob:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to display the list of page groups; continue turning the large FMS Knob until the
desired page group is selected
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the desired page within a specific page group.
There are also several pages (Airport/Procedures/Weather Information and XM pages) which are selected first
from within a main page group with the FMS Knob, then with the appropriate softkey at the bottom of the page
(or from the page menu). In this case, the page remains set to the selected page until a different page softkey is
selected, even if a different page group is selected.

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Map Pages (MAP)

Navigation Map
Traffic Map
Weather Radar
Weather Data Link (XM)
or
Weather Data Link (CNXT)
(service optional)
TAWS-B/TAWS-A
(TAWS-A optional)

Figure 1-30 Map Pages

Waypoint Pages (WPT)

Airport Information pages
- Airport Information
(INFO-1 Softkey)
- Airport Directory
(INFO-2 Softkey)
- Departure Information
(DP Softkey)
- Arrival Information
(STAR Softkey)
- Approach Information
(APR Softkey)
- Weather Information
(WX Softkey)
Intersection Information
NDB Information Airport
Information
VOR Information Pages
User Waypoint Information
Figure 1-31 Waypoint Pages

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Auxiliary Pages (AUX)

Weight Planning
Trip Planning
Utility
GPS Status
System Setup Satellite Phone
Pages
XM Radio
- XM Information
(INFO Softkey)
- XM Radio
(RADIO Softkey)
Satellite Phone
- Telephone
(TEL Softkey)
- SMS
XM
(SMS Softkey) Radio
Pages
Data Link
Maintenance Logs
CONNEXT
System Status Figure 1-32 Auxiliary Pages
Maintenance data is continuously recorded by the Central Maintenance Computer (CMC). This data is dis-
played on the OEM DIAGNOSTICS Page accessible from within the AUX Page Group.
The Flight Plan Pages may also be accessed using the FPL Key on the MFD.

Flight Plan Pages (FPL)

Active Flight Plan
- Wide View, Narrow View
(VIEW Softkey)
Flight Plan Catalog
or
Stored Flight Plan (NEW Softkey)

Figure 1-33 Flight Plan Pages

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System Pages (SYS)

System Status
Environmental Control
System
Electrical System
Fuel System
Ice Protection System
Engine Maintenance

Figure 1-34 System Pages

The Checklist Page may be accessed from the page group tab or the CHKLIST Softkey. See the Additional
Features section for a discussion on using the Checklist Page.

Nearest Pages (NRST)

Nearest Airports
Nearest Intersections
Nearest NDB
Nearest VOR
Nearest User Waypoints
Nearest Frequencies
Nearest Airspaces

Figure 1-35 Nearest Pages

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The following pages are accessed by means other than the FMS Knob.
Procedure pages for loading procedures are accessed by pressing the PROC Key on the MFD bezel. In some
instances, softkeys may be used to access the Procedure Pages.
A menu is initialized, and when a departure, approach, or arrival is selected, the appropriate Procedure
Loading Page is opened. Turning the FMS Knob does not scroll through the Procedure pages.

Procedure Pages
(PROC)
Departure Loading
Arrival Loading
Approach Loading

Figure 1-36 Procedure Pages

For some of these pages (Airport Information pages, XM Satellite pages, Procedure pages), the title of the page
may change.
The CPDLC page are accessed by selecting the CPDLC Softkey on MFD.

CPDLC Page
(CPDLC Softkey)

Figure 1-37 CPDLC Page

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MFD SYSTEM PAGES

In the Auxiliary (AUX) Page Group, there are two system pages: System Setup and System Status. The System
Setup Page allows management of various system parameters, while the System Status Page displays the status
of all system LRUs.

SYSTEM SETUP PAGE

The System Setup Page allows management of the following system parameters:
• Pilot Profiles • Page Navigation
• Date/time • MFD Data Bar Fields (Navigation Status Box)
• Display Units (see Flight Management Section)
(see Flight Instruments Section) • GPS CDI scaling for GPS navigation source
• Baro Transition Alert (see Flight Instruments (see Flight Instruments Section)
Section) • COM Configuration
• Airspace Alerts (see Flight Management Section) (see Audio Panel and CNS Section)

• Arrival Alerts (see Flight Management Section) • Nearest Airports display criteria
(see Flight Management Section)
• Audio Alerts
• Synchronization of Baro and CDI between PFDs
• Flight Director

Figure 1-38 System Setup Page

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Pilot Profiles
Various system settings may be saved under a pilot profile. When the system is powered on, the last
selected pilot profile is shown on the MFD power-up screen (Figure 1-20). The system can store up to 25
profiles; the currently active profile, the amount of memory used, and the amount of memory available are
shown at the top of the System Setup Page in the box labeled ‘PILOT PROFILE’. From here, pilot profiles
may be created, selected, renamed, or deleted. Pilot profiles may also be imported from an SD card, or
exported to an SD card. Pilot Profiles cannot not be imported if originally created using a previous version
of system software.

Figure 1-39 Pilot Profiles (System Setup Page)

System settings on the AUX-System Setup Page that are pilot adjustable are saved to the pilot profile, as
well as, but not limited to, the following:
• Altimeter units setting
• Map settings
• SBAS settings
• Chart settings
• HSI and wind display settings
• SVT options
Creating a profile:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘CREATE’ in the Pilot Profile Box.
4) Press the ENT Key. A ‘Create Profile’ window is displayed.
5) Use the FMS Knob to enter a profile name up to 16 characters long and press the ENT Key. Pilot profile names
cannot begin with a blank as the first letter.
6) In the next field, use the small FMS Knob to select the desired settings upon which to base the new profile.
Profiles can be created based on Garmin factory defaults, default profile settings (initially based on Garmin
factory defaults unless edited by the pilot), or current system settings.

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7) Press the ENT Key.

8) With ‘CREATE’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to create the profile
Or:
Use the large FMS Knob to select ‘CREATE and ACTIVATE’ and press the ENT Key to activate the new profile.

9) To cancel the process, select ‘CANCEL’ with the large FMS Knob and press the ENT Key.
10) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

Selecting an active profile:

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the active profile field in the Pilot Profile Box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the pilot profile list and highlight the desired profile.
5) Press the ENT Key. The system loads and displays the system settings for the selected profile.
6) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

Renaming a profile:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘RENAME’ in the Pilot Profile Box.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) In the ‘Rename Profile’ window, turn the FMS Knob to select the profile to rename.
6) Press the ENT Key.
7) Use the FMS Knob to enter a new profile name up to 16 characters long and press the ENT Key.
8) With ‘RENAME’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
9) To cancel the process, use the large FMS Knob to select ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key.
10) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

Deleting a profile:

NOTE: The profile that is currently active cannot be deleted. If this is the desired profile to delete, select
another profile, then delete the desired profile.

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘DELETE’ in the Pilot Profile Box.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) In the ‘Delete Profile’ window, turn the FMS Knob to select the profile to delete.

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6) Press the ENT Key.

7) With ‘DELETE’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
8) To cancel the process, use the large FMS Knob to select ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key.
9) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

Importing a profile from an SD card:

1) Insert an SD card containing the pilot profile(s) into the top card slot on the MFD.
2) Turn the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
3) Select the IMPORT Softkey.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key.
b) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Import Pilot Profile’ and press the ENT Key.
4) The system displays the Pilot Profile Importing Window with ‘IMPORT’ highlighted. To change the selected
profile to be imported from the SD card (shown as ‘SELECT FILE’), turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the
profile file name, then turn the small FMS Knob to highlight a profile from the list, and press the ENT Key.
5) If desired, the profile name to be used after profile has been imported can be changed by turning the FMS
Knob to highlight the ‘PROFILE NAME’ field, then use the large and small FMS Knobs to enter the name, and
press the ENT Key. Imported profile names cannot begin with a blank space or be named ‘DEFAULT’, ‘GARMIN
DEFAULTS’ or ‘DEFAULT SETTINGS’.
6) With ‘IMPORT’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
7) If the imported profile name is the same as an existing profile on the system, the system displays an ‘Overwrite
existing file? OK or CANCEL’ prompt. Press the ENT Key to replace profile on the system with the profile
imported from the SD card, or turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key to return to the
Pilot Profile Importing Window.
8) If successful, the system displays ‘Pilot profile import succeeded.’ in the IMPORT RESULTS window below. With
‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT or CLR Keys or press the FMS Knob to return to the AUX - System Setup Page.
The imported profile becomes the active profile.

Pilot Profile Importing and Import Pilot Profiles Available for Import from Import Successful
Results Window SD Card (‘STEVE’S PROFILE’ Selected)

Figure 1-40 Pilot Profile Importing Window (AUX - System Setup Page)

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Exporting a profile to an SD card:

1) Insert the SD card for storing the Pilot Profile into the top card slot on the MFD.
2) Turn the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
3) If necessary, activate the desired pilot profile to export. Only the currently active Pilot Profile can be exported.
4) Select the EXPORT Softkey. The system displays the Pilot Profile Exporting Window.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key.
b) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Export Pilot Profile’ and press the ENT Key.
5) To export the pilot profile using the current supplied name, press the ENT Key with ‘EXPORT’ highlighted. To
change the profile file name turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the ‘SELECT FILE’ field, then enter the new
name with the large and small FMS Knobs, then press the ENT Key. Then press the ENT Key with ‘EXPORT’
highlighted.
6) If the profile name to be exported is the same as an existing profile file name on the SD card, the system displays
an ‘Overwrite existing file? OK or CANCEL’ prompt. Press the ENT Key to replace the profile on the SD card
with the profile to be exported, or turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key to return to
the Pilot Profile Exporting Window without exporting the profile.
7) If successful, the EXPORT RESULTS window displays ‘Pilot profile export succeeded.’ With ‘OK’ highlighted,
press the ENT or CLR Keys, or press the FMS Knob to return to the AUX - System Setup Page.

Pilot Profile Exporting Window, Enter a Export Successful

Name to Use for Exported Profile

Figure 1-41 Pilot Profile Exporting Window (AUX - System Setup Page)

Date/Time
The Date/Time Box on the System Setup Page displays the current date and time and allows the pilot to set
the time format (local 12-hr, local 24-hr, or UTC) and offset. The time offset is used to define current local
time. UTC (also called GMT or Zulu) date and time are calculated directly from the GPS satellites signals
and cannot be changed. When using a local time format, designate the offset by adding or subtracting the
desired number of hours.

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Setting the system time format:

1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the time format field in the Date/Time Box.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired system time format (local 12hr, local 24hr, UTC) and press the
ENT Key.
Setting the current time offset:
1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the time offset field in the Date/Time Box.
3) Enter the time offset and press the ENT Key.

Display Units
The Display Units Box on the System Setup Page shows the configured units of measure used for each
category. Only the NAV ANGLE, ALT,VS, and POSITION are pilot selectable. The following indicates the
system parameters affected by changes within that category.
• Nav angle (magnetic, true)
When set to ‘MAGNETIC’, magnetic variation is figured into the displayed value. When ‘TRUE’ is
selected, no magnetic variation is calculated and a ‘T’ is displayed next to the value.
Affects the BRG field in the PFD Navigation Status Box.
Affects Current Heading, Selected Heading, and Selected Course boxes on the PFD.
Affects the BRG, DTK, TKE, TRK, and XTK fields in the MFD Navigation Status Box.
• Altitude and vertical speed (feet, meters)
Affects all altitude and elevation displays on the MFD, with the exception of VNV altitudes on the
Active Flight Plan Page.
• Position (HDDD°MM.MM’, HDDD°MM’SS.S”)
Affects all position displays.

To change a Display Units setting:

1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired field in the Display Units Box.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select from a list of measurement units and press the ENT Key when the desired
unit is highlighted. Press the CLR Key to cancel the action without changing the units.

BARO Transition Alert

See the Flight Instruments section for a discussion on setting the Baro Transition Alert.

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Airspace Alerts
The Airspace Alerts Box allows the pilot to turn the controlled/special-use airspace message alerts on
or off. This does not affect the alerts listed on the Nearest Airspaces Page or the airspace boundaries
depicted on the MFD Navigation Map Page. It simply turns on/off the warning provided when the aircraft
is approaching or near an airspace.
Alerts for the following airspaces can be turned on/off in the Airspace Alerts Box:
• Class B/TMA • Restricted
• Class C/TCA • MOA (Military)
• Class D • Other/ADIZ
An altitude buffer is also provided which “expands” the vertical range above or below an airspace. For
example, if the buffer is set at 500 feet, and the aircraft is more than 500 feet above/below an airspace, an
alert message will not be generated, but if the aircraft is less than 500 feet above/below an airspace and
projected to enter it, the pilot is notified with an alert message. The default setting for the altitude buffer
is 200 feet.
Changing the altitude buffer distance setting:
1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the altitude buffer field in the Airspace Alerts Box.
3) Turn the FMS Knobs to enter an altitude buffer value and press the ENT Key.
4) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

Turn an airspace alert on or off

1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired field in the Airspace Alerts Box.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to turn the airspace alert ON or counterclockwise to turn the alert OFF.
4) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

Arrival Alerts
The Arrival Alert Box on the System Setup Page allows arrival alerts to be turned on/off and the alert
trigger distance set. An arrival alert can be set to notify the pilot with a message upon reaching a user-
specified distance from the final destination (the direct-to waypoint or the last waypoint in a flight plan).
Once the set distance (up to 99.9 units) has been reached, an “Arriving at waypoint” message is displayed
in the PFD Navigation Status Box.
Enabling/disabling an arrival alert:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the ON/OFF field in the Arrival Alert Box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to turn the airspace alert ON or counterclockwise to turn the alert OFF.
5) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

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Changing the arrival alert trigger distance:

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the distance field in the Arrival Alert Box.
4) Use the FMS Knob to enter a trigger distance and press the ENT Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

Flight Director
Two formats are available for the display of the flight director. Single Cue or X-Pointer may be selected.
To change the flight director format:
1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Format Active field in the Flight Director Box.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display and highlight the desired flight director format and press the ENT Key.
4) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

Page Navigation
The large FMS Knob displays the Page Group Tabs and navigates through the tabs. The small FMS Knob
navigates through the pages listed within a specific group. The number of clicks it takes to display the
Page Group Tabs and change to the next tab can be controlled from the Page Navigation box on the AUX
- System Setup Page.
OFF – Displays the Page Group Tabs with one click of either FMS Knob.
ON – Displays the Page Group Tabs and navigates to the next tab with one click of either FMS Knob.
The pilot can select, from the AUX - System Setup Page, the amount of time the Page Group Tabs are
displayed (in the lower right corner of the MFD). The timeout can range from two to ten seconds.
Selecting page navigation settings:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the ‘Change On 1st Click’ field in the Page Navigation Box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘OFF’ or ‘ON’.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the ‘Timeout Seconds’ field in the Page Navigation Box.
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired number of seconds
7) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to remove the flashing cursor.

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MFD Data Bar Fields

The MFD Data Bar Fields Box on the System Setup Page displays the current configuration of the MFD
Navigation Status Box. By default, the Navigation Status Bar is set to display ground speed (GS), distance
to next waypoint (DIS), estimated time enroute (ETE), and enroute safe altitude (ESA).
Changing the information shown in an MFD Navigation Status Bar field:
1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired field number in the MFD Data Bar Fields Box.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display and scroll through the data options list and press the ENT Key when the
desired data selection is highlighted.
4) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.
The following data may be selected for display in each of the four fields of the Navigation Status Box.

• Bearing (BRG) • Track (TRK)

• Distance (DIS) • Vertical Speed Required (VSR)
• Desired Track (DTK) • Crosstrack Error (XTK)
• En Route Safe Altitude (ESA) • Fuel Over Destination (FOD)
• Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) • Fuel On Board (FOB)
• Estimated Time En Route (ETE) • Endurance (END)
• Ground Speed (GS) • Enroute (ENR)
• Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) • International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)
• True Air Speed (TAS) • Landing Time (LDG)
• Track Angle Error (TKE)

GPS CDI
The GPS CDI Box on the System Setup Page allows the pilot to define the range for the on-screen course
deviation indicator (CDI). The range values represent full range deflection for the CDI to either side. The
default setting is ‘AUTO’. At this setting, leaving the departure airport the CDI range is set to 1.0 nm and
gradually ramps up to 2 nm beyond 30 nm from the departure airport. The CDI range is set to 2.0 nautical
miles during the en route phase of flight. Within 30 nm of the destination airport, the CDI range gradually
ramps down to 1.0 nm (terminal area). During approach operations, the CDI range ramps down even
further to 0.3 nm. This transition normally occurs within 2.0 nm of the final approach fix (FAF).
If a lower CDI range setting is selected (i.e., 1.0 or 0.3 nm), the higher range settings are not selected
during any phase of flight. For example, if 1.0 nm is selected, the system uses this for en route and terminal
phases and ramps down to 0.3 nm during an approach. Note that the Receiver Autonomous Integrity
Monitoring (RAIM) protection limits follow the selected CDI range and corresponding flight phases.
The GPS CDI Box on the System Setup Page displays the following:
• Selected CDI range (auto, 2 nm, 1 nm, 0.3 nm)
• Current system CDI range (2 nm, 1 nm, 0.3 nm)

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Changing the CDI range:

1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the selected field in the GPS CDI Box.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display and scroll through the range list and press the ENT Key when the desired
selection is highlighted.
4) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

COM Configuration

NOTE: 8.33 kHz VHF communication frequency channel spacing is not required for use in the United States.
Select the 25.0 kHz channel spacing option for use in the United States.
The COM Configuration Box on the System Setup Page allows the pilot to select 8.33 kHz or 25.0 kHz
COM frequency channel spacing.
Changing COM channel spacing:
1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the channel spacing field in the COM Configuration Box.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired spacing and press the ENT Key.
4) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

Nearest Airports
The Nearest Airports Box on the System Setup Page defines the minimum runway length and surface type
used when determining the nine nearest airports to display on the MFD Nearest Airports Page. A minimum
runway length and/or surface type can be entered to prevent airports with small runways or runways that
are not of appropriate surface from being displayed. Default settings are zero feet (or meters) for runway
length and “HARD/SOFT” for runway surface type.
Selecting the nearest airport surface matching criteria (any, hard only, hard/soft):
1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the runway surface field in the Nearest Airports Box.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display and scroll through the runway options (any, hard only, hard/soft) and press
the ENT Key when the desired selection is highlighted.
4) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

Selecting the nearest airport minimum runway length matching criteria:

1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the minimum length field in the Nearest Airport Box.
3) Turn the FMS Knobs to enter the minimum runway length (zero to 25,000 feet) and press the ENT Key.
4) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

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CDI/BARO Synchronization
See the Flight Instruments section for a discussion on synchronizing both PFD’s Course Deviation
Indicators and the altimeter barometric settings.

SYSTEM STATUS PAGE

The System Status Page displays the status and software version numbers for all detected system LRUs.
Pertinent information on all system databases is also displayed. Active LRUs are indicated by green check
marks and failed LRUs are indicated by red “X”s. Failed LRUs should be noted and an Embraer service center
or Garmin dealer informed.

Figure 1-42 System Status Page

The LRU and ARFRM, Softkeys on the System Status Page select the applicable list (LRU INFO or
AIRFRAME window) through which the FMS Knob can be used to scroll information within the selected
window.
Selecting the MFD1 DB Softkey (label background changes to grey indicting the softkey is selected) places
the cursor in the DATABASE window. Use the FMS Knob to scroll through database information for the
MFD. Selecting the softkey again will change the softkey label to PFD1 DB. PFD 1 database information is
now displayed in the DATABASE window. Selecting the softkey a third time will change the softkey label to
PFD2 DB. PFD 2 database information is now displayed in the DATABASE window.
The ANN TEST Softkey, when selected, causes an annunciation test tone to be played.
Selecting the STBY DB Softkey (label background changes to grey indicting the softkey is selected) will
force the loaded standby database into active service earlier than the system would otherwise make the
change. Databases are normally updated automatically in the MFD and both PFDs from one SD card. For a
detailed discussion on database updates, see the Dual Navigation Database Feature section in the Appendix B.

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UTILITY PAGE
For flight planning purposes, timers, trip statistics, and a scheduler feature are provided on the AUX - Utility
Page. The timers available include a stopwatch-like generic timer, a total time in flight timer, and a record of the
time of departure. Trip statistics—odometer, trip odometer, and average trip and maximum groundspeeds—are
displayed from the time of the last reset. A scheduler feature is also provided so the pilot can enter reminder
messages to be displayed at specified intervals in the Messages Window on the PFD (see Figure 1-43).

Figure 1-43 Utility Page

Timers
The generic timer can be set to count up or down from a specified time (HH:MM:SS). When the
countdown on the timer reaches zero the digits begin to count up from zero. If the timer is reset before
reaching zero on a countdown, the digits are reset to the initial value. If the timer is counting up when
reset, the digits are zeroed.
Setting the generic timer:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the timer counting direction (UP/DN) and press the ENT Key.
4) If a desired starting time is desired:
a) Use the large FMS Knob to highlight the HH:MM:SS field.
b) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired time and press the ENT Key.

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5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘START?’ and press the ENT Key to start the timer. The field changes to
‘STOP?’.
6) To stop the timer, press the ENT Key with ‘STOP?’ highlighted. The field changes to ‘RESET?’.
7) To reset the timer, press the ENT Key with ‘RESET?’ highlighted. The field changes back to ‘START?’ and the
digits are reset.
The flight timer can be set to count up from zero starting at system power-up or from the time that the
aircraft lifts off; the timer can also be reset to zero at any time.
Setting the flight timer starting criterion:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the field next to the flight timer.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the starting criterion (PWR-ON or IN-AIR) and press the ENT Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.

Resetting the flight timer:

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Reset Flight Timer’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
The system records the time at which departure occurs, depending on whether the pilot prefers the time
to be recorded from system power-up or from aircraft lift off. The displayed departure time can also be reset
to display the current time at the point of reset. The format in which the time is displayed is controlled
from the System Setup Page.
Setting the departure timer starting criterion:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the field next to the departure time.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the starting criterion (PWR-ON or IN-AIR) and press the ENT Key.

Resetting the departure time:

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) Use the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Reset Departure Time’ and press the ENT Key.
The hour meter starts counting up when either engine is running and the aircraft is in the air. The hour
meter stops counting when both engines have stopped running or the aircraft is on the ground. This is a
system timer and is not pilot adjustable.

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Trip Statistics
The odometer and trip odometer record the total mileage traveled from the last reset; these odometers can
be reset independently. Resetting the trip odometer also resets the average trip groundspeed. Maximum
groundspeed for the period of time since the last reset is also displayed.
Resetting trip statistics readouts:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page.
2) Press the MENU Key. The following reset options for trip statistics are displayed:
• Reset Trip ODOM/AVG GS—Resets trip average ground speed readout and odometer

• Reset Odometer—Resets odometer readout only

• Reset Maximum Speed—Resets maximum speed readout only

• Reset All—Resets flight timer, departure timer, odometers, and groundspeed readouts

2) Use the FMS Knob to highlight the desired reset option and press the ENT Key. The selected parameters are reset
to zero and begin to display data from the point of reset.

Scheduler
The scheduler feature can be used to enter and display reminder messages. Messages can be set to display
based on a specific date and time (event), once the message timer reaches zero (one-time; default setting),
or recurrently whenever the message timer reaches zero (periodic). Message timers set to periodic alerting
automatically reset to the original timer value once the message is displayed. When power is cycled,
messages are retained until deleted, and message timer countdown is restarted.
Entering a scheduler message:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the first empty scheduler message naming field.
4) Enter the message text to be displayed in the Messages Window and press the ENT Key.
5) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the field next to ‘Type’.
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the message alert type:
• Event—Message issued at the specified date/time

• One-time—Message issued when the message timer reaches zero (default setting)

• Periodic—Message issued each time the message timer reaches zero

7) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next field.
8) For periodic and one-time message, enter the timer value (HHH:MM:SS) from which to countdown and press the
ENT Key.
9) For event-based messages:
a) Enter the desired date (DD-MMM-YYY) and press the ENT Key.

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b) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next field.
c) Enter the desired time (HH:MM) and press the ENT Key.
10) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to enter the next message.

Deleting a scheduler message:

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the name field of the scheduler message to be deleted.
4) Press the CLR Key to clear the message text. If the CLR Key is pressed again, the message is restored.
5) Press the ENT Key to confirm message deletion.
Scheduler messages appear in the Messages Window on the PFD. Pressing the MSG Softkey opens the
Messages Window and acknowledges the scheduler message. When MSG Softkey is pressed again, the
Messages Window is removed from the display and the scheduler message is deleted from the message
queue.

Figure 1-44 PFD Message Window

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1.8 DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING

The system display and control backlighting can be adjusted either automatically or manually. Backlighting
intensity ranges from 0.14% to 100% on the PFDs and 0.80% to 100.00% on the MFD.

AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT
The existing instrument panel dimmer bus normally controls the PFD and MFD backlighting as well as
the PFD and MFD bezels, MFD Control Unit, AFCS Control Unit and audio panel key annunciator lighting.
When the dimmer bus is not used by the system, photocell technology automatically controls backlighting
adjustments. Photocell calibration curves are pre-configured to optimize display appearance through a broad
range of cockpit lighting conditions.

MANUAL ADJUSTMENT

NOTE: The avionics dimming knob may also be used to adjust backlighting. Refer to the AFM for details.

NOTE: In normal mode, backlighting can only be adjusted from PFD1 or PFD2. In reversionary mode, it can
also be adjusted from the MFD.

NOTE: No other window can be displayed on the PFD while the PFD Setup Menu Window is displayed.

Backlighting may also be adjusted manually for all of the displays and the associated bezels. The audio panel
key backlighting is directly tied to the on-side PFD key backlighting setting.
Adjust display backlighting manually:
1) Press the MENU Key on the PFD to display the PFD Setup Menu Window. ‘AUTO’ becomes highlighted to the
right of ‘PFD1 DSPL’.

Figure 1-45 Manual Display Backlighting Adjustment

2) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the selection box. Turn the FMS Knob to select ‘MANUAL’, then press the
ENT Key. The intensity value becomes highlighted.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired backlighting, then press the ENT Key.
4) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘AUTO’ to the right of ‘MFD DSPL’ or ‘PFD2 DSPL’, respectively, and
repeat steps 2 and 3.
5) Press the CLR or MENU Key to remove the PFD Setup Menu Window from the display.

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Adjust key backlighting manually:

1) Press the MENU Key on the PFD to display the PFD Setup Menu Window. ‘AUTO’ becomes highlighted to the
right of ‘PFD1 DSPL’.

Figure 1-46 Manual Key Lighting Adjustment

2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘PFD1 DSPL’. Turn the small FMS Knob in the direction of the green
arrowhead to display ‘PFD1 KEY’.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘AUTO’ and turn the small FMS Knob to display the selection box.
4) Turn the FMS Knob to select ‘MANUAL’, then press the ENT Key. The intensity value becomes highlighted.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired backlighting, then press the ENT Key.
6) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘MFD DSPL’ or ‘PFD2 DSPL’ and turn the small FMS Knob in the direction
of the green arrowhead to display ‘MFD KEY’ or ‘PFD2 KEY’, respectively.
7) Repeat steps 3 to 5.
8) Press the CLR or MENU Key to remove the PFD Setup Menu Window from the display.

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SECTION 2 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS

WARNING: If the airspeed, attitude, altitude, or heading indications become unusable, refer to the backup
instruments.

NOTE: The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) provides additional readouts and indicators (bugs) on
selected flight instruments. Refer to the AFCS Section for details on these indicators (bugs) and readouts,
as they appear on the display during certain AFCS flight director modes.
Increased situational awareness is provided by replacing the traditional instruments on the panel with two easy-
to-scan Primary Flight Displays (PFDs) that feature large horizons, airspeed, attitude, altitude, vertical speed, and
course deviation information. In addition to the flight instruments, navigation, communication, terrain, traffic,
and weather information are also presented on the PFDs and explained in other sections of this Pilot’s Guide.
The following flight instruments and supplemental flight data are displayed on each PFD:
• Airspeed Indicator, showing • Total Air Temperature (TAT)
– Indicated airspeed • Static Air Temperature (SAT)
– True airspeed • Horizontal Situation Indicator, showing
– Airspeed awareness ranges – Turn Rate Indicator
– Vspeed reference bugs – Bearing pointers and information windows
– Groundspeed – Navigation source
– Mach number – Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)
– Airspeed reference and bug – Bearing pointers and information windows
• Attitude Indicator with slip/skid indication – DME Information Windows
• Altimeter, showing • Transponder Mode, Code, and Ident/Reply
– Trend vector • Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)
– Barometric setting • Timer/References Window, showing
– Selected Altitude – Generic timer
• Vertical Deviation, Glideslope, and Glidepath – Vspeed values
Indicators – Barometric minimum descent altitude (MDA)
• Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) • Wind data
• Vertical Navigation (VNV) indications • Radar Altimeter (RA)

The PFDs also display various alerts and annunciations.

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27 26 25 24 23

2 22

21
3
20
4
19
5
6 18
7 17
8 16
9
15
10
14

11 12 13

1 NAV Frequency Box 15 Transponder Status Box

2 Airspeed Reference 16 Heading Bug
3 Airspeed Indicator 17 Turn Rate Indicator
4 Airspeed Reference Bug 18 Barometric Altimeter Setting
5 Mach Number 19 Altimeter
6 Ground Speed 20 Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)
7 Current Heading 21 Selected Altitude Bug
8 Current Track Indicator 22 Selected Altitude
9 Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) 23 COM Frequency Box
10 Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) 24 Navigation Status Box
11 Total Air Temperature (TAT) 25 AFCS Status Box
12 Static Air Temperature (SAT) 26 Slip/Skid Indicator
13 Softkeys 27 Attitude Indicator
14 System Time

Figure 2-1 Primary Flight Display (Default)

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17 16

15
14
13
12

1 11
10

2 9
8
3

4 7

5 6

1 Vspeed References 10 Radar Altimeter

2 Selected Heading 11 Current Vertical Speed
3 Wind Data 12 CAS Annunciation Window
4 Inset Map 13 Reversionary Sensor Window
5 DME Information Window 14 Glidepath Indicator
6 Bearing Information Windows 15 Comparator Window
7 Flight Plan Window 16 TAWS Annunciation
8 Minimum Descent 17 Traffic Annunciation
Altitude/Decision Height
9 Desired Track

Figure 2-2 Additional PFD Information

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2.1 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS

AIRSPEED INDICATOR

NOTE: Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for speed criteria and Vspeed values.

The Airspeed Indicator displays airspeed on a moving tape rolling number gauge. The numeric labels and
major tick marks on the moving tape represent intervals of 10 knots. The minor tick marks on the moving tape
represent intervals of five knots. Speed indication starts at 20 knots, with 80 knots of airspeed scale viewable at
any time. The indicated airspeed is displayed inside the black pointer. The pointer remains black until reaching
maximum operating speed (VMO/MMO), at which point it turns red along with the Mach number readout.
The Mach number is displayed below the Airspeed Indicator (Figure 2-3) for airspeeds at or above Mach
0.4 or at altitudes of 26,227 feet or higher. The color of the readout is the same as the color of the airspeed
pointer.
Airspeed
Reference

Airspeed
Trend Vector
Vspeed
References
Indicated 1.3VS1
Airspeed

Airspeed
Ranges
Airspeed
Reference
Bug
Ground Mach
Speed Number Red Pointer and Mach
Airspeed Indicator Number Showing
Overspeed
Figure 2-3 Airspeed Indicator

Speeds above the maximum operating speed, VMO or MMO depending on aircraft altitude, appear in the high
speed awareness range, shown on the airspeed tape by a red/white barber pole. An aural overspeed warning
tone is generated if the airspeed exceeds the high airspeed limit.
Yellow and red ranges are also present for low speed awareness velocity (VLSA). If the indicated airspeed is
within the yellow range, the airspeed readout is displayed in yellow. If the indicated airspeed is within the red
range, the airspeed pointer is displayed in red. An aural stall warning is generated if the airspeed falls below
VLSA. An open green circle on the airspeed tape represents 1.3VS1. The green circle is displayed when in the air
below 18,000 feet, and it indicates the stall warning system is functioning correctly.
The Airspeed Trend Vector is a vertical magenta line that appears to the right of the color-coded speed range
strip when airspeed is either accelerating or decelerating. One end of the magenta line is anchored to the
tip of the airspeed pointer while the other end moves continuously up or down corresponding to the rate of
acceleration or deceleration. For any constant rate of acceleration or deceleration, the moving end of the line

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shows approximately what the indicated airspeed value will be in six seconds. If the trend vector crosses VMO/
MMO, the airspeed and the Mach readouts changes to yellow. If the trend vector crosses the red VLSA range, the
airspeed readout is displayed in yellow. The trend vector is absent if the speed remains constant or if any data
needed to calculate airspeed is not available due to a system failure.
The Airspeed Reference is displayed above the Airspeed Indicator in the box indicated by a selection bug
symbol. A bug corresponding to this speed is shown on the tape. If the Airspeed Reference exceeds the range
shown on the tape, the bug appears at the upper or lower edge of the tape. See the AFCS Section for more
information about the Airspeed Reference.
Vspeeds can be changed and their bugs enabled/disabled from the Timer/References Window. When active
(on), the Vspeeds are displayed at their respective locations to the right of the airspeed scale. By default, all
Vspeed values are reset and all bugs turned off during power up.

Vspeed Bug
V1 1
VR R
Takeoff

V2 2
VFS FS
VAP AP
Landing

VREF RF
VAC AC
VFS FS

Table 2-1 Vspeed Bug Labels

Vspeeds are categorized as either takeoff or landing. Takeoff Vspeed bugs are automatically turned off when
airspeed reaches 160 knots. The order in which the categories are displayed is determined by whether the
aircraft is on the ground or in the air. If the aircraft is on the ground, the takeoff Vspeeds are displayed at the
top of the Vspeed list. If the aircraft is in the air, the landing Vspeeds are displayed at the top.
Changing Vspeeds and enabling/disabling Vspeed bugs:
1) Select the TMR/REF Softkey.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired Vspeed.
3) Use the small FMS Knob to change the Vspeed in 1-kt increments (when a speed has been changed from a
default value, an asterisk appears next to the speed).
4) Press the ENT Key or turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the ON/OFF field.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to ON or counterclockwise to OFF.
6) To remove the window, press the CLR Key or select the TMR/REF Softkey.

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Figure 2-4 Takeoff and Landing Vspeeds (Timer/References Window)

Vspeed bugs can be turned on or off all at once or by category (takeoff and landing). Default values for all or
a category of Vspeeds can also be restored.
Modifying Vspeeds (on, off, restore defaults):
1) Select the TMR/REF Softkey.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired selection (Figure 2-5).
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) To remove the window, press the CLR Key or select the TMR/REF Softkey.

Figure 2-5 Timer/References Window Menu

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ATTITUDE INDICATOR
Attitude information is displayed over a virtual blue sky and brown ground with a white horizon line. The
Attitude Indicator displays the pitch, roll, and slip/skid information.

9
1 Roll Pointer
8 2 Roll Scale
1
3 Horizon Line
7
2 4 Aircraft Symbol
(Formatted for Single-cue
6 Command Bars)
3 5 Land Representation
6 Pitch Scale
7 Slip/Skid Indicator
4 8 Sky Representation
5
9 Roll Scale Zero

Figure 2-6 Attitude Indicator

The horizon line is part of the pitch scale. Above and below the horizon line, major pitch marks and numeric
labels are shown for every 10˚, up to 80˚. Minor pitch marks are shown for intervening 5˚ increments, up to
25˚ below and 45˚ above the horizon line. Between 20˚ below to 20˚ above the horizon line, minor pitch marks
occur every 2.5˚. When the Synthetic Vision System is activated, the pitch scale is reduced to 10˚ up and 7.5˚
down; refer to the Additional Features section.
The inverted white triangle indicates zero on the roll scale. Major tick marks at 30˚ and 60˚ and minor tick
marks at 10˚, 20˚, and 45˚ are shown to the left and right of the zero. Angle of bank is indicated by the position
of the pointer on the roll scale.
The Slip/Skid Indicator is the bar beneath the roll pointer. One bar displacement is equal to one ball
displacement on a traditional inclinometer. The indicator bar moves with the roll pointer and moves laterally
away from the pointer to indicate uncoordinated flight. Slip (inside the turn) or skid (outside the turn) is
indicated by the location of the bar relative to the pointer.
In TCAS II installations, the Attitude Indicator also provides pitch cues to comply with TCAS II Resolution
Advisories; see the Hazard Avoidance Section for details.

Figure 2-7 Slip/Skid Indication

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The yellow symbolic aircraft on the Attitude Indicator changes appearance based on selection of AFCS flight
director Command Bar format (see the AFCS Section for details). Both PFDs show the same Command Bar
format and Aircraft Symbol. The Command Bar format (single-cue or cross-pointer) may be selected from the
AUX - System Setup Page Figure 2-8.
Changing Command Bar and Aircraft Symbol format:
1) On the MFD, use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Format Active selection in the Flight Director box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight the desired setting and press the ENT Key.
5) Select the SNGL CUE option to display Command Bars as a single cue (Figure 2-8).
Or:
Select the X POINTR option to display Command Bars as a cross pointer (Figure 2-8).

Single-cue Aircraft Symbol Cross-pointer Aircraft Symbol

Figure 2-8 Aircraft Symbol/Flight Director Format

(AUX - System Setup Page)

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ALTIMETER
The altimeter displays 600 feet of barometric altitude values at a time on a moving tape rolling number gauge.
Numeric labels and major tick marks are shown at intervals of 100 feet. Minor tick marks are at intervals of 20
feet. The indicated altitude is displayed inside the black pointer.
The Selected Altitude is displayed above the altimeter in the box indicated by a selection bug symbol. A bug
corresponding to this altitude is shown on the tape. If the Selected Altitude exceeds the range shown on the
tape, the bug appears at the upper or lower edge of the tape. When the metric value is selected it is displayed
in a separate box above the Selected Altitude (Figure 2-10). See the AFCS Section for more information about
Selected Altitude.
A magenta Altitude Trend Vector extends up or down the left of the altitude tape. The end extends to the
approximate altitude to be reached in six seconds at the current vertical speed. The trend vector is not shown
if altitude remains constant or if data needed for calculation is not available due to a system failure.
Setting the Selected Altitude:
 n the PFD, turn the ALT SEL Knob to set the Selected Altitude in 100-ft increments up to the aircraft’s service
O
ceiling. If set to Metric mode, the ALT SEL Knob adjusts the Selected Altitude in 50-meter increments.
If a Minimum Descent Altitude/Decision Height (MDA/DH) value has been set, this value is also available as a

Selected Altitude setting when turning the ALT SEL Knob.
Selected
Altitude
Selected (Meters)
Altitude
Altitude
Trend
Vector
Indicated
Altitude
(Meters)
Indicated Selected
Altitude Altitude
Bug
Selected
Altitude
Bug
MDA/DH
Altitude
Bug
Barometric Barometric
Setting Box Setting Box
(In Hg) (Hectopascals)
Figure 2-10 Altimeter Setting in hPa
Figure 2-9 Altimeter Settings, In Hg
and Altitude in Meters

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Selected and current altitudes can also be displayed in meters (readouts displayed above the normal readouts
in feet; Figure 2-10). Note that the altitude tape does not change scale.
Displaying altitude in meters:
1) Select the PFD Softkey to display the second-level softkeys.
2) Select the ALT UNIT Softkey.
3) Select the METERS Softkey to turn on metric altitude readouts (Figure 2-10).
4) Select the BACK Softkey twice to return to the top-level softkeys.
The barometric pressure setting is displayed below the altimeter in inches of mercury (in Hg) or hectopascals
(hPa). Adjusting the altimeter barometric setting creates discontinuities in VNV vertical deviation, moving
the descent path. For large adjustments, it may take several minutes for the aircraft to re-establish on the
descent path. If the change is made while nearing a waypoint with a VNV Target Altitude, the aircraft may not
re‑establish on the descent path in time to meet the vertical constraint.
Changing altimeter barometric pressure setting units:
1) Select the PFD Softkey to display the second-level softkeys.
2) Select the ALT UNIT Softkey.
3) Select the IN Softkey to display the barometric pressure setting in inches of mercury (in Hg) (Figure 2-9).
Or, select the HPA Softkey to display the barometric pressure setting in hectopascals (hPa) (Figure 2-10).

4) Select the BACK Softkey twice to return to the top-level softkeys.

WARNING: Do not use a QFE altimeter setting with this system. System functions will not operate properly
with a QFE altimeter setting. Use only a QNH altimeter setting for height above mean sea level, or the
standard pressure setting, as applicable.

Selecting the altimeter barometric pressure setting:

Turn the BARO Knob to select the desired setting.


Selecting standard barometric pressure (29.92 in Hg):

Press the BARO Knob to select standard pressure.

Or:
1) Select the PFD Softkey to display the second-level softkeys.
2) Select the STD BARO Softkey; STD BARO is displayed in barometric setting box.

Figure 2-11 Standard Barometric Altimeter Setting

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If the barometric altimeter settings differ between PFDs by more than 0.02 in Hg, the readouts are yellow.
Once the settings are synchronized (BARO turned on), they remain synchronized until the setting is turned off.
Synchronizing the altimeter barometric pressure settings:
1) Select the AUX - System Setup Page using the FMS Knob.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight Baro in the Synchronization box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to ON or counterclockwise to OFF.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.
Barometric Settings
not Synchronized on PFD
Displayed in Yellow

Figure 2-12 Baro Sync Setting

(AUX - System Setup Page)

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A Baro Transition Alert is provided to notify the pilot to change the barometric pressure setting when crossing
the baro transition altitude. If the aircraft is at least 500 feet below the transition altitude and then climbs
through this altitude and the STD BARO Softkey or BARO Knob has not been pressed, the barometric pressure
setting flashes in light blue until the pressure setting is changed. If the aircraft is at least 500 feet above the
transition altitude and then descends through this altitude and the barometric pressure setting has not been
changed from STD BARO, the setting flashes in light blue until it is changed.
Setting the Baro Transition Alert:
1) On the MFD, use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight Altitude in the Baro Transition Alert box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to turn the alert OFF or ON and press the ENT Key.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to change the desired altitude and press the ENT Key.
6) To cancel the selection, press the FMS Knob.

Figure 2-13 Baro Transition Alert

(AUX - System Setup Page)

VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR (VSI)

The Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) displays the aircraft vertical speed on a fixed scale with labels at 2000 and
4000 fpm and minor tick marks every 1000 fpm. Digits appear in the pointer when the climb or descent rate
is greater than 100 fpm. If the rate of ascent/descent exceeds 4000 fpm, the pointer appears at the edge of the
tape and the rate appears inside the pointer.
A magenta chevron is displayed on the VSI to indicate the Required Vertical Speed for reaching a VNV target
altitude once the “TOD [Top of Descent] within 1 minute” alert has generated. See the Flight Management

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and AFCS sections for details on VNV features. Refer to Section 2.2, Supplemental Flight Data, for more
information about VNV indications on the PFD. In TCAS II installations, the VSI also provides vertical speed
guidance during TCAS II Resolution Advisories; see the Hazard Avoidance section for details.

VERTICAL DEVIATION
The Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) is a magenta chevron indicating the baro-VNV vertical deviation when
Vertical Navigation (VNV) is being used. The VDI appears in conjunction with the “TOD within 1 minute”
alert. The VDI is removed from the display if vertical deviation becomes invalid. See the Flight Management
Section for details on VNV features, and refer to Section 2.2, Supplemental Flight Data, for more information
about VNV indications on the PFD.
The Glideslope Indicator appears to the left of the altimeter whenever an ILS frequency is tuned in the active
NAV field and the aircraft heading and selected course are within 107˚. A green diamond acts as the Glideslope
Indicator, like a glideslope needle on a conventional indicator. If a localizer frequency is tuned and there is no
glideslope, “NO GS” is displayed in place of the diamond.
The Glidepath Indicator (Figure 2-16) is analogous to the glideslope for GPS approach service levels supporting
SBAS vertical guidance (LNAV+V, L/VNAV, LPV). When a supported approach is loaded into the flight plan
and GPS is the selected navigation source, the Glidepath Indicator appears as a magenta diamond. Full-scale
deflection (two dots), is angular with upper and lower limits. The upper limit is +/-150 meters and lower limits
depend on approach service level.
• LNAV+V and L/VNAV is +/- 45 meters.
• LPV is +/- 15 meters.
If the approach type downgrades past the final approach fix (FAF), “NO GP” is displayed in place of the
diamond.
VNV Target
Altitude Marker
Beacon
Annunciation
Vertical
Speed
Indicator

Vertical Vertical Glideslope Glidepath

Deviation Speed Indicator Indicator
Indicator Pointer
Required
Vertical
Speed

Figure 2-14 Vertical Speed and Figure 2-15 Glideslope Indicator Figure 2-16 Glidepath Indicator
Deviation Indicator (VSI and VDI)

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While executing an LNAV/VNAV approach and SBAS is unavailable, baro-VNAV (barometric vertical
navigation) is used for vertical guidance. This occurs due to any of the following conditions:
• SBAS fails or becomes unavailable prior to the FAF
• The aircraft is outside of SBAS coverage
• SBAS is manually disabled on the GPS Status page
Baro-VNAV is also the source of vertical approach guidance if the LNAV/VNAV procedure does not support
SBAS vertical guidance.
While baro-VNAV is active, the Glidepath Indicator appears as a magenta pentagon. If the approach type
downgrades past the final approach fix (FAF), “NO GP” is displayed in place of the pentagon.
While executing a GPS approach with LNAV/VNAV service levels, while the aircraft is between the FAF and
MAP, excessive deviation indicators appear as yellow vertical lines (Figure 2-17) to indicate an area where
the vertical deviation exceeds ±75 feet. If the glidepath indicator is within an area of excessive deviation, the
glidepath indicator becomes yellow.

Magenta
Glidepath
Indicator shown Glidepath
within normal Indicator
deviation range

Yellow Excessive Yellow Excessive

Vertical Deviation Vertical Deviation
Ranges Ranges

Figure 2-17 Glidepath Indicator with Excessive Vertical Deviation Indications

HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR (HSI)

The Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) displays a rotating compass card in a heading-up orientation. Letters
indicate the cardinal points with numeric labels every 30˚. Major tick marks are at 10˚ intervals and minor tick
marks are at 5˚ intervals. A digital reading of the current heading appears on top of the HSI, and the current
track is represented on the HSI by a magenta diamond. The HSI also presents turn rate, course deviation,
bearing, and navigation source information. The HSI is available in two formats, a 360˚ compass rose and a
140˚ arc.

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Changing the HSI display format:

1) Select the PFD Softkey.
2) Select the HSI FRMT Softkey.
3) Select the 360 HSI or ARC HSI Softkey.
The 360˚ HSI contains a Course Deviation Indicator (CDI), with a Course Pointer, To/From Indicator, and a
sliding deviation bar and scale. The course pointer is a single line arrow (GPS, VOR1, and LOC1) or a double
line arrow (VOR2 and LOC2) which points in the direction of the set course. The To/From arrow rotates with
the course pointer and is displayed when the active NAVAID is received.

16 15 14

1
2 13
3
4

5 12
6 11
7 10

8 9

1 Turn Rate Indicator 9 To/From Indicator

2 Selected Heading 10 Course Pointer
3 Current Track Indicator 11 Heading Bug
4 Lateral Deviation Scale 12 Flight Phase
5 Navigation Source 13 Selected Course/Desired
Track
6 Aircraft Symbol 14 Turn Rate/Heading
Trend Vector
7 Course Deviation Indicator
(CDI) 15 Current Heading
8 Rotating Compass Rose 16 Lubber Line

Figure 2-18 Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)

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The Arc HSI is a 140˚ expanded section of the compass rose. The Arc HSI contains a Course Pointer,
combined To/From Indicator and a sliding deviation indicator, and a deviation scale. Upon station passage, the
To/From Indicator flips and points to the tail of the aircraft, just like a conventional To/From flag. Depending
on the navigation source, the CDI on the Arc HSI can appear in two different ways, an arrowhead (GPS, VOR,
OBS) or a diamond (LOC).
Course Pointer Flight Phase Annunciation

Navigation
Source Course Deviation
and To/From
Indicator
Lateral
Deviation
Scale
Figure 2-19 Arc HSI

A digital reading of the current heading appears on top of the HSI. The current track is represented on the
HSI by a magenta diamond. To the upper left of the HSI, the Selected Heading is shown in light blue; the light
blue bug on the compass rose corresponds to the Selected Heading. The Desired Track (DTK) is shown in
magenta to the upper right of the HSI when the selected navigation source is GPS and OBS mode is not active.
The Selected Course (CRS) is shown to the upper right of the HSI in green when the selected navigation source
is VOR or LOC and in magenta when the selected navigation source is GPS with OBS mode active.
Adjusting the Selected Heading:
Turn the HDG Knob to set the Selected Heading on both PFDs.
Press the HDG Knob to synchronize the bug to the current heading.
Adjusting the Selected Course:
Turn the CRS Knob to set the Selected Course (for each PFD).
Press the CRS Knob to re-center the CDI and return the course pointer to the bearing of the active waypoint or

navigation station.
Current Track Indicator Current Heading

Selected Selected
Heading Course

Heading
Bug

Figure 2-20 Heading and Course Indications

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Navigation angles (track, heading, course, bearing) are corrected to the computed magnetic variation (Mag
Var) or referenced to true north (T), set on the MFD AUX - System Setup Page. When an approach referenced
to true north has been loaded into the flight plan, the system generates a message to change the navigation angle
setting to True at the appropriate time.

Figure 2-21 Heading and Course Indications (True)

Changing the navigation angle true/magnetic setting:

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight Nav Angle in the Display Units box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight the desired setting and press the ENT Key.
• TRUE - References angles to true north (T)
• MAGNETIC - Angles corrected to the computed magnetic variation (Mag Var)

Figure 2-22 System Setup Page, Navigation Angle Settings

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TURN RATE INDICATOR

The Turn Rate Indicator is located directly above the rotating compass rose. Tick marks to the left and right
of the lubber line denote half-standard and standard turn rates. A magenta Turn Rate Trend Vector shows the
current turn rate. The end of the trend vector gives the heading predicted in six seconds, based on the present
turn rate. A standard-rate turn is shown on the indicator by the trend vector stopping at the standard turn
rate tick mark, corresponding to a predicted heading of 18˚ from the current heading. At rates greater than 4
deg/sec, an arrowhead appears at the end of the magenta trend vector and the prediction is no longer valid.

Half-standard
Turn Rate
Arrow Shown
Standard for Turn Rate
Turn Rate > 4 deg/sec

Figure 2-23 Turn Rate Indicator and Trend Vector

BEARING POINTERS AND INFORMATION WINDOWS

Two bearing pointers and associated information can be displayed on the HSI for NAV, GPS, and ADF
sources. The bearing pointers are light blue and are single-line (BRG1) or double-line (BRG2). A pointer
symbol is shown in the information window to indicate the navigation source. The bearing pointers never
override the CDI and are visually separated from the CDI by a white ring. Bearing pointers may be selected
but not necessarily visible due to data unavailability.

Tuning Mode
Bearing 1 Bearing 2
Frequency Pointer Pointer
Distance

DME Information Window

No
Distance to Station Waypoint
Bearing Source Identifier Selected

Bearing Pointer Pointer Bearing

Source Icon Icon Source
Bearing 1 Information Window Bearing 2 Information Window

Figure 2-24 HSI with Bearing and DME Information

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When a bearing pointer is displayed, the associated information window is also displayed. The Bearing
Information windows are displayed at the lower sides of the HSI and give the following information:
• Bearing source (NAV, GPS, ADF) • Station/waypoint identifier (NAV, GPS)
• Pointer icon (BRG1 = single line, BRG2 = double line) • GPS-derived great circle distance to bearing
• Frequency (NAV, ADF) source

When the NAV radio is tuned to an ILS frequency the bearing source and the bearing pointer is removed
from the HSI. When NAV1 or NAV2 is the selected bearing source, the frequency is replaced by the station
identifier when the station is within range. If GPS is the bearing source, the active waypoint identifier is
displayed instead of a frequency.
The bearing pointer is removed from the HSI and ‘NO DATA’ is displayed in the information window if the
NAV radio is not receiving a VOR station or if GPS is the bearing source and an active waypoint is not selected.
When the Arc HSI is displayed, the Bearing Information windows and pointers are disabled.
Selecting bearing display and changing sources:
1) Select the PFD Softkey.
2) Select a BRG Softkey to display the desired bearing pointer and information window with a NAV source.
3) Select the BRG Softkey again to change the bearing source to GPS.
4) Select the BRG Softkey a third time to change the bearing source to ADF (ADF Radio installation is optional).
5) To remove the bearing pointer and information window, select the BRG Softkey again.

DME INFORMATION WINDOW

The DME Information Window is displayed above the Bearing 1 Information Window on the 360˚ HSI and
to the upper-left on the Arc HSI. It shows the DME label, tuning mode (NAV1, NAV2, or HOLD), frequency,
and distance. When a signal is invalid, the distance is replaced by –.– – NM. Refer to the Audio Panel and
CNS Section for information on DME tuning.
Displaying the DME Information Window:
1) Select the PFD Softkey.
2) Select the DME Softkey to display the DME Information Window.
3) To remove the DME Information Window, select the applicable DME Softkey again.

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COURSE DEVIATION INDICATOR (CDI)

NOTE: During a heading change of greater than 105˚ with respect to the course, the CDI on the Arc HSI
switches to the opposite side of the deviation scale and displays reverse sensing.

The Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) moves left or right from the course pointer along a lateral deviation
scale to display aircraft position relative to the course. If the course deviation data is not valid, the CDI is not
displayed.

360º HSI

Navigation Flight Arc HSI

Source Phase
Navigation Flight
Source Phase
Scale

Crosstrack
Error CDI CDI
CDI Scale

Figure 2-25 Course Deviation Indicator

The CDI can display two sources of navigation: GPS or NAV (VOR/LOC). The color indicates the current
navigation source: magenta for GPS or green for VOR and LOC. The full scale limits for the CDI are defined by
a GPS-derived distance when navigating GPS. When navigating using a VOR or localizer (LOC), the CDI has
the same angular limits as a mechanical CDI. If the CDI exceeds the maximum deviation on the scale (two dots)
while navigating with GPS, the crosstrack error (XTK) is displayed below the white aircraft symbol.

Yellow
Indicates
Navigation
Source
Selected on
Both PFDs not
Synchronized

Figure 2-26 Navigation Sources

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CHANGING NAVIGATION SOURCES:

1) Select the CDI Softkey to change from GPS to VOR1 or LOC1. This places the light blue tuning box over the
NAV1 standby frequency in the upper left corner of the PFD.
2) Select the CDI Softkey again to change from VOR1 or LOC1 to VOR2 or LOC2. This places the light blue tuning
box over the NAV2 standby frequency.
3) Select the CDI Softkey a third time to return to GPS.

NAV1 Selected for Tuning NAV2 Selected for Tuning

GPS LOC1 VOR2

Selected Selected Selected

Pressing the CDI Softkey

Cycles through
Navigation Sources

Figure 2-27 Selecting a Navigation Source

The system automatically switches from GPS to LOC navigation source and changes the CDI scaling accordingly
when all of the following occur:
• A localizer or ILS approach has been loaded into the active flight plan
• The Final Approach Fix (FAF) is the active leg, the FAF is less than 15 nm away, and the aircraft is moving
toward the FAF
• A valid localizer frequency has been tuned
• The GPS CDI deviation is less than 1.2 times full-scale deflection
GPS steering guidance is still provided after the CDI automatically switches to LOC until LOC capture, up
to the Final Approach Fix (FAF) for an ILS approach, or until GPS information becomes invalid. Activating a
Vector-to-Final (VTF) also causes the CDI to switch to LOC navigation source. GPS steering guidance is not
provided after the switch.
If the same VOR/LOC navigation source is selected on both PFDs, the navigation source annunciation turns
yellow on both displays if not synchronized. Once the CDIs are synchronized (CDI Synchronization turned
on), they remain synchronized until the selection is changed. When turning on the system for use, it remembers
the last CDI synchronization setting.

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Synchronizing the CDIs:

1) Select the AUX - System Setup Page using the FMS Knob.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight CDI in the Synchronization box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to ON or counterclockwise to OFF.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.

Figure 2-28 System Setup Page, CDI Synchronization

GPS CDI SCALING

When GPS is the selected navigation source, the flight plan legs are sequenced automatically and
annunciations appear on the HSI for the flight phase. Flight phase annunciations are normally shown in
magenta, but when cautionary conditions exist the color changes to yellow. If the current leg in the flight plan
is a heading leg, HDG LEG is annunciated in magenta beneath the aircraft symbol.
The current GPS CDI scale setting is displayed as System CDI on the AUX - System Setup Page and the full-
scale deflection setting may also be changed (2.0 nm, 1.0 nm, 0.3 nm, or Auto) from this page. If the selected
scaling is smaller than the automatic setting for enroute and terminal phases, the CDI is scaled accordingly
and the selected setting is displayed rather than the flight phase annunciation.
Changing the selected GPS CDI setting:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight Selected in the GPS CDI box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight the desired setting and press the ENT Key.
5) To cancel the selection, press the FMS Knob or the CLR Key.

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Figure 2-29 System Setup Page, GPS CDI Setting

When set to Auto (default), the GPS CDI scale automatically adjusts to the desired limits based upon the
current phase of flight (Figure 2-30, Table 2-2).
CDI Full-scale Deflection

2.0 nm
1.0 nm

1.0 nm

1.0 nm
0.3 nm

0.3 nm
Refer to accompanying
approach CDI scaling figures

Missed
Departure Terminal Enroute Terminal Approach
(Oceanic 4.0 nm if >200 nm
Approach
from nearest airport)

Figure 2-30 Automatic CDI Scaling

• Once a departure procedure is activated, the CDI is scaled for departure (0.3 nm).
• The system switches from departure to terminal CDI scaling (1.0 nm) under the following conditions:
- The next leg in the departure procedure is not aligned with the departure runway
- The next leg in the departure procedure is not a CA, CD, CF, CI, CR, DF, FA, FC, FD, FM, IF, or TF leg
(see Glossary for leg type definitions)
- After any leg in the departure procedure that is not a CA or FA leg

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• At 30 nm from the departure airport the enroute phase of flight is automatically entered and CDI scaling
changes to 2.0 nm over a distance of 1.0 nm, except under the following conditions:
- When navigating with an active departure procedure, the flight phase and CDI scale does not change
until the aircraft arrives at the last departure waypoint (if more than 30 nm from the departure airport) or
the leg after the last departure waypoint has been activated or a direct-to waypoint is activated.
• If after completing the departure procedure the nearest airport is more than 200 nm away from the aircraft
and the approach procedure has not yet commenced, the CDI is scaled for oceanic flight (4.0 nm).
• Within 31 nm of the destination airport (terminal area), the CDI scale gradually ramps down from 2.0 nm
to 1.0 nm over a distance of 1.0 nm, except under the following conditions:
- Upon reaching the first waypoint of an arrival route that is more than 31 nm from the destination airport,
the flight phase changes to terminal and the CDI scale begins to transition down from 2.0 nm to 1.0 nm
over a distance of 1.0 nm.
• During approach, the CDI scale ramps down even further (Figures 2-28 and 2-29). This transition normally
occurs within 2.0 nm of the Final Approach Fix (FAF). The CDI switches to approach scaling automatically
once the approach procedure is active or if Vectors-To-Final (VTF) are selected.
- If the active waypoint is the FAF, the ground track and the bearing to the FAF must be within 45° of the
final approach segment course.
- If the active waypoint is part of the missed approach procedure, the active leg and the preceding missed
approach legs must be aligned with the final approach segment course and the aircraft must not have
passed the turn initiation point.

CDI scale is set to the smaller of 0.3 nm

CDI Full-scale Deflection

CDI Full-scale Deflection

or an angle set by the system

1.0 nm

1.0 nm
0.3 nm

0.3 nm
course width
angle based
350 ft

angle set
by system on database
information
2 nm 2 nm
FAF FAF Landing
Threshold

CDI scale varies if VTF is activated CDI scale varies if VTF is activated

Figure 2-31 Typical LNAV and LNAV+V Approach Service Level Figure 2-32 Typical LNAV/VNAV, LP, LP+V and LPV Approach
CDI Scaling Service Level CDI Scaling

• When a missed approach is activated, the CDI scale changes to 0.3 nm.
• The system automatically switches back to terminal mode under the following conditions:
- The next leg in the missed approach procedure is not aligned with the final approach path
- The next leg in the missed approach procedure is not a CA, CD, CF, CI, CR, DF, FA, FC, FD, FM, IF, or TF leg
- After any leg in the missed approach procedure that is not a CA or FA leg

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Flight Phase Annunciation* Automatic CDI Full-scale Deflection

Departure DPRT 0.3 nm
Terminal TERM 1.0 nm
Enroute ENR 2.0 nm
Oceanic OCN 4.0 nm
Approach
LNAV
(Non-precision)
1.0 nm decreasing to 350 feet depending on
Approach variables (see Figure 2-31)
(Non-precision with LNAV + V
Vertical Guidance)
Approach
L/VNAV
(LNAV/VNAV)
Approach
LP
(LP) 1.0 nm decreasing to a specified course width, then
Approach 0.3 nm, depending on variables (see Figure 2-32)
LP+V
(LP+V)
Approach
LPV
(LPV)
Missed Approach MAPR 0.3 nm
* Flight phase annunciations are normally shown in magenta, but when cautionary
conditions exist the color changes to yellow.
Table 2-2 Automatic GPS CDI Scaling

OBS MODE

NOTE: VNV is inhibited while automatic waypoint sequencing has been suspended.

Enabling Omni-bearing Selector (OBS) Mode suspends the automatic sequencing of waypoints in a GPS
flight plan (GPS must be the selected navigation source), but retains the current Active-to waypoint as the
navigation reference even after passing the waypoint. OBS is annunciated to the lower right of the aircraft
symbol when OBS Mode is selected.
While OBS Mode is enabled, a course line is drawn through the Active-to waypoint on the moving map. If
desired, the course to/from the waypoint can now be adjusted. When OBS Mode is disabled, the GPS flight
plan returns to normal operation with automatic sequencing of waypoints, following the course set in OBS
Mode. The flight path on the moving map retains the modified course line.

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GPS
Selected
Extended
Course
Line
OBS Mode
Enabled

Pressing the OBS Pressing the OBS

Softkey Enables Softkey Again
OBS Mode Disables OBS Mode

Figure 2-33 Omni-bearing Selector (OBS) Mode

Enabling/disabling OBS Mode while navigating a GPS flight plan:

1) Select the OBS Softkey to select OBS Mode.
2) Turn the CRS Knob to select the desired course to/from the waypoint. Press the CRS Knob to synchronize the
Selected Course with the bearing to the next waypoint.
3) Select the OBS Softkey again to return to automatic waypoint sequencing.
As the aircraft crosses the missed approach point (MAP), automatic approach waypoint sequencing is
suspended. SUSP appears on the HSI at the lower right of the aircraft symbol. The OBS Softkey label
changes to indicate the suspension is active as shown in Figure 2-34. Selecting the SUSP Softkey, deactivates
the suspension and resumes automatic sequencing of approach waypoints.

SUSP
Annunciation

SUSP
Softkey

Figure 2-34 Suspending Automatic Waypoint Sequencing

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2.2 SUPPLEMENTAL FLIGHT DATA

NOTE: Selecting the DFLTS Softkey (under the PFD Softkey menu on the PFD) turns off the metric altimeter
display, the Inset Map, and wind data display.
In addition to the flight instruments, the PFDs also display various supplemental information, including
temperatures, wind data, and Vertical Navigation (VNV) indications.

TEMPERATURE DISPLAYS
The Total and Static air temperatures (TAT and SAT) are displayed in the lower left of the PFD under normal
conditions, or underneath the Airspeed Indicator in reversionary display mode. Both are displayed in degrees
Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F) as configured by the installation personnel.

Normal
Display

Reversionary
Mode

Figure 2-35 Total and Static Air Temperatures

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WIND DATA
Wind direction and speed in knots can be displayed relative to the aircraft in a window to the upper left of
the HSI. When the window is selected for display, but wind information is invalid or unavailable, the window
displays ‘NO WIND DATA’. Valid wind data can be displayed in three different ways:

Option 1 Option 2

Option 3 No Data

Figure 2-36 Wind Data

Displaying wind data:

1) Select the PFD Softkey.
2) Select the WIND Softkey to access the wind data display options.
3) Select one of the OPTN softkeys to change how wind data is displayed below the Selected Heading:
• OPTN 1: Wind direction arrows with numeric headwind/tailwind and crosswind components
• OPTN 2: Wind direction arrow with numeric True direction and numeric speed
• OPTN 3: Wind direction arrow with headwind (H) or tailwind (T) and crosswind (X) speed components
4) To remove the window, select the OFF Softkey.

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VERTICAL NAVIGATION (VNV) INDICATIONS

When a VNV flight plan has been activated, VNV indications (VNV Target Altitude, RVSI, VDI) appear on the
PFD in conjunction with the ‘TOD within 1 minute’ visual annunciation and “Vertical track” voice alert. See
the Flight Management and AFCS sections for details on VNV features. VNV indications are removed from the
PFD according to the criteria listed in Table 2-3.
Top of Descent Message

VNV Target
Altitude

Vertical
Deviation
Indicator

Required
Vertical Speed
Indicator

GPS is
Selected Enroute
Navigation Phase of
Source Flight

Figure 2-37 Vertical Navigation Indications (PFD)

VNV Indication Removed

Criteria Required Vertical Vertical VNV Target
Speed (RVSI) Deviation (VDI) Altitude
Aircraft > 1 min before the next TOD due to flight plan change X X X
VNV cancelled (CNCL VNV Softkey selected on MFD) X X X
Distance to active waypoint cannot be computed due to
unsupported flight plan leg type (see Flight Management X X X
Section)
Aircraft > 250 feet below active VNV Target Altitude X X X
Current crosstrack or track angle error has exceeded limit X X X
Active altitude-constrained waypoint can not be reached within
X X
maximum allowed flight path angle and vertical speed
Table 2-3 VNV Indication Removal Criteria

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2.3 PFD ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTING FUNCTIONS

The following annunciations and alerting functions are displayed on the PFD. Refer to Appendix A for more
information on alerts and annunciations.

SYSTEM ANNUNCIATIONS
The System Messages Window conveys messages to the flight crew regarding problems with the Prodigy®System.
When a new message is issued, the MSG Softkey flashes to alert the flight crew. It continues to flash until
selected, which opens the System Messages Window and acknowledges the message(s) which initiated the
flashing. When the window is open, messages for which the trigger conditions no longer exist turn gray.
Messages generated while the window is open are not automatically displayed, but cause the MSG Softkey to
begin flashing again. Pressing the MSG Softkey while the System Messages Window is open closes the window,
unless the MSG Softkey is flashing.
Critical values generated by redundant sensors are monitored by comparators. If differences in the sensors
exceed a specified amount, the Comparator Window appears in the upper right corner of the PFD and the
discrepancy is annunciated in the Comparator Window as a MISCOMP (miscompare). If one or both of the
sensed values are unavailable, it is annunciated as a NO COMP (no compare).
Reversionary sensor selection is annunciated in a window on the right side of the PFD. These annunciations
reflect reversionary sensors selected on one or both PFDs. Pressing the SENSOR Softkey accesses the ADC1,
ADC2, ADCSTBY, AHRS1, AHRS2, and ATTSTBY softkeys. These softkeys allow switching of the sensors
being viewed on each PFD. With certain types of sensor failures, the system may make some sensor selections
automatically. The GPS sensor cannot be switched manually.

Comparator
Window

Reversionary
Sensor
Window

CAS Window

System
Messages
Window

Softkey
Annunciation
Figure 2-38 Prodigy Alerting System

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MARKER BEACON ANNUNCIATIONS

Marker Beacon Annunciations are displayed on the PFD to the left of the Selected Altitude. Outer marker
reception is indicated in blue, middle in yellow, and inner in white. Refer to the Audio Panel and CNS Section
for more information on Marker Beacon Annunciations.
Outer Marker Middle Marker Inner Marker

Altimeter

Figure 2-39 Marker Beacon Annunciations

TRAFFIC ANNUNCIATIONS
Traffic is displayed symbolically on the Inset Map (PFD), the Navigation Map Page (MFD), and various
other MFD page maps. Refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section and Appendix F for more details about the
Traffic Information Service (TIS) and optional Traffic Collision Avoidance System II (TCAS II). When a Traffic
Advisory (TA) or TCAS II Resolution Advisory (RA) detected, the following automatically occur:
• The PFD Inset Map is enabled, displaying traffic.
• A flashing black-on-yellow (TA) TRAFFIC annunciation or white-on red (RA) TRAFFIC annunciation appears
to the top left of the Attitude Indicator for five seconds and remains displayed until no TAs or RAs are detected
in the area.
• One or more traffic voice alerts are generated.
• For TCAS II installations with an active RA, vertical guidance pitch cues will appear on the Attitude Indicator
and Vertical Speed Indicator; see the Hazard Avoidance Section for details about TCAS II.

PFD TA Annunciation Traffic

Symbols

PFD RA Annunciation
(TCAS II Only)
PFD Inset Map with TIS Traffic Displayed

Figure 2-40 Traffic Annunciation and Inset Map with Traffic Displayed

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TAWS ANNUNCIATIONS
Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) annunciations appear on the PFD to the left of the Selected
Altitude readout. In TAWS-A installations, additional annunciations also appear above the Roll Scale. Refer to
the Hazard Avoidance Section and Appendix A for information on TAWS alerts and annunciations.

Figure 2-41 Example TAWS-A Annunciations

ALTITUDE ALERTING
The Altitude Alerting function provides visual and audio alerts when approaching the Selected Altitude.
Whenever the Selected Altitude is changed, Altitude Alerting is reset. Altitude Alerting is based on the altitude
information shown on PFD1. Altitude Alerting is independent of the AFCS.
The following occur when approaching the Selected Altitude:
• Upon passing through 1000 feet of the Selected Altitude, the Selected Altitude Box changes to black text on
a light blue background, flashes for five seconds, and an aural tone is generated.
• When the aircraft passes within 200 feet of the Selected Altitude, the Selected Altitude changes to light blue
text on a black background and flashes for five seconds.
• After reaching the Selected Altitude, if the aircraft flies outside the deviation band (±200 feet of the Selected
Altitude), the Selected Altitude Box changes to yellow text on a black background, flashes for five seconds. In
addition, two aural tones are generated followed by an “Altitude” voice alert.
Within 1000 ft Within 200 ft Deviation of ±200 ft

Figure 2-42 Altitude Alerting Visual Annunciations

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LOW ALTITUDE ANNUNCIATION

NOTE: A Low Altitude Annunciation is available only when SBAS is available, and TAWS alerting is inhibited,
has failed, or is unavailable.
When the Final Approach Fix (FAF) is the active waypoint in a RNAV GPS approach using vertical guidance,
a Low Altitude Annunciation may appear if the current aircraft altitude is at least 164 feet below the prescribed
altitude at the FAF. A black-on-yellow LOW ALT annunciation appears to the top left of the altimeter, flashing
for several seconds then remaining displayed until the condition is resolved.

Figure 2-43 Low Altitude on GPS SBAS Approach

STEEP APPROACH (OPTIONAL)

The optional steep approach mode is available when flaps are fully extended and the speed brake switch is
positioned in the OPEN position. ‘STEEP’ is annunciated in green and black next to the attitude indicator.

Figure 2-44 Steep Approach Annunciation

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MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE/DECISION HEIGHT ALERTING

For altitude awareness, a Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) or Decision Height (DH), based on barometric
altitude can be set. When active, the altitude setting is displayed to the lower left of the altimeter and with a
bug at the corresponding altitude along the altimeter (once the altitude is within the visible range of the tape).
The following visual annunciations alert the pilot when approaching MDA or DH:
• When the aircraft altitude descends to within 2500 feet of the MDA/DH setting, the BARO MIN, RA MIN, or
COMP MIN box appears with the altitude in light blue (or magenta for COMP MIN) text. The bug appears
on the altitude tape in light blue (or magenta for COMP MIN) once in range.
• When the aircraft passes through 100 feet of the MDA/DH, the bug and text turn white.
• Once the aircraft reaches MDA/DH, the bug and text appear yellow and the system issues a “Minimums.
Minimums” voice alert.
Within 2500 ft Within 100 ft Altitude Reached

Barometric
Minimum
Bug
Barometric
Minimum
Box
Figure 2-45 Barometric MDA/DH Alerting Visual Annunciations

Alerting is inhibited while the aircraft is on the ground and until the aircraft reaches 150 feet above the setting
for the alert. If the aircraft proceeds to climb after having reached the MDA/DH, once it reaches 50 feet above
the MDA/DH, alerting is disabled.
The MDA/DH may be set from either PFD and is synchronized on both PFDs. The function is reset when the
power is cycled or another approach is activated.

NOTE: The temperature at the destination can be entered in the REFERENCES Window on the PFD, or
TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Window on the MFD. There is only one compensation temperature
for the system, therefore, changing the temperature will affect both the loaded approach altitudes and
the minimums. Refer to the Flight Management section for information about applying temperature
compensation to approach altitudes.

Setting the Minimum Descent Altitude/Decision Height:

1) Press the TMR/REF Softkey.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Minimums field (Figure 2-46).
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select from barometric altitude (BARO), barometric altitude with temperature
compensation (TEMP COMP), or radar altimeter (RAD ALT). OFF is selected by default. Press the ENT Key or
turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the next field.

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4) Use the small FMS Knob to enter the desired altitude (BARO or TEMP COMP from zero to 16,000 feet, RAD
ALT from zero to 2,500 feet ). If TEMP COMP was selected, a field for entering the airport temperature appears.
Press the ENT Key or turn the large FMS Knob to highlight this field, and use the small FMS Knob to enter the
temperature.
5) To remove the window, press the CLR Key or press the TMR/REF Softkey.

Figure 2-46 BARO and TEMP COMP MDA/DH

RADAR ALTIMETER
When the radar height (the aircraft altitude above ground level detected by the radar altimeter) is between
zero and 2500 feet, the current value is displayed in green above the selected course box (Figure 2-47). Display
of radar height becomes more sensitive as the height above ground decreases (Table 2-4).

Radar Altimeter

Figure 2-47 Current Radar Height

Radar Height Range Shown to Nearest

0 to 200 feet 5 feet
200 to 1500 feet 10 feet
1500 to 2500 feet 50 feet

Table 2-4 Radar Altimeter Sensitivity

When the radar altimeter is selected as the altitude source for the minimum descent altitude/decision height
alerting function (Figure 2-48), the color of the radar height changes to yellow upon descent to or below this
altitude (Figure 2-49). Refer to the Minimum Descent Altitude/Decision Height Alerting discussion in this
section for more information about this function.

Figure 2-48 RAD ALT Setting (Timer/References Window)

Figure 2-49 RA as Altitude Source for MDA/DH

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A ground line (Figure 2-50) is shown on the Altimeter to display the aircraft’s height relative to the ground.
Gray diagonal lines appear below the ground line. If the radar altimeter data becomes invalid, the message ‘RA
FAIL’ is displayed in yellow instead of the current radar height (Figure 2-51).

Ground
Radar Altimeter Line

Radar Altimeter
Minimums Box
Figure 2-50 Altimeter Displaying the Ground Line (RAD ALT)

Figure 2-51 Radar Altimeter Invalid Data

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2.4 ABNORMAL OPERATIONS

ALTITUDE ALERTING
Under normal conditions, the Altitude Alerting function is based on the Selected Altitude shown on PFD
1. If the MFD is operating in Reversionary Mode, the Selected Altitude shown on the MFD will be used for
Altitude Alerting instead. If the MFD has also failed, then Altitude Alerting will be based on the PFD 2 Selected
Altitude.

ABNORMAL GPS CONDITIONS

The annunciations listed in the table can appear on the HSI when abnormal GPS conditions occur. Refer to
the Flight Management Section for more information on Dead Reckoning Mode.

Annunciation Location Description

Lower left of Loss of Integrity Monitoring–GPS integrity is insufficient for the current
LOI
aircraft symbol phase of flight
Lower left of Integrity OK–GPS integrity has been restored to within normal limits
INTEG OK
aircraft symbol (annunciation displayed for five seconds)
Upper right of Dead Reckoning–System is using projected position rather than GPS position
DR
aircraft symbol to compute navigation data and sequence active flight plan waypoints

Table 2-5 Abnormal GPS Conditions Annunciated on HSI

Figure 2-52 Example HSI Annunciations

In DR Mode the CDI is removed from the display when GPS is the selected navigation source. In addition, all
GPS-derived data is computed based upon an estimated position and is displayed as yellow text on the display
to denote degraded navigation source information. This data includes the following:
• Navigation Status Box fields except Active Leg, TAS, and DTK
• GPS Bearing Pointer
• Wind data and pointers in the Wind Data Box on the PFD
• Track Indicator
• All Bearing Pointer Distances
• Active Flight Plan distances, bearings, and ETE values
• Groundspeed

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These items should be verified when operating in Dead Reckoning Mode.

It is important to note that estimated navigation data supplied by the system in DR Mode may become
increasingly unreliable and must not be used as a sole means of navigation. See the Flight Management section
for more information about DR Mode

HEADING FAILURE MODES

If the system is unable to determine the aircraft heading, but GPS-based track information is available, the
HSI displays the ground track instead of heading using HSI Track Mode. In this mode, a magenta ‘TRK’
annunciation and track readout appear on the HSI. In addition, a yellow ‘HDG’ annunciation with a red X
appear above the ‘TRK’ annunciation to indicate the HSI is displaying track instead of heading.
If both the heading and track are unavailable, the HSI displays a yellow ‘HDG’ annunciation with a red X over
the heading readout box. The system also removes directional numbers and letters from the HSI.

HSI Track Mode (Heading Unavailable, Track Available) Heading and Track Unavailable
Figure 2-53 Heading Failure Displays on the HSI

NOTE: When heading information is unavailable, the system removes the bearing pointers from the HSI, and
removes wind data from the PFD and navigation maps.

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UNUSUAL ATTITUDES
When the aircraft enters an unusual pitch attitude, red extreme pitch warning chevrons pointing toward the
horizon are displayed on the Attitude Indicator, starting at 50˚ above and 30˚ below the horizon line.
Nose High Nose Low

Figure 2-54 Pitch Attitude Warnings

If pitch exceeds +30˚/-20˚ or bank exceeds 65˚, some information displayed on the PFD is removed. The
Altimeter and Airspeed, Attitude, Vertical Speed, and Horizontal Situation indicators remain on the display
and the Bearing Information, Alerts, and Annunciation windows can be displayed during such situations. The
following information is removed from the PFD (and corresponding softkeys are disabled) when the aircraft
experiences unusual attitudes:
• Traffic Annunciations • Selected Course/Desired Track • Selected Altitude
• AFCS Annunciations Box • VNV Target Altitude
• Flight director Command Bars • Transponder Status Box • Windows displayed in the lower
• Inset Map • System Time right corner of the PFD:

• Total Air Temperature (TAT) • PFD Setup Menu – Timer/References

• Static Air Temperature (SAT) • Minimum Descent Altitude/ – Nearest Airports

Decision Height readout – Flight Plan
• Airspeed Reference
• Vertical Deviation, Glideslope, – Messages
• DME Information Window and Glidepath Indicators
• Wind data – Procedures
• Altimeter Barometric Setting
• Selected Heading Box – ADF/DME Tuning

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SECTION 3 ENGINE AND AIRFRAME SYSTEMS

NOTE: Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for limitations.

The system offers improved flight operations and reduces crew workload by automatically monitoring critical
system parameters and providing system alerts during all phases of flight using the following:
• The Engine Indication System (EIS) displays electrical, fuel, engine, pressurization, and flight control
information on the left side of the Multi Function Display (MFD).
• Synoptics pages are provided for monitoring the status of the doors, brakes, hydraulics, oxygen, pressurization,
environmental control, electrical, fuel, and de-icing systems.
In combination with these, aural alerts, additional avionics messages, and master indicators are used to inform
the crew of aberrant flight conditions. The system also provides an improved level of maintenance data for the
ground crew.
MFD

EIS
Display

Figure 3-1 EICAS (Normal)

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In the event of a display failure, depending on the failed display(s), the operating display(s) may be re-configured
to present Primary Flight Display (PFD) symbology together with condensed EIS information (refer to the System
Overview for more information about Reversionary Mode).

EIS
Display

Figure 3-2 EICAS (Reversionary Mode)

The SYSTEM Softkey accesses the EIS softkeys. The STATUS, ECS, ELEC, FUEL, ICEPROT, and ENG MNT
softkeys or the small FMS Knob access the Synoptic pages (see Section 3.2). To return to the previous softkey
level and exit the Synoptics pages, select the BACK Softkey, press the CLR Key, or turn the large FMS Knob.
SYSTEM

ENG SET CPDLC LFE STATUS ECS ELEC FUEL ICEPROT ENG MNT BACK CHKLIST

CON CLB OAT OAT ATR ON ATR OFF ACCEPT BACK

Press the BACK Softkey to return

to the previous level softkeys.
FMS LFE +500 FT -500 FT +50 FT -50 FT ACCEPT BACK

CPDLC CLEAR E1 CLEAR E2 BACK CHKLIST

Figure 3-3 EIS and Synoptics Softkeys

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• ENG SET Accesses the FADEC settings softkeys; displays the Takeoff Data Set Window when aircraft is
parked or taxiing
CON* Selects the continuous thrust rating
CLB* Selects the maximum climb thrust rating
OAT ** Increases the takeoff outside air temperature (OAT) setting in one-degree Celsius (°C)
increments
OAT ** Decreases the takeoff OAT setting in one-degree Celsius (°C) increments
ATR ON** Enables Automatic Thrust Reserve (ATR)
ATR OFF** Disables ATR
ACCEPT** Confirms the selected takeoff settings
• LFE Accesses softkeys for manually setting the Landing Field Elevation (LFE)
FMS LFE Sets current flight plan destination elevation as displayed LFE
+500 FT Increases currently displayed LFE value by 500 ft
-500 FT Decreases currently displayed LFE value by 500 ft
+50 FT Increases currently displayed LFE value by 50 ft
-50 FT Decreases currently displayed LFE value by 50 ft
ACCEPT Confirms the LFE setting and returns to the previous softkey level
• STATUS Displays the Status Synoptics Page
• ECS Displays the Environmental Control System (ECS) Synoptics Page
• ELEC Displays the Electrical Synoptics Page
• FUEL Displays the Fuel Synoptics Page
• ICEPROT Displays the Ice Protection Synoptics Page
• ENG MNT*** Displays the Engine Maintenance Page
CLEAR E1*** Clears Engine 1 exceedances and long time dispatch faults
CLEAR E2*** Clears Engine 2 exceedances and long time dispatch faults
* Softkey disabled while aircraft is on the ground
** Softkey disabled while aircraft is in the air
*** Enabled only while the aircraft is on the ground and engines are turned off

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3.1 ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM (EIS)

EIS information is presented using gauges and digital displays. During normal operating conditions, gauge
pointers and display text appear in green. When unsafe operating conditions occur, gauge pointers and displays
change color to indicate caution (amber) or warning (red). Refer to each indicator description for additional
details on display behavior.
If the time limit for an unsafe condition is exceeded, the color of the pointers and digits may change to denote
an increase in priority level. Parameters out of the range display a red ‘X’. If sensor data for a parameter becomes
invalid or unavailable, a red “X” appears across the indicator and/or display.

1 1

2
2

3
3 4
4

5
5
6
7
6 7

8
9

9
10 8 10

11
11

Figure 3-4 EICAS Display (Normal) Figure 3-5 EIS Display (Reversionary)

1 Engine Fan Rotation Speed 4 Oil Pressure and Temperature 8 Spoiler Status
2 Interstage Turbine 5 Fuel Display 9 Landing Gear Status
Temperature (ITT)
3 Engine High Pressure 6 Battery Voltmeter 10 Flap Indicator
Compressor Rotation Speed 7 Pressurization Display 11 Trim Indicator

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TAKEOFF DATA SET WINDOW

When the aircraft is parked or is taxiing, the Outside Air Temperature (OAT) for the departure airport can be
set and Automatic Thrust Reserve (ATR) enabled/disabled in the Takeoff Data Set Window.

Figure 3-6 Takeoff Data Set Window

Setting the Outside Air Temperature (OAT):

1) Select the SYSTEM Softkey.
2) Select the ENG SET Softkey to display the Takeoff Data Set Window.
3) To adjust the temperature in 1 °C increments, use the OAT and OAT softkeys,
4) If desired, change the ATR status while the Takeoff Data Set Window is displayed.
5) To confirm the selected takeoff settings and close the Takeoff Data Set Window, select the ACCEPT Softkey,
Or:
To cancel the operation, select the BACK Softkey.

On aircraft electrical power-up, Automatic Thrust Reserve (ATR) is enabled by default. ATR status (defined
in Table 3-1) is shown at the top of the EIS Display (Figure 3-7).

Indication* Description
ATR ATR enabled in both engines
ATR ATR armed in both engines, but inactive
TO - RSV ATR activated in at least one engine
GA - RSV ATR activated in at least one engine in
Go-Around Mode
* When no indication is shown, ATR has not been
enabled or armed in both engines.
Table 3-1 Automatic Thrust Reserve (ATR) Status

Disabling/enabling Automatic Thrust Reserve (ATR):

1) Select the SYSTEM Softkey.
2) Select the ENG SET Softkey to display the Takeoff Data Set Window.

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3) To disable ATR, select the ATR OFF Softkey;

Or:
To enable ATR, select the ATR ON Softkey.

4) If desired, change the OAT while the Takeoff Data Set Window is displayed.
5) To confirm the selected takeoff settings and close the Takeoff Data Set Window, select the ACCEPT Softkey,
Or:
To cancel the operation, select the BACK Softkey.


ENGINE INDICATIONS
Automatic Thrust Thrust Rating
Reserve Status
Commanded Thrust Rating
N1 Rating Max Speed
Minimum Anti-Ice N1 for Thrust
N1 Bug Rating Max Speed
Engine Fan N1 Transient Limit
Speed

ITT Steady State

Interstage Turbine Limit
Temperature
ITT Transient Limit
Ignition Status
Engine High Pressure
Compressor Speed
Oil Pressure
Oil Temperature

Figure 3-7 Engine and Oil Indications

The upper portion of the EIS Display is devoted to showing indications for the engines: engine stage
rotation speeds (N1 and N2; shown as percentages), ATR status, thrust rating information, Interstage Turbine
Temperatures (ITT; degrees Celsius, °C), and oil pressure (pounds per square inch, psi) and temperature (°C).
The N1 gauges indicate the engine fan rotation speeds, while the N2 displays show the engine high pressure
compressor rotation speeds. Both are shown as percentages. Values and limits are obtained from the Full
Authority Digital Engine Controller (FADEC).
On the N1 gauges, the following indications can be displayed:
• Commanded N1 Rating (based on Thrust Lever Angle, TLA, position) – When the current N1 value is below
the commanded rating, a cyan arc is drawn from the current to the commanded N1 value.
• N1 value corresponding to the Thrust Rating Maximum Speed (shown as a cyan T-shaped bug)
• Minimum Anti-Ice N1 Bug – Indicates which N1 should be commanded for full anti-ice capacity (shown as
a cyan tick mark)

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• Engine shutdown (normal operations) – When the engines are shutting down normally, the N1 gauges display
a cyan “OFF” annunciation (Figure 3-8).

Figure 3-8 Engine Shutdown Indication

Interstage Turbine Temperatures (ITT) values and limits are obtained from the Full Authority Digital Engine
Control (FADEC). Ignition status appears below the ‘IGN’ label beside the ITT scales (A, B, AB, or OFF).

THRUST RATING
The thrust rating for the engines is shown at the center top of the EIS Display, above and between the N1
gauges (see Table 3-2 for indications). The maximum value of the speed range (in kt) for the displayed thrust
rating is shown above each N1 gauge. While the aircraft is in the air, the rating can be changed to suit the
conditions for maximum climb or continuous thrust.
Indication Thrust Rating
CRZ Cruise
CLB Max Climb
CON Continuous
TO Takeoff
GA Go Around

Table 3-2 Thrust Rating Indications

Selecting a thrust rating:
1) Select the SYSTEM Softkey.
2) Select the ENG SET Softkey
3) To choose the continuous thrust rating, select the CON Softkey,
Or:
To choose the maximum climb thrust rating, select the CLB Softkey.

4) Select the BACK Softkey to return to the previous softkey level.

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FUEL AND ELECTRICAL INDICATIONS

The fuel display is located beneath the oil indicators and shows the fuel flow in pounds per hour (pph) and
the tank fuel quantity in pounds (lb) for each engine, the total fuel quantity, and the fuel tank temperature in
°C. The factory can also configure the Fuel Display for metric units.

Engine Fuel Flow

Tank Fuel Quantity
Total Fuel Quantity
Fuel Temperature
Figure 3-9 Fuel Display

Voltages for batteries 1 and 2 are shown as displays below the fuel indications.

Figure 3-10 Electrical Display

CABIN PRESSURIZATION
The Cabin Display shows cabin pressurization information (cabin altitude and rate of change, differential
cabin pressure) is shown along with the Landing Field Elevation (LFE) and oxygen system pressure. The trend
of cabin pressure altitude rate change is indicated by a green arrow beside the rate display.
The LFE is set automatically based on the destination in the active flight plan by pressing the FMS LFE
Softkey, but can also be adjusted manually by the pilot. Automatically entered values appear in green; if the
value is entered by the pilot, it changes to cyan. Pilot-selected LFE is amber for 30 seconds when a difference
of >5 feet occurs. A red “X” is displayed if the LFE is out of range or the data source is invalid.
If the landing field elevation is high enough, the indication “HI FIELD” is shown at the top of the Cabin
Display and the cabin altitude caution and warning thresholds are increased to avoid generation of nuisance
alert indications.

High Landing
Field Elevation
Pressure Altitude
Pressure Change Rate
Pressure Differential
Landing Field Elevation
Oxygen System Pressure

Figure 3-11 Cabin Pressure Display

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Setting the displayed landing field elevation:

1) Select the SYSTEM Softkey.
2) Select the LFE Softkey.
3) Select the FMS LFE Softkey to set the LFE to the value for the destination airport in the current flight plan.
Or:
Use the ±500 and ±50 FT softkeys to set the desired elevation.

4) To confirm the new LFE value, select the ACCEPT Softkey.

SPOILER AND LANDING GEAR

Spoiler and landing gear statuses are shown using the indications in Tables 3-3 and 3-4, respectively.

Indication Description
Spoiler
Status
Landing Gear Down
Nose Landing
Gear
Left-side Main Right-side Main Landing Gear Up
Landing Gear Landing Gear
Figure 3-12 Spoiler and Landing Gear Transitioning
Landing Gear Indications (Normal)

Landing Gear Locked Down

Indication Description (Abnormal)
Invalid information Landing Gear Locked Up
Spoilers out of takeoff (Abnormal)
SPDBRK
configuration Landing Gear Transitioning
FAIL Spoilers failed (Abnormal)
CLOSED Spoilers retracted
GND SPLR Ground spoilers deployed Table 3-4 Landing Gear Position Indications
SPDBRK Speedbrakes deployed
STEEP Steep Mode enabled (optional)

Table 3-3 Spoiler Indications

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FLAPS AND TRIM

Flap deflection is normally displayed beneath the trim indications using a rotating pointer and a green display
indicating the flap lever setting (0, 1, 2, 3, or FULL). A cyan bug marks the selected flap position. When the
flap is in motion, the display is dashed. If the position data becomes invalid, the flap pointer is removed and
a red “X” is displayed.
Pitch, roll, and yaw trim indications are shown along scales at the bottom of the EIS Display. If the trim
information becomes invalid, the pointers are removed and a red “X” (for pitch) is displayed.
Flap
Position
Flap
Lever Flap
Setting Selected
Bug

Figure 3-13 Flap and Trim Indications

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3.2 SYNOPTICS
The Synoptics pages show current conditions of certain aircraft functionalities on aviation system diagrams,
reducing workload by allowing the flight crew to rapidly analyze the situation. Aircraft systems graphically
depicted in the synoptic diagrams include:
• Anti-ice system • Fuel system
• Brake system • Hydraulics system
• Doors • Oxygen system
• Electrical system • Pressurization system
• Environmental system

SYSTEM STATUS
The Status Synoptics Page is displayed after the power-up splash screen is acknowledged on the MFD. The
aircraft diagram displays open passenger and emergency doors in red and open baggage doors in amber.

4 5 6
3
2 7
1 8
9
11

10

1 Total Air Temperature (TAT) 7 Hydraulic Pressure

2 International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) 8 Oxygen
3 Total Air Temperature (TAT) 9 Emergency Brake Accumulator Pressure
4 Flight ID 10 Door Status
5 Static Air Temperature (SAT) 11 Electrical Status
6 Engine Dispatch Message Box

Figure 3-14 System Status Synoptics Page

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ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM (ECS)

17
1
16

15
2
14
3
4 13

12
5 11

10

6 9

7
8

1 Cockpit Temperature Setting 10 Crossbleed Valve Status (XBV)

2 Cabin Temperature Setting 11 Cabin Duct Temperature Setting
3 Ram Air Valve (RAV) 12 Heat Exchanger Cooling Pack Circuit
4 Environmental Control System Valve (ECS) 1 13 Environmental Control System Valve (ECS) 2
5 Cockpit Duct Temperature Setting 14 Actual Cabin Temperature
6 Pressure Regulating Shutoff Valve (PRSOV) 1 15 Cabin Evaporator Fan
7 Vapor Cycle System (VCS) 16 Actual Cockpit Temperature
8 Outflow Valve (OFV) Status* 17 Cockpit Evaporator Fan
9 Pressure Regulating Shutoff Valve (PRSOV) 2

Figure 3-15 Environmental Control System Synoptics Page

* Outflow valve (OFV) status is displayed only while the aircraft is parked or taxiing.

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 ENGINE & AIRFRAME SYSTEMS

Lines between icons on the diagram denote ducting. Icons shown in green are operating normally. A white
icon may indicate that a unit is off or not otherwise operating normally (see Table 3-5). A red “X” indicates
failure of a unit.

Unit Icons and Descriptions

Fan
On Off

Heat Exchanger
On Off

Vapor Cycle System

On Off

PRSOV Valve
Crossbleed Valve
Open with flow Open, no flow Closed

ECS Valve
Ram Air Valve
Open with flow Open, no flow Closed

Table 3-5 Environmental Control System Unit Status Indications

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ELECTRICAL
The Electrical Synoptics Page uses a diagram of the aircraft’s electrical system to display the system status. The
generators, ground power supply (GPU), batteries, and buses are shown in green to denote normal operation.
Color of the units changes depending on the condition (Table 3-6). A red “X” over a component indicated
invalid data or a failed unit.

Battery

Bus

Generator

Ground Power Unit

Figure 3-16 Electrical Synoptics Page

Unit Icons and Descriptions

Generator
N2>52% Bus off N2<52%

Bus
On Bus off

Hot Bus
Normal Abnormal

Battery
Normal Abnormal

Table 3-6 Electrical System Unit Status Indications

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FUEL
The Fuel Synoptics Page displays the status of the fuel tanks and feed system. A red “X” over a component
indicated invalid data or a failed unit.

1 Total Fuel 9 Fuel Transfer SOV

1
2
2 Fuel Used 10 Right Engine Feed Line
3 Left Feed Ejector 11 RH Pressure Switch
3 15
4 Left DC Pump 12 Fuel 2 SOV
4 14 5 Left Tank Fuel Quantity 13 Right Tank Fuel Quantity
5 13 6 Fuel 1 SOV 14 Right DC Pump
6 12
7 LH Pressure Switch 15 Right Feed Ejector
7 11 8 Left Engine Feed Line

8 9 10
Figure 3-17 Fuel Synoptics Page

Unit Icons and Descriptions

Fuel Line
Operating Not operating

Feed Ejector
Operating Not operating

Fuel Pressure
Switch
Operating Not operating

Fuel Shut Off Valve

Open with flow Open, no flow In transit Closed

DC Pump
Operating Not operating

Fuel Transfer Valve

Open with flow Open, no flow In transit Closed

Table 3-7 Fuel System Unit Status Indications

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ENGINE & AIRFRAME SYSTEMS

ICE PROTECTION SYSTEM

When the ice protection system is operating normally, all components are shown in green on the system
diagram. Items in white indicate components which are off. A red “X” over a component indicated invalid data
or a failed unit.

1 1

2 2
3 12

4 11

5 10

6 9
8

1 Windshield Heaters 7 Crossbleed Valve

2 Anti Ice Lines 8 Ice Protection Bleed Duct
3 Anti Ice Valve (AIV) 1 9 Pressure Regulating Shut-Off Valve 2 (PRSOV 2)
4 Bleed Duct and Skin 1 10 Engine Anti Ice Valve (EAIV) 2 Valve and Bleed Line
5 Engine Anti Ice Valve (EAIV) 1 Valve and Bleed Line 11 Bleed Duct and Skin 2
6 Pressure Regulating Shut-Off Valve 1 (PRSOV 1) 12 Anti Ice Valve (AIV) 2

Figure 3-18 Ice Protection Synoptics Page

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Unit Icons and Descriptions

Anti Ice Line

Operating Not operating
Crossbleed Valve (XBV)
Pressure Regulating Shutoff
Valve (PRSOV) Open with flow Open, no flow Closed

Anti Ice Valve (AIV)

Engine Anti Ice Valve (EAIV)
Open with flow Open, no flow Closed

Table 3-8 Ice Protection System Unit Status Indications

The Minimum Anti-Ice N1 Bug (Figure 3-19) appears as a cyan tick mark on the N1 engine gauges. It
indicates which N1 should be commanded to achieve full anti-ice capability. The bug is visible when the
landing gear is extended and wing anti-ice is on, or when an engine or engine bleed air is lost. If the anti-ice
capacity is not fully operational, the message “A-I LO CAPACITY” appears on the Crew Alerting System (CAS).

Minimum Anti-Ice
N1 Bug

Figure 3-19 Engine Minimum N1 Anti-Ice Indication

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ENGINE & AIRFRAME SYSTEMS

ENGINE MAINTENANCE

NOTE: Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for required actions.

The Engine Maintenance Synoptics Page can only displayed when the aircraft is on the ground and both
engines are off. Maintenance personnel can view status messages for engine dispatch items and the following
engine parameter exceedance peaks and durations recorded by the FADEC for the last engine start-shutdown
cycle:
• Engine fan rotation speed (N1) • Inter Turbine Temperature (ITT)
• Engine high pressure compressor rotation speed • Main oil temperature and Pressure
(N2) • Fuel temperature
If no peaks are detected, the values and times are displayed as dashes. The data is cleared from the display
using the CLEAR E1 and CLEAR E2 softkeys.
The Engine Maintenance Page also displays ITT and N1 trims loaded in each Engine Data Collection Unit
(EDCU).

Figure 3-20 Engine Maintenance Synoptics Page

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3.3 ABNORMAL OPERATIONS

NOTE: Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for corrective pilot actions.

ENGINE
When an engine failure occurs, besides the CAS message corresponding to the failed engine (“E1 FAIL” or “E2
FAIL”), the corresponding N1 gauge displays the annunciation “FAIL” in black text over an amber background
(Figure 3-21). Detection of an engine fire causes a CAS message corresponding to the engine on fire (“E1 FIRE”
or “E2 FIRE”) in addition to the “FIRE” annunciation to be displayed over the ITT gauge in white text over a
red background (Figure 3-22).

Figure 3-22 Engine Fire Indication

Figure 3-21 Engine Failure Indication

CABIN PRESSURIZATION
If the cabin altitude (ALT) reaches a caution level, the gauge displays black text on an amber background.
When a high cabin altitude warning occurs, the text is displayed with white text on a red background, and the
corresponding CAS message “CAB ALTITUDE HI” is issued.
A cabin pressure change rate (RATE) caution display is indicated with black text on an amber background. If
low flow or a cabin leak is detected, the cabin pressure change rate text displays white text on a red background
and the trend arrow becomes red (Figure 3-23).
Excessive cabin differential pressure (DELTA-P) causes the pressure display to show an amber background
and black text; warnings are indicated with red background with white display text. The CAS message “CAB
DELTA-P FAIL” accompanies this condition.
Low oxygen system pressure (OXY) is indicated by an amber background and black text. The CAS message
“OXY LO PRES” is also issued.
If the pilot selected landing field elevation (LFE) differs by more than five feet from the FMS LFE value, the
LFE display is shown as black text with an amber background for 30 seconds.
A red “X” is displayed on any Cabin Display that is invalid or out of range.

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Figure 3-23 Cabin Display with Leak Detected

FLAPS
The following denote abnormal flap conditions:
• Flaps not in position for takeoff – Flap pointer and display are shown in red with white text (Figures 3-24 and
3-25).
• Flaps have failed or become jammed – Flap pointer and display are shown in amber with black text (Figure
3-26)
• Flaps unavailable – Flap pointer is removed and display is shown in cyan with black text (Figure 3-27)
• Flaps position data invalid – Flap pointer and text displayed with a red “X”

Figure 3-24 Flaps Retracted Figure 3-25 Flaps at FULL Figure 3-26 Flaps Failed Figure 3-27 Flaps Unavailable
at Takeoff (Landing) Position at Takeoff

TRIM
Aileron or rudder mistrim are denoted with amber arrows pointing in the direction of mistrim on the Roll and
Yaw Trim indicators (Figure 3-28).
If takeoff configuration has been selected and the pitch trim position is not within the green band on the pitch
trim scale, the pointer and display turn red with white text (Figure 3-29).

Aileron
Mistrim

Rudder
Mistrim
Figure 3-29 Pitch Trim
Figure 3-28 Mistrim Outside Takeoff Configuration

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 AUDIO PANEL AND CNS

SECTION 4 AUDIO PANEL AND CNS

4.1 OVERVIEW
The Communication/Navigation/Surveillance (CNS) system includes the Audio Panels, communication radios,
navigation radios, and Mode S transponders. The System Overview Section provides a block diagram description
of the Audio Panels and CNS system interconnection.
CNS operation in the Embraer Phenom 300 is performed by the following:
• Primary Flight Display (PFD) (2) • Mode S Transponder (2)
• Multi Function Display (MFD) or TCAS II Mode S Transponder

• Integrated Avionics Unit (2) • Control Unit

• Audio Panel (2) • GDR 66 VHF Data Link Transceiver

• Controller Pilot Data Link Communications System
(CPDLC)
The MFD/PFD controls are used to tune the communication transceivers and navigation radios.
The two Audio Panels provide the traditional audio selector functions of microphone and receiver audio
selection. Each Audio Panel includes an intercom system (ICS) between the pilot, copilot, and passengers, a
marker beacon receiver, and a COM clearance recorder. Ambient noise from the aircraft radios is reduced by a
feature called Master Avionics Squelch (MASQ). When no audio is detected, MASQ processing further reduces
the amount of background noise from the radios.
The Mode S Transponders are controlled with softkeys and the FMS Knob located on the PFD. The Transponder
Data Box is located to the left of the System Time Box. The data box displays the active four-digit code, mode,
and a reply status (Figure 4-1).
The Controller Pilot Data Link Communications System (CPDLC) provides data link communication between
the aircraft and an Air Traffic Control facility. Communication is normally in the form of text message elements that
resemble phraseology used in voice communications with ATC.

AUDIO PANEL VOLUME CONTROL

Adjusting the master volume control affects all radio audio volume and airframe type warnings that are heard
in the headsets (not the speaker) for the pilot or copilot side Audio Panel. Radio adjustments made on the
MFD/PFD controls to compensate for the master volume change on the Audio Panel, also affect the radio levels
for the other pilot. Independent radio volume adjustments made using the Audio Panel Master Volume controls
affect only the audio heard in the corresponding crew position headset.
Radio volume adjustments may be overridden by each crew position independently using the master volume
control on the Audio Panel for the respective crew position. In addition, the master volume control for each
Audio Panel affects all other system audio output to its designated crew position headset much like volume
adjustments found on many aviation headsets.

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MFD/PFD CONTROLS AND FREQUENCY DISPLAY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

10

11

12

Figure 4-1 MFD/PFD Controls, COM/NAV Frequency Tuning Boxes, and ADF/DME Tuning

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1 NAV VOL/ID Knob – Controls NAV audio volume level. Press to turn the Morse code identifier audio on
and off. Volume level is shown in the NAV frequency field as a percentage.
2 NAV Frequency Transfer Key – Transfers the standby and active NAV frequencies.
3 NAV Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the NAV receiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for kHz).
Press to move the tuning box (light blue box) and Frequency Transfer Arrow between NAV1 and NAV2.
4 NAV Frequency Box – Displays NAV standby and active frequency fields, volume, and station ID. The
frequency of the NAV radio selected for navigation is displayed in green.
5 COM Frequency Box – Displays COM standby and active frequency fields and volume. The selected COM
transceiver frequency is displayed in green.
6 COM Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the COM transceiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for
kHz). Press to move the tuning box (light blue box) and Frequency Transfer Arrow between COM1 and
COM2.
7 COM Frequency Transfer Key – Transfers the standby and active COM frequencies. Press and hold this key
for two seconds to tune the emergency frequency (121.500 MHz) automatically into the active frequency
field.
8 COM VOL/SQ Knob – Controls COM audio volume level. Press to turn the COM automatic squelch on
and off. Volume level is shown in the COM frequency field as a percentage.
9 ADF/DME Tuning Window – Displays ADF frequencies, volume setting, and modes, and DME tuning
selection. Display by selecting the ADF/DME Softkey.
10 ENT Key – Validates or confirms an ADF frequency or ADF/DME mode and Auto-tune selection.
11 FMS Knob – Flight Management System Knob, used to enter ADF frequencies and select ADF/DME modes,
enter transponder codes, and Auto-tune entries when ADF/DME Tuning Window or NRST Window is
present. Press the FMS Knob to turn the selection cursor on and off. The large knob moves the cursor in
the window. The small knob selects individual characters for the highlighted cursor location.
12 Transponder Data Box – Indicates the selected transponder code, operating mode, reply, and ident status
for the applicable transponder.

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AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13 14

15 16

17

18 19

20 21

22 23

24

Figure 4-2 Audio Panel Controls

NOTE: When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated.

1 COM1 MIC – Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting. COM1 receive is simultaneously selected when
this key is pressed allowing received audio from the #1 COM receiver to be heard. COM2 receive can be
added by pressing the COM2 Key.
2 COM1 – When selected, audio from the #1 COM receiver can be heard.
3 COM2 MIC – Selects the #2 transmitter for transmitting. COM2 receive is simultaneously selected when
this key is pressed allowing received audio from the #2 COM receiver to be heard. COM1 receive can be
added by pressing the COM1 Key.
4 COM2 – When selected, audio from the #2 COM receiver can be heard.

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5 COM3 MIC – Selects the #3 transmitter (HF), if installed, for transmitting. COM3 receive is simultaneously
selected when this key is pressed allowing received audio from the #3 COM receiver to be heard.
6 COM3 – When selected, audio from the #3 COM receiver (HF), if installed, can be heard.
7 PA – Selects the passenger address system. The selected COM transmitter is deselected when the PA Key
is pressed.
8 TEL – When selected, enables the SATCOM audio for the pilot or copilot.
9 MUSIC – Toggles the Music 1 input on or off. Pressing and holding toggles music muting on or off.
10 SPKR – Selects and deselects the on-side cockpit speaker. COM and NAV receiver audio can be heard on
the speaker.
11 MKR/MUTE – Selects marker beacon receiver audio. Mutes the currently received marker beacon receiver
audio. Unmutes automatically when new marker beacon audio is received.
12 HI SENS – Press to increase marker beacon receiver sensitivity. Press again to return to low sensitivity.
13 DME – Turns optional DME 1 audio on or off.
14 NAV1 – When selected, audio from the #1 NAV receiver can be heard.
15 ADF – Pressing turns on or off the audio from the ADF receiver, if installed.
16 NAV2 – When selected, audio from the #2 NAV receiver can be heard.
17 AUX – Not used.
18 MAN SQ – Enables manual squelch for the intercom. When the intercom is active, press the ICS Knob to
illuminate SQ. Turn the ICS Knob to adjust squelch.
19 PLAY – Press once to play the last recorded COM audio. Press again to stop playing. Press twice within
0.5 second while audio is playing and the previous block of recorded audio is played. Each subsequent
two presses within 0.5 second plays each previously recorded block.
20 INTR COM – Selects and deselects the pilot/copilot intercom on both Audio Panels.
21 CABIN – Initiates intercom communications with passengers in the cabin.
22 ICS Knob – Turn to adjust intercom volume or squelch. Press to switch between volume and squelch
control as indicated by illumination of VOL or SQ. The MAN SQ Key must be selected to allow squelch
adjustment.
23 MSTR Knob – The Master Volume Control adjusts volume for the blended NAV, COM, intercom audio,
and alert warnings.
24 DISPLAY BACKUP Button – Manually selects Reversionary Mode.

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CONTROL UNIT
The Control Unit (GCU 477) is a pedestal-mounted interface allowing MFD operation, data entry, COM and
NAV tuning, and transponder control. Many procedures can be performed using the Control Unit rather than
the MFD/PFD display bezel controls. Annunciators beside the FMS, XPDR, COM, and NAV keys illuminate
when their respective control modes are selected. The unit is in FMS control mode by default on system power-
up.
The appropriate frequency box on the selected display is outlined by a light blue selection box, which flashes
for a few seconds to indicate control unit activity. Selection of a different display control or radio tuning mode
results in cancelation of the previous radio tuning mode.

1 2 3 4 5

14 9

10

13 12 11

Figure 4-3 MFD/PFD Control Unit

Tuning Selection
Box

Figure 4-4 Frequency Tuning with the Control Unit

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1 CLR Key – Erases information, cancels entries, or removes menus.

2 MENU Key – Displays a list of options for accessing additional features or making setting changes.
3 ENT Key – Validates or confirms a menu selection or data entry.
4 FMS Knob – Flight Management System Knob. The FMS Knob is used to enter transponder codes, select
DME modes, and Auto-tune entries when NRST Window is present. The large knob moves the cursor in
the window. The small knob selects individual characters for the highlighted cursor location.
5 FMS Key – Places Control Unit in Flight Management System (FMS) Mode.
6 COM Key – Selects COM radio tuning mode on the Control Unit. The COM Tuning Selection Box
is outlined with a light blue line when the COM frequency is active on the control unit (Figure 4‑4).
Subsequent presses of the COM Key switches between COM 1 and COM 2.
7 Frequency Transfer Key (EMERG) – Transfers the standby and active COM or NAV frequencies. Press
and hold for two seconds to tune the emergency frequency (121.500 MHz) automatically into the COM
active frequency field.
8 NAV Key – Selects NAV radio tuning mode on the Control Unit. The NAV Tuning Selection Box is outlined
with a light blue line when the NAV frequency is active on the control unit. Subsequent presses of the NAV
Key switches between NAV 1 and NAV 2.
9 XPDR Key – Places Control Unit in Transponder Mode. Transponder code entry can be performed with
either the number keypad or FMS Knob.
10 IDENT Key – When the IDENT Key is pressed, a green IDNT indication is displayed in the mode field of
the Transponder Data Box for 18 seconds.
11 SEL Key – Arrows move light blue Softkey Selection Box on selected display. Press the center to activate
the selected softkey
12 Decimal Key – Enters a decimal point.
13 BKSP Key – Moves cursor back one character space and removes last character entered.
14 Alphanumeric Keys – Allows data entry (rather than using the FMS Knob to select characters/
numbers).

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AUDIO PANEL AND CNS

4.2 COM OPERATION

COM TRANSCEIVER SELECTION AND ACTIVATION

NOTE: During PA Mode, the COM MIC Annunciator is extinguished and the COM active frequency color
changes to white, indicating that neither COM transmitter is active.

NOTE: When turning on the system for use, the system remembers the last frequencies used and the active
COM transceiver state prior to shutdown.
The COM Frequency Box is composed of four fields; the two active frequencies are on the left side and the
two standby frequencies are on the right. The COM transceiver is selected for transmitting by pressing the
COM MIC Keys on the Audio Panel.
An active COM frequency displayed in green indicates that the COM transceiver is selected on the Audio
Panel (COM1 MIC or COM2 MIC Key). When the PA Key is selected on the Audio Panel, both active COM
frequencies appear in white indicating that no COM radio is selected for transmitting. Frequencies in the
standby fields are displayed in white.
Active Standby
Fields Fields
Top Section of
the Audio Panel

Tuning Box

COM2 Radio is
Selected on the Audio
Panel

Figure 4-5 Selecting a COM Radio for Transmit

COM3 is reserved for the optional HF radio. The active HF frequency is not shown on the system.
The active COM frequency displayed in green on the MFD is the same as on PFD1.

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TRANSMIT/RECEIVE INDICATIONS
During COM transmission, a white TX appears by the active COM frequency replacing the Frequency
Transfer Arrow. On the Audio Panel, when the active COM is transmitting, the active transceiver COM MIC
Key Annunciator flashes approximately once per second.
During COM signal reception, a white RX appears by the active COM frequency replacing the Frequency
Transfer Arrow.

Annunciator
Flashes During
Transmit and Transmission
Receive Indicators

Figure 4-6 COM Radio Transmit and Receive Indications

When the same COM radio is selected on both Audio Panels, the pilot has transmit priority on COM1, the
copilot has transmit priority on COM2.

COM TRANSCEIVER MANUAL TUNING

The COM frequency controls and frequency boxes are on the right side of each PFD and the MFD. The MFD
frequency controls and displays are linked to the pilot side PFD (PFD1) only.
Manually tuning a COM frequency:
1) Turn the COM Knob to tune the desired frequency in the COM Tuning Box (large knob for MHz; small knob for
kHz).
2) Press the Frequency Transfer Key to transfer the frequency to the active field.
3) Adjust the volume level with the COM VOL/SQ Knob.
4) Press the COM VOL/SQ Knob to turn automatic squelch on and off.

Turn the VOL/SQ Knob to adjust

volume. Press the Knob to Turn
Automatic Squelch On or Off Press the Frequency Transfer
Key to Transfer COM
Frequencies Between Active
and Standby Frequency Boxes
Turn the COM Knob to
Tune the Frequency in
the Tuning Box

Figure 4-7 COM Frequency Tuning

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AUDIO PANEL AND CNS

Manual COM frequency tuning from the Control Unit

1) Press the COM Key to select the COM Tuning Selection Box.
2) Press the numeric keys on the keypad to enter a Frequency.
3) Press the Frequency Transfer Key to transfer the frequency to the active field.
If an error is made during frequency entry with the numeric keypad, pressing the BKSP Key moves the cursor
back one space. If an incorrect frequency is entered, reenter the correct one using the same procedure.

First, Press the COM Key to place the Tuning

Selection Box on the COM Frequencies,
which activates COM tuning from the
Numeric Keypad

Second, Press the Numeric Keys to enter

a frequency into the COM Standby
Frequency Box

Third, Press the Frequency

Transfer Key to move the
frequency to the Active Field.

Figure 4-8 Frequency Tuning from the Control Unit

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 AUDIO PANEL AND CNS

SELECTING THE RADIO TO BE TUNED

Press the small COM Knob or the COM Key on the Control Unit to transfer the frequency tuning box and
Frequency Transfer Arrow between the upper and lower radio frequency fields.

Press the COM Key or Press the COM Knob

to Switch the Tuning Box From One COM
Radio to the Other

Figure 4-9 Switching COM Tuning Boxes

QUICK-TUNING AND ACTIVATING 121.500 MHZ

Pressing and holding the COM Frequency Transfer Key for two seconds automatically loads the emergency
COM frequency (121.500 MHz) in the active field of the COM radio selected for tuning (the one with the
transfer arrow). In the example shown, pressing the Audio Panel COM2 MIC Key activates the transceiver.

Press for Two Seconds to

Load 121.500 MHz

Figure 4-10 Quickly Tuning 121.500 MHz

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AUTO-TUNING THE COM FREQUENCY

COM frequencies can be automatically tuned from the following:
• Nearest Airports Window (PFD) • NRST – Nearest Frequencies Page (ARTCC, FSS, WX)
• WPT – Airport Information Page • NRST – Nearest Airspaces Page
• NRST – Nearest Airports Page

AUTO-TUNING FROM THE PFD

COM frequencies for the nearest airports can be automatically tuned from the Nearest Airports Window on
the PFD. When the desired frequency is entered, it becomes a standby frequency. Pressing the Frequency
Transfer Key places this frequency into the COM Active Frequency Field.
Auto-tuning a COM frequency for a nearby airport from the PFD:
1) Select the NRST Softkey on the PFD to open the Nearest Airports Window. A list of 25 nearest airport identifiers
and COM frequencies is displayed.
2) Turn the FMS Knob to scroll through the list and highlight the desired COM frequency.
3) Press the ENT Key to load the COM frequency into the COM Standby Tuning Box.
4) Press the Frequency Transfer Key to transfer the frequency to the COM Active Frequency Field.

Select the NRST

Softkey to Open
the Nearest
Figure 4-11 Nearest Airports Window (PFD) Airports Window

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 AUDIO PANEL AND CNS

AUTO-TUNING FROM THE MFD

Frequencies can be automatically loaded into the COM Frequency Box from pages in the NRST or WPT
page group by highlighting the frequency and pressing the ENT Key (Figures 4-12, 4-13, and 4-14).
Auto-tuning a COM frequency from the WPT and NRST Pages:
1) From any page that the COM frequency can be auto-tuned, activate the cursor by pressing the FMS Knob or
selecting the appropriate softkey.
2) Turn the FMS Knob to place the cursor on the desired COM frequency.
3) Press the ENT Key to load the COM frequency into the standby field of the selected COM radio.
4) Press the Frequency Transfer Key to transfer the frequency to the COM Active Frequency Field.

Press the ENT Key to

Load a Highlighted
Frequency into
the COM Standby
Frequency Box
Turn the FMS
Knob to Scroll
Through a List
of Frequencies

Figure 4-12 Frequency Auto-Tuning from the MFD

Or:
1) On the Nearest Airports, Frequencies, or Airspaces page, press the MENU Key to display the page menu (Figure
4-13).
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the menu options.
3) Press the ENT Key to place the cursor on the desired selection.
4) Scroll through the frequency selections with the FMS Knob.
5) Press the ENT Key to load the COM frequency into the standby field of the selected COM radio.
6) Press the Frequency Transfer Key to transfer the frequency to the COM Active Frequency Field.

Nearest Airports Menu Nearest Frequencies Menu Nearest Airspaces Menu

Figure 4-13 Nearest Pages Menus

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AUDIO PANEL AND CNS

On the WPT - Airport Information Page, the cursor can be placed on the frequency field by pressing the
FMS Knob and scrolling through the list. The frequency is transferred to the COM Standby Field with the
ENT Key.
Press Frequency
Transfer Key to Load
Frequency into COM
Active Tuning Box

Selected Airport
Identifier and
Information

Runway
Information

Press ENT Key to load

frequency into COM
Standby Field. Cursor
then advances to the
next frequency.
Press INFO-N
Softkey for AIRPORT,
RUNWAYS, and
FREQUENCIES
Window or AOPA
Directory Window
Figure 4-14 WPT – Airport Information Page

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COM frequencies can also be auto-tuned from the NRST – Nearest Airspaces, NRST – Nearest Frequencies,
and NRST – Nearest Airports Pages on the MFD in a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU
Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key.

Figure 4-15 NRST – Nearest Airspaces, NRST – Nearest Airports, and NRST – Nearest Frequencies Pages

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FREQUENCY SPACING
The COM radios can tune either 25-kHz spacing (118.000 to 136.975 MHz) or 8.33-kHz spacing (118.000
to 136.990 MHz) for 760-channel or 3040-channel configuration. When 8.33-kHz channel spacing is selected,
all of the 25-kHz channel spacing frequencies are also available in the complete 3040-channel list. Variable rate
tuning is provided with 8.33-kHz spacing to achieve faster selection of the decimal digits.
COM channel spacing is set on the System Setup Page of the AUX Page Group.

8.33-kHz Channel 25-kHz Channel

Spacing Spacing

Figure 4-16 COM Channel Spacing

Changing COM frequency channel spacing:

1) Select the AUX – System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Channel Spacing Field in the COM Configuration Box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired channel spacing.
5) Press the ENT Key to complete the channel spacing selection.
While the COM CONFIG Box is selected, the softkeys are blank.

Select 8.33-kHz
or 25.0-kHz
COM Frequency
Channel Spacing

Figure 4-17 AUX – System Setup Page

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AUTOMATIC SQUELCH
Automatic Squelch quiets unwanted static noise when no audio signal is received, while still providing good
sensitivity to weak COM signals. To disable Automatic Squelch, press the VOL/SQ Knob. When Automatic
Squelch is disabled, COM audio reception is always on. Continuous static noise is heard over the headsets and
speaker, if selected. Pressing the VOL/SQ Knob again enables Automatic Squelch.
When Automatic Squelch is disabled, a white SQ appears next to the COM frequency.

Press the COM VOL/

SQ Knob to turn off
Automatic Squelch.
Press again to restore
Automatic Squelch.
Squelch
Indication
Figure 4-18 Overriding Automatic Squelch

VOLUME
COM radio volume level can be adjusted from 0 to 100% using the VOL/SQ Knob. Turning the knob
clockwise increases volume, turning the knob counterclockwise decreases volume. When adjusting volume,
the level is displayed in place of the standby frequencies. Volume level indication remains for two seconds after
the change.

COM Volume
Level Remains for
Two Seconds
Figure 4-19 COM Volume Level

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4.3 CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS (CPDLC)

NOTE: The CPDLC system requires pilot certification and training.

The GDR 66 VHF Data Link Transceiver (used for data communication only) provides the link from the
G1000 Integrated Avionics System to the Controller Pilot Data Link Communications system (CPDLC). The
CPDLC system provides data link communication between the aircraft and an Air Traffic Control facility.
Communication is normally in the form of text message elements that resemble phraseology used in voice
communications with ATC.
The CPDLC system is intended for use in Europe with the Link 2000+ DLS (Data Link System) and will
communicate with the ATN (Aeronautical Telecommunications Network) only. Eurocontrol is responsible for
the technical coordination of the integration of the airborne and ground based components of the Link 2000+
DLS. Eurocontrol has termed this project the Link 2000+ Programme.
The Link 2000+ DLS is designed to meet the requirements of the European Commission Regulation No.
29/2009, which is commonly referred to as the Data Link System Implementing Rule (DLSIR) or the European
mandate for CPDLC.

CPDLC SESSION OVERVIEW

The Link 2000+ DLS will manage a CPDLC session with an ATC end system. Once a successful logon has
been completed the Link 2000+ DLS will go into a CPDLC waiting state. In this state the Link 2000+ DLS is
waiting for a CPDLC session to be initiated by the ATC end system. When an ATC end system sends a CPDLC
session start command the flight crew will have the ability send CPDLC downlink messages. CPDLC downlink
messages are messages initiated by the flight crew to ATC. CPDLC uplink messages are messages initiated by
ATC to the flight crew.
The ground system manages handoffs between ATC end systems. When the aircraft is nearing the coverage
boundary of the CDA (Current Data Authority) or current facility, the Link 2000+ DLS will be assigned a NDA
(Next Data Authority) or next facility. The NDA is the ATC end system that is waiting to take control of the
aircraft. Upon crossing the boundary between the two ATC end systems, a transfer instruction will be sent to
the Link 2000+ DLS making the NDA the new CDA.
In the event that the CPDLC session is lost and the logon is still active, the Link 2000+ will accept future
CPDLC start commands from ATC.

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CPDLC SYSTEM STATUS

The Link 2000+ DLS will reflect the connection status at all times in the Status Window on the CPDLC
Messages Page. The following is a list of possible system states:
• Router Not Initialized – The Link 2000+ router has not been initialized. This is typical upon power up.
This state should clear after initialization. Persistence of this state would indicate a failure.
• Link Not Available/Waiting for Link – The Link 2000+ DLS has initialized the router but does not have an
air-ground connection.
• Establishing Link – The Link 2000+ DLS has detected a viable ground station and is attempting to establish
an air-ground connection.
• Link Available – The Link 2000+ DLS has established a connection capable of supporting ATN (Aeronautical
Telecommunications Network) traffic. This state indicates that a network logon can be attempted to establish
CPDLC communications.
• Connecting – The Link 2000+ DLS has initiated a network logon with an ATC facility.
• Waiting for CPDLC – The Link 2000+ DLS has successfully completed the network logon procedure.
During this state the Link 2000+ DLS is waiting for an ATC facility to initiate a CPDLC session. This state will
exist during initial connection or if a CPDLC session has been closed and the network logon is still valid.
• Connected – The Link 2000+ DLS has successfully established a CPDLC session with a ground facility.
CPDLC messages can be exchanged in this state.
• Logon Failed – The Link 2000+ DLS was unable to establish a network logon.
• CPDLC Disconnected – The Link 2000+ DLS has disconnected from a CPDLC connection. If the network
logon is still valid, the Link 2000+ DLS will accept another CPDLC session from an ATC facility.

Connection Status Current ATC Facility

Next ATC Facility

Message Status Icon ATC Facility

Message Status Text

Figure 4-20 CPDLC Messages

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CPDLC MESSAGE STATUS ICONS

The CPDLC Messages Page contains a combination of status icons and text to indicate the current status of
each message.
Icon Text Description
Sent Message sent to ATC.
‘Standby’ message response sent to ATC. The exclamation point notifies
Standby
the flight crew that an action is needed to close the message.
Send Failed /
Message failed to send or the message timed out.
Expired
Closed Message sent to ATC and message thread closed.

Table 4-1 Downlink CPDLC Status Icons

Icon Text Description

Standby
Unopened ‘Standby’ message response sent by ATC.
(message not opened)
Standby
Opened ‘Standby’ message response sent by ATC.
(message opened)
Need Response
Unopened message that requires a response to ATC.
(message not opened)
Need Response
Opened message that requires a response to ATC.
(message opened)
Expired
Unopened expired message sent by ATC.
(message not opened)
Expired
Opened expired message sent by ATC.
(message opened)
Closed
Unopened message that closed the message thread.
(message not opened)
Closed
Opened message that closed the message thread.
(message opened)

Table 4-2 Uplink CPDLC Status Icons

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CONNECTING TO THE CPDLC SYSTEM

A flight plan must be filed prior to logging on to the CPDLC system. The information entered in the CPDLC
Log-On display must match the filed flight plan. After entering flight plan information in the required fields
and successfully logging on to the system, messages may be sent and received.
The following parameters are used to log on to the system:
• Facility
• Flight ID or Aircraft Registration as filed (populated from the active flight plan)
• Destination Airport (populated from the active flight plan if available)
• Filed Departure Airport
• File Departure Time (Optional)
Performing the system log-on:
1) From the MFD, select the CPDLC Softkey.
2) Select the LOGON Softkey.

LOGON Softkey
Figure 4-21 CPDLC Log-On Softkey
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the Facility field.

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Facility Field

Flight ID Field

Destination Airport Field

Filed Departure Airport Field

Filed Departure Time Field

Send Button

Figure 4-22 CPDLC Log-On Display

4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired ATC facility to which the CPDLC connection will be established.
5) Press the ENT Key to complete the entry.
6) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the Flight ID field.
7) The Flight ID Field is populated with the Flight ID or Aircraft Registration as filed. Changing this field will also
change the Mode S Flight ID output. To change to Flight ID field, turn the small FMS Knob to enter the Flight
ID or aircraft registration number.
8) Press the ENT Key to complete the entry.
9) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the Destination Airport field.
10) The Destination Airport field is populated with the destination airport corresponding to the active flight plan if
available. If the flight plan was filed using a different airport identifier, enter the identifier of the destination
airport used in the filed flight plan and press the ENT Key.
11) The Filed Departure Airport field is populated with the airport identifier corresponding to the current aircraft
location. If the flight plan was filed using a different airport identifier, turn the large FMS Knob to place the
selection cursor over the Filed Departure Airport field, enter the departure airport, and press the ENT Key.
12) (Optional) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the Filed Departure Time field.
13) (Optional) Enter the departure time used in the filed flight plan and press the ENT Key.
14) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over SEND and press the ENT Key. The Status immediately
indicates ‘Connecting’. After successful log-on, the Status indicates ‘Waiting For CPDLC’. Once a CPDLC
session is initiated by ATC, the Status indicates ‘Connected’ and the Current Facility field is populated with the
name of the facility. If a transfer to another facility is needed, the Next Facility field is populated. Pressing the
LOGOFF Softkey terminates the log-on process.

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CREATING A MESSAGE
Once a CPDLC session has been successfully initiated, a message can be created by choosing from a pre-
determined list of requests, entering the required information, and sending the request.
To create messages:
1) From the MFD, select the CPDLC Softkey.
2) Select the NEW Softkey. The CPDLC Thread Window appears.

NEW Softkey
Figure 4-23 CPDLC New Softkey
3) With the Response/Request field highlighted, turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired request from the
list and press the ENT Key. For discussion purposes, ‘Request [level]’ is selected.

Figure 4-24 CPDLC Request

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4) Highlight the Level field and enter the desired altitude. To toggle between multiple units of measure (FT or FL),
highlight the first numeric position and turn the small FMS Knob counterclockwise.

Figure 4-25 CPDLC Request Parameters

5) Press the ENT Key to complete the entry.
6) (Optional) Highlight the Reason field and enter the desired reason from the list.
7) Press the ENT Key to complete the entry.
8) Highlight the SEND Button and press the ENT Key.

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RESPONDING TO AN ATC MESSAGE

Responding to an ATC message consists of choosing from a pre-determined list of responses or
acknowledgements, then sending the response or acknowledgement.
When a CPDLC message is received, an ATC Alert message will appear above the airspeed tape on the PFD.
The Alert message will flash five times and then remain steady. The ATC Alert message will persist as long as
there are unopened messages, or until a response has been provided for any messages requiring a response.
CPDLC Alert

Figure 4-26 CPDLC PFD Alert

To respond to a message:
1) From the MFD, select the CPDLC Softkey.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the desired message and press the ENT Key.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired Response/Request from the list and press the ENT Key.
4) Highlight the SEND Button and press the ENT Key.

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VIEWING AN ATC MESSAGE

Some ATC messages do not require a response, however they do need to be viewed.
To view an ATC message:
1) From the MFD, select the CPDLC Softkey.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the desired message to view and press the ENT Key.

Figure 4-27 CPDLC Response

VIEWING CPDLC MESSAGE DIALOGS

The status of a string of messages, or dialog, may be checked and past message dialogs from the current flight
may be viewed.
To view message dialogs:
1) From the MFD, select the CPDLC Softkey.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the desired message to view and press the ENT Key.
3) Press the ENT Key to view the CPDLC Thread.

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DELETING MESSAGE DIALOGS

The system will automatically delete the list of messages when the power is cycled, or when the system
detects a transition from an airborne to a gound state. Individual message dialogs may also be deleted manually.
Message dialogs considered closed may also be deleted.

DELETE Softkey Delete All (DEL ALL) Softkey

Figure 4-28 Delete Message Dialogs

To delete a single message dialog:

1) From the MFD, select the CPDLC Softkey.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the desired message to delete.
3) Select the DELETE Softkey. A confirmation window appears.
4) Highlight ‘OK’ and press the ENT Key.
To delete all closed message dialogs:
1) From the MFD, select the CPDLC Softkey.
2) Select the DEL ALL Softkey. A confirmation window appears.

Figure 4-29 Delete All Closed Messages Confirmation Window

3) Highlight ‘OK’ and press the ENT Key.

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DISCONNECTING FROM THE CPDLC SYSTEM

After successfully initiating a CPDLC session, the LOGOFF Softkey becomes available.
To Log-off the CPDLC System:
1) From the MFD, select the CPDLC Softkey.
2) Select the LOGOFF Softkey.

DISABLING DATA MODE

The Link 2000+ will only operate when the GDR 66 is in data mode. There are times when it may be
desirable to disable the VDL (VHF Data Link) connection, such as during testing.
To disable data mode on the GDR 66:
1) From the MFD, select the CPDLC Softkey.
2) Press the Menu Key to display the page menu.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight ‘Disable Data Mode’ and press the ENT Key.

CPDLC SYSTEM FAILURE

A CAS message and a red “X” over the Status Window on the CPDLC Messages Page indicate that the Link
2000+ DLS is unavailable. The failure or loss of connectivity can result from a power loss, a data path loss, or
improper configuration. Refer to the system messages in the Appendices for additional information describing
the source of the failure.

Figure 4-30 CPDLC Failure

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4.4 NAV OPERATION

NAV RADIO SELECTION AND ACTIVATION

The NAV Frequency Box is composed of four fields; two standby fields and two active fields. The active
frequencies are on the right side and the standby frequencies are on the left.
A NAV radio is selected for navigation by selecting the CDI Softkey located on the PFD. The active NAV
frequency selected for navigation is displayed in green. Selecting the CDI Softkey once selects NAV1 as the
navigation radio. Selecting the CDI Softkey a second time selects NAV2 as the navigation radio. Selecting the
CDI Softkey a third time activates GPS mode. Selecting the CDI Softkey again cycles back to NAV1.
While cycling through the CDI Softkey selections, the NAV Tuning Box and the Frequency Transfer Arrow are
placed in the active NAV Frequency Field and the active NAV frequency color changes to green.
The three navigation modes that can be cycled through are:
• VOR1 (or LOC1) – If NAV1 is selected, a green single line arrow (not shown) labeled either VOR1 or LOC1
is displayed on the HSI and the active NAV1 frequency is displayed in green.
• VOR2 (or LOC2) – If NAV2 is selected, a green double line arrow (shown) labeled either VOR2 or LOC2 is
displayed on the HSI and the active NAV2 frequency is displayed in green.
• GPS – If GPS Mode is selected, a magenta single line arrow (not shown) appears on the HSI and neither NAV
radio is selected. Both active NAV frequencies are then displayed in white.
Standby Active
Fields Fields

Tuning Box
The NAV Radio is
Selected by Selecting
the CDI Softkey

Figure 4-31 Selecting a NAV Radio for Navigation

The active NAV frequency displayed in green on the MFD is the same as on PFD1.
See the Flight Instruments Section for selecting the DME and Bearing Information windows and using VOR
as the source for the bearing pointer.

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The NAV Frequency Box displays the decoded Morse Code station identifier that is received from the
navigation source. Audio verification of the selected station identifier is still required, and can be accomplished
by selecting the corresponding NAV radio on the audio panel and pressing the NAV VOL/ID Knob.
NAV radios are selected for listening by pressing the corresponding keys on the Audio Panel. Pressing the
NAV1, NAV2, ADF, or DME Key selects and deselects the navigation radio source. The DME Key selects and
deselects optional DME 1 audio. Selected audio can be heard over the headset and the speakers (if selected). All
radios can be selected individually or simultaneously.

Figure 4-32 Selecting a NAV Radio Receiver

NAV RECEIVER MANUAL TUNING

The NAV frequency controls and frequency boxes are on the left side of the PFD and MFD. The MFD
frequency controls and displays are linked to the pilot side PFD (PFD1) only.
Manually tuning a NAV frequency:
1) Turn the NAV Knob to tune the desired frequency in the NAV Tuning Box.
2) Press the Frequency Transfer Key to transfer the frequency to the NAV Active Frequency Field.
3) Adjust the volume level with the NAV VOL/ID Knob.
4) Press the NAV VOL/ID Knob to turn the Morse code identifier audio on and off.
Turn VOL/ID Knob to adjust
volume. Press Knob to Turn
Morse Code On or Off.
Press the Frequency Transfer Key to
Transfer NAV Frequencies Between
Active and Standby Frequency Fields

Turn the NAV Knob to

Tune the Frequency in
the Tuning Box

Figure 4-33 NAV Frequency Tuning

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Manual NAV frequency tuning from the Control Unit

1) Press the NAV Key to select the NAV Tuning Selection Box.
2) Press the numeric keys on the keypad to enter a Frequency.
3) Press the Frequency Transfer Key to transfer the frequency to the active field.
If an error is made during frequency entry with the numeric keypad, pressing the BKSP Key moves the cursor
back one space. If an incorrect frequency is entered, reenter the correct one using the same procedure.

Third, Press the Frequency Transfer Key to

move the frequency to the Active Field

Second, Press the Numeric Keys

to enter a frequency into the NAV
Standby Frequency Box

First, Press the NAV Key to place the

Tuning Selection Box on the NAV
Frequencies, which Activates NAV
tuning from the Numeric Keypad

Figure 4-34 Frequency Tuning from the Control Unit

SELECTING THE RADIO TO BE TUNED

Press the small NAV Knob to transfer the frequency tuning box and Frequency Transfer Arrow between the
upper and lower radio frequency fields.

Press the NAV Knob or Press the NAV Key

to Switch the Tuning Box From One NAV
Radio to the Other

Figure 4-35 Switching NAV Tuning Boxes

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VOR/LOC ID
When the Morse code Identifier audio is on for a NAV radio, a white ID appears to the left of the active
NAV frequency.
In the example shown, in order to listen to either station identifier, press the NAV1 or NAV2 Key on the
Audio Panel. Pressing the VOL/ID Knob turns off the Morse code audio only in the radio with the NAV
Tuning Box. To turn off both NAV IDs, transfer the NAV Tuning Box between NAV1 and NAV2 by pressing
the small NAV Knob and pressing the VOL/ID Knob again to turn the Morse code off in the other radio.

The Morse Code

Identifiers for the GHM Station
and BNA VORs are On Identifier

Figure 4-36 NAV Radio ID Indication

VOLUME
NAV Radio volume level can be adjusted from 0 to 100% using the VOL/ID Knob. Turning the knob
clockwise increases volume, counterclockwise decreases volume.
When adjusting, the level is displayed in place of the standby frequencies. Volume level indication remains
for two seconds after the change.

NAV Volume
Level Remains
for Two Seconds

Figure 4-37 NAV Volume Levels

AUTO-TUNING A NAV FREQUENCY FROM THE MFD

NAV frequencies can be selected and loaded from the following MFD pages:
• WPT – Airport Information • NRST – Nearest VOR
• WPT – VOR Information • NRST – Nearest Frequencies (FSS, WX)
• NRST – Nearest Airports • NRST – Nearest Airspaces

The MFD provides auto-tuning of NAV frequencies from waypoint and nearest pages. During enroute
navigation, the NAV frequency is entered automatically into the NAV standby frequency field. During approach
activation the NAV frequency is entered automatically into the NAV active frequency field.
Frequencies can be automatically loaded into the NAV Frequency Box from pages in the NRST or WPT page
group by highlighting the frequency and pressing the ENT Key.

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Auto-tuning a NAV frequency from the WPT and NRST Pages:

1) From any page that the NAV frequency can be auto-tuned, activate the cursor by pressing the FMS Knob or
selecting the appropriate softkey.
2) Turn the FMS Knob to place the cursor on the desired NAV identifier or NAV frequency.
3) On the Nearest VOR, Nearest Airspaces, and Nearest Airports pages, select the FREQ Softkey to place the cursor
on the NAV frequency.
4) Press the ENT Key to load the NAV frequency into the standby field of the selected NAV radio.
5) Press the Frequency Transfer Key to transfer the frequency to the NAV Active Frequency Field.

Press the ENT

Key to Load
a Highlighted
Frequency into
the NAV Standby
Turn the FMS Frequency Box
Knob to Scroll
Through a List
of Frequencies

Figure 4-38 NAV Frequency Auto-Tuning from the MFD

Or:
1) When on the NRST pages, press the MENU Key to display the page menu.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the menu options.
3) Press the ENT Key to place the cursor in the desired window.
4) Scroll through the frequency selections with the FMS Knob.
5) Press the ENT Key to load the NAV frequency into the standby field of the selected NAV radio.
6) Press the Frequency Transfer Key to transfer the frequency to the NAV Active Frequency Field.

Nearest Airports Menu Nearest VOR Menu Nearest Frequencies Menu Nearest Airspaces Menu
Figure 4-39 Nearest Pages Menus

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In the example shown, the VOR list is selected with the VOR Softkey or from the page menu. The FMS Knob
or ENT Key is used to scroll through the list. The cursor is placed on the frequency with the FREQ Softkey and
loaded into the NAV Tuning Box with the ENT Key.

Press the ENT

Key to Load
the Frequency
into the NAV
Standby Field.

Select the VOR Softkey Select the FREQ Softkey

to Place the Cursor on to Place the Cursor on
the VOR Identifier the VOR Frequency

Figure 4-40 Loading the NAV Frequency from the NRST – Nearest VOR Page

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While enroute, NAV frequencies can also be auto-tuned from the NRST – Nearest Airports,
WPT – Airport Information, WPT – VOR Information, and NRST – Nearest Frequencies Pages on the MFD in
a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key.

Figure 4-41 NRST – Nearest Frequencies, WPT – VOR Information, WPT – Airport Information, and
NRST – Nearest Airports Pages

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AUTO-TUNING NAV FREQUENCIES ON APPROACH ACTIVATION

NOTE: The primary NAV frequency is auto-tuned upon loading a VOR or ILS/Localizer approach.

NOTE: When an ILS/LOC approach has been activated in GPS Mode, the system switches to NAV Mode as
the final approach course is intercepted (within 15 nm of the FAF). See the Flight Management Section for
details.
NAV frequencies are automatically loaded into the NAV Frequency Box on approach activation.
When loading or activating a VOR or ILS/LOC approach, the approach frequency is automatically transferred
to a NAV frequency field as follows:
• If the current CDI navigation source is GPS, the approach frequency is transferred to the NAV1 or NAV2
active frequency fields. The frequency that was previously in the NAV1 or NAV2 active frequency fields are
transferred to standby.
• If the current CDI navigation source is GPS, and if the approach frequency is already loaded into the NAV1
or NAV2 standby frequency field, the standby frequency is transferred to active.
• If the current CDI navigation source is NAV1 or NAV2, the approach frequency is transferred to the standby
frequency fields of the selected CDI NAV radio.

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MARKER BEACON RECEIVER

NOTE: The marker beacon indicators operate independently of marker beacon audio and cannot be turned
off.
The marker beacon receiver is used as part of the ILS. The marker beacon receiver is always on and detects
any marker beacon signals within the reception range of the aircraft.
The receiver detects the three marker tones – outer, middle, and inner – and provides the marker beacon
annunciations located to the left of the Altimeter on the PFD.

Outer Marker Middle Marker Inner Marker

Indication Indication Indication

Figure 4-42 Marker Beacon Annunciations on the PFD

Figure 4-43 Marker Beacon Keys

The Audio Panels provide three different states of marker beacon operation; On, Muted, and Deselected.
Pressing the MKR/MUTE Key selects and deselects marker beacon audio. The key annunciator indicates when
marker beacon audio is selected.
During marker beacon audio reception, pressing the MKR/MUTE Key mutes the audio but does not affect the
marker annunciations (Figure 4-42). The marker tone is silenced, then waits for the next marker tone. The
MKR/MUTE Key Annunciator is illuminated, indicating audio muting. The audio returns when the next marker
beacon signal is received. If the MKR/MUTE Key is pressed during signal reception (O, M, I indication) while
marker beacon audio is muted, the audio is deselected and the MKR/MUTE Key Annunciator is extinguished.
Pressing the HI SENS Key switches between high and low marker beacon receiver sensitivity. The HI SENS
function (annunciator illuminated) is used to provide an earlier indication when nearing a marker during an
approach. The LO SENS function (annunciator extinguished) results in a narrower marker dwell while over a
station.

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ADF/DME TUNING

NOTE: When another auxiliary window is turned on, the ADF/DME Tuning Window is replaced on the PFD.

See the Flight Instruments Section for displaying the DME and bearing information windows (ADF) and
using the ADF as the source for the bearing pointer.
The system tunes the optional ADF receiver and DME transceiver. The ADF is tuned by entering the frequency
in the ADF standby frequency field of the ADF/DME Tuning Window. (The softkey may be labeled ADF/DME
or DME, depending on installed equipment.)
The UHF DME frequency is tuned by pairing with a VHF NAV frequency. DME frequency pairing is automatic
and only the VHF NAV frequency is shown.
The following ADF/DME information is displayed in the ADF/DME Tuning Window:
• Active and standby ADF frequencies
• ADF receiver mode
• DME tuning mode (DME transceiver pairing)
When the ADF/DME Tuning Window is displayed, the selection cursor is placed over the standby ADF
frequency field.
Turning the large FMS Knob moves the selection cursor through the various fields (standby ADF frequency,
ADF receiver mode, and DME tuning mode). Pressing the FMS Knob activates/deactivates the selection cursor
in the ADF/DME Tuning Window. The ADF frequency is entered using the FMS Knob and the ENT Key.
Active ADF Frequency Standby ADF Frequency

ADF
Mode

DME
Tuning
Mode

Figure 4-44 ADF/DME Tuning Window

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ADF TUNING
ADF frequencies in the 190.0-kHz to 1799.5-kHz range are entered in the standby ADF frequency field of
the ADF/DME Tuning Window. The system does not tune the ADF emergency frequency, 2182.0‑kHz.
Tuning an ADF frequency:
1) Select the ADF/DME Softkey to display the ADF/DME Tuning Window.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the standby ADF frequency field.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to begin data entry and change each digit.
4) Turn the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next digit position.
5) Press the ENT Key to complete data entry for the standby frequency.
Press the
ENT Key to
Turn the Small Complete ADF
FMS Knob to Frequency Entry
Enter Data in
the Standby ADF Turn the Large
Frequency Field FMS Knob
to Move the
Cursor to the
Next Character

Figure 4-45 Entering ADF Standby Frequencies

Pressing the CLR Key before completing frequency entry cancels the frequency change and reverts back to
the previously entered frequency.
Pressing the CLR Key when the cursor is flashing, clears the frequency and replaces the standby field with
‘0000.0’.
Transferring the active and standby ADF frequencies:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the standby ADF frequency field.
2) Press the ENT Key to complete the frequency transfer.
Press the ENT
Key to Transfer
the ADF
Frequencies

Figure 4-46 Transferring ADF Frequencies

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SELECTING ADF RECEIVER MODE

The following modes can be selected: (In all modes NDB audio can be heard by selecting the ADF Key on
the Audio Panel.)
• ANT (Antenna) – The ADF bearing pointer parks on the HSI at 90 degrees. Best mode for listening to NDB
audio.
• ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) – The ADF pointer points to the relative bearing of the NDB station.
• ADF/BFO (ADF/Beat Frequency Oscillator) – The ADF pointer points to the relative bearing of the NDB
station and an audible tone confirms signal reception. This mode allows identification of the interrupted
carrier beacon stations used in various parts of the world.
• ANT/BFO (Antenna/Beat Frequency Oscillator) – The ADF bearing pointer parks on the HSI at 90 degrees
while an audible tone is provided when a signal is received. This mode also allows identification of the
interrupted carrier beacon stations and confirms signal reception.
Selecting an ADF receiver mode:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the ADF mode field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired ADF receiver mode.

Turn the Small

FMS Knob
to Select the
Mode

Figure 4-47 Selecting ADF Receiver Mode

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DME TUNING

NOTE: When turning on the system for use, the system remembers the last frequency used for DME tuning
and the NAV1, NAV2, or HOLD state prior to shutdown.
The DME transceiver is tuned by selecting NAV1, NAV2, or HOLD in the ADF/DME Tuning Window.

DME
Modes

Figure 4-48 DME Tuning Window

The following DME transceiver pairings can be selected:

• NAV1 – Pairs the DME frequency from the selected NAV1 frequency.
• NAV2 – Pairs the DME frequency from the selected NAV2 frequency.
• HOLD – When in the HOLD position, the DME frequency remains paired with the last selected NAV
frequency.
Selecting DME transceiver pairing:
1) Select the ADF/DME Softkey to display the ADF/DME Tuning Window.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the DME tuning mode.
3) Press the ENT Key to complete the selection.
Pressing the CLR Key or FMS Knob while in the process of DME pairing cancels the data entry and reverts
back to the previously selected DME tuning state. Pressing the FMS Knob activates/deactivates the cursor in
the ADF/DME Tuning Window.

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4.5 MODE S TRANSPONDER

The Mode S Transponder provides Mode A, Mode C, and Mode S interrogation and reply capabilities. Selective
addressing or Mode Select (Mode S) capability includes the following features:
• Level-2 reply data link capability (used to exchange information between aircraft and ATC facilities)
• Surveillance identifier capability
• Flight ID (Flight Identification) reporting – The Mode S Transponder reports aircraft identification as either the
aircraft registration or a unique Flight ID.
• Altitude reporting
• Airborne status determination
• Transponder capability reporting
• Mode S Enhanced Surveillance (EHS) requirements
• Mode S Elementary Surveillance (ELS) requirements
• Acquisition squitter – Acquisition squitter, or short squitter, is the transponder 24-bit identification address.
The transmission is sent periodically, regardless of the presence of interrogations. The purpose of acquisition
squitter is to enable Mode S ground stations and aircraft equipped with a Traffic Avoidance System (TAS) to
recognize the presence of Mode S-equipped aircraft for selective interrogation.
• Extended squitter (Optional) – The extended squitter is transmitted periodically and contains information such
as altitude (barometric and GPS), GPS position, and aircraft identification. The purpose of extended squitter is
to provide aircraft position and identification to ADS-B Ground-Based Transceivers (GBTs) and other aircraft.
The Hazard Avoidance Section provides more details on traffic avoidance systems.

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GTX 33 TRANSPONDER CONTROLS

Transponder function is displayed on three levels of softkeys on the PFD: Top-level, Mode Selection, and
Code Selection. When the top-level XPDR Softkey is selected, the Mode Selection softkeys appear: XPDR1,
XPDR2, STBY, ON, ALT, VFR, CODE, IDENT, BACK.
When the CODE Softkey is selected, the number softkeys appear: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, IDENT, BKSP,
BACK. The digits 8 and 9 are not used for code entry. Selecting the numbered softkeys in sequence enters
the transponder code. If an error is made, selecting the BKSP Softkey moves the code selection cursor to the
previous digit. Selecting the BKSP Softkey again moves the cursor to the next previous digit.
Selecting the BACK Softkey during code selection reverts to the Mode Selection Softkeys. Selecting the BACK
Softkey during mode selection reverts to the top-level softkeys.
The code can also be entered with the FMS Knob on either PFD. Code entry must be completed with either
the softkeys or the FMS Knob, but not a combination of both.
Selecting the IDENT Softkey while in Mode or Code Selection initiates the ident function and reverts to the
top-level softkeys.
After 45 seconds of transponder control inactivity, the system reverts back to the top-level softkeys.

XPDR IDENT

XPDR1 XPDR2 STBY ON ALT VFR CODE IDENT BACK MSG

Selecting the BACK Softkey

returns to the top-level softkeys.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IDENT BKSP BACK MSG

Selecting the BACK Softkey returns to the mode selection softkeys.

Figure 4-49 Transponder Softkeys (PFD)

Selecting and activating Transponder 1 or Transponder 2:

1) Select the XPDR Softkey to display the Transponder Mode Selection Softkeys.
2) Select the XPDR1 or XPDR2 Softkey to select and activate the other transponder.
When turning on the system for use, the system defaults to the transponder active prior to shutdown. When
switching between Transponder 1 and Transponder 2, the code and mode remain the same. If a new code is
entered in the active transponder, switching transponders does not bring back the previous code.

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GTX 33 TRANSPONDER MODE SELECTION

Mode selection can be automatic (Altitude Modes) or manual (Standby, On, and Altitude Modes). The STBY,
ON, and ALT Softkeys can be accessed by selecting the XPDR Softkey.
Selecting a transponder mode:
1) Select the XPDR Softkey to display the Transponder Mode Selection Softkeys.
2) Select the desired softkey to activate the transponder mode.

STANDBY MODE (MANUAL)

NOTE: In Standby Mode, the IDENT function is inhibited.

Standby Mode can be selected at any time by pressing the STBY Softkey. In Standby, the transponder
is powered and new codes can be entered, but no replies or squitters are transmitted.. When Standby is
selected, a white STBY indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the Transponder Data
Box.
STBY Mode (White
Code Number and
Mode)

Figure 4-50 Standby Mode

ON MODE (MANUAL)
ON Mode can be selected at any time by pressing the ON Softkey. ON Mode generates Mode A and Mode S
replies as well as transmission of acquisition squitters. Mode S replies will not include altitude information.
Mode C altitude reporting is inhibited.
The ON indication and transponder code in the Transponder Data Box will appear green while airborne
and white while on the ground.
ON Mode
(No Altitude Reporting)

On-Ground (White Indication) Airborne (Green Indication)

Figure 4-51 ON Mode

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ALTITUDE MODE (AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL)

The white Altitude Reporting Mode is normally selected automatically when the aircraft is on the ground.
White Altitude Mode may also be selected manually by pressing the ALT Softkey while on the ground.
White Altitude Mode generates Mode S replies to discrete interrogations as well as transmission of acquisition
squitters. Mode A, Mode C, and Mode S all-call replies are inhibited.
If Altitude Mode is selected while on the ground, a white ALT indication and transponder code appear in
the mode field of the Transponder Data Box.
ALT Mode
(Mode C Altitude
Reporting)

Figure 4-52 Altitude Mode

The green Altitude Mode is automatically selected when the aircraft becomes airborne. Green Altitude
Mode may also be selected manually by pressing the ALT Softkey while airborne. Green Altitude Mode
generates Mode A, Mode C, and Mode S replies as well as transmissions of acquisition squitters.
If Altitude Mode is selected while airborne, a green ALT indication and transponder code appear in the
mode field of the Transponder Data Box, and all transponder replies requesting altitude information are
provided with pressure altitude information.
ALT Mode
(Mode C Altitude
Reporting)

Figure 4-53 Altitude Mode

REPLY STATUS
When the transponder sends replies to interrogations, a white R indication appears momentarily in the
reply status field of the Transponder Data Box.
Reply to
Interrogation

Figure 4-54 Reply Indication

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VFR CODE
The VFR code can be entered either manually or by selecting the XPDR Softkey, then the VFR Softkey.
When the VFR Softkey is selected, the pre-programmed VFR code is automatically displayed in the code field
of the Transponder Data Box. Selecting the VFR Softkey again restores the previous identification code.
The pre-programmed VFR Code is set at the factory to 1200. If a VFR code change is required, contact a
Garmin-authorized service center for configuration.
VFR Code

Figure 4-55 VFR Code

TCAS II TRANSPONDER CONTROLS (OPTIONAL)

Transponder function is displayed on three levels of softkeys on the PFD: Top-level, Transponder/Traffic
Selection, and Mode Selection or Code Entry. When the top-level XPDR/TFC Softkey is selected, the Function
Select softkeys appear: XPDR1, XPDR2, MODE, TCAS, CODE, IDENT, BACK.
When the MODE Softkey is selected, the Mode Selection softkeys appear: STBY, ON, ALT, TA ONLY, TA/
RA, BACK.
When the CODE Softkey is selected, the number softkeys appear: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, IDENT, BKSP,
BACK. The digits 8 and 9 are not used for code entry. Selecting the numbered softkeys in sequence enters
the transponder code. If an error is made, selecting the BKSP Softkey moves the code selection cursor to the
previous digit. Selecting the BKSP Softkey again moves the cursor to the next previous digit.
Selecting the BACK Softkey returns to the previous level softkeys.
The code can also be entered with the FMS Knob on either PFD. Code entry must be completed with either
the softkeys or the FMS Knob, but not a combination of both.
Selecting the IDENT Softkey while in Code Selection initiates the ident function and reverts to the top-level
softkeys.
After 45 seconds of transponder control inactivity, the system reverts back to the top-level softkeys.

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XPDR/TFC IDENT

(optional) (optional)
XPDR1 XPDR2 MODE TCAS CODE IDENT BACK MSG

Selecting the BACK Softkey

returns to the top-level softkeys.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IDENT BKSP BACK MSG

Selecting the BACK Softkey

returns to the previous level softkeys.

STBY ON ALT TA ONLY TA/RA BACK MSG

Selecting the BACK Softkey

returns to the previous level softkeys.

Figure 4-56 Transponder Softkeys (with TCAS II option)

TCAS II TRANSPONDER MODE SELECTION (OPTIONAL)

Mode selection can be automatic (Altitude Mode) or manual (Standby, On, and Altitude Modes). The STBY,
ON, ALT, TA ONLY, and TA/RA Softkeys can be accessed by selecting the XPDR/TFC Softkey, then the MODE
Softkey.
Selecting a transponder mode:
1) Select the XPDR/TFC Softkey.
2) Select the MODE Softkey to display the Transponder Mode Selection Softkeys.
3) Select the desired softkey to activate the transponder mode (STBY, ON, or ALT).

Selecting a TCAS II mode:

1) Select the XPDR/TFC Softkey.
2) Select the MODE Softkey to display the TCAS II Mode Selection Softkeys.
3) Select the desired softkey to activate the TCAS II mode (TA ONLY or TA/RA).

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STANDBY MODE (MANUAL)

NOTE: In Standby Mode, the IDENT function is inhibited. TCAS II is switched to Standby Mode, because the
transponder is not capable of supporting TCAS II operation in Standby Mode.
Standby Mode can be selected at any time by pressing the STBY Softkey. In Standby, the transponder
is powered and new codes can be entered, but no replies or squitters are transmitted.. When Standby is
selected, a white STBY indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the Transponder Data
Box.
STBY Mode (White
Code Number and
Mode)

Figure 4-57 Standby Mode

ON MODE (MANUAL)

NOTE: TCAS II is switched to Standby Mode, because the transponder is not capable of supporting TCAS II
operation in On Mode.
ON Mode can be selected at any time by pressing the ON Softkey. ON Mode generates Mode A and Mode S
replies as well as transmission of acquisition squitters. If equipped with an optional ADS-B out capable
transponder, On Mode will also generates extended squitters. Mode C altitude reporting is inhibited. In ON
Mode, a green ON indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the Transponder Data Box.
ON Mode
(No Altitude
Reporting)

Figure 4-58 ON Mode

ALTITUDE MODE (AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL)

NOTE: TCAS II is switched to Standby Mode when the altitude mode is manually selected using the ALT
Softkey.
Altitude Mode is automatically selected when the aircraft becomes airborne. Altitude Mode may also be
selected manually by selecting the ALT Softkey. ALT Mode generates Mode A and Mode C replies. Acquisition
squitter and replies to discretely addressed Mode S interrogations are also permitted. If equipped with an
optional ADS-B out capable transponder, Altitude Reporting Mode will also generate extended squitters.

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If Altitude Mode is selected, a green ALT indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the
Transponder Data Box, and all transponder replies requesting altitude information are provided with pressure
altitude information.
ALT Mode
(Mode C Altitude
Reporting)

Figure 4-59 Altitude Mode

ENTERING A TRANSPONDER CODE

Entering a transponder code with softkeys:
1) Select the XPDR or XPDR/TFC Softkey to display the Transponder Mode Selection Softkeys.
2) Select the CODE Softkey to display the Transponder Code Selection Softkeys, for digit entry.
3) Select the digit softkeys to enter the code in the code field. When entering the code, the next softkey in sequence
must be selected within 10 seconds, or the entry is cancelled and restored to the previous code. Selecting the
BKSP Softkey moves the code selection cursor to the previous digit. Five seconds after the fourth digit has been
entered, the transponder code becomes active.
Entering
a Code

Figure 4-60 Entering a Code

Entering a transponder code with the PFD FMS Knob:

1) Select the XPDR and the CODE Softkeys as in the previous procedure to enable code entry.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob on the PFD to enter the first two code digits.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next code field.
4) Enter the last two code digits with the small FMS Knob.
5) Press the ENT Key to complete code digit entry.

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Pressing the CLR Key or small FMS Knob before code entry is complete cancels code entry and restores the
previous code. Waiting for 10 seconds after code entry is finished activates the code automatically.
Press the
ENT Key to
Complete
Turn the Small Code Entry
FMS Knob to
Enter Two Code Turn the Large
Digits at a Time FMS Knob
to Move the
Cursor to the
Next Code Field

Figure 4-61 Entering a Code with the FMS Knob

Manual code entry from the Control Unit

1) Press the XPDR Key to select the transponder code field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the first two code digits.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next code field.
4) Enter the last two code digits with the small FMS Knob.
5) Press the ENT Key to complete code digit entry.
Or:
1) Press the XPDR Key to select the transponder code field.
2) Press the numeric keys on the keypad to enter a code.
If an error is made during code entry with the numeric keypad, pressing the BKSP Key moves the cursor
back one space. If an incorrect code is entered, reenter the correct one using the same procedure.

Third, Press the ENT Key to complete code entry (only

required if using the FMS Knob to enter the code

Second, Turn the FMS Knob, using the small knob to enter two code digits
at a time, and the large knob to move the cursor to the next code field;
or Press the numeric keys to enter a code into the Transponder Data Box

First, Press the XPDR Key

to activate code entry
from the FMS Knob or
Numeric Keypad into the
Transponder Data Box

Figure 4-62 Transponder Code Entry from the Control Unit

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IDENT FUNCTION

NOTE: In Standby Mode, the IDENT Softkey is inoperative.

Selecting the IDENT Softkey or the IDENT Key on the Control Unit sends a distinct identity indication to
Air Traffic Control (ATC). The indication distinguishes the identing transponder from all the others on the air
traffic controller’s screen. The IDENT Softkey appears on all levels of transponder softkeys. When the IDENT
Softkey or the IDENT Key is selected, a green IDNT indication is displayed in the mode field of the Transponder
Data Box for a duration of 18 seconds.
After the IDENT Softkey is selected while in Mode or Code Selection, the system reverts to the top-level
softkeys.
IDNT
Indication
Select the
IDENT Softkey
to Initiate the
ID Function

Figure 4-63 IDENT Softkey and Indication

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FLIGHT ID REPORTING

NOTE: If the Flight ID is required but the system is not configured for it, contact a Garmin-authorized service
center for configuration.
When the Flight ID must be entered before flight operation, the identifier is placed in the Timer/References
Window on the PFD. The Flight ID can be up to eight characters. No space is needed when entering Flight
ID. When a Flight ID contains a space, the system automatically removes it upon completion of Flight ID entry.
The Flight ID is also displayed on the System - Status Page.
Entering a Flight ID:
1) Select the TMR/REF Softkey to display the Timer/References Window.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the selection cursor, if not already activated.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll down to the Flight ID.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the desired Flight ID.
5) Press the ENT Key to complete Flight ID entry. The word “updating” appears until the new entry is completed.
If an error is made during Flight ID entry, pressing the CLR Key returns to the original Flight ID entry. While
entering a Flight ID, turning the FMS Knob counterclockwise moves the cursor back one space for each detent
of rotation. If an incorrect Flight ID is discovered after the unit begins operation, reenter the correct Flight ID
using the same procedure.

Flight ID
PFD Entry

Figure 4-64 Timer/References Window, Entering Flight ID

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4.6 ADDITIONAL AUDIO PANEL FUNCTIONS

POWER-UP
The Audio Panels perform a self-test during power-up. During the self-test all Audio Panel annunciator lights
illuminate for approximately two seconds. Once the self-test is completed, most of the settings are restored to
those in use before the unit was last turned off. The exceptions are the speaker and intercom, which are always
selected during power up.

MONO/STEREO HEADSETS
Stereo headsets are recommended for use in this aircraft.
Using a monaural headset in a stereo jack shorts the right headset channel output to ground. While this does
not damage the Audio Panel, a person listening on a monaural headset hears only the left channel in both ears.
If a monaural headset is used at one of the passenger positions, any other passenger using a stereo headset hears
audio in the left ear only.

SPEAKER
Each Audio Panel controls a separate cabin speaker. Pressing the SPKR Key selects and deselects the on-side
speaker unless oxygen masks are in use. While using oxygen masks, the on-side cabin speaker is always on,
pilot audio is always heard on the speaker, and the SPKR Key is disabled (the speaker remains on) on the side
in which the oxygen mask is in use.
All of the radios can be heard over the cabin speakers. Speaker audio is muted when the PTT is pressed. The
“Stall” aural warning is always heard on the speaker, even when the speaker is not selected.

Figure 4-65 Music and Speaker Keys

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INTERCOM
Pressing the INTR COM Key on either Audio Panel selects and deselects the intercom on both Audio Panels.
The annunciator is lit when the intercom is active. The intercom connects the pilot and copilot together. Either
the pilot or copilot may select or deselect the intercom.
The CABIN Key initiates two way communication between the pilot or copilot and the passengers in the
cabin. The annunciator is lit when the cabin intercom is active on either Audio Panel.
When the flight crew wants to communicate with the passengers, the pilot or copilot presses the CABIN
Key to signal that communication is desired. The cabin signal must be acknowledged to begin intercom
conversation.
When the passengers want to communicate with the pilot/copilot, they press the HAIL Key at their seat in
the cabin. The CABIN annunciator flashes on both Audio Panels to signal the pilot and copilot that cabin
communication is desired. The hail signal must be acknowledged by pressing the CABIN Key to begin intercom
conversation.
The MAN SQ Key allows either automatic or manual control of the intercom squelch setting. Pressing the
MAN SQ Key enables manual squelch control, indicated by the MAN SQ annunciator.
• When the MAN SQ Annunciator is extinguished (Automatic Squelch is on), the ICS Knob controls only the
volume (pressing the ICS Knob has no effect on the VOL/SQ selection).
• When the MAN SQ Annunciator is illuminated (Manual Squelch), the ICS Knob controls either volume or
squelch (selected by pressing the ICS Knob and indicated by the VOL or SQ annunciation).
Manual Squelch
Annunciator; Off
for Automatic
Squelch, On for
Manual Squelch Cabin Annunciator; On for
Cabin Intercom, Flashes for
Cabin to Flight Deck Hail
Pilot/Copilot Selects and Deselects
ICS Cabin Intercom

Press to switch
between VOL and SQ.
Turn to adjust Squelch Master Volume
when SQ Annunciation Control for Pilot
is lit, Volume when Side or Copilot
VOL Annunciation is lit. Side
Volume Annunciation Squelch Annunciation

Figure 4-66 Intercom Controls

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PASSENGER ADDRESS (PA) SYSTEM

A passenger address system is provided by pressing the PA Key to deliver messages to the passengers. The
message is heard by the other pilot on the headset only if the PA Key is enabled on both audio panels. PA
messages are one way from the flight deck to the passengers.
A Push-to-talk (PTT) must be pressed to deliver PA announcements to the passengers over their headphones.
When PA is selected on the Audio Panel, the annunciator flashes about once per second while pressing the
PTT, the COM MIC annunciator is no longer lit, and the active COM frequency for that Audio Panel changes to
white, indicating that there is no COM selected.

PA Key is Selected on
the Audio Panel

Figure 4-67 PA Key Selected for Cabin Announcements

CLEARANCE RECORDER AND PLAYER

NOTE: Pressing the play key on the pilot’s Audio Panel plays recorded audio to the Pilot. Pressing the play
key on the Copilot’s Audio Panel plays recorded audio to the Copilot.
The Audio Panel contains a digital clearance recorder that continually records up to 2.5 minutes of the
selected COM radio signal. Recorded COM audio is stored in separate memory blocks. Once 2.5 minutes of
recording time have been reached, the recorder begins recording over the stored memory blocks, starting from
the oldest block.
The PLAY Key controls the play function. The PLAY annunciator remains lit to indicate when play is in
progress. The PLAY annunciator turns off after playback is finished.
Pressing the PLAY Key once plays the latest recorded memory block and then returns to normal operation.
Pressing the PLAY Key again during play of a memory block stops play. If a COM input signal is detected
during play of a recorded memory block, play is halted.
Pressing the PLAY Key twice within one-half second while audio is playing plays the previous block of
recorded audio. Each subsequent two presses of the PLAY Key within one-half second backtracks through the
recorded memory blocks to reach and play any recorded block.
Powering off the unit automatically clears all recorded blocks.

PLAY Key
Controls the
Play Function

Figure 4-68 Play Key

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SIMULTANEOUS COM OPERATION

NOTE: When a COM radio is transmitting during simultaneous COM operation, the signal received on the
other COM radio is attenuated.
Both the pilot and the copilot can transmit and receive simultaneously over separate COM radios. The
selected COM MIC Annunciator flashes when either pilot’s microphone PTT is pressed.
If both pilots select the same COM radio, the pilot has priority on COM1 and the copilot has priority on
COM2.

ENTERTAINMENT INPUTS

NOTE: MUSIC 1 and MUSIC 2 inputs cannot be completely turned off. Audio level for MUSIC 1 and MUSIC 2
can be adjusted by a Garmin-authorized service center.

NOTE: Connecting a stereo input to either MUSIC 1 or MUSIC 2 jacks removes the SiriusXM Radio Audio
from that input.
The Audio Panel provides two stereo auxiliary entertainment inputs: MUSIC 1 and MUSIC 2. These inputs
are compatible with popular portable entertainment devices such as MP3 and CD players. Two 3.5-mm
stereo phone jacks are installed in convenient locations for audio connection. The headphone outputs of the
entertainment devices are plugged into the MUSIC 1 or MUSIC 2 jacks. The availability of the Entertainment
Inputs is as shown in the following table.
Pilot Music In (Music 1) Copilot Music In (Music 2) Crew Passengers
OFF* OFF GDL 69A (SiriusXM Radio) GDL 69A (SiriusXM Radio)
OFF ON** Copilot Music In Copilot Music In
ON OFF Pilot Music In GDL 69A (SiriusXM Radio)
ON ON Pilot Music In Copilot Music In
* OFF means no audio source is plugged into the respective Audio Jack Panel.
**ON means an audio source (e.g MP3 player) is plugged into the respective Audio Jack Panel.

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MUSIC 1
MUSIC 1 can be heard by the pilot and copilot when the MUSIC Key is selected.

MUSIC 1 Muting
MUSIC 1 muting occurs when aircraft radio, aural warning alerts, or marker beacon activity is heard.
MUSIC 1 is always soft muted when an interruption occurs from an aircraft radio. Soft muting is the
gradual return of MUSIC 1 to its original volume level. The time required for MUSIC 1 volume to return
to normal is between one-half and four seconds.

MUSIC 2
MUSIC 2 can be heard only by the passengers. MUSIC 2 is muted during PA announcements and when
aircraft radio or marker beacon activity is heard.

SIRIUSXM RADIO ENTERTAINMENT

SiriusXM Radio audio from the Data Link Receiver may be heard by the pilot and passengers simultaneously
(optional: requires subscription to SiriusXM Radio Service). Refer to the Additional Features Section for more
details on the Data Link Receiver.

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4.7 AUDIO PANELS PREFLIGHT PROCEDURE

NOTE: If the pilot and/or copilot are using headsets that have a high/low switch or volume control knob,
verify that the switch is in the high position and the volume control on the headsets are at maximum volume
setting. On single‑pilot flights, verify that all other headsets are not connected to avoid excess noise in the
audio system.

NOTE: Adjusting the PILOT volume control affects ICS audio that is heard in the headset for the flight crew
member that is performing the adjustment. Keep in mind that the intercom volumes on the Audio Panels
are independent of one another, but the radio volumes are not.

NOTE: When the MAN SQ Key is pressed, the ICS squelch can be set manually by the pilot and copilot. If
manual squelch is set to full open (SQ annunciated and the knobs turned counterclockwise) background
noise is heard in the ICS system as well as during COM transmissions.
After powering up the system, the following steps aid in maximizing the use of the Audio Panels as well as
prevent pilot and copilot induced issues. These preflight procedures should be performed each time a pilot
boards the aircraft to insure awareness of all audio levels in the Audio Panel and radios.

Automatic/Manual
Squelch

Pilot/Copilot Cabin ICS

ICS

ICS Volume and Master Volume

Squelch Control Control

Volume Annunciation Squelch Annunciation

Reversionary Mode Reversionary Mode

for PFD1 and MFD for PFD2 and MFD

Pilot Side Copilot Side

Figure 4-69 Audio Panel Controls

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Independent radio volume adjustments made using the MFD/PFD controls affect only the audio output for each
radio selected for adjustment. Radio volume adjustment affects both crew positions equally for each radio that
is adjusted. Turning the master volume control located on either Audio Panel affects only the audio heard in the
corresponding crew position headset. Thus, radio volume adjustments may be overridden by each crew position
independently using the master volume control on the Audio Panel for the respective crew position. The master
volume control for each Audio Panel affects all other system audio output for the pilot or copilot headset.
Setting the Audio Panel volume levels during preflight:
1) Verify the INTR COM Key is selected.
2) Verify manual squelch is set to minimum.
3) Turn the MSTR Knob (Master Volume Control) on both Audio Panels clockwise two full turns. This sets the
headset audio level to max volume (least amount of attenuation).
4) Adjust radio volume levels (COM, NAV, etc.) to a suitable level.
5) Adjust the ICS volume Knob on each Audio Panel to the desired intercom level.
6) Reset squelch to automatic, or adjust to the appropriate level manually.
Once this procedure has been completed, the master volume controls on both Audio Panels may now be
adjusted. The flight crew can change settings, keeping in mind the notes above.
Pilot Master
Volume Control

Radio Volume
Knobs Adjust
Radio Level

COM Radio Master Volume

Audio Knobs Adjust
Headphone
Volume Level
NAV Radio
Audio

Copilot Master
Volume Control

Figure 4-70 Radio and Headphone Volume Controls

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4.8 ABNORMAL OPERATION

Abnormal operation of the system includes failures of the system components and failure of associated
equipment, including switches and external devices.

STUCK MICROPHONE
If the push-to-talk (PTT) Key becomes stuck, the COM transmitter stops transmitting after 35 seconds of
continuous operation. An alert appears on the PFD to advise the crew of a stuck microphone.
The COM1 MIC or COM2 MIC Key Annunciator on the Audio Panel flashes as long as the PTT Key remains
stuck.

Figure 4-71 Stuck Microphone Alert

COM TUNING FAILURE

In case of a COM system tuning failure, the emergency frequency (121.500 MHz) is automatically tuned in
the radio in which the tuning failure occurred. Depending on the failure mode, a red X may appear on the
frequency display.
Emergency Channel
Loaded Automatically

Figure 4-72 COM Tuning Failure

PFD OR MFD FAILURE, DUAL SYSTEM

If PFD1 fails, COM1 and NAV1 display a red X on both remaining displays. NAV1 is unavailable. COM1
automatically tunes 121.500 MHz, but the frequency is not shown.
Emergency Channel
Loaded Automatically

Figure 4-73 Frequency Section of PFD2 Display after PFD1 Failure

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If the HSDB switch is in NORMAL MODE and the MFD fails, COM2 and NAV2 display a red X on the
remaining PFD display. NAV2 is unavailable. COM2 tunes 121.500 MHz, but the frequency is not shown.
If the HSDB switch is in REV MODE and PFD2 fails, COM2 and NAV2 display a red X on the remaining PFD
display. NAV2 is unavailable. COM2 tunes 121.500 MHz, but the frequency is not shown.

Figure 4-74 PFD1 Display after PFD2 Failure with HSDB Switch in REV Mode

AUDIO PANEL FAIL-SAFE OPERATION

If there is a failure of both Audio Panels, a fail-safe circuit connects the pilot’s headset and microphone directly
to the COM1 transceiver and the copilot’s headset directly to the COM2 transceiver. Audio is not available on
the speakers. If there is a failure of one Audio Panel, that side only has access to their respective on-side fail-
safe COM.

NOTE: Audio is not available on the speakers in case of an Audio Panel and its cross-side GIA unit
simultaneous failure.
If there is a failure of one Audio Panel, the remaining Audio Panel does not have access to the other side’s
COM or NAV. For example, if the pilot side Audio Panel fails, the copilot side Audio Panel has access to all
the radios except for COM1 and NAV1. In this case, the copilot can receive the audio from NAV2 and operate
COM2 for transmission/reception.
In addition, if there is a failure of one Audio Panel, the following functions are no longer available on the
failed side; NAV/ILS audio, speaker, cockpit/cockpit-passengers intercom, aural warning alerts on headset,
entertainment inputs, and digital recording radio. Also, if a stereo headset is in use, and an Audio Panel fails,
only the left channel will be heard in the headphones.

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REVERSIONARY MODE
The red DISPLAY BACKUP Button selects the Reversionary Mode. See the System Overview Section for
more information on Reversionary Mode.

Figure 4-75 Reversionary Mode Button

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SECTION 5 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT

5.1 INTRODUCTION
The Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 is an integrated flight, engine, communication, navigation and surveillance
system. This section of the Pilot’s Guide explains flight management using the Prodigy® Flight Deck 300.
The most prominent part of the system are the three full color displays: two Primary Flight Displays (PFD) and
a Multi Function Display (MFD). The information to successfully navigate the aircraft using the GPS sensors is
displayed on the PFD and the MFD. See examples in the Figure 5-1 and Figure 5-2. Detailed descriptions of flight
management functions are discussed later in this section.
A brief description of the GPS navigation data on the PFD and MFD follows.
Navigation mode indicates which sensor is providing the course data (e.g., GPS, VOR) and the flight plan phase
(e.g., Departure (DPRT), Terminal (TERM), Enroute (ENR), Oceanic (OCN), RNAV Approach (LNAV, LNAV+V, L/
VNAV, LP, LP+V, LPV), or Missed Approach (MAPR)). L/VNAV, LP, LP+V, and LPV approach service levels are only
available with SBAS. L/VNAV will be flown as an L/VNAV (Baro VNAV) approach when SBAS is not available.
The Inset Map is a small version of the MFD Navigation Map and can be displayed in the lower left corner of
the PFD. When the system is in reversionary mode, the Inset Map is displayed in the lower right corner. The
Inset Map is displayed by pressing the INSET Softkey. Pressing the INSET Softkey again, then pressing the OFF
Softkey removes the Inset Map.
The Navigation Map displays aviation data (e.g., airports, VORs, airways, airspaces), geographic data (e.g.,
cities, lakes, highways, borders), topographic data (map shading indicating elevation), and hazard data (e.g.,
traffic, terrain, weather). The amount of displayed data can be reduced by selecting the DCLTR Softkey. The
Navigation Map can be oriented four different ways: North Up (NORTH UP), Track Up (TRK UP), Desired Track
Up (DTK UP), or Heading Up (HDG UP).
An aircraft icon is placed on the Navigation Map at the location corresponding to the calculated present position.
The aircraft position and the flight plan legs are accurately based on GPS calculations. The basemap upon which
these are placed are from a source with less resolution, therefore the relative position of the aircraft to map features
is not exact. The leg of the active flight plan currently being flown is shown as a magenta line on the navigation
map. The other legs are shown in white.
There are 28 different map ranges available, from 500 feet to 2000 nm. The current range is indicated in the
lower right corner of the map and represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map. To change the map
range on any map, turn the Joystick counter-clockwise to zoom in ( -, decreasing), or clockwise to zoom out (+,
increasing).
The Direct-to Window, the Flight Plan Window, the Procedures Window, and the Nearest Airports Window
can be displayed in the lower right corner of the PFD. Details of these windows are discussed in detail later in
the section.

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Navigation Status Box

Navigation Mode

Inset Map Location of:

- Direct To Window
- Flight Plan Window
- Procedures Window
- Nearest Airports Window

Figure 5-1 GPS Navigation Information on the PFD

Navigation Status Box

Navigation Page Title Map Orientation

Navigation Map
- Aviation Data
- Geographic Data
- Topographic Data
- Hazard Data

Aircraft Icon
at Present Position Active Flight Plan Leg

Flight Plan Leg

Map Range
Figure 5-2 GPS Navigation Information on the MFD Navigation Page

NAVIGATION STATUS BOX

The Navigation Status Box located at the top of the PFD contains two fields displaying the following
information:

PFD Navigation Status Box

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• Active flight plan leg (e.g., ‘D-> KICT’ or ‘KIXD -> KCOS’) or flight plan annunciations (e.g., ‘Turn right to
021˚ in 8 seconds’)
• Distance (DIS) and Bearing (BRG) to the next waypoint or flight plan annunciations (e.g., ‘TOD within 1
minute’)
The symbols used in the PFD status bar are:
Symbol Description Symbol Description
Active Leg Left Holding Pattern

Direct-to Vector to Final

Right Procedure Turn Right DME Arc

Left Procedure Turn Left DME Arc

Right Holding Pattern

The Navigation Status Box located at the top of the MFD contains four data fields, each displaying one of the
following items:
BRG Bearing GS Ground Speed
DIS Distance ISA ISA Relative Temperature
DTK Desired Track LDG ETA at Final Destination
END Endurance MSA Minimum Safe Altitude
ENR ETE to Final Destination TAS True Air Speed
ESA Enroute Safe Altitude TKE Track Angle Error
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival TRK Track
ETE Estimated Time Enroute VSR Vertical Speed Required
FOB Fuel on Board XTK Crosstrack Error
FOD Fuel over Destination

MFD Navigation Status Box

The navigation information displayed in the four data fields can be selected on the MFD Data Bar Fields Box
on the AUX - System Setup Page. The default selections (in order left to right) are GS, DTK, TRK, and ETE.
Changing a field in the MFD Navigation Status Box:
1) Select the System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired field number in the MFD Data Bar Fields Box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to display and scroll through the data options list.
5) Select the desired data.
6) Press the ENT Key. Selecting the DFLTS Softkey returns all fields to the default setting.

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5.2 USING MAP DISPLAYS

Map displays are used extensively to provide situational awareness in flight. Most maps can display the following
information:

• Airports, NAVAIDs, airspaces, airways, land • Map Pointer information (distance and
data (highways, cities, lakes, rivers, borders, bearing to pointer, location of pointer, name,
etc.) with names and other pertinent information)
• Map range • Fuel range ring
•Wind direction and speed • Flight plan legs
• Map orientation • User waypoints
• Icons for enabled map features • Track vector
• Aircraft icon (representing present position) • Topography scale
• Nav range ring • Topography data
• Obstacle data

The information in this section applies to the following maps unless otherwise noted:

• All Map Group Pages (MAP) • Flight Plan Pages (FPL)

• All Waypoint Group Pages (WPT) • Direct-to Window
• AUX - Trip Planning • PFD Inset Map
• All Nearest Group Pages (NRST) • Procedure Loading Pages

MAP ORIENTATION
Maps are shown in one of four different orientation options, allowing flexibility in determining aircraft
position relative to other items on the map (north up) or for determining where map items are relative to where
the aircraft is going (track up, desired track up, or heading up). The map orientation is shown in the upper
right corner of the map.

Figure 5-3 Map Orientation

• North up (NORTH UP) aligns the top of the map display to north (default setting).
• Track up (TRK UP) aligns the top of the map display to the current ground track.

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• Desired track up (DTK UP) aligns the top of the map display to the desired course.
• Heading up (HDG UP) aligns the top of the map display to the current aircraft heading.

NOTE: When panning or reviewing active flight plan legs in a non-North Up orientation, the map does not
show the map orientation nor the wind direction and speed.

NOTE: Map orientation can only be changed on the Navigation Map Page. Any other displays that show
navigation data reflect the orientation selected for the Navigation Map Page.

Changing the Navigation Map orientation:

1) With the Navigation Map Page displayed, press the MENU Key. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.

Map Setup
Selection

Figure 5-4 Navigation Map Page Menu Window

2) Press the ENT Key to display the Map Setup Window.

3) Turn the large FMS Knob, or press the ENT Key once, to select the ‘ORIENTATION’ field.

Map Group Selection

Orientation Field

Auto North Up
- On/Off
- Minimum Range

Figure 5-5 Map Setup Menu Window - Map Group

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4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired orientation.

5) Press the ENT Key to select the new orientation.
6) Press the FMS Knob to return to the base page.
The map can be configured to switch automatically to a north up orientation when the map range reaches a
minimum range.
Enabling/disabling Auto North Up and selecting the minimum switching range:
1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Map’ group.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) Highlight the ‘AUTO NORTH UP’ field.
6) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’ using the small FMS Knob.
7) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected option. The flashing cursor highlights the range field.
8) Use the small FMS Knob to select the desired range.
9) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected option.
10) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

MAP RANGE
There are 28 different map ranges available, from 500 feet to 2000 nm. The current range is indicated in
the lower right corner of the map and represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map. When the
map range is decreased to a point that exceeds the capability of the system to accurately represent the map,
a magnifying glass icon is shown to the left of the map range. To change the map range turn the Joystick
counter-clockwise to decrease the range, or clockwise to increase the range.

Range Overzoom

Figure 5-6 Map Range

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AUTO ZOOM
Auto zoom allows the system to change the map display range to the smallest range clearly showing the
active waypoint. Auto zoom can be overridden by adjusting the range with the Joystick, and remains until
the active waypoint changes, a terrain or traffic alert occurs, the aircraft takes off, or the manual override times
out (timer set on Map Setup Window). Auto zoom is suspended while the map pointer is active.
If a terrain caution or warning occurs, all navigation maps automatically adjust to the smallest map range
clearly showing the potential impact points If a new traffic advisory alert occurs, any map page capable of
displaying traffic advisory alerts automatically adjusts to the smallest map range clearly showing the traffic
advisory. When terrain or traffic alerts clear, the map returns to the previous auto zoom range based on the
active waypoint.
The auto zoom function can be turned on or off independently for the PFDs and MFD. Control of the
ranges at which the auto zoom occurs is done by setting the minimum and maximum ‘look forward’ times
(set on the Map Setup Window for the Map Group). These settings determine the minimum and maximum
distance to display based upon the aircraft’s ground speed.
• Waypoints that are long distances apart cause the map range to increase to a point where many details on
the map are decluttered. If this is not acceptable, lower the maximum look ahead time to a value that limits
the auto zoom to an acceptable range.
• Waypoints that are very short distances apart cause the map range to decrease to a point where situational
awareness may not be what is desired. Increase the minimum look ahead time to a value that limits the auto
zoom to a minimum range that provides acceptable situational awareness.
• Flight plans that have a combination of long and short legs cause the range to increase and decrease as
waypoints sequence. To avoid this, auto zoom can be disabled or the maximum/minimum times can be
adjusted.
• The ‘time out’ time (configurable on the Map Setup Page for the Map Group) determines how long auto
zoom is overridden by a manual adjustment of the range knob. At the expiration of this time, the auto
zoom range is restored. Setting the ‘time out’ value to zero causes the manual override to never time out.
• When the maximum ‘look forward’ time is set to zero, the upper limit becomes the maximum range available
(2000 nm).
• When the minimum ‘look forward’ time is set to zero, the lower limit becomes 1.5 nm.

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Auto Zoom:
Off, MFD Only, PFD Only, All On Maximum Look Forward Time
Minimum Look Forward Time
Manual Range Override
Expiration Time

Figure 5-7 Map Setup Menu Window - Map Group, Auto Zoom

Configuring automatic zoom:

1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Map’ group.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) Highlight the ‘AUTO ZOOM’ field.
6) Select ‘Off’, ‘MFD Only’, ‘PFD Only’, or ‘ALL On’.
7) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected option. The flashing cursor highlights the ‘MAX LOOK FWD’ field.
Times are from zero to 999 minutes.
8) Use the FMS Knobs to set the time. Press the ENT Key.
9) Repeat step 8 for ‘MIN LOOK FWD’ (zero to 99 minutes) and ‘TIME OUT’ (zero to 99 minutes).
10) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

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MAP PANNING
Map panning allows the pilot to:
• View parts of the map outside the displayed range without adjusting the map range by panning the map
(Joystick)
• Highlight and select locations on the map (Joystick)
• Display an information screen for a selected airport, NAVAID (VOR, Intersection, NDB), user waypoint, or
airspace (ENT Key)
• Graphically create user waypoints (ENT Key)
• Measure the bearing and distance from the aircraft present position to any location on the navigation map, or
between any two points on the navigation map (MENU Key)
• Review airspace, obstacle and airway information in a pop-up window on the navigation map (Joystick)
When the panning function is selected by pressing the Joystick, the Map Pointer flashes on the map display.
A window also appears at the top of the map display showing the latitude/longitude position of the pointer,
the bearing and distance to the pointer from the aircraft’s present position, and the elevation of the land at the
position of the pointer.

Map Pointer
Information

Map Pointer

Figure 5-8 Navigation Map - Map Pointer Activated

NOTE: The map is normally centered on the aircraft’s position. If the map has been panned and there has
been no pointer movement for about 60 seconds, the map reverts back to centered on the aircraft position
and the flashing pointer is removed.

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When the Map Pointer is placed on an object, the name of the object is highlighted (even if the name was
not originally displayed on the map). When any map feature or object is selected on the map display, pertinent
information is displayed.

Information about
Point of Interest

Map Pointer
on POI

Figure 5-9 Navigation Map - Map Pointer on Point of Interest

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When the Map Pointer crosses an airspace boundary, the boundary is highlighted and airspace information
is shown at the top of the display. The information includes the name and class of airspace, the ceiling in feet
above Mean Sea Level (MSL), and the floor in feet MSL.

Information
about Airspace

Map Pointer
on Airspace

Figure 5-10 Navigation Map - Map Pointer on Airspace

Panning the map:

1) Press the Joystick to display the Map Pointer.
2) Move the Joystick to move the Map Pointer around the map.
3) Press the Joystick to remove the Map Pointer and recenter the map on the aircraft’s current position.

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Reviewing information for an airport, NAVAID, or user waypoint:

1) Place the Map Pointer on a waypoint.
2) Press the ENT Key to display the Waypoint Information Page for the selected waypoint.
3) Select the GO BACK Softkey, press the CLR Key, or press the ENT Key to exit the Waypoint Information Page
and return to the Navigation Map showing the selected waypoint.

NAVAID
Information

GO BACK Softkey
Figure 5-11 Navigation Map - Information Window - NAVAID

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Viewing airspace information for a special-use or controlled airspace:

1) Place the Map Pointer on an open area within the boundaries of an airspace.
2) Press the ENT Key to display an options menu.
3) ‘Review Airspaces’ should already be highlighted, if not select it. Press the ENT Key to display the Airspace
Information Page for the selected airspace.
4) Press the CLR or ENT Key to exit the Airspace Information Page.

Airspace
Information

Figure 5-12 Navigation Map - Information Window - Airspace

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MEASURING BEARING AND DISTANCE

Distance and bearing from the aircraft’s present position to any point on the viewable navigation map may be
calculated using the ‘Measure Bearing and Distance’ selection from Navigation Map page menu. The bearing
and distance tool displays a dashed Measurement Line and a Measure Pointer to aid in graphically identifying
points with which to measure. Lat/Long, distance and elevation data for the Measure Pointer is provided in a
window at the top of the navigation map.
Measuring bearing and distance between any two points:
1) Press the MENU Key (with the Navigation Map Page displayed).
2) Highlight the ‘Measure Bearing/Distance’ field.
3) Press the ENT Key. A Measure Pointer is displayed on the map at the aircraft’s present position.
4) Move the Joystick to place the reference pointer at the desired location. The bearing and distance are displayed
at the top of the map. Elevation at the current pointer position is also displayed. Pressing the ENT Key changes
the starting point for measuring.
5) To exit the Measure Bearing/Distance option, press the Joystick
Or:
Select ‘Stop Measuring’ from the page menu and press the ENT Key.


Measurement Pointer
Information Lat/Long

Measurement
Line

Figure 5-13 Navigation Map - Measuring Bearing and Distance

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TOPOGRAPHY
All navigation maps can display various shades of topography colors representing land elevation, similar
to aviation sectional charts. Topographic data can be displayed or removed as described in the following
procedures.

Navigation Map
Topographic Data
Navigation Map
Black Background

TOPO Softkey
Not Enabled
Topographic Data
on Profile Map
TOPO Softkey
TOPO Off Enabled TOPO On
Figure 5-14 Navigation Map - Topographic Data

Displaying/removing topographic data on all pages displaying navigation maps:

1) Select the MAP Softkey (press the INSET Softkey for the PFD Inset Map).
2) Select the TOPO Softkey.
3) Select the TOPO Softkey again to remove topographic data from the Navigation Map. When topographic data
is removed from the page, all navigation data is presented on a black background.
Displaying/removing topographic data (TOPO DATA) using the Navigation Map Page Menu:
1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Map’ group.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) Highlight the ‘TOPO DATA’ field.
6) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
7) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

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TOPO DATA TOPO DATA

On/Off Range

Figure 5-15 Navigation Map Setup Menu - TOPO DATA Setup

The topographic data range is the maximum map range on which topographic data is displayed.

NOTE: Since the PFD Inset Map is much smaller than the MFD navigation maps, items are removed on the
PFD Inset Map two range levels smaller than the range selected in the Map Setup pages (e.g., a setting
of 100 nm removes the item at ranges above 100 nm on MFD navigation maps, while the PFD Inset Map
removes the same item at 50 nm).

Selecting a topographical data range (TOPO DATA):

1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Map’ group.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) Highlight the ‘TOPO DATA’ range field. TOPO ranges are from 500 ft to 2000 nm.
6) To change the TOPO range setting, turn the small FMS Knob to display the range list.
7) Select the desired range using the small FMS Knob.
8) Press the ENT Key.
9) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

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In addition, the Navigation Map can display a topographic scale (located in the lower right hand side of the
map) showing a scale of the terrain elevation and current elevation values.

Maximum Displayed Elevation

Minimum Displayed Elevation

Aircraft Altitude (MSL)

Range of
Displayed Ground Elevation at Map Pointer
Elevations Location (only visible when Map
Pointer is displayed)

Figure 5-16 Navigation Map - TOPO SCALE

Displaying/removing the topographic scale (TOPO SCALE):

1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Map’ group and press the ENT Key.
4) Highlight the ‘TOPO SCALE’ field.
5) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
6) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

TOPO SCALE
On/Off

Figure 5-17 Navigation Map Setup Menu - TOPO SCALE Setup

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MAP SYMBOLS
This section discusses the types of land and aviation symbols that can be displayed. Each listed type of symbol
can be turned on or off, and the maximum range to display each symbol can be set. The decluttering of the
symbols from the map using the DCLTR Softkey is also discussed.

LAND SYMBOLS
The following items are configured on the land menu:
Land Symbols Default Maximum
(Text label size can be None, Small, Medium (Med), or Large Symbol
(Lrg))
Range (nm) Range (nm)

Latitude/Longitude (LAT/LON) Off 2000

Highways and Roads

Interstate Highway (FREEWAY) 300 800

International Highway (FREEWAY) 300 800

US Highway (NATIONAL HWY) 30 80

State Highway (LOCAL HWY) 15 30

Local Road (LOCAL ROAD) N/A 8 15

Railroads (RAILROAD) 15 30

LARGE CITY (> 200,000) 800 1500

MEDIUM CITY (> 50,000) 100 200
SMALL CITY (> 5,000) 20 50
States and Provinces (STATE/PROV) 800 1500

Rivers and Lakes (RIVER/LAKE) 200 500

USER WAYPOINT 150 300

Table 5-1 Land Symbol Information

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AVIATION SYMBOLS
The following items are configured on the aviation menu:
Aviation Symbols Default Maximum
(Text label size can be None, Small, Medium (Med), Symbol
or Large (Lrg))
Range (nm) Range (nm)

Active Flight Plan Leg (ACTIVE FPL) 2000 2000

Non-active Flight Plan Leg (ACTIVE FPL) 2000 2000
Active Flight Plan Waypoint (ACTIVE FPL WPT) See Airports, NAVAIDs 2000 2000
Large Airports (LARGE APT) (Longest Runway ≥ 8100 ft) 250 500
Medium Airports (MEDIUM APT) (8100 ft > Longest
150 300
Runway ≥ 5000 ft)
Small Airports (SMALL APT) (Longest Runway < 5000 ft)
50 100
(Medium Airport if it has a tower frequency)
Taxiways (SAFETAXI) See Additional Features 3 20
Runway Extension (RWY EXTENSION) N/A Off 100
Intersection (INT WAYPOINT) 15 30
Non-directional Beacon (NDB WAYPOINT) 15 30

VOR (VOR WAYPOINT) 150 300

Class B Airspace/TMA (CLASS B/TMA) 200 500

Class C Airspace/TCA (CLASS C/TCA) 200 500

Class D Airspace (CLASS D) 150 300

Restricted Area (RESTRICTED) 200 500

Military Operations Area [MOA(MILITARY)] 200 500

Other/Air Defense Interdiction Zone (OTHER/ADIZ) 200 500

Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) 500 2000

Table 5-2 Aviation Symbol Information

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SYMBOL SETUP
All pages with maps can display land symbols (roads, lakes, borders, etc). Land symbols can be removed
totally (turned off).
Displaying/removing all land symbols:
1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The Page Menu is displayed and the cursor
flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Group Menu is displayed and the cursor flashes on the ‘Map’ option.
3) Highlight the ‘LAND DATA’ field.
4) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
5) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

LAND DATA
On/Off

Figure 5-18 Navigation Map Setup Menu - LAND DATA Setup

The label size (TEXT) sets the size at which labels appear on the display (none, small, medium, and large).
The range (RNG) sets the maximum range at which items appear on the display.
Selecting a ‘Land’ or ‘Aviation’ group item text size and range:
1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Land’ or ‘Aviation’ group.
4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor flashes on the first field.
5) Select the desired land option.
6) Select the desired text size.
7) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected size.
8) Select the desired range.
9) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected range.
10) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

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Text Label Size

(None, Small, Med, or Lrg) Maximum Display Range

Figure 5-19 Navigation Map Setup Menu - LAND GROUP Setup

Text Label Size

(None, Small, Med, or Lrg) Maximum Display Range

Figure 5-20 Navigation Map Setup Menu - AVIATION GROUP Setup

NOTE: Since the PFD Inset Map is much smaller than the MFD navigation maps, items are removed on the
PFD Inset Map two range levels smaller than the range selected in the Map Setup pages (e.g., a setting
of 100 nm removes the item at ranges above 100 nm on MFD navigation maps, while the PFD Inset Map
removes the same item at 50 nm).

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MAP DECLUTTER
The declutter feature allows the pilot to progressively step through four levels of removing map information.
The declutter level is displayed in the DCLTR Softkey and next to the Declutter Menu Option.

Declutter Level

DCLTR Softkey
Navigation Map Page Menu
Figure 5-21 Navigation Map - Declutter Level Indications

Decluttering the map:

Select the DCLTR Softkey with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The current declutter level is shown. With

each softkey selection, another level of map information is removed.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed.
2) Select ‘Declutter’. The current declutter level is shown.
3) Press the ENT Key.

Decluttering the PFD Inset Map:

1) Press the INSET Softkey.
2) Select the DCLTR Softkey. The current declutter level is shown. With each selection, another level of map
information is removed.

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Table 5-3 lists the items that are decluttered at each map detail level. The ‘X’ represents map items
decluttered for each level of detail.
Item Declutter-1 Declutter-2 Declutter-3
Data Link Radar Precipitation X
Data Link Lightning X
Graphical METARs X
Airports X
Safe Taxi X
Runway Labels X
TFRs X
Restricted X
MOA (Military) X
User Waypoints X X
Latitude/Longitude Grid X X
NAVAIDs (does not declutter if used to define airway) X X
Intersections (does not declutter if used to define airway) X X
Class B Airspaces/TMA X X
Class C Airspaces/TCA X X
Class D Airspaces X X
Other Airspaces/ADIZ X X
Obstacles X X
Cities X X X
Roads X X X
Railroads X X X
State/Province Boundaries X X X

Table 5-3 Navigation Map Items Decluttered for each Detail Level

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AIRWAYS
This airways discussion is based upon the North American airway structure. The airway structure in places
other than North America vary by location, etc. and are not discussed in this book. Low Altitude Airways
(Victor Airways or T-Routes) start 1,200 feet above ground level (AGL) and extend up to 18,000 feet mean sea
level (MSL). Low Altitude Airways are designated with a “V” or a “T” before the airway number.
High Altitude Airways (Jet Routes or Q-Routes) start at 18,000 feet MSL and extend upward to 45,000 feet
MSL. High Altitude Airways are designated with a “J” or a “Q” before the airway number.
Low Altitude Airways are drawn in gray (the same shade used for roads). High Altitude Airways are drawn
in green. When both types of airways are displayed, High Altitude Airways are drawn on top of Low Altitude
Airways.
When airways are selected for display on the map, the airway waypoints (VORs, NDBs and Intersections) are
also displayed.

Low Altitude
Airway
(Victor Airway)

High Altitude
Airway
(Jet Route)

Low Altitude
Airway
(T-Route)

Figure 5-22 Airways on MFD Navigation Page

Airways may be displayed on the map at the pilot’s discretion using either a combination of AIRWAYS Softkey
selections, or menu selections using the MENU Key from the Navigation Map Page. The Airway range can also
be programmed to only display Airways on the MFD when the map range is at or below a specific number.
Displaying/removing airways:
1) Select the MAP Softkey.
2) Select the AIRWAYS Softkey. Both High and Low Altitude Airways are displayed (AIRWY ON).

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3) Select the softkey again to display Low Altitude Airways only (AIRWY LO).
4) Select the softkey again to display High Altitude Airways only (AIRWY HI).
5) Select the softkey again to remove High Altitude Airways. No airways are displayed (AIRWAYS).
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Airways’ group, and press the ENT Key.
4) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the ‘AIRWAYS’ field.
5) Turn the FMS Knob to select ‘Off’, ‘All’, ‘LO Only’, or ‘HI Only’, and press the ENT Key.
6) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

Airway Display Selection

Off, All, LO Only, HI Only Low Altitude Airway Range
High Altitude Airway Range
Figure 5-23 Navigation Map Setup Menu - AIRWAYS Setup

The airway range is the maximum map range on which airways are displayed.
Selecting an airway range (LOW ALT AIRWAY or HI ALT AIRWAY):
1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Airways’ group, and press the ENT Key.
4) Highlight the ‘LOW ALT AIRWAY’ or ‘HI ALT AIRWAY’ range field.
5) To change the range setting, turn the small FMS Knob to display the range list.
6) Select the desired range using the small FMS Knob.
7) Press the ENT Key.
8) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.
The following range items are configurable on the airways menu:
Default Maximum
Airway Type Symbol
Range (nm) Range (nm)

Low Altitude Airway (LOW ALT AIRWAY) 200 500

High Altitude Airway (HI ALT AIRWAY) 300 500

Table 5-4 Airway Range Information

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TRACK VECTOR
The Navigation Map can display a track vector that is useful in minimizing track angle error. The track vector
is a solid cyan line segment extended to a predicted location. The track vector look-ahead time is selectable (30
sec, 60 sec (default), 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min) and determines the length of the track vector. The track
vector shows up to 90 degrees of a turn for the 30 and 60 second time settings. It is always a straight line for
the 2 min, 5 min, 10 min and 20 min settings.

Track Vector

Figure 5-24 Navigation Map -Track Vector

Displaying/removing the track vector:

1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Map’ group.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) Highlight the ‘TRACK VECTOR’ field.
6) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’. Press the ENT Key to accept the selected option. The flashing cursor highlights the look
ahead time field. Use the FMS Knob to select the desired time. Press the ENT Key.
7) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

Track Vector
Wind Vector On/Off - On/Off
Nav Range Ring On/Off - Look Ahead Time

Fuel Range
- On/Off
Selected Altitude Arc On/Off - Fuel Reserve Time
Figure 5-25 Navigation Map Setup Menu -TRACK VECTOR, WIND VECTOR, NAV RANGE RING, FUEL RNG RING,
SEL ALT ARC Setup

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WIND VECTOR
The map displays a wind vector arrow in the upper right-hand portion of the screen. Wind vector information
is displayed as a white arrow pointing in the direction in which the wind is moving for wind speeds greater than
or equal to 1 kt.

Wind Direction Wind Speed

Figure 5-26 Navigation Map - Wind Vector

NOTE: The wind vector is not displayed until the aircraft is moving. It is not displayed on the Waypoint
Information pages.

Displaying/removing the wind vector:

1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Map’ group.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) Highlight the ‘WIND VECTOR’ field.
6) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
7) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

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NAV RANGE RING

The Nav Range Ring shows the direction of travel (ground track) on a rotating compass card. The range is
determined by the map range. The range is 1/4 of the map range (e.g., 37.5 nm on a 150 nm map).

Range (radius)

Nav Range Ring

Figure 5-27 Navigation Map - Nav Range Ring

NOTE: The Nav Range Ring is not displayed on the Waypoint Information pages, Nearest pages, or Direct-to
Window map.

Displaying/removing the Nav Range Ring:

1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Map’ group.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) Highlight the ‘NAV RANGE RING’ field.
6) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
7) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

NOTE: The Nav Range Ring is referenced to either magnetic or true north, based on the selection on the AUX
- System Setup Page.

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FUEL RANGE RING

The map can display a fuel range ring which shows the remaining flight distance. A dashed green circle
indicates the selected range to reserve fuel. A solid green circle indicates the total endurance range. If only
reserve fuel remains, the range is indicated by a solid amber circle.

Time to Reserve Fuel

Total Endurance Range

Range to Reserve Fuel

Figure 5-28 Navigation Map - Fuel Range Ring

Displaying/removing the fuel range ring and selecting a fuel range time:
1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Map’ group.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) Highlight the ‘FUEL RNG (RSV)’ field.
6) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
7) Highlight the fuel reserve time field. This time should be set to the amount of flight time equal to the amount
of fuel reserve desired.
8) To change the reserve fuel time, enter a time (00:00 to 23:59; hours:minutes). The default setting is 00:45
minutes.
9) Press the ENT Key.
10) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

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FIELD OF VIEW (SVT)

The map can display the boundaries of the PFD Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) lateral field of view. The
field of view is shown as two dashed lines forming a V shape in front of the aircraft symbol on the map. This is
only available if SVT is installed on the aircraft.

Lateral Field
of View
Boundaries

Figure 5-29 Navigation Map - Field of View

Displaying/removing the field of view:

1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Map’ group.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) Highlight the ‘FIELD OF VIEW’ field.
6) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
7) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

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SELECTED ALTITUDE INTERCEPT ARC

The map can display the location along the current track where the aircraft will intercept the selected altitude.
The location will be shown as a cyan arc when the aircraft is actually climbing or descending.

Range to
Altitude Arc

Figure 5-30 Navigation Map - Range to Altitude Arc

Displaying/removing the selected altitude intercept arc:

1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
3) Select the ‘Map’ group.
4) Press the ENT Key.
5) Highlight the ‘SEL ALT ARC’ field.
6) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
7) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

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5.3 WAYPOINTS
Waypoints are predetermined geographical positions (internal database) or pilot-entered positions, and are
used for all phases of flight planning and navigation.
Communication and navigation frequencies can be tuned “automatically” from various Waypoint Information
(WPT) pages, Nearest (NRST) pages, and the Nearest Airports Window (on PFD). This auto-tuning feature
simplifies frequency entry over manual tuning. Refer to the Audio Panel and CNS section for details on auto-
tuning.
Waypoints can be selected by entering the ICAO identifier, entering the name of the facility, or by entering the
city name. See the System Overview section for detailed instructions on entering data. As a waypoint identifier,
facility name, or location is entered, the Spell’N’Find™ feature scrolls through the database, displaying those
waypoints matching the characters which have been entered to that point. A direct-to navigation leg to the
selected waypoint can be initiated by pressing the Direct-to Key on any of the waypoint pages.

- Waypoint Identifier
Identifier Entry Field - Type (symbol)
Facility - Facility Name
City Entry Field Entry - City
Field

Map Area Showing

Entered Waypoint
Entered Waypoint on
Map

Waypoint Location

Figure 5-31 Waypoint Information Window

If duplicate entries exist for the entered facility name or location, additional entries may be viewed by continuing
to turn the small FMS Knob during the selection process. If duplicate entries exist for an identifier, a Duplicate
Waypoints Window is displayed when the ENT Key is pressed.

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Identifier with
Duplicates

Duplicate
Waypoints

Duplicate
Message

Figure 5-32 Waypoint Information Window - Duplicate Identifier

AIRPORTS

NOTE: ‘North Up’ orientation on the Airport Information Page cannot be changed; the pilot needs to be
aware of proper orientation if the Navigation Map orientation is different from the Airport Information Page
Map.
The Airport Information Page is the first page in WPT group and allows the pilot to view airport information,
load frequencies (COM, NAV, and lighting), review runways, and review instrument procedures that may be
involved in the flight plan. See the Audio Panel and CNS Section for more information on loading frequencies
(auto-tuning). After engine startup, the Airport Information Page defaults to the airport where the aircraft is
located. After a flight plan has been loaded, it defaults to the destination airport. On a flight plan with multiple
airports, it defaults to the airport which is the current active waypoint.
In addition to displaying a map of the currently selected airport and surrounding area, the Airport Information
Page displays airport information in three boxes labeled ‘AIRPORT’, ‘RUNWAYS’, and ‘FREQUENCIES’. For
airports with multiple runways, information for each runway is available. This information is viewed on the
Airport Information Page by selecting the INFO softkey until INFO-1 is displayed.

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The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the Airport Information Page:
• Usage type: Public, Military, Private, or Heliport
• Runway surface type: Hard, Turf, Sealed, Gravel, Dirt, Soft, Unknown, or Water
• Runway lighting type: No Lights, Part Time, Full Time, Unknown, or PCL Freq (for pilot-controlled
lighting)
• COM Availability: TX (transmit only), RX (receive only), PT (part time), i (additional information available)

Airport Information
- ID/Facility/City
- Usage Type/Region
- Lat/Long/Elev
- Fuel Available
Navigation Map - Time Zone (UTC Offset)
Showing Selected
Airport
Runway Information
- Designation
- Length/Width/Surface
- Lighting Available
Airport/Runway
Diagram COM/NAV Freq. Info.
- Identification
- Frequency
- Availability
- Additional Information

Softkeys
Figure 5-33 Airport Information Page

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The AOPA directory information is viewed on the Airport Directory Page by selecting the INFO softkey until
INFO-2 is displayed. The following are types of AOPA airport directory information shown (if available) on
the Airport Directory Page:
• Airport: Identifier, Site • Traffic Pattern Altitudes • Runway: Headings, Length,
Number, Name, City, State (TPA): Aircraft Class/Altitude Width, Obstructions, Surface
• Phones: Phone/Fax Numbers • Weather: Service Type, • Obstructions: General Airport
Frequency, Phone Number Obstructions
• Hours: Facility Hours, Light • Flight Service Station (FSS): • Special Operations at
Hours, Tower Hours, Beacon FSS Name, Phone Numbers Airport
Hours
• Location: Sectional, Magnetic • Instrument Approaches: • Services Available: Category,
Variation Published Approach, Specific Service
Frequency
• Frequencies: Type/Frequency • NAVAIDS: Type, Identifier, • Notes: Airport Notes
Frequency, Radial, Distance
• Transportation: Ground • Noise: Noise Abatement • Pilot Controlled Lighting:
Transportation Type Available Procedures High/Med/Low Clicks/Second
• Approach: Approach Facility • Charts: Low Altitude Chart • FBO: Type, Frequencies,
Name, Frequency, Frequency Number Services, Fees, Fuel, Credit
Parameter Cards, Phone/Fax Numbers

Airport Information Airport Directory

- ID/Facility/City Information
- Usage Type/Region

Softkeys
Figure 5-34 Airport Directory Page Example

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Selecting an airport for review by identifier, facility name, or location:

1) From the Airport Information Page, press the FMS Knob.
2) Use the FMS Knobs and enter an identifier, facility name, or location.
3) Press the ENT Key.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.

Selecting a runway:
1) With the Airport Information Page displayed, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the ‘RUNWAYS’ Box, on the runway designator.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the desired runway (if more than one) for the selected airport.
4) To remove the flashing cursor, press the FMS Knob.

Viewing a destination airport:

From the Airport Information Page press the MENU Key. Select ‘View Destination Airport’. The Destination
Airport is displayed.
The Airport Frequencies Box uses the descriptions and abbreviations listed in the following table:

Communication Frequencies Navigation Frequencies

Approach * Control Pre-Taxi ILS
Arrival * CTA * Radar LOC
ASOS Departure * Ramp
ATIS Gate Terminal *
AWOS Ground TMA *
Center Helicopter Tower
Class B * Multicom TRSA *
Class C * Other Unicom
Clearance
* May include Additional Information
Table 5-5 Airport Frequency Abbreviations
A departure, arrival, or approach can be loaded using the softkeys on the Airport Information Page. See the
Procedures section for details. METARs or TAFs applicable to the selected airport can be selected for display (see
the Hazard Avoidance section for details about weather).
The system provides a NRST Softkey on the PFD, which gives the pilot quick access to nearest airport
information (very useful if an immediate landing is required). The Nearest Airports Window displays a list of
up to the 25 nearest airports (three entries can be displayed at one time). If there are more than three they are
displayed in a scrollable list. If there are no nearest airports available, “NONE WITHIN 200NM” is displayed.

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Bearing/Distance to Airport

Airport Identifier/ Approach Available

Type
Length of Longest
COM Freq. Info. Runway
- Identification
- Frequency
Additional Airports
(within 200 nm)

NRST Softkey
Figure 5-35 Nearest Airports Window on PFD

Pressing the ENT Key displays the PFD Airport Information Window for the highlighted airport. Pressing
the ENT Key again returns to the Nearest Airports Window with the cursor on the next airport in the list.
Continued presses of the ENT Key sequences through the information pages for all airports in the Nearest
Airports list.

Airport Information
- ID/Type/City
- Facility

Airport Information
- Usage/Time/Elev
- Region
Airport Information
- Lat/Long

Figure 5-36 Airport Information Window on PFD

The Nearest Airports Page on the MFD is first in the group of NRST pages because of its potential use in
the event of an in-flight emergency. In addition to displaying a map of the currently selected airport and
surrounding area, the page displays nearest airport information in five boxes labeled ‘NEAREST AIRPORTS’,
‘INFORMATION’, ‘RUNWAYS’, ‘FREQUENCIES’, and ‘APPROACHES’.
The selected airport is indicated by a white arrow, and a dashed white line is drawn on the navigation map
from the aircraft position to the nearest airport. Up to five nearest airports, one runway, up to five frequencies,
and up to six approaches are visible at one time. If there are more than can be shown, each list can be scrolled.
If there are no items for display in a boxed area, text indicating that fact is displayed. The currently selected
airport remains in the list until it is unselected.

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Nearest Airports
- ID/Type
- Bearing/Distance

Nearest Airport
Airport Information
- Facility/City/Elevation

Runway Information
- Designation/Surface
- Length/Width

COM/NAV Freq. Info.

- Identification
- Frequency
Navigation Map
Showing Nearest
Airport Approaches Available

Window Selection LD APR Softkey (only

Softkeys available if an approach
is highlighted)
Figure 5-37 Nearest Airport Page

Viewing information for a nearest airport on the PFD:

1) Select the NRST Softkey to display the Nearest Airports Window. Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
2) Highlight the airport identifier with the FMS Knob and press the ENT Key to display the Airport Information
Window.
3) To return to the Nearest Airports Window press the ENT Key (with the cursor on ‘BACK’) or press the CLR
Key. The cursor is now on the next airport in the nearest airports list. (Repeatedly pressing the ENT Key
moves through the airport list, alternating between the Nearest Airports Window and the Airport Information
Window.)
4) Press the CLR Key or the NRST Softkey to close the PFD Nearest Airports Window.

Viewing information for a nearest airport on the MFD:

1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the NRST page group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Nearest Airports Page (it is the first page of the group, so it may already
be selected). If there are no Nearest Airports available, “NONE WITHIN 200 NM” is displayed.
3) Select the APT Softkey; or press the FMS Knob; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Select Airport Window’ and
press the ENT Key. The cursor is placed in the ‘NEAREST AIRPORTS’ Box. The first airport in the nearest airports
list is highlighted.
4) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired airport. (Pressing the ENT Key also moves to the next airport.)
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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Viewing runway information for a specific airport:

1) With the Nearest Airports Page displayed, select the RNWY Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Select
Runway Window’; and press the ENT Key. The cursor is placed in the ‘RUNWAYS’ Box.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired runway.
3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
See the Audio Panel and CNS Section for frequency selection and the Procedures section for approaches.
The Nearest Airports Box on the System Setup Page defines the minimum runway length and surface type
used when determining the 25 nearest airports to display on the MFD Nearest Airports Page. A minimum
runway length and/or surface type can be entered to prevent airports with small runways or runways that are
not appropriately surfaced from being displayed. Default settings are 0 feet (or meters) for runway length and
“HARD/SOFT” for runway surface type.
Selecting nearest airport surface matching criteria:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the runway surface field in the Nearest Airports Box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired runway option (ANY, HARD ONLY, HARD/SOFT).
5) Press the ENT Key.
6) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Selecting nearest airport minimum runway length matching criteria:

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the minimum length field in the Nearest Airport Box.
4) Use the FMS Knob to enter the minimum runway length (zero to 25,000 feet) and press the ENT Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Nearest Airport Criteria

- Type of Runway Surface
- Minimum Runway Length

Figure 5-38 System Setup Page - Nearest Airport Selection Criteria

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INTERSECTIONS

NOTE: The VOR displayed on the Intersection Information Page is the nearest VOR, not necessarily the VOR
used to define the intersection.
The Intersection Information Page is used to view information about intersections. In addition to displaying
a map of the currently selected intersection and surrounding area, the Intersection Information Page displays
intersection information in three boxes labeled ‘INTERSECTION’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘NEAREST VOR’.

Intersection Identifier

Intersection Info
- Region
Navigation Map - Lat/Long
Showing Selected
Intersection Nearest VOR Info
- Identifier/Type (symbol)
- Radial to VOR
- Distance to VOR
Selected
Intersection

Figure 5-39 Intersection Information Page

Selecting an intersection:
1) With the Intersection Information Page displayed, enter an identifier in the Intersection Box.
2) Press the ENT Key.
3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
Or:
1) With the Nearest Intersections Page displayed, press the FMS Knob.
2) Press the ENT Key or turn either FMS Knob to select an identifier in the Nearest Intersection Box.
3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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The Nearest Intersections Page can be used to quickly find an intersection close to the flight path. In addition
to displaying a map of the surrounding area, the page displays information for up to 25 nearest intersections in
three boxes labeled ‘NEAREST INT’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘REFERENCE VOR’.
The selected intersection is indicated by a white arrow. Up to sixteen intersections are visible at a time. If
there are more than can be shown, the list can be scrolled. If there are no items for display, text indicating that
fact is displayed.

NOTE: The list only includes waypoints that are within 200 nm.

Intersection Information
- Identifier/Symbol
- Bearing/Distance to
intersection from
aircraft position

Navigation Map
Showing Nearest
Intersection

Intersection Lat/Long

Reference VOR Info

Nearest Intersection - Identifier/Type (symbol)
- VOR Frequency
- Bearing/Distance to VOR

Figure 5-40 Nearest Intersections Page

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NDBS
The NDB Information Page is used to view information about NDBs. In addition to displaying a map of
the currently selected NDB and surrounding area, the page displays NDB information in four boxes labeled
‘NDB’, ‘INFORMATION’, ‘FREQUENCY’, and ‘NEAREST AIRPORT’.

NDB Identifier/Type
- Facility Name
- Nearest City

NDB Information
Navigation Map - Type
Showing Selected - Region
NDB - Lat/Long

NDB Frequency

Selected NDB Nearest Airport Info

- Identifier/Type (symbol)
- Bearing/Distance to
Airport

Figure 5-41 NDB Information Page

NOTE: Compass locator (LOM, LMM): a low power, low or medium frequency radio beacon installed in
conjunction with the instrument landing system. When LOM is used, the locator is at the Outer Marker;
when LMM is used, the locator is at the Middle Marker.

Selecting an NDB:
1) With the NDB Information Page displayed, enter an identifier, the name of the NDB, or the city in which it’s
located in the NDB Box.
2) Press the ENT Key.
3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
Or:
1) With the Nearest NDB Page displayed, press the FMS Knob.
2) Press the ENT Key or turn either FMS Knob to select an identifier in the Nearest NDB Box.
3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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The Nearest NDB Page can be used to quickly find a NDB close to the flight path. In addition to displaying
a map of the surrounding area, the page displays information for up to 25 nearest NDBs in three boxes labeled
‘NEAREST NDB’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘FREQUENCY’.
A white arrow before the NDB identifier indicates the selected NDB. Up to sixteen NDBs are visible at a time.
If there are more than can be shown, each list can be scrolled. The list only includes waypoints that are within
200nm. If there are no NDBs in the list, text indicating that there are no nearest NDBs is displayed. If there are
no nearest NDBs in the list, the information and frequency fields are dashed.

NDB Identifier/Symbol
- Bearing/Distance to
NDB from aircraft
position
Navigation Map
Showing Selected
NDB

Nearest NDB

NDB Information
- Facility Name/City
- Type
- Lat/Long

NDB Frequency

Figure 5-42 Nearest NDB Page

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VORS
The VOR Information Page can be used to view information about VOR and ILS signals (since ILS signals
can be received on a NAV receiver), or to quickly auto-tune a VOR or ILS frequency. Localizer information
cannot be viewed on the VOR Information Page. If a VOR station is combined with a TACAN station it is
listed as a VORTAC on the VOR Information Page and if it includes only DME, it is displayed as VOR-DME.
In addition to displaying a map of the currently selected VOR and surrounding area, the VOR Information
Page displays VOR information in four boxes labeled ‘VOR’, ‘INFORMATION’, ‘FREQUENCY’, and ‘NEAREST
AIRPORT’.

VOR Identifier/Type
- Facility Name
- Nearest City

VOR Information
Navigation Map - Class/Magnetic Variation
Showing Selected - Region
VOR - Lat/Long

VOR Frequency

Selected VOR Nearest Airport Info

- Identifier/Type (symbol)
- Bearing/Distance to
Airport

Figure 5-43 VOR Information Page

The VOR classes used in the VOR information box are: LOW ALTITUDE, HIGH ALTITUDE, and
TERMINAL.
Selecting a VOR:
1) With the VOR Information Page displayed, enter an identifier, the name of the VOR, or the city in which it’s
located in the VOR Box.
2) Press the ENT Key.
3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
Or:
1) With the Nearest VOR Page displayed, press the FMS Knob or press the VOR Softkey.
2) Press the ENT Key or turn either FMS Knob to select an identifier in the Nearest VOR Box.
3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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Or:
1) With the Nearest VOR Page displayed, press the MENU Key.
2) Highlight ‘Select VOR Window’, and press the ENT Key.
3) Press the ENT Key or turn either FMS Knob to select an identifier in the Nearest VOR Box.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
The Nearest VOR Page can be used to quickly find a VOR station close to the aircraft. Also, a NAV frequency
from a selected VOR station can be loaded from the Nearest VOR Page. In addition to displaying a map of
the surrounding area, the Nearest VOR Page displays information for up to 25 nearest VOR stations in three
boxes labeled ‘NEAREST VOR’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘FREQUENCY’. The list only includes waypoints that
are within 200 nm.
A white arrow before the VOR identifier indicates the selected VOR. Up to sixteen VORs are visible at a
time. If there are more than can be shown, each list can be scrolled. If there are no VORs in the list, text
indicating that there are no nearest VORs is displayed. If there are no nearest VORs in the list, the information
is dashed.

VOR Identifier/Symbol
- Bearing/Distance to VOR
from aircraft position

Navigation Map
Showing Nearest
VOR

VOR Information
- Facility Name/City
- Class/Magnetic Variation
- Lat/Long

Nearest VOR VOR Frequency

Figure 5-44 Nearest VOR Page

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USER WAYPOINTS
The system can create and store up to 1,000 user-defined waypoints. User waypoints can be created from any
map page (except PFD Inset Map, AUX-Trip Planning Page, or Procedure Pages) by selecting a position on the
map using the Joystick, or from the User Waypoint Information Page by referencing a bearing/distance from
an existing waypoint, bearings from two existing waypoints, or entering a latitude/longitude. Once a waypoint
has been created, it can be renamed, deleted, or moved. Temporary user waypoints are erased upon system
power down.

User Waypoint Info

- Identifier
- Temporary/Normal
User Wpt Comment - Waypoint Type

Navigation Map Reference Wpt/Info

Showing Selected - Identifier/Rad/Dist or
User Waypoint - Identifiers/Radials or
- Region/Lat/Long

Selected User User Waypoint List

Waypoint - Identifier
- Comment

# User Wpts Used

Displayed if User Wpt

was created on map
Softkeys page
Figure 5-45 User Waypoint Information Page

Selecting a User Waypoint:

1) With the User Waypoint Information Page displayed, enter the name of the User Waypoint, or scroll to the
desired waypoint in the User Waypoint List using the large FMS Knob.
2) Press the ENT Key.
3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
Or:
1) With the Nearest User Waypoints Page displayed, press the FMS Knob.
2) Press the ENT Key or turn either FMS Knob to select an identifier in the Nearest USR Box.
3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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Nearest User Wpt List

- Identifier
- Bearing/Distance from
aircraft position
Navigation Map
Showing Selected
User Waypoint

Selected User User Waypoint Info

Waypoint - Comment
- Lat/Long

Reference Wpt Info

- Identifier
- Radial/Distance

Figure 5-46 Nearest User Waypoint Page

CREATING USER WAYPOINTS

User waypoints can be created from the User Waypoint Information Page in the following ways:
Creating user waypoints from the User Waypoint Information Page:
1) Press the NEW Softkey, or press the MENU Key and select ‘Create New User Waypoint’.
2) Enter a user waypoint name (up to six characters).
3) Press the ENT Key. The current aircraft position is the default location of the new waypoint.
4) If desired, define the type and location of the waypoint in one of the following ways:
Select “RAD/RAD” using the small FMS Knob, press the ENT Key, and enter the two reference waypoint
identifiers and radials into the REFERENCE WAYPOINTS window using the FMS Knobs.
Or:
Select “RAD/DIS” using the small FMS Knob, press the ENT Key, and enter the reference waypoint identifier,
the radial, and the distance into the REFERENCE WAYPOINTS window using the FMS Knobs.
Or:
Select “LAT/LON” using the small FMS Knob, press the ENT Key, and enter the latitude and longitude into the
INFORMATION window using the FMS Knobs.
5) Press the ENT Key to accept the new waypoint.

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6) If desired, change the storage method of the waypoint to “TEMPORARY” or “NORMAL” by moving the cursor
to “TEMPORARY” and selecting the ENT Key to check or uncheck the box.
7) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
Or:
1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
2) Enter a user waypoint name (up to six characters).
3) Press the ENT Key. The message ‘Are you sure you want to create the new User Waypoint AAAAAA?’ is
displayed.
4) With ‘YES’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
5) If desired, define the type and location of the waypoint in one of the following ways:
Select “RAD/RAD” using the small FMS Knob, press the ENT Key, and enter the two reference waypoint
identifiers and radials into the REFERENCE WAYPOINTS window using the FMS Knobs.
Or:
Select “RAD/DIS” using the small FMS Knob, press the ENT Key, and enter the reference waypoint identifier,
the radial, and the distance into the REFERENCE WAYPOINTS window using the FMS Knobs.
Or:
Select “LAT/LON” using the small FMS Knob, press the ENT Key, and enter the latitude and longitude into the
INFORMATION window using the FMS Knobs.
6) Press the ENT Key to accept the new waypoint.
7) If desired, change the storage method of the waypoint to “TEMPORARY” or “NORMAL” by moving the cursor
to “TEMPORARY” and selecting the ENT Key to check or uncheck the box.
8) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Figure 5-47 User Waypoint Information Page Menu

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Creating user waypoints from map pages:

1) Press the Joystick to activate the panning function and pan to the map location of the desired user waypoint.
2) Press the ENT Key. The User Waypoint Information Page is displayed with the captured position.

NOTE: If the pointer has highlighted a map database feature, one of three things happens upon pressing
the ENT Key: 1) information about the selected feature is displayed instead of initiating a new waypoint,
2) a menu pops up allowing a choice between ‘Review Airspaces’ or ‘Create User Waypoint’, or 3) a new
waypoint is initiated with the default name being the selected map item.
3) Enter a user waypoint name (up to six characters).
4) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected name.
5) If desired, define the type and location of the waypoint in one of the following ways:
Select “RAD/RAD” using the small FMS Knob, press the ENT Key, and enter the two reference waypoint
identifiers and radials into the REFERENCE WAYPOINTS window using the FMS Knobs.
Or:
Select “RAD/DIS” using the small FMS Knob, press the ENT Key, and enter the reference waypoint identifier,
the radial, and the distance into the REFERENCE WAYPOINTS window using the FMS Knobs.
Or:
Select “LAT/LON” using the small FMS Knob, press the ENT Key, and enter the latitude and longitude into the
INFORMATION window using the FMS Knobs.
6) Press the ENT Key to accept the new waypoint.
7) If desired, change the storage method of the waypoint to “TEMPORARY” or “NORMAL” by moving the cursor
to “TEMPORARY” and selecting the ENT Key to check or uncheck the box.
8) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
9) Press the GO BACK Softkey to return to the map page.

EDITING USER WAYPOINTS

Editing a user waypoint comment or location:
1) With the User Waypoint Information Page displayed, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
2) Select a user waypoint in the User Waypoint List, if required, and press the ENT Key.
3) Move the cursor to the desired field.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to make any changes.
5) Press the ENT Key to accept the changes.
6) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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Renaming user waypoints:

1) Highlight a user waypoint in the User Waypoint List. Select the RENAME Softkey, or press the MENU Key and
select ‘Rename User Waypoint’.
2) Enter a new name.
3) Press the ENT Key. The message ‘Do you want to rename the user waypoint AAAAAA to BBBBBB?’ is
displayed.
4) With ‘YES’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Changing the location of an existing waypoint to the aircraft present position:

1) Enter a waypoint name or select the waypoint in the User Waypoint List, then press the ENT Key.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) Select ‘Use Present Position’.
4) Press the ENT Key twice. The new waypoint’s location is saved.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
A system generated comment for a user waypoint incorporates the reference waypoint identifier, bearing,
and distance. If a system generated comment has been edited, a new comment can be generated.
Resetting the comment field to the system generated comment:
1) Enter a waypoint name or select the waypoint in the User Waypoint List, then press the ENT Key.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) Select ‘Auto Comment’.
4) Press the ENT Key. The generated comment is based on the reference point used to define the waypoint.
The default type of user waypoint (normal or temporary) can be changed using the user waypoint information
page menu. Temporary user waypoints are automatically deleted upon the next power cycle.
Changing the user waypoint storage duration default setting:
1) With the User Waypoint Information Page displayed, press the MENU Key.
2) Move the cursor to select ‘Waypoint Setup’, and press the ENT Key.
3) Select ‘NORMAL’ or ‘TEMPORARY’ as desired, and press the ENT Key.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor and return to the User Waypoint Information Page.

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DELETING USER WAYPOINTS

Deleting a single user waypoint:
1) Highlight a User Waypoint in the User Waypoint List, or enter a waypoint in the User Waypoint field.
2) Press the DELETE Softkey or press the CLR Key. ‘Yes’ is highlighted in the confirmation window.
3) Press the ENT Key.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
Or:
1) Highlight a User Waypoint in the User Waypoint List, or enter a waypoint in the User Waypoint field.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) Select ‘Delete User Waypoint’.
4) Press the ENT Key twice to confirm the selection.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

NOTE: The option to ‘Delete All User Waypoints’ is not available while the aircraft is in flight.

Deleting all user waypoints:

1) Highlight a User Waypoint in the User Waypoint List.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) Select ‘Delete All User Waypoints’.
4) Press the ENT Key twice to confirm the selection.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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5.4 AIRSPACES
The system can display the following types of airspaces: Class B/TMA, Class C/TCA, Class D, Restricted, MOA
(Military), Other Airspace, Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ), and Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR).

MOA (Military) Class D Airspace

Class B Airspace

Restricted Area

Class C Airspace Alert Area

ADIZ

Warning Area

Figure 5-48 Airspaces

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The Nearest Airspaces Page, Airspace Alerts Window, and Airspace Alerts on the PFD provide additional
information about airspaces and the location of the aircraft in relationship to them.
The Airspace Alerts Box allows the pilot to turn the controlled/special-use airspace message alerts on or off.
This does not affect the alerts listed on the Nearest Airspaces Page or the airspace boundaries depicted on the
Navigation Map Page. It simply turns on/off the warning provided when the aircraft is approaching or near an
airspace.
An altitude buffer is also provided which “expands” the vertical range above or below an airspace. For example,
if the buffer is set at 500 feet, and the aircraft is more than 500 feet above/below an airspace, an alert message is
not generated, but if the aircraft is less than 500 feet above/below an airspace and projected to enter it, the pilot
is notified with an alert message. The default setting for the altitude buffer is 200 feet.
Changing the altitude buffer distance setting:
1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the altitude buffer field in the Airspace Alerts Box.
4) Use the FMS Knob to enter an altitude buffer value and press the ENT Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Turning an airspace alert on or off:

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired field in the Airspace Alerts Box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to turn the airspace alert ON or counterclockwise to turn the alert OFF.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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Airspace Alerts Box

- Airspace Altitude Buffer
- Alert On/Off
(Default Settings Shown)

DFLTS Softkey
Figure 5-49 System Setup Page - Airspace Alerts

Map ranges for the airspace boundaries are selected from the Aviation Group in the Map Setup Menu. See Table
5-2 for the default and maximum ranges for each type of airspace and the symbol used to define the airspace
area.
The Nearest Airspaces Page can be used to quickly find airspaces close to the flight path. In addition, a selected
frequency associated with the airspace can be loaded from the Nearest Airspaces Page. In addition to displaying
a map of airspace boundaries and surrounding area, the Nearest Airspaces Page displays airspace information in
four boxes labeled ‘AIRSPACE ALERTS’, ‘AIRSPACE, AGENCY’, ‘VERTICAL LIMITS’, and ‘FREQUENCIES’.

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Airspace Alerts Info

- Name
- Proximity (Ahead, Inside,
Ahead < 2nm,
Within 2nm)
- Time till Intercept (only if
Ahead or Ahead < 2nm)

Airspace/Agency Info
- Airspace Type
- Controlling Agency

Airspace 1 Airspace Vertical Limits

- Ceiling
- Floor

Associated Frequencies
- Type
- Availability/Info
- Frequency

Softkeys
Figure 5-50 Nearest Airspaces Page

Airspace alerts and associated frequencies are shown in scrollable lists on the Nearest Airspaces Page. The
ALERTS and FREQ softkeys place the cursor in the respective list. The FREQ Softkey is enabled only if one or
more frequencies exist for a selected airspace.
Selecting and viewing an airspace alert with its associated information:
1) Select the Nearest Airspaces Page.
2) Select the ALERTS Softkey; or press the FMS Knob; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Select Alerts Window’,
and press the ENT Key. The cursor is placed in the ‘AIRSPACE ALERTS’ Box.
3) Select the desired airspace.

4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Pressing the PFD MSG Softkey displays the message window on the PFD. The following airspace alerts are
displayed in the message window:
Message Comments
INSIDE ARSPC – Inside airspace. The aircraft is inside the airspace.
ARSPC AHEAD – Airspace ahead – Special use airspace is ahead of aircraft. The aircraft penetrates the airspace within 10
less than 10 minutes. minutes.
ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near and
Special use airspace is near and ahead of the aircraft position.
ahead.
ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near –
Special use airspace is within 2 nm of the aircraft position.
less than 2 nm.
Table 5-6 PFD Airspace Alert Messages

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The Smart Airspace function de-emphasizes airspaces above or below the current aircraft altitude. The function
does not require the aircraft present position or flight path to enter the lateral boundaries of the airspace. If the
current aircraft altitude is within 1100 feet of the vertical boundaries of the airspace, the airspace boundary is
shown normally. If the current aircraft altitude is not within 1100 feet of the vertical boundaries of the airspace,
the airspace boundary is shown subdued.

Smart Airspace Off Smart Airspace On

Figure 5-51 Smart Airspace

Turning smart airspace on or off:

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key, and press the ENT Key. The cursor is placed in the ‘GROUP’ Box.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight the ‘Aviation’ in the ‘GROUP’ Box and press the ENT Key.
4) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the ‘SMART AIRSPACE’ field in the Aviation Map Setup Window.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to turn smart airspace ON or counterclockwise to turn smart airspace OFF.
6) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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5.5 DIRECT-TO-NAVIGATION
The Direct-to method of navigation, initiated by pressing the Direct-to Key on either the MFD or PFD, is
quicker to use than a flight plan when the desire is to navigate to a single point such as a nearby airport.
Once a direct-to is activated, the system establishes a point-to-point course line from the present position to the
selected direct-to destination. Course guidance is provided until the direct-to is replaced with a new direct-to or
flight plan, or cancelled.
A vertical navigation (VNV) direct-to creates a descent path (and provides guidance to stay on the path) from
the current altitude to a selected altitude at the direct-to waypoint. Vertical navigation is based on barometric
altitudes, not on GPS altitude, and is used for cruise and descent phases of flight.
The Direct-to Window allows selection and activation of direct-to navigation. The Direct-to Window displays
selected direct-to waypoint data on the PFD and the MFD.

Direct-to Point Info

- Identifier/Symbol/Region
- Facility Name
- City
VNV Constraints
- Altitude at Arrival
- Along Track Offset Map of Selected Point

Location of Destination
- Bearing/Distance
Desired Course

Figure 5-52 Direct-to Window - MFD

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Direct-to Point Info

- Identifier/Symbol/City
- Facility Name
VNV Constraints
- Altitude at Arrival
- Along Track Offset
Direct-to Point Info
- Bearing/Distance
- Desired Course

Activation Command

Figure 5-53 Direct-to Window - PFD

Any waypoint can be entered as a direct-to destination from the Direct-to Window.
Entering a waypoint identifier, facility name, or city as a direct-to destination:
1) Press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed (with the active flight plan waypoint as the default
selection or a blank waypoint field if no flight plan is active).
2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to begin entering a waypoint identifier (turning it counter-clockwise brings
up the waypoint selection submenu - press the CLR Key to remove it), or turn the large FMS Knob to select the
facility name, or city field and turn the small FMS Knob to begin entering a facility name or city. If duplicate
entries exist for the entered facility or city name, additional entries can be viewed by turning the small FMS
Knob during the selection process.
3) Press the ENT Key. The ‘Activate?’ field is highlighted.
4) Press the ENT Key to activate the direct-to.
Any waypoint contained in the active flight plan can be selected as a direct-to waypoint from the Direct-to
Window, the Active Flight Plan Page, or the Active Flight Plan Window.
Waypoint Submenu
- Flight Plan Waypoints
- Nearest Airports
- Recent Waypoints
- User Waypoints
- Airway Waypoints
(only available when
active leg is part of an
airway)

Figure 5-54 Waypoint Submenu

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Selecting an active flight plan waypoint as a direct-to destination:

1) While navigating an active flight plan, press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed with the
active flight plan waypoint as the default selection.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob counter-clockwise to display a list of flight plan waypoints (the FPL list is populated
only when navigating a flight plan).
3) Select the desired waypoint.
4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’.
5) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to.
Or:
1) Select the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD, or the Active Flight Plan Window on the PFD.
2) Select the desired waypoint.
3) Press the Direct-to Key.
4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’.
5) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to.
Any NRST, RECENT, USER, or AIRWAY waypoint can be selected as a direct-to destination in the Direct-to
Window.
Selecting a NRST, RECENT, USER, or AIRWAY waypoint as a direct-to destination:
1) Press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed (with the active flight plan destination as the
default selection or a blank destination if no flight plan is active).
2) Turn the small FMS Knob counter-clockwise to display a list of flight plan waypoints (the FPL list is populated
only when navigating a flight plan).
3) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to display the NRST, RECENT, USER, or AIRWAY waypoints.
4) Turn the large FMS Knob clockwise to select the desired waypoint.
5) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’.
6) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to.
The Direct-to Window can be displayed from any page and allows selection and activation of direct-to navigation.
If the direct-to is initiated from any page except the WPT pages, the default waypoint is the active flight plan
waypoint (if a flight plan is active) or a blank waypoint field. Direct-to requests on any WPT page defaults to the
displayed waypoint.
Selecting any waypoint as a direct-to destination:
1) Select the page or window containing the desired waypoint type and select the desired waypoint.
2) Press the Direct-to Key to display the Direct-to Window with the selected waypoint as the direct-to destination.
3) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’.
4) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to.

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Selecting a nearby airport as a direct-to destination:

1) Press the NRST Softkey on the PFD; or turn the FMS Knob to display the Nearest Airports Page and press the
FMS Knob.
2) Select the desired airport (the nearest one is already selected).
3) Press the Direct-to Key.
4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’.
5) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to.
Direct-to destinations may also be selected by using the pointer on the navigation map pages. If no airport,
NAVAID, or user waypoint exists at the desired location, a temporary waypoint named ‘MAPWPT’ is automatically
created at the location of the map arrow.
Selecting a waypoint as a direct-to destination using the pointer:
1) From a navigation map page, press the Joystick to display the pointer.
2) Move the Joystick to place the pointer at the desired destination location.
3) If the pointer is placed on an existing airport, NAVAID, or user waypoint, the waypoint name is highlighted.
4) Press the Direct-to Key to display the Direct-to Window with the selected point entered as the direct-to
destination.
5) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’.
6) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to.

Cancelling a Direct-to:
1) Press the Direct-to Key to display the Direct-to Window.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Cancel Direct-To NAV’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. If a flight plan is still active, the system resumes
navigating the flight plan along the closest leg.

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Page Menu
- Cancel Direct-To
Navigation

Figure 5-55 Direct-to Window - Cancelling Direct-to Navigation

When navigating a direct-to, the system sets a direct great circle course to the selected destination. The course
to a destination can also be manually selected using the course field (‘COURSE’) on the Direct-to Window.
Selecting a manual direct-to course:
1) Press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed with the destination field highlighted.
2) Highlight the course field.
3) Enter the desired course.
4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’.
5) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to.

Reselecting the direct course from the current position:

1) Press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed with the destination field highlighted.
2) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’.
3) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to.
A direct-to with altitude constraints creates a descent path (and provides guidance to stay on the path) from
the aircraft’s current altitude to the altitude of the direct-to waypoint. The altitude is reached at the waypoint,
or at the specified distance along the flight path if an offset distance has been entered. All VNV altitudes prior
to the direct-to destination are removed from the active flight plan upon successful activation of the direct-to.
All VNV altitudes following the direct-to waypoint are retained. See the section on Vertical Navigation for more
information regarding the use and purpose of VNV altitudes and offset distances.

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Entering a VNV altitude and along-track offset for the waypoint:

1) Press the Direct-to Key to display the Direct-to Window.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor over the ‘VNV’ altitude field.
3) Enter the desired altitude.
4) Press the ENT Key. The option to select MSL or AGL is now displayed.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘MSL’ or ‘AGL’.
6) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now flashing in the VNV offset distance field.
7) Enter the desired along-track distance before the waypoint.
8) Press the ENT Key. The ‘Activate?’ field is highlighted.
9) Press the ENT Key to activate.

Removing a VNV altitude constraint:

1) Press the Direct-to Key to display the Direct-to Window.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Clear Vertical Constraints’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.

Page Menu
- Clear Vertical Navigation
Constraints

Figure 5-56 Direct-to Window - Clearing Vertical Constraints

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5.6 FLIGHT PLANNING

Flight planning consists of building a flight plan by entering waypoints one at a time, adding waypoints along
airways, and inserting departures, airways, arrivals, or approaches as needed. The system allows flight planning
information to be entered from either the MFD or PFD. The flight plan is displayed on maps using different
line widths, colors, and types, based on the type of leg and the segment of the flight plan currently being flown
(departure, enroute, arrival, approach, or missed approach).
Flight Plan Leg Type Symbol
Active non-heading Leg (TOPO On)
Active non-heading Leg (TOPO Off)

Active heading Leg (TOPO On)

Active heading Leg (TOPO Off)

Non-heading Leg in the current flight segment (TOPO On)

Non-heading Leg in the current flight segment (TOPO Off)

Heading Leg not in the current flight segment (TOPO On)

Heading Leg not in the current flight segment (TOPO Off)

Non-heading Leg not in the current flight segment (TOPO On)

Non-heading Leg not in the current flight segment (TOPO Off)

Turn Anticipation Arc (TOPO On/TOPO Off)

Table 5-7 Flight Plan Leg Symbols

Up to 99 flight plans with up to 100 waypoints each can be created and stored in memory. One flight plan can
be activated at a time and becomes the active flight plan. The active flight plan is erased when the system is turned
off and overwritten when another flight plan is activated. When storing flight plans with an approach, departure,
or arrival, the system uses the waypoint information from the current database to define the waypoints. If the
database is changed or updated, the system automatically updates the information if the procedure has not been
modified. If an approach, departure, or arrival procedure is no longer available, the procedure is deleted from the
affected stored flight plan(s), and an alert is displayed (see Miscellaneous Messages in Appendix A) advising that
one or more stored flight plans need to be edited.
Whenever an approach, departure, or arrival procedure is loaded into the active flight plan, a set of approach,
departure, or arrival waypoints is inserted into the flight plan along with a header line describing the instrument
procedure the pilot selected. The original enroute portion of the flight plan remains active (unless an instrument
procedure is activated) when the procedure is loaded.

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When the database is updated, the airways need to be reloaded also. Each airway segment is reloaded from
the database given the entry waypoint, the airway identifier and the exit waypoint. This reloads the sequence of
waypoints between the entry and exit waypoints (the sequence may change when the database is updated). The
update of an airway can fail during this process. If that happens, the airway waypoints are changed to regular
(non-airway) flight plan waypoints, and an alert is displayed (see Miscellaneous Messages in Appendix A).
The following could cause the airway update to fail:
• Airway identifier, entry waypoint or exit waypoint not found in the new database.
• Airway entry/exit waypoint is not an acceptable waypoint for the airway – either the waypoint is no longer on
the airway, or there is a new directional restriction that prevents it being used.
• Loading the new airway sequence would exceed the capacity of the flight plan.

FLIGHT PLAN CREATION

There are three methods to create or modify a flight plan:
• Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD (create/modify the active flight plan)
• Active Flight Plan Window on the PFD (create/modify the active flight plan)
• Flight Plan Catalog Page on the MFD (create/modify a stored flight plan)

Active FPL Waypoint List

- Comment
- Procedure Header
- Waypoint Identifier
- Airway Identifier
- Desired Track to Waypoint
- Distance to Waypoint
- Waypoint Altitude
Constraint
Active Flight
Plan Leg

Vertical Navigation Profile

Turn Anticipation - Active Vertical WPT Alt/ID
Arc - Vertical Speed Target
- Flight Path Angle
Non-Active, - Vertical Speed Target
Flight Plan Leg - Time to Top of Descent
- Vertical Deviation

Figure 5-57 Active Flight Plan Page

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Active Flight Plan Comment

Active Flight
Plan Leg
Active Flight Plan Waypoint List
- Waypoint ID
- Desired Track to Waypoint
- Distance to Waypoint
- Airway Identifier

Figure 5-58 Active Flight Plan Window on PFD

Catalog Contents
- # Used
- # Empty

Flight Plan List

- Comment

Selected Flight
Plan Map

Selected FPL Info

- Departure Waypoint
- Destination Waypoint
- Total Flight Plan Distance
- Enroute Safe Altitude

Softkeys
Figure 5-59 Flight Plan Catalog Page

The active flight plan is listed on the active Flight Plan Page on the MFD, and in the Active Flight Plan
Window on the PFD. It is the flight plan to which the system is currently providing guidance, and is shown
on the navigation maps. Stored flight plans are listed on the Flight Plan Catalog Page, and are available for
activation (becomes the active flight plan).

NOTE: The system supports AFCS lateral guidance for all leg types (using NAV or FMS APPR mode). The
system does not support course deviation for any heading leg types (VA, VD, VI, VM, or VR).

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Creating an active flight plan:

1) Press the FPL Key.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (only on MFD).
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. (Turning it clockwise displays a blank
Waypoint Information Window, turning it counter-clockwise displays the Waypoint Information Window
with a waypoint selection submenu allowing selection of active flight plan, nearest, recent, user, or airway
waypoints).
4) Enter the identifier, facility, or city name of the departure waypoint or select a waypoint from the submenu of
waypoints and press the ENT Key. The active flight plan is modified as each waypoint is entered.
5) Repeat step numbers 3 and 4 to enter each additional flight plan waypoint.
6) When all waypoints have been entered, press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.

Creating a stored flight plan:

1) Press the FPL Key.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
3) Select the NEW Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Create New Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key to
display a blank flight plan for the first empty storage location.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. (Turning it clockwise displays a blank
Waypoint Information Window, turning it counter-clockwise displays the Waypoint Information Window
with a waypoint selection submenu allowing selection of active flight plan, nearest, recent, user, or airway
waypoints).
5) Enter the identifier, facility, or city name of the departure waypoint or select a waypoint from the submenu of
waypoints and press the ENT Key.
6) Repeat step numbers 4 and 5 to enter each additional flight plan waypoint.
7) When all waypoints have been entered, press the FMS Knob to return to the Flight Plan Catalog Page. The new
flight plan is now in the list.

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Flight plans can be imported from an SD Card or exported to an SD Card from the Stored Flight Plan Page.
Importing a Flight Plan from an SD Card
1) Insert the SD card containing the flight plan in the top card slot on the MFD.
2) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
4) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
5) Turn either FMS Knob to highlight an empty or existing flight plan.
6) Press the IMPORT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select “Import Flight Plan”, and press the ENT Key.
If an empty slot is selected, a list of the available flight plans on the SD card will be displayed.

Or:
If an existing flight plan is selected, an “Overwrite existing flight plan? OK or CANCEL” prompt is displayed.

Press the ENT Key to choose to overwrite the selected flight plan and see the list of available flight plans on the
SD card. If overwriting the existing flight plan is not desired, select “CANCEL” using the FMS Knob, press the
ENT Key, select another flight plan slot, and press the IMPORT Softkey again.
7) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan for importing.
8) Press the ENT Key to initiate the import.
9) Press the ENT Key again to confirm the import.

Import/Export Softkeys List of Flight Plans to Import & Import Successful

Details for the Selected File
Figure 5-60 Flight Plan Import

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NOTE: If the imported flight plan contains a waypoint with a name that duplicates the name of a waypoint
already stored on the system, the system compares the coordinates of the imported waypoint with those of
the existing waypoint. If the coordinates are different, the imported waypoint is automatically renamed by
adding characters to the end of the name.

Exporting a Flight Plan to an SD Card

1) Insert the SD card into the top card slot on the MFD.
2) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
4) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be exported.
6) Press the EXPORT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select “Export Flight Plan”.
7) If desired, change the name for the exported file by turning the large FMS Knob to the left to highlight the
name, then use the small and large FMS knobs to enter the new name, and press the ENT Key.
8) Press the ENT Key to initiate the export.
9) Press the ENT Key to confirm the export.

NOTE: The exported flight plan will not contain any procedures or airways.

Import/Export Softkeys Stored Flight Plan to be Exported & Export Successful

Exported Flight Plan Name
Figure 5-61 Flight Plan Export

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ADDING WAYPOINTS TO AN EXISTING FLIGHT PLAN

Waypoints can be added to the active flight plan or any stored flight plan. Choose the flight plan, select the
desired point of insertion, enter the waypoint, and it is added in front of the selected waypoint. Flight plans are
limited to 100 waypoints (including waypoints within airways and procedures). If the number of waypoints in
the flight plan exceeds 100, the message “Flight plan is full. Remove unnecessary waypoints.” appears and the
new waypoint(s) are not added to the flight plan.

Stored Flight Plan Selected

- Memory Slot
- Comment
- Procedure Identifier
- Waypoint Identifier
- Airway Identifier
- Desired Track to Waypoint
- Distance to Waypoint
- Waypoint Altitude
Constraint

Softkeys
Figure 5-62 Stored Flight Plan Page

Flight Plan Full Message

Figure 5-63 Active Flight Plan Page - FPL Full

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Adding a waypoint to a stored flight plan:

1) On the Flight Plan Catalog Page, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
2) Highlight the desired flight plan.
3) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the ENT Key, turn the large FMS Knob clockwise to select “EDIT” and press
the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed.
4) Select the point in the flight plan to add the new waypoint. The new waypoint is placed directly in front of the
highlighted waypoint.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. (Turning it clockwise displays a blank
Waypoint Information Window, turning it counter-clockwise displays the Waypoint Information Window
with a waypoint selection submenu allowing selection of active flight plan, nearest, recent, user, or airway
waypoints).
6) Enter the identifier, facility, or city name of the waypoint; or select a waypoint from the submenu of waypoints
and press the ENT Key. The new waypoint now exists in the flight plan.

NOTE: If the identifier entered in the Waypoint Information Window has duplicates, a Duplicate Waypoint
Window is displayed. Use the FMS Knob to select the correct waypoint.

Figure 5-64 Duplicate Waypoints Window

Adding a waypoint to the active flight plan:

1) Press the FPL Key.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD).
3) Select the point in the flight plan before which to add the new waypoint. The new waypoint is placed directly
in front of the highlighted waypoint.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. (Turning it clockwise displays a blank
Waypoint Information Window, turning it counter-clockwise displays the Waypoint Information Window with a
waypoint selection submenu allowing selection of active flight plan, nearest, recent, user, or airway waypoints).
5) Enter the identifier, facility, or city name of the waypoint or select a waypoint from the submenu of waypoints
and press the ENT Key. The active flight plan is modified as each waypoint is entered.

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Creating and adding user waypoints to the active flight plan:

1) Press the Joystick to activate the panning function on the Active Flight Plan Page and pan to the map location
of the desired user waypoint.
2) Select the LD WPT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Load Waypoint’, and press the ENT Key. The user
waypoint is created with a name of USRxxx (using the next available in sequence) and is added to the end of
the active flight plan.

ADDING AIRWAYS TO A FLIGHT PLAN

Airways can be added to the active flight plan or any stored flight plan. Choose a flight plan (add the desired
airway entry point if not already in the flight plan), select the waypoint after the desired airway entry point,
select the airway, and it is added in front of the selected waypoint. An airway can only be loaded if there is a
waypoint in the flight plan that is part of the desired airway and is not part of an arrival or approach procedure.
The system also anticipates the desired airway and exit point based on loaded flight plan waypoints.

Airway Entry Waypoint

Selected Airway

Airways Available at TOP

Airway Waypoint
Sequence
Preview of
Selected Airway

Figure 5-65 Select Airway Page - Selecting Airway

Adding an airway to a flight plan:

1) Press the FPL Key.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD).
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the waypoint after the desired airway entry point. If this waypoint is not
a valid airway entry point, a valid entry point should be entered at this time.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob one click clockwise and select the LD AIRWY Softkey, or press the MENU Key and
select “Load Airway”. The Select Airway Page is displayed. The LD AIRWY Softkey or the “Load Airway” menu
item is available only when a valid airway entry waypoint has been chosen (the waypoint ahead of the cursor
position).

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5) Turn the FMS Knob to select the desired airway from the list, and press the ENT Key. Low altitude airways are
shown first in the list, followed by “all” altitude airways, and then high altitude airways.
6) Turn the FMS Knob to select the desired airway exit point from the list, and press the ENT Key. ‘LOAD?’ is
highlighted.
7) Press the ENT Key. The system returns to editing the flight plan with the new airway inserted.

Airway Entry Waypoint

Selected Airway
Selected Exit Point

Preview of
Selected Airway

Selected Airway
Exit Point Airway Exit Points
Available

Figure 5-66 Select Airway Page - Selecting Exit Point

Inserted Airway Header

- Airway Identifier: [airway
identifier].[exit waypoint identifier]
(e.g., V4.SLN)

Figure 5-67 Active Flight Plan Page - Airway Inserted

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RESTRICTIONS ON ADDING AIRWAYS

Some airways have directional restrictions on all or part of the route. Airway “A2” in Europe has a directional
restriction over the whole route such that it can be flown only in the direction MTD-ABB-BNE-DEVAL.
Airway “UR975” in North Africa has more complicated directional restrictions within the list of airway
waypoints AMANO, VAKOR, LIBRO, NELDA, DIRKA, GZO, KOSET, and SARKI:
• Starting from AMANO, the airway can be flown only to LIBRO.
• Starting from SARKI, the airway can be flown only to LIBRO.
• Between NELDA and GZO, the airway can be flown in either direction.
In the US, airways that are “one-way” for specified hours of operation are not uncommon. These airways
are always bidirectional in the database.
The system only allows correct airway sequences to be inserted. If the pilot subsequently inverts the flight
plan, the system inverts the airway waypoint sequence and removes the airway header.

ADDING PROCEDURES TO A STORED FLIGHT PLAN

The system allows the pilot to insert pre-defined instrument procedures from the navigation database into a
flight plan. The procedures are designed to facilitate routing of traffic leaving an airport (departure), arriving at
an airport (arrival), and landing at an airport (approach). See the procedures section for more details.

Flight Plan Name

Flight Plan
Waypoint List

Softkeys
Load Departure -
Load Arrival -
Load Approach -
Activate Flight Plan

Figure 5-68 Stored Flight Plan Page

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DEPARTURE (DP)
A Departure Procedure (DP) is loaded at the departure airport in the flight plan. Only one departure can
be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of a departure, the transition waypoints,
and a runway.

Departure Airport

Selected
Departure
Departures Available at
KMKC

Preview of Departure Waypoint

Selected Sequence
Departure

Figure 5-69 Departure Loading Page - Selecting the Departure

Loading a departure procedure into a stored flight plan:

1) Select a stored flight plan from the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
2) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key. The Stored
Flight Plan Page is displayed.
3) Select the LD DP Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select “Load Departure”, and press the ENT Key. The
Departure Loading Page is displayed.
4) Select a departure. Press the ENT Key.
5) Select a runway served by the selected departure, if required. Press the ENT Key.
6) Select a transition for the selected departure. Press the ENT Key.
7) Press the ENT Key to load the selected departure procedure.

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Departure Airport

Selected
Departure
Selected Runway
Selected
Departure End Selected Transition
Point Departure Transition
Points Available
Preview of
Selected
Departure

Figure 5-70 Departure Loading Page - Selecting Transition

Inserted Departure Header

- Departure Identifier: [departure
airport]-[departure runway].
[departure transition].
[departure end point]
(e.g., KMKC-ALL.TIFTO2.TIFTO)

Figure 5-71 Stored Flight Plan Page - Departure Inserted

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ARRIVAL (STAR)
A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) is loaded at the destination airport in the flight plan. Only one arrival
can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of an arrival, the transition waypoints,
and a runway.

Destination Airport

Selected Arrival
Arrivals Available at
KCOS

Selected Runway

Arrival Waypoint
Sequence

Preview of
Selected Arrival

Figure 5-72 Arrival Loading Page - Selecting the Arrival

Loading an arrival procedure into a stored flight plan:

1) Select a stored flight plan from the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
2) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key. The Stored
Flight Plan Page is displayed.
3) Select the LD STAR Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select “Load Arrival”, and press the ENT Key. The Arrival
Loading Page is displayed.
4) Select an arrival. Press the ENT Key.
5) Select a transition for the selected arrival. Press the ENT Key.
6) Select a runway served by the selected arrival, if required. Press the ENT Key.
7) Press the ENT Key to load the selected arrival procedure.

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Destination Airport

Selected Arrival
Selected Transition
Transitions Available
with DBRY1
Arrival Waypoint
Sequence
Preview of
Selected Arrival

Figure 5-73 Arrival Loading Page - Selecting the Transition

Inserted Arrival Header

- Arrival Identifier:
[arrival airport]-[arrival transition].
[arrival].[arrival runway]
(e.g., KCOS-TBE.DBRY1.ALL)

Figure 5-74 Stored Flight Plan Page - Arrival Inserted

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APPROACH (APPR)
An Approach Procedure (APPR) can be loaded at any airport that has an approach available. Only one
approach can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route for a selected approach is defined by designating
transition waypoints.

Destination Airport

Selected
Approach Approaches Available
at KCOS

Preview of
Selected
Approach Approach Waypoint
Sequence

Figure 5-75 Approach Loading Page - Selecting the Approach

Loading an approach procedure into a stored flight plan:

1) Select a stored flight plan from the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
2) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key. The Stored
Flight Plan Page is displayed.
3) Select the LD APR Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select “Load Approach”, and press the ENT Key. The
Approach Loading Page is displayed.
4) Select the airport and approach:
a) Use the FMS Knob to select an airport and press the ENT Key.
b) Select an approach from the list and press the ENT Key.
Or:
a) If necessary, push the FMS Knob to exit the approach list, and use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor
to the APPROACH CHANNEL field.
b) Use the FMS Knob to enter the approach channel number, and press the ENT Key to accept the approach
channel number. The airport and approach are selected.

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5) Select a transition for the selected approach. Press the ENT Key.
6) Press the ENT Key to load the selected approach procedure.

Destination Airport

Selected
Approach
Selected Transition
Transitions Available
with Selected Approach
Barometric Minimum

Preview of Approach Waypoint

Selected Sequence
Approach

Load Approach?

Figure 5-76 Approach Loading Page - Selecting the Transition

Inserted Approach Header

- Approach Identifier: [approach
airport].[runway and approach type]

Figure 5-77 Stored Flight Plan Page - Approach Inserted

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FLIGHT PLAN STORAGE

The system can store up to 99 flight plans, numbered 1 through 99. The active flight plan is erased when
the system is powered off or when another flight plan is activated. Details about each stored flight plan can be
viewed on the Flight Plan Catalog Page and on the Stored Flight Plan Page.
Viewing information about a stored flight plan:
1) Press the FPL Key on the MFD to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan.
4) The Flight Plan Information is displayed showing departure, destination, total distance, and enroute safe altitude
information for the selected Flight Plan.
5) Select the EDIT Softkey to open the Stored Flight Plan Page and view the waypoints in the flight plan.
6) Press the FMS Knob to exit the Stored Flight Plan Page.

Flight Plan Name

(Comment)
Selected Flight Plan

Preview of Selected
Flight Plan

Stored Flight Plan Info

- Departure Airport
- Destination Airport
- Total Flight Plan Distance
- Enroute Safe Altitude
Stored FPL Editing
Softkeys
Figure 5-78 Stored Flight Plan Information

Storing an active flight plan from the Active Flight Plan Page or the Active Flight Plan Window:
1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Highlight ‘Store Flight Plan’.
3) Press the ENT Key.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. The flight plan is stored in the next available position in the flight
plan list on the Flight Plan Catalog Page.

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ACTIVATE A FLIGHT PLAN

Activating a stored flight plan erases the active flight plan and replaces it with the flight plan being activated.
Inverting a stored flight plan reverses the waypoint order, erases the active flight plan, and replaces it with the
flight plan being activated (the stored flight plan is not changed).
Activating a stored flight plan on the MFD:
1) Press the FPL Key and turn the small FMS Knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan.
3) Select the ACTIVE Softkey; or press the ENT Key twice; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Activate Flight Plan’,
and press the ENT Key. The ‘Activate Stored Flight Plan?’ window is displayed.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and
press the ENT Key.
Inverting and activating a stored flight plan on the MFD:
1) Press the FPL Key and turn the small FMS Knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan.
3) Select the INVERT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Invert & Activate FPL?’, and press the ENT Key.
The ‘Invert and activate stored flight plan?’ window is displayed.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and
press the ENT Key.

COPY A FLIGHT PLAN

The system allows copying a flight plan into a new flight plan memory slot, allowing editing, etc., without
affecting the original flight plan. This can be used to duplicate an existing stored flight plan for use in creating
a modified version of the original stored flight plan.
Copying a stored flight plan on the MFD:
1) Press the FPL Key and turn the small FMS Knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan.
3) Select the COPY Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Copy Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key. The
‘Copy to Flight Plan XX?’ window is displayed.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to copy the flight plan. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or
highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key.

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DELETE A STORED FLIGHT PLAN

Individual or all stored flight plans can be deleted from memory.
Deleting a stored flight plan:
1) Press the FPL Key and turn the small FMS Knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan.
3) Select the DELETE Softkey; press the CLR Key; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Delete Flight Plan’, and press
the ENT Key. The ‘Delete Flight Plan XX?’ window is displayed.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to delete the flight plan. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or
highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key.

NOTE: The option to delete all stored flight plans is not available while the aircraft is in flight.

Deleting all stored flight plans:

1) Press the FPL Key and turn the small FMS Knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) Highlight ‘Delete All’ and press the ENT Key. A ‘Delete all flight plans?’ confirmation window is displayed.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to delete all flight plans. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or
highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key.

FLIGHT PLAN EDITING

The active flight plan or any stored flight plan can be edited. The edits made to the active flight plan affect
navigation as soon as they are entered.

DELETING THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN

The system allows deleting an active flight plan. Deleting the active flight plan suspends navigation by the
system.
Deleting the active flight plan:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Delete Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key. The ‘Delete all waypoints in flight
plan?’ window is displayed.
3) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to delete the active flight plan. To cancel the request, press the CLR
Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key.

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DELETING FLIGHT PLAN ITEMS

Individual waypoints, entire airways, and entire procedures can be deleted from a flight plan. Some waypoints
in the final approach segment (such as the FAF or MAP) can not be deleted individually. Attempting to delete
a waypoint that is not allowed results in a window displaying ‘Invalid flight plan modification.’
Deleting an individual waypoint from the active flight plan:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD) and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight
the waypoint to be deleted.
3) Press the CLR Key. The ‘Remove XXXXX?’ window is displayed.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and
press the ENT Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Deleting an entire airway from the active flight plan:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD) and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight
the white header of the airway to be deleted.
3) Press the CLR Key. The ‘Remove <airway name>?’ window is displayed.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and
press the ENT Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Deleting an entire procedure from the active flight plan:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD) and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight
the white header of the procedure to be deleted.
3) Press the CLR Key. The ‘Remove <procedure name> from flight plan?’ window is displayed.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and
press the ENT Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
Or:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu and turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Remove <procedure>’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The ‘Remove <procedure name> from flight plan?’ window is displayed.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and
press the ENT Key.

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Deleting an individual waypoint from a stored flight plan:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited.
4) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key. The Stored
Flight Plan Page is displayed.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the waypoint to be deleted.
6) Press the CLR Key. The ‘Remove XXXXX?’ window is displayed.
7) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and
press the ENT Key.
8) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Deleting an entire airway from a stored flight plan:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited.
4) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key. The Stored
Flight Plan Page is displayed.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the white header of the airway to be deleted.
6) Press the CLR Key. The ‘Remove <airway name>?’ window is displayed.
7) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and
press the ENT Key.
8) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Deleting an entire procedure from a stored flight plan:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited.
4) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key. The Stored
Flight Plan Page is displayed.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the white header of the procedure to be deleted.
6) Press the CLR Key. The ‘Remove <procedure name> from flight plan?’ window is displayed.
7) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and
press the ENT Key.
8) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
Or:


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1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited.
4) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key. The Stored
Flight Plan Page is displayed.
5) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu and turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Remove <procedure>’.
6) Press the ENT Key. The ‘Remove <procedure name> from flight plan?’ window is displayed.
7) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and
press the ENT Key.
8) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

CHANGING FLIGHT PLAN COMMENTS (NAMES)

The comment field (or name) of each flight plan can be changed to something that is useful for identification.
Changing the active flight plan comment:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the comment field.
3) Use the FMS Knobs to edit the comment.
4) Press the ENT Key to accept the changes.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Changing a stored flight plan comment:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited.
4) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key. The Stored
Flight Plan Page is displayed.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the comment field.
6) Use the FMS Knobs to edit the comment.
7) Press the ENT Key to accept the changes.
8) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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ALONG TRACK OFFSETS

A waypoint having an “along track offset” distance from an existing waypoint can be entered into a flight plan.
Along track offset waypoints lie along the path of the existing flight plan, and can be used to make the system
reach a specified altitude before or after reaching the specified flight plan waypoint. Offset distances can be
entered from 1 to 999 nm in increments of 1 nm. Entering a negative offset distance results in an along track
offset waypoint inserted before the selected waypoint, whereas entering a positive offset distance results in an
along track offset waypoint inserted after the selected waypoint. Multiple offset waypoints are allowed.
A waypoint must be adjacent to its parent waypoint in the flight plan, so the system limits the along-track
distance to less than the length of the leg before or after the selected waypoint. If the selected waypoint is the
active waypoint, the distance is limited to less than the distance to go to the active waypoint. Assigning an along
track offset to a leg with indeterminate length is not permitted. An along track offset is not allowed at or after
the final approach fix of an approach.
An along track offset distance cannot be modified once entered. If the along track offset distance must be
changed, the existing along track offset waypoint must be deleted and a new one created with the new offset
distance.

Along Track Offset

Waypoint and
Distance from Flight
Plan Waypoint

Along Track
Offset Waypoint
and Distance

Figure 5-79 Along Track Offset

Entering an along track offset distance:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD) and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight
the waypoint for the along track offset.
3) Select the ATK OFST Softkey (MFD only); or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Create ATK Offset Waypoint’, and
press the ENT Key.

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4) Enter a positive or negative offset distance in the range of +/- 1 to 999 nm (limited by leg distance).
5) Press the ENT Key to create the offset waypoint.
6) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

PARALLEL TRACK
The Parallel Track (PTK) feature allows creation of a parallel course offset of 1 to 50 nm left or right of the
current flight plan. When Parallel Track is activated, the course line drawn on the map pages shows the parallel
course, and waypoint names have a lower case “p” placed after the identifier.
Using direct-to, loading an approach, a holding pattern, or editing and activating the flight plan automatically
cancels Parallel Track. Parallel Track is also cancelled if a course change occurs greater than 120° or the parallel
tracks overlap as a result of the course change.

NOTE: Vertical navigation is unavailable while the Parallel Track feature is active.

Active Flight Plan prior to Parallel Track

Selecting Parallel
Track

Figure 5-80 Active Flight Plan Window - Selecting Parallel Track

Activating parallel track:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Parallel Track’, and press the ENT Key. The Parallel Track Window is displayed
with the direction field highlighted.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘Left’ or ‘Right’ and press the ENT Key. The ‘DISTANCE’ field is highlighted.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter a distance from 1-99 nm and press the ENT Key. ‘ACTIVATE PARALLEL
TRACK’ is highlighted.
5) Press the ENT Key to activate parallel track. Press the FMS Knob or the CLR Key to cancel the parallel track
activation.

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Offset Direction
Offset Distance
Activation Prompt

Figure 5-81 Parallel Track Window

Parallel Track Waypoints

- TIFTO-p
- TOP-p
- ULNAZ-p
- ...
Original Track - LAA-p
Activating Parallel Track
affects the active flight
plan from the current
Parallel Track position on (will not affect
an approach)

Figure 5-82 Parallel Track Active

If the parallel track proposed by the offset direction and distance is not allowed by the system, the activation
prompt is displayed, but disabled. Parallel Track cannot be activated if a course is set using direct-to or if the
active leg is the first leg of the departure procedure. Attempting to activate parallel track with these conditions
results in the message ‘Parallel Track Unavailable Invalid Route Geometry’. If an approach leg is active the status
indicates that the system is unable to activate the parallel track with the message ‘Parallel Track Unavailable
Approach Leg Active’. If the offset direction and distance results in an unreasonable route geometry the status
indicates that the system is unable to activate the parallel track because of invalid geometry.

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Subdued Prompt
(Unavailable)

Unavailable Status
Invalid Approach
Geometry Active

Figure 5-83 Parallel Track Unavailable

If the active leg is not a track between two fixes (TF) or a course to a fix (DF) leg, the status
indicates that the system is unable to activate the parallel track because parallel track is not available for the
active leg type.

Offset Direction &

Distance Subdued
(Unavailable)
Cancel Prompt

Active Status

Figure 5-84 Cancelling Parallel Track

Cancelling parallel track:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Parallel Track’, and press the ENT Key. The Parallel Track Window is displayed
with ‘CANCEL PARALLEL TRACK?’ highlighted.
3) Press the ENT Key.

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ACTIVATING A FLIGHT PLAN LEG

The system allows selection of a highlighted leg as the “active leg” (the flight plan leg which is currently
used for navigation guidance).
Activating a flight plan leg:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD) and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight
the destination waypoint for the desired leg.
3) Select the ACT LEG Softkey (MFD only); or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Activate Leg’, and press the ENT Key.
A confirmation window is displayed with ‘ACTIVATE’ highlighted.
4) Press the ENT Key to activate the flight plan leg. To cancel, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press
the ENT Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Current
Active Leg
Selected Destination
Waypoint

Activate Leg Softkey

Figure 5-85 Active Flight Plan Page - Selecting the Leg Destination Waypoint

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New Active
Flight Plan Leg

Confirmation Window

Figure 5-86 Active Flight Plan Page - New Active Leg

INVERTING A FLIGHT PLAN

Any flight plan may be inverted (reversed) for navigation back to the original departure point.
Inverting the active flight plan:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Invert Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key. An ‘Invert Active Flight Plan?’
confirmation window is displayed.
3) Select ‘OK’.
4) Press the ENT Key to invert and activate the active flight plan. To cancel, press the CLR Key, or highlight
‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key.
Inverting and activating a stored flight plan:
1) Press the FPL Key and turn the small FMS Knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan.
3) Select the INVERT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Invert & Activate FPL?’, and press the ENT Key.
The ‘Invert and activate stored flight plan?’ window is displayed.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and
press the ENT Key.

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FLIGHT PLAN VIEWS

Information about flight plans can be viewed in more than one way. The active flight plan can be configured
to show cumulative distance over the length of the flight plan or the distance for each leg of the flight plan;
and the active flight plan can be viewed in a narrow or wide view. In the wide view, additional information is
displayed: Fuel Remaining (FUEL REM), Estimated Time Enroute (ETE), Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA), and
Bearing to the waypoint (BRG).
Switching between leg-to-leg waypoint distance and cumulative waypoint distance:
1) Press the FPL Key on the MFD to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
2) Select the VIEW Softkey to display the CUM and LEG-LEG Softkeys.
3) Select the CUM Softkey to view cumulative waypoint distance, or select the LEG-LEG Softkey to view leg-to-leg
waypoint distance.
4) Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top level active flight plan softkeys.
Active Flight Plan Leg to Leg Distance Active Flight Plan Cumulative Distance

WIDE Softkey, NARROW Softkey, LEG-LEG Softkey, CUM Softkey

Figure 5-87 Active Flight Plan - Leg to Leg vs. Cumulative Distance

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Switching between wide and narrow view:

1) Press the FPL Key on the MFD to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
2) Select the VIEW Softkey to display the WIDE and NARROW Softkeys.
3) Select the WIDE Softkey to display the wide view, or select the NARROW Softkey to display the narrow view.
4) Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top level active flight plan softkeys.
Active Flight Plan Narrow View Active Flight Plan Wide View

WIDE Softkey, NARROW Softkey, LEG-LEG Softkey, CUM Softkey

Figure 5-88 Active Flight Plan - Wide vs. Narrow View

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COLLAPSING AIRWAYS
The system allows airways on the active flight plan to be collapsed or expanded from the Active Flight Plan
Page/Window. When airways have been collapsed, it is indicated on the airway heading.
When airways are collapsed, leg-to-leg computed values such as DIS or ETE shown for the exit waypoint
reflect the total of all the legs on the airway that have been hidden in the collapsed display. The DTK value is
inhibited because it is not usable in this context.
The Active Flight Plan Page always keeps the following three waypoints visible: “From” waypoint, “To”
waypoint, and “Next” waypoint. To prevent one or more of these waypoints from being hidden in a collapsed
airway segment, the airway segment that contains either the “To” or the “Next” waypoint is automatically
expanded. When an airway is loaded, airways are automatically expanded to facilitate flight plan review.

Q3.FEPOT Airway
Collapsed View
Expanded View

Figure 5-89 Expanded/Collapsed Airways

Collapsing/expanding the airways in the active flight plan:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Collapse Airways’ or ‘Expand Airways’, and press the ENT Key. The airways are
collapsed/expanded.

CLOSEST POINT OF FPL

‘Closest Point of FPL’ calculates the bearing and closest distance at which a flight plan passes a reference
waypoint, and creates a new user waypoint along the flight plan at the location closest to a chosen reference
waypoint.
Determining the closest point along the active flight plan to a selected waypoint:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Closest Point Of FPL’’, and press the ENT Key. A window appears with the
reference waypoint field highlighted.
3) Enter the identifier of the reference waypoint and press the ENT Key. The system displays the bearing (BRG) and
distance (DIS) to the closest point along the flight plan to the selected reference waypoint and creates a user
waypoint at this location. The name for the new user waypoint is derived from the identifier of the reference
waypoint.

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USER-DEFINED HOLDING PATTERNS

A holding pattern can be defined at any active flight plan waypoint, or at the aircraft present position.
Creating a user-defined hold at an active flight plan waypoint:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD) and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight
the waypoint for the hold.
3) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Hold At Wpt’, and press the ENT Key. The HOLD AT window appears with the
course field highlighted.
4) Use the FMS Knobs to edit the entry course, and press the ENT Key.
5) Use the small FMS Knob to select ‘INBOUND’ or ‘OUTBOUND’ course direction, and press the ENT Key.
6) Use the small FMS Knob to select ‘TIME’ or ‘DIST’ length mode, and press the ENT Key.
7) Use the FMS Knobs to edit the length, and press the ENT Key.
8) Use the small FMS Knob to select ‘RIGHT’ or ‘LEFT’ turn direction, and press the ENT Key.
9) Use the FMS Knobs to edit the Expect Further Clearance Time (EFC TIME), and press the ENT Key.
10) Press the ENT Key while ‘LOAD?’ is highlighted to add the hold into the flight plan.

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Waypoint
Selected
Hold At
Wpt Menu
Selection

Location of Hold
Hold Entry Course Course Direction
(INBOUND or OUTBOUND)

Leg Length Mode Button Leg Length

(TIME or DIST)) (Time in nm or Distance in minutes)

Turn Direction
(RIGHT or LEFT)

Map of Hold Location

Expect Further Clearance Time

Load Hold in Active Flight Plan

Figure 5-90 Creating a User Defined Holding Pattern at an Active Flight Plan Waypoint

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Creating a user-defined hold at the aircraft present position:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Hold At Present Position’, and press the ENT Key. The HOLD AT window appears
with the course field highlighted.
3) If desired, use the FMS Knobs to edit the entry course, and press the ENT Key.
4) Use the small FMS Knob to select ‘INBOUND’ or ‘OUTBOUND’ course direction, and press the ENT Key.
5) Use the small FMS Knob to select ‘TIME’ or ‘DIST’ length mode, and press the ENT Key.
6) Use the FMS Knobs to edit the length, and press the ENT Key.
7) Use the small FMS Knob to select ‘RIGHT’ or ‘LEFT’ turn direction, and press the ENT Key.
8) Use the FMS Knobs to edit the Expect Further Clearance Time (EFC TIME), and press the ENT Key.
9) Press the ENT Key while ‘ACTIVATE?’ is highlighted to create an Offroute Direct-to hold waypoint at the aircraft
present position and activate the hold.
Creating a user-defined hold at a Direct To waypoint:
1) Press a Direct-to Key and set up the direct-to waypoint as desired, but select ‘HOLD?’ instead of ‘ACTIVATE?’
when finished (MFD or PFD).
2) Use the FMS Knobs to edit the entry course, and press the ENT Key.
3) Use the small FMS Knob to select ‘INBOUND’ or ‘OUTBOUND’ course direction, and press the ENT Key.
4) Use the small FMS Knob to select ‘TIME’ or ‘DIST’ length mode, and press the ENT Key.
5) Use the FMS Knobs to edit the length, and press the ENT Key.
6) Use the small FMS Knob to select ‘RIGHT’ or ‘LEFT’ turn direction, and press the ENT Key.
7) Use the FMS Knobs to edit the Expect Further Clearance Time (EFC TIME), and press the ENT Key.
8) Press the ENT Key while ‘ACTIVATE?’ is highlighted to activate the direct-to with the user-defined hold defined
at the direct-to waypoint. (If the direct-to wayoint is part of the active flight plan, the HOLD is inserted into
the active flight plan. If the direct-to waypoint is not part of the active flight plan, an off-route direct-to hold is
created.)
Exiting a user-defined hold inserted into the active flight plan:
Select the SUSP Softkey. The system will provide guidance to follow the holding pattern to the inbound course
and resume automatic waypoint sequencing.
Removing a user-defined hold inserted into the active flight plan:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD) and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight
the HOLD waypoint.
3) Press the CLR Key. A ‘Remove Holding Pattern?’ confirmation window is displayed.
4) Select ‘OK’ and press the ENT Key. The holding pattern is removed from the active flight plan. Select ‘CANCEL’
and press the ENT Key to cancel the removal of the holding pattern.

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Removing a user-defined hold at an off-route direct-to:

1) Press a Direct To Key to display the DIRECT TO Window (PFD or MFD).
2) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU with the cursor on the ‘Cancel Direct-To NAV’ selection.
3) Press the ENT Key. The holding pattern is removed.

Hold At
Present
Position
Menu
Selection

Location of Hold
Hold Entry Course Course Direction
(INBOUND or OUTBOUND)

Leg Length Mode Button Leg Length

(TIME or DIST)) (Time in nm or Distance in minutes)

Turn Direction
(RIGHT or LEFT)

Map of Hold Location

Expect Further Clearance Time

Activate Hold

Figure 5-91 Creating a User Defined Holding Pattern at the Aircraft Present Position

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Waypoint
Selected

Hold Entry Course

Location of Hold
Course Direction
(INBOUND or OUTBOUND)

Leg Length
(Time in nm or
Distance in minutes)
Turn Direction
(RIGHT or LEFT)

Leg Length Mode Button

(TIME or DIST))

Map of Hold Location

Expect Further
Clearance Time

Load Hold and

Activate Direct To
Hold At Direct To
Waypoint selection

Figure 5-92 Creating a User Defined Holding Pattern at a Direct To Waypoint

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5.7 VERTICAL NAVIGATION

NOTE: The system supports vertical path guidance and altitude constraints for the following leg types: AF,
CD, CF, CI, CR, DF, FC, FD, PI, and TF. Altitude constraints are not retained in stored flight plans.
The G1000 system Vertical Navigation (VNV) feature provides vertical profile guidance during the enroute
and terminal phases of flight. Guidance based on specified altitudes at waypoints in the active flight plan or to
a direct-to waypoint is provided. It includes vertical path guidance to a descending path, which is provided as a
linear deviation from the desired path. The desired path is defined by a line joining two waypoints with specified
altitudes or as a vertical angle from a specified waypoint/altitude. The vertical waypoints are integrated into the
active flight plan. Both manual and autopilot-coupled guidance are supported.
Current Vertical Navigation Profile Disabled (fields dashed) Current Vertical Navigation Profile Enabled (valid data)

ENBL VNV Softkey CNCL VNV Softkey

Figure 5-93 Enabling/Disabling Vertical Navigation

Enabling VNV guidance:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Select the ENBL VNV Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Enable VNV’, and press the ENT Key. Vertical
navigation is enabled, and vertical guidance begins with the waypoint shown in the CURRENT VNV PROFILE box
(defaults first waypoint in the active flight plan with an altitude enabled for vertical navigation (e.g., HABUK)).
Disabling VNV guidance:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Select the CNCL VNV Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Cancel VNV’, and press the ENT Key. Vertical
navigation is disabled.

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Canceling vertical navigation results in vertical deviation (V DEV), vertical speed required (VS REQ), and time
to top of descent/bottom of descent (TIME TO TOD/BOD) going invalid. The Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI)
and Required Vertical Speed Indicator (RVSI) on the PFD are removed, and the V DEV, VS REQ, and TIME TO
TOD items displayed in the CURRENT VNV PROFILE box are dashed. VNV remains disabled until manually
enabled. Vertical guidance in reversionary mode can only be enabled for a direct-to waypoint.
The system allows a vertical navigation direct-to to any waypoint in the active flight plan with an altitude
constraint “designated” for vertical guidance. Selecting the VNV Direct-to Softkey on the Active Flight Plan Page
allows the flight plan to be flown, while vertical guidance based on the altitude constraint at the VNV direct-to
waypoint is provided. The altitude change begins immediately and is spread along the flight plan from current
position to the vertical direct-to waypoint, not just along the leg for the direct-to waypoint. A direct-to with
altitude constraint activated by pressing the Direct-to Key also provides vertical guidance, but would bypass
flight plan waypoints between the current position in the flight plan and the direct-to waypoint. A top of descent
(TOD) point is computed based on the default flight path angle; descent begins once the TOD is reached.
Current Vertical Navigation Profile Current Vertical Navigation Profile
Prior to VNV Direct-to After VNV Direct-to

VNV Direct-To Softkey VNV PROF Softkey

Figure 5-94 Vertical Navigation Direct-To

Activating a vertical navigation direct-to:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired waypoint.

NOTE: The selected waypoint must have a designated altitude constraint (cyan number) to be used. If not,
the first waypoint in the flight plan with a designated altitude constraint is selected.

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3) Select the VNV Direct-To Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘VNV Direct-To’, and press the ENT Key.
An ‘Activate vertical Direct-to to: NNNNNFT at XXXXXX?’ confirmation window is displayed.
4) Press the ENT Key. Vertical guidance begins to the altitude constraint for the selected waypoint.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
The vertical navigation profile can be modified by directly entering a vertical speed target (VS TGT) and/or flight
path angle (FPA) in the CURRENT VNV PROFILE box.
Modifying the VS TGT and FPA:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Select the VNV PROF Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Select VNV Profile Window’, and press the
ENT Key. The cursor is now located in the CURRENT VNV PROFILE box.
3) Turn the FMS Knobs as needed to edit the values.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

ALTITUDE CONSTRAINTS
The system can use altitude constraints associated with lateral waypoints to give guidance for vertical
navigation. These altitudes are, depending on the specific instance, manually entered or retrieved from the
published altitudes in the navigation database. The navigation database only contains altitudes for procedures
that call for “Cross at” altitudes. If the procedure states “Expect to cross at,” then the altitude is not in the
database. In this case the altitude may be entered manually.

Cross AT Displayed Text

or ABOVE Examples
5,000 ft
Large White Text

Cross AT Large Cyan Text

2,300 ft
Temperature
Small Cyan Text
Compensated
Cross AT
or BELOW Small Cyan Subdued
3,000 ft Text

Altitude Constraint
Examples Small White Text with
Altitude Restriction Bar

Figure 5-95 Waypoint Altitude Constraints

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White Text Cyan Text Cyan Subdued Text

Large Altitude calculated by the system Altitude has been entered manually. The system cannot use this
Text estimating the altitude of the aircraft as Altitude is designated for use in giving altitude in determining vertical
it passes over the navigation point. This vertical speed and deviation guidance.  speed and deviation guidance
altitude is provided as a reference and is Altitude does not match the published because of an invalid constraint
not designated to be used in determining altitude in navigation database or no condition.
vertical speed and deviation guidance. published altitude exists.
Small Altitude is not designated to be used in Altitude is designated for use in giving The system cannot use this
Text determining vertical speed and deviation vertical speed and deviation guidance.  altitude in determining vertical
guidance.  Altitude has been retrieved Altitude has been retrieved from the speed and deviation guidance
from the navigation database and is navigation database or has been entered because of an invalid constraint
provided as a reference. manually and matches a published condition.
altitude in the navigation database.

Table 5-8 Altitude Constraint Size and Color Coding

Altitudes associated with arrival and approach procedures are “auto-designated”. This means the system
automatically uses the altitudes loaded with the arrival or approach for giving vertical speed and deviation
guidance. Note that these altitudes are displayed as cyan text up to, but not including, the FAF. The FAF is
always a “reference only” altitude and cannot be designated, unless the selected approach does not provide
vertical guidance. In this case, the FAF altitude can be designated.
Altitudes that have been designated for use in vertical guidance can be “un-designated” using the CLR Key.
The altitude is now displayed only as a reference. It is not used to give vertical guidance. Other displayed
altitudes may change due to re-calculations or be rendered invalid as a result of manually changing an altitude
to a non-designated altitude.
Designating a waypoint altitude to be used for vertical guidance:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter editing mode.
4) Press the ENT Key. The altitude is now shown in cyan, indicating it is usable for vertical guidance.

Designating a procedure waypoint altitude to be used for vertical guidance:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude.
3) Press the ENT Key. The altitude is now shown in cyan, indicating it is usable for vertical guidance.
Altitude constraints are displayed and entered in feet mean sea level (MSL) values to the nearest hundred. An
altitude constraint in feet above ground level (AGL) format is supported for airports. When a database altitude
restriction is displayed, the system allows entry of a different altitude when creating a waypoint, effectively
overriding the database restriction (only before the FAF). When a database altitude restriction of type “AT or
ABOVE” or “AT or BELOW” is activated, the system uses the “AT” portion of the restriction to define the vertical
profile.

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An altitude constraint is invalid if:

• Meeting the constraint requires the aircraft to climb
• Meeting the constraint requires the maximum flight path angle (6° down) or maximum vertical speed (-6000
fpm) to be exceeded
• The altitude constraint results in a TOD behind the aircraft present position
• The constraint is within a leg type for which altitude constraints are not supported
• The altitude constraint is added to the FAF of an approach that provides vertical guidance (i.e., ILS or GPS
SBAS approach)
• The altitude constraint is added to a waypoint past the FAF.
Entering/modifiying an altitude constraint:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude constraint.
3) Enter an altitude constraint value using the FMS Knobs. To enter altitudes as a flight level, turn the small
FMS Knob counter-clockwise past zero or clockwise past 9 on the first character, and the system automatically
changes to show units of Flight Level. Turn the large FMS Knob clockwise to highlight the first zero and enter
the three digit flight level.
4) Press the ENT Key to accept the altitude constraint; if the selected waypoint is an airport, an additional choice
is displayed. Turn the small FMS Knob to choose ‘MSL’ or ‘AGL’, and press the ENT Key to accept the altitude.
Altitude constraints can be modified or deleted after having been added to the flight plan. In the event an
altitude constraint is deleted and the navigation database contains an altitude restriction for the lateral waypoint,
the system displays the altitude restriction from the database provided no predicted altitude can be provided.
The system also provides a way to reinstate a published altitude constraint that has been edited.
Deleting an altitude constraint provided by the navigation database:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude constraint.
3) Press the CLR Key. A ‘Remove VNV altitude constraint?’ confirmation window is displayed.
4) Select ‘OK’ and press the ENT Key.

Deleting an altitude constraint that has been manually entered:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude constraint.
3) Press the CLR Key. A ‘Remove or Revert to published VNV altitude of nnnnnFT?’ confirmation window is
displayed.
4) Select ‘REMOVE’ and press the ENT Key. The manually entered altitude is deleted (it is replaced by a system
calculated altitude, if available).

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Reverting a manually entered altitude constraint back to the navigation database value:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude constraint.
3) Press the CLR Key. A ‘Remove or Revert to published VNV altitude of nnnnnFT?’ confirmation window is
displayed.
4) Select ‘REVERT’ and press the ENT Key. The altitude is changed to the navigation database value.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Modifying a system calculated altitude constraint:

1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude constraint.
3) Press the CLR Key. An ‘Edit or Revert to published VNV altitude of nnnnnFT?’ confirmation window is
displayed.
4) Select ‘EDIT’ and press the ENT Key.
5) Edit the value using the FMS Knobs, and press the ENT Key.
6) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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5.8 PROCEDURES
The system can access the whole range of instrument procedures available. Departures (DPs), arrivals (STARs),
and non-precision and precision approaches (APPRs) are stored within the database and can be loaded using the
Procedures (PROC) Key.
The selected procedure for the departure or arrival airport is added to the active flight plan. No waypoints are
required to be in the active flight plan to load procedures; however, if the departure and arrival airport are already
loaded, the procedure loading window defaults to the appropriate airport, saving some time selecting the correct
airport on the Procedure Loading Page. Whenever an approach is selected, the choice to either “load” or “activate”
is given. “Loading” adds the approach to the end of the flight plan without immediately using it for navigation
guidance. This allows continued navigation via the intermediate waypoints in the original flight plan, but keeps
the procedure available on the Active Flight Plan Page for quick activation when needed. “Activating” also adds
the procedure to the end of the flight plan but immediately begins to provide guidance to the first waypoint in
the approach.
The system adds terminal procedures to the flight plan based on leg types coded within that procedure in the
navigation database. If the terminal procedure in the flight plan contains an identifier like ‘6368ft’, that indicates
a leg that terminates when the specified altitude (6368 feet) has been exceeded. A heading leg in the flight plan
displays ‘hdg’ preceding the DTK (e.g. ‘hdg 008°’). A flight plan leg requiring the pilot to manually intitiate
sequencing to the next leg displays ‘MANSEQ’ as the identifier.

Heading Leg Terminating at the

Manually Sequenced Heading Leg Specified Altitude

Figure 5-96 Procedure Leg Identifiers

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DEPARTURES
A Departure Procedure (DP) is loaded at the departure airport in the flight plan. Only one departure can be
loaded at a time in a flight plan. If a departure is loaded when another departure is already in the active flight
plan, the new departure replaces the previous departure. The route is defined by selection of a departure, the
transition waypoints, and a runway.

LOADING A DEPARTURE INTO THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN

Loading a departure into the active flight plan using the PROC Key:
1) Press the PROC Key. The Procedures Window is displayed.
2) Highlight ‘SELECT DEPARTURE’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The Departure Loading Page is displayed.
4) Use the FMS Knob to select an airport and press the ENT Key.
5) Select a departure from the list and press the ENT Key.
6) Select a runway (if required) and press the ENT Key.
7) Select a transition (if required) and press the ENT Key. ‘LOAD?’ is highlighted.
8) Press the ENT Key to load the departure procedure.
Available Procedure Actions Departure Airport

Loaded Procedures Departure Preview Departure Choices

Figure 5-97 Departure Selection

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Selected Departure Loaded Departure

Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys

Figure 5-98 Departure Loading

Viewing available departures at an airport:

1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the DP Softkey. The Departure Information
Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page.
2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and
press the ENT Key.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Departure. The departure is previewed on the map.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available departures. Press the ENT Key to select the departure. The cursor
moves to the Runway box. The departure is previewed on the map.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available runways. Press the ENT Key to select the runway. The cursor
moves to the Transition box (only if there are available transitions). The departure is previewed on the map.
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available transitions. Press the ENT Key to select the transition. The cursor
moves to the Sequence box. The departure is previewed on the map.
7) Select the INFO-1 Softkey or the INFO-2 Softkey to return to the Airport Information Page.

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Loading a departure into the active flight plan from the Departure Information Page:
1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the DP Softkey. The Departure Information
Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page.
2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and
press the ENT Key.
3) Select a different departure, if desired.
a) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Departure. The departure is previewed on the map.
b) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available departures. Press the ENT Key to select the departure. The
cursor moves to the Runway box. The departure is previewed on the map.
c) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available runways. Press the ENT Key to select the runway. The cursor
moves to the Transition box (only if there are available transitions). The departure is previewed on the map.
d) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available transitions. Press the ENT Key to select the transition. The
cursor moves to the Sequence box. The departure is previewed on the map.
4) Press the MENU Key to display the Departure Information Page Menu.
5) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Load Departure’.
6) Press the ENT Key to load the departure procedure into the active flight plan.

REMOVING A DEPARTURE FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN

When plans change while flying IFR, departures can be easily removed from the Active Flight Plan.
Removing a departure procedure from the active flight plan:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the MENU Key, and highlight ‘Remove Departure’.
3) Press the ENT Key. A confirmation window is displayed listing the departure procedure.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the removal request, highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT
Key.
Or:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the departure header in the active flight plan.
3) Press the CLR Key. A confirmation window is displayed listing the departure procedure.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the removal request, highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT
Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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ARRIVALS
A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) can be loaded at any airport that has one available. Only one arrival
can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. If an arrival is loaded when another arrival is already in the active
flight plan, the new arrival replaces the previous arrival. The route is defined by selection of an arrival, the
transition waypoints, and a runway.

LOADING AN ARRIVAL INTO THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN

Loading an arrival into the active flight plan using the PROC Key:
1) Press the PROC Key. The Procedures Window is displayed.
2) Highlight ‘SELECT ARRIVAL’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The Arrival Loading Page is displayed.
4) Use the FMS Knob to select an airport and press the ENT Key.
5) Select an arrival from the list and press the ENT Key.
6) Select a transition (if required) and press the ENT Key.
7) Select a runway (if required) and press the ENT Key. ‘LOAD?’ is highlighted.
8) Press the ENT Key to load the arrival procedure.
Available Procedure Actions Destination Airport

Loaded Procedures Arrival Preview Arrival Choices

Figure 5-99 Arrival Selection

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Selected Arrival Loaded Arrival

Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys

Figure 5-100 Arrival Loading

Viewing available arrivals at an airport:

1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the STAR Softkey. The Arrival Information
Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport Information Page.
2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and
press the ENT Key.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Arrival. The arrival is previewed on the map.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available arrivals. Press the ENT Key to select the arrival. The cursor moves
to the Transition box. The arrival is previewed on the map.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available transitions. Press the ENT Key to select the transition. The cursor
moves to the Runway box. The arrival is previewed on the map.
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available runways. Press the ENT Key to select the runway. The cursor
moves to the Sequence box. The arrival is previewed on the map.
7) Select the INFO-1 Softkey or the INFO-2 Softkey to return to the Airport Information Page.

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Loading an arrival into the active flight plan from the Arrival Information Page:
1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the STAR Softkey. The Arrival Information
Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page.
2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and
press the ENT Key.
3) Select a different arrival, if desired.
a) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the arrival. The arrival is previewed on the map.
b) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available arrivals. Press the ENT Key to select the arrival. The cursor
moves to the Transition box (only if there are available transitions). The arrival is previewed on the map.
c) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available transitions. Press the ENT Key to select the transition. The
cursor moves to the Runway box. The arrival is previewed on the map.
d) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available runways. Press the ENT Key to select the runway. The cursor
moves to the Sequence box. The arrival is previewed on the map.
4) Press the MENU Key to display the Arrival Information Page Menu.
5) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Load Arrival’.
6) Press the ENT Key to load the arrival procedure into the active flight plan.

REMOVING AN ARRIVAL FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN

When plans change while flying IFR, arrivals can be easily removed from the Active Flight Plan.
Removing an arrival from the active flight plan:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the MENU Key, and highlight ‘Remove Arrival’.
3) Press the ENT Key. A confirmation window is displayed listing the arrival procedure.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the removal request, highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT
Key.
Or:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the arrival header in the active flight plan.
3) Press the CLR Key. A confirmation window is displayed listing the arrival procedure.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the removal request, highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT
Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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APPROACHES

NOTE: If certain GPS parameters (SBAS, RAIM, etc.) are not available, some published approach procedures
for the desired airport may not be displayed in the list of available approaches.
An Approach Procedure (APPR) can be loaded at any airport that has one available, and provides guidance for
non-precision and precision approaches to airports with published instrument approach procedures. Only one
approach can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. If an approach is loaded when another approach is already in
the active flight plan, the new approach replaces the previous approach. The route is defined by selection of an
approach and the transition waypoints.
Whenever an approach is selected, the choice to either “load” or “activate” is given. “Loading” adds the
approach to the end of the flight plan without immediately using it for navigation guidance. This allows continued
navigation via the intermediate waypoints in the original flight plan, but keeps the procedure available on the
Active Flight Plan Page for quick activation when needed. “Activating” also adds the procedure to the end of the
flight plan but immediately begins to provide guidance to the first waypoint in the approach.
When selecting an approach, a “GPS” designation to the right of the approach type (e.g. RNAV) indicates the
procedure can be flown using the GPS receiver. Some procedures do not have this designation, meaning the
GPS receiver can be used for supplemental navigation guidance only. If the GPS receiver cannot be used for
primary guidance, the appropriate navigation receiver must be used for the selected approach (e.g., VOR or
ILS). The final course segment of ILS approaches, for example, must be flown by tuning the NAV receiver to
the proper frequency and selecting that NAV receiver on the CDI.
If GPS navigation becomes unavailable on an RNAV GPS approach after the FAF, the approach aborts with
an APR ABORT message. When this happens, the CDI is removed, the VDI is flagged ‘NO GP’, the approach
service level (LPV, LP, L/VNAV, etc.) on the HSI is yellow, and the GPS LOI and GPS NAV LOST system messages
occur. The CDI will not be restored for missed approach guidance until the messages are acknowledged and a
position source is available (e.g. restored GPS or Dead Reckoning).
The SBAS GPS allows for flying LNAV, LNAV+V, LNAV/VNAV, LP, LP+V, and LPV approach service levels
according to the published chart. The ‘+V’ designation adds advisory vertical guidance for assistance in
maintaining a constant vertical glidepath similar to an ILS glideslope on approach. This guidance is displayed
on the system PFD in the same location as the ILS glideslope using a magenta diamond. Baro VNAV guidance
is displayed on the system PFD in the same location as the ILS glideslope using a magenta pentagon. The active
approach service level is annunciated on the HSI as shown in the following table:

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Approach LNAV/VNAV or If SBAS becomes unavailable prior to one

Service Level Description LNAV Database minute to FAF, at one minute to FAF will
(as shown on HSI) Minima Available? initiate a switch/downgrade to:
RNAV GPS approach using
LNAV LNAV N/A
published LNAV minima
RNAV GPS approach using
published LNAV minima.
LNAV+V LNAV LNAV+V (Baro VNAV) 
Advisory vertical guidance
is provided
RNAV GPS approach using
L/VNAV published LNAV/VNAV LNAV/VNAV LNAV/VNAV (Baro VNAV) 
minima
LP LNAV LNAV 
RNAV GPS approach using
(available only if
published LP minima No LNAV Approach Aborted 
SBAS available)
RNAV GPS approach using LNAV LNAV 
LP+V
published LP minima.
(available only if
Advisory vertical guidance
SBAS available) No LNAV Approach Aborted 
is provided
LPV LNAV/VNAV LNAV/VNAV (Baro VNAV) 
RNAV GPS approach using
(available only if LNAV Only LNAV
published LPV minima
SBAS available) Neither Approach Aborted 
Approach Service Level - LNAV, LNAV+V, L/VNAV, LP, LP+V, LPV

 APR ADVISORY system message generated. Acknowledgement is required to complete the switch.
 APR DWNGRADE system message generated. Downgrade will not complete until message is acknowledged.
 Approach is aborted. ABORT APR system message generated.
 If APR ADVISORY system message not acknowledged prior to the FAF, downgrades to LNAV. No additional message
generated.
Table 5-10 Effects of SBAS Unavailablility on Approaches

LNAV/VNAV DOWNGRADE
If SBAS becomes unavailable prior to one minute to the FAF on an RNAV LNAV/VNAV approach, L/VNAV
will be shown in yellow, the system will switch to LNAV/VNAV (Baro VNAV) service level (L/VNAV shown
in magenta), and an APR ADVISORY system message will be generated (the VDI will be flagged NO GP until
the APR ADVISORY system message has been acknowledged). If the APR ADVISORY system message is not
acknowledged prior to the FAF, the system will downgrade to LNAV service level (LNAV shown in magenta),
the VDI will remain flagged ‘NO GP’, and no additional downgrade system message will be generated.
If SBAS becomes unavailable after one minute to the FAF, the system will downgrade to LNAV service level,
with no downgrade system message generated. If SBAS becomes unavailable after one minute to the FAF, and
there is no LNAV minima, the approach will abort when past the FAF waypoint.

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LNAV+V SWITCHING
If SBAS becomes unavailable prior to one minute to the FAF on an RNAV LNAV+V approach, LNAV+V
will be shown in yellow, the system will switch to LNAV+V (Baro VNAV) service level (LNAV+V shown in
magenta), and an APR ADVISORY system message will be generated (the vertical deviation will be flagged NO
GP until the APR ADVISORY system message has been acknowledged).
If SBAS becomes unavailable after one minute to the FAF, the system will downgrade to LNAV service level,
with no downgrade system message generated.

LP DOWNGRADE
If SBAS becomes unavailable prior to one minute to the FAF on an RNAV LP approach, LP will be shown
in yellow, but the CDI will be continue to be shown. At one minute to the FAF, the system will downgrade to
LNAV service level (LNAV shown in magenta), and an APR DWNGRADE system message will be generated
(the CDI will be removed until the APR DWNGRADE system message has been acknowledged).
If SBAS becomes unavailable after one minute to the FAF, the approach will abort.

LP+V DOWNGRADE
If SBAS becomes unavailable prior to one minute to the FAF on an RNAV LP+V approach, LP+V will be
shown in yellow and the VDI will be flagged NO GP, but the CDI will be continue to be shown. At one
minute to the FAF, the system will downgrade to LNAV service level (LNAV shown in magenta), and an APR
DWNGRADE system message will be generated (the CDI will be removed until the APR DWNGRADE system
message has been acknowledged).
If SBAS becomes unavailable after one minute to the FAF, the approach will abort.

LPV DOWNGRADE
If SBAS becomes unavailable prior to one minute to the FAF on an RNAV LPV approach, LPV will be shown
in yellow, but the VDI will be continue to be shown. At one minute to the FAF, the system will downgrade to:
1) LNAV/VNAV service level (Baro VNAV) (L/VNAV shown in magenta), and an APR DWNGRADE system
message will be generated (the VDI will be flagged ‘NO GP’ until the APR DWNGRADE system message has
been acknowledged);
or
2) LNAV service level (LNAV shown in magenta), the VDI will be flagged ‘NO GP’, and an APR DWNGRADE
system message will be generated.
If SBAS becomes unavailable after one minute to the FAF, the system will downgrade to LNAV service level
when past the FAF, with no downgrade system message generated.

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LOADING AN APPROACH INTO THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN

Loading an approach into the active flight plan using the PROC Key:
1) Press the PROC Key. The Procedures Window is displayed.
2) Highlight ‘SELECT APPROACH’, and press the ENT Key. The Approach Loading Page is displayed.
3) Select the airport and approach:
a) Use the FMS Knob to select an airport and press the ENT Key.
b) Select an approach from the list and press the ENT Key.
Or:
a) If necessary, push the FMS Knob to exit the approach list, and use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor
to the APPROACH CHANNEL field.
b) Use the FMS Knob to enter the approach channel number, and press the ENT Key to accept the approach
channel number. The airport and approach are selected.
4) Select a transition (if required) and press the ENT Key.
5) Minimums
a) To set ‘MINIMUMS’, turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘BARO’, ‘TEMP COMP’ or ‘RAD ALT’, and press the
ENT Key. Turn the small FMS Knob to select the altitude, and press the ENT Key.
b) If ‘TEMP COMP’ was selected, the cursor moves to the temperature field. Turn the small FMS Knob to
select the temperature, and press the ENT Key.
Or:
To skip setting minimums, press the ENT Key.
6) Press the ENT Key with ‘LOAD?’ highlighted to load the approach procedure; or turn the large FMS Knob to
highlight ‘ACTIVATE’ and press the ENT Key to load and activate the approach procedure.

NOTE: When GPS is not approved for the selected final approach course, the message ‘NOT APPROVED
FOR GPS’ is displayed. GPS provides guidance to the approach, but the HSI must to be switched to a NAV
receiver to fly the final course of the approach.

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Available Procedure Actions Destination Airport

Loaded Procedures Approach Preview Approach Choices

Figure 5-101 Approach Selection

Selected Approach Loaded Approach

Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys LOAD or ACTIVATE? Annunciation

Figure 5-102 Approach Loading

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Viewing available approaches at an airport:

1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the APR Softkey. The Approach
Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page.
2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and
press the ENT Key.
3) Press the FMS Knob, then turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Approach. The approach is previewed on
the map.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available approaches. Press the ENT Key to select the approach. The
cursor moves to the Transition box. The approach is previewed on the map.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available transitions. Press the ENT Key to select the transition. The cursor
moves to the Minimums box. The approach is previewed on the map.
6) Select the INFO-1 or the INFO-2 Softkey to return to the Airport Information Page.

Loading an approach into the active flight plan from the Nearest Airport Page:
1) Select the Nearest Airports Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob, then turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired nearest airport. The airport is
previewed on the map.
3) Select the APR Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Select Approach Window’, and press the ENT Key.
4) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired approach.
5) Select the LD APR Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Load Approach’, and press the ENT Key. The
Approach Loading Page is displayed with the transitions field highlighted.
6) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired transition, and press the ENT Key.
7) Minimums
a) To set ‘MINIMUMS’, turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘BARO’, ‘TEMP COMP’ or ‘RAD ALT’, and press the
ENT Key. Turn the small FMS Knob to select the altitude, and press the ENT Key.
b) If ‘TEMP COMP’ was selected, the cursor moves to the temperature field. Turn the small FMS Knob to
select the temperature, and press the ENT Key.
Or:
To skip setting minimums, press the ENT Key. The ‘LOAD?’ field is highlighted.
8) Press the ENT Key with ‘LOAD?’ highlighted to load the approach procedure; or turn the large FMS Knob to
highlight ‘ACTIVATE’ and press the ENT Key to load and activate the approach procedure. The system continues
navigating the current flight plan until the approach is activated. When GPS is not approved for the selected
final approach course, the message ‘NOT APPROVED FOR GPS’ is displayed. GPS provides guidance to the
approach, but the HSI must to be switched to a NAV receiver to fly the final course of the approach.

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ACTIVATING AN APPROACH
A previously loaded approach can be activated from the Procedures Window.
Activating a previously loaded approach:
1) Press the PROC Key. The Procedures Window is displayed with ‘Activate Approach’ highlighted.
2) Press the ENT Key to activate the approach.
In many cases, it may be easiest to “load” the full approach while still some distance away, enroute to the
destination airport. Later, if vectored to final, use the steps above to select ‘Activate Vector-To-Final’ — which
makes the inbound course to the FAF waypoint active.
Activating a previously loaded approach with vectors to final:
1) Press the PROC Key to display the Procedures Window.
2) Highlight ‘ACTIVATE VECTOR-TO-FINAL’ and press the ENT Key.

Loading and activating an approach using the MENU Key:

1) From the Approach Loading Page, press the MENU Key. The page menu is displayed with ‘Load & Activate
Approach’ highlighted.
2) Press the ENT Key. When GPS is not approved for the selected final approach course, the message ‘NOT
APPROVED FOR GPS’ is displayed. GPS provides guidance to the approach, but the HSI must to be switched to
a NAV receiver to fly the final course of the approach.

REMOVING AN APPROACH FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN

When plans change while flying IFR, approaches can be easily removed from the Active Flight Plan.
Removing an approach from the active flight plan:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the MENU Key, and highlight ‘Remove Approach’.
3) Press the ENT Key. A confirmation window is displayed listing the approach procedure.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the removal, highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key.
Or:
1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the approach header in the active flight plan.
3) Press the CLR Key. A confirmation window is displayed listing the approach procedure.
4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. To cancel the removal, highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key.
5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

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MISSED APPROACH
Activating a missed approach in the active flight plan:
1) Press the PROC Key.
2) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘ACTIVATE MISSED APPROACH’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The aircraft automatically sequences to the MAHP.
Or:
Press the Go-Around Button.
In this missed approach procedure, the altitude immediately following the MAP (in this case ‘6368ft’) is
not part of the published procedure. It is simply a Course to Altitude (CA) leg which guides the aircraft along
the runway centerline until the altitude required to safely make the first turn toward the MAHP is exceeded.
This altitude is provided by the navigation database, and may be below, equal to, or above the published
minimums for this approach. In this case, if the aircraft altitude is below the specified altitude (6,368 feet)
after crossing the MAP, a direct-to is established to provide a course on runway heading until an altitude of
6,368 feet is reached. After reaching 6,368 feet, a direct-to is established to the published MAHP (in this case
MOGAL). If the aircraft altitude is above the specified altitude after crossing the MAP, a direct-to is established
to the published fix (MOGAL) to begin the missed approach procedure.

Course to Alttitude Leg

Figure 5-103 Course to Altitude

In some missed approach procedures this Course to Altitude leg may be part of the published procedure.
For example, a procedure may dictate a climb to 5,500 feet, then turn left and proceed to the Missed Approach
Hold Point (MAHP). In this case, the altitude would appear in the list of waypoints as ‘5500ft’. Again, if the
aircraft altitude is lower than the prescribed altitude, a direct-to is established on a Course to Altitude leg
when the missed approach procedure is activated.

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TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED ALTITUDE

If desired, the system can compensate the loaded approach altitudes based on a pilot-supplied temperature
at the destination. For example, if the pilot enters a destination temperature of -40º C, the system increases
the approach altitudes accordingly. A temperature compensated altitude is displayed in slanted text.
Enabling temperature compensated altitude:
1) From the Active Flight Plan Page, press the MENU Key. The Page Menu is displayed.
2) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Temperature Compensation’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Window is displayed.
4) Use the small FMS Knob to select the temperature at the <airport>. The compensated altitude is computed as
the temperature is selected.

NOTE: The temperature at the destination can be entered in the TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Window
on the MFD, or in the REFERENCES Window on the PFD. There is only one compensation temperature for
the system, therefore, changing the temperature will affect both the loaded approach altitudes and the
minimums. Refer to the Flight Instruments section for information about applying temperature compensation
to the MDA/DH.
5) Press the ENT Key. ‘ACTIVATE COMPENSATION?’ is highlighted.
6) Press the ENT Key. The compensated altitudes for the approach are shown in the flight plan.

Selected
Temperature
Temperature FAF Altitude
Compensation Compensated
Selected Altitude

Figure 5-104 Temperature Compensation

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ACTIVATE CANCEL
COMPENSATION? COMPENSATION?
Highlighted Highlighted

Figure 5-105 Activating/Cancelling Temperature Compensation

Compensated Uncompensated
Altitudes Altitudes

Figure 5-106 Temperature Compensation in the Active Flight Plan

Cancelling temperature compensated altitude:

1) From the Active Flight Plan Page, press the MENU Key. The Page Menu is displayed.
2) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Temperature Compensation’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Window is displayed.
4) Press the ENT Key. ‘CANCEL COMPENSATION?’ is highlighted.
5) Press the ENT Key. The temperature compensated altitude at the FAF is cancelled.

NOTE: Activating/cancelling temperature compensation for the loaded approach altitudes does not select/
deselect temperature compensated minimums (MDA/DH), nor does selecting/deselecting temperature
compensated minimums activate/cancel temperature compensated approach altitudes.

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5.9 TRIP PLANNING

The system allows the pilot to view trip planning information, fuel information, and other information for
a specified flight plan or flight plan leg based on automatic data, or based on manually entered data. Weight
planning is also available, based on fuel sensor data and the active flight plan (to estimate remaining fuel).

TRIP PLANNING
All of the input of data needed for calculation and viewing of the statistics is done on the Trip Planning Page
located in the AUX Page Group.
Selected Flight Plan Segment
- FPL Number/Cumulative Legs (CUM or REM) or Leg Number (NN)
- Waypoints Defining Selected Flight Plan/Flight Plan Leg

Trip Planning Page Mode

- Automatic/Manual

Preview of Selected Trip Input Data (sensor/pilot)

Flight Plan/ - Departure Time (local)
Flight Plan Leg - Ground Speed
- Fuel Flow
- Fuel On Board Aircraft
Trip Statistics - Calibrated Airspeed
Desired Track - - Indicated Altitude
Distance - - Barometric Pressure
Est. Time Enroute - - Total Air Temperature
Est. Time of Arrival -
Enroute Safe Altitude - Other Statistics
Sunrise Time (local) - - Density Altitude
Sunset Time (local) - - True Airspeed (TAS)

Fuel Statistics
Efficiency -
Total Endurance -
Remaining Fuel -
Remaining Endurance -
Fuel Required - Softkeys
Total Range - - Automatic/Manual Page Mode
- Flight Plan/Waypoint Mode

Figure 5-107 Trip Planning Page

The trip planning inputs are based on sensor inputs (automatic page mode) or on pilot inputs (manual page
mode). Some additional explanation of the sources for some of the inputs is as follows:
• Departure time (DEP TIME) - This defaults to the current time in automatic page mode. The computations
are from the aircraft present position, so the aircraft is always just departing.
• Calibrated airspeed (CALIBRATED AS) - The primary source is from the air data system, and the secondary
source of information is GPS ground speed.
• Indicated altitude (IND ALTITUDE) - The primary source is the barometric altitude, and the secondary source
of information is GPS altitude.

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TRIP STATISTICS
The trip statistics are calculated based on the selected starting and ending waypoints and the trip planning
inputs.
In flight plan mode (FPL) with a stored flight plan selected (NN), and the entire flight plan (CUM) selected,
the waypoints are the starting and ending waypoints of the selected flight plan.
In flight plan mode (FPL) with a stored flight plan selected (NN), and a specific leg (NN) selected, the
waypoints are the endpoints of the selected leg.
In flight plan mode (FPL) with the active flight plan selected (00), and the remaining flight plan (REM)
selected, the ‘from’ waypoint is the present position of the aircraft and the ‘to’ waypoint is the endpoint of the
active flight plan.
In flight plan mode (FPL) with the active flight plan selected (00), and a specific leg (NN) selected, the
‘from’ waypoint is the current aircraft position and the ‘to’ waypoint is the endpoint of the selected leg.
In waypoint (WPTS) mode these are manually selected waypoints (if there is an active flight plan, these
default to the endpoints of the active leg).
Some of the calculated trip statistics are dashed when the selected leg of the active flight plan has already
been flown.
• Desired Track (DTK) - DTK is shown as nnn° and is the desired track between the selected waypoints.
It is dashed unless only a single leg is selected.
• Distance (DIS) - The distance is shown in tenths of units up to 99.9, and in whole units up to 9999.
• Estimated time enroute (ETE) - ETE is shown as hours:minutes until less than an hour, then it is shown
as minutes:seconds.
• Estimated time of arrival (ETA) - ETA is shown as hours:minutes and is the local time at the
destination.
- If in waypoint mode then the ETA is the ETE added to the departure time.
- If a flight plan other than the active flight plan is selected it shows the ETA by adding to the departure
time all of the ETEs of the legs up to the selected leg. If the entire flight plan is selected, then the ETA
is calculated as if the last leg of the flight plan was selected.
- If the active flight plan is selected the ETA reflects the current position of the aircraft and the current
leg being flown. The ETA is calculated by adding to the current time the ETEs of the current leg up to
and including the selected leg. If the entire flight plan is selected, then the ETA is calculated as if the
last leg of the flight plan was selected.
• Enroute safe altitude (ESA) - The ESA is shown as nnnnnFT
• Destination sunrise and sunset times (SUNRISE, SUNSET) - These times are shown as hours:minutes
and are the local time at the destination.

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FUEL STATISTICS
The fuel statistics are calculated based on the selected starting and ending waypoints and the trip planning
inputs. Some of the calculated trip statistics are dashed when the selected leg of the active flight plan has
already been flown.
• Fuel efficiency (EFFICIENCY) - This value is calculated by dividing the current ground speed by the
current fuel flow.
• Time of fuel endurance (TOTAL ENDUR) - This time is shown as hours:minutes. This value is obtained
by dividing the amount of fuel on board by the current fuel flow.
• Fuel on board upon reaching end of selected leg (REM FUEL) - This value is calculated by taking the
amount of fuel onboard and subtracting the fuel required to reach the end of the selected leg.
• Fuel endurance remaining at end of selected leg (REM ENDUR) - This value is calculated by taking the time
of fuel endurance and subtracting the estimated time enroute to the end of the selected leg.
• Fuel required for trip (FUEL REQ) - This value is calculated by multiplying the time to go by the fuel
flow.
• Total range at entered fuel flow (TOTAL RANGE) - This value is calculated by multiplying the time of fuel
endurance by the ground speed.

OTHER STATISTICS
These statistics are calculated based on the system sensor inputs or the manual trip planning inputs.
• Density altitude (DENSITY ALT)
• True airspeed (TRUE AIRSPEED)
The pilot may select automatic (AUTO) or manual (MANUAL) page mode, and flight plan (FPL) or waypoint
(WPTS) mode. In automatic page mode, only the FPL, LEG, or waypoint IDs are editable (based on FPL/WPTS
selection).
Selected Flight Plan NN - Selected Leg(s)
00 is Active FPL Stored Flight Plan
01-99 are Stored FPLs - CUM: Beginning to End of FPL
- NN: Beginning to End of Selected Leg
Starting and Ending Waypoint Active Flight Plan
of Selected Flight Plan Segment - REM: Pres. Pos. to End of FPL
- NN: Pres. Pos. to End of Selected Leg
Figure 5-108 Trip Planning Page - Flight Plan Mode

Selected Flight Plan Selected Leg(s)

Not Available Not Available

Selected Starting and Ending Waypoints

Figure 5-109 Trip Planning Page - Waypoint Mode

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Selecting automatic or manual page mode:

Select the AUTO Softkey or the MANUAL Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Auto Mode’ or ‘Manual

Mode’, and press the ENT Key.
Selecting flight plan or waypoint mode:
Select the FPL Softkey or the WPTS Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Flight Plan Mode’ or ‘Waypoints

Mode’, and press the ENT Key.
Selecting a flight plan and leg for trip statistics:
1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor in the flight plan number field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired flight plan number.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘CUM’ or ‘REM’. The statistics for each leg can be viewed by turning the
small FMS Knob to select the desired leg. The Inset Map also displays the selected data.
Selecting waypoints for waypoint mode:
1) Select the WPTS Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Waypoints Mode’, and press the ENT Key. The
cursor is positioned in the waypoint field directly below the FPL field.
2) Turn the FMS knobs to select the desired waypoint (or select from the Page Menu ‘Set WPT to Present Position’
if that is what is desired), and press the ENT Key. The cursor moves to the second waypoint field.
3) Turn the FMS knobs to select the desired waypoint, and press the ENT Key. The statistics for the selected leg
are displayed.
In manual page mode, the other eight trip input data fields must be entered by the pilot, in addition to flight
plan and leg selection.
Entering manual data for trip statistics calculations:
1) Select the MANUAL Softkey or select ‘Manual Mode’ from the Page Menu, and press the ENT Key. The cursor
may now be positioned in any field in the top right two boxes.
2) Turn the FMS Knobs to move the cursor onto the DEP TIME field and enter the desired value. Press the ENT Key.
The statistics are calculated using the new value and the cursor moves to the next entry field. Repeat until all
desired values have been entered.

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WEIGHT PLANNING

NOTE: All weight planning page data fields displays data rounded to the nearest 10 pounds or 5 kilograms.

A/C Payload Calculator Fuel Weight Calculator

Basic Empty Weight Entry - - Zero Fuel Weight Calculation
Pilot and Stores Weight Entry - - Fuel on Board Entry (or sync)
Basic Operating Weight - Aircraft Weight Calculation
Calculation - - Estimated Landing Weight Calculation
Passenger(s) Weight Entry - - Estimated Landing Fuel Calculation
Cargo Weight Entry - - Fuel Reserve Entry
Zero Fuel Weight Calculation - - Excess Fuel Calculation

Empty Weight Softkey Fuel On Board Sync Softkey

(selects Basic Empty Weight) (sets FOB to sensor actual)

Figure 5-110 Weight Planning Page

Entering basic empty weight:

1) Select the EMPTY WT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Set Basic Empty Weight’, and press the ENT
Key to select the ‘BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT’ field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the basic empty weight.
3) Press the ENT Key to confirm the entry.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Entering a pilot and stores weight:

1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the ‘PILOT AND STORES’ field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the pilot and stores weight.
3) Press the ENT Key to confirm the entry.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
The basic operating weight is calculated by adding the basic empty weight and the pilot and stores weight.

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Entering the number of passengers:

1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the ‘PASSENGERS #’ field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the number of passengers.
3) Press the ENT Key to confirm the entry.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.

Entering the average passenger weight:

1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the passenger weight field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the average passenger weight.
3) Press the ENT Key to confirm the entry.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor
The total weight of passengers is calculated by multiplying the number of passengers by the average passenger
weight.
Entering the cargo weight:
1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the ‘CARGO’ field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the cargo weight.
3) Press the ENT Key to confirm the entry.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor
The ‘ZERO FUEL WEIGHT’ is calculated by adding the basic empty, pilot and stores, passenger, and cargo
weights.
Entering a fuel on board weight:
1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the ‘FUEL ON BOARD’ field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the fuel on board.
3) Press the ENT Key to confirm the entry.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor

Entering fuel reserve:

1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the ‘FUEL RESERVES’ field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the fuel reserves amount.
3) Press the ENT Key to confirm the entry.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor

Synchronizing the fuel on board with the actual measured fuel on board:
Select the FOB SYNC Softkey; or select the MENU Key, highlight ‘Synchronize Fuel on Board’, and press the
ENT Key. The actual measured fuel on board is displayed in the ‘FUEL ON BOARD’ field.

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When the aircraft is in the air and a destination waypoint has been entered, the fuel calculations can be
completed.
• Estimated landing weight = zero fuel weight + estimated landing fuel weight.
• Estimated landing fuel weight = fuel on board weight - (fuel flow x ETE)
• Excess fuel weight = estimated landing fuel weight - fuel reserves weight
If the aircraft is on the ground or a destination waypoint has not been entered, the following fields display
invalid values consisting of six dashes:
• Estimated landing weight
• Estimated landing fuel weight
• Excess fuel weight

WEIGHT CAUTION AND WARNING CONDITIONS

If the estimated landing fuel weight is positive, but less than or equal to the fuel reserves weight, the following
values are displayed in amber:
• Estimated fuel at landing weight
• Excess fuel weight
If the estimated landing fuel weight is zero or negative, then the following values are displayed in red:
• Estimated fuel at landing weight
• Excess fuel weight

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5.10 RAIM PREDICTION

RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) is a GPS receiver function that performs a consistency
check on all tracked satellites. RAIM ensures that the available satellite geometry allows the receiver to calculate
a position within a specified RAIM protection limit (2.0 nm for oceanic, 2.0 nm for enroute, 1.0 nm for terminal,
and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches). During oceanic, enroute, and terminal phases of flight, RAIM is
available nearly 100% of the time. The RAIM prediction function also indicates whether RAIM is available at a
specified date and time. RAIM computations predict satellite coverage within ±15 min of the specified arrival
date and time. Because of the tighter protection limit on approaches, there may be times when RAIM is not
available. RAIM prediction must be initiated manually if there is concern over SBAS coverage at the destination
or some other reason that compromises navigation precision. If RAIM is not predicted to be available for the
final approach course, the approach does not become active. If RAIM is not available when crossing the FAF, the
missed approach procedure must be flown.

RAIM PREDICTION Box

- Prediction Waypoint
- Arrival Time
- Arrival Date
- RAIM Status

RAIM Softkey SBAS Softkey

(displays RAIM (displays SBAS Selection)
PREDICTION)
Figure 5-111 RAIM Prediction

Predicting RAIM availability at a selected waypoint:

1) Select the AUX-GPS Status Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob. The RAIM Prediction ‘WAYPOINT’ field is highlighted.

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3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. (Turning it clockwise displays a blank
Waypoint Information Window, turning it counter-clockwise displays the Waypoint Information Window
with a waypoint selection submenu allowing selection of active flight plan, nearest, recent, user, or airway
waypoints).
4) Enter the identifier, facility, or city name of the departure waypoint; or select a waypoint from the submenu of
waypoints and press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint entry.
5) Turn the FMS Knobs to enter an arrival time and press the ENT Key.
6) Turn the FMS Knobs to enter an arrival date and press the ENT Key.
7) Press the ENT Key with ‘COMPUTE RAIM?’ highlighted to begin the computation.

Predicting RAIM availability at the aircraft present position:

1) Select the AUX-GPS Status Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob. The RAIM Prediction ‘WAYPOINT’ field is highlighted.
3) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Set WPT to Present Position’, and press the ENT Key.
4) Press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint entry.
5) Turn the FMS Knobs to enter an arrival time and press the ENT Key.
6) Turn the FMS Knobs to enter an arrival date and press the ENT Key.
7) Press the ENT Key with ‘COMPUTE RAIM?’ highlighted to begin the computation.
Status of the RAIM computation for the selected waypoint, time, and date is displayed at the bottom of the
RAIM PREDICTION Box as follows:
• ‘COMPUTE RAIM?’ - RAIM has not been computed.
• ‘COMPUTING AVAILABILITY’ - RAIM calculation is in progress.
• ‘RAIM AVAILABLE’ - RAIM is predicted to be available.
• ‘RAIM NOT AVAILABLE’ - RAIM is predicted to be unavailable.
The Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) provides increased navigation accuracy when available. SBAS
can be enabled or disabled manually on the GPS Status Page.

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SBAS Status

SBAS SELECTION Box

- EGNOS Enable/Disable
- MSAS Enable/Disable
- WAAS Enable/Disable

RAIM Softkey SBAS Softkey

(displays RAIM (displays SBAS Selection)
PREDICTION)
Figure 5-112 SBAS Display - Active

Enabling/Disabling SBAS:
1) Select the AUX-GPS Status Page.
2) Select the SBAS Softkey.
3) Press the FMS Knob, and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘EGNOS’, ‘MSAS’ or ‘WAAS’.
4) Press the ENT Key to disable SBAS. Press the ENT Key again to enable SBAS.

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SBAS Status

SBAS SELECTION Box

- EGNOS Enable/Disable
- MSAS Enable/Disable
- WAAS Enable/Disable

RAIM Softkey SBAS Softkey

(displays RAIM (displays SBAS Selection)
PREDICTION)
Figure 5-113 SBAS Display - Disabled

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5.11 NAVIGATING A FLIGHT PLAN

The following discussion is an example of navigating a flight plan with the SBAS capable GPS system while the
system provides vertical guidance through descents. A lateral flight plan (LNAV) would be navigated in much the
same way, but would not include vertical guidance when the final approach course is active.

NOTE: The following example flight plan is for instructional purposes only. All database information depicted
should be considered not current.
The example is a flight plan from KMKC to KCOS filed using the TIFTO2 departure, various Victor Airways,
and the DBRY1 arrival with the transition at TBE. The flight plan includes an enroute altitude of 12,000 feet, an
LPV (WAAS) approach selected for runway 35R, and a missed approach executed at the Missed Approach Point
(MAP). A few enroute changes are demonstrated.
1) Prior to departure, the TIFTO2 departure, the airways, and the DBRY1 arrival at KCOS are loaded. See the
Procedures section for loading departures and arrivals. Note the magenta arrow in Figure 5-114 indicating the
active departure leg.
After takeoff, ATC assigns a heading of 240º.
2) Figure 5-114 shows the aircraft on the assigned heading of 240º. ‘TERM’ (Terminal) is the current CDI flight
phase displayed on the HSI indicating 1.0 nm CDI scaling.

Figure 5-114 Assigned Heading of 240º

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3) ATC now assigns routing to join V4. A heading of 290º is assigned to intercept V4. The aircraft turns to heading
290° as seen in Figure 5-115.

Figure 5-115 Assigned Heading of 290º

4) Enter V4 into the flight plan.

a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.

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b) The desired entry point for V4 (TOP) must be entered. Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired
flight plan insertion point (SLN) as shown in Figure 5-116. When the V4 entry point (TOP) is inserted, it is
placed immediately above the highlighted waypoint (SLN).

Figure 5-116 Begin Adding V4 to the Flight Plan

c) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. Enter the desired entry point for
V4, Topeka VOR (TOP), as shown in Figure 5-117.

Figure 5-117 Entering V4 Entry Point

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d) Press the ENT Key. TOP is inserted into the flight plan as in Figure 5-118.

Figure 5-118 TOP Inserted into the Flight Plan

e) With SLN still highlighted as in Figure 5-118, turn the small FMS Knob clockwise. The Waypoint Information
Page is displayed and the LD AIRWY Softkey is now available.
f) Select the LD AIRWY Softkey to display the list of available airways for TOP as seen in Figure 5-119.

Figure 5-119 List of Available Airways for TOP

g) Turn either FMS Knob to highlight V4 in the list as seen in Figure 5-119.

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h) Press the ENT Key. The list of available exits for V4 is now displayed as in Figure 5-120.

Figure 5-120 List of Available Exits for V4

i) If necessary, turn either FMS Knob to select the desired exit. In this case Salina VOR (SLN) is selected as in
Figure 5-120.
j) Press the ENT Key. The selected airway and exit are displayed, and the prompt “LOAD?” highlighted as in
Figure 5-121.

Figure 5-121 Ready to Load V4

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k) Press the ENT Key.

l) V4 is now loaded into the flight plan as shown in Figure 5-122.

Figure 5-122 V4 is Loaded in the Flight Plan

5) Making V4 the active leg of the flight plan.

a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
b) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ULNAZ. The TO waypoint of the leg is selected in order to activate
the leg.
c) Select the ACT LEG Softkey. The confirmation window is now displayed as in Figure 5-123. Note the TOP
to ULNAZ leg is actually part of V4.

Figure 5-123 Comfirm Active Leg

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d) Verify the displayed leg is the desired leg and press the ENT Key. Note in Figure 5-124, the magenta arrow
in the flight plan window and magenta line on the map indicating V4 is now the active flight plan leg. Note
the phase of flight remained in Terminal (TERM) mode up to this point because a departure leg was active.
Since a leg after the departure is now active, the current CDI flight phase is ENR (Enroute) and CDI scaling
has changed to 2.0 nm.

Figure 5-124 V4 Now Active Leg

6) The aircraft continues on heading 290º. When crosstrack distance is less than 2.0 nm, the XTK disappears from
the HSI and the CDI is positioned on the last dot indicating a 2.0 nm distance from the centerline of the next
course.

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7) As the CDI approaches center, the aircraft turns onto the active leg as seen in Figure 5-125.

Figure 5-125 Turn on to Active Leg

8) At SLN, Victor Airway 244 (V244) is intercepted. Turn prompts are displayed in the PFD Navigation Status Box
as seen in Figure 5-126.

Figure 5-126 Turn to Intercept V244

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9) As seen in Figure 5-127, V244 is now the active flight plan leg.

Figure 5-127 V244 Now Active Leg

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10) At Lamar VOR (LAA) V263 is intercepted. See Figure 5-128.

Figure 5-128 WIZGE to LAA Leg Active

11) ATC grants clearance to proceed direct to the OPSHN intersection to begin the arrival procedure. ATC advises
to expect an altitude of 10,000 feet at OPSHN.
a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
b) Turn the large FMS Knob to select OPSHN in the flight plan list.

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c) Press the Direct-to ( ) Key. The Direct-to Window is now displayed as shown in Figure 5-129.

Figure 5-129 Direct To OPSHN

d) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the VNV altitude field as shown in Figure 5-130.

Figure 5-130 Enter VNV Altitude

e) An altitude of 10,000 feet is entered as requested by ATC.

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f) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed in the VNV offset field as shown in Figure 5-131.

Figure 5-131 Enter VNV Offset Distance

g) Enter the offset, or distance from the waypoint at which to reach the selected altitude. In this case, three
miles prior to OPSHN is entered. In other words, the system gives vertical guidance so the aircraft arrives
at an altitude of 10,000 feet three miles prior to OPSHN.

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h) Press the ENT Key twice to activate the direct-to. Note, in Figure 5-132, the magenta arrow indicating
the direct-to OPSHN after the offset waypoint for OPSHN. The preceding offset waypoint indicates the
offset distance and altitude that were previously entered. The remaining waypoints in the loaded arrival
procedure have no database specified altitudes, therefore, dashes are displayed. Keep the CDI centered
and maintain a track along the magenta line to OPSHN.
Note the Direct-to waypoint is within the loaded arrival procedure, therefore, phase of flight scaling for the

CDI changes to Terminal Mode and is annunciated by displaying ‘TERM’ on the HSI.

Figure 5-132 Direct-to Active

12) The aircraft is proceeding to OPSHN. The expected approach is the RNAV LPV approach to runway 35R, so it is
selected.
a) Press the PROC Key to display the Procedures Window.

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b) ‘SELECT APPROACH’ should be highlighted as shown in Figure 5-133.

Figure 5-133 Procedures Window

c) Press the ENT Key. A list of available approaches for the destination airport is displayed as in Figure 5-134.

Figure 5-134 List of Available Approaches

d) Turn either FMS Knob to select the LPV approach for 35R as shown in Figure 5-134.

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e) Press the ENT Key. A list of available transitions for the selected approach is displayed as in Figure 5-135.

Figure 5-135 List of Available Transitions

f) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired transition. In this case, the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) at HABUK
is used.
g) Press the ENT Key.
h) Barometric Minimums
To set ‘MINIMUMS’, turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘BARO’, and press the ENT Key. Turn the small

FMS Knob to select the altitude, and press the ENT Key.
Or:
To skip setting minimums, press the ENT Key.


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Figure 5-136 Barometric Minimums Set

i) With ‘LOAD?’ highlighted, again press the ENT Key. The selected approach is added to the flight plan as
seen in Figure 5-137.

Figure 5-137 Loaded Approach

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13) Note the altitude constraints associated with each of the approach waypoints as seen in Figure 5-138. These
altitudes are loaded from the database and are displayed as cyan text, indicating these values are “designated”
for use in computing vertical deviation guidance.
Note: To no longer use the displayed altitude for calculating vertical deviation guidance, perform the

following:
a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
b) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight the desired altitude.
c) Press the CLR Key.
d) Press the FMS Knob to deactivate the cursor.
After making the altitude “non-designated”, it is displayed as white text.
Altitude constraint values associated with the Final Approach Fix (FAF) and waypoints beyond the FAF
cannot be designated for vertical guidance. These altitude values are always displayed as white text, as in
Figure 5-138. Vertical guidance from the FAF and on to the Missed Approach Point (MAP) is given using
the SBAS GPS altitude source, therefore, the displayed altitude values are for reference only.

Figure 5-138 Vertical Guidance is Active to the FAF

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14) As the aircraft approaches OPSHN, it may be desirable to adjust the speed, or steepness of the upcoming
descent. The default Flight Path Angle (FPA) is -3.0 degrees and a required vertical speed is computed to
maintain the -3.0 FPA. To change the vertical flight path, perform the following steps.
a) Select the VNV PROF Softkey to place the cursor in the target vertical speed field (VS TGT) as shown in
Figure 5-139.
b) At this point, the descent vertical speed can be selected, or the FPA can be selected. Turn the large FMS
Knob to select the desired selection field, then turn the small FMS Knob to enter the desired value.

Note the information now displayed in the ‘CURRENT VNV PROFILE’ box. Also, note the offset waypoint
(orange box) and gray circle are now displayed on the map. The gray circle marks the Top of Descent (TOD).
In this example, vertical guidance is provided at the TOD that results in a -3.0 degree FPA descent to an
altitude of 10,000 feet upon reaching the offset waypoint.

Figure 5-139 Adjusting the Descent

c) Press the ENT Key.

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15) As seen in Figure 5-140, the aircraft is approaching TOD. Note the target vertical speed required to reached
the selected altitude. The Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) and the Required Vertical Speed Indicator (RVSI) are
now displayed on the PFD as shown in Figure 5-141. When the aircraft is within one minute of the TOD, it is
annunciated as shown in Figure 5-141, and an aural alert ‘Vertical track’ will be heard.

Figure 5-140 Approaching Top of Descent (TOD)

Target Altitude

Vertical Deviation
Indicator (VDI)

Required Vertical
Speed Indicator
(RVSI)

Figure 5-141 VDI & RVSI When Approaching Top of Descent (TOD)

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16) Upon reaching TOD, a descent vertical speed is established by placing the VSI pointer in line with the RVSI as
shown in Figure 5-142.

Keep Vertical Deviation

Indicator Centered Align Actual Vertical Speed
with
Required Vertical Speed

Figure 5-142 VDI & RVSI Showing Correctly Established Descent

17) When the aircraft is one minute from the bottom of descent (BOD) it is annunciated as shown in Figure 5-143.
Upon reaching the offset waypoint for OPSHN, the aircraft is at 10,000 feet.

Figure 5-143 Approaching Bottom of Descent (BOD) at OPSHN Offset Waypoint

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18) The aircraft is approaching OPSHN. The upcoming turn and next heading are annunciated at the top left of the
PFD as seen in Figure 5-144. Initiate the turn and maneuver the aircraft on a track through the turn radius to
intercept the magenta line for the OPSHN to FSHER leg and center the CDI.

Figure 5-144 Turn to intercept OPSHN to FSHER Leg

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19) After passing OPSHN, the next leg of the arrival turns magenta as shown in Figure 5-145. The magenta arrow
in the flight plan list now indicates the OPSHN to FSHER leg of the arrival procedure is now active.

Figure 5-145 Tracking the OPSHN to FSHER Leg

20) The flight continues through the arrival procedure to PYNON (see Figure 5-146). At a point 31 nm from the
destination airport, the phase of flight scaling for the CDI changes to Terminal Mode and is annunciated by
displaying ‘TERM’ on the HSI.
A descent to HABUK is in the next leg. Note the TOD point on the map. Annunciations for the upcoming turn
and descent, as well as the VDI and RVSI, appear on the PFD as the flight progresses.

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Figure 5-146 Approaching PYNON

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21) Upon passing PYNON the approach procedure automatically becomes active. The approach may be activated
at any point to proceed directly to the IAF. In this example, the aircraft has progressed through the final
waypoint of the arrival and the flight plan has automatically sequenced to the IAF as the active leg, activating
the approach procedure (see Figure 5-147).

Figure 5-147 Approach is Now Active

Note: To manually activate the approach procedure, perform the following steps:
a) Press the PROC Key.
b) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘ACTIVATE APPROACH’ as shown in Figure 5-148.
c) Press the ENT Key to activate the approach.

Figure 5-148 Manually Activate Approach

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22) The IAF is the next waypoint. At the TOD, establish a descent vertical speed as previously discussed in Step 16.
The aircraft altitude is 9,000 feet upon reaching HABUK.

Figure 5-149 Descending Turn to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF)

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23) After crossing FALUR the next waypoint is the FAF. The flight phase changes to LPV on the HSI indicating the
current phase of flight is in Approach Mode and the approach type is LPV. CDI scaling changes accordingly and is
used much like a localizer when flying an ILS approach. The RVSI is no longer displayed and the VDI changes to
the Glidepath Indicator (as shown in Figure 5-150) when the final approach course becomes active.

Figure 5-150 Descending to the FAF

The descent continues through the FAF (CEGIX) using the Glidepath Indicator, as one would use a glideslope

indicator, to obtain an altitude “AT” 7,800 feet at the FAF. Note the altitude restriction lines over and under (At)
the altitude in the ‘ALT’ field in Figure 5-150.

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24) After crossing CEGIX, the aircraft continues following the glidepath to maintain the descent to “AT or ABOVE”
6,370 feet at the Missed Approach Point (MAP) (RW35R) as seen in Figure 5-151.

Figure 5-151 Descending to the Missed Approach Point

 In this missed approach procedure, the altitude immediately following the MAP (in this case ‘6368ft’) is not
part of the published procedure. It is simply a Course to Altitude (CA) leg which guides the aircraft along
the runway centerline until the altitude required to safely make the first turn toward the MAHP is exceeded.
This altitude is provided by Jeppesen, and may be below, equal to, or above the published minimums for
this approach. In this case, if the aircraft altitude is below the specified altitude (6,368 feet) after crossing
the MAP, a direct-to is established to provide a course on runway heading until an altitude of 6,368 feet is
reached. After reaching 6,368 feet, a direct-to is established to the published MAHP (in this case MOGAL).
If the aircraft altitude is above the specified altitude after crossing the MAP, a direct-to is established to the
published fix (MOGAL) to begin the missed approach procedure.
In some missed approach procedures this Course to Altitude leg may be part of the published procedure.

For example, a procedure may dictate a climb to 5,500 feet, then turn left and proceed to the Missed
Approach Hold Point (MAHP). In this case, the altitude would appear in the list of waypoints as ‘5500ft’.
Again, if the aircraft altitude is lower than the prescribed altitude, a direct-to is established on a Course to
Altitude leg when the missed approach procedure is activated.

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25) Upon reaching the MAP, it is decided to execute a missed approach. Automatic waypoint sequencing is
suspended past the MAP. Press the SUSP Softkey on the PFD to resume automatic waypoint sequencing
through the missed approach procedure.

A direct-to is initiated to MOGAL, which is the Missed Approach Hold Point (MAHP) as seen in Figure
5-151. The aircraft is climbing to 10,000 feet. The CDI flight phase now changes from LPV to MAPR as
seen on the HSI.

Figure 5-152 Missed Approach Active

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26) The aircraft continues climbing to “AT or ABOVE” 10,000 feet at MOGAL. A holding pattern is established at
the MAHP (MOGAL) as shown in Figure 5-153.

Figure 5-153 Establishing the Holding Pattern

27) The aircraft maintains 10,000 feet while following the magenta line through the hold as in Figure 5-154.

Figure 5-154 Hold Established

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5.12 ABNORMAL OPERATION

This section discusses the Dead Reckoning mode of operation and the subsequent indications.

NOTE: Dead Reckoning Mode only functions in Enroute (ENR) or Oceanic (OCN) phase of flight. In all other
phases, an invalid GPS solution produces a “NO GPS POSITION” annunciation on the map and the system
stops using GPS.
While in Enroute or Oceanic phase of flight, if the system detects an invalid GPS solution or is unable to
calculate a GPS position, the system automatically reverts to Dead Reckoning (DR) Mode. In DR Mode, the system
uses its last-known position combined with continuously updated airspeed and heading data (when available) to
calculate and display the aircraft’s current estimated position.
It is important to note that estimated navigation data supplied by the system in DR Mode may become increasingly
unreliable and must not be used as a sole means of navigation. If while in DR Mode airspeed and/or heading data
is also lost or not available, the DR function may not be capable of accurately tracking estimated position and,
consequently, the system may display a path that is different than the actual movement of the aircraft. Estimated
position information displayed through DR while there is no heading and/or airspeed data available should not
be used for navigation.
DR Mode is inherently less accurate than the standard GPS/SBAS Mode due to the lack of satellite measurements
needed to determine a position. Changes in wind speed and/or wind direction compound the relative inaccuracy
of DR Mode. Because of this degraded accuracy, other navigation equipment must be relied upon for position
awareness until GPS-derived position data is restored.
DR Mode is indicated by the appearance of the letters ‘DR’ superimposed in amber over the ‘own aircraft’ symbol
as shown in Figure 5-155. In addition, ‘DR’ is prominently displayed in amber on the HSI slightly above and to
the right of the aircraft symbol on the CDI as shown in Figure 5-155. Also, the CDI deviation bar is removed from
the display. Lastly, but at the same time, a ‘GPS NAV LOST’ alert message appears on the PFD. Normal navigation
using GPS/SBAS source data resumes automatically once a valid GPS solution is restored.
As a result of operating in DR Mode, all GPS-derived data is computed based upon an estimated position and
is displayed as amber text on the display to denote degraded navigation source information as shown in Figure
5-155.
Also, while the system is in DR Mode, the autopilot does not couple to GPS, and TAWS is disabled. Additionally,
the accuracy of all nearest information (airports, airspaces, and waypoints) is questionable. Finally, airspace alerts
continue to function, but with degraded accuracy.

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Distance &
Bearing

Ground
Speedr
Dead Reckoning
Annunciation
Wind Data
GPS Navigation
Lost Message
Current
Track
Indicator

Bearing Pointer/
Distance
Navigation Data Bar
All data except Active Leg, Wind Data
TAS, and DTK are in amber

Dead Reckoning
Annunciation
Subdued Aircraft
Symbol

Figure 5-155 Dead Reckoning Mode - GPS Derived Data Shown in Amber

NOTE: The Inset Map is removed from the PFD any time aircraft pitch is greater than +30° or less than –20°,
or when a 65° bank angle is reached.

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SECTION 6 HAZARD AVOIDANCE

Hazard avoidance features available for the Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 are designed to aid situational awareness
and provide advisory information with regard to potential hazards to flight safety associated with weather, terrain,
and air traffic.
Weather
• GDL 69A SiriusXM Weather (Subscription Optional)
• GSR 56 Garmin Connext Weather (Subscription Optional)
• GWX 68/70 Airborne Color Weather Radar
Terrain Avoidance
• Terrain Awareness and Warning System - Class B (TAWS-B)
• Terrain Awareness and Warning System - Class A (TAWS-A) (Optional)
Traffic
• Traffic Information Service (TIS)
• ACSS TCAS 3000SP™ Traffic Alert and Collision and Avoidance System II (TCAS II) (Optional)

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6.1 SIRIUSXM WEATHER

WARNING: Do not use data link weather information for maneuvering in, near, or around areas of hazardous
weather. Information contained within data link weather products may not accurately depict current
weather conditions.

WARNING: Do not use the indicated data link weather product age to determine the age of the weather
information shown by the data link weather product. Due to time delays inherent in gathering and processing
weather data for data link transmission, the weather information shown by the data link weather product
may be significantly older than the indicated weather product age.

The GDL 69A is a remote-mounted satellite data link receiver which provides SiriusXM Weather information.
The system shows received graphical weather information and associated text on the Multi Function Display
(MFD) and the Primary Flight Display (PFD) Inset Map. The GDL 69A can also receive SiriusXM Satellite
Radio entertainment services. Both weather data and audio entertainment programming operate in the S-band
frequency range to provide continuous reception capabilities at any altitude throughout North America.
Both services are subscription-based. For more information on specific service packages, visit www.siriusxm.
com.

ACTIVATING SERVICES
Before SiriusXM Weather can be used, the service must be activated. Service is activated by providing
SiriusXM with coded IDs unique to the installed GDL 69A. SiriusXM Satellite Radio (audio) and SiriusXM
Weather (data) services each have coded IDs. The Data and Audio Radio IDs must be provided to SiriusXM to
activate the weather service and entertainment subscriptions, respectively. These IDs are located on:
• The XM Information Page on the MFD (Figure 6-1)
• The XM Satellite Radio Activation Instructions included with the GDL 69A.
• The label on the back of the Data Link Receiver
Contact the installer if the Audio and Data Radio IDs cannot be located.
SiriusXM uses the coded IDs to send an activation signal that allows the system to provide weather data and/
or audio entertainment programming provided through the GDL 69A.
Establishing an account for SiriusXM services:
1) Select the XM Radio Page in the Auxiliary Page Group.
2) Select the INFO Softkey to display the AUX - XM Information Page.
3) Note the Data Radio ID (for SiriusXM Weather) and/or the Audio Radio ID (for SiriusXM Satellite Radio).
4) Contact SiriusXM customer service through the phone number listed on its website.
5) Provide SiriusXM customer service the Data Radio ID and/or Audio Radio ID, in addition to payment information,
and desired weather product subscription package.

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Activating the SiriusXM Weather service:

1) Once a SiriusXM Weather account has been established, select the XM Page in the Auxiliary Page Group.
2) Select the INFO Softkey to display the XM Information Page.
3) Observe the list of Weather Products. A white empty box appears next to an unavailable weather product; a
green filled box appears next to an available weather product. During activation, it may take several minutes
for weather products in the chosen subscription package to become available.
4) When the available weather products displayed match the weather products offered in the chosen SiriusXM
Weather product subscription package, press the LOCK Softkey.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘YES’.
6) To complete activation, press the ENT Key.

Data Radio ID Audio Radio ID

(for SiriusXM (for SiriusXM
Weather) Satellite Radio)

Weather Products
(Available Products
for Service Class
Indicated in Green)

Select to Lock
Select to Display XM Subscription
Information page Information
Figure 6-1 XM Information Page

USING SIRIUSXM WEATHER PRODUCTS

The principal map page for viewing SiriusXM Weather data is the Weather Data Link (XM) Page in the Map
Page Group. This is the only map display capable of showing information for all available SiriusXM Weather
products.
Viewing the Weather Data Link (XM) Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Weather Data Link (XM or CNXT) Page.
3) If the page title contains ‘CNXT’, it will be necessary to change the data link weather source from Garmin
Connext to SiriusXM Weather. Refer to the next procedure to change the source.

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Changing the data link weather source (SiriusXM or Garmin Connext):

1) If necessary, turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) If necessary, turn the small FMS Knob to select the Weather Data Link (XM or CNXT) Page.
3) Press the MENU Key.
4) If necessary, turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘Display XM Weather’ or ‘Display Connext Weather’ and press
the ENT Key. Weather Data Link Page title and softkeys change to correspond to selected data link weather
source.

NEXRAD
Weather
Product Symbol
and Product
Ages (U.S. and
Canada)

NEXRAD
Weather Product
Selected for
Display
Figure 6-2 Weather Data Link (XM) Page

For each enabled SiriusXM Weather product, the system displays a weather product icon and product age.
The product age is the elapsed time (in minutes) since the weather data provider compiled the weather product.
The product age display does not indicate the age of the information contained within the weather product,
which can be significantly older than the displayed weather product age.
The SiriusXM Weather service broadcasts weather products at specific intervals (defined in the Broadcast
Rate column in Table 6-1). If for any reason, a product is not broadcast within the Expiration Time intervals
(see Table 6-1), the system removes the expired data from the display, and shows dashes instead of the product
age. This ensures the displayed information is consistent with what is currently being transmitted by the
SiriusXM Weather service. If more than half of the expiration time has elapsed, the color of the product age
changes to amber. If data for a weather product is not available, the system displays ‘N/A’ next to the weather
product symbol instead of the product age.
Table 6-1 shows the weather product symbols, the expiration times and the broadcast rates. The broadcast
rate represents the interval at which the SiriusXM Weather service transmits new signals that may or may not
contain updated weather products. It does not represent the rate at which the weather information is updated

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or when the Data Link Receiver receives new data. SiriusXM and its weather data suppliers define and control
the data update intervals, which are subject to change.

Product Expiration Time Broadcast Rate

SiriusXM Weather Product
Symbol (Minutes) (Minutes)
5 (U.S.)
Next-generation Radar (NEXRAD) 30
10 (Canada)
Cloud Top (CLD TOP) 60 15

Echo Top (ECHO TOP) 30 7.5

SiriusXM Lightning (XM LTNG) 30 5

Cell Movement (CELL MOV) 30 12

SIGMETs/AIRMETs (SIG/AIR) 60 12

Meteorological Aerodrome Report

90 12
(METARs)

City Forecast (CITY) 90 12

Surface Analysis (SFC) 60 12

Freezing Levels (FRZ LVL) 120 12

Winds Aloft (WIND) 90 12

County Warnings (COUNTY) 60 5

Cyclone Warnings (CYCLONE) 60 12

Icing Potential (CIP and SLD) (ICNG) 90 22

Pilot Weather Report (PIREPs) 90 12

Air Report (AIREPs) 90 12

Turbulence (TURB) 180 12

No Radar Coverage no product image 30 5

Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) no product image 60 12
Terminal Aerodrome Reports (TAFs) no product image 60 12

Table 6-1 SiriusXM Weather Product Symbols and Data Timing

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Table 6-2 shows which SiriusXM Weather products can be displayed (indicated with a ‘+’ symbol) on specific
maps.

Navigation Map Page

Weather Information

Nearest Page Group

AUX - Trip Planning
Weather Data Link

Flight Plan Pages

SYS Page Group
PFD Inset Map

(XM) Page

Page

Page
SiriusXM Weather Product

NEXRAD + + + + + + +
No Radar Coverage + + + + + + +
Cloud Top (CLD TOP) +
Echo Top (ECHO TOP) +
SiriusXM Lightning (XM LTNG) + + + + + + +
Cell Movement (CELL MOV) + + + + + + +
SIGMETs/AIRMETs (SIG/AIR) +
METAR + + + + + + + +
City Forecast (CITY) +
Surface Analysis (SFC) +
Freezing Levels (FRZ LVL) +
Winds Aloft (WIND) +* +
County Warnings (COUNTY) +
Cyclone Warnings (CYCLONE) +
Icing Potential (ICNG) +
PIREPs +
AIREPs +
Turbulence (TURB) +
TFRs + + + + + + + +
TAFs + +
* Winds Aloft data on the Navigation Map Page available inside the Profile View Window.
Table 6-2 SiriusXM Weather Product Display Maps

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Softkeys control the display of weather information on most MFD pages and the PFD Inset Map (Figure
6-3 shows the weather product softkeys for the Weather Data Link (XM) Page). When a weather product is
selected for display, the corresponding softkey label changes to gray to indicate the product is enabled.
SYSTEM CPDLC NEXRAD-C ECHO TOP CLD TOP XM LTNG CELL MOV SIG/AIR METAR LEGEND MORE WX CHKLIST

CYCLONE SFC OFF FRZ LVL WIND OFF ICNG OFF TURB OFF AIREPS PIREPS COUNTY BACK

SFC Softkey label changes

to reflect current selection.
WIND/ICNG/TURB Softkey labels Select the BACK Softkey
change to reflect current selection. to move up one level.
OFF CURRENT 12 HR 24 HR 36 HR 48 HR LEGEND BACK

PREV and NEXT Softkeys cycle through Winds Aloft,

Icing, and Turbulence altitude selection softkeys.
PREV OFF SFC 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 NEXT LEGEND BACK

PREV OFF 18000 21000 24000 27000 30000 33000 NEXT LEGEND BACK

PREV OFF 36000 39000 42000 NEXT LEGEND BACK

PREV OFF 1000 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 NEXT LEGEND BACK

PREV OFF 18000 21000 24000 27000 30000 NEXT LEGEND BACK

PREV OFF 21000 24000 27000 30000 33000 36000 NEXT LEGEND BACK

PREV OFF 39000 42000 45000 NEXT LEGEND BACK

Figure 6-3 Weather Data Link (XM) Page Weather Product Softkeys

Displaying SiriusXM Weather products on the PFD Inset Map:

1) On the PFD, press the INSET Softkey (in non-TCAS II installations) or the TRFC/MAP Softkey (TCAS II
installations).
2) If the PFD Inset Map is showing the traffic map, press the TFRC-2 Softkey to display the navigation map.
3) Press the desired weather product softkey(s) to enable/disable the display of SiriusXM Weather products on the
Inset Map.
4) To display or remove the weather product icon and age box for displayed weather products on the inset map,
press the WX LGND Softkey.

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The setup menus for the Navigation Map Page and the Weather Data Link (XM) Page control the map range
settings above which weather products data are decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than the
weather product map range setting is selected, the weather product data is removed from the map. The menus
also provide the ability to enable/disable the display of weather products, and provide the equivalent to using
the softkeys.
Setting up and customizing the Weather Data Link (XM) Page:
1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Weather Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-4).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘PRODUCT GROUP 1’ or ‘PRODUCT GROUP 2’, and press the ENT Key (Figure
6-5).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections.
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options for each product (ON/OFF, maximum map range settings,
etc.).
7) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Weather Data Link (XM) Page with the changed settings.

Figure 6-4 Weather Data Link (XM) Page Menu Figure 6-5 Weather Data Link (XM)
Page Setup Menu

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Restoring default Weather Data Link (XM) Page settings:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘Weather Setup’, then press the ENT Key.
4) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘PRODUCT GROUP 1’ or ‘PRODUCT GROUP 2’, then press the ENT Key.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight an individual setting or product group to restore.
6) Press the MENU Key.
7) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Restore Selection Default’ or ‘Restore All Defaults’ (to restore all settings in the
selected product group), then press the ENT Key.
Maps besides the Weather Data Link (XM) Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map
Page.
Setting up and customizing weather data for the Navigation Map Page:
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-6).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Weather’ Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-7).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections (Figure 6-8).
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options for each product (ON/OFF, maximum map range settings).
7) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.

Figure 6-6 Navigation Map Page Menu

Figure 6-7 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-8 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Weather Group
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If multiple data link weather services are installed, such as the optional GSR 56 Garmin Connext Weather
service, customizing the display settings for the corresponding weather products shown in Table 6-3 will result
in identical settings for a comparable weather product from another service provider.

Garmin Connext Weather

SiriusXM Weather Product
Product (CNXT)
Next-generation Radar Precipitation
(NEXRAD) (PRECIP)
Cloud Top Infrared Satellite
(CLD TOP) (IR SAT)
SiriusXM Lightning Garmin Connext Data Link
(XM LTNG) Lightning (DL LTNG)
SIGMETs/AIRMETs SIGMETs/AIRMETs
(SIG/AIR) (SIG/AIR)
Meteorological Aerodrome Report Meteorological Aerodrome Report
(METARs) (METARs)
Winds Aloft Winds Aloft
(WIND) (WIND)
Pilot Weather Report Pilot Weather Report
(PIREPs) (PIREPs)

Table 6-3 Corresponding Weather Data Link Product Settings

Each active weather product has an associated legend which can be displayed on the Weather Data Link (XM)
Page and on most MFD pages displaying a navigation map.
Viewing legends for displayed weather products (on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page):
1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the LEGEND Softkey to display the legends for the displayed weather products.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key.
b) Select ‘Weather Legend’ and press the ENT Key.
3) Turn the FMS Knob to scroll through the legends if more are available than fit in the window.
4) To remove the XM Weather Legends Window, select the LEGEND Softkey, or press the ENT or the CLR Keys, or
press the FMS Knob.
Viewing legends for displayed weather products (on the Navigation Map Page):
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Select the MAP Softkey.
3) Select the LEGEND Softkey (available if one or more SiriusXM Weather products are enabled for display).
4) To remove the Legend Window, select the LEGEND Softkey, or press the ENT or the CLR Keys, or press the FMS
Knob.

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Additional information about the following can be displayed by panning over the display on the map:
• Echo Tops • METARs
• Cloud Tops • County Warnings
• Cell Movement • TFRs
• SIGMETs • AIREPs
• AIRMETs • PIREPs

The map panning feature is enabled by pressing the Joystick. The map range is adjusted by turning the
Joystick. If the map range is adjusted while panning is enabled, the map is re-centered on the Map Pointer.
Additional
Information
on Weather
Feature
Selected with
Map Pointer

Flash Flood
Warning
Selected with
Map Pointer

Figure 6-9 Panning on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page

NEXRAD

NOTE: NEXRAD cannot be displayed simultaneously with terrain, echo tops, turbulence, or airborne weather
radar data on the same map.
The National Weather Service (NWS) operates the WSR-88D, or NEXRAD (NEXt-generation RADar)
system, an extensive network of 156 high-resolution Doppler radar systems. The NEXRAD network provides
centralized meteorological information for the continental United States and selected overseas locations. The
maximum range of a single NEXRAD site is 250 nm.
Individual NEXRAD sites supply the network with radar images, and the images from each radar site may
arrive at the network at different rates and times. Periodically, the weather data provider compiles the available
individual site images from the network to form a composite image, and assigns a single time to indicate when

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it created the image. This image becomes the NEXRAD weather product. Individual images--gathered from
each NEXRAD site--differ in age, and are always older than the displayed NEXRAD weather product age. The
data provider then sends the NEXRAD data to the SiriusXM Weather service, whose satellites transmit this
information during the next designated refresh time for the NEXRAD weather product.
Because of the time required to detect, assemble, and distribute the NEXRAD weather product, the displayed
weather information contained within the product may be significantly older than the current radar synopsis
and may not depict the current weather conditions. The NEXRAD weather product should never be used as a
basis for maneuvering in, near, or around areas of hazardous weather regardless of the information it contains.

Figure 6-10 NEXRAD Data on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page

Displaying NEXRAD weather information:

1) Select the MAP Softkey. This step is not applicable on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the NEXRAD-C Softkey.
For radar sites in the United States, the NEXRAD weather product shows a composite reflectivity image.
This shows the highest radar energy received from multiple antenna tilt angles at various altitudes. For radar
sites based in Canada, the NEXRAD weather product shows radar returns from the lowest antenna tilt angle,
known as base reflectivity. The display of the information is color-coded to indicate the intensity of the echoes
and the type of precipitation, if known.

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No Radar Coverage
Figure 6-11 NEXRAD Legend

The display of no radar coverage is always active when either NEXRAD or Echo Tops is enabled. Areas
where NEXRAD radar coverage and Echo Tops information are not currently available or are not being
collected are indicated in gray shade of purple.

Reflectivity
Reflectivity is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver. Colors on the NEXRAD
display are directly correlative to the level of detected reflectivity. Reflectivity as it relates to hazardous
weather can be very complex.
The role of radar is essentially to detect moisture in the atmosphere. Simply put, certain types of weather
reflect radar better than others. The intensity of a radar reflection is not necessarily an indication of the
weather hazard level. For instance, wet hail returns a strong radar reflection, while dry hail does not. Both
wet and dry hail can be extremely hazardous.
The different NEXRAD echo intensities are measured in decibels (dB) relative to reflectivity (Z). NEXRAD
measures the radar reflectivity ratio, or the energy reflected back to the radar receiver (designated by the
letter Z). The value of Z increases as the returned signal strength increases.

NEXRAD Limitations
NEXRAD radar images may have certain limitations:
• Undetermined precipitation types may be displayed as mixed.
• An individual NEXRAD site cannot depict high altitude storms at close ranges. It has no information
about storms directly over the site.
• Precipitation may be occurring below the lowest antenna tilt angle (0.5º), and therefore the radar beam
overshoots the precipitation. For example, at a distance of 124 miles from the radar site, the radar beam
is approximately 18,000 feet above the radar site. The radar cannot detect any precipitation occurring
below the beam at this distance and altitude.
• When zoomed in to a range of 30 nm, each square block on the display represents an area of four square
kilometers. The intensity level reflected by each square represents the highest level of NEXRAD data
sampled within the area (Figure 6-12).
• Unknown precipitation below 52ºN is displayed as rain regardless of actual precipitation type.

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Block Area is 4 km2

Figure 6-12 NEXRAD Data - Zoomed

The following may cause abnormalities in displayed NEXRAD radar images:

• Ground clutter
• Strobes and spurious radar data
• Sun strobes (when the radar antenna points directly at the sun)
• Interference from buildings or mountains, which may cause shadows
• Metallic dust (chaff) from military aircraft, which can cause alterations in radar scans

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NEXRAD Limitations (Canada)

• Radar coverage extends to 55ºN.
• Any precipitation displayed between 52ºN and 55ºN is displayed as mixed regardless of actual precipitation
type.
• Below 52ºN, if the type of precipitation is unavailable, the system displays the precipitation using the
color codes associated with rain.
No Coverage Above 55ºN

Precipitation
Above 52ºN
Displays as
Mixed

Figure 6-13 NEXRAD Data - Canada

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ECHO TOPS

NOTE: Echo Tops cannot be displayed at the same time as Cloud Tops or NEXRAD data on the Weather Data
Link (XM) Page.
The Echo Tops weather product (Figure 6-14) shows the location, elevation, and direction of the highest
radar echo. The highest radar echo does not indicate the top of a storm or clouds; rather it indicates the
highest altitude at which precipitation is detected. Information is derived from NEXRAD data.

Figure 6-14 Echo Tops Weather Product

Displaying Echo Tops information:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the ECHO TOP Softkey.
To display the Echo Tops legend (Figure 6-15), select the LEGEND Softkey when Echo Tops is selected for
display. Since Echo Tops and Cloud Tops use the same color scaling to represent altitude, display of these
weather products is mutually exclusive. When Echo Tops is enabled on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page,
the system disables the NEXRAD and Cloud Tops weather products.

No Radar Coverage

Figure 6-15 Echo Tops Legend

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The display of No Radar Coverage is always active when either NEXRAD or Echo Tops is enabled. Areas
where NEXRAD radar coverage and Echo Tops information is not currently available or is not being collected
are indicated in gray shade of purple.

CLOUD TOPS

NOTE: Cloud Tops and Echo Tops cannot be displayed at the same time on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.

The Cloud Tops weather product (Figure 6-16) depicts cloud top altitudes as determined from satellite
imagery.

Figure 6-16 Cloud Tops Weather Product

Displaying Cloud Tops information:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the CLD TOP Softkey.
To display the Cloud Tops legend (Figure 6-17), select the LEGEND Softkey when Cloud Tops is selected for
display. Since Cloud Tops and Echo Tops use the same color scaling to represent altitude, display of these
weather products is mutually exclusive. When Cloud Tops is activated on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page,
the system disables the Echo Tops weather product.

Figure 6-17 Cloud Tops Legend

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SIRIUSXM LIGHTNING
The SiriusXM Lightning weather product (Figure 6-18) shows the approximate location of cloud-to-ground
lightning strikes. A strike icon represents a strike that has occurred within a two-kilometer region. The exact
location of the lightning strike is not displayed.

Lightning
Strikes

Figure 6-18 SiriusXM Lightning Weather Product

Displaying SiriusXM Lightning information:

1) Select the MAP Softkey. This step is not necessary on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the XM LTNG Softkey.
To display the SiriusXM Lightning legend on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page (Figure 6-19), select the
LEGEND Softkey when SiriusXM Lightning is selected for display.

Figure 6-19 Lightning Legend

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CELL MOVEMENT
The Cell Movement weather product (Figure 6-20) shows the location and movement of storm cells as
identified by the ground-based system. Cells are represented by orange squares, with direction of movement
indicated with short, orange arrows.

Storm Cells

Figure 6-20 Cell Movement Weather Product

On most applicable maps, Cell Movement appears when the NEXRAD weather product is enabled. On
the Weather Data Link (XM) Page, Cell Movement data can be selected independently from NEXRAD. Cell
Movement data can be displayed on the following maps:
• PFD Inset Map • AUX - Trip Planning Page
• Navigation Map • Nearest Pages

Displaying Cell Movement information:

1) Select the MAP Softkey. This step is not necessary on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the NEXRAD Softkey (CEL MOV Softkey on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page). For Cell Movement to
be displayed on maps other than the Weather Data Link (XM) Page, Cell Movement must be enabled in the
Navigation Map Setup Menu (see the procedure ‘Setting up and customizing weather data for the Navigation
Map Page’).
To display the Cell Movement legend on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page, (Figure 6-21), select the
LEGEND Softkey when Cell Movement is selected for display.

Figure 6-21 Cell Movement Legend

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SIGMETS AND AIRMETS

The National Weather Service (NWS) issues SIGMETs (SIGnificant METeorological Information) and
AIRMETs (AIRmen’s METeorological Information) for potentially hazardous weather. The NWS issues
Convective SIGMETs for hazardous convective weather such as severe or widespread thunderstorms. A
localized SIGMET indicates a SIGMET affecting a small geographic area.

AIRMET IFR

AIRMET Turbulence

Figure 6-22 SIGMET/AIRMET Data

Displaying SIGMETs and AIRMETs:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the SIG/AIR Softkey.
3) To view the text of the SIGMET or AIRMET, press the Joystick and move the Map Pointer over the icon.
4) Press the ENT key. Figure 6-23 shows sample SIGMET text.
To display the SIGMET and AIRMET legend (Figure 6-24), select the LEGEND Softkey when SIGMETs and
AIRMETs are selected for display.

Figure 6-23 Sample SIGMET Text Figure 6-24 SIGMET/AIRMET Legend

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METARS AND TAFS

NOTE: Atmospheric pressure as reported for METARs is given in hectopascals (hPa), except for in the United
States, where it is reported in inches of mercury (in Hg). Temperatures are reported in Celsius.

NOTE: METAR information is only displayed within the installed navigation database service area.

METARs (METeorological Aerodrome Reports) typically contain information about the temperature,
dewpoint, wind, precipitation, cloud cover, cloud base heights, visibility, and barometric pressure at an
airport or observation station. They can also contain information on precipitation amounts, lightning, and
other critical data. METARs reflect hourly observations; non-routine updates include the code “SPECI” in the
report. METARs are shown as colored flags at airports that provide them.
Instructions for
Viewing METAR
and TAF Text

Selected Airport

Figure 6-25 METAR Flags on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page

TAFs (Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts) are weather predictions for specific airports within a 24- hour period,
and may span up to 36 hours. TAFs typically include forecast wind, visibility, weather phenomena, and sky
conditions using METAR codes.
METAR and TAF text are displayed on the Weather Information Page. METAR data is displayed first in a
decoded fashion, followed by its original text. The original text may contain information not found in the
decoded version. The system displays TAF information only in its original form, when a TAF is available.

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Displaying METAR and TAF text:

1) On the Weather Data Link (XM) Page, select the METAR Softkey.
2) Press the Joystick and pan to the desired airport.
3) Press the ENT Key. The Weather Information Page is shown with METAR and TAF text.
4) Use the FMS Knob or the ENT Key to scroll through the METAR and TAF text. METAR text must be completely
scrolled through before scrolling through the TAF text.
5) Press the FMS Knob or the CLR Key to return to the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
Or:
1) Select the Weather Information Page.
a) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Waypoint Page Group.
b) Select the WX Softkey to select the Weather Information Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to display the cursor.
3) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired airport and press the ENT Key.
4) Use the FMS Knob or the ENT Key to scroll through the METAR and TAF text. Note that the METAR text must
be completely scrolled through before scrolling through the TAF text.

METAR Text for the

Selected Airport

METAR Symbol

TAF Text for the

Selected Airport

Figure 6-26 METAR and TAF Text on the Weather Information Page

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Original METAR text is also accessible while panning the map cursor over a METAR flag on any map page
on which a METAR is displayed. The METAR text is shown in a box near the METAR flag.
In addition, METAR flags and their associated text are displayed on the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
METAR flags appears next to waypoints in the flight plan with an associated METAR.
Displaying original METAR text on the Active Flight Plan Page:
1) Select the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired waypoint. The METAR text will appear in the ‘SELECTED
WAYPOINT WEATHER’ window below.
4) When finished, press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor or press the FPL Key to exit the Active Flight Plan
Page.
To display the METAR legend on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page (Figure 6-27), select the LEGEND
Softkey when METARs are enabled for display.
Information in the METAR text determines the color of the METAR flag. A gray METAR flag appears for
a reporting station when its METAR text does not contain adequate information to determine the METAR
category (e.g. VFR, IFR).

Figure 6-27 METAR Legend

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SURFACE ANALYSIS AND CITY FORECAST

NOTE: Surface Analysis and City Forecast data are displayed only within the installed navigation database
coverage area.
Surface Analysis and City Forecast information is available for current and forecast weather conditions.
Forecasts are available for intervals of 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours.

Figure 6-28 12 Hour Surface Analysis and City Forecast Data

Displaying Surface Analysis and City Forecast information:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the MORE WX Softkey.
3) Select the SFC Softkey.
4) Select the desired forecast time: CURRENT, 12 HR, 24 HR, 36 HR, or 48 HR. The SFC Softkey label changes
to reflect the forecast time selected.
To display the Surface Analysis and City Forecast legend (Figure 6-29), select the LEGEND Softkey when the
Surface Analysis and City Forecast weather product is displayed.

Figure 6-29 Surface Analysis Legend

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FREEZING LEVELS
The Freezing Level weather product shows the color-coded contour lines for the altitude and location at
which the first isotherm is found (Figure 6-30). When no data is displayed for a given altitude, the data for
that altitude has not been received, or is out of date and has been removed from the display. New data will
appear when it becomes available.

Figure 6-30 Freezing Level Data

Displaying Freezing Level information:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the MORE WX Softkey.
3) Select the FRZ LVL Softkey.
To display the Freezing Level legend (Figure 6-31), select the LEGEND Softkey when Freezing Level data is
displayed.

Figure 6-31 Freezing Level Legend

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WINDS ALOFT
The Winds Aloft weather product (Figure 6-32) shows the predicted wind speed and direction at the
surface and at selected altitudes. Altitude can be displayed in 3,000-foot increments from the surface up to
42,000 feet MSL.
Displaying Winds Aloft data:
1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the MORE WX Softkey.
3) Select the WIND Softkey.
4) Select the desired altitude level: SFC (surface) up to 42,000 feet. Select the NEXT or PREV Softkey to cycle
through the altitude softkeys. The WIND Softkey label changes to reflect the altitude selected.

Figure 6-32 Winds Aloft Weather Product at 24,000 Feet

To display the Winds Aloft legend (Figure 6-33), select the LEGEND Softkey when Winds Aloft is selected
for display.

Figure 6-33 Winds Aloft Data with Legend

Headwind and tailwind components aloft are available inside the Profile View window on the Navigation
Map Page (Figure 6-34). The displayed wind components are relative to current aircraft altitude and track,
but not to aircraft speed.

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Weather Product
Age
Altitude Scale Wind Component
Velocity and
Direction Arrows

Figure 6-34 Winds Aloft Weather Product with Profile View (Navigation Map Page)

Arrows pointing to the left indicate headwind components; tailwind component arrows point to the right,
as shown in Table 6-4.

Headwind Tailwind Headwind/Tailwind

Symbol Symbol Component

None None Less than 5 knots

5 knots

10 knots

50 knots

Table 6-4 Profile View Headwind/Tailwind Component Symbols

Showing/Hiding Profile View (containing winds aloft data)

1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Select the PROFILE Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘Show Profile View’ or ‘Hide Profile View’ (choice dependent on current
state) and press the ENT Key.

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Winds Aloft data inside the Profile View is enabled by default when the Profile View is displayed on the
Navigation Map Page. This behavior can be changed on the Navigation Map Page.
Enabling/disabling winds aloft data display in Profile View:
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With Map Setup highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-35).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Profile Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-36).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to select ‘Profile Winds’ (Figure 6-37).
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
7) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.

Figure 6-35 Navigation Map Page Menu

Figure 6-36 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-37 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Weather Group

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COUNTY WARNINGS
The County Warnings weather product (Figure 6-38) provides specific public awareness and protection
weather warnings from the National Weather Service (NWS). This can include information on tornadoes,
severe thunderstorms, and flood conditions.
Additional
Information
on Flood
Warning
Selected
with Map
Pointer

Flood
Warning

Figure 6-38 County Flood Warning

Displaying County Warning information:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the MORE WX Softkey.
3) Select the COUNTY Softkey.
To display the County Warnings legend (Figure 6-39), select the LEGEND Softkey when County Warnings
are selected to be displayed.

Figure 6-39 County Warnings Legend

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CYCLONE
The Cyclone weather product (Figure 6-40) shows the current location of cyclones (hurricanes), tropical
storms, and their projected tracks. The system displays the projected track information in the form of
DD/HH:MM.

Cyclone

Figure 6-40 Cyclone Weather Product Selected for Display

Displaying cyclone (hurricane) track information:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the MORE WX Softkey.
3) Select the CYCLONE Softkey.
To display the Cyclone legend (Figure 6-41), select the LEGEND Softkey when Cyclones are selected to be
displayed.

Figure 6-41 Cyclone Legend

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ICING (CIP & SLD)

Current Icing Product (CIP) data shows a graphical view of the icing environment (Figure 6-42). Icing
severity is displayed in four categories: light, moderate, severe, and extreme (not specific to aircraft type). The
CIP product is not a forecast, but a presentation of the conditions at the time of the analysis.
Supercooled Large Droplet (SLD) icing conditions are characterized by the presence of relatively large,
super cooled water droplets indicative of freezing drizzle and freezing rain aloft. SLD threat areas are depicted
as magenta dots over the CIP colors. SLD conditions may be extremely hazardous to all aircraft.
Displaying Icing data:
1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the MORE WX Softkey.
3) Select the ICNG Softkey.
4) Select the desired altitude level: 1,000 feet up to 30,000 feet. Press the NEXT or PREV Softkey to cycle through
the altitude softkeys. The ICNG Softkey label changes to reflect the altitude selected.

Icing
Potential
SLD
Threat

Figure 6-42 Icing Data at 21,000 Feet

To display the Icing Potential legend (Figure 6-43), press the LEGEND Softkey when Icing is selected for
display.

Figure 6-43 Icing Potential Legend

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TURBULENCE
The Turbulence weather product (Figure 6-44) identifies the potential for erratic movement of high-altitude
air mass associated winds. Turbulence is classified as light, moderate, severe or extreme, at altitudes between
21,000 and 45,000 feet. Turbulence data is intended to supplement AIRMETs and SIGMETs.
Displaying Turbulence data:
1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the MORE WX Softkey.
3) Select the TURB Softkey.
4) Select the desired altitude level: 21,000 feet up to 45,000 feet. Select the NEXT or PREV Softkey to cycle
through the altitude softkeys. The TURB Softkey label changes to reflect the altitude selected.

Severe
Turbulence

Moderate
Turbulence

Light
Turbulence

Figure 6-44 Turbulence Weather Product at 21,000 Feet

To display the Turbulence legend (Figure 6-45), select the LEGEND Softkey when Turbulence is selected
for display.

Figure 6-45 Turbulence Legend

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PIREPS AND AIREPS

Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs) describe in-flight weather conditions encountered by pilots. When
significant weather conditions are reported or forecast, Air Traffic Control (ATC) facilities are required to solicit
PIREPs. A PIREP may contain adverse weather conditions, such as low in-flight visibility, icing conditions,
windshear, turbulence, and type of aircraft flown. PIREPs are issued as either Routine (UA) or Urgent (UUA).
Another type of PIREP is an Air Report (AIREP). Commercial airlines typically generate AIREPs.

Instructions for
Viewing PIREP
and AIREP Text

Urgent
PIREP
Routine
PIREP
Selected

AIREP

Figure 6-46 AIREPs and PIREPs on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page

Displaying PIREP and AIREP text:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the MORE WX Softkey.
3) Select the AIREPS or PIREPS Softkey.
4) Press the Joystick and pan to the desired weather report. A gray circle appears around the weather report
when it is selected.
5) Press the ENT Key. The Weather Information Page is shown with PIREP or AIREP text. The data is first displayed
in a decoded fashion, followed by the original text. Note the original text may contain additional information
not present in the decoded version.
6) Use the FMS Knob or the ENT Key to scroll through the PIREP or AIREP text.
7) Press the FMS Knob or the CLR Key to return to the Weather Data Link (XM) Page.

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Age of report in HH:MM

Decoded PIREP Text

Original PIREP Text

Selected PIREP

Figure 6-47 PIREP Text on the Weather Information Page

To display the PIREP or AIREP legend (Figure 6-48), select the LEGEND Softkey when PIREPs or AIREPs
are selected for display.
The PIREP color is determined by the type (routine or urgent).

Figure 6-48 AIREPs & PIREPs Legend

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TFRS

NOTE: Do not rely solely upon data link services to provide Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) information.
Always confirm TFR information through official sources such as Flight Service Stations or Air Traffic Control.
In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issues Temporary Flight Restrictions
(TFRs) to designate areas where flight is restricted. TFRs are issued to restrict flight for a variety of reasons
including national security, law enforcement, fire suppression, natural disasters., airshows, and large sporting
events. TFRs may be issued at any time, and TFR data displayed is only intended to supplement official TFR
information obtained from Flight Service Stations (FSS), and air traffic control.
The age of TFR data is not shown; however, if TFR data is not available or has expired, the system displays
‘TFR N/A’ in the upper-left corner of maps on which TFRs can be displayed.

TFR Summary
Data

TFR
Selected
with Map
Pointer

Figure 6-49 TFR Data on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page

Displaying TFR Data:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page or Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the Joystick and pan the map pointer to highlight a TFR border. The system displays TFR summary
information for the highlighted TFR above the map.
3) Press the ENT Key. The system displays a pop-up menu.
4) If necessary, turn the FMS Knob to select ‘Review Airspaces’ and press the ENT Key. The system displays the
TFR Information window.
5) Press the FMS Knob or the CLR Key to remove the TFR Information window.

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Figure 6-50 Full Text for Selected TFR

The setup menus for the Navigation Map Page control the map range settings above which TFR data is
decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than the TFR product map range setting is selected, the
TFR product data is removed from the map.
Maps other than the Navigation Map Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page.
Setting up and customizing TFR data for maps on which TFR data can be displayed:
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With Map Setup highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-51).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Aviation Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-52).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll to the TFR product maximum map range setting (Figure 6-53).
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options (range settings or ‘Off’ to disable display of TFRs).
7) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.

Figure 6-51 Navigation Map Page Menu

Figure 6-52 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-53 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Weather Group
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6.2 GARMIN CONNEXT WEATHER

WARNING: Do not use data link weather information for maneuvering in, near, or around areas of hazardous
weather. Information contained within data link weather products may not accurately depict current
weather conditions.

WARNING: Do not use the indicated data link weather product age to determine the age of the weather
information shown by the data link weather product. Due to time delays inherent in gathering and processing
weather data for data link transmission, the weather information shown by the data link weather product
may be significantly older than the indicated weather product age.

NOTE: The availability of specific Garmin Connext Weather products varies by region. For product coverage
information, refer to https://fly.garmin.com/fly-garmin/connext/worldwide-weather/.
The optional Garmin GSR 56 and GDL 59 provide the Garmin Connext data link weather service to the Prodigy
system. The system displays graphical weather information and associated text on the Multi Function Display
(MFD) and on the Primary Flight Display (PFD) Inset Map.
The system provides Garmin Connext Weather information after the flight crew selects either a manual or
automatic Connext Data Request on the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page on the MFD.
Before the Garmin Connext weather service can be used, an account must first be established. Refer to the
Additional Features section for more information.

REGISTERING THE SYSTEM FOR GARMIN CONNEXT WEATHER

When an account is established, Garmin customer service provides an Access Code which must be entered
on the system in order to complete the registration process.
Registering the system to receive Garmin Connext Weather:
1) Ensure the aircraft is outside and has a clear view of the sky (if registering via an Iridium satellite telephone
connection), or connected to a Wi-Fi network. Refer to the Additional Features section for more information on
connecting to a Wi-Fi network.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob on the MFD to select the MAP page group.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the MAP - WEATHER DATA LINK (CNXT or XM) Page. If ‘XM’ is displayed in
the page title, it will be necessary to change the data link source to Garmin Connext (CNXT) before continuing.
Refer to ‘Viewing the Weather Data Link Page’ procedure to change the data link source to Garmin Connext
Weather prior to registration.
4) If the system displays the ‘Connext Registration’ window, proceed to step 7. Otherwise, press the MENU Key.
The Page Menu appears as seen in Figure 6-54.

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Figure 6-54 Select ‘Register With Connext’

5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘Register With Connext’ in the menu list.
6) Press the ENT Key. The Connext Registration Window is displayed as shown in Figure 6-55.

Figure 6-55 Enter Access Code

7) Enter the access code provided by customer service in the ACCESS CODE field.
8) Press the ENT Key. ‘REGISTER’ is highlighted as in Figure 6-55.
9) Press the ENT Key. The system contacts the Garmin Connext service using the GDL 59 Wi-Fi connection (if
available) or through the Iridium satellite network using the GSR 56. Registration is complete when the STATUS
field displays ‘REGISTERED’.

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ACCESSING GARMIN CONNEXT WEATHER PRODUCTS

The principal map for viewing Garmin Connext Weather information is the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page
in the Map Page Group (Figure 6-56). This is the only map display capable of showing information for all
available Garmin Connext weather products. No weather data appears until an initial Connext Data Request
has been completed successfully.
Viewing the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Weather Data Link (XM or CNXT) Page.
3) If the page title contains ‘XM’, it will be necessary to change the data link weather source from SiriusXM
Weather to Garmin Connext Weather. Refer to the next procedure to change the source.
Changing the weather data link source (Garmin Connext or SiriusXM):
1) If necessary, turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) If necessary, turn the small FMS Knob to select the Weather Data Link (XM or CNXT) Page.
3) Press the MENU Key.
4) If necessary, turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘Display Connext Weather’ or ‘Display XM Weather’ and press
the ENT Key. Weather Data Link Page title and softkeys change to correspond to selected data link weather
source.
Precipitation
Weather
Product Symbol
and Product
Age in Minutes

Precipitation
Weather Product
Selected for Figure 6-56 Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page
Display

When a weather product is selected for display on the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page, a box containing a
symbol or name for the product and its age (in minutes) are shown in the upper right (Figure 6-56) of the page.
If weather data has not been requested, or is not available from the source, ‘N/A’ is shown next to the product

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symbol instead of the product age. The age of the weather product is based on the time difference between
when the requested data was assembled on the ground and the current GPS time. The Garmin Connext
Weather service updates its weather products continuously, or refreshes them at specific intervals, depending
on the product (defined in the Refresh Rate column in Table 6-5). The product age display does not indicate
the age of the information contained within the weather product, which can be significantly older than the
displayed weather product age.
If for any reason, a weather product is not refreshed within the defined Expiration Time intervals (see Table
6-4), the product is considered expired and is removed from the display. The age of the expired product is
replaced by dashes. If more than half of the expiration time has elapsed, the color of the product age changes
from white to amber.
Table 6-5 shows the Garmin Connext weather product symbols, the expiration times and the refresh rates.
The refresh rate represents the interval at which the Garmin Connext ground-based servers make available the
most current known weather data. It does not represent the rate at which new content is received from various
weather sources around the world.

NOTE: The availability of specific Garmin Connext Weather products varies by region. For product coverage
information, refer to https://fly.garmin.com/fly-garmin/connext/worldwide-weather/.

Garmin Connext Weather Expiration Time Refresh Rate

Symbol
Product (Minutes) (Minutes)
U.S.: 3*
Radar Precipitation Canada: 3*†
30
(PRECIP) Europe: 15
Australia: 15ˆ
Infrared Satellite
60 30
(IR SAT)
Garmin Connext Data Link
30 Continuous
Lightning (DL LTNG)
SIGMETs/AIRMETs
60 Continuous
(SIG/AIR)
Meteorological Aerodrome Report
90 Continuous
(METARs)
Winds Aloft
90 Continuous
(WIND)
Pilot Weather Report
90 Continuous
(PIREPs)
Temporary Flight Restrictions
no product image 60 Continuous
(TFRs)
Terminal Aerodrome Reports
no product image 60 Continuous
(TAFs)

* The composite precipitation image is updated every 3 minutes, but individual radar sites may take
between 3 and 10 minutes to provide new data.
†
Canadian radar precipitation data provided by Environment Canada.
ˆ Australian radar precipitation data provided by the Australia Bureau of Meteorology
Table 6-5 Garmin Connext Weather Product Symbols and Data Timing

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Table 6-6 shows which Garmin Connext Weather products can be displayed (indicated with a ‘+’ symbol) on
specific maps.

Navigation Map Page

Weather Information

Nearest Page Group

AUX - Trip Planning
Weather Data Link

Flight Plan Pages

PFD Inset Map

(CNXT) Page
Garmin Connext Weather

Page

Page
Product

Precipitation (PRECIP) + + + + + +
Infrared Satellite (IR SAT) +
Garmin Connext Data Link Lightning + + + + + +
(DL LTNG)
SIGMETs/AIRMETs (SIG/AIR) +
METARs + + + + + + +
Winds Aloft (WIND) +* +
PIREPs +
No Radar Coverage + + +
TFRs + + + + + + +
TAFs + +
* Winds Aloft data on the Navigation Map Page available inside the Profile View Window.
Table 6-6 Garmin Connext Weather Product Display Maps

Softkeys control the display of weather information on most MFD pages and the PFD Inset Map (Figure 6-57
shows the weather product softkeys for the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page). When a weather product is
selected for display, the corresponding softkey label changes to gray to indicate the product display is enabled.
SYSTEM CPDLC PRECIP IR SAT DL LTNG SIG/AIR METAR LEGEND MORE WX CHKLIST

WIND OFF PIREPS BACK

WIND Softkey label changes Press the BACK Softkey

to reflect current selection. to move up one level.
PREV and NEXT Softkeys cycle through Winds Aloft
altitude selection softkeys.
PREV OFF SFC 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 NEXT LEGEND BACK

PREV OFF 18000 21000 24000 27000 30000 33000 NEXT LEGEND BACK

PREV OFF 36000 39000 42000 NEXT LEGEND BACK

Figure 6-57 Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page Softkeys (MFD)

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The setup menus for the Navigation Map Page and the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page control the map
range settings above which weather products data are decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than
the maximum weather product map range setting is selected, the system removes the weather product from the
map. The menus also provide controls for enabling/disabling the display of weather products, in addition to
using the softkeys.
Setting up and customizing the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page:
1) Select the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Weather Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-58).
4) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options for each product (ON/OFF, maximum map range settings,
etc.).
6) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
7) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page with the changed settings.

Figure 6-58 Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page Menu Figure 6-59 Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page Setup Menu

Restoring default Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page settings:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Weather Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
4) ‘PRODUCT GROUP 1’ is highlighted. To select all weather products in the group, proceed to the next step with
‘PRODUCT GROUP 1’ highlighted. Otherwise, turn the large FMS Knob to highlight a setting for an individual
weather product.
5) Press the MENU Key.

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6) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘Restore Selection Default’, ‘Restore Group Defaults’ or ‘Restore All
Defaults’ (available selections dependent on whether an individual setting or product group was highlighted.)
Note since there is only one product group, restoring group or all defaults has the same effect.
If multiple data link weather services are installed, customizing the display settings for the corresponding
weather products shown in Table 6-7 will result in identical settings for a comparable weather product from
another service provider.

Garmin Connext Weather

SiriusXM Weather Product
Product (CNXT)
Next-generation Radar Precipitation
(NEXRAD) (PRECIP)
Cloud Top Infrared Satellite
(CLD TOP) (IR SAT)
SiriusXM Lightning Garmin Connext Data Link Lightning
(XM LTNG) (DL LTNG)
SIGMETs/AIRMETs SIGMETs/AIRMETs
(SIG/AIR) (SIG/AIR)
Meteorological Aerodrome Report Meteorological Aerodrome Report
(METARs) (METARs)
Winds Aloft Winds Aloft
(WIND) (WIND)
Pilot Weather Report Pilot Weather Report
(PIREPs) (PIREPs)

Table 6-7 Corresponding Weather Data Link Product Settings

Maps besides the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation
Map Page.
Setting up and customizing weather data for the Navigation Map Page:
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-60).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Weather’ Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-61).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections (Figure 6-62).
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options for each product (ON/OFF, maximum map range settings).
7) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.

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Figure 6-60 Navigation Map Page Menu

Figure 6-61 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-62 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Weather Group

Each active weather product has an associated legend which can be displayed on the Weather Data Link
(CNXT) Page. If no weather product softkeys are selected, the LEGEND Softkey will be subdued.
Viewing legends for displayed weather products
1) Select the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Select the LEGEND Softkey to display the legends for the displayed weather products.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key.
b) Select ‘Weather Legend’ and press the ENT Key.
3) Turn the FMS Knob to scroll through the legends if more are available than fit in the window.
4) To remove the Legend Window, select the LEGEND Softkey, the ENT or the CLR Key, or press the FMS Knob.

Viewing legends for displayed weather products (on the Navigation Map Page):
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Select the MAP Softkey.
3) Select the LEGEND Softkey (available if one or more data link weather products are enabled for display).
4) To remove the Legend Window, select the LEGEND Softkey, or press the ENT or the CLR Key, or press the FMS
Knob.

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Additional information about the following can be displayed by panning over the display on the map:
• Infrared Satellite (IR SAT) • METARs
• SIGMETs • TFRs
• AIRMETs • PIREPs

The map panning feature is enabled by pressing the Joystick. The map range is adjusted by turning the
Joystick. If the map range is adjusted while panning is enabled, the map is re-centered on the Map Pointer.

Additional
information for
selected PIREP

PIREP selected
with Map
Pointer

Figure 6-63 Panning on the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page

CONNEXT WEATHER DATA REQUESTS

The Connext Data Request window provides the flight crew with the options to enable or disable the requested
weather coverage area(s), choose automatic weather update intervals (if desired), and the ability to send or
cancel weather data requests. The status of the Garmin Connext data request process is also displayed.
Before a Garmin Connext data request can occur, a valid request coverage area must be defined from which
all currently available Garmin Connext weather products will be retrieved. At a minimum, either the aircraft’s
present position or a waypoint (as part of a flight plan or entered directly in the ‘WAYPOINT’ coverage field) must
be part of the request coverage area, otherwise the request status window will indicate ‘INVALID COVERAGE
AREA’ and the system will not allow a request to occur.
It is not necessary for a destination (based on an active flight plan), a flight plan, or waypoint to be specified
prior to enabling these coverage areas; however no weather data will be retrieved for these option(s) until a
flight plan or waypoint is provided, respectively.

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Requesting Garmin Connext weather data manually:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Connext Data Request’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-64).
4) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired coverage option(s) and press the ENT Key to add or remove
a check from one of more of the following coverage selections (Figures 6-65, 6-66):
• PRESENT POSITION – Requests data based on current location.
• DESTINATION – Requests data based on the active flight plan destination (Direct-To destinations excluded).
See the Flight Management section for more information about entering and activating flight plans.
• FPL – Requests data along an active flight plan, if one exists. Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired
flight plan look-ahead distance option (or choose ‘REMAINING FPL’ to request the remainder of the flight
plan), then press the ENT Key.
• WAYPOINT – Requests data based on a waypoint (which may be off-route). Turn the large and small FMS
Knobs to enter a waypoint, then press the ENT Key.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob highlight to the ‘DIAMETER / RTE WIDTH’ (diameter/route width) distance field and
turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired diameter and route width of the request, then press the ENT Key.
6) Turn the large FMS Knob until the ‘SEND REQ’ button is highlighted. Press the ENT Key to initiate the request
immediately or press the FMS Knob to return to the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page without requesting
weather data.

Figure 6-64 Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page Menu

Figure 6-65 Connext Data Request Window

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Present Position Selected, Destination Selected,

200 nm Diameter 200 nm Diameter
Requested Requested

Next 80 nm of Flight Plan Off-Route Waypoint

Selected, 200 nm Route Selected, 200 nm Diameter
Width Requested Requested

Figure 6-66 Connext Weather Data Request Results with Precipitation Displayed

During a Connext Data Request, the REQUEST STATUS window initially displays “Contacting Connext...”.
Once a connection is established, the REQUEST STATUS window displays “Receiving Wx Data... Time
Remaining:” with an estimated data transfer time (either in minutes or seconds). If desired, the Connext Data
Request window may be closed while the data request is processing by pressing the FMS Knob; the data request
will continue to process in the background. Connext Data Requests typically take between 1 to 4 minutes to
complete depending on the size of the selected weather coverage area(s), the amount of weather activity present
(such as precipitation), and the Iridium signal strength.
The system retrieves all available Garmin Connext weather products within the selected coverage area(s)
during an initial Connext Data Request. Enabling or disabling the display of the weather product does not affect
which weather products are retrieved during a Connext Data Request.
To reduce data usage during subsequent requests, the system retains previously retrieved textual weather
products such as METARs and TAFs, so long as they have not expired. The system also retrieves any new
textual weather products matching the current coverage area, and all graphical weather products during each
data request.

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If the Connext Data Request was successful, the REQUEST STATUS window (if shown) indicates ‘OK’. Refer
to the Abnormal Operations discussion later in this section for more information on the messages received if the
request is unsuccessful, with possible causes.
Cancelling Connext Data Request in Progress:
1) Select the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Connext Data Request’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
4) With the ‘CANCEL REQ’ option highlighted, press the ENT Key. The REQUEST STATUS window indicates ‘Request
Canceled’.
5) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
The flight crew can schedule Connext Data Requests to recur automatically. Auto requests remain enabled
until the flight crew disables them, or the system power is cycled. When an automatic data request is enabled,
the REQUEST STATUS Window displays the number of minutes or seconds until the automatic data request
occurs.

NOTE: If automatic Connext Data Requests were enabled prior to the system entering Reversionary Mode,
the automatic weather data requests continue in Reversionary Mode, however the Connext Data Request
window and its associated options will not be available.

Enabling/disabling automatic Connext Data Requests:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Connext Data Request’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
4) Choose the desired weather coverage options.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the ‘UPDATE RATE’ setting. Then turn the small FMS Knob to highlight the
desired automatic update frequency (Off, 5 Min, 10 Min, 15 Min, 20 Min, 30 Min, 45 Min, or 60 Min).
6) The ‘SEND REQ” button is highlighted and a countdown timer is displayed in the ‘REQUEST STATUS’ based
on the currently selected update rate. Press the ENT Key to immediately send an immediate Connext Data
Request.
Or:
Press the FMS Knob to return to the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.

GARMIN CONNEXT WEATHER PRODUCTS

PRECIPITATION
The Precipitation weather product provides radar precipitation information in selected radar coverage areas.
This information comes from individual weather radar sites and weather data sources such as government
agencies. Each radar site or source may provide weather data at differing rates and times. Periodically,

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the Garmin Connext service compiles the available information to form a composite image, and assigns a
single time to indicate when it created the image. This image becomes the Precipitation weather product.
Individual images--gathered from each radar site--differ in age, and are always older than the displayed
Precipitation weather product age.
Because of the time required to detect, assemble, and distribute the Precipitation weather product, the
displayed weather information contained within the product may be significantly older than the current
radar synopsis and may not depict the current weather conditions. The Precipitation weather product should
never be used as a basis for maneuvering in, near, or around areas of hazardous weather regardless of the
information it contains.

Boundary of
Connext Data
Request area
(shown for
Precipitation
weather product)

No Radar Coverage
within requested
within request area

Figure 6-67 Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page with Precipitation

Displaying Precipitation weather information:

1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, select the INSET Softkey). This step is not necessary on the
Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Select the PRECIP Softkey.
The system displays either base or composite NEXRAD imagery, depending on the region.

Region Radar Reflectivity Type

United States Composite Reflectivity
Canada, Europe, Australia Base Reflectivity

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The base reflectivity precipitation weather product shows the radar returns from the perspective of a single
antenna tilt angle. The composite reflectivity precipitation weather product shows the highest radar energy
received from multiple antenna tilt angles. The display of the information is color-coded to indicate the
intensity of the echoes and the type of precipitation.

No Radar Coverage
Boundary of Connext
Data Request
Figure 6-68 Precipitation Data Legend

The display of no radar coverage is enabled when Precipitation is selected for display. Areas where
precipitation radar coverage is not currently available or is not being collected are indicated in gray shade of
purple. A white boundary line with white tick marks depicts the selected coverage area of the Connext Data
Request. The boundary encloses the precipitation data when this weather product is displayed.

Reflectivity
Reflectivity is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver. Colors on the Precipitation
display directly correlate to the level of detected reflectivity. Reflectivity as it relates to hazardous weather
can be very complex.
The role of radar is essentially to detect moisture in the atmosphere. Simply put, certain types of weather
reflect radar better than others. The intensity of a radar reflection is not necessarily an indication of the
weather hazard level. For instance, wet hail returns a strong radar reflection, while dry hail does not. Both
wet and dry hail can be extremely hazardous.
The different radar echo intensities are measured in decibels (dB) relative to reflectivity (Z). Weather
radars measure the reflectivity ratio, or the energy reflected back to the radar receiver (designated by the
letter Z). The value of Z increases as the returned signal strength increases.

Precipitation Limitations
Radar images may have certain limitations:
• Radar base reflectivity does not provide sufficient information to determine cloud layers or precipitation
characteristics (wet hail vs. rain). For example, it is not possible to distinguish between wet snow, wet
hail, and rain.

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• Radar base reflectivity is sampled at the minimum antenna elevation angle. An individual radar site
cannot depict high altitude storms at close ranges. It has no information about storms directly over the
site.
• When zoomed in to a range of 30 nm, each square block on the display represents an area of four square
kilometers.
The following may cause abnormalities in displayed radar images:
• Ground clutter
• Strobes and spurious radar data
• Sun strobes (when the radar antenna points directly at the sun)
• Interference from buildings or mountains, which may cause shadows
• Metallic dust (chaff) from military aircraft, which can cause alterations in radar scans

INFRARED SATELLITE
The Infrared Satellite (IR SAT) weather product (Figure 6-69) depicts cloud top temperatures from satellite
imagery. Brighter cloud top colors indicate cooler temperatures occurring at higher altitudes.
Temperature
range of
selected data

Map Pointer
on selected
Infrared Satellite
Information

Figure 6-69 Infrared Satellite Data on the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page

Displaying Cloud Tops information:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Select the IR SAT Softkey.

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To display the Infrared Satellite legend (Figure 6-70), select the LEGEND Softkey when Infrared Satellite data
is selected for display.

Figure 6-70 Infrared Satellite Legend

GARMIN CONNEXT DATA LINK LIGHTNING

The Garmin Connext Data Link Lightning (DL LTNG) weather product (Figure 6-71) shows the approximate
location of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes. A strike icon represents a strike that has occurred within a two-
kilometer region. Neither cloud-to-cloud nor the exact location of the lightning strike is displayed.

Lightning
Strikes

Figure 6-71 Garmin Connext Data Link Lightning

Displaying Lightning information:

1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, select the INSET Softkey). This step is not necessary on the
Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Select the DL LTNG Softkey.
To display the lightning legend on the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page (Figure 6-72), select the LEGEND
Softkey when the Garmin Connext Data Link Lightning weather product is enabled for display.

Figure 6-72 Garmin Connext Data Link Lightning Legend

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SIGMETS AND AIRMETS

SIGMETs (SIGnificant METeorological Information) and AIRMETs (AIRmen’s METeorological Information)
are issued for potentially hazardous weather. A Convective SIGMET is issued for hazardous convective
weather such as severe or widespread thunderstorms. A localized SIGMET can be displayed when significant
weather conditions are not widespread.
The entire SIGMET or AIRMET is displayed as long as any portion of it is issued within the coverage area
of the Connext Data Request.

Additional information
for selected SIGMET/
AIRMET

AIRMET selected
with Map Pointer

Figure 6-73 SIGMET/AIRMET Data

Displaying SIGMETs and AIRMETs:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Select the SIG/AIR Softkey.
3) To view the text of the SIGMET or AIRMET, press the Joystick and move the Map Pointer to highlight the
border of the desired SIGMET/AIRMET.
4) Press the ENT key. Figure 6-74 shows sample SIGMET text.
To display the SIGMET and AIRMET legend (Figure 6-75), select the LEGEND Softkey when SIGMETs and
AIRMETs are selected for display.

Figure 6-74 Sample SIGMET Text Figure 6-75 SIGMET/AIRMET Legend

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METARS AND TAFS

NOTE: METAR information is only displayed within the installed navigation database service area.

METARs (METeorological Aerodrome Reports) typically contain information about the temperature,
dewpoint, wind, precipitation, cloud cover, cloud base heights, visibility, and barometric pressure at an
airport or observation station. They can also contain information on precipitation amounts, lightning, and
other critical data. METARs reflect hourly observations; non-routine updates include the code “SPECI” in the
report. METARs are shown as colored flags at airports that provide them.

Instructions for
Viewing METAR
and TAF Text

Selected
Airport

Figure 6-76 METAR Flags on the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page

TAFs (Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts) are weather predictions for specific airports within a 24- hour period,
and may span up to 36 hours. TAFs typically include forecast wind, visibility, weather phenomena, and sky
conditions using METAR codes.
METAR and TAF text are displayed on the Weather Information Page. TAF information is displayed in its
original form when a TAF is available.
Displaying METAR and TAF text:
1) On the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page, select the METAR Softkey.
2) Press the Joystick and pan to the desired airport.
3) Press the ENT Key. The Weather Information Page is shown with METAR and TAF text.
4) Use the FMS Knob or the ENT Key to scroll through the METAR and TAF text. METAR text must be completely
scrolled through before scrolling through the TAF text.
5) Press the FMS Knob or the CLR Key to return to the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.

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Or:
1) Select the Airport Information Page in the Waypoint (WPT) page group.
2) Select the WX Softkey.
2) Press the FMS Knob to display the cursor.
3) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired airport and press the ENT Key.
4) Use the FMS Knob or the ENT Key to scroll through the METAR and TAF text. Note the METAR text must be
completely scrolled through before scrolling through the TAF text.

Decoded METAR
Text

Original METAR
METAR Text
Symbol

TAF
Available

Figure 6-77 METAR Flags on the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page

Original METAR text is also accessible while panning the map cursor over a METAR flag on any map page
on which a METAR is displayed. The METAR text is shown in a box near the METAR flag.
In addition, METAR flags and their associated text are displayed on the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
METAR flags appears next to waypoints in the flight plan with an associated METAR.
Displaying original METAR text on the Active Flight Plan Page:
1) Select the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired waypoint. The METAR text will appear in the ‘SELECTED
WAYPOINT WEATHER’ window below.
4) When finished, press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor or press the FPL Key to exit the Active Flight Plan
Page.

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To display the METAR legend on the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page (Figure 6-78), select the LEGEND
Softkey when METARs are enabled for display.
Information in the METAR text determines the color of the METAR flag. A gray METAR flag appears for
a reporting station when its METAR text does not contain adequate information to determine the METAR
category (e.g. VFR, IFR).

Figure 6-78 METAR Legend

WINDS ALOFT
The Winds Aloft weather product (Figure 6-79) shows the predicted wind speed and direction at the
surface and at selected altitudes. Altitude can be displayed in 3,000-foot increments from the surface up to
42,000 feet MSL.
Displaying Winds Aloft data:
1) Select the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Press the MORE WX Softkey.
3) Press the WIND Softkey.
4) Select the desired altitude level: SFC (surface) up to 42,000 feet. Select the NEXT or PREV Softkey to cycle
through the altitude softkeys. The WIND Softkey label changes to reflect the altitude selected.

Figure 6-79 Winds Aloft Data at 33,000 Feet

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To display the Winds Aloft legend (Figure 6-80), select the LEGEND Softkey when Winds Aloft is selected
for display.

Figure 6-80 Winds Aloft Data with Legend

Headwind and tailwind components aloft are available inside the Profile View on the Navigation Map Page
(Figure 6-81). The displayed components are relative to current aircraft altitude and track, but not to aircraft
speed.

Weather Product
Age
Altitude Scale Wind Component
Velocity and
Direction Arrows

Figure 6-81 Winds Aloft Weather Product with Profile View (Navigation Map Page)

Arrows pointing to the left indicate headwind components; tailwind component arrows point to the right,
as shown in Table 6-8.
Headwind Tailwind Headwind/Tailwind
Symbol Symbol Component

None None Less than 5 knots

5 knots

10 knots

50 knots

Table 6-8 Profile View Headwind/Tailwind Component Symbols

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Showing/Hiding Profile View (containing winds aloft data)

1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Select the PROFILE Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘Show Profile View’ or ‘Hide Profile View’ (choice dependent on current
state) and press the ENT Key.
Winds Aloft data inside the Profile View is enabled by default when the Profile View is displayed on the
Navigation Map Page. This behavior can be changed on the Navigation Map Page.
Enabling/disabling winds aloft data display in Profile View:
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With Map Setup highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-82).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Profile Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-83).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to select ‘Profile Winds’ (Figure 6-84).
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘On’ or ‘Off’.
7) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.

Figure 6-82 Navigation Map Page Menu

Figure 6-83 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-84 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Weather Group

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PIREPS
Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs) describe in-flight weather encountered by pilots. A PIREP may contain
adverse weather conditions, such as low in-flight visibility, icing conditions, wind shear, turbulence, and type
of aircraft flown. PIREPs are issued as either Routine (UA) or Urgent (UUA).

Instructions for
Viewing PIREP
Text

Urgent
PIREP

Routine
PIREP
Selected

Figure 6-85 PIREPs on the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page

Displaying PIREP text:

1) Select the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page.
2) Press the MORE WX Softkey.
3) Press the PIREPS Softkey.
4) Press the Joystick and pan to the desired weather report. A gray circle will appear around the weather report
when it is selected.
5) Press the ENT Key. The PIREP is first displayed in a decoded fashion, followed by the original text. Note the
original text may contain additional information not found in the decoded version.
6) Use the FMS Knob or the ENT Key to scroll through the PIREP text.
7) Press the FMS Knob or the CLR Key to close the PIREP text window and return to the Weather Data Link (CNXT)
Page.

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Decoded PIREP Text

Original PIREP Text

Figure 6-86 PIREP Text on the Weather Data Link (CNXT) Page

To display the PIREP legend (Figure 6-87), select the LEGEND Softkey when PIREPs are selected for display.
The PIREP color is determined by the type (routine or urgent).

Figure 6-87 AIREPs & PIREPs Legend

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ABNORMAL OPERATIONS
If the system cannot complete a Connext Data Request, one or more messages will appear in the request status
window.

Weather Request Status Description

Message
Auto requests inhibited The system has disabled automatic weather data requests due to excessive errors.
Send manual request to reset. Automatic weather data requests have stopped. Send a manual weather data request to
resume automatic updates.
Auto update retry: ## Seconds The system will attempt another automatic weather data request after an error occurred
during the previous request. Displays estimated time until next automatic request occurs.
Connext Comm Error [2] A communications error has occurred with the GIA or GDL 59.
Connext Comm Error [4] This occurs if multiple weather data requests have recently failed, or the GIA or GDL 59 is
off-line. If this error persists, the system should be serviced.
Connext Comm Error [5] The Iridium or Garmin Connext services are not accessible. Check Iridium signal strength.
If this error persists, the system should be serviced.
Connext Comm Error [6] A communications error has occurred. If this error persists, the system should be serviced.
Connext Comm Error [7] The system halted the weather data request due to excessive delays while receiving
weather data. Verify Iridium signal strength and re-try data request.

Connext Comm Error [8] A ground-based server error has occurred or invalid data received.
Connext Login Invalid There is a problem with the Garmin Connext registration. In the United States, contact
Garmin at 1-866-739-5687. Outside the United States, call 913-397-8200, wait for the
operator, and request extension 1135.
Connext Server Temporarily The Garmin Connext weather data server is temporarily out of service, but is expected to
Inop return to service in less than 30 minutes.
Connext Server Inop The Garmin Connext weather data server will be out of service for at least 30 minutes.
Invalid Coverage Area The Connext Data Request does not sufficiently define a coverage area on which to
retrieve weather data. Verify the selections in the Connext Weather Coverage Window,
then issue another Connext Data Request.
No Connext Subscription The system is not currently subscribed to the Garmin Connext Weather service, or the
access code is incorrect. Verify the access code. In the United States, contact Garmin at
1-866-739-5687. Outside the United States, call 913-397-8200, wait for the operator,
and request extension 1135.
Reduce Request Area The weather data request area exceeds size limits. Reduce weather coverage area and
re-send data request.
Request Cancelled The user has cancelled a weather data request.
Request Failed - Try Again The ground-based server halted the weather data request due to excessive delays. Re-send
data request.
Transfer Preempted The Iridium voice telephone has interrupted the weather data request. Retry request when
Iridium voice telephone is not in use.
Table 6-9 Abnormal Weather Data Request Status Messages

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GARMIN CONNEXT WEATHER IN REVERSIONARY MODE

When the system is operating in Reversionary Mode, only those weather products which can be displayed
on the PFD Inset Map will be available for display (see Table 6-5 for a list of weather products and their
associated map availability).
If manual weather data requests were enabled prior to entering Reversionary Mode, no new Garmin Connext
Weather data can be retrieved while operating in Reversionary Mode. If automatic weather data requests
were enabled prior to Reversionary Mode operation, the system will continue the automatic data requests in
Reversionary Mode (provided automatic requests have not been inhibited due to a system error).

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6.3 AIRBORNE COLOR WEATHER RADAR

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The Garmin GWX 68 Airborne Color Weather Radar is a four-color digital pulsed radar with 6.5 kilowatts
of output power. It combines excellent range and adjustable scanning profiles with a high-definition target
display. The pulse width is four microseconds (µs) on all ranges except the 2.5 nm range. The GWX 68 uses a
one µs pulse width at this range to reduce the targets smearing together on the display for better target definition
at close range.
The Garmin GWX 70 Airborne Color Weather Radar is a solid-state pulsed radar with forty watts of output
power. The radar combines excellent range and adjustable scanning profiles with a high-definition target
display. The GWX 70 has an effective pulse length of 27.31 microseconds (µs), and the system optimizes the
pulse length to maximize resolution at each range setting.
The Embraer Phenom 300 uses a 12-inch phased array antenna that is fully stabilized to accommodate 30º
of pitch and roll.
To focus radar scanning on specific areas, Sector Scanning offers pilot-adjustable horizontal scan angles of
20º, 40º, 60º, or 90º. A vertical scanning function helps to analyze storm tops, gradients, and cell buildup
activity at various altitudes.
Radar features include:
• Extended Sensitivity Time Constant (STC) logic that automatically correlates distance of the return echo with
intensity, so cells do not suddenly appear to get larger as they get closer.
• WATCH® (Weather ATtenuated Color Highlight) helps identify possible shadowing effects of short-range cell
activity, identifying areas where radar return signals are weakened or attenuated by intense precipitation (or
large areas of lesser precipitation) and may not fully reflect the weather behind a storm.
• Weather Alert that looks ahead for intense cell activity in the 80-320 nm range, even if these ranges are not
being displayed.

PRINCIPLES OF PULSED AIRBORNE WEATHER RADAR

The term RADAR is an acronym for RAdio Detecting And Ranging. Pulsed radar locates targets by transmitting
a microwave pulse beam that, upon encountering a target, is reflected back to the radar receiver as a return
echo. The microwave pulses are focused and radiated by the antenna, with the most intense energy in the
center of the beam and decreasing intensity near the edge. The same antenna is used for both transmitting and
receiving. The returned signal is then processed and displayed on the MFD.
Radar detection is a two-way process that requires 12.36 µs for the transmitted microwave pulses to travel out
and back for each nautical mile of target range. It takes 123.6 µs for a transmitted pulse to make the round trip
if a target is ten nautical miles away.
Airborne weather radar should be used to avoid severe weather, not for penetrating severe weather. The
decision to fly into an area of radar targets depends on target intensity, spacing between the targets, aircraft
capabilities, and pilot experience. Pulse type weather radar detects only precipitation, not clouds or turbulence.
The display may indicate clear areas between intense returns, but this does not necessarily mean it is safe to fly
between them. Only Doppler radar can detect turbulence.
Airborne weather radar has other capabilities beyond weather detection. It also has the ability to detect and
provide distance to cities, mountains, coastlines, rivers, lakes, and oceans.

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NEXRAD AND AIRBORNE WEATHER RADAR

Both Airborne Weather Radar and NEXRAD measure weather reflectivity in decibels (dB). A decibel is a
logarithmic expression of the ratio of two quantities. Airborne Weather Radar measures the ratio of power
against the gain of the antenna, while NEXRAD measures the energy reflected back to the radar, or the radar
reflectivity ratio.
Both systems use colors to identify the different echo intensities, but the colors are not interchangeable.
Airborne color radar values used by Garmin Airborne Color Weather Radar should not be confused with
NEXRAD radar values.

ANTENNA BEAM ILLUMINATION

The radar beam is much like the beam of a spotlight. The further the beam travels, the wider it becomes. The
radar is only capable of seeing what is inside the boundaries of the beam. The next figure depicts a radar beam’s
characteristics. The figure illustrates vertical dimensions of the radar beam, although the same holds true for
the horizontal dimensions. In other words, the beam is as wide as it is tall. Note that it is possible to miss areas
of precipitation on the radar display because of the antenna tilt setting. With the antenna tilt set to zero in this
illustration, the beam overshoots the precipitation at 15 nautical miles.

Altitude (x1000 ft.)

80
Antenna at Zero Tilt s
Beam Sidelobe
Half Power at

18,000 ft. Max Power at Beam Center

8°
18,000 ft.

0
0 15 30 45 60 75 90

Range (nautical miles)

Figure 6-88 Radar Beam from a 12 inch Antenna

The curvature of the earth can also be a factor in missing areas of precipitation, especially at range settings of
150 nautical miles or more. Here the beam overshoots the precipitation at less than 320 nautical miles.

320 nm

Figure 6-89 Radar Beam in Relation to the Curvature of the Earth

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RADAR SIGNAL ATTENUATION

The phenomenon of radar signal attenuation affects the operation of weather radar. When the radar signal
is transmitted, it is progressively absorbed and scattered, making the signal weaker. This weakening, or
attenuation, is caused by two primary sources, distance and precipitation.
Attenuation because of distance is due to the fact that the radar energy leaving the antenna is inversely
proportional to the square of the distance. The reflected radar energy from a target 40 miles away that fills
the radar beam is one fourth the energy reflected from an equivalent target 20 miles away. This would appear
to the operator that the storm is gaining intensity as the aircraft gets closer. Internal signal processing within
the system compensates for much of this distance attenuation.
Attenuation due to precipitation is not as predictable as distance attenuation. It is also more intense. As the
radar signal passes through moisture, a portion of the radar energy is reflected back to the antenna. However,
much of the energy is absorbed. If precipitation is very heavy, or covers a large area, the signal may not
reach completely through the area of precipitation. The weather radar system cannot distinguish between an
attenuated signal and an area of no precipitation. If the signal has been fully attenuated, the radar displays
a radar shadow. This appears as an end to the precipitation when, in fact, the heavy rain may extend much
further. A cell containing heavy precipitation may block another cell located behind the first, preventing
it from being displayed on the radar. Never fly into these shadowed areas and never assume that all of the
heavy precipitation is being displayed unless another cell or a ground target can be seen beyond the heavy
cell. The WATCH® feature of the system can help in identifying these shadowed areas. Areas in question
appear as shadowed or gray on the radar display. Proper use of the antenna tilt control can also help detect
radar shadows.
Attenuation can also be due to poor maintenance or degradation of the radome. Even the smallest amount
of wear and scratching, pitting, and pinholes on the radome surface can cause damage and system inefficiency.

RADAR SIGNAL REFLECTIVITY

Precipitation
Precipitation or objects more dense than water, such as the surface of the earth or solid structures, are
detected by the weather radar. The weather radar does not detect clouds, thunderstorms, or turbulence
directly. It detects precipitation associated with clouds, thunderstorms, and turbulence. The best radar
signal reflectors are raindrops, wet snow, or wet hail. The larger the raindrop, the better the reflectivity. The
size of the precipitation droplet is the most important factor in radar reflectivity. Because large drops in a
small concentrated area are characteristic of a severe thunderstorm, the radar displays the storm as a strong
return. Ice crystals, dry snow, and dry hail have low levels of reflectivity as shown in the illustration, and
often not displayed by the radar. Additionally, a cloud that contains only small raindrops, such as fog or
drizzle, does not reflect enough radar energy to produce a measurable target return.

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Figure 6-90 Precipitation Type and Reflectivity

Ground Returns
The intensity of ground target returns depends upon the angle at which the radar beam strikes the
ground target (Angle of Incidence) and the reflective properties of that target. The gain can be adjusted so
shorelines, rivers, lakes, and cities are well defined. Increasing the gain too much causes the display to fill
in between targets, thus obscuring some landmarks.
Cities normally provide a strong return signal. While large buildings and structures provide good returns,
small buildings can be shadowed from the radar beam by the taller buildings. As the aircraft approaches
and shorter ranges are selected, details become more noticeable as the highly reflective regular lines and
edges of the city become more defined.
Bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, and oceans are not good reflectors and normally do not provide good
returns. The energy is reflected in a forward scatter angle with inadequate energy being returned. They
can appear as dark areas on the display. However, rough or choppy water is a better reflector and provides
stronger returns from the downwind sides of the waves.
Mountains also provide strong return signals to the antenna, but also block the areas behind. However,
over mountainous terrain, the radar beam can be reflected back and forth in the mountain passes or off
canyon walls, using up all or most of the radar energy. In this case, no return signal is received from this
area, causing the display to show a dark spot which could indicate a pass where no pass exists.

Angle of Incidence
The angle at which the radar beam strikes the target is called the Angle of Incidence. The figure illustrates
the incident angle (‘A’). This directly affects the detectable range, the area of illumination, and the intensity
of the displayed target returns. A large incident angle gives the radar system a smaller detectable range and
lower display intensity due to minimized reflection of the radar energy.

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Figure 6-91 Angle of Incidence

A smaller incident angle gives the radar a larger detectable range of operation and the target display shows
a higher intensity. Since more radar energy is reflected back to the antenna with a low incident angle, the
resulting detectable range is increased for mountainous terrain.

SAFE OPERATING DISTANCE

The following information establishes a minimum safe distance from the antenna for personnel near
operating weather radar. The minimum safe distance is based on the FCC’s exposure limit at 9.3 to 9.5 GHz for
general population/uncontrolled environments, which is 1 mW/cm2. See Advisory Circular 20-68B for more
information on safe distance determination.

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL (MPEL)

The zone in which the radiation level exceeds the US Government standard of 1 mW/cm2 is the semicircular
area of at least 12 feet from the 12-inch antenna. All personnel must remain outside of this zone. With a
scanning or rotating beam, the averaged power density at the MPEL boundary is significantly reduced.

MPEL
Boundary

12’ for 12”

antenna

Figure 6-92 MPEL Boundary

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BASIC ANTENNA TILT SETUP

The following discussion is a simple method for setting up the weather radar antenna tilt for most situations.
It is not to be considered an all encompassing setup that works in all situations, but this method does provide
good overall parameters for the monitoring of threats. Ultimately, it is desired to have the antenna tilted so that
the bottom of the radar beam is four degrees below parallel with the ground. The following example explains
one way of achieving this.
With the aircraft flying level, adjust the antenna tilt so ground returns are displayed at a distance that equals
the aircraft’s current altitude (AGL) divided by 1,000. For example, if the aircraft is at 14,000 feet, adjust the
tilt so the front edge of ground returns are displayed at 14 nautical miles. Note this antenna tilt angle setting.
Now, raise the antenna tilt 6 degrees above this setting. The bottom of the radar beam is now angled down 4º
from parallel with the ground.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION USING THE BASIC TILT SETUP

With the antenna tilt set as previously described, any displayed target return should be scrutinized when
flying at altitudes between 2,000 and 30,000 feet AGL. If the displayed target advances on the screen to
within five nautical miles of the aircraft, avoid it. This may be either weather or ground returns that are
2,000 feet or less below the aircraft. Raising the antenna tilt 4 degrees can help separate ground returns from
weather returns in relatively flat terrain. This aligns the bottom of the radar beam parallel with the ground.
Return the antenna tilt to the previous setting after a few sweeps.
If the aircraft is above 29,000 feet, be cautious of any target return that gets to within 30 nautical miles.
This is likely a thunderstorm that has a top high enough that the aircraft cannot fly over it safely.
If the aircraft altitude is 15,000 feet or lower, setting the displayed range to 60 miles may be more helpful.
Closely monitor anything that enters the display.
Also, after setting up the antenna tilt angle as described previously, ground returns can be monitored for
possible threats. The relationship between antenna tilt angle, altitude, and distance is one degree of tilt equals
100 feet of altitude for every one nautical mile.

4000
Vertical Change of Radar Beam (feet)

3000
Change in Antenna Tilt
+4° 2000
+3°
+2° 1000
+1°
0° 0
-1°
-2°
-3°
1000
-4°
2000
3000
4000
10 nm

Figure 6-93 Vertical Change in Radar Beam per Nautical Mile

Therefore, with the antenna tilt set so that the bottom of the beam is four degrees below parallel with
the ground, a target return at 10 nm is approximately 4,000 feet below the aircraft; at 20 nm, 8,000 feet;
at 50 nm, 20,000 feet. In other words, at this tilt setting, a ground return (such as a mountain peak) being

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displayed at 10 nm would have a maximum distance below the aircraft of 4,000 feet. A ground target return
being displayed at 5 nm would have a maximum distance below the aircraft of 2,000 feet.
This setup provides a good starting point for practical use of the GWX 68/70. There are many other factors
to consider in order to become proficient at using weather radar in all situations.

WEATHER MAPPING AND INTERPRETATION

WEATHER DISPLAY INTERPRETATION
When evaluating various target returns on the weather radar display, the colors denote precipitation
intensity and rates shown in the table.

Approximate
Weather Mode Color Intensity Precipitation Rate
(in/hr.)
Black < 23 dBZ < .01.
Green 23 dBZ to < 32 dBZ .01 - 0.1.
Yellow 32 dBZ to < 41 dBZ 0.1 - 0.5
Red 41 dBZ to < 50 dBZ 0.5 - 2
Magenta 50 dBZ and greater >2

Table 6-10 Precipitation Intensity Levels

Thunderstorms
Updrafts and downdrafts in thunderstorms carry water through the cloud. The more severe the drafts, the
greater the number and size of the precipitation droplets. With this in mind, the following interpretations
can be made from what is displayed on the weather radar. Avoid these areas by an extra wide margin.
• In areas where the displayed target intensity is red or magenta (indicating large amounts of precipitation),
the turbulence is considered severe.
• Areas that show steep color gradients (intense color changes) over thin bands or short distances suggest
irregular rainfall rate and strong turbulence.
• Areas that show red or magenta are associated with hail or turbulence, as well as heavy precipitation.
Vertical scanning and antenna tilt management may be necessary to identify areas of maximum intensity.

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Along squall lines (multiple cells or clusters of cells in a line) individual cells may be in different stages
of development. Areas between closely spaced, intense targets may contain developing clouds not having
enough moisture to produce a return. However, these areas could have strong updrafts or downdrafts.
Targets showing wide areas of green are generally precipitation without severe turbulence.
Irregularities in the target return may also indicate turbulence, appearing as hooks, fingers, or scalloped
edges. These irregularities may be present in green areas with no yellow, red, or magenta areas and should
be treated as highly dangerous areas. Avoid these areas as if they are red or magenta.
Squall Line

Steep Gradient Hook or Finger Scalloped Edge

Figure 6-94 Cell Irregularities

Thunderstorm development is rapid. A course may become blocked within a short time. When displaying
shorter ranges, periodically select a longer range to see if problems are developing further out. That can
help prevent getting trapped in a blind alley or an area that is closed at one end by convective weather.

Figure 6-95 The Blind Alley - Horizontal Scan

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In areas of multiple heavy cells, use the Vertical Scan feature along with antenna tilt management to
examine the areas. Remember to avoid shadowed areas behind targets.

The Blind Alley at Close Range The Large Storm Behind

Figure 6-96 The Blind Alley

Tornadoes
There are no conclusive radar target return characteristics which identify a tornado. However, tornadoes
may be present if the following characteristics are observed:
• A narrow, finger-like portion extends and in a short time curls into a hook and closes on itself.
• A hook, which may be in the general shape of the numeral 6 (numeral 9 in the southern hemisphere),
especially if bright and projecting from the southwest quadrant (northeast quadrant in the southern
hemisphere) of a major thunderstorm.
• V-shaped notches.
• Doughnut shapes.
These shapes do not always indicate tornadoes, and tornado returns are not limited to these characteristics.
Confirmed radar observations of tornadoes most often have not shown shapes different from those of a
normal thunderstorm display.

Hail
Hail results from updrafts carrying water high enough to freeze. Therefore, the higher the top of a
thunderstorm, the greater the probability that it contains hail. Vertically scanning the target return can
give the radar top of a thunderstorm that contains hail. Radar top is the top of a storm cell as detected by
radar. It is not the actual top, or true top of the storm. The actual top of a storm cell is seen with the eyes
in clear air and may be much higher than the radar top. The actual top does not indicate the top of the
hazardous area.
Hail can fall below the minimum reflectivity threshold for radar detection. It can have a film of water on
its surface, making its reflective characteristics similar to a very large water droplet. Because of this film of
water, and because hail stones usually are larger than water droplets, thunderstorms with large amounts
of wet hail return stronger signals than those with rain. Some hail shafts are extremely narrow (100 yards
or less) and make poor radar targets. In the upper regions of a cell where ice particles are dry (no liquid
coating), target returns are less intense.

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Hail shafts are associated with the same radar target return characteristics as tornados. U-shaped cloud
edges three to seven miles across can also indicate hail. These target returns appear quite suddenly along
any edge of the cell outline. They also change in intensity and shape in a matter of seconds, making vigilant
monitoring essential.

OPERATION IN WEATHER MODE

WARNING: Begin transmitting only when it is safe to do so. When transmitting while the aircraft is on the
ground, no personnel or objects should be within 12 feet of the antenna.

CAUTION: In Standby mode, the antenna is parked at the center line. It is always a good idea to put the
radar in Standby mode before taxiing the aircraft to prevent the antenna from bouncing on the bottom stop
and possibly causing damage to the radar assembly.
When the weather radar system is in the Weather or Ground Map mode, the system automatically switches
to Standby mode on landing.
In Reversionary mode, the weather radar system automatically switches to Standby mode. The system
remains in Standby mode until both displays are restored. In Reversionary mode, the weather radar system
cannot be controlled.
Radar Mode Scan Line Antenna Stabilization Status

Figure 6-97 Horizontal Scan Display

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Displaying weather on the Weather Radar Page:

1) Select the Weather Radar Page in the Map Page Group with the FMS Knob.
2) Select the MODE Softkey.
3) While on the ground, select the STANDBY Softkey. For the GWX 68, a one-minute warm-up period is initiated
(countdown is displayed on the screen). After the warm-up is complete, the radar enters the Standby Mode. The
warm-up period is not applicable to the GWX 70.
a) Select the WEATHER Softkey. A confirmation window is displayed.

Figure 6-98 Confirming Activating Radar

b) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight YES and press the ENT Key to continue radar activation.
Or: 
If the aircraft is airborne, select the WEATHER Softkey. For the GWX 68, a one-minute warm-up period is
initiated (countdown is displayed on the screen). After the warm-up is complete, the radar begins transmitting.
The warm-up period is not applicable to the GWX 70.
4) Turn the Joystick to select the desired map range.
5) The horizontal scan is initially displayed (Figure 6-97). If desired, select the VERTICAL Softkey to change to
vertical scanning.

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Vertically scanning a storm cell:

NOTE: Vertical scanning of a storm cell should be done with the aircraft wings level to avoid constant
adjustment of the Bearing Line.
1) While in the Horizontal Scan view, select the BRG Softkey. This places the cursor in the BEARING field and
displays the Bearing Line.
If the Bearing Line is not displayed, press the MENU Key and turn the large FMS Knob to select Show Bearing
Line. Press the ENT Key.
2) Press the ENT Key.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to place the Bearing Line on the desired storm cell or other area to be vertically
scanned.
Scan Line Bearing Line

Figure 6-99 Bearing Line on Horizontal Scan

4) Select the VERTICAL Softkey. A vertical scan of the selected area is displayed (Figure 6-100).
5) The small FMS Knob may be used to move the scanned bearing line a few degrees right or left.
6) Turn the Joystick to adjust the range.
7) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.
8) To select a new area to be vertically scanned, select the HORIZON Softkey to return to the Horizontal Scan view
and repeat the previous steps.
The Joystick can also be used to adjust bearing from left to right.

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Figure 6-100 Vertical Scan Display

Adjusting Antenna Tilt Angle

In order to make an accurate interpretation of a storm cell, the radar beam should be pointed at the wet
part of the weather cell to record the proper rainfall intensity (color level). The ideal aiming point is just
below the freezing level of the storm. The best way to find this point is to use the Vertical Scan feature. The
antenna tilt angle can be centered on the strongest return area in the vertical scan to get a more accurate
view of the coverage and intensity of the target in the horizontal scan.
Adjusting antenna tilt on the Horizontal Scan display:
1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor in the TILT field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired antenna tilt angle.
3) Press the ENT Key.
4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.
The Joystick can also be used to adjust tilt up and down.

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Adjusting antenna tilt on the Vertical Scan display:

1) Select the TILT Softkey to activate the cursor in the TILT field and display the Tilt Line.
If the Tilt Line is not displayed, press the MENU Key and turn the large FMS Knob to select Show Tilt Line. Press
the ENT Key.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to adjust the antenna tilt angle. The selected tilt angle is implemented when Horizontal
Scan is selected again.
The Joystick can also be used to adjust tilt.
Tilt Line

Scan Line

Figure 6-101 Adjusting Tilt on Vertical Scan Display

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Adjusting Gain:

WARNING: Changing the gain in weather mode causes precipitation intensity to be displayed as a color
not representative of the true intensity. Remember to return the gain setting to Calibrated for viewing the
actual intensity of precipitation.

1) Select the GAIN Softkey to activate the cursor in the GAIN field.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to adjust the gain for the desirable level. The gain setting is visible in the GAIN field
as a movable horizontal bar in a flashing box. The line pointer is a reference depicting the calibrated position.
3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.
4) Select the GAIN Softkey again to recalibrate the gain. ‘CALIBRATED’ is displayed in the GAIN field.

Manual Gain Set Below Calibrated Calibrated Gain

Figure 6-102 Gain Calibration

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Sector Scan:
1) While in horizontal scan mode, select the BRG Softkey to display the Bearing Line and place the cursor in the
BEARING field. If the Bearing Line is not displayed, press the MENU Key and turn the large FMS Knob to select
Show Bearing Line.
2) Press the ENT Key.

Figure 6-103 Selecting Sector Scan Position

3) Turn the small FMS Knob to place the Bearing Line in the desired position. The location of the Bearing Line
becomes the center point of the Sector Scan.
4) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the SECTOR SCAN field.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select FULL, 60˚, 40˚, or 20˚ scan.
6) If desired, readjust the Bearing Line as discussed previously to change the center of the Sector Scan.
7) Select the BRG Softkey again to remove the Bearing Line and cursor. The bearing reference is reset to 0º.

Figure 6-104 40˚ Sector Scan

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Antenna Stabilization
When radar stabilization is active, the radar tilt is corrected for pitch and roll, and therefore is kept steady
with respect to the horizon. The commanded tilt angle is kept constant with respect to the Earth. When the
stabilization is disabled, corrections are no longer made for pitch and roll, and the radar tilt angle is kept
constant with respect to the aircraft reference system.
Enabling/Disabling Antenna Stabilization:
1) To activate or deactivate the antenna stabilization, select the MODE Softkey.
2) Select the STAB ON Softkey to activate antenna stabilization or select the STAB OFF Softkey to deactivate. The
current stabilization condition is shown in the upper right of the weather radar display.

Weather Attenuated Color Highlight (WATCH®)

WATCH® identifies deceptively strong or unknown intensity parts of a storm. While in horizontal scan
mode, this feature can be used as a tool to determine areas of possible inaccuracies in displayed intensity due
to weakening of the radar energy. This weakening is known as attenuation. The radar energy weakens as
it passes through areas of intense precipitation, large areas of lesser precipitation, and distance. Issues with
the radome attenuates the radar energy. All these factors have an effect on the return intensity. The more
energy that dissipates, the lesser the displayed intensity of the return. Accuracy of the displayed intensity
of returns located in the shaded areas are suspect. Make maneuvering decisions with this information in
mind. Proper antenna tilt management should still be employed to determine the extent of attenuation in
a shaded area.
To activate or deactivate the WATCH® feature, select the WATCH Softkey.

Displayed intensity is questionable. Areas of

Potentially stronger than displayed. Attenuated Signal

Horizontal Scan Without WATCH® Horizontal Scan With WATCH®

Figure 6-105 Horizontal Scan Without and With WATCH®

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Weather Alert Target Bands and Alerts Window Message

The Weather Alert feature indicates the presence of heavy precipitation between the ranges of 80 and 320
nm regardless of the currently displayed range. Weather Alert targets appear as red bands along the outer
range ring at the approximate azimuth of the detected returns.
If a Weather Alert is detected within ±10° of the aircraft heading, and the WX ALRT Softkey is enabled
on the Weather Radar Page, the system also displays ‘WX ALERT - Possible severe weather ahead.’ on the
PFD in the Messages Window.
If the antenna tilt is adjusted too low, a weather alert can be generated by ground returns. To avoid
unwanted weather alerts, deselect the WX ALRT Softkey.
Weather Alert Target Bands

Figure 6-106 Weather Alert Indications

To enable or disable the Weather Alerts which appear in the Messages Window on the PFD, select the WX
ALRT Softkey. The system continues to display weather alert target bands on the Weather Radar Page even
if the PFD weather alert message is disabled.

Figure 6-107 Weather Alert on PFD

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GROUND MAPPING AND INTERPRETATION

A secondary use of the weather radar system is for the presentation of terrain. This can be a useful tool for
verifying aircraft position. A picture of the ground is represented much like a topographical map that can be
used as a supplement to the navigation map on the MFD.
Ground Map mode uses a different gain range than Weather mode. Different colors are also used to represent
the intensity levels. The displayed intensity of ground target returns are defined in the following table. Use
of the GAIN and TILT controls help improve contrast so that specific ground targets can be recognized more
easily. As previously discussed, the type and orientation of the target in relation to the aircraft affects the
intensity displayed.
When the weather radar system is in either the Weather or Ground Map mode, the system automatically
switches to Standby mode upon landing.

Ground Map
Intensity
Mode Color
Black 0 dB
Light blue > 0 dB to < 9 dB
Yellow 9 dB to < 18 dB
Magenta 18 dB to < 27 dB
Blue 27 dB and greater

Table 6-11 Ground Target Return Intensity Levels

Operation in Ground Map Mode

1) Select the MODE Softkey.
2) Select the GROUND Softkey to place the radar in Ground Map mode.
3) Select the BACK Softkey.
4) Select the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the TILT field.
6) Adjust the antenna tilt angle by turning the small FMS Knob to display ground returns at the desired distance.
7) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.

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WEATHER RADAR OVERLAY ON THE NAVIGATION MAP PAGE

The Map - Weather Radar Page is the principal map page for viewing airborne weather radar information.
Weather radar information may also be shown as an overlay on the Navigation Map Page on the MFD as an
additional reference.
When the airborne weather radar overlay is enabled, a weather radar information box appears in the upper-
right corner of the Navigation Map Page. It indicates the selected weather mode, radar bearing, and antenna
tilt angle. The overlay is capable of showing radar information while the radar is in horizontal scan mode.
If the radar is operating in vertical scan mode while the overlay is enabled, the system indicates ‘N/A’ in the
information box to indicate the airborne weather radar overlay is not available until the horizontal scan mode
is selected on the Weather Radar Page.
Radar Overlay Enabled Icon

Radar Mode
Selected
Radar Range Radar
Bearing
Scan Line
Antenna Tilt
Angle

Boundary of
Selected Radar
Scan

Navigation Map
Range

Figure 6-108 Airborne Weather Radar Overlay on the Navigation Map Page

Enabling/Disabling Airborne Weather Radar Overlay on the Navigation Map Page:

1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Select the MAP Softkey.
3) Select the WX RADAR Softkey.
Or:
1) On the Navigation Map Page, press the MENU Key.
2) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Weather’ group, then press the ENT Key.

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4) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the product selections and highlight the WX RADAR overlay selection
(‘On’ or ‘Off’). Turn the small FMS knob to highlight the desired selection.
5) To remove the menu, press the FMS Knob or CLR Key.
Weather radar controls on the Navigation Map Page are limited to adjustment of the radar range, bearing,
and antenna tilt angle. The airborne weather radar overlay is viewable at Navigation Map Ranges between five
and 800 nautical miles (ten to 1,500 kilometers). At map ranges beyond these limits, the system removes the
weather radar information from the map. Adjusting the range on the Navigation Map Page simultaneously
adjusts the range of the weather radar proportionally. This radar range is annunciated on the range arc that
appears when the overlay is enabled and a radar scan is active. When the radar range is adjusted on the
Navigation Map Page, system synchronizes the same range to the Weather Radar Page.
The radar bearing is adjustable in one degree increments on the Navigation Map Page by pushing the Joystick
left or right when the overlay is enabled. A left or right arrow next to the bearing readout indicates the direction
of the selected bearing. The cyan radar bearing line is only viewable on the Weather Radar Page. While the
bearing line is not shown on the Navigation Map Page, adjusting the bearing on the Navigation Map Page while
Sector Scan is enabled centers the radar scan on the selected bearing, and the radar scan boundaries adjust
accordingly on the Navigation Map Page.
Radar antenna tilt angle is adjustable in 0.25 degree increments on the Navigation Map Page. Push the
Joystick up to adjust the antenna tilt angle downward. Push the Joystick down to adjust the antenna tilt angle
upward. An up or down arrow next to the antenna tilt angle setting indicates the direction of the antenna tilt
angle.
The weather radar overlay uses the same colors as those shown on the Weather Radar Page to indicate the
intensity of radar returns. However, the display of gray WATCH radar attenuation and red weather alert
target bands is exclusive to the Weather Radar Page. Because data link radar precipitation and terrain present
information using similar colors, enabling the airborne weather radar overlay on the Navigation Map Page
disables the display of the data link radar and terrain information for this page.

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SYSTEM STATUS
The system displays the radar mode annunciation in the upper left corner of the Weather Radar Page. It
also appears in the upper right corner of the Navigation Map Page when the Weather Radar overlay is enabled.
Additional information may be displayed in the center of the Weather Radar Page as a banner annunciation.

Radar Mode Annunciation Box (Weather Weather Radar Page Center

Radar Mode
Radar Page and Navigation Map Page) Banner Annunciation
Standby STANDBY STANDBY
WARM-UP
Standby (During Warm-Up, XX
STANDBY
appliclble to GWX 68 only) (XX indicates number of
seconds remaining in warm-up)
Weather WEATHER None
Ground Mapping GROUND MAPPING None
Off OFF OFF
Radar Failed* FAIL RADAR FAIL
* See Table 6-13 for additional failure annunciations
Table 6-12 Radar Modes on the Weather Radar Page

The system displays the status of the radar antenna stabilization feature in the upper right corner of the
Weather Radar Page.

Radar Antenna
Description
Stabilization Status
STAB ON Antenna stabilization is selected on.
STAB OFF Antenna stabilization is selected off.
The radar is not receiving pitch and roll information.
STAB INOP
The antenna stabilization feature is inoperative.
Table 6-13 Antenna Stabilization Annunciations on the Weather Radar Page

If the unit fails, an annunciation as to the cause of the failure is shown as a banner in the center of the Weather
Radar Page

Weather Radar
Page Center Banner Description
Annunciation
BAD CONFIG The radar configuration is invalid. The radar should be serviced.
RDR FAULT The radar unit is reporting a fault. The radar should be serviced.
The system is not receiving valid data from the radar unit. The system
RADAR FAIL
should be serviced.

Table 6-14 Abnormal Radar Status Annunciations on the Weather Radar Page

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6.4 TAWS-B

WARNING: Do not use TAWS information for primary terrain and obstacle avoidance. TAWS is intended only
to enhance situational awareness.

NOTE: Terrain and obstacle information is not displayed if the aircraft is outside of the installed terrain
database coverage area.

NOTE: The data contained in the TAWS databases comes from government agencies. Garmin accurately
processes and cross-validates the data but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data.
TAWS-B (Terrain Awareness and Warning System - Class B) provides increased situational awareness and aids
in reducing controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). TAWS-B provides visual annunciations and voice alerts when
terrain and obstacles are within the given altitude threshold from the aircraft. The displayed alerts and warnings
are advisory in nature only.
TAWS-B satisfies TSO-C151b Class B requirements for certification.
TAWS-B requires the following to operate properly:
• Valid terrain and obstacle databases
• A valid 3-D GPS position solution
TAWS-B uses terrain and obstacle information supplied by government sources. Terrain information is based
on terrain elevation information in a database that may contain inaccuracies. Individual obstructions may be
shown if available in the database. Garmin verifies the data to confirm accuracy of the content, per TSO-C151b.
However, the displayed information should never be understood as being all-inclusive and data may be inaccurate.
TAWS-B uses information provided from the GPS receiver to provide a horizontal position and altitude. GPS
altitude is derived from satellite measurements. GPS altitude is then converted to the height above geodetic
sea level (GSL), which is the height above mean sea level (MSL) calculated geometrically. The system uses GSL
altitude to determine TAWS-B alerts. GSL altitude accuracy is affected by satellite geometry, but is not subject
to variations in pressure and temperature that normally affect pressure altitude sensors. GSL altitude does not
require local altimeter settings to determine MSL altitude. It is a widely-used MSL altitude source. Therefore,
GSL altitude provides a highly accurate and reliable MSL altitude source to calculate terrain and obstacle alerts.
The terrain and obstacle databases used by TAWS-B are referenced to MSL. Using the GPS position and GSL
altitude, TAWS-B displays a 2-D picture of the surrounding terrain and obstacles relative to the position and
altitude of the aircraft. Furthermore, the system uses the GPS position and GSL altitude to calculate and “predict”
the aircraft’s flight path in relation to the surrounding terrain and obstacles. In this manner, TAWS-B can provide
advanced alerts of predicted dangerous terrain and obstacle conditions.
Baro-corrected altitude (or indicated altitude) is derived by adjusting the altimeter setting for local atmospheric
conditions. The most accurate baro-corrected altitude can be achieved by frequently updating the altimeter
setting to the nearest reporting station along the flight path. However, because actual atmospheric conditions
seldom match the standard conditions defined by the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) model (where
pressure, temperature, and lapse rates have fixed values), it is common for the baro-corrected altitude (as read
from the altimeter) to differ from the GSL altitude shown on the TAWS-B Page.

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TAWS-B provides the following alert types:

• Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA) Alerting, which consists of:
• Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) / Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) Alerting
• Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) / Imminent Obstacle Impact (IOI) Alerting
• Premature Descent Alerting (PDA)
• Excessive Descent Rate (EDR) Alerting
• Negative Climb Rate (NCR) after takeoff Alerting
• Descent to 500 Feet Altitude Voice Call Out (VCO) Alert

DISPLAYING TAWS-B DATA

TAWS-B uses yellow (caution) and red (warning) to depict terrain and obstacles (with heights greater than
200 feet above ground level, AGL) alerts relative to aircraft altitude. Colors are adjusted automatically as the
aircraft altitude changes. The colors and symbols in the following figure and tables are used to represent terrain,
obstacles, and potential impact points.
Potential Impact Point

Projected Flight Path Terrain above or

within 100 ft
100 ft Threshold below the aircraft
Unlighted Obstacle altitude

1000 ft

Terrain between 100 ft and 1000 ft below the

aircraft altitude

Terrain more than 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude

On the TAWS-B Page only, a gray shade of purple indicates no terrain data is available.
Figure 6-109 Terrain Altitude/Color Correlation for TAWS-B

Unlighted Obstacle Lighted Obstacle

Obstacle Location
< 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL < 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL
Red obstacle is above or within 100 ft
below the aircraft altitude

Yellow obstacle is between 100 ft and

1000 ft below the aircraft altitude

Gray obstacle* is more than 1000 ft below

aircraft altitude

* Gray obstacles not shown on the TAWS-B Page.

Table 6-15 TAWS-B Obstacle Colors and Symbology

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Potential Impact
Alert Type Example Annunciation
Point Symbol
Warning

Caution

Table 6-16 TAWS-B Potential Impact Point Symbols with Alert Types

TAWS-B information can be displayed on the following maps:

• PFD Inset Navigation Map • Trip Planning Page
• Navigation Map Page • Flight Plan Pages
• TAWS-B Page • System Pages (when terrain is enabled on the
Navigation Map Page)
TAWS-B relative terrain and obstacle information is also available for display in the Profile View Window on
the Navigation Map Page. Refer to the Profile View Terrain discussion in this section for more information.
Displaying terrain and obstacle information (maps except the TAWS-B Page or PFD Inset Navigation
Map):
1) Press the MAP Softkey.
2) Press the TERRAIN Softkey to display terrain and obstacle data.

Displaying terrain and obstacle information on the PFD Inset Navigation Map:
1) On the PFD, press the INSET Softkey (in non-TCAS II installations) or the TRFC/MAP Softkey (TCAS II
installations).
2) If the PFD Inset Map is showing the traffic map, press the TFRC-2 Softkey to display the navigation map.
3) Press the TERRAIN Softkey to display terrain and obstacle data.
The system displays a TAWS-B icon with the terrain legend when terrain and obstacles are enabled on MFD
maps. The legend appears without the terrain icon on the dedicated TAWS-B Page.

Figure 6-110 TAWS-B Icon and Legend

The Navigation Map Page Setup Menu provides a means in addition to the softkey for enabling/disabling
display of terrain and obstacles. The setup menu also controls the map range settings above which terrain and
obstacle data are decluttered from the display. If the crew selects a map range larger than the selected map
range setting, the data is removed from the map. For terrain data, the enable/disable function applies only to
the MFD, while the range setting also affects the PFD Inset Map.

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Terrain data can be selected for display independently of obstacle data; however, obstacles for which warnings
and cautions are issued are shown when terrain is selected for display and the map range is within the setting
limit.
Maps besides the TAWS-B Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page. The
maximum display ranges for obstacles on each map are dependent on the range setting made for the Navigation
Map. If the maximum range for obstacle display on the Navigation Map is adjusted to below 20 nm, the highest
obstacle display range settings on the other applicable maps are also adjusted proportionally.

Customizing terrain and obstacle display on the Navigation Map Page:

1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-111).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Map’ Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-112).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections (Figure 6-113).
• TERRAIN DATA – Enables/disables display of terrain data and sets maximum range at which terrain is shown
• OBSTACLE DATA – Enables/disables display off obstacle data and sets maximum range at which obstacles are shown
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options for each product (ON/OFF, range settings).
7) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.

Figure 6-111 Navigation Map Page Menu

Figure 6-112 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-113 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Map Group

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TAWS-B PAGE
The Map - TAWS-B Page is specialized to show terrain, obstacle, and potential impact point data in relation
to the aircraft’s current altitude, without clutter from the basemap. It is the principal map page for viewing
TAWS-B information. Aviation data (airports, VORs, and other NAVAIDs) can be displayed for reference. If an
obstacle and the projected flight path of the aircraft intersect, the display automatically zooms in to the closest
potential point of impact on the TAWS-B Page.
Aircraft orientation on this map is always heading up unless there is no valid heading. Two views are available
relative to the position of the aircraft: the 360° default display and the radar-like ARC (120°) display. Map range
is adjustable with the Joystick from one to 200 nm, as indicated by the map range rings (or arcs).
Displaying the TAWS-B Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the TAWS-B Page.

Changing the TAWS-B Page view:

1) Select the VIEW Softkey.
2) Select the 360 or ARC Softkey to select the desired view.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Select ‘View Arc’ or ‘View 360º’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key to change the view

Showing/hiding aviation information on the TAWS-B Page:

1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Select ‘Show Aviation Data’ or ‘Hide Aviation Data’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key.

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Red Terrain Aircraft Altitude

(Terrain Above Above Geodetic Sea
or Within 100’ Level (GSL)
Below the Aircraft
Altitude)
Black Terrain
(Terrain More than
1000’ Below the
Red obstacle is Aircraft Altitude)
above or within
100’ below the
aircraft altitude

Yellow Terrain
(Terrain Between Map Range Rings
100’ and 1000’
Below the Aircraft
Altitude)

Yellow obstacle is Terrain Legend

between 100’ and
1000’ Below the Annunciation Window
Aircraft Altitude

Figure 6-114 TAWS-B Page

Red Terrain
(Terrain Above Aircraft Altitude
or Within 100’ Above Geodetic
Below the Sea Level (GSL)
Aircraft Altitude)

Map Range Arc

Black Terrain
(Terrain More
Yellow Terrain than 1000’
(Terrain Below the
Between Aircraft Altitude)
100’ and
1000’ Below Yellow obstacle
the Aircraft is between
Altitude) 100’ and 1000’
below the
aircraft altitude
Red obstacle is
above or within Terrain Legend
100’ below the Annunciation Window
aircraft altitude

Figure 6-115 TAWS-B Page (ARC View)

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TAWS-B ALERTS
Alerts are issued when flight conditions meet parameters that are set within TAWS-B software algorithms.
TAWS-B alerts typically employ a CAUTION or a WARNING alert severity level, or both. When an alert is
issued, the system provides visual annunciations and voice alerts. Table 6-17 shows TAWS-B alert types with
corresponding annunciations and voice alerts.
When an alert is issued, annunciations appear on the PFD and MFD. The TAWS-B Alert Annunciation is
shown to the upper left of the Altimeter on the PFD and below the Terrain Legend on the MFD. If the TAWS-B
Page is not displayed at the time, a pop-up alert appears on the MFD. To acknowledge the pop-up alert:
• Press the CLR Key (returns to the currently viewed page), or
• Press the ENT Key (accesses the TAWS-B Page)

Alert Annunciation

Figure 6-117 Navigation Map Page

Figure 6-116 TAWS-B PFD Alert Annunciation
TAWS-B Pop-up Alert

Terrain Display Enabled

Terrain Legend

Alert Annunciation

Figure 6-118 Navigation Map Page

(After TAWS-B Pop-up Alert Acknowledgment)

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PFD/MFD TAWS-B MFD Map Page

Alert Type Page Pop-Up Alert Voice Alert
Annunciation (except TAWS-B Page)
Excessive Descent Rate “Pull Up”
Warning (EDR)
Reduced Required Terrain “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up”
Clearance Warning (RTC)
Imminent Terrain Impact “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up”
Warning (ITI)
Reduced Required Obstacle “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”
Clearance Warning (ROC)
Imminent Obstacle Impact “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”
Warning (IOI)
Reduced Required Terrain “Caution, Terrain; Caution, Terrain”
Clearance Caution (RTC)
Imminent Terrain Impact “Caution, Terrain; Caution, Terrain”
Caution (ITI)
Reduced Required Obstacle “Caution, Obstacle; Caution, Obstacle”
Clearance Caution (ROC)
Imminent Obstacle Impact “Caution, Obstacle; Caution, Obstacle”
Caution (IOI)
Premature Descent Alert “Too Low, Terrain”
Caution (PDA)
Negative Climb Rate Caution “Don’t Sink”
(NCR)
Excessive Descent Rate
“Sink Rate”
Caution (EDR)
Altitude Voice Callout (VCO) None None “Five-Hundred”
Table 6-17 TAWS-B Alerts

EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE ALERT

The purpose of the Excessive Descent Rate (EDR) alert is to provide suitable notification when the
aircraft is determined to be closing (descending) upon terrain at an excessive speed. Figure 6-119 shows the
parameters for the alert as defined by TSO-C151b.

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6000

5500

5000

4500
”
Height Above Terrain (Feet) NK RATE
: “SI
4000

ion
3500
Caut
3000

2500

2000

1500 Warning: “PULL UP”

1000

500

0
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000
Descent Rate (FPM)

Figure 6-119 Excessive Descent Rate Alert Criteria

FORWARD LOOKING TERRAIN AVOIDANCE (FLTA)

The Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance feature of TAWS-B compares the aircraft’s projected flight path
with known terrain and obstacles in their respective databases and issues four types of alerts as either a
caution or a warning:
Reduced Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) and Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC)
alerts are issued when the aircraft flight path is above terrain, yet is projected to come within the minimum
clearance values in Figure 6-120. When an RTC alert is issued, a potential impact point is displayed on the
TAWS-B Page.
Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) and Imminent Obstacle Impact (IOI) alerts are issued when the
aircraft is below the elevation of a terrain or obstacle cell in the aircraft’s projected path. ITI and IOI alerts
are accompanied by a potential impact point displayed on the TAWS-B Page. The alert is annunciated when
the projected vertical flight path is calculated to come within minimum clearance altitudes in Figure 6-120.

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Required Terrain Clearance

RTC Level (FT) RTC Descending (FT)
800

700

600
Required Terrain Clearance (FT)

500

400

300

200

100

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Distance From Runway (NM)

Figure 6-120 FLTA Minimum Terrain and Obstacle Values

FLTA alerts are automatically inhibited when the aircraft is less than 200 feet above the destination runway
elevation while within 0.5 nm of the approach runway or the aircraft is between runway ends.

PREMATURE DESCENT ALERTING

A Premature Descent Alert (PDA) is issued when the system detects that the aircraft is significantly
below the normal approach path to a runway (Figure 6-121).
PDA alerting begins when the aircraft is below 700 feet AGL within 15 nm of the destination airport and
ends when the aircraft is 0.5 nm from the runway threshold.
800

700
Height Above Destination (Feet)

600

500

400

300

200 PDA ALERTING AREA

100

0
0

10

11

12

13

14

15

Distance to Destination (NM)

Figure 6-121 PDA Alerting Threshold

PDA and FLTA visual annunciations and voice alerts can be manually inhibited. Discretion should be used
when inhibiting these alerts, and the system should be enabled when appropriate. When PDA and FLTA
alerts are inhibited, the alert annunciation ‘TAWS INH’ is shown on the PFD and MFD (Figure 6-122).

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Figure 6-122 TAWS Alerting Disabled

(TAWS-B Inhibited) Annunciation

Inhibiting/enabling TAWS-B PDA and FLTA alerting:

1) Select the TAWS-B Page.
2) Select the INHIBIT Softkey to inhibit or enable TAWS (choice dependent on current state).
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key.
b) Select ‘Inhibit TAWS’ or ‘Enable TAWS’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key.
If TAWS-B alerts are inhibited when the Final Approach Fix is the active waypoint in a GPS SBAS approach,
a ‘LOW ALT’ annunciation may appear on the PFD next to the Altimeter if the current aircraft altitude is at
least 164 feet below the prescribed altitude at the Final Approach Fix. See the Flight Instruments Section for
details.

FIVE HUNDRED ALTITUDE VOICE CALLOUT ALERT

The purpose of the voice alert “Five-hundred” is to provide an advisory alert of when the aircraft descends
to within 500 feet above the terrain or runway threshold. When the aircraft is within 5 nm of an airport, the
“Five Hundred” voice alert is based on the nearest runway threshold elevation. When the aircraft is more
than 5 nm of the nearest airport, the “Five Hundred” voice alert is based on the height above terrain.
There are no display annunciations or pop-up alerts that accompany the “Five Hundred” voice alert.

NEGATIVE CLIMB RATE AFTER TAKEOFF ALERT

The Negative Climb Rate (NCR) After Takeoff alert (also referred to as “Altitude Loss After Takeoff”)
provides alerts when the system determines the aircraft is losing altitude (closing upon terrain) after takeoff.
The voice alert “Don’t Sink” is given for NCR alerts, accompanied by an annunciation and a pop-up terrain
alert on the display. NCR alerting is only active when departing from an airport and when the following
conditions are met:
• Height above the terrain is less than 700 feet
• Distance from the departure airport is 2 nm or less
• Heading change from the departure heading is less than 110 degrees
Figures 6-114 and 6-115 shows the NCR alerting parameters based on altitude loss and sink rate, respectively,
as defined by TSO-C151b.

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1000

900

800

Height Above Terrain (Feet)

700

600

500

400 “DON’T SINK”

300

200

100

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Altitude Loss (Feet)

Figure 6-123 Negative Climb Rate (NCR) Altitude Loss

1000

900

800
Height Above Terrain (Feet)

700

600

500

400
“DON’T SINK”
300

200

100

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000

Sink Rate (FPM)

Figure 6-124 Negative Climb Rate (NCR) Sink Rate

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SYSTEM STATUS
During power-up, TAWS-B conducts a self-test of its visual annunciations and voice alerts. The system test
can also be manually initiated. The system issues a voice alert when the test has concluded. TAWS-B System
Testing is disabled when ground speed exceeds 30 knots.

TAWS-B
PFD/MFD Alert
Alert Type Page Center Voice Alert
Annunciation
Annunciation
System Test in Progress TAWS TEST None
System Test Pass None None “TAWS System Test OK”
TAWS-B System Test Fail TAWS FAIL “TAWS System Failure”

Table 6-18 TAWS-B System Test Status Annunciations

Manually testing the TAWS-B System:

1) Select the TAWS-B Page.
2) Press the MENU Key (Figure 6-125).
3) Select ‘Test TAWS System’ and press the ENT Key to confirm the selection.

Figure 6-125 TAWS-B Page Menu

TAWS-B continually monitors several system-critical items such as database validity, hardware status, and
GPS status. If the terrain/obstacle database is not available, the voice alert “TAWS System Failure” is generated
along with the ‘TAWS FAIL’ alert annunciation.
TAWS-B requires a 3-D GPS navigation solution along with specific vertical accuracy minimums. Should the
navigation solution become degraded or if the aircraft is out of the database coverage area, the annunciation
‘TAWS N/A’ is generated in the annunciation window and on the TAWS-B Page. The voice alert “TAWS Not
Available” is generated. When sufficient GPS signal is received and the aircraft is within the terrain database
coverage area, the voice alert “TAWS Available” is generated.

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PFD/MFD* TAWS-B Page Center Banner

Alert Cause Voice Alert
Annunciation Annunciation
MFD Terrain or Obstacle None TERRAIN DATABASE FAILURE None
database unavailable or
invalid. TAWS operating
with PFD Terrain or Obstacle
databases
Terrain or Obstacle database TAWS FAIL “TAWS System Failure”
unavailable or invalid on all
displays, invalid software
configuration, TAWS audio
fault
No GPS position NO GPS POSITION “TAWS Not Available”

Excessively degraded GPS None “TAWS Not Available”

signal, aircraft outside of
terrain database coverage area
*Annunciation appears on MFD pages when terrain is displayed.

Table 6-19 TAWS-B Abnormal Conditions

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6.5 TAWS-A

WARNING: Do not use TAWS information for primary terrain and obstacle avoidance. TAWS-A is intended
only to enhance situational awareness.

NOTE: Terrain and obstacle information is not displayed when the aircraft is outside of the installed database
coverage area.

NOTE: The data contained in the TAWS databases comes from government agencies. Garmin accurately
processes and cross-validates the data but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data.
TAWS-A (Terrain Awareness and Warning System - Class A) is an optional feature designed to increase situational
awareness and aid in reducing controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). TAWS-A provides visual annunciations and
voice alerts when terrain and obstacles are within the given altitude threshold from the aircraft. The displayed
alerts and warnings are advisory in nature only. When TAWS-A is installed, it supersedes the TAWS-B feature.
TAWS-A satisfies TSO-C151b Class A and TSO-92c requirements for certification.
Class A TAWS requires the following components:
• Valid terrain and obstacle databases
• A valid 3-D GPS position solution
• Valid flap and landing gear status inputs
• A valid radar altimeter
TAWS-A uses terrain and obstacle information supplied by government sources. Terrain information is based
on terrain elevation information in a database that may contain inaccuracies. Individual obstructions may be
shown if available in the database. The data undergoes verification by Garmin to confirm accuracy of the content,
per TSO-C151b. However, the displayed information should never be understood as being all-inclusive and data
may be inaccurate.
TAWS-A uses information from the GPS receiver to provide a horizontal position and altitude, along with
additional altitude input from the radar altimeter. GPS altitude is derived from satellite measurements. GPS
altitude is then converted to the height above geodetic sea level (GSL), which is the height above mean sea level
(MSL) calculated geometrically. GSL altitude is used in part to determine TAWS-A alerts. GSL altitude accuracy
is affected by satellite geometry, but is not subject to variations in pressure and temperature that normally affect
pressure altitude sensors. GSL altitude does not require local altimeter settings to determine MSL altitude. It is
a widely-used MSL altitude source. Therefore, GSL altitude provides a highly accurate and reliable MSL altitude
source to calculate terrain and obstacle alerts.
The terrain and obstacle databases are referenced to mean sea level (MSL). Using the GPS position and GPS-
GSL altitude, TAWS-A displays a 2-D picture of the surrounding terrain and obstacles relative to the position and
altitude of the aircraft. Furthermore, the GPS position and GPS-GSL altitude are used to calculate and “predict”
the aircraft’s flight path in relation to the surrounding terrain and obstacles. In this manner, TAWS-A can provide
advanced alerts of predicted dangerous terrain and obstacle conditions.

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Class A TAWS incorporates radar altimeter input with the GPS-GSL altitude to provide a more accurate position
reference when at lower altitudes for certain alert types, and to retain a level of ground proximity warning capability
in the unlikely event of a terrain or obstacle database failure.
Baro-corrected altitude (or indicated altitude) is derived by adjusting the altimeter setting for local atmospheric
conditions. The most accurate baro-corrected altitude can be achieved by frequently updating the altimeter
setting to the nearest reporting station along the flight path. However, because actual atmospheric conditions
seldom match the standard conditions defined by the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) model (where
pressure, temperature, and lapse rates have fixed values), it is common for the baro-corrected altitude (as read
from the altimeter) to differ from the GPS-MSL altitude. This variation results in the aircraft’s true altitude
differing from the baro-corrected altitude.
TAWS-A provides the following alert types:
• Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA) Alerting, which consists of:
• Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) / Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) Alerting
• Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) / Imminent Obstacle Impact (IOI) Alerting
• Premature Descent Alerting (PDA)
• Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) Alerting, which consists of:
• Excessive Descent Rate (EDR) Alerting
• Excessive Closure Rate (ECR) to Terrain Alerting
• Flight Into Terrain (FIT) Alerting
• Negative Climb Rate (NCR) after takeoff Alerting
• Excessive below Glideslope/Glidepath Deviation (GSD) Alerting
• Altitude Voice Call Out (VCO) Alerting

DISPLAYING TAWS-A DATA

TAWS-A uses yellow (caution) and red (warning) colors to depict terrain and obstacles (with heights greater
than 200 feet above ground level, AGL) alerts relative to aircraft altitude. Colors are adjusted automatically as
the aircraft altitude changes. The colors and symbols in Figure 6-126 and Tables 6-18 and 6-19 are used to
represent terrain, obstacles, and potential impact points.

Potential Impact Point

Projected Flight Path Terrain above or

within 100 ft
100 ft Threshold below the aircraft
Unlighted Obstacle altitude

1000 ft

Terrain between 100 ft and 1000 ft below the

aircraft altitude

Terrain more than 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude

On the TAWS-A Page only, a gray shade of purple indicates no terrain data is available.
Figure 6-126 Terrain Altitude/Color Correlation for TAWS-A

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Unlighted Obstacle Lighted Obstacle

Obstacle Location
< 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL < 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL
Red obstacle is above or within 100 ft
below the aircraft altitude

Yellow obstacle is between 100 ft and

1000 ft below the aircraft altitude

Table 6-20 TAWS-B Obstacle Colors and Symbology

Potential Impact
Alert Type Example Annunciation
Point Symbol
Warning

Caution

Table 6-21 TAWS-B Potential Impact Point Symbols with Alert Types

TAWS-A information can be displayed on the following maps:

• PFD Inset Navigation Map • Trip Planning Page
• Navigation Map Page • Flight Plan Pages
• TAWS-A Page • System Pages (when terrain is enabled on the
Navigation Map Page)
TAWS-A relative terrain and obstacle information is also available for display in the Profile View Window
on the Navigation Map Page. Refer to the Profile View Terrain discussion in this section for more information.
Displaying terrain and obstacle information (maps except the TAWS-A Page or PFD Inset Navigation
Map):
1) Press the MAP Softkey.
2) Press the TERRAIN Softkey to display terrain and obstacle data.

Displaying terrain and obstacle information on the PFD Inset Navigation Map:
1) On the PFD, press the INSET Softkey (in non-TCAS II installations) or the TRFC/MAP Softkey (TCAS II
installations).
2) If the PFD Inset Map is showing the traffic map, press the TFRC-2 Softkey to display the navigation map.
3) Press the TERRAIN Softkey to display terrain and obstacle data.

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The system displays a TAWS-A icon with the terrain legend when terrain and obstacles are enabled on MFD
maps. The legend appears without the terrain icon on the dedicated TAWS-A Page.

Figure 6-127 TAWS-A Icon and Legend

The Navigation Map Page Setup Menu provides a means in addition to the softkey for enabling/disabling
display of terrain and obstacles. The setup menu also controls the map range settings above which terrain and
obstacle data are decluttered from the display. If the crew selects a map range larger than the selected map
range setting, the data is removed from the map. For terrain data, the enable/disable function applies only to
the MFD, while the range setting also affects the PFD Inset Map.
Terrain data can be selected for display independently of obstacle data; however, obstacles for which warnings
and cautions are issued are shown when terrain is selected for display and the map range is within the setting
limit.
Maps besides the TAWS-A Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page. The
maximum display ranges for obstacles on each map are dependent on the range setting made for the Navigation
Map. If the maximum range for obstacle display on the Navigation Map is adjusted to below 20 nm, the highest
obstacle display range settings on the other applicable maps are also adjusted proportionally.
Customizing terrain and obstacle display on the Navigation Map Page:
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-128).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Map’ Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-129).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections (Figure 6-130).
• TERRAIN DATA – Enables/disables display of terrain data and sets maximum range at which terrain is shown
• OBSTACLE DATA – Enables/disables display off obstacle data and sets maximum range at which obstacles are shown
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options for each product (ON/OFF, range settings).
7) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.

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Figure 6-128 Navigation Map Page Menu

Figure 6-129 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-130 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Map Group

TAWS-A PAGE
The Map - TAWS-A Page shows terrain, obstacle, and potential impact point data in relation to the aircraft’s
current altitude, without clutter from the basemap. It is the principal map page for viewing TAWS-A
information. Aviation data (airports, VORs, and other NAVAIDs) can be displayed for reference. If an
obstacle and the projected flight path of the aircraft intersect, the display automatically adjusts the map range
as necessary to emphasize the display of potential impact points.
Aircraft orientation on this map is always heading up unless there is no valid heading. Two views are
available relative to the position of the aircraft: the 360° default display and the radar-like ARC (120°) display.
Map range is adjustable with the Joystick from one to 200 nm, as indicated by the map range rings (or arcs).
Displaying the TAWS-A Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the TAWS-A Page.

Changing the TAWS-A Page view:

1) Select the VIEW Softkey.
2) Select the 360 or ARC Softkey to select the desired view.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Select ‘View Arc’ or ‘View 360º’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key to change the view

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Showing/hiding aviation information on the TAWS-A Page:

1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Select ‘Show Aviation Data’ or ‘Hide Aviation Data’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key.

Red Terrain Aircraft Altitude

(Terrain Above Above Geodetic Sea
or Within 100’ Level (GSL)
Below the Aircraft
Altitude)
Black Terrain
(Terrain More than
1000’ Below the
Red obstacle is Aircraft Altitude)
above or within
100’ below the
aircraft altitude

Yellow Terrain Map Range Rings

(Terrain Between
100’ and 1000’
Below the Aircraft
Altitude) Terrain Legend

Annunciation Window
Yellow obstacle is
between 100’ and
1000’ below the
aircraft altitude
Figure 6-131 TAWS-A Page (360 View)

Red Terrain
(Terrain Above Aircraft Altitude
or Within 100’ Above Geodetic
Below the Sea Level (GSL)
Aircraft Altitude)

Map Range Arc

Black Terrain
(Terrain More
Yellow Terrain than 1000’
(Terrain Below the
Between Aircraft Altitude)
100’ and
1000’ Below
the Aircraft
Altitude)
Terrain Legend

Red obstacle is Annunciation Window

above or within
100’ below the
aircraft altitude

Figure 6-32 TAWS-A Page (Arc View)

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TAWS-A ALERTS
Alerts are issued when flight conditions meet parameters that are set within TAWS-A software algorithms.
TAWS-A alerts typically employ a CAUTION or a WARNING alert severity level, or both. When an alert is
issued, visual annunciations are displayed simultaneously with voice alerts. Table 6-22 shows TAWS-A alert
types with corresponding visual annunciations and voice messages.
When an alert is issued, annunciations appear on the PFD and MFD. The TAWS-A Alert Annunciation is
shown to the upper left of the Altimeter or upper right of the Airspeed indicator on the PFD and below the
Terrain Legend on the TAWS-A Page of the MFD. If the TAWS-A Page is not already displayed on the MFD, a
pop-up alert appears on the MFD while an alert is active. To acknowledge the pop-up alert:
• Press the CLR Key (returns to the currently viewed page), or
• Press the ENT Key (accesses the TAWS-A Page)

PFD with TAWS-A Annunciations

MFD Pop-Up Alert (except TAWS-A Page) MFD TAWS-A Page with Alert Annunciation

Figure 6-133 TAWS-A Annunciations

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PFD/MFD TAWS-A MFD Map Page

Alert Type Page Pop-Up Alert (except Voice Alert
Annunciation TAWS-A Page)
Reduced Required Terrain Clearance “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up”
Warning (RTC)
Imminent Terrain Impact Warning (ITI) “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up”
Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”
Warning (ROC)
Imminent Obstacle Impact Warning “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”
(IOI)
Excessive Descent Rate Warning (EDR) “<whoop> <whoop> Pull Up”
Excessive Closure Rate Warning (ECR) “<whoop> <whoop> Pull Up”
Reduced Required Terrain Clearance “Caution, Terrain; Caution, Terrain”
Caution (RTC)
Imminent Terrain Impact Caution (ITI) “Caution, Terrain; Caution, Terrain”

Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance “Caution, Obstacle; Caution, Obstacle”

Caution (ROC)
Imminent Obstacle Impact Caution “Caution, Obstacle; Caution, Obstacle”
(IOI)
Premature Descent Alert Caution “Too Low, Terrain”
(PDA)
Excessive Descent Rate Caution (EDR) “Sink Rate”
Excessive Closure Rate Caution (ECR) “Terrain, Terrain”
Negative Climb Rate Caution (NCR) * “Don’t Sink”
Flight Into Terrain High Speed Caution “Too Low, Terrain”
(FIT)
Flight Into Terrain Gear Caution (FIT) “Too Low, Gear”
Flight Into Terrain Flaps Caution (FIT) “Too Low, Flaps”
Flight Into Terrain Takeoff Caution “Too Low, Terrain”
(FIT)
Glide Slope/Glide Path Deviation “Glide Slope”
Caution (GSD) or or or
“Glide Path”
(depends on approach type)
Altitude Voice Callout (VCO) None None “Five-Hundred”, “Four-Hundred”, “Three-Hun-
dred”, “Two-Hundred”, “One-Hundred”
Table 6-22 TAWS-A Alerts

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FORWARD LOOKING TERRAIN AVOIDANCE

The Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance feature of TAWS-A compares the aircraft’s projected flight path
with known terrain and obstacles in their respective databases and issues four types of alerts as either a
caution or a warning:
Reduced Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) and Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC)
alerts are issued when the aircraft flight path is above terrain, yet is projected to come within the minimum
clearance values in Figure 6-134. When an RTC alert is issued, a potential impact point is displayed on the
TAWS-A Page.
Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) and Imminent Obstacle Impact (IOI) alerts are issued when the
aircraft is below the elevation of a terrain or obstacle cell in the aircraft’s projected path. ITI and IOI alerts
are accompanied by a potential impact point displayed on the TAWS-A Page. The alert is annunciated when
the projected vertical flight path is calculated to come within minimum clearance altitudes in Figure 6-134.

Required Terrain Clearance

RTC Level (FT) RTC Descending (FT)
800

700
(FT)

600
Clearance
Terrain Clearance (FT)

500
Terrain

400
Required

300
Required

200

100

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Distance From Runway (NM)

Distance From Runway (NM)

Figure 6-134 FLTA Alert Minimum Terrain and Obstacle Clearance Values

FLTA alerts are automatically disabled when the aircraft is less than 200 feet above the destination runway
elevation while within 0.5 nm of the approach runway, or the aircraft is between runway ends.

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PREMATURE DESCENT ALERTING

A Premature Descent Alert (PDA) is issued when the system detects that the aircraft is significantly
below the normal approach path to a runway (Figure 6-135).
PDA alerting begins when the aircraft is below 700 feet AGL within 15 nm of the destination airport and
ends when the aircraft is 0.5 nm from the runway threshold.
800

700
Height Above Destination (Feet)

600

500

400

300

200 PDA ALERTING AREA

100

0
0

10

11

12

13

14

15
Distance to Destination (NM)
Figure 6-135 PDA Alerting Threshold

Inhibiting FLTA and PDA Alerts

NOTE: The ‘Inhibit TAWS’ function only inhibits FLTA and PDA alerts. Alerting for GPWS alerts (EDR, ECR,
NCR, FIT) and GSD is controlled independently from FLTA and PDA alerts.
FLTA and PDA voice alerts and visual annunciations can be manually inhibited. Discretion should be
used when inhibiting alerts and the system should be enabled when appropriate. When PDA and FLTA
alerts are inhibited, the alert annunciation ‘TAWS INH’ is shown on the PFD and on the TAWS-A Page
annunciation window of the MFD (Figure 6-136).

Figure 6-136 TAWS-A Page Menu and Inhibit Annunciation

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Inhibiting/enabling FLTA and PDA alerting:

1) Select the TAWS-A Page.
2) Select the TAWS INH Softkey to inhibit or enable TAWS-A (choice dependent on current state).
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key. (Figure 6-136)
2) Select ‘Inhibit TAWS’ or ‘Enable TAWS’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key.
If PDA and FLTA alerts are inhibited when the Final Approach Fix is the active waypoint in a GPS
SBAS approach, a ‘LOW ALT’ annunciation may appear on the PFD next to the Altimeter if the current
aircraft altitude is at least 164 feet below the prescribed altitude at the Final Approach Fix. See the Flight
Instruments Section for details.

EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE ALERT

The purpose of the Excessive Descent Rate (EDR) alert is to provide suitable notification when the
aircraft is determined to be closing (descending) upon terrain at an excessive speed. Figure 6-137 shows the
parameters for the alert as defined by TSO-C151b.
6000

5500

5000

4500
”
RATE
Height Above Terrain (Feet)

NK
: “SI
4000

ion
3500
Caut
3000

2500

2000

1500 Warning: “PULL UP”

1000

500

0
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

Descent Rate (Feet Per Minute))

Figure 6-137 Excessive Descent Rate Alert Criteria

EXCESSIVE CLOSURE RATE ALERT

The Excessive Closure Rate (ECR) alert provides suitable notification when the aircraft is determined to
be closing upon terrain at an excessive speed for a given aircraft gear and flap configuration.
Figures 6-125 and 6-126 show the ECR alerting criteria for flaps in the landing configuration and for all
other flight phases respectively.
ECR alerts are automatically inhibited when the aircraft is 5 nm from the nearest airport, except when FLTA
is not available (causing the TAWS N/A or TAWS FAIL annunciation), in which case ECR alerting will remain
active until landing.

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Height Above Terrain (Feet)

Closure Rate (FPM)

Figure 6-138 Excessive Closure Rate Alert Criteria (Flaps Up or Takeoff Configuration)
Height Above Terrain (Feet)

Closure Rate (FPM)

Figure 6-139 Excessive Closure Rate Alert Criteria (Flaps in Landing Configuration)

FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN ALERT

Flight Into Terrain (FIT) caution alerts occur when the aircraft is too low with respect to terrain and
the gear or flaps are not configured for landing. The aircraft may also be above or below the recommended
approach speed. FIT alerts are issued when flight conditions meet the criteria shown in Figure 6-140.

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Height Above Terrain (Feet)

*
*

Altitude Rate (FPM)

* Flap position will not trigger alert if Flap Override option is enabled; see discussion below.

Figure 6-140 Flight Into Terrain Alert Criteria (Aircraft Configuration)

To reduce nuisance FIT alerts on approaches where flap extension is not desired (or is intentionally delayed),
the pilot may override FIT alerting based on the flap position, while all other FIT alerting remains in effect.

Figure 6-141 TAWS-A Page Menu and FIT Flap Override Annunciation

Overriding Flaps-based FIT alerting:

1) Select the TAWS-A Page
2) Select the FLAP OVR Softkey
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key. (Figure 6-141)
2) Select ‘Flap Override’ or ‘Disable Flap Override’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key.

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When the Flaps Override option is enabled, the annunciation ‘FLAP OVR’ is annunciated on the PFD and
on the TAWS-A Page of the MFD (Figure 6-141). If GPWS alerts are also inhibited (which include FIT), the
‘FLAP OVR’ annunciation is not shown.
FIT alerts also occur during takeoff or go-around if the aircraft’s height above ground level (as determined
by the radar altimeter) is too close to rising terrain. TAWS-A issues issue the voice alert “Too Low - Terrain”
and visual annunciations when conditions enter the caution alert area (Figure 6-142).
Height Above Terrain (Feet)

“TOO LOW, TERRAIN”

Radio Altitude Loss (Feet)

Figure 6-142 FIT Alerting After Takeoff

NEGATIVE CLIMB RATE AFTER TAKEOFF ALERT

The Negative Climb Rate (NCR) After Takeoff alert (also referred to as “Altitude Loss After Takeoff”)
provides alerts when the system determines the aircraft is losing altitude (closing upon terrain) after takeoff.
The voice alert “Don’t Sink” is given for NCR alerts, accompanied by a visual annunciation and a pop-up
terrain alert on the MFD if the TAWS-A Page is not already displayed. NCR alerting for TAWS-A is only active
when departing from an airport and when the following conditions are met:
• Height above the terrain is less than 700 feet
• Distance from the departure airport is 5 nm or less
• Heading change from the departure heading is less than 110 degrees
• Landing gear or flaps are configured for takeoff
Figures 6-143 and 6-144 show the NCR alerting parameters based on altitude loss and sink rate, respectively,
as defined by TSO-C151b

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1000

900

800

Height Above Terrain (Feet)

700

600

500

400 “DON’T SINK”

300

200

100

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Altitude Loss (Feet)

Figure 6-143 Negative Climb Rate (NCR) Altitude Loss

1000

900

800
Height Above Terrain (Feet)

700

600

500

400 “DON’T SINK”

300

200

100

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000

Sink Rate (FPM)

Figure 6-144 Negative Climb Rate (NCR) Sink Rate

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Inhibiting GPWS Alerts (EDR, ECR, FIT, and NCR)

NOTE: The ‘Inhibit GPWS’ function only affects GPWS alerts (EDR, ECR, NCR, and FIT). Alerting for FLTA,
PDA, and GSD is controlled independently from GPWS alerts.
EDR, ECR, FIT, and NCR alerts can be manually inhibited as a group. Discretion should be used when
inhibiting alerts and the GPWS system should be enabled when appropriate. When these alerts are
inhibited, the status annunciation ‘GPWS INH’ is shown on the PFD and on the TAWS-A Page annunciation
window of the MFD (Figure 6-145).

Figure 6-145 TAWS-A Page Menu and GPWS Inhibit Annunciation

Inhibiting/enabling GPWS alerting:

1) Select the TAWS-A Page.
2) Select the GPWS INH Softkey to inhibit or enable GPWS alerts (choice dependent on current state).
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key. (Figure 6-145)
b) Select ‘Inhibit GPWS’ or ‘Enable GPWS’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key.

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EXCESSIVE BELOW GLIDESLOPE/GLIDEPATH DEVIATION ALERT

A Glideslope Deviation or Glidepath Deviation (GSD) caution alert is issued when the system detects
that the aircraft is significantly below the glidepath for the selected approach in relation to the aircraft’s height
above terrain (Figure 6-146).

Radio Altitude (Feet)

“GLIDESLOPE”
or
“GLIDEPATH”

Number of Dots Below Glideslope/Glidepath

Figure 6-146 Excessive Below Glideslope/Glidepath Deviation Alert Criteria

GSD alerting is available as the aircraft approaches a runway and the following conditions are met:
• An ILS, LPV, or LNAV/VNAV approach is active and vertical navigation indications are being displayed.
• Aircraft altitude is below 1000 feet AGL.
• Aircraft distance is within 5 nm of the runway, but greater than 1000 feet from the runway (if GPS position
is available).
• Gear is configured for landing.
When a GSD caution alert occurs on an ILS approach, the visual annunciation and voice alert ‘GLIDESLOPE’
is issued. If a GSD caution alert occurs on an LPV or LNAV/VNAV approach, the visual annunciation and
voice alert ‘GLIDEPATH’ is issued (Figure 6-147).

Inhibiting GSD Alerts

NOTE: GSD alerting may only be inhibited while a GSD alert is occurring. GSD alerts are inhibited
independently from all other FLTA, PDA, and GPWS alerts.
During a GSD alert, the PFD Softkeys are displayed as shown in Figure 6-147 to provide an option to
inhibit the alert. A ‘GLIDESLOPE’ alert provides a GS INH Softkey to inhibit the alert. A ‘GLIDEPATH’
alert provides a GP INH Softkey to inhibit the alert. When an inhibit softkey is pressed, the PFD softkeys
return to the top-level display. Press the BACK Softkey to return to the top level of the PFD softkeys
without inhibiting the GSD alert.

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Or:

Or:

Figure 6-147 GSD Alert and PFD Softkeys

GSD alerts may also be inhibited on the TAWS-A Page while a GSD alert is occurring.
Inhibiting/Enabling GSD alerting (only available during a GSD alert):
1) Select the TAWS-A Page.
2) Select the GS INH or GP INH Softkey to inhibit or enable GSD alerts (softkey choice dependent on present GSD
alert type).
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key. (Figure 6-148)
2) Select the option to inhibit or enable the glideslope or glidepath alerting (choice dependent on present GSD
alert type) and press the ENT Key.

Figure 6-148 TAWS-A Page Menu and Glideslope Alerting Inhibited Annunciation

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The annunciation ‘GS INH’ or ‘GP INH’ is displayed on the PFD and TAWS-A Page when GSD Alerting
is inhibited. Discretion should be used when inhibiting GSD alerts. Inhibiting GSD alerts has no effect on
the vertical guidance provided by the flight instruments.

ALTITUDE VOICE CALLOUT (VCO)

TAWS-A provides altitude advisory voice alerts as the aircraft descends. VCO alerts are based on the height
above terrain when the aircraft is more than 5 nm from an airport, or the height above the nearest runway
threshold elevation if within 5 nm of an airport.
VCO alerts begin at 500 feet with the voice alert “Five Hundred”. Maintenance personnel may configure
additional VCO alerts to occur at 400, 300, 200 and 100 feet during descent.
There are no display annunciations or pop-up alerts that accompany the VCO alert(s).

SYSTEM STATUS
During power-up, TAWS-A conducts a self-test of its visual annunciations and voice alerts. The system test
can also be manually initiated. The system issues a voice alert when the test has concluded. TAWS-A System
Testing is disabled when ground speed exceeds 30 knots. TAWS-A terrain alerts will not be issued while a test
is in progress.

PFD/MFD TAWS-A Additional

Alert Type Page Status TAWS-A Page Voice Alert
Annunciation Annunciation
TAWS System Fail TAWS FAIL “TAWS System Failure”

GPWS System Fail None “GPWS System Failure”

System Test in progress TAWS TEST None

System Test pass None None “TAWS System Test OK”

Table 6-23 TAWS-A System Test Status Annunciations

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Manually testing the TAWS-A System:

1) Select the TAWS-A Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) Select ‘Test TAWS System’ and press the ENT Key to confirm the selection (Figure 6-149).

Figure 6-149 TAWS-A Page Menu

TAWS-A ABNORMAL OPERATIONS

TAWS-A continually monitors several system-critical items such as database validity, flap and landing gear
position, radar altimeter input, and GPS status.
If no display contains Terrain or Obstacle databases (or the databases are invalid), the voice alert “TAWS
System Failure” is generated along with the ‘TAWS FAIL’ alert annunciation.
TAWS-A requires a 3-D GPS navigation solution along with specific vertical accuracy minimums. Should the
navigation solution become degraded or if the aircraft is out of the database coverage area, the annunciation
‘TAWS N/A’ is generated in the annunciation window and on the TAWS-A Page. The voice alert “TAWS Not
Available” is also generated if airborne, and some TAWS-A terrain alerts will not be issued (Table 6-24), while
GPWS alerting (which are not dependent on GPS position) will continue to operate. When the GPS signal is
restored and the aircraft is within the database coverage area, the voice alert “TAWS Available” is generated.
TAWS-A also requires radar altimeter input. Should the radar altimeter input fail or become degraded, the
annunciation ‘GPWS FAIL’ is generated in the annunciation window and on the TAWS-A Page. The voice alert
“GPWS System Failure” is also generated. The ‘GPWS FAIL’ annunciation will also occur if both GPS altitude
and barometric altitude are unavailable. If only the GPWS system has failed, GPWS-based alerts will not be
available (Table 6-24), while other TAWS-A alerting remains unaffected.

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TAWS
PFD/MFD Alert
TAWS-A Page Center Banner
Alert Type TAWS-A Page Voice Alert Types
Annunciation
Annunciation Not
Available

TAWS System Test Fail; Terrain or

Obstacle database unavailable
“TAWS System
or invalid on all GDUs; software † TAWS FAIL FLTA, PDA
Failure”
mismatch among GDUs; TAWS
audio fault
MFD Terrain or Obstacle database
unavailable or invalid. TAWS
None TERRAIN DATABASE FAILURE None
operating with PFD Terrain or
Obstacle databases
No GPS position “TAWS Not FLTA, PDA,
NO GPS POSITION Available” GSD*
VCO †
Excessively degraded GPS signal, or None “TAWS Not FLTA, PDA
out of database coverage area Available”
Sufficient GPS signal reception None None “TAWS Available”
restored (voice alert only in
flight)
Radar Altimeter invalid, Vertical † None “GPWS System EDR, ECR,
Speed Invalid, GPS and Baro Failure” NCR, FIT,
Altitude invalid, Software mismatch GSD
among GDUs, TAWS configuration
mismatch among GDUs, TAWS
audio fault
* GSD alert will be available if a valid ILS is being used for navigation, even if no valid GPS signal is being received.
† VCO alerts are not issued if both TAWS and GPWS systems have failed or are not available.
Table 6-24 TAWS-A Abnormal Status Alerts

If the aircraft bank angle exceeds 30˚, TAWS-A will disable ECR alerts. ECR alert availability returns when
the bank angle is reduced for at least eight seconds.
On an ILS, LPV, or LNAV/VNAV approach, GSD alerting will not be available if the glidepath exceeds ten
degrees.

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6.6 PROFILE VIEW TERRAIN

The system offers a Profile View of terrain and obstacles relative to the aircraft’s current flight path and altitude
on the Navigation Map Page of the MFD. This Profile View does not provide terrain or obstacle caution or
warning annunciations or voice alerts systems, nor does it display potential impact points inside the Profile View.
The system uses the same colors as the respective TAWS System (TAWS-A or TAWS-B) colors and symbols to
represent terrain and obstacles within the Profile View. Refer to the TAWS discussions for more information about
terrain and obstacle color correlation and symbology for more information.
Enabling/Disabling Profile View:
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MAP Softkey.
3) Press the PROFILE Softkey to enable or disable Profile View.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Select ‘Show Profile View’ or ‘Hide Profile View’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key.

Enabling/Disabling Profile View Terrain on the Navigation Map (when Profile View is enabled):
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MAP Softkey.
3) Press the TERRAIN Softkey.

PROFILE VIEW DISPLAY

When the Profile View is enabled, it is displayed in a window below the Navigation Map. Altitude is shown
along a vertical scale, with an aircraft icon positioned at the current altitude. Distance is represented horizontally
along the bottom of the Profile View, and increases from left (present position) to right.
When the Navigation Map range is adjusted with the Joystick, the horizontal distance of the Profile View is
adjusted proportionately to be 1/2 of the Navigation Map range distance down to one nautical mile, at which
point Profile View is no longer available (‘PROFILE NOT AVAILABLE’ is displayed).
When terrain and obstacles are shown on the Navigation Map Page, this information also appears in the
Profile View Window. If the Navigation Map range is adjusted beyond the maximum map range for terrain and
obstacle data appear on the Navigation Map, this information is also removed from the Profile View Window.
Refer to the TAWS discussions for information selecting the maximum map range to display terrain and obstacles
on navigation maps.

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Profile Path

Range
Markers Terrain Legend
Navigation Map
Range

Altitude Scale
Profile View Length
is One Half of the
Navigation Map
Range

Distance Scale
Figure 6-150 Profile View on Navigation Map with Terrain Display Enabled

Obstacles with heights greater than 200 feet AGL appear relative to aircraft altitude along the altitude scale.
The top of the obstacle symbol on the scale represents the obstacle’s height AGL. If the obstacle’s height AGL
is higher than can be represented by the obstacle symbol itself (e.g. for unusually tall obstacles), a vertical line
appears below the obstacle symbol in order to depict the top of the obstacle symbol at its height AGL, as shown
in Figure 6-151.

Figure 6-151 Profile View with Tall Obstacles

PROFILE PATH
The contents of the Profile View Window are based on the current aircraft track (or heading if track is
unavailable), and the system shows the highest known terrain or obstacles within a predetermined width from
the present position to the end of the profile range inside the Profile View Window. This width is determined by

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the phase of flight, as annunciated on the HSI, and is widest during enroute and oceanic phases, and narrowest
during approach and departure phases (Table 6-25).

Total Profile
Flight Phase
View Width
Approach 0.6 nm
Departure 0.6 nm
Terminal 2.0 nm
Enroute 4.0 nm
Oceanic 4.0 nm
Table 6-25 Profile View Width Scale

The Profile Path display is a visual cue which represents the horizontal and lateral boundaries of the Profile
View on the Navigation Map Page. This path is depicted as a white rectangle and is only available when Profile
View is enabled. White range markers both edges of the Profile Path match the range markers along the
distance scale inside the Profile View Window. The Profile View distance must be at least four nautical miles
(or 7.5 km if configured for metric units) in order for the path display to appear on the Navigation Map Page.
The pilot can enable or disable the Profile Path display on the Navigation Map. The pilot can also select
the maximum navigation map range to show the Profile Path. If a map range is selected beyond the selected
maximum range, the system removes the Profile Path display.
Customizing the Profile Path display on the Navigation Map Page:
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-152).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Profile’ Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-153).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections (Figure 6-154).
• PROFILE PATH – Turns the display of the Profile Path on or off and sets maximum range at which Profile Path
is shown
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options (ON/OFF, range settings).
7) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.

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Figure 6-152 Navigation Map Page Menu

Figure 6-153 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu

Figure 6-154 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu,
Profile Group

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6.7 TRAFFIC INFORMATION SERVICE (TIS)

WARNING: Do not rely solely upon the display of traffic information to accurately depict all of the traffic
information within range of the aircraft. Due to lack of equipment, poor signal reception, and/or inaccurate
information from other aircraft, traffic may be present but not represented on the displays.

WARNING: Do not rely solely upon the display of traffic information for collision avoidance maneuvering.
The traffic display does not provide collision avoidance resolution advisories and does not under any
circumstances or conditions relieve the pilot’s responsibility to see and avoid other aircraft.

NOTE: TIS is available only when the aircraft is within the service volume of a TIS-capable terminal radar
site. Aircraft without an operating transponder are invisible to Traffic Advisory Systems (TAS), Traffic Alert
and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS), and to TIS. Aircraft without altitude reporting capability are shown
without altitude separation data or climb descent indication.

NOTE: TIS is disabled if another traffic system is installed.

Traffic Information Service (TIS) assists the flight crew in detection and avoidance of other aircraft. TIS uses the
Mode S transponder for the traffic data link. TIS receives traffic information from ground stations, and provides
updates every five seconds. The system displays up to eight traffic targets within a 7.5-nm radius, from 3000
feet below to 3500 feet above the requesting aircraft. The system displays traffic with the following symbology:

TIS Symbol Description

Non-Threat Traffic

Traffic Advisory (TA)

Traffic Advisory Off Scale

Table 6-26 TIS Traffic Symbols

A Traffic Advisory (TA) indicates that the current track of the intruder could result in a collision. When traffic
meets the advisory criteria for the TA, a solid amber circle symbol appears. A TA which is detected, but is outside
the range of the map, causes a banner message to appear in the lower left corner of the map and a half TA symbol
to appear at the relative bearing of the intruder.
TIS also provides a vector line showing the direction in which the traffic is moving, to the nearest 45°. Traffic
information for which TIS is unable to determine the bearing (non-bearing traffic) is displayed in the center of the
Traffic Map Page (Figure 6-159) or in a banner at the lower left corner of maps other than the Traffic Map Page
on which traffic can be displayed.

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The altitude difference between the requesting aircraft and other intruder aircraft is displayed above/below the
traffic symbol in hundreds of feet. If the other aircraft is above the requesting aircraft, the altitude separation
appears above the traffic symbol; if below, the altitude separation appears below. Altitude trend is displayed as
an up/down arrow (for vertical speeds at least 500 feet per minute in either direction) to the right of the target
symbol. Traffic symbols for aircraft without altitude reporting capability appear without altitude separation or
climb/descent information.

DISPLAYING TRAFFIC DATA

Traffic information can be displayed on the following maps (when TIS is operating):
• PFD Inset Map • Trip Planning Page
• Navigation Map Page • Nearest Pages
• Traffic Map Page • Active Flight Plan Page

Traffic information can also be displayed on the PFD when the Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) option is
installed and enabled. See the Additional Features Section for details.
Displaying traffic information (maps other than the Traffic Map Page):
1) Select the MAP Softkey.
2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey to display traffic data.
When traffic is selected on maps other than the Traffic Map Page, an the system displays a status icon to
indicate the feature is enabled for display.

Non-Threat
Traffic, 2500’
Above,
Descending

Traffic
Advisory,
500’ Below,
Climbing

Non-Threat
Traffic,
Altitude Not
Reported

TIS Banner Traffic Display

Annunciations Enabled Icon

Figure 6-155 TIS Traffic on the Navigation Map Page

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Displaying traffic information (PFD Inset Map):

1) Press the INSET Softkey.
2) Press the TRAFFIC Softkey to display traffic data on the inset map (TRFC-1).
3) Press the softkey again to display the traffic-only inset (TRFC-2).
4) Press the softkey again to remove traffic data.
The Navigation Map Page Setup Menu provides a means in addition to the softkey for enabling/disabling
display of traffic. The setup menu also controls the map range settings above which traffic data (symbols
and labels) are decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than the map range setting is selected, the
data is removed from the map. Maps besides the Traffic Map Page use settings based on those selected for the
Navigation Map Page.
Customizing traffic display on the Navigation Map Page:
1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-156).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Traffic’ Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-157).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections (Figure 6-158).
• TRAFFIC – Turns the display of traffic data on or off
• TRAFFIC MODE – Selects the traffic mode for display; select from:
- All Traffic - Displays all traffic
- TA ONLY - Displays Traffic Advisories only
• TRAFFIC SMBL – Selects the maximum range at which traffic symbols are shown
• TRAFFIC LBL – Selects the maximum range at which traffic labels are shown (with the option to turn off)
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options for each product (ON/OFF, range settings, etc.).
7) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.

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Figure 6-156 Navigation Map Page Menu

Figure 6-157 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-518 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Traffic Group

TRAFFIC MAP PAGE

The Traffic Map Page is specialized to show surrounding TIS traffic data in relation to the aircraft’s current
position and altitude, without clutter from the basemap. It is the principal map page for viewing TIS traffic
information. Aircraft orientation on this map is always heading up unless there is no valid heading. Map range
is adjustable with the Joystick from two to 12 nm, as indicated by the map range rings.
The traffic mode is annunciated in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page. When the aircraft is on the
ground, TIS automatically enters Standby Mode. Once the aircraft is airborne, TIS switches from Standby to
Operating Mode and the system begins to display traffic information. Refer to the System Status discussion for
more information.

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Displaying traffic on the Traffic Map Page:

1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Traffic Map Page.
3) Confirm TIS is in Operating Mode:
Select the OPERATE Softkey to begin displaying traffic.

Or:
a) Press the MENU Key.
b) Select ‘Operate Mode’ (shown if TIS is in Standby Mode) and press the ENT Key.
Traffic Mode Annunciation

Non-Threat
“TIS Not Available” Traffic, 2500’
Voice Alert Status Above,
Descending

Traffic Advisory
500’ Below,
Climbing

“Non-Bearing”
Traffic
(System Unable to
Determine Bearing)
Distance is 4.0 nm,
500’ Above,
Descending
Traffic
Advisory Off-
Scale, 400’ Non-Threat
Below, Level Traffic, Altitude
Not Reported
Traffic Status
Banners Select to
Mute “TIS Not
Available” Voice
Figure 6-159 Traffic Map Page Alert

TIS ALERTS
When the number of TAs on the Traffic Map Page increases from one scan to the next, the following occur:
• A single “Traffic” voice alert is generated.
• A ‘TRAFFIC’ Annunciation appears to the top left of the Attitude Indicator on the PFD, flashing for 5 seconds
and remaining displayed until no TAs are detected in the area.
• The PFD Inset Map is automatically displayed with traffic.
To reduce the number of nuisance alerts due to proximate aircraft, the “Traffic” voice alert is generated only
when the number of TAs increases. For example, when the first TA is displayed, a voice and visual annunciation
are generated. As long as a single TA remains on the display, no additional voice alerts are generated. If a second

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TA appears on the display or if the number of TAs initially decreases and then subsequently increases, another
voice alert is generated.

Inset Map
Displays When
TA is Detected

Figure 6-160 Traffic Annunciation (PFD)

A “TIS Not Available” (TNA) voice alert occurs when the TIS service becomes unavailable or is out of range.
TIS may be unavailable in the radar coverage area due to the following:
• Radar site TIS Mode S sensor is not operational or is out of service
• Traffic or requesting aircraft is beyond the maximum range of the TIS-capable Mode S radar site.
• Traffic or requesting aircraft is above the radar site in the cone of silence and out of range of an adjacent site.
• Traffic or requesting aircraft is below radar coverage. In flat terrain, the coverage extends from about 3000
feet upward at 55 miles. Terrain and obstacles around the radar site can further decrease radar coverage in all
directions.
• Traffic does not have an operating transponder.
The “TIS Not Available” (TNA) voice alert can be manually muted to reduce nuisance alerting. TNA muting
status is shown in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page.
Muting the “TIS Not Available” voice alert:
1) Select the Traffic Map Page.
2) Select the TNA MUTE Softkey. The status is displayed in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key.
b) Select ‘‘’Not Available” Mute On’ (shown if TNA muting is currently off) and press the ENT Key.

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SYSTEM STATUS
The system performs an automatic test of TIS during power-up. If TIS passes the test, TIS enters Standby
Mode (on the ground) or Operating Mode (in the air). If TIS fails the power up test, the system displays an
annunciation in the center of the Traffic Map Page.

Traffic Map Page

Center Banner Description
Annunciation
NO DATA Data is not being received from the transponder*
Data is being received from the transponder, but
DATA FAILED
a failure is detected in the data stream*

FAILED The transponder has failed*

UNAVAILABLE TIS is unavailable or out of range

* Contact a service center or Garmin dealer for corrective action
Table 6-27 TIS Failure Annunciations

System Test
has Failed

Data Not
Received from
Transponder

Figure 6-161 TIS Power-up Test Failure

The traffic mode is annunciated in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page. When the aircraft is on the
ground, TIS automatically enters Standby Mode. If traffic is selected for display on another map while Standby
Mode is selected, the traffic display enabled icon is crossed out (also the case whenever TIS has failed). Once
the aircraft is airborne, TIS switches to Operating Mode and traffic information is displayed. The mode can be
changed manually using softkeys or the page menu.

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Traffic Mode Annunciation Traffic Display Status Icon

Mode
(Traffic Map Page) (Other Maps)

TIS Operating OPERATING

STANDBY
TIS Standby
(also shown in white in center of page)

TIS Failed FAIL

Table 6-28 TIS Modes

Switching between TIS modes:

1) Select the Traffic Map Page.
2) Select the STANDBY or OPERATE Softkey to switch between modes. The mode is displayed in the upper left
corner of the Traffic Map Page.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key.
b) Select ‘Operate Mode’ or ‘Standby Mode’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key. The
annunciations to indicate the status of traffic information appear in a banner at the lower left corner
of maps on which traffic can be displayed (Table 6-26).

Traffic Status Banner

Description
Annunciation
A Traffic Advisory is outside the selected display range*
TA OFF SCALE
Annunciation is removed when traffic comes within the selected display range
System cannot determine bearing of Traffic Advisory**
TA X.X ± XX ↕ Annunciation indicates distance in nm, altitude separation in hundreds of feet, and
altitude trend arrow (climbing/descending)
Appears if traffic data is not refreshed within 6 seconds
AGE MM:SS If after another 6 seconds data is not received, traffic is removed from the display
The quality of displayed traffic information is reduced as the age increases
The displayed data is not current (6 to 12 seconds since last message)
TRFC COAST
The quality of displayed traffic information is reduced when this message is displayed
Traffic is removed because it is too old for coasting (12 to 60 seconds since last message)
TRFC RMVD
Traffic may exist within the selected display range, but it is not displayed
TRFC FAIL Traffic data has failed
NO TRFC DATA Traffic has not been detected
TRFC UNAVAIL The traffic service is unavailable or out of range
*Shown as symbol on Traffic Map Page
**Shown in center of Traffic Map Page
Table 6-29 TIS Traffic Status Annunciations

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6.8 TCAS II TRAFFIC

WARNING: Traffic information shown on system displays is provided to aid in visually acquiring traffic.
Traffic avoidance maneuvers are based upon TCAS II Resolution Advisories, ATC guidance, or positive visual
acquisition of conflicting traffic.

NOTE: TIS is disabled when TCAS II is installed.

NOTE: Refer to the TCAS II documentation for a detailed discussion of the TCAS II system.

TCAS II SYMBOLOGY
The optional TCAS II system is designed to help in detection and avoidance of other aircraft. TCAS II uses
an on-board interrogator-processor and the Mode S transponder for the air-to-air traffic data link. The system
displays traffic using the TCAS II symbology shown in Table 6-30.

TCAS Symbol Description

Non-Threat Traffic

Proximity Advisory (PA)

Traffic Advisory (TA)

Traffic Advisory Off Scale

Resolution Advisory (RA)

Resolution Advisory Off Scale

Table 6-30 TCAS II Symbol Description

A Non-threat Proximity Advisory, shown as an open white diamond, indicates that an intruding aircraft is at
greater than ±1200 feet relative altitude or the distance is beyond 5 nm.
A Proximity Advisory indicates that the intruding aircraft is within ±1200 feet and is within 6 nm range, but
is still not considered a threat.
A Traffic Advisory (TA) alerts the crew to a potentially hazardous intruding aircraft closing to within 20 to 48
seconds of a potential collision area. A Traffic Advisory that is beyond the selected display range is indicated by
a half TA symbol at the edge of the screen at the relative bearing of the intruder.

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A Resolution Advisory (RA) alerts the crew to intruding aircraft that are closing to within 15 to 35 seconds
of a potential collision area. RAs include vertical guidance maneuvers designed to increase or maintain vertical
separation from intruding aircraft. An RA that is beyond the selected display range is indicated by a half RA
symbol at the edge of the screen at the relative bearing of the intruder.

TCAS II ALERTS

NOTE: Refer to the TCAS II documentation for information on alerts generated by the TCAS II equipment.

When the TCAS II unit issues a TA or RA, the following occur:

• The traffic system generates a voice alert when a TA or RA is displayed.
• A ‘TRAFFIC’ annunciation appears at the top right of the airspeed indicator on the PFD, flashes for 5 seconds
and remains displayed until no TAs or RAs are detected in the area. RA ‘TRAFFIC’ annunciations are white
text with red backgrounds; TA ‘TRAFFIC’ annunciations are black text with amber backgrounds. If a TA and
RA occur simultaneously, only the red and white RA ‘TRAFFIC’ annunciation is shown.
• The PFD Inset Map is automatically displayed with TA or RA traffic.
• During an RA only, voice alert(s) provide vertical guidance to resolve the traffic conflict while the PFD displays
pitch and vertical speed cues (Figure 6-162). Additional voice alerts occur to denote changes in the RA status.
RA Annunciation

TA Annunciation

Fly-To Vertical
Fly-To Pitch Cue Speed

No-Fly Pitch Cue No-Fly Vertical

Speed Range

Inset Map
Displays When TA
or RA is Detected

Traffic/Map Inset
Softkey
Figure 6-162 Traffic Annunciation with Resolution Advisory (PFD)

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RESOLUTION ADVISORIES
During an RA, vertical guidance indications appear on the Attitude Indicator and Vertical Speed indicators
of the PFD to provide visual pitch cues for the flight crew to use to achieve (or maintain) vertical separation
from intruding traffic (Figure 6-173).
During an RA, the Attitude Indicator depicts a range of pitch attitudes to avoid using no-fly pitch cues
positioned on the pitch ladder. The no-fly pitch cues are indicated by red open trapezoid-shaped areas
encompassing the range of pitch attitudes to be avoided during an RA. If an RA requires a change in existing
pitch attitude, a green rectangular fly-to pitch cue will appear above or below the no-fly pitch cue to indicate
recommended pitch attitudes. If multiple intruding aircraft limit available pitch travel in both directions, two
no-fly pitch cues will appear on the pitch ladder, indicating flight should occur between the two no-fly pitch
cues.
While an RA is occurring, the Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) shows a range of vertical speeds required to
resolve the traffic conflict. A red vertical bar appears on the VSI scale to indicate the range of vertical speeds
to be avoided during the RA. If the current aircraft vertical speed is within this red range, the pointer on the
VSI also becomes red. When an RA directs the flight crew to fly to (or maintain) a vertical speed, a green
vertical bar appears on the VSI scale at the recommended vertical speed range.
Pitch cues on the Attitude Indicator and vertical bars on the Vertical Speed Indicator are removed when the
RA condition has been resolved. The TCAS II system will also issue a voice alert when the aircraft is clear of
the RA conflict.

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Climb Descend

Maintain, Don’t Climb Maintain, Don’t Descend

Maintain, Don’t Climb and Don’t Descend Adjust Vertical Speed

Figure 6-163 Example Resolution Advisory Visual Cues

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SYSTEM TEST

NOTE: Refer to the TCAS II documentation for information on specific voice alerts issued during system
tests.
The TCAS II system can be tested on either the PFD or MFD.
On the PFD:
1) Press the XPDR/TFC Softkey.
2) Press the TCAS Softkey.
3) Press the TEST Softkey.
On the MFD:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Traffic Map Page.
3) Turn the Joystick to set the range to 2/6 nm to allow for full traffic test pattern display.
4) Select the TEST Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Turn the small FMS knob to select ‘Test Mode’.
3) Press the ENT Key.
When initiating the system test, the TCAS II unit issues the voice alert “TCAS Test”. A traffic test pattern is
displayed on the Traffic Map Page of the MFD, and on the Inset Map on the PFD (which appears if not already
displayed.) A Resolution Advisory (RA) alert annunciation is shown on the PFD, and pitch cues appear on the
attitude indicator and vertical speed indicator indicating not to descend, and not to climb greater than 2000 feet
per minute. The system test takes approximately eight seconds to complete. A voice alert indicates whether
the test has passed or failed. Visual annunciations also indicate a system test has failed (Tables 6-31, 6-32, and
6-33).

PFD MFD Traffic Map Page

Figure 6-164 TCAS II System Test Displays

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OPERATION

NOTE: The traffic system automatically changes modes based on certain flight parameters. Refer to the
TCAS II unit’s documentation for information on automatic mode selection.
To display TCAS II Traffic, the system must be in TA ONLY or TA/RA Mode. These modes can be accessed
on the PFD or on the Traffic Map Page of the MFD.
Switching from standby mode to TA only or TA/RA mode:
On the MFD:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Traffic Map Page.
3) Select the TA ONLY or TA/RA Softkey
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key and turn the small FMS knob to select ‘TA Only Mode’ or ‘TA/RA Mode’.
2) Press the ENT Key. The unit switches from Standby Mode to TA Only or TA/RA Mode as necessary.
On the PFD:
1) Press the XPDR/TFC Softkey.
2) Press the MODE Softkey.
3) Press the TA ONLY or TA/RA Softkey to select an operating mode.

Switching from TA ONLY or TA/RA mode to Standby Mode:

On the MFD:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Traffic Map Page.
3) Select the TFC STBY Softkey
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key and turn the small FMS knob to select ‘Traffic Standby Mode’.
2) Press the ENT Key.

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TRAFFIC MAP PAGE

The Map - Traffic Map Page shows surrounding TCAS II traffic data in relation to the aircraft’s current
position and altitude, without basemap clutter. It is the principal MFD map page for viewing TCAS II traffic.
Aircraft orientation is always heading up unless there is no valid heading. Map range is adjustable with the
Joystick from two to 40 nm, as indicated by the map range rings.
The traffic mode and altitude display mode are annunciated in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page.

Operating
Mode
Altitude Traffic Display
Mode Range Rings
Proximity
Traffic, 400’
Below, Level
Off Scale Traffic
Resolution Advisory
Advisory,
100’ Below,
Descending Traffic Advisory,
500’ Above,
“Non-Bearing” Climbing
(Bearing Unknown)
Resolution Advisory,
Distance 3.1 nm,
4500’ Below, Non-Threat
Climbing Traffic, 400’
Below, Level
Off Scale
Resolution
Advisory

Figure 6-175 Traffic Map Page

Displaying traffic on the Traffic Map Page:

1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Traffic Map Page.
3) Select the TA ONLY or TA/RA Softkey to begin displaying traffic. ‘TA ONLY’ or ‘TA/RA’ is displayed in the Traffic
mode field.
4) Select the REL or ABS Softkey to display the relative or absolute altitude of other aircraft.
5) Select the TFC STBY Softkey to place the system in the Standby Mode. ‘STANDBY’ is displayed in the Traffic
mode field.
6) Turn the Joystick clockwise to display a larger area or counter-clockwise to display a smaller area.

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Altitude Display
The flight crew can select the volume of airspace in which non-threat and proximity traffic is displayed.
Traffic Advisories (TAs) and Resolution Advisories (RAs) outside of these limits will always be shown.
Changing the altitude range:
On the PFD:
1) Press the XPDR/TFC Softkey.
2) Press the TCAS Softkey
3) Press the ALT RNG Softkey
4) Press one of the following altitude range Softkeys:
• ABOVE: Displays non-threat and proximity traffic from 9900 feet above the aircraft to 2700 feet below the
aircraft. Typically used during climb phase of flight.
• NORMAL: Displays non-threat and proximity traffic from 2700 feet above the aircraft to 2700 feet below
the aircraft. Typically used during enroute phase of flight.
• BELOW: Displays non-threat and proximity traffic from 2700 feet above the aircraft to 9900 feet below the
aircraft. Typically used during descent phase of flight.
• UNREST (unrestricted): All traffic is displayed
5) Press the BACK Softkey.
On the MFD:
1) On the Traffic Map Page, select the ALT RNG Softkey.
2) Select one of the following Softkeys (see softkey description in the previous step 4):
• ABOVE
• NORMAL
• BELOW
• UNRESTRICTED
3) To return to the Traffic Page, select the BACK Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select one of the following (see softkey description in the previous step 4):
• ABOVE
• NORMAL
• BELOW
• UNRESTRICTED
3) Select the ENT Softkey.

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Traffic Map Page Display Range

The display range on the Traffic Map Page can be changed at any time. Map range is adjustable with the
Joystick from two to 40 nm, as indicated by the map range rings.
Changing the display range on the Traffic Map Page:
1) Turn the Joystick.
2) The following range options are available:
• 2 nm
• 2 and 6 nm
• 6 and 12 nm
• 12 and 24 nm
• 24 and 40 nm

ADDITIONAL TRAFFIC DISPLAYS

Traffic information can be displayed on the following maps on the MFD when the unit is operating:
• Navigation Map Page • Nearest Pages
• Traffic Map Page • Active Flight Plan Page
• Trip Planning Page • System (SYS) Pages

Traffic information can also be displayed on the PFD when the Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) option
is installed and enabled. See the Additional Features Section for details.
Displaying traffic information (MFD maps other than the Traffic Map Page):
1) Select the MAP Softkey.
2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey. Traffic is now displayed on the map.
When traffic is selected on maps other than the Traffic Map Page, the system displays a traffic status icon
indicates traffic is enabled for display (Figure 6-176).

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Displaying traffic on the Navigation Map

1) Ensure the TCAS II system is operating. With the Navigation Map displayed, select the MAP Softkey.
2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey. Traffic is now displayed on the map as shown in the figure.

Proximity
Traffic
Traffic
Advisory

Resolution
Advisory

Non-Threat
Traffic
TA Off Scale
Banner
Traffic Overlay
Non-Bearing Enabled Icon
Resolution
and Traffic
Advisories
Figure 6-176 TCAS II Traffic on Navigation Map

Customizing the traffic display on the Navigation Map Page:

1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
2) Press the MENU Key.
3) With Map Setup highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-177).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Traffic Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-178).
5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through the selections (Figure 6-179).
• TRAFFIC – Turns the display of traffic data on or off
• TRAFFIC MODE – Selects the traffic mode for display; select from:
- All Traffic - Displays all traffic
- TA/RA/PA - Displays Traffic Advisories, Resolution Advisories, and Proximity Advisories
- TA/RA ONLY - Displays Traffic Advisories and Resolution Advisories only
• TRAFFIC SMBL – Selects the maximum range at which traffic symbols are shown
• TRAFFIC LBL – Selects the maximum range at which traffic labels are shown with the option to turn off

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6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options (ON/OFF, range settings, etc.).
7) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page.

Figure 6-177 Navigation Map Page Menu

Figure 6-178 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-179 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Traffic Group

The Navigation Map Page Setup Menu also controls the display of traffic. The setup menu controls the map
range settings. Traffic data symbols and labels can be decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than
the map range setting is selected, the data is removed from the map. Maps besides the Traffic Map Page use
settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page.
Traffic information can also be displayed on the PFD Inset Map by pressing the TRFC/MAP Softkey. A
traffic map will appear in heading up orientation. Traffic information can also be overlaid with navigation,
topographic and optional data link weather information.

Displaying additional information with Traffic on the PFD Inset Map.

1) Press the TRFC/MAP Softkey. Traffic map (TRFC-2) is displayed heading up.
2) Press the TRFC-2 Softkey.
3) Press the softkey(s) for the item(s) to be included on the PFD Inset Map.
4) Press the BACK Softkey.

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SYSTEM STATUS
The traffic mode is annunciated in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page.

PFD Traffic Mode MFD Traffic Map Page Mode Traffic Display Status Icon
Traffic Mode
Annunciation Annunciation (Other Maps)
TEST
TCAS II Self-test
None (‘TEST MODE’ also shown in white on
Initiated (TEST)
top center of page)
Traffic Advisory and
Resolution Advisory None TA/RA
(TA/RA)
Traffic Advisory Only
TA ONLY
(TA ONLY)

STANDBY
TCAS II Standby
Or: (also shown in white in center of page
(TFC STBY)
on ground, amber in the air)
*

TCAS II Failed** FAIL

* Annunciation appears in amber while in the air.

** See Table 6-32 for additional failure annunciations.
Table 6-31 TCAS II Modes

If the traffic unit fails, an annunciation as to the cause of the failure is shown in the center of the Traffic Map
Page.

Traffic Map Page

Description
Annunciation
NO DATA Data is not being received from the TCAS II unit
Data is being received from the TCAS II unit, but the
DATA FAILED
unit is self-reporting a failure
FAILED Incorrect data format received from the TCAS II unit

Table 6-32 TCAS II Failure Annunciations

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The annunciations to indicate the status of traffic information appear in a banner at the lower left corner of
maps on which traffic can be displayed.

Traffic Status Banner

Description
Annunciation
A Resolution Advisory is outside the selected display
RA OFF SCALE range*. Annunciation is removed when traffic comes within
the selected display range
A Traffic Advisory is outside the selected display range*.
TA OFF SCALE Annunciation is removed when traffic comes within the
selected display range.
System cannot determine bearing of Resolution Advisory**.
Annunciation indicates distance in nm, altitude separation
RA X.X ± XX ↕
in hundreds of feet, and altitude trend arrow (climbing/
descending).
System cannot determine bearing of Traffic Advisory**.
Annunciation indicates distance in nm, altitude separation
TA X.X ± XX ↕
in hundreds of feet, and altitude trend arrow (climbing/
descending).
TCAS II unit has failed (unit is self-reporting a failure or
TRFC FAIL
sending incorrectly formatted data)
NO TCAS DATA Data is not being received from the TCAS II unit
*Shown as symbol on Traffic Map Page
**Shown in center of Traffic Map Page
Table 6-33 TCAS II Traffic Status Annunciations

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

SECTION 7 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

NOTE: The approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) always supersedes this Pilot’s Guide.

The Garmin Automatic Flight Control System (Garmin AFCS) is fully integrated within the avionics architecture.
The System Overview section provides a block diagram to support this system description. The Garmin AFCS
functionality is distributed across the following Line Replaceable Units (LRUs):
• GDU 1240A Primary Flight Displays (PFDs) (2) • GSA 81 AFCS Servos (3)
• GMC 715 AFCS Control Unit • GSM 86 Servo Gearboxes (4)
• GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Units (IAUs) (2) • GSA 80 AFCS Servo (1)

The Garmin AFCS can be divided into these main operating functions:
• Flight Director (FD) — The Garmin AFCS flight director function can be coupled to either the pilot-side or
copilot-side PFD data. The CPL Key selects the PFD source for the Flight Director. Commands for the selected
flight director source are displayed on both PFDs. The flight director provides:
– Vertical/lateral mode selection and processing
– Command Bars showing pitch/roll guidance
– Pitch and roll commands to the autopilot
• Autopilot (AP) — Autopilot operation occurs within the pitch and roll servos. It provides automatic flight
control in response to flight director steering commands, Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS)
attitude and rate information, and airspeed.
• Yaw Damper (YD) — The yaw servo provides Dutch roll damping and turn coordination in response to yaw
rate, roll angle, lateral acceleration, and airspeed.
• Manual Electric Pitch Trim (MEPT) — The pitch trim system provides manual electric pitch trim
capability.
• Automatic Pitch Trim (APT)/Mach Trim (MT) — The pitch trim system provides automatic pitch trim
when the autopilot is engaged and Mach trim when the autopilot is not engaged.

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7.1 AFCS CONTROLS

The AFCS Control Unit is positioned above the MFD, and has the following controls:
1 10 FD Keys Activate/deactivate the selected flight director (pilot- or copilot-side) in default
vertical and lateral modes
Press the other FD Key to toggle the corresponding PFD’s Command Bars off/on
2 NAV Key Selects/deselects Navigation Mode
3 HDG Key Selects/deselects Heading Select Mode
4 AP Key Engages/disengages the autopilot
5 YD Key Engages/disengages the yaw damper
6 ALT Key Selects/deselects Altitude Hold Mode
7 VNV Key Selects/deselects Vertical Path Tracking Mode for Vertical Navigation flight control
8 VS Key Selects/deselects Vertical Speed Mode
9 FLC Key Selects/deselects Flight Level Change Mode
11 20 CRS Knobs Adjust the Selected Course (while in VOR, LOC, or OBS Mode) in 1° increments on
the Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) of the corresponding PFD
Press to re-center the Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) and return course pointer
directly TO the bearing of the active waypoint/station
12 SPD SEL Knob Adjusts the Airspeed Reference and bug in 1-kt (0.01 M) increments

Press to toggle the Airspeed Reference units from IAS to Mach

13 UP/DN Wheel Adjusts the Vertical Speed Reference and bug in 100-fpm increments
14 ALT SEL Knob Adjusts the Selected Altitude and bug in 100-ft increments (a finer resolution of 10
feet is available under approach conditions)
15 CSC Key Selects/deselects Current Speed Control (if available) when Altitude Hold Mode is
active
16 CPL Key Selects the PFD data source (pilot-side or copilot-side) for the Flight Director.
When the flight director source is switched, the modes revert to default. An arrow
in the AFCS Status Box indicates the active FD source (pilot- or copilot-side).
17 HDG SEL Adjusts the Selected Heading and bug in 1° increments on the HSI (both PFDs)
Knob Press to synchronize the Selected Heading to the current heading on the pilot-side PFD
18 APR Key Selects/deselects Approach Mode
19 BANK Key Manually selects/deselects Low Bank Mode

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
Figure 7-1 GMC 715 AFCS Control Unit

The following AFCS controls are located separately from the AFCS Control Unit:
AP DISC Switch Disengages the autopilot, yaw damper, and flight director and interrupts pitch trim
(Autopilot operation
Disconnect) An AP DISC Switch is located on each control wheel.
This switch may be used to acknowledge an autopilot disconnect alert and mute
the associated aural alert.
CWS Button While pressed, allows manual control of the aircraft while the autopilot is engaged and
(Control Wheel synchronizes the flight director’s Command Bars with the current aircraft pitch (if not
Steering) in Glideslope or Glidepath Mode) and roll (if in Roll Hold Mode)
A CWS Button is located on each control wheel.
Upon release of the CWS Button, the flight director may establish new pitch and
roll references, depending on the current vertical and lateral modes. CWS operation
details are discussed in the respective mode sections of this manual.
GA Switch Disengages the autopilot, if engaged, and selects flight director Takeoff Mode (on
(Go Around) ground) or Go Around Mode (in air)
This switch also activates the missed approach when the selected navigation source
is GPS or when the navigation source is VOR/LOC and a valid frequency has been
tuned.
The GA Switch is located on the throttle handle.
MEPT Switch Used to command manual electric pitch trim
(Manual Electric An MEPT Switch is located on each control wheel.
Pitch Trim)
The pilot side MEPT Switch has priority over the copilot side MEPT Switch.
This composite switch is split into left and right sides. The left switch is the ARM
contact and the right switch controls the DN (forward) and UP (rearward) contacts.
Manual trim commands are generated only when both sides of the switch are operated
simultaneously. Pushing either MEPT Switch disengages the autopilot, if engaged,
but does not affect yaw damper operation.

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7.2 FLIGHT DIRECTOR OPERATION

The flight director function provides pitch and roll commands to the AFCS and displays them on the PFDs.
With the flight director active, the aircraft can be hand-flown to follow the path shown by the Command Bars.
Maximum commanded pitch (±20°) and roll (25°) angles, vertical acceleration, and roll rate are limited to values
established during AFCS certification. The flight director also provides commands to the autopilot.

ACTIVATING THE FLIGHT DIRECTOR

An initial press of a key listed in Table 7-1 activates the flight director in the listed modes.

FD PFD Data Modes Selected

Control Pressed
Source Lateral Vertical
FD Key (pilot-side)* Pilot-side Roll Hold (default) ROL Pitch Hold (default) PIT
FD Key (copilot-
Pilot-side Roll Hold (default) ROL Pitch Hold (default) PIT
side)*
AP Key Pilot-side Roll Hold (default) ROL Pitch Hold (default) PIT
CWS Button Pilot-side Roll Hold (default) ROL Pitch Hold (default) PIT
Roll Hold (default) ROL Takeoff (on ground) TO
GA Switch Pilot-side
Roll Hold (default) ROL Go Around (in air) GA
ALT Key Pilot-side Roll Hold (default) ROL Altitude Hold ALT
VS Key Pilot-side Roll Hold (default) ROL Vertical Speed VS
Vertical Path
VNV Key Pilot-side Roll Hold (default) ROL VPTH
Tracking**
GPS
VOR
NAV Key Pilot-side Navigation*** Pitch Hold (default) PIT
LOC
BC
GPS
APR Key Pilot-side Approach*** VOR Pitch Hold (default) PIT
LOC
HDG Key Pilot-side Heading Select HDG Pitch Hold (default) PIT
*Subsequent presses of the FD Key will toggle the flight director on/off on its respective side. However,
pressing the FD Key for the inactive flight director only removes the Command Bars from the corresponding
display. The FD Keys are disabled when the autopilot is engaged.
** Valid VNV flight plan must be entered before VNV Key press activates flight director.
***The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC signal or active GPS course before NAV
or APR Key press activates flight director.
Table 7-1 Flight Director Activation

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AFCS STATUS BOX

Flight director mode annunciations are displayed on the PFDs when the flight director is active. Flight
director selection and autopilot and yaw damper statuses are shown in the center of the AFCS Status Box.
Lateral flight director modes are displayed on the left and vertical on the right. Armed modes are displayed in
white and active in green or magenta (if the mode reference is provided by the GPS navigation function).

Yaw Current
Autopilot Damper Speed
Lateral Modes Status Status Control Vertical Modes

Armed Active Flight Director Active Armed

Indicator Arrow
AFCS Status Box

Selected
Altitude

Command
Bars

GPS is Selected
Navigation
Source

Figure 7-2 PFD AFCS Display

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FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES

Flight director modes are normally selected independently for the pitch and roll axes. Unless otherwise
specified, all mode keys are alternate action (i.e., press on, press off). In the absence of specific mode selection,
the flight director reverts to the default pitch and/or roll modes(s).
Armed modes are annunciated in white and active in green or magenta (if the mode reference is provided by
the GPS navigation function) in the AFCS Status Box. Under normal operation, when the control for the active
flight director mode is pressed, the flight director reverts to the default mode(s) for the axis(es). Automatic
transition from armed to active mode is indicated by the white armed mode annunciation moving to the active
mode field and flashing for 5 seconds.
If the information required to compute a flight director mode becomes invalid or unavailable, the flight
director automatically reverts to the default mode for that axis. A flashing yellow mode annunciation indicates
loss of sensor (ADC) or navigation data (VOR, LOC, GPS, VNV, SBAS) required to compute commands. When
such a loss occurs, the system automatically begins to roll the wings level (enters Roll Hold Mode) or maintain
the pitch angle (enters Pitch Hold Mode), depending on the affected axis. The flashing annunciation stops
when the affected mode key is pressed or another mode for the axis is selected. After 5 seconds, if no action is
taken, the flashing annunciation stops and the flight director enters the default mode for the affected axis.

Figure 7-3 Loss of VOR Signal

The flight director is automatically disabled if the attitude information required to compute the default flight
director modes becomes invalid or unavailable.

FLIGHT DIRECTOR SELECTION

The Garmin AFCS flight director can be coupled to either the pilot-side or copilot-side PFD data using the
CPL Key. When the pilot-side or copilot-side data source is changed, the vertical and lateral modes revert to
default. The autopilot follows the selected flight director only, indicated by an arrow pointing toward either the
pilot or copilot side, in the center of the AFCS Status Box.
The currently active flight director may be turned off and the Command Bars removed from the displays
by pressing the active FD Key again. Pressing the FD Key for the inactive flight director only removes the
Command Bars from the corresponding display. The FD key for the selected flight director is disabled when
the autopilot is engaged.
Pilot-side Flight Director Selected

Copilot-side Flight Director Selected

Figure 7-4 Flight Director Selection Indications

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

COMMAND BARS
Upon activation of the flight director, Command Bars are displayed in magenta on the PFDs as single cues
or cross pointers. The aircraft symbol (in yellow) changes to accommodate the Command Bar format; the
Command Bars do not override the aircraft symbol. The single-cue Command Bars (Figure 7-5) move together
vertically to indicate pitch commands and bank left or right to indicate roll commands. Command Bars
displayed as a cross pointer (Figure 7-6) move independently to indicate pitch (horizontal bar) and roll (vertical
bar) commands. Both PFDs show the same Command Bar format.

NOTE: The split-cue aircraft symbol and cross pointer command bars are not available when SVS is
installed.

Command Bars

Aircraft Symbol
Figure 7-5 Single-cue Command Bars

Command Bars

Aircraft Symbol

Figure 7-6 Cross-pointer Command Bars

Changing Command Bar format:

1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page on the MFD.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘Format Active’ in the ‘Flight Director’ box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight the desired format.
’SNGL CUE’ to display Command Bars as a single cue (Aircraft Symbol in figure 7-5).

Or:
’X-POINTER’ to display Command Bars as a cross pointer (Aircraft Symbol in Figure 7-6).

If the attitude information being sent to the flight director becomes invalid or unavailable, the Command Bars
are removed from the display. The flight director Command Bars also disappear if the pitch exceeds +30˚/-20˚
or bank exceeds 65˚.

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7.3 VERTICAL MODES

Table 7-2 lists the AFCS vertical modes with their corresponding controls and annunciations. The mode
reference is displayed next to the active mode annunciation for Altitude Hold, Vertical Speed, and Flight Level
Change modes. The UP/DN Wheel can be used to change the vertical mode reference while operating under
Vertical Speed Mode.
Reference
Vertical Mode Description Control Annunciation
Range
Holds the current aircraft pitch
Pitch Hold attitude; may be used to climb/ (default) PIT ±20˚
descend to the Selected Altitude
Selected Altitude Capture Captures the Selected Altitude * ALTS
Holds the current altitude
Altitude Hold ALT Key ALT
reference
Maintains the current aircraft
vertical speed; may be used to
Vertical Speed VS Key VS ±6000 fpm
climb/descend to the Selected
Altitude
Maintains the current aircraft 80 – 320 kt
airspeed (in IAS or Mach) while
Flight Level Change FLC Key FLC
the aircraft is climbing/descending 0.4 – 0.78 M
to the Selected Altitude
Captures and tracks descent legs VNV
Vertical Path Tracking VPTH
of an active vertical profile Key
Captures the Vertical Navigation
VNV Target Altitude Capture ** ALTV
(VNV) Target Altitude
Captures and tracks the SBAS
Glidepath or baro-VNAV glidepath on GP
approach APR
Key
Captures and tracks the ILS
Glideslope GS
glideslope on approach
Commands a constant pitch
Takeoff angle and wings level on the TO 8 – 10.5˚
ground in preparation for takeoff GA
Disengages the autopilot and Switch
Go Around commands a constant pitch angle GA 6 – 8˚
and wings level while in the air
* ALTS is armed automatically when PIT, VS, FLC, TO, or GA is active, and under VPTH when the Selected
Altitude is to be captured instead of the VNV Target Altitude.
** ALTV is armed automatically under VPTH when the VNV Target Altitude is to be captured instead of the
Selected Altitude.
Table 7-2 Flight Director Vertical Modes

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PITCH HOLD MODE (PIT)

When the flight director is activated (with the FD Key) or switched, Pitch Hold Mode is selected by default.
Pitch Hold Mode is indicated as the active vertical mode by the ‘PIT’ annunciation. This mode may be used for
climb or descent to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter), since Selected Altitude Capture Mode is
automatically armed when Pitch Hold Mode is activated.
In Pitch Hold Mode, the flight director maintains a constant pitch attitude, the pitch reference. The pitch
reference is set to the aircraft pitch attitude at the moment of mode selection. If the aircraft pitch attitude
exceeds the flight director pitch command limitations, the flight director commands a pitch angle equal to the
nose-up/down limit.

CHANGING THE PITCH REFERENCE

When operating in Pitch Hold Mode, the pitch reference can be adjusted by pressing the CWS Button,
hand-flying the aircraft to establish a new pitch reference, then releasing the CWS Button.
Pitch Hold Selected Altitude
Mode Active Capture Mode Armed

Selected
Altitude

Command Bars Maintain

Desired Pitch Reference

Figure 7-7 Pitch Hold Mode

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SELECTED ALTITUDE CAPTURE MODE (ALTS)

Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed with activation of the following modes:
• Pitch Hold • Takeoff/Go Around (if the Selected Altitude is at
• Vertical Speed least 400 feet above the current aircraft altitude)

• Flight Level Change • Vertical Path Tracking (if the Selected Altitude is to
be captured instead of the VNAV Target Altitude)
The white ‘ALTS’ annunciation indicates Selected Altitude Capture Mode is armed (see Figure 7-7 for example).
The ALT SEL Knob is used to set the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter) until Selected Altitude
Capture Mode becomes active.
As the aircraft nears the Selected Altitude, the flight director automatically transitions to Selected Altitude
Capture Mode with Altitude Hold Mode armed (Figure 7-8). This automatic transition is indicated by the green
‘ALTS’ annunciation flashing for up to 5 seconds and the appearance of the white ‘ALT’ annunciation.
At 50 feet from the Selected Altitude, the flight director automatically transitions from Selected Altitude
Capture to Altitude Hold Mode and holds the Selected Altitude. As Altitude Hold Mode becomes active, the
white ‘ALT’ annunciation moves to the active vertical mode field and flashes green for 5 seconds to indicate the
automatic transition.

Flash Up to 5 sec, Indicating Automatic Transition

Figure 7-8 Automatic Mode Transitions During Altitude Capture

CHANGING THE SELECTED ALTITUDE

NOTE: Pressing the CWS Button while in Selected Altitude Capture Mode does not cancel the mode.

Use of the ALT SEL Knob to change the Selected Altitude while Selected Altitude Capture Mode is active
causes the flight director to revert to Pitch Hold Mode with Selected Altitude Capture Mode armed for the
new Selected Altitude.

ALTITUDE HOLD MODE (ALT)

If Altitude Hold Mode is activated by pressing the ALT Key; the flight director maintains the current aircraft
altitude (to the nearest 10 feet). Altitude Hold Mode active is indicated by an ‘ALT’ annunciation in the AFCS
Status Box.
Altitude Hold Mode is automatically armed when the flight director is in either of the following modes:
• Selected Altitude Capture (see Figure 7-8)
• VNV Target Altitude Capture (see Figure 7-17)

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The transition to Altitude Hold Mode automatically occurs when the altitude error is less than 50 feet. In
this case, the Selected or VNV Target Altitude becomes the flight director’s altitude reference. The active mode
annunciation ‘ALT’ appears in magenta if the transition was made from VNV Target Altitude Capture Mode.

CHANGING THE ALTITUDE REFERENCE

NOTE: Turning the ALT SEL Knob while in Altitude Hold Mode changes the Selected Altitude, but not the
flight director’s altitude reference, and does not cancel the mode.
With the CWS Button pressed, the aircraft can be hand-flown to a new altitude reference. When the CWS
Button is released at the desired altitude, the new altitude is established as the altitude reference.

VERTICAL SPEED MODE (VS)

In Vertical Speed Mode, the flight director acquires and maintains a Vertical Speed Reference (shown above
the Vertical Speed Indicator). Current aircraft vertical speed (to the nearest 100 fpm) becomes the Vertical
Speed Reference at the moment of Vertical Speed Mode activation. This mode may be used for climb or descent
to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter) since Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically
armed when Vertical Speed Mode is selected.
When Vertical Speed Mode is activated by pressing the VS Key, ‘VS’ is annunciated in green in the AFCS Status
Box. The Vertical Speed Reference is displayed above the Vertical Speed Indicator. A Vertical Speed Reference
Bug corresponding to the Vertical Speed Reference is shown on the indicator.

CHANGING THE VERTICAL SPEED REFERENCE

The Vertical Speed Reference (shown above the Vertical Speed Indicator) may be changed by:
• Using the UP/DN Wheel
• Pressing the CWS Button, hand-flying the aircraft to attain a new Vertical Speed Reference, then releasing
the CWS Button
Vertical Speed Selected Altitude
Mode Active Capture Mode Armed

Selected Vertical
Altitude Speed
Reference

Vertical
Speed
Reference
Bug

Command Bars Indicate Climb to

Attain Vertical Speed Reference

Figure 7-9 Vertical Speed Hold Mode

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FLIGHT LEVEL CHANGE MODE (FLC)

NOTE: The Selected Altitude should be set before selecting Flight Level Change Mode.

Flight Level Change Mode is selected by pressing the FLC Key. This mode acquires and maintains the
Airspeed Reference (in IAS or Mach) while climbing or descending to the Selected Altitude (shown above
the Altimeter). When Flight Level Change Mode is active, the flight director continuously monitors Selected
Altitude, airspeed, Mach, and altitude.
The Airspeed Reference is set to the current airspeed upon mode activation. Flight Level Change Mode
is indicated by a green ‘FLC’ annunciation in the AFCS Status Box. The Airspeed Reference is displayed
directly above the Airspeed Indicator, along with a cyan Airspeed Reference Bug corresponding to the Airspeed
Reference along the tape.
Engine power must be adjusted to allow the autopilot to fly the aircraft at a pitch attitude corresponding
to the desired flight profile (climb or descent) while maintaining the Airspeed Reference. The flight director
maintains the current altitude until either engine power or the Airspeed Reference are adjusted and does not
allow the aircraft to climb or descend away from the Selected Altitude.
Flight Level Change Selected Altitude
Mode Active Capture Mode Armed

Airspeed
Reference

Airspeed
Reference
Bug

Command Bars Indicate Climb

to Attain Selected Altitude
Figure 7-10 Flight Level Change Mode (IAS)

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CHANGING THE AIRSPEED REFERENCE (FLC MODE)

The Airspeed Reference (shown above the Airspeed Indicator) may be adjusted by:
• Using the SPD SEL Knob
• Pressing the CWS Button, hand-flying the aircraft to attain a new Airspeed Reference, then releasing the
CWS Button
During climb, the Airspeed Reference units automatically change from IAS to Mach when either the altitude
or the airspeed listed in Table 7-3 are attained. For descent, the units switch back at the specified altitude
or airspeed. The system determines aircraft climb or descent by the relationship between the current and
Selected altitudes.

Airspeed Reference Units Unit Type Changes At:

Default Units Change To: Altitude Airspeed
Climb IAS Mach > 30,000 ft > M 0.60
Descent Mach IAS < 29,000 ft < 290 kt

Table 7-3 FLC Mode Unit Changes

Airspeed Reference units can be manually toggled between IAS and Mach units by pressing the SPD SEL
Knob. When the FLC Airspeed Reference is displayed in Mach, the Airspeed Reference Bug is displayed
on the Airspeed Indicator at the IAS corresponding to the selected Mach target speed and the current Mach
number is shown below the Airspeed Indicator.
Flight Level Change Selected Altitude
Mode Active Capture Mode Armed

Airspeed
Reference
(Mach)

Airspeed
Reference
Bug

Command Bars Indicate Climb

to attain Selected Altitude

Figure 7-11 Flight Level Change Mode (Mach)

The Airspeed Reference Bug can be set at all times (to be used as a visual reference). While the bug can be
set during these modes it is only being controlled when in FLC mode.

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VERTICAL NAVIGATION MODES (VPTH, ALTV)

NOTE: VNV is disabled when parallel track or Dead Reckoning Mode is active. Refer to the flight Management
Section for more information on VNV flight plans.

NOTE: The Selected Altitude takes precedence over any other vertical constraints.

Vertical Navigation (VNV) flight control is available for enroute/terminal cruise and descent operations when
VNV flight planning is available. Conditions for availability include, but are not limited to:
• The selected navigation source is GPS.
• A VNV flight plan (with at least one altitude-constrained waypoint) or direct-to (with vertical constraint) is
active.
• VNV is enabled (VNV ENBL Softkey pressed on the MFD).
• Crosstrack error is valid and within certain limits.
• Desired/actual track are valid or track angle error is within certain limits.
• The VNV Target Altitude of the active waypoint is no more than 250 ft above the current aircraft altitude.
• Parallel track is not active.
The flight director may be armed for VNV at any time, but no target altitudes are captured during a climb.
The Command Bars provide vertical profile guidance based on specified altitudes (entered manually or loaded
from the database) at waypoints in the active flight plan or direct-to (with vertical constraint). The appropriate
VNV flight control modes are sequenced by the flight director to follow the path defined by the vertical profile.
Upon reaching the last waypoint in the VNV flight plan, the flight director transitions to Altitude Hold Mode
and cancels any armed VNV modes.

VERTICAL PATH TRACKING MODE (VPTH)

NOTE: If another vertical mode key is pressed while Vertical Path Tracking Mode is selected, Vertical Path
Tracking Mode reverts to armed.

NOTE: Pressing the CWS Button while Vertical Path Tracking Mode is active does not cancel the mode. The
autopilot guides the aircraft back to the descent path upon release of the CWS Button.
When a vertical profile (VNV flight plan) is active and the VNV Key is pressed, Vertical Path Tracking
Mode is armed in preparation for descent path capture. ‘VPTH’ (or ‘/V’ when Glidepath or Glideslope Mode
is concurrently armed) is annunciated in white in addition to previously armed modes. If applicable, the
appropriate altitude capture mode is armed for capture of the next VNV Target Altitude (ALTV) or the Selected
Altitude (ALTS), whichever is greater.

Figure 7-12 Vertical Path Tracking Armed Annunciations

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Prior to descent path interception, the Selected Altitude must be set below the current aircraft altitude
by at least 75 feet. For the flight director to transition from Altitude Hold to Vertical Path Tracking Mode,
acknowledgment is required within five minutes of descent path interception by:
• Pressing the VNV Key
• Adjusting the Selected Altitude
If acknowledgment is not received within one minute of descent path interception, the white ‘VPTH’
annunciation starts to flash. Flashing continues until acknowledged or the descent path is intercepted. If
the descent is not confirmed by the time of interception, Vertical Path Tracking Mode remains armed and the
descent is not captured.
In conjunction with the “TOD [top of descent] within 1 minute” annunciation in the PFD Navigation Status
Box and the “Vertical track” voice message, VNV indications (VNV Target Altitude, vertical deviation, and
vertical speed required) appear on the PFDs in magenta (Figure 7-14).
Vertical Path Tracking
Altitude Hold Armed (Flashing Indicates
Mode Active Acknowledgment Required)

VNV Target
Altitude

Selected
Altitude
Below VNV
Target

Required
Vertical
Speed Bug

GPS is Selected Terminal

Navigation Phase of
Source Flight
Vertical
Deviation
Indicator
Figure 7-13 Vertical Path Capture

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When a descent leg is captured (Figure 7-15), Vertical Path Tracking becomes active (magenta ‘VPTH’
annunciation shown) and tracks the descent profile. An altitude capture mode (‘ALTS’ or ‘ALTV’) is armed
as appropriate.

Vertical Path VNV Target Altitude

Tracking Active Capture Armed

VNV Target
Altitude

Required
Vertical
Command Bars Indicate Descent to Speed Bug
GPS is Selected Terminal Maintain Required Vertical Speed
Navigation Phase of
Source Flight
Vertical Deviation
Indicator (VDI)
Figure 7-14 Vertical Path Tracking Mode

If the altimeter barometric setting is adjusted while Vertical Path Tracking is active, the flight director
increases/decreases the descent rate by up to 500 fpm to re-establish the aircraft on the descent path (without
commanding a climb). Adjusting the altimeter barometric setting creates discontinuities in VNV vertical
deviation, moving the descent path. For large adjustments, it may take several minutes for the aircraft to re-
establish on the descent path. If the change is made while nearing a waypoint with a VNV Target Altitude,
the aircraft may not re-establish on the descent path in time to meet the vertical constraint.

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Automatic Reversion to Pitch Hold Mode

Several situations can occur while Vertical Path Tracking Mode is active which cause the flight director to
revert to Pitch Hold Mode:
• Vertical deviation exceeds 200 feet during an overspeed condition.
• Vertical deviation experiences a discontinuity (not due to an altimeter barometric setting adjustment) that
both exceeds 200 feet in magnitude and results in the vertical deviation exceeding 200 feet in magnitude.
Such discontinuities are usually caused by flight plan changes that affect the vertical profile.
• Vertical deviation becomes invalid (the Vertical Deviation Indicator is removed from the PFD).
• A display enters Reversionary Mode (this does not apply to an active direct-to with vertical constraint).
Unless VNV is disabled, Vertical Path Tracking Mode and the appropriate altitude capture mode become
armed following the reversion to Pitch Hold Mode to allow for possible profile recapture.

Non-Path Descents
Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, and Flight Level Change modes can also be used to fly non-path descents
while VNV flight control is selected. If the VS or FLC Key is pressed while Vertical Path Tracking Mode is
selected, Vertical Path Tracking Mode reverts to armed along with the appropriate altitude capture mode to
allow profile re-capture.

Figure 7-15 Flight Level Change VNV Non-Path Descent

To prevent immediate profile re-capture, the following must be satisfied:

• At least 10 seconds have passed since the non-path transition was initiated
• Vertical deviation from the profile has exceeded 250 feet, but is now less than 200 feet
Pressing the VNV Key twice re-arms Vertical Path Tracking for immediate profile re-capture.

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VNV TARGET ALTITUDE CAPTURE MODE (ALTV)

VNV Target Altitude Capture is analogous to Selected Altitude Capture Mode and is armed automatically
after the VNV Key is pressed and the next VNV Target Altitude is to be intercepted before the Selected Altitude.
The annunciation ‘ALTV’ indicates that the VNV Target Altitude is to be captured. VNV Target Altitudes are
shown in the active flight plan or direct-to (with vertical constraint), and can be entered manually or loaded
from a database (see the Flight Management Section for details). At the same time as “TOD within 1 minute”
is annunciated in the Navigation Status Box, the active VNV Target Altitude is displayed above the Vertical
Speed Indicator (see Figure 7-14).
As the aircraft nears the VNV Target Altitude, the flight director automatically transitions to VNV Target
Altitude Capture Mode with Altitude Hold Mode armed. This automatic transition is indicated by the magenta
‘ALTV’ annunciation flashing for up to 5 seconds and the appearance of the white ‘ALT’ annunciation. The
active VNV Target Altitude is shown in magenta above the Vertical Speed Indicator.
At 50 feet from the VNV Target Altitude, the flight director automatically transitions from VNV Target
Altitude Capture to Altitude Hold Mode and tracks the level leg. As Altitude Hold Mode becomes active, the
white ‘ALT’ annunciation moves to the active vertical mode field and flashes magenta for 5 seconds to indicate
the automatic transition. The flight director automatically arms Vertical Path Tracking, allowing upcoming
descent legs to be captured and subsequently tracked.

Flash Up to 5 sec, Indicating Automatic Transition

Figure 7-16 VNV Altitude Capture

Changing the VNV Target Altitude

NOTE: Pressing the CWS Button while in VNV Target Altitude Capture Mode does not cancel the mode.

Changing the current VNV Target Altitude while VNV Target Altitude Capture Mode is active causes the
flight director to revert to Pitch Hold Mode. Vertical Path Tracking and the appropriate altitude capture
mode are armed in preparation to capture the new VNV Target Altitude or the Selected Altitude, depending
on which altitude is to be intercepted first.
VNV target altitudes can be changed while editing the active flight plan (see the Flight Management
Section for details).

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GLIDEPATH MODE (GP)

NOTE: Pressing the CWS Button while Glidepath Mode is active does not cancel the mode. The autopilot
guides the aircraft back to the glidepath upon release of the CWS Button.
Glidepath Mode is used to track the glidepath. When Glidepath Mode is armed, ‘GP’ is annunciated in white
in the AFCS Status Box.
Selecting Glidepath Mode:
1) Ensure a GPS approach is loaded into the active flight plan. The active waypoint must be part of the flight plan
(cannot be a direct-to a waypoint not in the flight plan).
2) Ensure that GPS is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if
necessary).
3) Press the APR Key.

NOTE: Some RNAV (GPS) approaches provide a vertical descent angle as an aid in flying a stabilized
approach. These approaches are NOT considered Approaches with Vertical Guidance (APV). Approaches
that are annunciated on the HSI as LNAV or LNAV+V and LP or LP+V should be flown to an MDA, until visual
with the landing surface, even though vertical glidepath (GP) information may be provided.

WARNING: When flying an LNAV approach (with vertical descent angle) with the autopilot coupled, the
aircraft will not level off at the MDA even if the MDA is set in the altitude preselect.
Upon reaching the glidepath, the flight director transitions to Glidepath Mode and begins to capture and
track the glidepath.

Figure 7-17 Glidepath Mode Armed

Once the following conditions have been met, the glidepath can be captured (magenta ‘GP’ annunciation):
• A GPS approach with vertical guidance (LPV, LNAV/VNAV, LP+V, LNAV+V) is loaded into the active flight
plan
• The active waypoint is at or after the final approach fix (FAF)
• Vertical deviation is valid
• The CDI is at less than full scale deviation
• Automatic sequencing of waypoints has not been suspended (no ‘SUSP’ annunciation on the HSI)

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GPS Approach Glidepath

Mode Active Mode Active

GPS is Selected LPV Approach Command Bars Indicate

Navigation Active Descent on Glidepath
Source
Glidepath
Figure 7-18 Glidepath Mode Indicator

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GLIDESLOPE MODE (GS)

NOTE: Pressing the CWS Button while Glideslope Mode is active does not cancel the mode. The autopilot
guides the aircraft back to the glideslope upon release of the CWS Button.
Glideslope Mode is available for LOC/ILS approaches to capture and track the glideslope. When Glideslope
Mode is armed, LOC Approach Mode is armed as the lateral flight director mode.
Selecting Glideslope Mode:
1) Ensure a valid localizer frequency is tuned.
2) Ensure that LOC is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if
necessary).
3) Press the APR Key.
Or:
1) Ensure that GPS is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if
necessary).
2) Ensure a LOC/ILS approach is loaded into the active flight plan.
3) Ensure the corresponding LOC frequency is tuned.
4) Press the APR Key.

Figure 7-19 Glideslope Mode Armed

Once LOC is the navigation source, the localizer and glideslope can be captured. Upon reaching the glideslope,
the flight director transitions to Glideslope Mode and begins to capture and track the glideslope.

Active ILS Approach Glideslope

Frequency Tuned Mode Active Mode Active

NAV2 (localizer) is Selected Command Bars Indicate Descent

Navigation Source on Localizer/Glideslope Path
Glideslope
Figure 7-20 Glideslope Mode Indicator

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TAKEOFF (TO) AND GO AROUND (GA) MODES

In Go Around and Takeoff modes, the flight director commands a constant set pitch attitude. The TO/GA
Switch is used to select both modes. The mode entered by the flight director depends on whether the aircraft
is on the ground. Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed when the aircraft is at least 400 feet
below the Selected Altitude at the time Takeoff or Go Around Mode is selected. When Takeoff or Go Around
mode is activated, the lateral mode is annunciated as ‘ROL’.
Takeoff Mode provides an attitude reference during rotation and takeoff. This mode can be selected only
while on the ground by pushing the TO/GA Switch. The flight director Command Bars assume a wings-level,
pitch-up attitude. Autopilot engagement while Takeoff Mode is active is inhibited while the aircraft is on the
ground.
Pressing the TO/GA Switch while in the air activates the flight director in a wings-level, pitch-up attitude,
allowing the execution of a missed approach or a go around. Selecting Go Around Mode disengages the
autopilot; however, subsequent autopilot engagement is allowed. Attempts to modify the aircraft attitude (i.e.,
with the CWS Button) result in reversion to Pitch Hold Mode.
Autopilot Disconnect
Annunciation Flashes Go Around
Yellow 5 sec Mode Active

Command Bars Indicate Climb

Takeoff
Mode Active

Figure 7-21 Takeoff and Go Around Modes

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7.4 LATERAL MODES

The following table relates each Garmin AFCS lateral mode to its respective control and annunciation. Refer to
the vertical modes section for information regarding Takeoff and Go Around mode.
Maximum Roll
Lateral Mode Description Control Annunciation Command
Limit
Holds the current aircraft roll
attitude or rolls the wings level,
Roll Hold (default) ROL 30˚
depending on the commanded
bank angle
Limits the maximum
Low Bank BANK Key * 15˚
commanded roll angle
Captures and tracks the
Heading Select ** HDG Key HDG 30˚
Selected Heading
Navigation, GPS ** GPS 30˚
25˚ Capture
Navigation, VOR Enroute Capture/Track ** Captures and tracks the VOR
selected navigation source 10˚ Track
Navigation, LOC Capture/Track (GPS, VOR, LOC) 25˚ Capture
NAV Key LOC
(No Glideslope) 10˚ Track
Captures and tracks a
25˚ Capture
Navigation, Backcourse Arm/Capture/Track localizer signal for backcourse BC
approaches 10˚ Track
Approach, GPS GPS 30˚
Captures and tracks the 25˚ Capture
Approach, VOR Capture/Track VAPP
selected navigation source APR Key 10˚ Track
Approach, LOC Capture/Track (GPS, VOR, LOC) 25˚ Capture
LOC
(Glideslope Mode automatically armed) 10˚ Track
* No annunciation appears in the AFCS Status Box. The acceptable bank angle range is indicated in green along the Roll
Scale of the Attitude Indicator.
** The Heading, Navigation GPS and Navigation VOR mode maximum roll command limit will be limited to the Low Bank
mode value if it is engaged.

The Garmin AFCS limits turn rate to 3 degrees per second (standard rate turn).
Table 7-4 Flight Director Lateral Modes

The CWS Button does not change lateral references for Heading Select, Navigation, Backcourse, or Approach
Mode. The autopilot guides the aircraft back to the Selected Heading/Course upon release of the CWS Button.

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ROLL HOLD MODE (ROL)

NOTE: If Roll Hold Mode is activated as a result of a mode reversion, the flight director rolls wings level.

When the flight director is activated or switched, Roll Hold Mode is selected by default. This mode is
annunciated as ‘ROL’ in the AFCS Status Box. The current aircraft bank angle is held, subject to the bank angle
condition.

Figure 7-22 Roll Hold Mode Annunciation

Bank Angle Flight Director Response

< 6° Rolls wings level
6 to 30° Maintains current aircraft roll attitude
> 30° Limits bank to 30°
Table 7-5 Roll Hold Mode Responses

CHANGING THE ROLL REFERENCE

The roll reference can be changed by pressing the CWS Button, establishing the desired bank angle, then
releasing the CWS Button.

LOW BANK MODE

When in Low Bank Mode, the flight director limits the maximum commanded roll angle to 15°. Low bank
arc limits are displayed in green along the Roll Scale. Low Bank Mode can be manually selected/deselected by
pressing the BANK Key while in Heading Select or Navigation Modes (GPS and VOR).
Low Bank Arc

Figure 7-23 Low Bank Mode Limits

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HEADING SELECT MODE (HDG)

Heading Select Mode is activated by pressing the HDG Key. Heading Select Mode acquires and maintains the
Selected Heading. The Selected Heading is shown by a light blue bug on the HSI and in the box to the upper
left of the HSI.

CHANGING THE SELECTED HEADING

NOTE: Pressing the HDG SEL Knob synchronizes the Selected Heading to the current heading.

The Selected Heading is adjusted using the HDG SEL Knob. Pressing the CWS Button and hand-flying the
aircraft does not change the Selected Heading. The autopilot guides the aircraft back to the Selected Heading
upon release of the CWS Button.
Turns are commanded in the same direction as Selected Heading Bug movement, even if the bug is turned
more than 180° from the present heading (e.g., a 270° turn to the right). However, Selected Heading changes
of more than 330° at a time result in turn reversals.
Heading Select
Mode Active

Command Bars Track

Selected Selected Selected Heading
Heading Heading
Bug
Figure 7-24 Heading Select Mode

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NAVIGATION MODES (GPS, VOR, LOC, BC)

NOTE: The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC signal or active GPS course for the
flight director to enter Navigation Mode.
Pressing the NAV Key selects Navigation Mode. Navigation Mode acquires and tracks the selected navigation
source (GPS, VOR, LOC). The flight director follows GPS roll steering commands when GPS is the selected
navigation source. When the navigation source is VOR or LOC, the flight director creates roll steering commands
from the Selected Course and deviation. Navigation Mode can also be used to fly non-precision GPS and LOC
approaches where vertical guidance is not required.
Backcourse Mode captures and tracks a localizer signal in the backcourse direction. The mode may be selected
by pressing the NAV Key. When making a backcourse approach, set the Selected Course to the localizer front
course. The flight director creates roll steering commands from the Selected Course and deviation.
If the Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) shows greater than one dot when the NAV Key is pressed, the selected
mode is armed. If the CDI is less than one dot, Navigation Mode is automatically captured when the NAV Key
is pressed. The armed annunciation appears in white to the left of the active lateral mode.

Figure 7-25 GPS Navigation Mode Armed

When the CDI has automatically switched from GPS to LOC during a LOC/ILS approach, GPS Navigation
Mode remains active, providing GPS steering guidance until the localizer signal is captured. LOC Navigation
Mode is armed automatically when the navigation source switch takes place if the APR Key is not pressed prior
to the automatic source switch.
If Navigation Mode is active and either of the following occur, the flight director reverts to Roll Hold Mode
(wings rolled level):
• Different VOR tuned while in VOR Navigation Mode (VOR Navigation Mode reverts to armed)
• Navigation source manually switched (with the CDI Softkey)
• During a LOC/ILS approach, the FAF crossed while in GPS Navigation Mode after the automatic navigation
source switch from GPS to LOC

CHANGING THE SELECTED COURSE

If the navigation source is VOR or localizer or OBS Mode has been enabled when using GPS, the Selected
Course is controlled using the CRS Knob corresponding to the selected flight director (CRS1 for the pilot
side, CRS2 for the copilot side).
Pressing the CWS Button and hand-flying the aircraft does not change the Selected Course while in
Navigation Mode. The autopilot guides the aircraft back to the Selected Course (or GPS flight plan) when the
CWS Button is released.

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GPS Navigation
Mode Active

GPS is Selected Selected Command Bars Indicate Left

Navigation Source Course Turn to Track GPS Course

Figure 7-26 Navigation Mode

Backcourse
Mode Active

Command Bars Hold Pitch Attitude

LOC2 is Selected
Navigation Source
Figure 7-27 Backcourse Mode

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APPROACH MODES (GPS, VAPP, LOC)

NOTE: The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC signal or active GPS course for the
flight director to enter Approach Mode.
Approach Mode is activated when the APR Key is pressed. Approach Mode acquires and tracks the selected
navigation source (GPS, VOR, or LOC), depending on loaded approach. This mode uses the selected navigation
receiver deviation and desired course inputs to fly the approach. Pressing the APR Key when the CDI is greater
than one dot arms the selected approach mode (annunciated in white to the left of the active lateral mode). If
the CDI is less than one dot, the LOC is automatically captured when the APR Key is pressed.
VOR Approach Mode (VAPP) provides greater sensitivity for signal tracking than VOR Navigation Mode.
Selecting VOR Approach Mode:
1) Ensure a valid VOR frequency is tuned.
2) Ensure that VOR is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if
necessary).
3) Press the APR Key.
When GPS Approach Mode is armed, Glidepath Mode is also armed.
Selecting GPS Approach Mode:
1) Ensure a GPS approach is loaded into the active flight plan. The active waypoint must be part of the flight plan
(cannot be a direct-to a waypoint not in the flight plan).
2) Ensure that GPS is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if
necessary).
3) Press the APR Key.

Figure 7-28 GPS Approach Mode Armed

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LOC Approach Mode allows the autopilot to fly a LOC/ILS approach with a glideslope. When LOC Approach
Mode is armed, Glideslope Mode is also armed automatically. LOC captures are inhibited if the difference
between aircraft heading and localizer course exceeds 105°.
Selecting LOC Approach Mode:
1) Ensure a valid localizer frequency is tuned.
2) Ensure that LOC is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if
necessary).
3) Press the APR Key.
Or:
1) Ensure that GPS is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if
necessary).
2) Ensure a LOC/ILS approach is loaded into the active flight plan.
3) Ensure the corresponding LOC frequency is tuned.
4) Press the APR Key.
If the following occurs, the flight director reverts to Roll Hold Mode (wings rolled level):
• Vectors-to-Final is activated
• Navigation source is manually switched
• During a LOC/ILS approach, GPS Navigation Mode is active and the FAF is crossed after the automatic
navigation source switch from GPS to LOC

CHANGING THE SELECTED COURSE

If the navigation source is VOR or localizer or OBS Mode has been enabled when using GPS, the Selected
Course is controlled using the CRS Knob corresponding to the selected flight director (CRS1 for the pilot
side, CRS2 for the copilot side).
Pressing the CWS Button and hand-flying the aircraft does not change the Selected Course while in
Approach Mode. The autopilot guides the aircraft back to the Selected Course (or GPS flight plan) when the
CWS Button is released.

INTERCEPTING AND FLYING A DME ARC

The AFCS will intercept and track a DME arc that is part of the active flight plan provided that GPS
Navigation Mode is engaged, GPS is the active navigation source on the CDI, and the DME arc segment is
the active flight plan leg. It is important to note that automatic navigation of DME arcs is based on GPS.
Thus, even if the APR key is pressed and LOC or VOR Approach Mode is armed prior to reaching the Initial
Approach Fix (IAF), Approach Mode will not activate until the arc segment is completed.
If the pilot decides to intercept the arc at a location other than the published IAF (i.e. ATC provides vectors
to intercept the arc) and subsequently selects Heading Mode or Roll Mode, the AFCS will not automatically
intercept or track the arc unless the pilot activates the arc leg of the flight plan and arms GPS Navigation
Mode. The AFCS will not intercept and fly a DME arc before reaching an IAF that defines the beginning of the
arc segment. Likewise, if at any point while established on the DME arc the pilot deselects GPS Navigation
Mode, the AFCS will no longer track the arc.

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7.5 AUTOPILOT AND YAW DAMPER OPERATION

NOTE: Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for specific instructions regarding emergency procedures.

The autopilot and yaw damper operate the flight control surface servos to provide automatic flight control. The
autopilot controls the aircraft pitch and roll attitudes following commands received from the flight director. Pitch
autotrim provides trim commands to the pitch trim actuator to relieve any sustained effort required by the pitch
servo.
The yaw damper reduces Dutch roll tendencies and coordinates turns. It can operate independently of the
autopilot and may be used during normal hand-flight maneuvers. Yaw rate commands are limited by the yaw
damper.

FLIGHT CONTROL
Pitch and roll commands are provided to the servos based on the active flight director modes. Yaw damping
is provided by the yaw servo. Servo motor control limits the maximum servo speed and torque. The servo
gearboxes are equipped with slip-clutches that allow the servos to be overridden in case of an emergency.

PITCH AXIS AND TRIM

The autopilot pitch axis uses pitch rate to stabilize the aircraft pitch attitude during upsets and flight
director maneuvers. Flight director pitch commands are rate- and attitude-limited, combined with pitch
damper control, and sent to the pitch servo motor.
When the autopilot is engaged, the automatic pitch trim (APT) function commands the pitch trim actuator
to reduce the average pitch servo effort. When the autopilot is not engaged and airspeed is within a certain
range, the pitch trim system provides Mach trim (MT).
Manual electric pitch trim (MEPT) functionality is available at any time via the pilot and copilot MEPT
Switches. Manual trim commands are generated only when both halves of the MEPT Switch are operated
simultaneously. Operating the MEPT Switches when the autopilot is engaged will cause the autopilot to
disconnect. Trim speeds are scheduled with airspeed to provide more consistent response.
The pilot side MEPT Switch has priority over the copilot side MEPT Switch.

ROLL AXIS
The autopilot roll axis uses roll rate to stabilize aircraft roll attitude during upsets and flight director
maneuvers. The flight director roll commands are rate- and attitude-limited, combined with roll damper
control, and sent to the roll servo motor.

YAW AXIS
The yaw damper uses yaw rate and roll attitude to dampen the aircraft’s natural Dutch roll response.
It also uses lateral acceleration to coordinate turns. Yaw damper operation is independent of autopilot
engagement.

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ENGAGING THE AUTOPILOT AND YAW DAMPER

NOTE: Autopilot engagement/disengagement is not equivalent to servo engagement/disengagement. Use

the CWS Button to disengage the pitch and roll servos while the autopilot remains active.
When the AP Key is pressed, the autopilot, yaw damper, and flight director (if not already active) are activated.
The flight director engages in Pitch and Roll Hold Modes when initially activated. When the YD Key is pressed,
the system engages the yaw damper independently of the autopilot. Autopilot and yaw damper status are
displayed in the center of the AFCS Status Box. Engagement is indicated by green ‘AP’ and ‘YD’ annunciations,
respectively.
Autopilot Yaw Damper
Engaged Engaged

Figure 7-29 Autopilot and Yaw Damper Engaged

CONTROL WHEEL STEERING

During autopilot operation, the aircraft may be hand-flown without disengaging the autopilot. Pressing and
holding the CWS Button disengages the pitch and roll servos from the flight control surfaces and allows the
aircraft to be hand-flown. At the same time, the flight director is synchronized to the aircraft attitude during the
maneuver. Pitch trim operation is interrupted during CWS activity; yaw damper engagement is unaffected.
The ‘AP’ annunciation is temporarily replaced by ‘CWS’ in white for the duration of CWS maneuvers.
Control Wheel Steering

Figure 7-30 CWS Annunciation

In most scenarios, releasing the CWS Button re-engages the autopilot with a new reference. Refer to flight
director mode descriptions for specific CWS behavior in each mode.

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DISENGAGING THE AUTOPILOT AND YAW DAMPER

NOTE: Pressing the AP Key does not disengage the yaw damper.

Manual autopilot disengagement is indicated by a five-second flashing red ‘AP’ annunciation and an autopilot
disconnect aural alert, “Autopilot”. The autopilot is manually disengaged by pushing the AP Key on the
AFCS Control Unit, the GA Switch, the MEPT Switches, or the AP DISC Switch (also disengages the yaw
damper, if engaged). Pressing the YD Key disengages the yaw damper independently of the autopilot. The ‘YD’
annunciation is removed upon disengagement.
After manual disengagement, the autopilot disconnect aural alert and flashing ‘AP’ annunciation may be
cancelled by pushing the AP DISC Switch.

Figure 7-31 Manual Autopilot Disengagement

Automatic autopilot disengagement is indicated by a flashing red and white ‘AP’ annunciation and the autopilot
disconnect aural alert, which continue until acknowledged by pushing the AP DISC Switch. Automatic
autopilot disengagement occurs due to:
• System failure • Stall warning (YD also disengages)
• Invalid sensor data • Inability to compute default flight director modes
(FD also disengages automatically)

Automatic yaw damper disengagement is indicated by a five-second flashing yellow ‘YD’ annunciation. The
yaw damper automatically disengages when autopilot disengagement is caused by failure in a parameter also
affecting the yaw damper. This means the yaw damper can remain operational in some cases where the autopilot
automatically disengages. A localized failure in the yaw damper system or invalid sensor data also cause yaw
damper disengagement.

Figure 7-32 Automatic Autopilot and

Yaw Damper Disengagement

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7.6 EXAMPLE FLIGHT PLAN

NOTE: The following example flight plan and diagrams (not to be used for navigation) in this section are
for instructional purposes only and should be considered not current. Numbered portions of accompanying
diagrams correspond to numbered procedure steps.
This scenario-based set of procedures (based on the example flight plan found in the Flight Management
Section) shows various Garmin AFCS modes used during a flight. In this scenario, the aircraft departs Charles B.
Wheeler Downtown Airport (KMKC), enroute to Colorado Springs Airport (KCOS). After departure, the aircraft
climbs to 12,000 ft and airway V4 is intercepted, following ATC vectors.
Airway V4 is flown to Salina VOR (SLN) using VOR navigation, then airway V244 is flown using a GPS flight
plan. The ILS approach for runway 35L and LPV (SBAS) approach for runway 35R are shown and a missed
approach is executed.

0
33
3

0
33

30
3
33
0 KMKC

6
3
30

27
30

KCOS

6
V4

9
Topeka
27
6

33
0
V 244 VOR
27

24
Salina (TOP)

9
3

12
Hays VOR
30

V 244
9

24

VOR (SLN) 21
24

15

(HYS) 12
18
6
27

21
12

15
21 18

Lamar
15
18
9

VOR
24

(LAA)
12

21

15
18

Figure 7-33 Flight Plan Overview

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DEPARTURE
Climbing to the Selected Altitude and flying an assigned heading:
1) Before takeoff:
a) Use the ALT SEL Knob to set the Selected Altitude to 12,000 feet.
b) Push the GA Switch to activate Takeoff Mode. The flight director Command Bars establish a pitch up attitude
to follow.

c) Press the AP Key to engage the autopilot in a climb, holding the pitch angle commanded in Takeoff Mode and
wings level.

2) In this example, Vertical Speed Mode is used to capture the Selected Altitude (Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, or
Flight Level Change Mode may be used).
a) Press the VS Key to activate Vertical Speed and Roll Hold modes and arm Selected Altitude Capture Mode.
The Vertical Speed Reference may be adjusted after Vertical Speed Mode is selected using the UP/DN Wheel or

pushing the CWS Button while hand-flying the aircraft to establish a new Vertical Speed Reference.

3) Use the HDG SEL Knob to set the Selected Heading, complying with ATC vectors to intercept Airway V4.
Press the HDG Key to activate Heading Select Mode while the autopilot is engaged in the climb. The autopilot

follows the Selected Heading Bug on the HSI and turns the aircraft to the desired heading.

4) As the aircraft nears the Selected Altitude, the flight director transitions to Selected Altitude Capture Mode,
indicated by the green ‘ALTS’ annunciation flashing for up to 5 seconds.

At 50 feet from the Selected Altitude, the green ‘ALT’ annunciation flashes for up to 5 seconds; the autopilot

transitions to Altitude Hold Mode and levels the aircraft.

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

HD
GM
od
e

3
ode
TO M

Selected Altitude of 12,000 MSL

ALT Mode

KMKC e
Mod
VS
2
1
M ode
TO

Figure 7-34 Departure

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AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

INTERCEPTING A VOR RADIAL

During climb-out, the autopilot continues to fly the aircraft in Heading Select Mode. Airway V4 to Salina
VOR (SLN) should now be intercepted. Since the enroute flight plan waypoints correspond to VORs, flight
director Navigation Mode using either VOR or GPS as the navigation source may be used. In this scenario, VOR
Navigation Mode is used for navigation to the first VOR waypoint in the flight plan.
Intercepting a VOR radial:
1) Arm VOR Navigation Mode:
a) Tune the VOR frequency.
b) Press the CDI Softkey to set the navigation source to VOR.
c) Use the CRS1 or CRS2 Knob to set the Selected Course to the desired value, 255°. Note that at this point, the
flight director is still in Heading Select Mode and the autopilot continues to fly the Selected Heading, 290°.
d) Press the NAV Key. This arms VOR Navigation Mode and the white ‘VOR’ annunciation appears to the left of
the active lateral mode.

2) As the aircraft nears the Selected Course, the flight director transitions from Heading Select to VOR Navigation
Mode and the ‘VOR’ annunciation flashes green. The autopilot begins turning to intercept the Selected
Course.

3) The autopilot continues the turn until the aircraft is established on the Selected Course.

0
33
3
Hd
29 g
0o
30

V4
6

VO
3 R
27

NA
V
Mo
o
de
9

255 Salina
VOR 2
(SLN)
HD
24

G
M
od
12

e,
VO
R
21 Ar
m
15 ed
18
1

Figure 7-35 Intercepting a VOR Radial

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FLYING A FLIGHT PLAN/GPS COURSE

NOTE: Changing the navigation source cancels the Navigation Mode and causes the flight director to revert
back to Roll Hold Mode (wings rolled level).
As the aircraft closes on Salina VOR, GPS is used to navigate the next leg, airway V244. The aircraft is
currently tracking inbound on Airway V4.
Flying a GPS flight plan:
1) Transition from VOR to GPS Navigation Mode:
a) Press the CDI Softkey until GPS is the selected navigation source.
b) Press the NAV Key to activate GPS Navigation Mode. The autopilot steers the aircraft toward the active flight
plan leg.

2) Following the flight plan, the autopilot continues to steer the aircraft under GPS guidance. Note that in GPS
Navigation Mode, course changes defined by the flight plan are automatically made without pilot action
required.

0
33 3

0 1
33 de
AV Mo
30

3
V4 VOR N
6

075
AV Mo
d e 2
30

GPS N
27
6

o
260
9

o Salina
076 VOR
27

V 244 (SLN)
24

Hays
9

12

VOR
(HYS)
24

21 15
12

18

21
15
18

Figure 7-36 Transition to GPS Flight Plan

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AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

DESCENT
While flying the arrival procedure, the aircraft is cleared for descent in preparation for the approach to KCOS.
Three methods are presented for descent:
• Flight Level Change descent – Flight Level Change Mode can be used to descend to the Selected Altitude at a
constant airspeed. This descent method does not account for flight plan waypoint altitude constraints.
• Vertical Path Tracking descent – Vertical Path Tracking Mode is used to follow the vertical descent path
defined in the GPS flight plan. Altitude constraints correspond to waypoints in the flight plan. Before VNV
flight control can provide vertical profile guidance, a VNV flight plan must be entered and enabled.
• Non-path descent in a VNV scenario – A VNV flight plan is entered and enabled however, Pitch Hold, Vertical
Speed, or Flight Level Change Mode can be used to descend to the VNV Target Altitude prior to reaching the
planned TOD. Flight Level Change Mode is used in the example.
Descending using Flight Level Change:
1) Select Flight Level Change Mode:
a) Using the ALT SEL Knob, set the Selected Altitude to 10,000 feet.
b) Press the FLC Key to activate Flight Level Change Mode. The annunciation ‘FLC’ appears in the AFCS Status Box
and the Airspeed Reference (above the Airspeed Indicator) defaults to the current aircraft airspeed. Selected
Altitude Capture Mode is armed automatically.

c) If desired press the SPD SEL Knob to change the Airspeed Reference units to Mach.
2) Use the SPD SEL Knob or push the CWS Button while hand-flying the aircraft to adjust the commanded
airspeed while maintaining the same power, or reduce power to allow descent in Flight Level Change Mode
while the autopilot maintains the current airspeed.
3) As the aircraft nears the Selected Altitude, the flight director transitions to Selected Altitude Capture Mode,
indicated by the green ‘ALTS’ annunciation flashing for up to 5 seconds.

The green ‘ALT’ annunciation flashes for up to 5 seconds upon reaching 50 feet from the Selected Altitude; the

autopilot transitions to Altitude Hold Mode and levels the aircraft.

1 Cruise Altitude of 12,000 MSL

ALT Mode
2
FLC
Mod
e

3
Selected Altitude of 10,000 MSL
ALT Mode

Figure 7-37 FLC Descent

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

Descending using Vertical Path Tracking to VNV Target Altitude:

1) Select VNV flight control:
a) Press the VNV Key to arm Vertical Path Tracking Mode. The white annunciation ‘VPTH’ appears.

b) Using the ALT SEL Knob, set the Selected Altitude below the flight plan’s VNV Target Altitude of 10,000 feet.
If the Selected Altitude is not at least 75 ft below the VNV Target Altitude, the flight director commands descent

to the Selected Altitude rather than the VNV Target Altitude once Vertical Path Tracking Mode becomes active
(ALTS is armed rather than ALTV).
c) If Vertical Path Tracking Mode is armed more than 5 minutes prior to descent path capture, acknowledgment is
required for the flight director to transition from Altitude Hold to Vertical Path Tracking Mode. To proceed with
descent path capture if the white ‘VPTH’ annunciation begins flashing, do one of the following
• Press the VNV Key
 • Turn the ALT SEL Knob to adjust the Selected Altitude
If the descent is not confirmed by the time of interception, Vertical Path Tracking Mode remains armed and the

descent is not captured.
2) When the top of descent (TOD) is reached, the flight director transitions to Vertical Path Tracking Mode and
begins the descent to the VNV Target Altitude. Intention to capture the VNV Target Altitude is indicated by the
white ‘ALTV’ annunciation.

3) As the aircraft nears the VNV Target Altitude, the flight director transitions to VNV Target Altitude Capture Mode,
indicated by the magenta ‘ALTV’ annunciation flashing for up to 5 seconds.

The magenta ‘ALT’ annunciation flashes for up to 5 seconds upon reaching 50 feet from the VNV Target Altitude;

the autopilot transitions to Altitude Hold Mode and levels the aircraft at the vertical waypoint.

1 ALT Mode TOD

Cruise Altitude of 12,000 MSL

2
VPT
HM
ode

3
BOD
VNAV Target Altitude of 10,000 MSL ALT Mode

Selected Altitude (set below VNAV Target Altitude)

Along-track Offset, 3 nm before OPSHN

3 nm

Figure 7-38 VPTH Descent

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AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

Non-path descent using Flight Level Change Mode:

1) Using Flight Level Change Mode, command a non-path descent to an intermediate altitude above the next VNV
flight plan altitude:
a) Using the ALT SEL Knob, set the Selected Altitude below the current aircraft altitude to an altitude (in this case,
9,400 feet) at which to level off between VNV flight plan altitudes.
b) Press the FLC Key before the planned TOD during an altitude hold while VPTH is armed. The Airspeed Reference
defaults to the current aircraft airspeed. Vertical Path Tracking and Selected Altitude Capture Mode are armed
automatically.

2) Reduce power to allow descent in Flight Level Change Mode. The autopilot maintains the Airspeed Reference.
3) As the aircraft nears the Selected Altitude, the flight director transitions to Selected Altitude Capture Mode,
indicated by the green ‘ALTS’ annunciation flashing for up to 5 seconds.

The green ‘ALT’ annunciation flashes for up to 5 seconds upon reaching 50 feet from the Selected Altitude; the

autopilot transitions to Altitude Hold Mode and levels the aircraft. After leveling off reset Selected Altitude at
or below 9,000 ft.

4) When the next TOD is reached, Vertical Path Tracking becomes active (may require acknowledgment to allow
descent path capture).

5) As the aircraft nears the VNV Target Altitude, the flight director transitions to VNV Target Altitude Capture Mode,
indicated by the magenta ‘ALTV’ annunciation flashing for up to 5 seconds.

The magenta ‘ALT’ annunciation flashes for up to 5 seconds upon reaching 50 feet from the VNV Target Altitude;

the autopilot transitions to Altitude Hold Mode and levels the aircraft at the vertical waypoint.

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

VP
TH
M
od
e
Planned
BOD
2 TOD
VNAV Target Altitude of 10,000 MSL
ALT Mode
1 FL Pla
nn
C ed
M De
od sce
e nt
Pa
th
3 TOD
Selected Altitude of 9,400 MSL ALT Mode VP
TH
Mo
4 de
5 BOD
VNAV Target Altitude of 9,000 MSL ALT Mode

Selected Altitude

OPSHN HABUK
3 nm

Figure 7-39 Non-path Descent

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AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

APPROACH
Flying an ILS approach:
1) Transition from GPS Navigation Mode to Heading Select Mode.
a) Select the Runway 35L ILS approach for KCOS and select ‘VECTORS’ for the transition. Load and activate the
approach into the flight plan.
b) Use the HDG SEL Knob to set the Selected Heading after getting vectors from ATC.
c) Press the HDG Key. The autopilot turns the aircraft to the desired heading.
d) Use Heading Select Mode to comply with ATC vectors as requested.

2) Arm LOC Approach and Glideslope modes.

a) Ensure the appropriate localizer frequency is tuned.
b) Press the APR Key when cleared for approach to arm Approach and Glideslope modes. ‘LOC’ and ‘GS’ appear
in white as armed mode annunciations.

c) The navigation source automatically switches to LOC. After this switch occurs, the localizer signal can be captured
and the flight director determines when to begin the turn to intercept the final approach course. The flight
director now provides guidance to the missed approach point.
3) There are two options available at this point, as the autopilot flies the ILS approach:
• Push the AP DISC Switch at the decision • Use the GA Switch to execute a missed approach.
height and land the aircraft.
KCOS
GS Mode
LOC APR/

PETEY

2
HD
G
M
od
e

PYNON 1
GPS NAV Mode

Figure 7-40 ILS Approach to KCOS

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

Flying a RNAV GPS approach with vertical guidance:

1) Arm flight director modes for a RNAV GPS approach with vertical guidance:
a) Make sure the navigation source is set to GPS (use CDI Softkey to change navigation source).
b) Select the Runway 35R LPV approach for KCOS. Load and activate approach into the flight plan.
2) Press the APR Key once clearance for approach has been received. GPS Approach Mode is activated and
Glidepath Mode is armed.

3) Once the glidepath is captured, Glidepath Mode becomes active. The flight director now provides guidance to
the missed approach point.

4) There are two options available at this point, as the autopilot flies the approach:
• Push the AP DISC Switch at the decision • Use the GA Switch to execute a missed approach.
height and land the aircraft.

KCOS

CEGIX
GP Mode
GPS APR/

2
FALUR HABUK

PYNON
1
GPS NAV Mode

Figure 7-41 LPV Approach to KCOS

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AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

GO AROUND/MISSED APPROACH
NOTE: As a result of calculations performed by the system while flying the holding pattern, the display may
re-size automatically and the aircraft may not precisely track the holding pattern as depicted on the PFD and
MFD.

Flying a missed approach:

1) Push the GA Switch at the decision height and apply go around power to execute a missed approach. The
flight director Command Bars establish a nose-up climb to follow. If flying an ILS or LOC approach, the CDI also
switches to GPS as the navigation source.
Note that when the GA Switch is pushed, the missed approach is activated and the autopilot disconnects,

indicated by the ‘AP’ annunciation flashing red for 5 seconds.
Flashes 5 sec

2) Start the climb to the prescribed altitude in the published Missed Approach Procedure (in this case, 10,000 ft).
a) Press the AP Key to re-engage the autopilot.
b) Press the NAV Key to have the autopilot fly to the hold.

3) Use the ALT SEL Knob to set a Selected Altitude to hold.

To hold the current airspeed during the climb, press the FLC Key.


As the aircraft nears the Selected Altitude, the flight director transitions to Selected Altitude Capture Mode,

indicated by the green ‘ALTS’ annunciation flashing for up to 5 seconds.

The green ‘ALT’ annunciation flashes for up to 5 seconds upon reaching 50 feet from the Selected Altitude; the

autopilot transitions to Altitude Hold Mode and levels the aircraft.

4) The autopilot flies the holding pattern after the missed approach is activated. Annunciations are displayed in
the Navigation Status Box, above the AFCS Status Box.

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

MOGAL

GPS NAV Mode

3
2
KCOS
GA Mode

Figure 7-42 Go Around/Missed Approach

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AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

7.7 AFCS ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS

AFCS CAS MESSAGES

Crew Alerting System (CAS) messages related to the AFCS are listed in Table 7-6. CAS messages appear on
the PFDs in the window to the right of the Altimeter (see Figure 7-44). Refer to the EAS Section for details.

CAS Message Description

AP FAIL Loss of AP function
AUTO PTRIM FAIL Auto pitch trim failure; other pitch trim functions still available
AP PITCH MISTRIM Airplane mistrimmed in pitch axis when AP is engaged
AP ROLL MISTRIM Airplane mistrimmed in roll axis when AP is engaged
YD FAIL Loss of yaw damper function
YD MISTRIM Airplane mistrimmed in yaw axis when YD is engaged
PTRIM NML FAIL Loss of normally-operating pitch trim actuator
PTRIM BKP FAIL Loss of backup pitch trim actuator
PTRIM SW1 FAIL Failure of pilot pitch trim switch
PTRIM SW2 FAIL Failure of copilot pitch trim switch

Table 7-6 AFCS CAS Messages

CAS
Window

CAS Scrolling Softkey

(Softkey Becomes
Disabled When Less
Than 14 Messages
are Displayed)
Figure 7-43 CAS Display

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AFCS VOICE ALERTS

The voice alerts listed in Table 7-7 relate to the AFCS; for a complete list of voice alerts, see Appendix A.

Voice Alert Description

“Autopilot” Warning – Autopilot is disengaged
Single alert for manual AP disengagement
Continuous alert for automatic AP disengagement; cancelled with AP DISC Switch
“Flight Director” Single warning – Flight director has reverted to a default mode
“Trim, Trim, Trim” Continuous advisory (stops after 6 seconds) – MEPT Switch malfunction

Table 7-7 AFCS Voice Alerts

OVERSPEED PROTECTION
While Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, Flight Level Change, Vertical Path Tracking, or an altitude capture mode is
active, airspeed is monitored by the flight director and pitch commands are limited for overspeed protection.
Overspeed protection is provided in situations where the flight director cannot acquire and maintain the mode
reference for the selected vertical mode without exceeding the certified maximum autopilot airspeed.
When an autopilot overspeed condition occurs, a flashing yellow ‘MAXSPD’ annunciation appears above the
Airspeed Indicator and the voice alert “High Speed” is generated. Engine power should be reduced and/or the
pitch reference adjusted to slow the aircraft. The annunciation disappears when the overspeed condition is
resolved.

Airspeed
Indicator

Figure 7-44 Overspeed Annunciation

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 ADDITIONAL FEATURES

SECTION 8 ADDITIONAL FEATURES

NOTE: With the availability of SafeTaxi®, ChartView, or FliteCharts®, it may be necessary to carry another
source of charts on-board the aircraft.
Additional features of the system include the following:
• Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) • Maintenance Logs
• SafeTaxi® diagrams • SiriusXM Satellite Radio entertainment
• ChartView and FliteCharts® electronic charts • Scheduler
• AOPA or AC-U-KWIK Airport Directory • Electronic Checklists
• Satellite telephone and SMS messaging services • Position Reporting
• Wi-Fi Connections

The optional Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) provides a three-dimensional forward view of terrain features
on the PFD. SVT imagery shows the pilot’s view of relevant features in relation to the aircraft attitude, as well as
the flight path pertaining to the active flight plan.
SafeTaxi diagrams provide detailed taxiway, runway, and ramp information at more than 700 airports in the
United States. By decreasing range on an airport that has a SafeTaxi diagram available, a close up view of the
airport layout can be seen.
The FliteCharts and optional ChartView provide on-board electronic terminal procedures charts. Electronic
charts offer the convenience of rapid access to essential information. Either ChartView or FliteCharts may be
configured in the system, but not both.
The AOPA and AC-U-KWIK Airport Directories offer detailed information for a selected airport, such as available
services, hours of operation, and lodging options.
Iridium Telephone Services and SMS messaging is an optional subscription service offered through Garmin
Connext and Iridium Satellite LLC.
Wi-Fi setup allows for the transmission of data recorded by the Maintenance Logs feature as well as weather
information while aircraft is on ground. The recording of this data is not visible to the pilot and requires no pilot
interaction, other than setting up Wi-Fi connections where applicable.
The optional SiriusXM Satellite Radio entertainment audio feature of the GDL 69A Data Link Receiver handles
more than 170 channels of music, news, and sports. SiriusXM Satellite Radio offers more entertainment choices
and longer range coverage than commercial broadcast stations.
The Scheduler feature can be used to enter and display short term or long term reminder messages such as
Switch fuel tanks, Phase 1 inspection, or Altimeter/Transponder Check in the Messages Window on the PFD.
Optional checklists help to quickly find the proper procedure on the ground or during flight.
The Position Reporting feature allows the system to send position reporting information to a provider, such as
FlightAware.com.

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8.1 SYNTHETIC VISION TECHNOLOGY (SVT)

WARNING: Use appropriate primary systems for navigation, and for terrain, obstacle, and traffic avoidance.
SVT is intended as an aid to situational awareness only and may not provide either the accuracy or reliability
upon which to solely base decisions and/or plan maneuvers to avoid terrain, obstacles, or traffic.

The optional Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) is a visual enhancement to the Prodigy® Flight Deck 300. SVT
depicts a forward-looking attitude display of the topography immediately in front of the aircraft. The field of
view is 30 degrees to the left and 35 degrees to the right. SVT information is shown on the Primary Flight Display
(PFD), or on the Multifunction Display (MFD) in Reversionary Mode (Figure 8‑140). The depicted imagery is
derived from the aircraft attitude, heading, GPS three-dimensional position, and a nine arc-second database of
terrain, obstacles, and other relevant features. The terrain data resolution of nine arc-seconds, meaning that
the terrain elevation contours are stored in squares measuring nine arc-seconds on each side, is required for the
operation of SVT. Loss of any of the required data, including temporary loss of the GPS signal, will cause SVT to
be disabled until the required data is restored.
The SVT terrain display shows land contours (colors are consistent with those of the topographical map display),
large water features, towers, and other obstacles over 200’ AGL that are included in the obstacle database. Cultural
features on the ground such as roads, highways, railroad tracks, cities, and state boundaries are not displayed even
if those features are found on the MFD map. The terrain display also includes a north–south east–west grid with
lines oriented with true north and spaced at one arc-minute intervals to assist in orientation relative to the terrain.
The Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) is integrated within SVT to provide visual and auditory
alerts to indicate the presence of terrain and obstacle threats relevant to the projected flight path. Terrain alerts
are displayed in red and yellow shading on the PFD.
The terrain display is intended for situational awareness only. It may not provide the accuracy or fidelity on
which to base decisions and plan maneuvers to avoid terrain or obstacles. Navigation must not be predicated
solely upon the use of the TAWS terrain or obstacle data displayed by the SVT.
The following SVT enhancements appear on the PFD:
• Pathways • Airport Signs
• Flight Path Marker • Runway Display
• Horizon Heading Marks • Terrain Alerting
• Traffic Display • Obstacle Alerting

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 ADDITIONAL FEATURES

Figure 8-1 Synthetic Vision Imagery

SVT OPERATION
SVT is activated from the PFD using the softkeys located along the bottom edge of the display. Pressing the
softkeys turns the related function on or off. When SVT is enabled, the pitch scale increments are reduced to
10 degrees up and 7.5 degrees down.
SVT functions are displayed on three levels of softkeys. The PFD Softkey leads into the PFD function
Softkeys, including synthetic vision. Pressing the SYN VIS Softkey displays the SVT feature softkeys. The
softkeys are labeled PATHWAY, SYN TERR, HRZN HDG, and APTSIGNS. The BACK Softkey returns to
the previous level of softkeys. Synthetic Terrain must be active before any other SVT feature may be activated.
HRZN HDG, APTSIGNS, and PATHWAY Softkeys are only available when the SYN TERR Softkey is
activated (gray with black characters). After activating the SYN TERR Softkey, the HRZN HDG, APTSIGNS,
and PATHWAY softkeys may be activated in any combination to display desired features. When system power
is cycled, the last selected state (on or off) of the SYN TERR, HRZN HDG, APTSIGNS, and PATHWAY
softkeys is remembered by the system.
• PATHWAY Softkey enables display of rectangular boxes that represent course guidance.
• SYN TERR Softkey enables synthetic terrain depiction.
• HRZN HDG Softkey enables horizon heading marks and digits.
• APTSIGNS Softkey enables airport signposts.

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ADDITIONAL FEATURES

PFD

SYN VIS BACK

Pressing the BACK Softkey

returns to the top-level softkeys.

PATHWAY SYN TERR HRZN HDG APTSIGNS BACK

Pressing the BACK Softkey returns to the previous level of softkeys.

Figure 8-2 SVT Softkeys

Activating and deactivating SVT:

1) Press the PFD Softkey.
2) Press the SYN VIS Softkey.
3) Press the SYN TERR Softkey. The SVT display will cycle on or off with the SYN TERR Softkey.

Activating and deactivating Pathways:

1) Press the PFD Softkey.
2) Press the SYN VIS Softkey.
3) Press the PATHWAY Softkey. The Pathway feature will cycle on or off with the PATHWAY Softkey.

Activating and deactivating Horizon Headings:

1) Press the PFD Softkey.
2) Press the SYN VIS Softkey.
3) Press the HRZN HDG Softkey. The horizon heading display will cycle on or off with the HRZN HDG Softkey.

Activating and deactivating Airport Signs:

1) Press the PFD Softkey.
2) Press the SYN VIS Softkey.
3) Press the APTSIGNS Softkey. Display of airport signs will cycle on or off with the APTSIGNS Softkey.

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 ADDITIONAL FEATURES

SVT FEATURES

Selected
Airport Altitude
Runway
Pathways
Color
Matches CDI
Indicating
Flight NAV Source
Path
Marker Zero
Pitch Line
Airplane (ZPL) with
Symbol Compass
Heading
Marks
Synthetic
Terrain

SVT
Softkeys Figure 8-3 SVT on the Primary Flight Display

NOTE: Pathways and terrain features are not a substitute for standard course and altitude deviation
information provided by the altimeter, CDI, and VDI.

NOTE: Pathways are not available when the cross-pointer (X-Pointer) flight director format is selected.

PATHWAYS
Pathways provide a three-dimensional perspective view of the selected route of flight shown as colored rectangular
boxes representing the horizontal and vertical flight path of the active flight plan. The box size represents 700 feet
wide by 200 feet tall during enroute, oceanic, and terminal flight phases. During an approach, the box width is
700 feet or one half full scale deviation on the HSI, whichever is less. The height is 200 feet or one half full scale
deviation on the VDI, whichever is less. The altitude at which the pathway boxes are displayed is determined by
the selected altitude during climb, cruise, and when the active leg is the final approach course prior to intercepting
the glidepath/glideslope. During a descent (except while on the approach glidepath/glideslope), the pathway boxes
are displayed at the selected altitude, or the VNAV altitude programmed for the active leg in the flight plan, or the
published altitude constraint, whichever is higher (Figure 8-4). Just prior to intercepting the glidepath/glideslope,
the pathway boxes are displayed on the glidepath/glideslope, or the selected altitude, whichever is lower.
The color of the rectangular boxes may be magenta, green, or white depending on the route of flight and navigation
source selected. The active GPS or GPS overlay flight plan leg is represented by magenta boxes that correspond to
the Magenta CDI. A localizer course is represented by green boxes that correspond to a green CDI. An inactive
leg of an active flight plan is represented by white boxes corresponding to a white line drawn on the Inset map or
MFD map indicating an inactive leg.

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Selected
Altitude

Programmed
Altitudes

Figure 8-4 Programmed and Selected Altitude

Pathways provide supplemental glidepath/glideslope information on an active ILS, LPV, LNAV/VNAV, and
some LNAV approaches. Pathways are intended as an aid to situational awareness and should not be used
independent of the CDI, VDI, glide path indicator, and glide slope indicator. They are removed from the
display when the selected navigation information is not available. Pathways are not displayed beyond the
active leg when leg sequencing is suspended and are not displayed on any portion of the flight plan leg that
would lead to intercepting a leg in the wrong direction. Pathways are also automatically removed from the
display in the event a Resolution Advisory (RA) is issued by the optional TCAS II system. Pathways may then
be re-displayed by pressing the PATHWAY Softkey.

Departure and Enroute

Prior to intercepting an active flight plan leg, pathways are displayed as a series of boxes with pointers at
each corner that point in the direction of the active waypoint. Pathways are not displayed for the first leg
of the flight plan if that segment is a Heading-to-Altitude leg. The first segment displaying pathways is the
first active GPS leg or active leg with a GPS overlay. If this leg of the flight plan route is outside the SVT
field of view, pathways will not be visible until the aircraft has turned toward this leg. While approaching
the center of the active leg and prescribed altitude, the number of pathway boxes decreases to a minimum
of four.
Climb profiles cannot be displayed due to the variables associated with aircraft performance. Flight
plan legs requiring a climb are indicated by pathways displayed at a level above the aircraft at the altitude
selected or programmed.

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Descent and Approach

Pathways are shown descending only for a programmed descent (Figures 8-5, 8-6). When the flight plan
includes programmed descent segments, pathways are displayed along the descent path provided that the
selected altitude is lower than the programmed altitude.
When an approach providing vertical guidance is activated, Pathways are shown level at the selected
altitude up to the point along the final approach course where the altitude intercepts the extended vertical
descent path, glidepath, or glideslope. From the vertical path descent, glidepath, or glideslope intercept
point, the pathways are shown inbound to the Missed Approach Point (MAP) along the published lateral
and vertical descent path, or at the selected altitude, whichever is lower.
During an ILS approach, the initial approach segment is displayed in magenta at the segment altitudes
if GPS is selected as the navigation source on the CDI. When switching to localizer inbound with LOC
selected as the navigation source on the CDI, pathways are displayed in green along the localizer and glide
slope.
VOR, LOC BC, and ADF approach segments that are approved to be flown using GPS are displayed in
magenta boxes. Segments that are flown using other than GPS or ILS, such as heading legs or VOR final
approach courses are not displayed.

Selected Altitude
set for Enroute

Selected Altitude
set for Departure

Climbs NOT Non-programmed descents NOT displayed by pathway

displayed
by pathway
TOD

Selected Altitude
for Step Down
Programmed descent
displayed by pathway

Selected Altitude or Programmed Altitude

(whichever is higher)

Figure 8-5 SVT Pathways, Enroute and Descent

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Missed Approach
Upon activating the missed approach, pathways lead to the Missed Approach Holding Point (MAHP) and
are displayed as a level path at the published altitude for the MAHP, or the selected altitude, whichever is
the highest. If the initial missed approach leg is a Course-to-Altitude (CA) leg, the pathways boxes will
be displayed level at the altitude published for the MAHP. If the initial missed approach leg is defined by
a course using other than GPS, pathways are not displayed for that segment. In this case, the pathways
displayed for the next leg may be outside the field of view and will be visible when the aircraft has turned
in the direction of that leg.
Pathways are displayed along each segment including the path required to track course reversals that are
part of a procedure, such as holding patterns. Pathways boxes will not indicate a turn to a MAHP unless a
defined geographical waypoint exists between the MAP and MAHP.

FAF

Descent displayed
by pathway Selected Altitude
or Programmed Altitude
(whichever is higher)

Turn Segment
MAP Climbs NOT displayed NOT displayed
by pathway by pathway

MAHP

Figure 8-6 SVT Pathways, Approach, Missed Approach, and Holding

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FLIGHT PATH MARKER

The Flight Path Marker (FPM), also known as a Velocity Vector, is displayed on the PFD at groundspeeds
above 30 knots. The FPM depicts the approximate projected path of the aircraft accounting for wind speed
and direction relative to the three-dimensional terrain display.
The FPM is always available when the Synthetic Terrain feature is in operation. The FPM represents the
direction of the flight path as it relates to the terrain and obstacles on the display, while the airplane symbol
represents the aircraft heading.
The FPM works in conjunction with the Pathways feature to assist the pilot in maintaining desired altitudes
and direction when navigating a flight plan. When on course and altitude the FPM is aligned inside the
pathway boxes as shown (Figure 8-7).
The FPM may also be used to identify a possible conflict with the aircraft flight path and distant terrain or
obstacles. Displayed terrain or obstacles in the aircraft’s flight path extending above the FPM could indicate
a potential conflict, even before an alert is issued by TAWS. However, decisions regarding terrain and/or
obstacle avoidance should not be made using only the FPM.

Flight Path
Marker
(FPM)

Wind
Vector

Figure 8-7 Flight Path Marker and Pathways

ZERO PITCH LINE

The Zero Pitch Line is drawn completely across the display and represents the horizon when the terrain
horizon is difficult to distinguish from other terrain being displayed. It may not align with the terrain
horizon, particularly when the terrain is mountainous or when the aircraft is flown at high altitudes.

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HORIZON HEADING
The Horizon Heading is synchronized with the HSI and shows approximately 60 degrees of compass
heading in 30‑degree increments on the Zero Pitch Line. Horizon Heading tick marks and digits appearing
on the zero pitch line are not visible behind either the airspeed or altitude display. Horizon Heading is used
for general heading awareness, and is activated and deactivated by pressing the HRZN HDG Softkey.

TRAFFIC
WARNING: Intruder aircraft at or below 500 ft. AGL may not appear on the SVT display or may appear as a
partial symbol.

Traffic symbols are displayed in their approximate locations as determined by the related traffic systems.
Traffic symbols are displayed in three dimensions, appearing larger as they are getting closer, and smaller
when they are further away. Traffic within 250 feet laterally of the aircraft will not be displayed on the SVT
display. Traffic symbols and coloring are consistent with that used for traffic displayed in the Inset map or
MFD traffic page. If the traffic altitude is unknown, the traffic will not be displayed on the SVT display. For
more details refer to the traffic system discussion in the Hazard Avoidance section.

AIRPORT SIGNS
Airport Signs provide a visual representation of airport location and identification on the synthetic terrain
display. When activated, the signs appear on the display when the aircraft is approximately 15 nm from
an airport and disappear at approximately 4.5 nm. Airport signs are shown without the identifier until
the aircraft is approximately eight nautical miles from the airport. Airport signs are not shown behind the
airspeed or altitude display. Airport signs are activated and deactivated by pressing the APTSIGNS Softkey.
Traffic

Airport Airport
Sign with Sign
Identifier without
(Between Identifier
4.5 nm and (Between
8 nm) 8 nm and
15 nm)

Figure 8-8 Airport Signs

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RUNWAYS

WARNING: Do not use SVT runway depiction as the sole means for determining the proximity of the aircraft
to the runway or for maintaining the proper approach path angle during landing.

NOTE: Not all airports have runways with endpoint data in the database, therefore, these runways are not
displayed.

Runway data provides improved awareness of runway location with respect to the surrounding terrain. All
runway thresholds are depicted at their respective elevations as defined in the database. In some situations,
where threshold elevations differ significantly, crossing runways may appear to be layered. As runways are
displayed, those within 45 degrees of the aircraft heading are displayed in white. Other runways will be gray
in color. When an approach for a specific runway is active, that runway will appear brighter and be outlined
with a white box, regardless of the runway orientation as related to aircraft heading. As the aircraft gets closer
to the runway, more detail such as runway numbers and centerlines will be displayed.

Runway
Selected for Other
Approach Runway
on Airport

Figure 8-9 Airport Runways

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TAWS ALERTING
Terrain alerting on the synthetic terrain display is triggered by Forward-looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA)
alerts. In addition to the yellow terrain shading for a caution alert and the red shading for a warning alert,
TAWS-B alerting will also indicate potential impact points. These potential impact points correspond to red
and/or yellow X symbols on the PFD Inset Map (as shown in Figure 8-10), MFD map displays, and TAWS-B
Page on the MFD. Terrain shading will only occur on the synthetic terrain display on the PFD and TAWS-A
Page on the MFD when using the optional TAWS-A system. No terrain shading nor potential impact points
will be displayed on the PFD inset map or the MFD map display. For more detailed information regarding
TAWS, refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section.
In some instances, a terrain or obstacle alert may be issued with no conflict shading displayed on the
synthetic terrain. In these cases, the conflict is outside the SVT field of view to the left or right of the aircraft.

TERRAIN
Annunciation

Terrain
Caution

Potential
Impact
Point

Figure 8-10 Terrain Alert

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Obstacles are represented on the synthetic terrain display by standard two-dimensional tower symbols found
on the Inset map and MFD maps and charts. Obstacle symbols appear in the perspective view with relative
height above terrain and distance from the aircraft. When employing a TAWS-B system, unlike the Inset
map and MFD moving map display, obstacles on the synthetic terrain display do not change colors to warn
of potential conflict with the aircraft’s flight path until the obstacle is associated with an actual FLTA alert.
Obstacles greater than 1000 feet below the aircraft altitude are not shown. Obstacles are shown behind the
airspeed and altitude displays.
As with terrain alerting on a TAWS-A system, obstacle alerting is limited to the synthetic terrain display on
the PFD and the TAWS-A Page on the MFD.

Obstacle
Annunciation

Obstacle
Warning

Potential
Impact
Point

Figure 8-11 Obstacle

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FIELD OF VIEW
The PFD field of view can be represented on the MFD Navigation Map Page. Two dashed lines forming a
V‑shape in front of the aircraft symbol on the map, represent the forward viewing area shown on the PFD.
Configuring field of view:
1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight Map Setup and press the ENT Key.

Field of
View

Navigation Map Page OPTIONS Menu Map Setup Menu, Map Group, Field of View Option

Figure 8-12 Option Menus

3) Turn the FMS Knob to select the Map Group and press the ENT Key.
4) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the Map Group options to FIELD OF VIEW.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select On or Off.
6) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

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The following figure compares the PFD forward looking depiction with the MFD plan view and FIELD OF
VIEW turned on.

Lines
Depict
PFD Field
of View

SVT View on the PFD Field of View on the MFD

Figure 8-13 PFD and MFD Field of View Comparison

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8.2 SAFETAXI
The SafeTaxi feature gives greater map detail when viewing airports at close range. The maximum map ranges
for enhanced detail are pilot configurable. When viewing at ranges close enough to show the airport detail,
the map reveals taxiways with identifying letters/numbers, airport Hot Spots, and airport landmarks including
ramps, buildings, control towers, and other prominent features. Resolution is greater at lower map ranges. When
the MFD display is within the SafeTaxi ranges, the airplane symbol on the airport provides enhanced position
awareness.
Designated Hot Spots are recognized at airports with many intersecting taxiways and runways, and/or complex
ramp areas. Airport Hot Spots are outlined to caution pilots of areas on an airport surface where positional
awareness confusion or runway incursions happen most often. Hot Spots are defined with a magenta circle or
outline around the region of possible confusion.
Any map page that displays the navigation view can also show the SafeTaxi airport layout within the maximum
configured range. The following is a list of pages where the SafeTaxi feature can be seen:

• Navigation Map Page • VOR Information Page

• Inset Map (PFD) • User Waypoint Information Page
• Weather Datalink Page • Trip Planning Page
• Airport Information Page • Nearest Pages
• Intersection Information Page • Active and Stored Flight Plan Pages
• NDB Information Page
During ground operations the aircraft’s position is displayed in reference to taxiways, runways, and airport
features. In the example shown, the aircraft is on taxiway Bravo inside the High Alert Intersection boundary
on KSFO airport. Airport Hot Spots are outlined in magenta. When panning over the airport, features such as
runway holding lines and taxiways are shown at the cursor.

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 ADDITIONAL FEATURES

Taxiway
Identification

Aircraft
Position
Airport Hot
Spot Outline

Airport
Features

DCLTR Softkey
Removes
Taxiway
Figure 8-14 SafeTaxi Depiction on the Navigation Map Page Markings

The DCLTR Softkey (declutter) label advances to DCLTR-1, DCLTR -2, and DCLTR-3 each time the softkey is
selected for easy recognition of decluttering level. Selecting the DCLTR Softkey removes the taxiway markings
and airport feature labels. Selecting the DCLTR-1 Softkey removes VOR station ID, the VOR symbol, and
intersection names if within the airport plan view. Selecting the DCLTR-2 Softkey removes the airport runway
layout, unless the airport in view is part of an active route structure. Selecting the DCLTR-3 Softkey cycles back
to the original map detail. Refer to Map Declutter Levels in the Flight Management Section.
Configuring SafeTaxi range:
1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Map Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key.

Figure 8-15 Navigation Map PAGE MENU, Map Setup Option

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3) Turn the FMS Knob to select the Aviation Group and press the ENT Key.
4) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the Aviation Group options to SAFETAXI.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the range of distances.
6) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired distance for maximum SafeTaxi display range.
7) Press the ENT Key to complete the selection.
8) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.

SAFETAXI
Option

SafeTaxi
Range
Options

Figure 8-16 MAP SETUP Menu, Aviation Group, SAFETAXI Range Options

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SAFETAXI DATABASE CYCLE NUMBER AND REVISION

SafeTaxi database is revised every 56 days. SafeTaxi is always available for use after the expiration date.
When turning on the system, the Power-up Page indicates whether the databases are current, out of date, or
not available.

SafeTaxi Database

Figure 8-17 Power-up Page, SafeTaxi Database

Power-up Page Display Definition

Normal operation. SafeTaxi database is valid and within current cycle.

SafeTaxi database has expired.

Database card contains no SafeTaxi data.

Table 8-1 SafeTaxi Annunciation Definitions

The SafeTaxi Region, Version, Cycle, Effective date and Expires date of the database cycle can also be found
on the AUX - System Status page, as seen in Figure 8-18.
Select the MFD1 DB Softkey to place the cursor in the DATABASE window. Scroll through the listed
information by turning the FMS Knob or pressing the ENT Key until the SafeTaxi database information is
shown.

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The SafeTaxi database cycle number shown in Figure 8-18, 15S3, is deciphered as follows:
15 – Indicates the year 2015
S – Indicates the data is for SafeTaxi
3 – Indicates the third issue of the SafeTaxi database for the year
The SafeTaxi EFFECTIVE date 07–MAY–15 is the beginning date for the current database cycle. SafeTaxi
EXPIRES date 02–JUL–15 is the revision date for the next database cycle.

SafeTaxi Data

Figure 8-18 AUX – System Status Page, SafeTaxi Current Information

SafeTaxi information appears in blue and yellow text. The EFFECTIVE date appears in blue when data is
current and in yellow when the current date is before the effective date. The EXPIRES date appears in blue
when data is current and in yellow when expired (Figures 8‑18 and 8-19). NOT AVAILABLE appears in blue
in the REGION field if SafeTaxi data is not available on the database card (Figure 8‑19). An expired SafeTaxi
database is not disabled and will continue to function indefinitely.
Select the MFD1 DB Softkey a second time. The softkey label will change to PFD1 DB. The DATABASE
window will now be displaying database information for PFD1. As before, scroll through the listed information
by turning the FMS Knob or pressing the ENT Key until the SafeTaxi database information is shown.
Select the PFD1 DB Softkey. The softkey label will change to PFD2 DB. The DATABASE window will now
display database information for PFD2. Again, scroll through the listed information by turning the FMS Knob
or pressing the ENT Key until the SafeTaxi database information is shown.
Refer to Updating Garmin Databases in Appendix B for instructions on revising the SafeTaxi database.

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Figure 8-19 illustrates possible SafeTaxi database conditions that may appear on the AUX - System Status
Page. The EFFECTIVE date is the beginning date for this database cycle. If the present date is before the
effective date, the EFFECTIVE date appears in yellow and the EXPIRES date appears in blue. The EXPIRES date
is the revision date for the next database cycle. NOT AVAILABLE indicates that SafeTaxi is not available on the
database card or no database card is inserted.

Current Date is before Effective Date SafeTaxi Database has Expired SafeTaxi Database Not Installed

Figure 8-19 AUX – System Status Page, SafeTaxi Database Status

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8.3 CHARTVIEW
ChartView resembles the paper version of Jeppesen terminal procedures charts. The charts are displayed in full
color with high-resolution. The MFD depiction shows the aircraft position on the moving map in the planview
of approach charts and on airport diagrams. Airport Hot Spots are outlined in magenta.
The geo-referenced aircraft position is indicated by an aircraft symbol displayed on the chart when the current
position is within the boundaries of the chart. Inset boxes (Figure 8-20) are not considered within the chart
boundaries. Therefore, when the aircraft symbol reaches a chart boundary line, or inset box, the aircraft symbol
is removed from the display.
Figure 8-20 shows examples of off-scale areas, indicated by the grey shading. Note, the grey shading is for
illustrative purposes only and will not appear on the published chart or MFD display. These off-scale areas
appear on the chart to convey supplemental information. However, the depicted geographical position of this
information, as it relates to the chart planview, is not the actual geographic position. Therefore, when the aircraft
symbol appears within one of these areas, the aircraft position indicated is relative to the chart planview, not to
the off-scale area.

Off-Scale
Area

Off-Scale
Areas

Figure 8-20 Sample Chart Indicating Off-Scale Areas

NOTE: Do not maneuver the aircraft based solely upon the geo-referenced aircraft symbol.

The ChartView database subscription is available from Jeppesen, Inc. Available data includes:
• Arrivals (STAR) • Airport Diagrams
• Departure Procedures (DP) • NOTAMs
• Approaches

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 ADDITIONAL FEATURES

CHARTVIEW SOFTKEYS
ChartView functions are displayed on three levels of softkeys. While on the Navigation Map Page, Nearest
Airports Page, or Flight Plan Page, selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey displays the available terminal chart and
advances to the chart selection level of softkeys: CHRT OPT, CHRT, INFO, DP, STAR, APR, WX, NOTAM,
and GO BACK. The chart selection softkeys shown below appear on the Airport Information Page.
Selecting the GO BACK Softkey reverts to the top level softkeys and previous page.
Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey advances to the next level of softkeys: ALL, HEADER, PLAN, PROFILE,
MINIMUMS, FIT WDTH, FULL SCN, and BACK.
While viewing the CHRT OPT Softkeys, after 45 seconds of softkey inactivity, the system reverts to the chart
selection softkeys.

SHW CHRT

CHRT OPT CHRT INFO-1 DP STAR APR WX NOTAM GO BACK

Selecting the GO BACK Softkey returns

INFO-2 to the top-level softkeys and previous page.

ALL HEADER PLAN PROFILE MINIMUMS FIT WDTH FULL SCN BACK

Selecting the BACK Softkey returns

to the Chart Selection Softkeys.

Figure 8-21 ChartView SHW CHRT, Chart Selection, and Chart Option Softkeys

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ADDITIONAL FEATURES

TERMINAL PROCEDURES CHARTS

Selecting Terminal Procedures Charts:
While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airport Page, or Flight Plan Page, select the SHW CHRT
Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the OPTIONS Menu to Show Chart.
3) Press the ENT Key to display the chart.

Navigation Map Page OPTIONS Menu Waypoint Airport Information Page OPTIONS Menu

Figure 8-22 Option Menus

When no terminal procedure chart is available for the nearest airport or the selected airport, the banner
CHART NOT AVAILABLE appears on the screen. The CHART NOT AVAILABLE banner does not refer to
the Jeppesen subscription, but rather the availability of a particular airport chart selection or procedure for a
selected airport.

Figure 8-23 Chart Not Available Banner

If there is a problem in rendering the data (such as a data error or a failure of an individual chart), the banner
UNABLE TO DISPLAY CHART is then displayed.

Figure 8-24 Unable To Display Chart Banner

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 ADDITIONAL FEATURES

When a chart is not available by selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey or selecting a Page Menu Option, charts
may be obtained for other airports from the WPT Pages or Flight Plan Pages.
If a chart is available for the destination airport, or the airport selected in the active flight plan, the chart
appears on the screen. When no flight plan is active, or when not flying to a direct-to destination, selecting the
SHW CHRT Softkey displays the chart for the nearest airport, if available.
The chart shown is the one associated with the WPT – Airport Information page. Usually this is the airport
runway diagram. Where no runway diagram exists, but Take Off Minimums or Alternate Minimums are
available, that page appears. If Airport Information pages are unavailable, the Approach Chart for the airport
is shown.
Selecting a chart:
1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Flight Plan Page, or Nearest Airports Page, select the SHW CHRT
Softkey. The airport diagram or approach chart is displayed on the Airport Information Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to select either the Airport Identifier Box or the Approach Box. (Select the APR Softkey
if the Approach Box is not currently shown).
4) Turn the small and large FMS Knob to enter the desired airport identifier.
5) Press the ENT Key to complete the airport selection.
6) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Approach Box.
7) Turn the small FMS Knob to show the approach chart selection choices.
8) Turn either FMS Knob to scroll through the available charts.
9) Press the ENT Key to complete the chart selection.

Chart Scale
Select Desired
Approach Chart
from Menu

Scroll Through
Entire Chart
With the
Joystick

Figure 8-25 Approach Information Page, Chart Selection

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While the APPROACH Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the softkeys are blank. Once the desired chart
is selected, the chart scale can be changed and the chart page can be scrolled using the Joystick. Pressing the
Joystick centers the chart on the screen.
The aircraft symbol is shown on the chart only if the chart is to scale and the aircraft position is within
the boundaries of the chart. The aircraft symbol is not displayed when the Aircraft Not Shown Icon appears
(Figure 8‑29). If the Chart Scale Box displays a banner NOT TO SCALE, the aircraft symbol is not shown. The
Aircraft Not Shown Icon may appear at certain times, even if the chart is displayed to scale.
Selecting the CHRT Softkey switches between the ChartView diagram and the associated map in the WPT
page group. In the example shown, the CHRT Softkey switches between the DeKalb Peachtree (KPDK) Airport
Diagram and the navigation map on the WPT – Airport Information page.

Press CHRT Softkey

to Switch Between
ChartView and WPT -
Airport Information Page

Figure 8-26 CHRT Softkey, Airport Information Page

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 ADDITIONAL FEATURES

Selecting the INFO-1 or INFO-2 Softkey returns to the airport diagram chart when the view is on a terminal
procedure chart. If the displayed chart is the airport diagram chart, selecting the INFO-1 or INFO-2 Softkey
returns to the Airport Information Page.
The aircraft position is shown in magenta on the ChartView diagrams when the location of the aircraft is
within the chart boundaries. In the example shown, the aircraft is turning onto Taxiway Bravo on the Charlotte,
NC (KCLT) airport.
Another source for additional airport information is from the INFO Box above the chart for certain airports.
This information source is not related to the INFO-1 or INFO-2 Softkey. When the INFO Box is selected
using the FMS Knob, the softkeys are blank. The Charlotte, NC airport has five additional charts offering
information; the Airport Diagram, Take-off Minimums, Class B Airspace, Airline Parking Gate Coordinates, and
Airline Parking Gate Location. (The numbers in parentheses after the chart name are Jeppesen designators.)

Figure 8-27 Airport Information Page, INFO View, Full Screen Width

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In the example shown in Figure 8-27, the Class B Chart is selected. Pressing the ENT Key displays the
Charlotte Class B Airspace Chart (Figure 8-28).

Figure 8-28 Airport Information Page, Class B Chart Selected from INFO View

Selecting the DP Softkey displays the Departure Procedure Chart if available.

Chart Not
To Scale

Aircraft Not
Shown Icon

Figure 8-29 Departure Information Page

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Selecting the STAR Softkey displays the Standard Terminal Arrival Chart if available.

Chart Not
To Scale

Change Range
and Scroll
Through the
Chart With the
Joystick

Aircraft Not
Shown Icon

Figure 8-30 Arrival Information Page

Selecting the APR Softkey displays the approach chart for the airport if available.

Figure 8-31 Approach Information Page

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Selecting the WX Softkey shows the airport weather frequency information, and includes weather data such
as METAR and TAF from the XM Data Link Receiver, when available. Weather data from Connext weather
may also be displayed on this page. Weather information is available only when an XM Data Link Receiver is
installed and the SiriusXM Weather subscription is current.

WX Info
When
Available

WX Softkey
Selected
Figure 8-32 Weather Information Page

NOTE: A subdued softkey label indicates the function is disabled.

Recent NOTAMS applicable to the current ChartView cycle are included in the ChartView database. Selecting
the NOTAM Softkey shows the local NOTAM information for selected airports, when available. When NOTAMS
are not available, the NOTAM Softkey label appears subdued and is disabled. The NOTAM Softkey may appear
on the Airport Information Page and all of the chart page selections.

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NOTAM Softkey
Appears When
NOTAMS are
Figure 8-33 NOTAM Softkey Enabled Available for
Selected Airport

Local
NOTAM on
Selected
Airport

NOTAM Softkey
Selected
Figure 8-34 Airport Information Page, Local NOTAMs

Selecting the NOTAM Softkey again removes the NOTAMS information.

Selecting the GO BACK Softkey reverts to the previous page (Navigation Map Page, Nearest Pages, or Flight
Plan Page).

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CHART OPTIONS
Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey displays the next level of softkeys, the chart options level (Figure 8-21).
Selecting the ALL Softkey shows the entire approach chart on the screen.

Entire Chart
Shown

Figure 8-35 Approach Information Page, ALL View

Selecting the HEADER Softkey shows the header view (approach chart briefing strip) on the screen.

Approach
Chart
Briefing Strip

Figure 8-36 Approach Information Page, Header View

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Selecting the PLAN Softkey shows the approach chart two dimensional plan view.

Approach
Chart Plan
View

Figure 8-37 Approach Information Page, Plan View

Selecting the PROFILE Softkey displays the approach chart descent profile strip.

Approach
Chart Descent
Profile Strip

Figure 8-38 Approach Information Page, Profile View, Full Screen Width

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Selecting the MINIMUMS Softkey displays the minimum descent altitude/visibility strip at the bottom of the
approach chart.

Minimum
Descent
Altitude/
Visibility Strip

Figure 8-39 Approach Information Page, Minimums View, Full Screen Width

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If the chart scale has been adjusted to view a small area of the chart, selecting the FIT WIDTH Softkey
changes the chart size to fit the available screen width.

Select FIT WDTH

Softkey to Show
Full Chart Width
Figure 8-40 Airport Information Page, FIT WDTH Softkey Selected

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Selecting the FULL SCN Softkey alternates between removing and replacing the data window to the right.
Selecting Additional Information:
1) While viewing the Airport Taxi Diagram, select the FULL SCN Softkey to display the information windows
(AIRPORT, INFO).
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the AIRPORT, INFO, RUNWAYS, or FREQUENCIES Box (INFO Box shown).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the INFO Box choices. If multiple choices are available, scroll to the desired
choice with the large FMS Knob and press the ENT Key to complete the selection.
5) Press the FMS Knob again to deactivate the cursor.

Available
Information

Select FULL SCN

Softkey to Switch
Between Full Screen
and Chart with Info
Window

Figure 8-41 Airport Information Page, Full Screen and Info Window

Selecting the BACK Softkey, or waiting for 45 seconds reverts to the chart selection softkeys.

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The full screen view can also be selected by using the page menu option.
Selecting full screen On or Off:
1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Chart Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move between the FULL SCREEN and COLOR SCHEME Options.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to choose between the On and Off Full Screen Options.

Chart Setup Option Full Screen On/Off Selection

Figure 8-42 Page Menus

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DAY/NIGHT VIEW
ChartView can be displayed on a white or black background for day or night viewing. The Day View offers
a better presentation in a bright environment. The Night View gives a better presentation for viewing in a dark
environment. When the CHART SETUP Box is selected the softkeys are blank.
Selecting Day, Night, or Automatic View:
1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Chart Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key.

Figure 8-43 Waypoint Information Page, OPTIONS Menu

3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move to the COLOR SCHEME Option (Figure 8‑44).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to choose between Day, Auto, and Night Options.
5) If Auto Mode is selected, turn the large FMS Knob to select the percentage field. Use the small FMS Knob to
change the percentage value. The percentage value is the day/night crossover point based on the percentage of
backlighting intensity. For example, if the value is set to 15%, the day/night display changes when the display
backlight reaches 15% of full brightness.
The display must be changed in order for the new setting to become active. This may be accomplished by
selecting another page or changing the display range.
6) Press the FMS Knob when finished to remove the Chart Setup Menu.

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Figure 8-44 Arrival Information Page, Day View

Figure 8-45 Arrival Information Page, Night View

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CHARTVIEW CYCLE NUMBER AND EXPIRATION DATE

The ChartView database is revised every 14 days. Charts are still viewable during a period that extends from
the cycle expiration date to the disables date. ChartView is disabled 70 days after the expiration date and is no
longer available for viewing. After the expiration date, the ChartView database is no longer current, however,
data displayed on the actual charts may still be current. When viewing charts after the ChartView database has
expired, ensure the displayed chart is current before using.
When turning on the system, the Power-up Page displays the current status of the ChartView database. See
the table below for the various ChartView Power-up Page displays and the definition of each.

ChartView Database

Figure 8-46 Power-up Page, ChartView Database

Power-up Page Display Definition

Blank Line. system is not configured for ChartView. Contact a Garmin-
authorized service center for configuration.
System is configured for ChartView but no chart database is installed.
Contact Jeppesen for a ChartView database.
Normal operation. ChartView database is valid and within current
cycle.
ChartView database is within 1 week after expiration date. A new cycle
is available for update.
ChartView database is beyond 1 week after expiration date, but still
within the 70 day viewing period.
ChartView database has timed out. Database is beyond 70 days after
expiration date. ChartView database is no longer available for viewing.
System time is not available. GPS satellite data is unknown or the
system has not yet locked onto satellites. Check database cycle number
for effectivity.
System is verifying chart database when new cycle is installed for the
first time.
After verifying, chart database is found to be corrupt. ChartView is not
available.
Table 8-2 ChartView Power-up Page Annunciations and Definitions

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The ChartView time critical information can also be found on the AUX - System Status page. The database
CYCLE number, EXPIRES, and DISABLES dates of the ChartView subscription appear in either blue or yellow
text. When the ChartView EXPIRES date is reached, ChartView becomes inoperative 70 days later. This is
shown as the DISABLES date. When the DISABLES date is reached, charts are no longer available for viewing.
The SHW CHRT Softkey label then appears subdued and is disabled until a revised issue of ChartView is
installed.

NOTE: A subdued softkey label indicates the function is disabled.

Select the MFD1 DB Softkey to place the cursor in the DATABASE window. Scroll through the listed
information by turning the FMS Knob or pressing the ENT Key until the ChartView database information is
shown.
The ChartView database cycle number shown in the figure, 1504, is deciphered as follows:
15 – Indicates the year 2015
04 – Indicates the fourth issue of the ChartView database for the year
The EXPIRES date 06–MAR–15 is the date that this database should be replaced with the next issue.
The DISABLES date 15–MAY–15 is the date that this database becomes inoperative.

ChartView
Data

Figure 8-47 AUX – System Status Page, ChartView Current and Available

The ChartView database is obtained directly from Jeppesen. Refer to Updating Jeppesen Databases in
Appendix B for instructions on revising the ChartView database.

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Other possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown in Figure 8-48. The EXPIRES date, in yellow,
is the revision date for the next database cycle. The DISABLES date, in yellow, is the date that this database
cycle is no longer viewable. CYCLE NOT AVAILABLE in blue, indicates no ChartView data is available on the
database card or no database card is inserted.

ChartView has Expired, but is not Disabled ChartView Database is Disabled ChartView Database is Not Available

Figure 8-48 AUX – System Status Page, ChartView Database Status

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8.4 FLITECHARTS
FliteCharts resemble the paper version of AeroNav Services terminal procedures charts. The charts are displayed
with high-resolution and in color for applicable charts. The MFD depiction shows the aircraft position on the
moving map in the planview of approach charts.
The geo-referenced aircraft position is indicated by an aircraft symbol displayed on the chart when the current
position is within the boundaries of the chart. An aircraft symbol may be displayed within an off-scale area
depicted on some charts.
Figure 8-49 shows examples of off-scale areas, indicated by the grey shading. Note, these areas are not shaded on
the published chart. These off-scale areas appear on the chart to convey supplemental information. However, the
depicted geographical position of this information, as it relates to the chart planview, is not the actual geographic
position. Therefore, when the aircraft symbol appears within one of these areas, the aircraft position indicated is
relative to the chart planview, not to the off-scale area.
The FliteCharts database subscription is available from Garmin. Available data includes:
• Arrivals (STAR) • Approaches
• Departure Procedures (DP) • Airport Diagrams

Off-Scale
Areas Off-Scale
Area

Off-Scale
Areas

Off-Scale
Area

Figure 8-49 Sample Chart Indicating Off-Scale Areas

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NOTE: Do not maneuver the aircraft based solely upon the geo-referenced aircraft symbol.

FLITECHARTS SOFTKEYS
FliteCharts functions are displayed on three levels of softkeys. While on the Navigation Map Page, Nearest
Airports Page, or Flight Plan Page, selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey displays the available terminal chart
and advances to the chart selection level of softkeys: CHRT OPT, CHRT, INFO, DP, STAR, APR, WX, and
GO BACK. The chart selection softkeys appear on the Airport Information Page.
Selecting the GO BACK Softkey reverts to the top level softkeys and previous page.
Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey displays the available terminal chart and advances to the next level of
softkeys: ALL, FIT WDTH, FULL SCN, and BACK.
While viewing the CHRT OPT Softkeys, after 45 seconds of softkey inactivity, the system reverts to the chart
selection softkeys.
NOTAMs are not available with FliteCharts. The NOTAM Softkey label appears subdued and is disabled.

SHW CHRT

CHRT OPT CHRT INFO-1 DP STAR APR WX GO BACK

Selecting the GO BACK Softkey returns

INFO-2 to the top-level softkeys and previous page.

ALL FIT WDTH FULL SCN BACK

Selecting the BACK Softkey returns

to the Chart Selection Softkeys.

Figure 8-50 FliteCharts SHW CHRT, Chart Selection, and Chart Option Softkeys

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TERMINAL PROCEDURES CHARTS

Selecting Terminal Procedures Charts:
While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airport Page, or Flight Plan Page, select the SHW CHRT
Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the OPTIONS Menu to Show Chart.
3) Press the ENT Key to display the chart.

Navigation Map Page OPTIONS Menu Waypoint Airport Information Page OPTIONS Menu

Figure 8-51 Option Menus

When no terminal procedure chart is available, the banner CHART NOT AVAILABLE appears on the screen.
The CHART NOT AVAILABLE banner does not refer to the FliteCharts subscription, but rather the availability
of a particular airport chart selection or procedure for a selected airport.

Figure 8-52 Chart Not Available Banner

If there is a problem in rendering the data (such as a data error or a failure of an individual chart), the banner
UNABLE TO DISPLAY CHART is then displayed.

Figure 8-53 Unable To Display Chart Banner

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When a chart is not available by selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey or selecting a Page Menu Option, charts
may be obtained for other airports from the WPT Pages or Flight Plan Pages.
If a chart is available for the destination airport, or the airport selected in the active flight plan, the chart
appears on the screen. When no flight plan is active, or when not flying to a direct-to destination, selecting the
SHW CHRT Softkey displays the chart for the nearest airport, if available.
The chart shown is one associated with the WPT – Airport Information page. Usually this is the airport runway
diagram. Where no runway diagram exists, but Take Off Minimums or Alternate Minimums are available, that
page appears. If Airport Information pages are unavailable, the Approach Chart for the airport is shown.
Selecting a chart:
1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Flight Plan Page, or Nearest Airports Page, select the SHW CHRT
Softkey. The airport diagram or approach chart is displayed on the Airport Information Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to select either the Airport Identifier Box or the Approach Box. (Select the APR Softkey
if the Approach Box is not currently shown).
4) Turn the small and large FMS Knob to enter the desired airport identifier.
5) Press the ENT Key to complete the airport selection.
6) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Approach Box.
7) Turn the small FMS Knob to show the approach chart selection choices.
8) Turn either FMS Knob to scroll through the available charts.
9) Press the ENT Key to complete the chart selection.

Chart Not
To Scale

Select Desired
Approach Chart
from Menu

Pan Entire
Chart With
the Joystick

Aircraft Not
Shown Icon

Figure 8-54 Approach Information Page, Chart Selection

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While the APPROACH Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the softkeys are blank. Once the desired chart is
selected, the chart scale can be changed and the chart can be panned using the Joystick. Pressing the Joystick
centers the chart on the screen.
The Chart Scale Box displays a banner NOT TO SCALE.
Selecting the CHRT Softkey switches between the FliteCharts diagram and the associated map in the WPT
page group. In the example shown, the CHRT Softkey switches between the Charlotte, NC (KCLT) Airport
Diagram and the navigation map on the WPT – Airport Information page.

Select CHRT Softkey

to Switch Between
FliteCharts and WPT -
Airport Information Page

Figure 8-55 CHRT Softkey, Airport Information Page

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Selecting the INFO-1 or INFO-2 Softkey returns to the airport diagram chart when the view is on a terminal
procedure chart. If the displayed chart is the airport diagram chart, selecting the INFO-1 or INFO-2 Softkey
returns to the Airport Information Page.
Another source for additional airport information is from the INFO Box above the chart (Figure 8-55) or to
the right of the chart (Figure 8-56) for certain airports. This information source is not related to the INFO-1 or
INFO-2 Softkey. When the INFO Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the softkeys are blank. The Charlotte,
NC airport has three additional charts offering information; the Airport Diagram, Alternate Minimums, and
Take-off Minimums.

Info Box
Selected

Figure 8-56 Airport Information Page, INFO View with Airport Information

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In the example shown in Figure 8-56, TAKE OFF MINIMUMS is selected. Pressing the ENT Key displays the
IFR Alternate Minimums Chart (Figure 8-57).

Figure 8-57 Airport Information Page, ALTERNATE MINIMUMS Selected from INFO View

Selecting the DP Softkey displays the Departure Procedure Chart if available.

Figure 8-58 Departure Information Page

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Selecting the STAR Softkey displays the Standard Terminal Arrival Chart if available.

Figure 8-59 Arrival Information Page

Selecting the APR Softkey displays the approach chart for the airport if available. The aircraft symbol is
shown on the chart only if the chart is to scale and the aircraft position is within the boundaries of the chart.
The aircraft symbol is not displayed when the Aircraft Not Shown Icon appears. If the Chart Scale Box displays
a banner NOT TO SCALE, the aircraft symbol is not shown.

Figure 8-60 Approach Information Page

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Selecting the WX Softkey shows the airport weather frequency information, when available, and includes
weather data such as METAR and TAF from the XM Data Link Receiver. Weather data from Connext weather
may also be displayed on this page. Weather information is available only when an XM Data Link Receiver is
installed and the SiriusXM Weather subscription is current.
Selecting Additional Information:
1) While viewing the Airport Taxi Diagram, select the WX Softkey to display the information windows (AIRPORT,
INFO).
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the INFO Box.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the INFO Box choices. When the INFO Box is selected the softkeys are blank.
If multiple choices are available, scroll to the desired choice with the large FMS Knob and press the ENT Key to
complete the selection.
5) Press the FMS Knob again to deactivate the cursor.

Info Available
on This Airport

WX Info
When
Available

Chart Not
To Scale
Softkeys are
Blank during
Info Box
Selection
WX Softkey
Selected
Figure 8-61 Weather Information Page, WX Softkey Selected

Selecting the GO BACK Softkey reverts to the previous page (Navigation Map Page or Flight Plan Page).

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CHART OPTIONS
Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey displays the next level of softkeys, the chart options level (Figure 8-50).
Selecting the ALL Softkey shows the entire chart on the screen.

Entire Chart
Shown

Figure 8-62 Airport Information Page, ALL View Selected

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Selecting the FIT WIDTH Softkey fits the width of the chart in the display viewing area. In the example
shown, the chart at close range is replaced with the full width chart.

Select FIT WDTH

Softkey to Show
Full Chart Width
Figure 8-63 Approach Information Page, FIT WDTH Softkey Selected

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Selecting the FULL SCN Softkey alternates between removing and replacing the data window to the right.

Select FULL SCN

Softkey to Switch
Between Full Screen
Chart and Chart with
Info Window

Figure 8-64 Airport Information Page, Full Screen and Info Window

Selecting the BACK Softkey, or waiting for 45 seconds reverts to the chart selection softkeys.

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The full screen view can also be selected by using the page menu option.
Selecting full screen On or Off:
1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Chart Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move between the FULL SCREEN and COLOR SCHEME Options.
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to choose between the On and Off Full Screen Options.

Chart Setup Option Full Screen On/Off Selection

Figure 8-65 Page Menus

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DAY/NIGHT VIEW
FliteCharts can be displayed on a white or black background for day or night viewing. The Day View offers
a better presentation in a bright environment. The Night View gives a better presentation for viewing in a dark
environment. When the CHART SETUP Box is selected the softkeys are blank.
Selecting Day, Night, or Automatic View:
1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Chart Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key.

Figure 8-66 Waypoint Information Page, OPTIONS Menu

3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move to the COLOR SCHEME Option (Figure 8‑67).
4) Turn the small FMS Knob to choose between Day, Auto, and Night Options.
5) If Auto Mode is selected, turn the large FMS Knob to select the percentage field. Use the small FMS Knob to
change the percentage value. The percentage value is the day/night crossover point based on the percentage of
backlighting intensity. For example, if the value is set to 15%, the day/night display changes when the display
backlight reaches 15% of full brightness.
The display must be changed in order for the new setting to become active. This may be accomplished by
selecting another page or changing the display range.
6) Press the FMS Knob when finished to remove the Chart Setup Menu.

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Figure 8-67 Approach Information Page, Day View

Figure 8-68 Approach Information Page, Night View

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FLITECHARTS CYCLE NUMBER AND EXPIRATION DATE

FliteCharts data is revised every 28 days. Charts are still viewable during a period that extends from the cycle
expiration date to the disables date. FliteCharts is disabled 180 days after the expiration date and are no longer
available for viewing upon reaching the disables date. After the expiration date, the FliteCharts database is no
longer current, however, data displayed on the actual charts may still be current. When viewing charts after the
FliteCharts database has expired, ensure the displayed chart is current before using.
When turning on the system, the Power-up Page displays the current status of the FliteCharts database. See
the table below for the various FliteCharts Power-up Page displays and the definition of each.

FliteCharts Database

Figure 8-69 Power-up Page, FliteCharts Database

Power-up Page Display Definition

Blank Line. system is not configured for FliteCharts. Contact a Garmin-
authorized service center for configuration.
System is configured for FliteCharts but no chart database is installed.
Refer to Updating Garmin Databases in Appendix B for the FliteCharts
database
Normal operation. FliteCharts database is valid and within current
cycle.
FliteCharts database is beyond the expiration date, but still within the
180 day viewing period.
FliteCharts database has timed out. Database is beyond 180 days
after expiration date. FliteCharts database is no longer available for
viewing.

Table 8-3 FliteCharts Power-up Page Annunciations and Definitions

Other possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown in Figure 8-70. ‘FliteCharts Expires’ plus a
date in white, indicates the chart database is current. ‘Chart data is out of date!’ in yellow, indicates charts are
still viewable, but approaching the disable date.

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When the 180 day grace period has expired, ‘Chart data is disabled.’ in yellow indicates that the FliteCharts
database has expired and is no longer viewable. ‘Chart Data: N/A’ appears in white if no FliteCharts data is
available on the database card or no database card is inserted.
FliteCharts time critical information can also be found on the AUX - System Status page. The FliteCharts
database REGION, CYCLE number, EFFECTIVE, EXPIRES, and DISABLES dates of the subscription appear in
either blue or yellow text. Dates shown in blue are current data. Dates shown in yellow indicate the data is not
within the current subscription period.
FliteCharts becomes inoperative 180 days after the FliteCharts EXPIRES date is reached, and is no longer
available for viewing. This date is shown as the DISABLES date. After the disable date the SHW CHRT Softkey
label appears subdued and is unavailable until a revised issue of FliteCharts is installed.

NOTE: A subdued softkey label indicates the function is disabled.

Select the MFD1 DB Softkey to place the cursor in the DATABASE window. Scroll through the listed
information by turning the FMS Knob or pressing the ENT Key until the FliteCharts database information is
shown.
The FliteCharts database cycle number shown in the figure, 1505, is deciphered as follows:
15 – Indicates the year 2015
05 – Indicates the fifth issue of the FliteCharts database for the year
The FliteCharts EFFECTIVE date 07–MAY–15 is the first date that this database is current.
The FliteCharts EXPIRES date 04–JUN–15 is the last date that this database is current.
The DISABLES date 01–DEC–15 is the date that this database becomes inoperative.

FliteCharts
Data

Figure 8-70 AUX – System Status Page, FliteCharts Current and Available

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The FliteCharts database is provided from Garmin. Refer to Updating Garmin Databases in Appendix B for
instructions on revising the FliteCharts database.
The other four possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown here. The EFFECTIVE date, in
yellow, indicates the current date precedes the date the FliteCharts database becomes effective. The EXPIRES
date, in yellow, is the revision date for the next database cycle. The DISABLES date, in yellow, is the date that
this database cycle is no longer viewable. NOT AVAILABLE in blue, indicate the FliteCharts database is not
available on the database card or no database card is inserted.

Current Date is Before Effective Date FliteCharts Expired, but is not Disabled FliteCharts Database is Disabled

FliteCharts Database is Not Available

Figure 8-71 AUX – System Status Page, FliteCharts Datbase Status

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8.5 AIRPORT DIRECTORY

The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) and optional AC-U-KWIK Airport Directory databases
offer detailed information regarding services, hours of operation, lodging options, and more. This information
is viewed on the Airport Information Page by selecting the INFO Softkey until INFO-2 is displayed as shown in
Figure 8-72.
Both Airport Directories are available for downloading at flygarmin.com. However, copy only one of the
databases to the Supplemental Data Card. The system cannot recognize both databases simultaneously.
Selecting the Airport Directory Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the ‘WPT’ page group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the AIRPORT INFORMATION Page. Initially, information for the airport closest
to the aircraft’s present position is displayed.
3) If necessary, select the INFO softkey until INFO-2 is displayed.

Figure 8-72 AOPA Information on the Airport Information Page

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AIRPORT DIRECTORY DATABASE CYCLE NUMBER AND REVISION

The Airport Directory databases are revised every 56 days. Check fly.garmin.com for the current database.
The Airport Directory is always available for use after the expiration date. When turning on the system, the
Power-up Page indicates whether the databases are current, out of date, or not available.

Airport Directory Database

Figure 8-73 Power-up Page, Airport Directory Database

Power-up Page Display Definition

Normal operation. Airport Directory database is valid and within
current cycle.
Airport Directory database has expired.

Database card contains no Airport Directory data.

Table 8-4 Airport Directory Annunciation Definitions

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The Airport Directory Region, Version, Cycle, Effective date and Expires date of the database cycle can also be
found on the AUX - System Status page, as seen in Figure 8-74.
Select the MFD1 DB Softkey to place the cursor in the DATABASE window. Scroll through the listed
information by turning the FMS Knob or pressing the ENT Key until the Airport Directory database information
is shown.
The Airport Directory database cycle number shown in the figure, 15D2, is deciphered as follows:
15 – Indicates the year 2015
D – Indicates the data is for Airport Directory
2 – Indicates the second issue of the Airport Directory database for the year
The Airport Directory EFFECTIVE date 15–APR–15 is the beginning date for the current database cycle. The
Airport Directory EXPIRES date 14–JUL–15 is the revision date for the next database cycle.

Airport Directory
Data

Figure 8-74 AUX – System Status Page, Airport Directory Current Information

Airport Directory information appears in blue and yellow text. The EFFECTIVE date appears in blue when
data is current and in yellow when the current date is before the effective date. The EXPIRES date appears in
blue when data is current and in yellow when expired (Table 8-4). NOT AVAILABLE appears in blue in the
REGION field if Airport Directory data is not available on the database card. An expired Airport Directory
database is not disabled and will continue to function indefinitely.

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8.6 SATELLITE TELEPHONE AND SMS MESSAGING

NOTE: Separate accounts must be established to access the Iridium satellite network for voice and Garmin
Connext for data transmission of maintenance reports.

An optional GSR 56 Iridium Transceiver provides Iridium Satellite Telephone service and SMS text messaging.
Iridium telephone and text messaging are available to the flight crew through the Multi-function Display, audio
panel and headset. The system provides a telephone handset interface to be used for voice communication
between the aircraft cabin and the cockpit and for Iridium telephone service in the aircraft cabin.
Operation of these features in the cockpit is accomplished through the AUX-TELEPHONE and AUX-TEXT
MESSAGING Pages. For operation using the cabin handset, consult the instructions provided with the handset.

REGISTERING WITH GARMIN CONNEXT

A subscriber account must be established prior to using the Iridium Satellite System. Before setting up an
Iridium account, obtain the serial number of the Iridium Transceiver (GSR1) and the System ID by selecting the
AUX- SYSTEM STATUS Page as shown in Figure 8-75. Contact Garmin at 1-866-739-5687 in the United States
or 913-397-8200, ext. 1135.

Iridium Transceiver Serial Number System ID Number

Figure 8-75 Identification Needed for Iridium Registration

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TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION
The pilot or copilot can place and answer calls on the Iridium satellite network as well as to or from the
telephone handset in the cabin. Calls can also be answered or made from the cabin phone, however, only
actions initiated from the cockpit phone will be discussed here. See the cabin handset user guide for more
information. Control and monitoring of telephone functions are accomplished through the AUX-TELEPHONE
Page.
Viewing the Telephone Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob on the MFD to select the AUX page group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select SATELLITE PHONE.
3) If necessary, select the TEL Softkey to display the AUX-TELEPHONE Page.
The PHONE STATUS display, as shown in Figure 8-76, gives a graphical representation of the current
disposition of voice and/or data transmissions. Table 8-5 describes symbology used on Phone Status display.

Satellite
Signal
Strength
External Internal
Phone Phones

Figure 8-76 Phone Status Display

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Internal External
Description
Phone Phone

Phone is Idle

Phone is ringing

Phone has a dial tone (off hook) or connected to another phone

Phone dialed is busy

Phone is dialing another phone

Phone has failed

Phone status not known

Phone is disabled

Phone is reserved for data transmission

Calling other phone or incoming call from other phone

Other phone is on hold

Phones are connected

Table 8-5 Telephone Symbols

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ENABLE/DISABLE THE IRIDIUM TELEPHONE SYSTEM

The Iridium Satellite Telephone System may be turned on or off by using the page menu.

Figure 8-77 Enable Iridium Telephone System

To enable the Iridium telephone system:

1) With the AUX-TELEPHONE Page displayed, select the MENU Key on the MFD to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Enable Iridium Transmission’.
3) Press the ENT Key.

To disable the Iridium telephone system:

1) With the AUX-TELEPHONE Page displayed, select the MENU Key on the MFD to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Disable Iridium Transmission’.
3) Press the ENT Key.

CONTACTS
The names, telephone number, and email addresses can be saved in a list of contacts for easy use when
making telephone calls.

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Entering a new contact:

1) With the AUX-TELEPHONE Page displayed, press the FMS Knob to display the cursor.
2) If necessary, turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘NEW ENTRY’ as shown in Figure 8-78.

Figure 8-78 Select ‘NEW ENTRY’

3) Press the ENT Key. The cursor moves the ‘NAME’ field of the ‘CONTACT DETAILS’ window, as seen in Figure
8-79.

Figure 8-79 Enter Contact Name

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4) Enter the desired name of the new contact. Entry can be accomplished through the alphanumeric keys on the
MFD Controller, or the FMS Knobs on the controller or the MFD.
5) Press the ENT Key. The cursor moves to the ‘PHONE NUMBER’ field.
6) Enter the desired telephone number as shown in Figure 8-80. Entry can be accomplished through the
alphanumeric keys on the MFD Controller, or the FMS Knobs on the controller or the MFD.

Figure 8-80 Enter Contact Phone Number

7) Press the ENT Key. The cursor moves to the ‘EMAIL’ field, as in Figure 8-81.

Figure 8-81 Enter Contact Email

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8) Enter the desired email address. Entry can be accomplished through the alphanumeric keys on the MFD
Controller, or the FMS Knobs on the controller or the MFD.
9) Press the ENT Key. The SAVE button is highlighted as in Figure 8-82.

Figure 8-82 Save New Contact Entry

10) Press the ENT Key. The new contact entry is added to the list of saved contacts. See Figure 8-83

Figure 8-83 Contact Shown in List

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Delete a contact:
1) With the AUX-TELEPHONE Page displayed, press the FMS Knob to display the cursor.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on the desired contact name, as shown in Figure 8-84.

Figure 8-84 Select Contact to be Deleted

3) Select the DELETE Softkey. A confirmation window is displayed as in Figure 8-85.

Figure 8-85 Confirm Contact Deletion

4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to delete the selected contact.

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Edit a contact:
1) With the AUX-TELEPHONE Page displayed, press the FMS Knob to display the cursor.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on the desired contact name, as shown in Figure 8-86.

Figure 8-86 Select Contact to be Edited

3) Select the EDIT Softkey. The cursor is placed in the ‘NAME’ field, as in Figure 8-87. Enter the desired changes.
Entry can be accomplished through the alphanumeric keys on the MFD Controller, or the FMS Knobs on the
controller or the MFD.

Figure 8-87 Make the Desired Changes

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4) Press the ENT Key when each field is conplete. The SAVE Button is now highlighted.
5) Press the ENT Key to save the changes.

INCOMING CALLS
When viewing MFD pages other than the AUX-TELEPHONE Page, a pop-up alert similar to Figure 8-88
will be displayed and an aural alert “Incoming Call” will be heard. If the call is from the cabin, CABIN will be
displayed as seen in Figure 8-88. If the incoming call is an Iridium network call, IRIDIUM will be displayed.
The pop-up alert may be inhibited at times, such as during takeoff. In addition to the pop-up alert, a ringing
phone symbol will be displayed to the right of the MFD page title as shown in Figure 8-88. Also, the voice
alert “Incoming Call” will be heard on the selected cockpit audio.

Incoming Call Pop-up Incoming Call Symbol on MFD Page

Figure 8-88 Incoming Call

Answering an incoming call in the cockpit:

1) Press the TEL Key on the appropriate audio panel.
2) Select the ANSWER Softkey on the MFD.
Or:
While viewing the AUX-TELEPHONE Page:

NOTE: The Push-to-Talk switch is not utilized for telephone communication. The microphone is active after
selecting the ANSWER Softkey, and stays active until the call is terminated.

1) Press the TEL Key on the appropriate audio panel.

2) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
3) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Answer Incoming Call’.
4) Press the ENT Key.
Selecting the IGNORE Softkey will extinguish the pop-up window and leave the current call unanswered.
Selecting the IGNRE ALL Softkey will extinguish the pop-up window for the current and all future incoming
calls and leave the current call unanswered. Selecting the TEL Softkey will display the AUX-TELEPHONE
Page allowing additional call information to be viewed before answering.

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Disabling incoming call alerts:

1) With the AUX-TELEPHONE Page displayed, press the MENU Key on the MFD to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Disable Incoming Call Alerts’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The voice and pop-up alert will not be displayed now when an incoming call is received.

OUTGOING CALLS
Voice calls can be made from the cockpit to the handset in the cabin, or to an external phone through the
Iridium Satellite Network.
Making a call to the cabin:
1) Press the TEL Key on the appropriate audio panel.
2) Select the DIAL Softkey on the MFD. A display similar to Figure 8-89 will be shown.

Figure 8-89 Initiating a Cabin Call

3) Press the ENT Key. The cursor will move from ‘CABIN’ to ‘OK’.

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4) Press the ENT Key again. The cabin phone will now ring as seen in Figure 8-90.

Figure 8-90 Cabin Phone Ringing

When the cabin phone is answered, the connection is established as shown in Figure 8-91. To exit the call,
select the HANGUP Softkey.

Figure 8-91 Cabin Phone Answered

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Making an external call from the cockpit by dialing the number:

1) Press the TEL Key on the appropriate audio panel.
2) Select the DIAL Softkey on the MFD. A display similar to Figure 8-92 will be shown.

Figure 8-92 Initiating an External Call

3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘IRIDIUM’ as seen in Figure 8-93.

Figure 8-93 Selecting the Iridium Satellite System

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4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor has now moved to the phone number entry field as shown in Figure 8-94.

Figure 8-94 Enter Phone Number

5) Enter the desired telephone number by selecting the number softkeys on the MFD or by selecting the numeric
keys on the MFD Control Unit. The International dialing sequence is necessary to place a call from the cockpit
to an external phone: Country Code + City/Area Code (if any) + Telephone Number.
The following country codes may be used when calling other satellite telephone systems.
Satellite System Country Code
Inmarsat 870
ICO 8810 or 8811
Ellipso 8812 or 8813
Iridium 8816 or 8817
Globalstar 8818 or 8819

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6) Press the ENT Key. ‘OK’ is highlighted as in Figure 8-95.

Figure 8-95 Make the Call

7) Press the ENT Key. The system will begin calling the number, as in Figure 8-96.

Figure 8-96 System is Making the Connection

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When the phone is answered, the connection is established as shown in Figure 8-97. To exit the call, select
the HANGUP Softkey.
When numeric entries are required while a call is connected, such as selecting menu items like “dial zero to
get an operator”, select the KEYPAD Softkey to access the numeric softkeys.

Figure 8-97 Phone is Answered, Connection Complete

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Making an external call from the cockpit by using the Contact List:
1) Press the TEL Key on the appropriate audio panel.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired contact name in the list of contacts, as seen in Figure 8-98.
4) Select the CALL Softkey. The external call is initiated and the number associated with the contact name is
dialed.

Figure 8-98 Making a Call from the Contact List

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PLACING THE COCKPIT PHONE ON HOLD

Placing a call on hold:
Select the HOLD Softkey on the MFD.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Put Current Call On Hold’.
3) Press the ENT Key.
The cockpit phone is now isolated from the call as seen in Figure 8-99. This figure illustrates a conference
call between the cockpit, cabin, and an external phone in which the cockpit phone has been put on hold.
Select the HOLD Softkey again to resume the call.

Figure 8-99 Cockpit Phone on Hold

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TRANSFERRING A CALL FROM THE COCKPIT

From the cockpit phone, an external call can be transferred to the cabin phone, or a call with the cabin
phone can be transferred to an external phone, or (when two Iridium Transceivers are installed) an external
call can be transferred to another external phone.
Transferring a call:
1) Select the TRANS Softkey on the MFD.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
b) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Transfer Current Call’.
c) Press the ENT Key.
A window similar to that shown in Figure 8-100 will be displayed. In this example, an active call to the
cabin is transferred to an external number. Therefore, the window shows the ‘Iridium’ option. If the active
call is with an external phone, ‘CABIN’ would be the option.

Figure 8-100 Enter Phone Number to Receive Transferred Call

2) Press the ENT Key. The cursor now highlights the phone number entry field.
3) Enter the phone number to which the call is being transferred, as discussed earlier for making an external call
on the Iridium satellite network.
4) Press the ENT Key. ‘OK’ is now highlighted.

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5) Press the ENT Key again to place the call as shown in Figure 8-101.

Figure 8-101 Call Transfer to an External Phone

When the external phone is answered, the call connection is indicated as in Figure 8-102.

Figure 8-102 Call Transfer Complete

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MAKING A CONFERENCE CALL FROM THE COCKPIT

The cabin or an external phone (two external phones if two Iridium Transceivers are installed) can be added
to a call already in progress.
Adding another phone to an active call:
1) Select the CONF Softkey on the MFD.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
b) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Conference Current Call’.
c) Press the ENT Key.
A window similar to that shown in Figure 8-103 will be displayed. In this example, an external phone will
be added to an active call to the cabin. Therefore, the window shows the ‘IRIDIUM’ option. If the active call
is with an external phone, ‘CABIN’ would be the option.

Figure 8-103 Initiate a Conference Call

2) Press the ENT Key. The cursor now highlights the phone number entry field.
3) Enter the phone number to be added to the call, as discussed earlier for making an external call on the Iridium
satellite network.
4) Press the ENT Key. ‘OK’ is now highlighted.

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5) Press the ENT Key again to place the call as shown in Figure 8-104.

Figure 8-104 Conference in External Phone

When the external phone is answered, the call connection is indicated as in Figure 8-105.

Figure 8-105 External Phone Added

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TEXT MESSAGING (SMS)

The pilot or copilot can send and receive text messages on the Iridium satellite network. Messages may be
sent to an email address or text message capable cellular telephone. Message length is limited to 160 characters,
including the email address.
The text messaging user interface is mainly through the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page.
Viewing the Text Messaging Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob on the MFD to select the AUX page group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the SATELLITE PHONE.
3) If necessary, select the SMS Softkey to display the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page as shown in Figure 8-106.

Figure 8-106 Text Messaging Page

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Message Symbol Description

Received text message that has not been opened

Received text message that has been opened

Saved text message, draft not sent

System is sending text message

Text message has been sent

System failed to send text message

Predefined text message

Table 8-6 Text Message Symbols

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VIEWING A TEXT MESSAGE WHEN RECEIVED

When viewing MFD pages other than the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, a pop-up alert similar to Figure
8-107 will be displayed when a new text message is received.

New Text Message Pop-up New Text Message Symbol on MFD Page

Figure 8-107 New Text Message Received

Select the VIEW Softkey to view the message (Figure 8-108). Selecting the IGNORE Softkey will extinguish
the pop-up window and leave the text message unopened. Selecting the IGNR ALL Softkey will extinguish
the pop-window and ignore all future incoming text messages. Selecting the SMS Softkey will display the
AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page.

Figure 8-108 Text Message Displayed from Pop-Up Alert

The pop-up alerts may be enabled or disabled through the Page Menu.

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Enabling/disabling incoming text message pop-up alerts:

1) With the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page displayed, press the MENU Key on the MFD to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Disable New Message Popups’ or ‘Enable New Message
Popups’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The pop-up alert will not be displayed when an incoming text message is received.

Figure 8-109 Disabling New Text Message Pop-Ups

REPLY TO A TEXT MESSAGE

After reading a text message, a reply may be sent.
Replying to a text message:
While viewing the text message, select the REPLY Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Reply To Message’.
3) Press the ENT Key.

SENDING A TEXT MESSAGE

Text messages may be sent from the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page.
Sending a new text message:
1) While viewing the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, select the NEW Softkey.
Or:

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a) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.

b) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Draft New Message’.
c) Press the ENT Key.

Figure 8-110 Composing a New Text Message

2) The TEXT MESSAGE DRAFT Window is now displayed with the cursor in the ‘TO’ field. Enter the desired
telephone number or email address. Entry can be accomplished through the alphanumeric keys on the MFD
Controller, or combination of the FMS Knob on the controller and softkeys on the MFD. The FMS Knob is used
to enter letters and numbers, or numbers can be entered from the MFD by selecting the NUMBERS Softkey.
Select the CAP LOCK Softkey to create upper and lower case alpha characters. Special characters can be
accessed by selecting the SYMBOLS Softkey. See Figure 8-110.
3) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed in the ‘MESSAGE’ field.
4) Enter the desired message using any combination of entry methods as described in step 2.
5) Press the ENT Key.
6) Select the SEND Softkey to send the message immediately, or select the SAVE Softkey to save the message in
Outbox for sending at a later time. Select the CANCEL Softkey to delete the message.

PREDEFINED TEXT MESSAGES

Time and effort can be saved in typing text messages that are used repeatedly by saving these messages as
a predefined message.

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Creating a predefined text message:

1) While viewing the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.

Figure 8-111 Creating/Editing Predefined Messages

2) Turn either FMS Knob to select ‘Edit Predefined Messages’ as shown in Figure 8-111.
3) Press the ENT Key. The PREDEFINED MESSAGES view is now displayed.
4) Select the NEW Softkey.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
b) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Draft New Predefined Message’.
c) Press the ENT Key. The PREDEFINED SMS TEXT MESSAGE Window is now displayed as shown in Figure 8-112.

Figure 8-112 Composing a Predefined Message

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5) The cursor is displayed in the ‘TITLE’ field. Enter the desired message title. Entry can be accomplished through
the alphanumeric keys on the MFD Controller, or combination of the FMS Knob on the controller and softkeys
on the MFD. The FMS Knob is used to enter letters and numbers, or numbers can be entered from the MFD
by selecting the NUMBERS Softkey. Select the CAP LOCK Softkey to create upper and lower case alpha
characters. Special characters can be accessed by selecting the SYMBOLS Softkey.
6) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed in the ‘MESSAGE’ field.
7) Enter the desired message using any combination of entry methods as described in step 5.
8) Press the ENT Key.
9) Select the SAVE Softkey. The new predefined message is now shown in the displayed list. Selecting the
CANCEL Softkey will delete the message without saving.
10) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
11) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Stop Editing Predefined Message’.
12) Press the ENT Key.

Sending a predefined text message:

1) While viewing the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, select the NEW Softkey.
2) The TEXT MESSAGE DRAFT Window is now displayed with the cursor in the ‘TO’ field. Enter the desired
telephone number or email address. Entry can be accomplished through the alphanumeric keys on the MFD
Controller, or combination of the FMS Knob on the controller and softkeys on the MFD. The FMS Knob is used
to enter letters and numbers, or numbers can be entered from the MFD by selecting the NUMBERS Softkey.
Select the CAP LOCK Softkey to create upper and lower case alpha characters. Special characters can be
accessed by selecting the SYMBOLS Softkey. See Figure 8-113.
3) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed in the ‘MESSAGE’ field (Figure 8-113).

Figure 8-113 Composing a New Text Message

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4) Select the PREDEFD Softkey. The PREDEFINED MESSAGE MENU Window is displayed as seen in Figure 8-114.

Figure 8-114 Predefined Message List

5) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired predefined message.

6) Press the ENT Key. The predefined message text is inserted into the message field. If desired, the message can
be edited by using the FMS Knobs.
7) Press the ENT Key.
8) Select the SEND Softkey to transmit the message.

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TEXT MESSAGE BOXES

Received text messages reside in the Inbox as ‘Read’ or ‘Unread’ messages. The Outbox contains ‘Sent” and
‘Unsent’ text messages. Saved messages that are meant to be sent later are stored as Drafts. Each text message
box may be viewed separately, or together in any combination.
Show Inbox messages:
While viewing the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, select the ARRANGE Softkey, then select the INBOX Softkey
(Figure 8-115).
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Show Inbox Messages’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The message box selected for viewing is indicated at the bottom left of the list window.

Figure 8-115 Text Message Inbox

Show Outbox messages:

While viewing the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, select the ARRANGE Softkey, then select the OUTBOX
Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Show Outbox Messages’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The message box selected for viewing is indicated at the bottom left of the list window.

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Show Draft messages:

While viewing the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, select the ARRANGE Softkey, then select the DRAFTS
Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Show Draft Messages’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The message box selected for viewing is indicated at the bottom left of the list window.

MANAGING TEXT MESSAGES

The viewed messages may be listed according to the date/time the message was sent or received, the type of
message (read, unread, sent, unsent, etc.), or by message address.
Viewing messages sorted by message date/time:
While viewing the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, select the ARRANGE Softkey, then select the TIME Softkey
(Figure 8-115).
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Sort By Date/Time’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The sorting selection is indicated at the bottom center of the list window (Figure 8-115).

Viewing messages sorted by message type:

While viewing the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, select the ARRANGE Softkey, then select the TYPE Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Sort By Type’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The sorting selection is indicated at the bottom center of the list window.

Viewing messages sorted by address:

While viewing the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, select the ARRANGE Softkey, then select the ADDRESS
Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Sort By Address’.
3) Press the ENT Key. The sorting selection is indicated at the bottom center of the list window.

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Viewing the content of a text message:

1) While viewing the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, select the desired message box.
2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
3) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired message.
4) Select the VIEW Softkey.
Or:
Press the ENT Key.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
b) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘View Selected Message’.
c) Press the ENT Key.
Message content is displayed as shown in Figure 8-116.

Figure 8-116 Viewing Message Content

5) To close the text message, select the CLOSE Softkey.

Or:
a) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
b) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Close Message’.
c) Press the ENT Key.

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Marking selected message as read:

1) While viewing the Inbox on the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired message.
3) Select the MRK READ Softkey.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
b) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Mark Selected Message As Read’.
c) Press the ENT Key.
The message symbol now indicates the message has been opened.

Marking all messages as read:

1) While viewing the Inbox on the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Mark All New Messages As Read’.
3) Press the ENT Key. A confirmation window is displayed.
4) With cursor highlighting ‘YES’, press the ENT Key. The message symbols now indicate all the message have
been opened.
Delete a message:
1) While viewing the Inbox on the AUX-TEXT MESSAGING Page, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired message.
3) Select the DELETE Softkey.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
b) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Delete Selected Message’.
c) Press the ENT Key.

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8.7 WI-FI CONNECTIONS

The optional GDL 59 Data Link provides a Wi-Fi data link between the aircraft and a ground computer network.
Wi-Fi connections are used for transferring maintenance log data to the aircraft manufacturer. The system can
connect to a IEEE 802.11g compatible network provided the aircraft is on the ground and located within range
of a network. The system is capable of WEP64, WEP128,WPA-PSK, and WPA2-PSK encryption formats. WPA-
Enterprise and WPA2-Enterprise are not supported. Connections that require web proxies, captive portals, or
other elements that require user credentials, including a username and password or a redemption or access code;
or require action such as accepting a user agreement, are not supported.
Control and monitoring of Wi-Fi functions are accomplished through the AUX-WI-FI SETUP Page.
Viewing the Wi-Fi Setup Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob on the MFD to select the AUX page group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select DATA LINK. The AUX-WI-FI SETUP Page is now displayed.

Setting up a new Wi-Fi connection:

1) Select the AVAIL Softkey on the MFD. A list of available networks will be displayed in the AVAILABLE NETWORKS
window as shown in Figure 8-117. Signal strength is shown for each network, as well as security methods and
whether the network has been saved in the system’s memory.

Figure 8-117 Available Wi-Fi Networks

2) If necessary, select the RESCAN Softkey to have the system scan again for available networks.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
b) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Rescan Available Networks’.
c) Press the ENT Key.

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3) Press the FMS Knob to place the cursor in the list of networks.
4) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired network. See Figure 8-118.

Figure 8-118 Desired Network Selected

5) Select the CONNECT Softkey.
Or:
a) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
b) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Connect To Selected Network’.
c) Press the ENT Key.
6) If the network is secured, a window similar to Figure 8-119 will be displayed in order to enter the necessary
passcode. Use the FMS Knobs to enter the desired alpha numeric characters. Select the CAP LOCK Softkey to
enter upper case letters. If there is no security associated with the network, proceed to step 9.

Figure 8-119 Enter Security Code

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7) Press the ENT Key. ‘OK’ will be highlighted.

8) Press the ENT Key again.
9) The SAVE SETTINGS window is now displayed with the cursor highlighting ‘SAVE CONNECTION’.

Figure 8-120 Save Option

10) The selected network can be saved to system memory to make re-connection easier at a later time.

Connecting the selected network without saving:

a) Turn the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to highlight ‘CONNECT’.
b) Press the ENT Key.
Saving and connecting the selected network:
a) Press the ENT Key. A checkmark is placed in the checkbox and the cursor moves to the airport field as shown
in Figure 8-121.
b) Using the FMS Knobs, enter an airport identifier to be associated with the saved network. This aids in identifying
the network later in the event of duplicate network names.
c) Press the ENT Key. The cursor moves to ‘CONNECT’.
d) Press the ENT Key again to connect to the selected network.

Figure 8-121 Save Connection

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Editing a saved network:

1) While viewing list of saved networks, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor as seen in Figure 8-122.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to highlight the network to be edited.
3) Pressing the ENT Key at this point will check or uncheck the AUTO CONNECT checkbox. When a checkmark is
present, the system will automatically connect to the network when within range.

Figure 8-122 Select Network to be Edited

4) Select the EDIT Softkey. The cursor now appears in the CONNECTION SETTINGS window as shown in Figure 8-123.

Figure 8-123 Select Attributes to Edit

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5) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the network attribute to be edited.
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to begin editing the field.
7) When the entry is complete, press the ENT Key.
8) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key until ‘SAVE’ is highlighted.
9) Press the ENT Key.

Disconnecting a Wi-Fi network:

Select the DISCNCT Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to place the cursor on ‘Disconnect From Network’.
3) Press the ENT Key.

Deleting a saved Wi-Fi network:

1) While viewing the list of saved networks, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
2) Turn either FMS Knob to highlight the network to be deleted.
3) Select the DELETE Softkey. The selected network is removed from the list.

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8.8 MAINTENANCE LOGS

The system provides recording of CAS, CMC, exceedances, and other critical aircraft data that occur while
the aircraft is on the ground or in flight. This information may be used by aircraft maintenance personnel in
determining specific maintenance requirements.

The Maintenance Logs feature is accessible by entering a password. No pilot action is required.
Viewing the Maintenance Logs Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob on the MFD to select the AUX page group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘MAINTENANCE LOG’, as seen in Figure 8-124. The AUX-MAINTENANCE
LOGS Page is now displayed.

Figure 8-124 Maintenance Logs Page

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3) Select the PSWD Key to enter the password, as shown in Figure 8-125.
4) Enter the password.
5) Press the ENT Key to access the page.

Figure 8-125 Maintenance Logs Page

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8.9 SIRIUSXM SATELLITE RADIO ENTERTAINMENT

NOTE: Refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section for information about SiriusXM Weather products.

The optional SiriusXM Satellite Radio entertainment feature of the GDL 69A Data Link Receiver is available for
the pilot’s and passengers’ enjoyment. The GDL 69A can receive SiriusXM Satellite Radio entertainment services
at any altitude throughout the Continental U.S.
SiriusXM Satellite Radio offers a variety of radio programming over long distances without having to constantly
search for new stations. Based on signals from satellites, coverage far exceeds land-based transmissions.
SiriusXM Satellite Radio services are subscription-based. For more information on specific service packages, visit
www.siriusxm.com.

ACTIVATING SIRIUSXM SATELLITE RADIO SERVICES

The service is activated by providing SiriusXM Satellite Radio with either one or two coded IDs, depending on
the equipment. Either the Audio Radio ID or the Data Radio ID, or both, must be provided to SiriusXM Satellite
Radio to activate the entertainment subscription.
It is not required to activate both the entertainment and weather service subscriptions with the GDL 69A.
Either or both services can be activated. SiriusXM Satellite Radio uses one or both of the coded IDs to send an
activation signal that, when received by the GDL 69A, allows it to play entertainment programming.
These IDs are located:
• On the label on the back of the Data Link Receiver
• On the XM Information Page on the MFD (Figure 8-126)
• On the XM Satellite Radio Activation Instructions included with the unit (available at www.garmin.com, P/N
190-00355-04)
Contact the installer if the Data Radio ID and the Audio Radio ID cannot be located.

NOTE: The LOCK Softkey on the XM Information Page (Auxiliary Page Group) is used to save GDL 69A
activation data when the SiriusXM services are initially set up. It is not used during normal SiriusXM
Satellite Radio operation, but there should be no adverse effects if inadvertently selected during flight.
Refer to the GDL 69/69A XM Satellite Radio Activation Instructions (190-00355-04, Rev K or later) for
further information.

Activating the SiriusXM Satellite Radio services:

1) Contact SiriusXM Satellite Radio. Follow the instructions provided by SiriusXM Satellite Radio services.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page Group.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select XM RADIO.
4) Select the INFO Softkey to display the XM Information Page.
5) Verify that the desired services are activated.
6) Select the LOCK Softkey.

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7) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight YES.

8) To complete activation, press the ENT Key.

Data Audio
Radio ID Radio ID

Weather
Products
Window

LOCK Softkey
is Used to Save
RADIO Activation Data
and INFO During Initial
Softkeys Setup
Figure 8-126 XM Information Page

If SiriusXM Weather services have not been activated, the weather product boxes will appear empty on the
XM Information Page and a yellow Activation Required message is displayed in the center of the Weather
Data Link Page (Map Page Group). The Service Class refers to the groupings of weather products available for
subscription.

USING SIRIUSXM SATELLITE RADIO

The XM Radio Page provides information and control of the audio entertainment features of the SiriusXM
Satellite Radio.
Selecting the XM Radio Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select XM RADIO.
3) Select the RADIO Softkey to show the XM Radio Page where audio entertainment is controlled.

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Active
Channels

Channel
List

Categories
Field

Figure 8-127 XM Radio Page

ACTIVE CHANNEL AND CHANNEL LIST

The Active Channel Box on the XM Radio Page displays the currently selected channel that the SiriusXM
Radio is using.
The Channels List Box of the XM Radio Page shows a list of the available channels for the selected category.
Channels can be stepped through one at a time or may be selected directly by channel number.
Selecting a channel from the channel list:
1) While on the XM Radio Page, select the CHNL Softkey.
2) Select the CH + Softkey to go up through the list in the Channel Box, or move down the list with the CH – Softkey.
Or:
1) Press the FMS Knob to highlight the channel list and turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the channels.
2) Press the ENT Key to activate the selected channel.

Selecting a channel directly:

1) While on the XM Radio Page, select the CHNL Softkey.
2) Select the DIR CH Softkey. The channel number in the Active Channel Box is highlighted.
3) Select the numbered softkeys located on the bottom of the display to directly select the desired channel number.
4) Press the ENT Key to activate the selected channel.

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CATEGORY
The Category Box of the XM Radio Page displays the currently selected category of audio. Categories of
channels such as jazz, rock, or news can be selected to list the available channels for a type of music or other
contents. One of the optional categories is PRESETS to view channels that have been programmed.
Selecting a category:
1) Select the CATGRY Softkey on the XM Radio Page.
2) Select the CAT + and CAT - Softkeys to cycle through the categories.
Or:
Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Categories list. Highlight the desired category with the small FMS Knob
and press the ENT Key. Selecting All Categories places all channels in the list.

Figure 8-128 Categories List

PRESETS
Up to 15 channels from any category can be assigned a preset number. The preset channels are selected by
selecting the PRESETS and MORE Softkeys. Then the preset channel can be selected directly and added to
the channel list for the Presets category.

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Setting a preset channel number:

1) On the XM Radio Page, while listening to an Active Channel that is wanted for a preset, select the PRESETS
Softkey to access the first five preset channels (PS1 - PS5).
2) Select the MORE Softkey to access the next five channels (PS6 – PS10), and again to access the last five
channels (PS11 – PS15). Selecting the MORE Softkey repeatedly cycles through the preset channels.
3) Select any one of the (PS1 - PS15) softkeys to assign a number to the active channel.
4) Select the SET Softkey on the desired channel number to save the channel as a preset.

Press PRESETS to
Access the Preset
Channels Softkeys

Press SET to Press MORE to Cycle

Save Each Through the Preset
Preset Channel Channels
Figure 8-129 Accessing and Selecting Preset SiriusXM Channels

Selecting the BACK Softkey, or 45 seconds of softkey inactivity, returns the system to the top level softkeys.

VOLUME
Radio volume is shown as a percentage. Volume level is controlled by selecting the VOL Softkey, which
brings up the MUTE Softkey and the volume increase and decrease softkeys.
Adjusting the volume:
1) With the XM Radio Page displayed, select the VOL Softkey.
2) Select the VOL – Softkey to reduce volume or select the VOL + Softkey to increase volume. (Once the VOL
Softkey is selected, the volume can also be adjusted using the small FMS Knob.)

Figure 8-130 Volume Control

Radio volume may also be adjusted at each passenger station.

Mute SiriusXM audio:
1) Select the XM Radio Page or XM Information Page.
2) Select the MUTE Softkey to mute the audio. Select the MUTE Softkey again to unmute the audio.

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8.10 SCHEDULER
The Scheduler feature can be used to enter and display reminder messages (e.g., Hot Section Inspection or
Phase 1 Maintenance Check) in the Messages Window on the PFD. Messages can be set to display based on a
specific date and time (event), once the message timer reaches zero (one-time; default setting), or recurrently
whenever the message timer reaches zero (periodic). Message timers set to periodic alerting automatically reset
to the original timer value once the message is displayed. When power is cycled, all messages are retained until
deleted, and message timer countdown is resumed.

Figure 8-131 Scheduler (Utility Page)

Entering a scheduler message:

1) Select the AUX - Utility Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the first empty scheduler message naming field.
4) Use the FMS Knob to enter the message text to be displayed in the Messages Window and press the ENT Key.
5) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the field next to Type.
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the message type:
• Event—Message issued at the specified date/time

• One-time—Message issued when the message timer reaches zero (default setting)

• Periodic—Message issued each time the message timer reaches zero

7) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next field.
8) For periodic and one-time message, use the FMS Knob to enter the timer value (HH:MM:SS) from which to
countdown and press the ENT Key.

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9) For event-based messages:

a) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired date (DD-MM-YY) and press the ENT Key.
b) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next field.
c) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired time (HH:MM) and press the ENT Key.
10) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to enter the next message.

Deleting a scheduler message:

1) Select the AUX - Utility Page.
2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the name field of the scheduler message to be deleted.
4) Press the CLR Key to clear the message text. If the CLR Key is pressed again, the message is restored.
5) Press the ENT Key while the message line is cleared to clear the message text.
Scheduler messages appear in the Messages Window on the PFD. When a scheduler message is waiting, the
MSG Softkey label flashes. Selecting the MSG Softkey opens the Messages Window and acknowledges the
scheduler message. Selecting the MSG Softkey again removes the Messages Window from the display, and the
scheduler message is deleted from the message queue.

Figure 8-132 PFD Messages Window

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8.11 ELECTRONIC CHECKLISTS

NOTE: The optional checklists presented here are for example only and may differ from checklists available
for the Phenom 300. The information described in this section is not intended to replace the checklist
information described in the POH.

NOTE: Garmin is not responsible for the content of checklists. Checklists are created by the aircraft
manufacturer. Modifications or updates to the checklists are coordinated through the aircraft manufacturer.
The user cannot edit these checklists.
The optional checklist functions are displayed on two levels of softkeys that are available on any MFD page.
(Optional)
SYSTEM CPDLC MAP DCLTR SHW CHRT CHKLIST

SYSTEM CPDLC CHECK EXIT EMERGCY

The CHECK Softkey label changes to UNCHECK

when the checklist item is already checked.

Figure 8-133 Checklist Softkeys

The MFD is able to display optional electronic checklists which allow the pilot to quickly find the proper
procedure on the ground and during each phase of flight. The system accesses the checklists from an SD card
inserted into the top card slot of the MFD. If the SD card contains an invalid checklist file or no checklist,
the Power-up Page messages display ‘Checklist File: Invalid’ or ‘Checklist File: N/A’ (not available) and the
CHKLIST Softkey is not available.
The following colors are used for checklist items:
• Light Blue - Items not selected or checked • Gray - General notes
• White - Item is selected • Yellow - Caution notes
 • Green - Item has been checked • Red - Warning notes

Accessing and navigating checklists:

1) From any page on the MFD, select the CHKLIST Softkey or turn the large FMS Knob to select the Checklist
Page.
2) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the ‘GROUP’ field.
3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired procedure and press the ENT Key.
4) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the ‘CHECKLIST’ field.
5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired checklist and press the ENT Key. The selected checklist item is
indicated with white text surrounded by a white box.
6) Press the ENT Key or select the CHECK Softkey to check the selected checklist item. The line item turns green
and a checkmark is placed in the associated box. The next line item is automatically selected for checking.
Either FMS Knob can be used to scroll through the checklist and select the desired checklist item.

Press the CLR Key or select the UNCHECK Softkey to remove a check mark from an item.

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7) When all checklist items have been checked, ‘*Checklist Finished*’ is displayed in green text at the bottom left
of the checklist window and ‘GO TO NEXT CHECKLIST?’ is highlighted. If ‘GO TO NEXT CHECKLIST?’ is selected
prior to checking all the checklist items, ‘*CHECKLIST NOT FINISHED*’ will be displayed in yellow text.
8) Press the ENT Key. If ‘GO TO NEXT CHECKLIST?’ is displayed when pressing the ENT Key, the next checklist in
the group will be displayed. If ‘EXIT CHECKLISTS?’ is displayed when pressing the ENT Key, the system will exit
the Checklist Page.
9) Select the EXIT Softkey to exit the Checklist Page and return to the page last viewed. When returning to the
Checklist Page after selecting the EXIT Softkey, the system will return to the last selected checklist item.

Figure 8-134 Sample Checklist

Accessing emergency procedures:

1) From any page on the MFD, select the CHKLIST Softkey or turn the large FMS Knob to select the Checklist
Page.
2) Select the EMERGCY Softkey.
3) Turn the FMS Knob to select the desired emergency checklist and press the ENT Key.

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4) Press the ENT Key or select the CHECK Softkey to check the selected emergency checklist item. The line item
turns green and a checkmark is placed in the box next to it. The next line item is automatically highlighted for
checking.
Either FMS Knob can be used to scroll through the checklist and select the desired checklist item.
Press the CLR Key or select the UNCHECK Softkey to remove a check mark from an item.
5) When all checklist items have been checked, ‘*Checklist Finished*’ is displayed in green text at the bottom left
of the checklist window and ‘GO TO NEXT CHECKLIST?’ is highlighted. If ‘GO TO NEXT CHECKLIST?’ is selected
prior to checking all the checklist items, ‘*CHECKLIST NOT FINISHED*’ will be displayed in yellow text.
6) Press the ENT Key to advance to the next checklist.
7) Select the RETURN Softkey to return to the previous checklist.
8) Select the EXIT Softkey to exit the Checklist Page and return to the page last viewed.

Figure 8-135 Emergency Checklist Page Example

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8.12 POSITION REPORTING

NOTE: An account must be established with Garmin Connext™ to make full use of the Position Reporting
feature.

The Position Reporting feature allows the system to send position reporting information to a provider, such as
FlightAware.com.
The position reports can be activated or deactivated by the pilot. While active, the position reports are
transmitted over the Iridium Short Burst Datalink periodically at a pilot specified interval or by selecting the SEND
RPT Softkey. The minimum automatic transmission period between reports is two minutes with more frequent
transmissions possible via manually sending reports with the SEND RPT Softkey. During voice communications
and data transfers the Iridium datalink is occupied and position reports will not be sent. During this period the
reports will buffer and be sent as a package as soon as the link is available. The position reports are received by
Garmin Connext and forwarded to select flight tracking provider(s).
The following are position reports contents:
• Tail Number
• Time
• Latitude/Longitude
• Ground Speed
• Ground Track
• True Heading
• Barometric Altitude
• True Airspeed
• Outside Air Temperature
• Destination Airport
• Estimated Time Enroute (ETE) to Destination
• Airborne Status
The Airborne Status field is the indication that the aircraft is on the ground or in the air at the time the position
report was generated. The avionics generate a position report when the Airborne Status field changes state.
• Passenger Onboard
Passenger Onboard indicates passengers are on the aircraft at the time the position report was generated. A
position report is generated when the Passenger Onboard field changes state.

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Viewing the Connext Page:

1) Turn the large FMS Knob on the MFD to select the AUX page group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select AUX-CONNEXT Page as seen in Figure 8-136.

Figure 8-136 AUX-CONNEXT Page

Setting up Position Reporting:
1) With the AUX-CONNEXT Page displayed, press the FMS Knob to display the cursor in the TRANSMISSION
PERIOD field as in Figure 8-137.

Figure 8-137 Set Transmission Period

2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘AUTO’ for automatic transmission of position reports or ‘OFF’ to disable
transmission of position reports.
3) Press the ENT Key. The selection is entered and the cursor is placed in the TRANSMISSION RATE field.

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4) Turn the small FMS Knob to highlight the first digit, as shown in Figure 8-138.

Figure 8-138 Set Transmission Rate

5) Again, turn the small FMS Knob to enter the desired number (between 2 and 60 minutes).
6) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the second digit.
7) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the desired number.
8) Press the ENT Key. The selection is entered and the cursor is placed in the PASSENGERS ON BOARD field.
9) Turn the small FMS Knob left or right to select ‘YES’ or ‘NO’, as shown in Figure 8-139.

Figure 8-139 Set Transmission Rate

10) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.

To send a position report manually:

1) Turn the large FMS Knob on the MFD to select the AUX page group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select AUX-CONNEXT Page.
3) If necessary, set the TRANSMISSION PERIOD to ‘AUTO’.
4) Select the SEND RPT Softkey, as seen in Figure 8-136.

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8.13 ABNORMAL OPERATION

SVT TROUBLESHOOTING
SVT is intended to be used with traditional attitude, heading, obstacle, terrain, and traffic inputs. SVT is
disabled when valid attitude or heading data is not available for the display. In case of invalid SVT data, the
PFD display reverts to the standard blue-over-brown attitude display.
SVT becomes disabled without the following data resources:
• Attitude data
• Heading data
• GPS position data
• 9 Arc-second Terrain data
• Obstacle data
• TAWS function is not available, in test mode, or failed
• The position of the aircraft exceeds the range of the terrain database.

REVERSIONARY MODE
SVT can be displayed on the Multifunction Display (MFD) in Reversionary Mode. If it is enabled when switching
to Reversionary Mode, SVT will take up to 30 seconds to be displayed. The standard, non-SVT PFD display will
be shown in the interim.

Figure 8-140 SVT Reversionary Mode

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UNUSUAL ATTITUDES
Unusual attitudes are displayed with red chevrons overlaid on the display indicating the direction to fly to
correct the unusual attitude condition. The display shows either a brown or blue colored bar at the top or
bottom of the screen to represent earth or sky. This is intended to prevent losing sight of the horizon during
extreme pitch attitudes.

Figure 8-141 Unusual Attitude Display

The blue colored bar is also displayed when terrain gradient is great enough to completely fill the display.

Blue Band

Terrain
Completely
Fills Display

Figure 8-142 Blue Sky Bar with Full Display Terrain

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GDL 69A DATA LINK RECEIVER TROUBLESHOOTING

Some quick troubleshooting steps listed below can be performed to find the possible cause of a failure.
• Ensure the owner/operator of the aircraft in which the Data Link Receiver is installed has subscribed to
SiriusXM Satellite Radio
• Ensure the SiriusXM subscription has been activated
• Perform a quick check of the circuit breakers to ensure that power is applied to the Data Link Receiver
• Ensure that nothing is plugged into the Music jack(s) because this would prevent SiriusXM Satellite Radio
from being heard
For troubleshooting purposes, check the LRU Information Box on the AUX - System Status Page for Data Link
Receiver (GDL 69A) status, serial number, and software version number. If a failure has been detected in the
GDL 69A the status is marked with a red X.
Selecting the System Status Page:
1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page Group.
2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the System Status Page (the last page in the AUX Page Group).

Figure 8-143 LRU Information Window on System Status Page

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 ADDITIONAL FEATURES

If a failure still exists, the following messages may provide insight as to the possible problem:

Message Message Location Description

Data Link Receiver antenna error; service
CHECK ANTENNA XM Information Page (MFD)
required
UPDATING XM Information Page (MFD)) Data Link Receiver updating encryption code
XM Information Page Weather Datalink Page Loss of signal; signal strength too low for
NO SIGNAL
(MFD) receiver
LOADING XM Radio Page (MFD) Acquiring channel audio or information
OFF AIR XM Radio Page (MFD) Channel not in service
-------- XM Radio Page (MFD) Missing channel information
No communication from Data Link Receiver
WEATHER DATA LINK FAILED Weather Datalink Page (MFD)
within last 5 minutes
ACTIVATION REQUIRED XM Information Page (MFD) SiriusXM subscription is not activated
DETECTING ACTIVATION Weather Datalink Page (MFD) SiriusXM subscription is activating.
SiriusXM subscription confirmed downloading
WAITING FOR DATA... Weather Datalink Page (MFD)
weather data.
Table 8-7 GDL 69A Data Link Receiver Messages

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Blank Page

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 APPENDIX A

ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS

CREW ALERTING SYSTEM (CAS)

NOTE: Aural alerts associated with abnormal conditions and advisories are managed through the audio
panels. Refer to the Audio Panel and CNS Section for more information.
When Crew Alerting System (CAS) messages are generated, the CAS Window opens to the right of the
Altimeter (on the PFDs). Up to 14 messages can be displayed; when more than 14 messages accumulate, the
CAS Softkey becomes available. Pressing the CAS Softkey displays softkeys for scrolling up and down through
the messages in the CAS Window.
In Reversionary Mode, the CAS Softkey takes the place of the INSET Softkey.

CAS
Window

CAS Scrolling Softkey

(Disabled Until More Softkey Annunciation
Than 14 Messages (Press to Acknowledge
are Displayed) CAS Message)

Figure A-1 CAS Display

CAS MESSAGE PRIORITIZATION

NOTE: Information on CAS messages in this pilot’s guide is always superseded by the AFM.

CAS messages are grouped by criticality (warning, caution, advisory) and sorted by order of appearance
(most recent messages on top). The color of the message is based on its urgency and on required action, and
the MSG Softkey label changes to display the appropriate annunciation when a CAS message is generated.
• Warning (red) – Immediate crew awareness and action required; accompanied by an aural tone (triple
chime every 3 seconds) and flashing ‘WARNING’ softkey annunciation
• Caution (amber) – Immediate crew awareness and possible future corrective action required; accompanied
by an aural tone (single chime every 5 seconds) and flashing ‘CAUTION’ softkey annunciation
• Advisory (white) – Crew awareness required and subsequent action may be required; accompanied by a
flashing ‘ADVISORY’ softkey.

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The softkey annunciation flashes and the corresponding aural alert sounds until acknowledged by
depressing the softkey.

Figure A-2 Softkey Annunciations (MSG Softkey Labels)

A CAS message does not appear more than once at a given time. Warning and caution CAS messages flash
when they are generated, and continue to flash until acknowledged. Advisory CAS messages, flash for 5
seconds or until acknowledged.
Some CAS messages are differentiated as root causes of other failures and should be considered first during
the decision-making process when multiple CAS messages are displayed. These “golden” messages flash until
acknowledged and remain in inverse video after being acknowledged manually.
After the acknowledgment, a message remains displayed at the top of its respective priority group in the
CAS Window until either a newer message of the same priority appears or the condition(s) that caused the
alert to display no longer exist.
CAS messages listed in following tables are shown in the acknowledged state (colored text on black
backgrounds), with Caution and Advisory “golden” CAS messages shown in black text on colored backgrounds
corresponding to their alert levels.

CAS MESSAGES
WARNING MESSAGES
See the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for recommended pilot actions. Accompanied by a triple chime tone
which repeats until acknowledged.

Message Description
BAG SMK Smoke detected in baggage compartment
CAB ALTITUDE HI Cabin altitude pressure altitude high
DOOR EMER OPEN Emergency door open
DOOR PAX OPEN Passenger door open
E1 FIRE Fire in engine 1
E2 FIRE Fire in engine 2
E1 OIL LO PRES Low oil pressure in engine 1
E2 OIL LO PRES Low oil pressure in engine 2
ELEC EMERGENCY Generators offline
ELEC XFR FAIL Generators offline and electrical emergency transfer has failed
LG LEVER DISAG Landing gear position and control lever disagreement
NO TO CONFIG No takeoff configuration

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 APPENDIX A

CAUTION MESSAGES
See the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for recommended pilot actions. Accompanied by a single chime
tone which repeats until acknowledged.

Message Description
ADS 1 FAIL ADS 1 offline or failed
ADS 2 FAIL ADS 2 offline or failed
ADS 1 HTR FAIL Pitot heater 1 offline or heater element failed
ADS 2 HTR FAIL Pitot heater 2 offline or heater element failed
AHRS 1 FAIL AHRS 1 failure
AHRS 2 FAIL AHRS 2 failure
A-I E1 FAIL Anti-ice system failure in engine 1
A-I E2 FAIL Anti-ice system failure in engine 2
A-I LO CAPACITY Not enough thermal energy available for WHSAIS (Wing and Horizontal Stabilizer Anti-ice System) operation
A-I WINGSTB FAIL Component failure (AIV, pressure transducers, AMS Controller, other)
WHSAIS switched ON outside the icing envelope. Or, aircraft is in single bleed configuration and above the
A-I WINGSTB INHB
15,000 ft. icing envelope when WHSAIS is switched on.
A-I WINGSTB LEAK Bleed hot air leakage at WHSAIS pneumatic ducting
AMS CTRL FAIL Pneumatic sources and icing protection are not available
ANTI-SKID FAIL Anti-skid function lost; main brake still available
AP FAIL Loss of AP function
AP PITCH MISTRIM Airplane mistrimmed in pitch axis when AP is engaged
AP ROLL MISTRIM Airplane mistrimmed in roll axis when AP is engaged
AUDIO PNL 1 FAIL Audio panel 1 is offline
AUDIO PNL 2 FAIL Audio panel 2 is offline
AURAL WRN FAIL Aural warning system failure due to non-communicating LRUs
AUTO PTRIM FAIL Auto pitch trim failure; other pitch trim functions still available
BAG SMK FAIL Baggage compartment smoke detector has failed
BATT DISCHARGE Battery discharging under normal operation
BATT 1 OFF BUS Battery 1 offline
BATT 2 OFF BUS Battery 2 offline
BATT EXCEEDANCE Battery 1 voltage or Battery 2 voltage is greater than expected
BLEED 1 FAIL Bleed 1 system not under control.
BLEED 2 FAIL Bleed 2 system not under control.
BLEED 1 LEAK Bleed 1 hot air leakage at some region of the ducting
BLEED 2 LEAK Bleed 2 hot air leakage at some region of the ducting
Pressure in bleed ducting is higher than an acceptable value chosen to not compromise ECS and Anti-ice
BLEED 1 OVERPRES
components integrity
Pressure in bleed ducting is higher than an acceptable value chosen to not compromise ECS and Anti-ice
BLEED 2 OVERPRES
components integrity
BRK FAIL Main brake system lost
CAB DELTA-P FAIL Excessive cabin pressure differential
CLUTCH PIT FAIL Pitch slip clutch maintenance test failed
CLUTCH ROL FAIL Roll slip clutch maintenance test failed
CLUTCH VNTL FAIL Ventral slip clutch maintenance test failed
CLUTCH YAW FAIL Yaw slip clutch maintenance test failed
CONFIG MDL FAIL Master Configuration Module failed or non-communicative
DOORBAG AFT OPEN Crew baggage door open
DOORBAG LH OPEN Forward left-hand baggage door open
DOORBAG RH OPEN Forward right-hand baggage door open

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Message Description
DUCT 1 OVERTEMP Duct 1 temperature over specified safe value
DUCT 2 OVERTEMP Duct 2 temperature over specified safe value
E1 CTRL FAULT Engine 1 responds slowly or not at all to thrust commands
E2 CTRL FAULT Engine 2 responds slowly or not at all to thrust commands
E1 FAIL Uncommanded shutdown detected for engine 1
E2 FAIL Uncommanded shutdown detected for engine 2
E1 FIRE DET FAIL Fire detection system failure in engine 1
E2 FIRE DET FAIL Fire detection system failure in engine 2
E1 FIREX FAIL Fire extinguisher failure in engine 1
E2 FIREX FAIL Fire extinguisher failure in engine 2
E1 FUEL IMP BYP Fuel filter impending bypass condition for engine 1
E2 FUEL IMP BYP Fuel filter impending bypass condition for engine 2
E1 TLA FAIL Thrust Lever Angle failure for engine 1
E2 TLA FAIL Thrust Lever Angle failure for engine 2
E1 TT0 HTR FAIL Heater failure in engine 1
E2 TT0 HTR FAIL Heater failure in engine 2
E1 TT0 PROBE ICE Engine 1 probe frozen
E2 TT0 PROBE ICE Engine 2 probe frozen
EBAY LEAK Leak inside E-Bay
EBAY OVHT Electrical bay over temperature
ECS 1 VALVE FAIL Flow control valve monitor for ECS 1 detected improper valve operation
ECS 2 VALVE FAIL Flow control valve monitor for ECS 2 detected improper valve operation
EMER BRK LO PRES Few emergency brake functions available
EMER LT NOT ARM Emergency lights switch not in ARMED position
ENG NO TO DATA No takeoff data entered
FLAP FAIL Loss of flaps deployment or retraction
FUEL 1 LO LEVEL Low fuel level in tank 1
FUEL 2 LO LEVEL Low fuel level in tank 2
FUEL 1 LO PRES Fuel pressure low in engine 1 feed line
FUEL 2 LO PRES Fuel pressure low in engine 2 feed line
FUEL 1 SOV FAIL Fuel feed SOV 1 closed or unavailable
FUEL 2 SOV FAIL Fuel feed SOV 2 closed or unavailable
FUEL IMBALANCE Fuel is imbalanced between the tanks
FUEL PUMP 1 FAIL Fuel pump 1 failure
FUEL PUMP 2 FAIL Fuel pump 2 failure
FUEL XFEED FAIL Disagreement between valve command and its feedback
GEN 1 OFF BUS Generator 1 offline
GEN 2 OFF BUS Generator 2 offline
GEN OVLD Generator(s) overload
GEN START FAULT Generator start fault
GIA 1 FAIL Failure of GIA 1
GIA 2 FAIL Failure of GIA 2
GIA 1 OVHT GIA 1 over temperature
GIA 2 OVHT GIA 2 over temperature
GND SPLR FAIL Loss of ground spoilers
HYD HI TEMP Hydraulic temperature high
HYD LO PRES Hydraulic pressure low
HYD SOV 1 FAIL EDP 1 Fire Shutoff valve was commanded to close, but failed to close
HYD SOV 2 FAIL EDP 2 Fire Shutoff valve was commanded to close, but failed to close

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 APPENDIX A

Message Description
ICE CONDITION* Aircraft is flying in icing conditions
LG WOW SYS FAIL Landing gear weight-on-wheels system failure
MFD CONFIG MFD configuration error
MFD FAULT Fault with the MFD
MFD OVHT MFD over temperature
OXY LO PRES Oxygen system pressure low
PARK BRK NOT REL Parking brake not released
PAX OXY NO PRES Cabin altitude high and passenger oxygen system pressure low
PFD 1 CONFIG PFD 1 configuration error
PFD 2 CONFIG PFD 2 configuration error
PFD 1 FAULT Fault with PFD 1
PFD 2 FAULT Fault with PFD 2
PFD 1 OVHT PFD 1 over temperature
PFD 2 OVHT PFD 2 over temperature
PRESN AUTO FAIL Pressurization controller failure
PTRIM BKP FAIL Loss of backup pitch trim actuator
PTRIM NML FAIL Loss of normally-operating pitch trim actuator
PUSHER FAIL Stall Warning & Protection System pusher has failed
PUSHER OFF Stall Warning Pusher is off
RUD GUST LOCKED* The rudder is gust locked
RUD OVERBOOST SLRB (Spring Loaded Rudder Booster) uncommanded actuation
STBY HTR FAIL Failure of standby heater
STEEP FAIL* Steep approach mode has failed
SWPS FAIL Stall Warning & Protection System inoperative
SWPS FAULT Stall Warning & Protection System activation angles anticipated to conservative settings
SWPS UNTESTED Stall Warning & Protection System has not been tested
TCAS FAIL* Traffic & Collision Avoidance System failure. TCASII installations only.
WSHLD 1 HTR FAIL Windshield 1 heater failure
WSHLD 2 HTR FAIL Windshield 2 heater failure
XPDR FAIL The active transponder is failed
XPDR IN STBY The active transponder is in standby mode
YD FAIL Loss of yaw damper function
YD MISTRIM Airplane mistrimmed in yaw axis when YD is engaged
* Optional

ADVISORY MESSAGES
See the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for recommended pilot actions.
Message Description
The ADS-B out functionality is not available, because the active transponder is not receiving the GPS position or the
ADS-B NOT AVAIL
active XPDR is failed
A-I E1 FAULT Engine 1 Anti-ice system valve failed when commanded to close
A-I E2 FAULT Engine 2 Anti-ice system valve failed when commanded to close
A-I E1 ON Anti-ice system on in engine 1
A-I E2 ON Anti-ice system on in engine 2
A-I WINGSTB ARM WINGSTAB toggle switch has been armed prior to takeoff or WHSAIS switched ON above 30,000 ft.
A-I WINGSTB ON WHSAIS is operating
ADS 1 SLIP FAIL ADS 1 side-slip compensation is off

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Message Description
ADS 2 SLIP FAIL ADS 2 side-slip compensation is off
ADS HTR SW ON ADS Probe switch is on
AHRS 1 FAULT Fault with AHRS 1
AHRS 2 FAULT Fault with AHRS 2
AMS CTRL FAULT One pneumatic and Anti-ice controller channel is inoperative
ATC DLK FAIL* The CPDLC is inoperative
AUDIO PNL 1 FAULT Fault with audio panel 1
AUDIO PNL 2 FAULT Fault with audio panel 2
AURAL WRN FAULT Partial loss of aural warning function
AVNX FAN FAIL Avionics fan failure
BAG SMK FAULT Two baggage compartment smoke detectors have failed
BLEED 1 OFF Bleed pressure regulator 1 and shut-off valve closed
BLEED 2 OFF Bleed pressure regulator 2 and shut-off valve closed
CLUTCH PIT PASS Pitch slip clutch maintenance test passed
CLUTCH PIT PROG Pitch slip clutch maintenance test in progress
CLUTCH ROL PASS Roll slip clutch maintenance test passed
CLUTCH ROL PROG Roll slip clutch maintenance test in progress
CLUTCH VNTL PASS Ventral slip clutch maintenance test passed
CLUTCH VNTL PROG Ventral slip clutch maintenance test in progress
CLUTCH YAW PASS Yaw slip clutch maintenance test passed
CLUTCH YAW PROG Yaw slip clutch maintenance test in progress
DC BUS 1 OFF DC bus 1 offline
DC BUS 2 OFF DC bus 2 offline
DOOR REFUEL OPEN Refueling door is open
E1 CHIP DETECTED Chip detected by engine 1 oil chip detector
E2 CHIP DETECTED Chip detected by engine 2 oil chip detector
E1 FADEC FAULT FADEC fault in engine 1
E2 FADEC FAULT FADEC fault in engine 2
E1 OIL IMP BYP Engine 1 oil filter impending bypass set
E2 OIL IMP BYP Engine 2 oil filter impending bypass set
ECS 1 OFF Flow control valve monitor detected improper valve operation
ECS 2 OFF Flow control valve monitor detected improper valve operation
ELEC SYS FAULT Electrical system fault
EMER BUS OFF Emergency bus OFF
ENG EXCEEDANCE Limit exceeded in engine(s) during flight
ENG FIREX DISCH Engine fire extinguisher discharge
ENG NO DISPATCH FADEC detected no dispatch fault condition in engine(s)
FLAP NOT AVAIL Flaps not available
FUEL EQUAL Fuel quantity asymmetry corrected; XFEED SOV is open
FUEL 1 FEED FAULT DC pump on due to low fuel pressure
FUEL 2 FEED FAULT DC pump on due to low fuel pressure
FUEL 1 PSW FAIL Fuel pressure switch stuck in “high” position
FUEL 2 PSW FAIL Fuel pressure switch stuck in “high” position
GEA 1 FAIL Failure of GEA 1
GEA 2 FAIL Failure of GEA 2
GEA 3 FAIL Failure of GEA 3
GPU CONNECTED Ground power unit connected to the aircraft
GSD 1 FAIL GSD 1 non-communicative
GSD 2 FAIL GSD 2 non-communicative

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 APPENDIX A

Message Description
HSDB FAULT An LRU has stopped communicating over an HSDB
HSDB SW REV POS HSDB switch in reversionary position
HYD SYS FAULT Degradation of hydraulic system available power
ICE DET FAIL* Ice Detector failure
MFD FAN FAIL Failure of MFD fan
OXY SW NOT AUTO Oxygen system switch in manual mode
PFD 1 FAN FAIL Failure of PFD 1 fan
PFD 2 FAN FAIL Failure of PFD 2 fan
PTRIM LO RATE Pitch trim is being actuated in low rate
PTRIM SW1 FAIL Failure of pilot pitch trim switch
PTRIM SW2 FAIL Failure of copilot pitch trim switch
RALT FAIL* Radar altitude failure
RAM AIR FAIL Ram air valve failure
RUD BOOST FAIL Loss of SLRB (Spring Loaded Rudder Booster) force assistance in case of thrust asymmetry
SHED BUS OFF Shed bus off
SPDBRK SW DISAG Speed brake switch position disagrees with the spoiler surfaces position
Ground Spoiler arm logic failed
Ground Spoiler command disagree
Spoiler position disagree
SPOILER FAULT
Ground Spoiler Control Valve failed
Speed brake command failed
Speed brake command inhibit failed
STEEP NOT AVAIL* Steep approach mode is not available
SWPS ICE SPEED Stall Warning System activation angles anticipated due to icing conditions
VENTRAL RUD FAIL Ventral rudder has failed
XBLEED FAIL Cross bleed valve has failed closed or open
XBLEED SW OFF Cross bleed switch is in the OFF position
XPDR FAULT* The backup transponder is failed
* Optional

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APPENDIX A

COMPARATOR ANNUNCIATIONS
The Comparator monitors critical values generated by redundant sensors. If differences in the sensors
exceed a specified amount, this discrepancy will be annunciated in the Comparator Window as a ‘MISCOMP’
(miscompare) as seen in Figure A-3. Note that operating the system in the vicinity of metal buildings or other
metal structures can cause sensor differences that may result in nuisance miscompare annunciations during
start up, shut down, or while taxiing. If one or both of the sensed values are unavailable, it will be annunciated
as a ‘NO COMP’ (no compare). The following is a list of the possible annunciations:

Comparator
Window

Figure A-3 Sensor Comparator Window

Comparator Window Text Condition

ALT MISCOMP Difference in altitude sensors is > 200 ft.
If both airspeed sensors detect < 35 kts, this is inhibited.
IAS MISCOMP If either airspeed sensor detects > 35 kts, and the difference in sensors is > 15 kts.
If either airspeed sensor detects > 80 kts, and the difference in sensors is > 10 kts.
HDG MISCOMP Difference in heading sensors is > 10º.
PIT MISCOMP Difference in pitch sensors is > 5º.
ROL MISCOMP Difference in roll sensors is > 6º.
VDI MISCOMP Difference in temperature compensated altitudes is > 50 ft.
ALT NO COMP No data from one or both altitude sensors.
IAS NO COMP No data from one or both airspeed sensors.
HDG NO COMP No data from one or both heading sensors.
PIT NO COMP No data from one or both pitch sensors.
ROL NO COMP No data from one or both roll sensors.
VDI NO COMP No temperature compensated altitude data available.

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 APPENDIX A

REVERSIONARY SENSOR ANNUNCIATIONS

Reversionary sensor selection is annunciated in the Reversionary Sensor Window, as shown in Figure A-4.
These annunciations reflect reversionary sensors selected on one or both PFDs. Pressing the SENSOR Softkey
gives access to ADC1, ADC2, ADCSTBY, AHRS1, AHRS2, and ATTSTBY Softkeys. These softkeys allow manual
switching of sensors. In the case of certain types of sensor failures, the system may make some sensor selections
automatically. The GPS sensor cannot be switched manually.

Reversionary
Sensor
Window

Figure A-4 Reversionary Sensor Windows

Reversionary Sensor
Condition
Window Text
BOTH ON ADC1 Both PFDs are displaying data from the #1 Air Data Computer.
BOTH ON ADC2 Both PFDs are displaying data from the #2 Air Data Computer.
BOTH ON ADCSTBY Both PFDs are displaying data from the standby air data input.
BOTH ON AHRS1 Both PFDs are displaying data from the #1 AHRS.
BOTH ON AHRS2 Both PFDs are displaying data from the #2 AHRS.
BOTH ON ATTSTBY Both PFDs are displaying data from the standby attitude and heading reference input.
BOTH ON GPS1 Both PFDs are displaying data from the #1 GPS receiver.
BOTH ON GPS2 Both PFDs are displaying data from the #2 GPS receiver.
USING ADC1 PFD2 is displaying data from the #1 Air Data Computer.
USING ADC2 PFD1 is displaying data from the #2 Air Data Computer.
USING ADCSTBY PFD1 or PFD2 is displaying data from the standby air data input.
USING AHRS1 PFD2 is displaying data from the #1 AHRS.
USING AHRS2 PFD1 is displaying data from the #2 AHRS.
USING ATTSTBY PFD1 or PFD2 is displaying data from the standby attitude and heading reference input.
USING GPS1 PFD2 is displaying data from the #1 GPS.
USING GPS2 PFD1 is displaying data from the #2 GPS.

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APPENDIX A

PRODIGY® SYSTEM ANNUNCIATIONS

When a new message is issued, the MSG Softkey will flash to alert the flight crew of a new message. It
will continue to flash until acknowledged by pressing the softkey. Active messages are displayed in white
text. Messages that have become inactive will change to gray text. The MSG Softkey will flash if the state of
a displayed message changes or a new message is displayed. The inactive messages can be removed from the
Message Window by pressing the flashing MSG Softkey.
Messages are conveyed to the flight crew regarding problems with the system. Typically, a large red “X”
appears in a window when a related LRU fails or detects invalid data.
When an LRU or an LRU function fails, a large red “X” is typically displayed on windows associated with the
failed data. The following section describes various system annunciations. Refer to the AFM for additional
information regarding pilot responses to these annunciations.

NOTE: Upon power-up of the system, certain windows remain invalid as equipment begins to initialize. All
windows should be operational within one minute of power-up. Should any window continue to remain
flagged, the system should be serviced by a Garmin-authorized repair facility.

System
Annunciation
Red ‘X’

Messages Window

Message Softkey
Annunciation
Figure A-5 System Messages

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 APPENDIX A

GIA 63W Integrated GIA 63W Integrated

Avionics Units Avionics Units

Goodrich
Compact
Smartprobes
GEA 71 Engine
Airframe Unit GRS 77 AHRS
Or
GMU 44
Magnetometer
KRA 405B Radar
Altimeter or GIA
63W Integrated
Pressure Controller Avionics Units

GEA 71 Engine
Airframe Unit
GIA 63W Integrated
Avionics Units

Transponder
FADEC Goodrich Compact Or
Smartprobes GIA 63W Integrated
Avionics Units
Figure A-6 System Failure Annunciations

System Annunciation Comment

Attitude and Heading Reference System is aligning.

Display system is not receiving attitude information from the AHRS.

Indicates a configuration module failure.

Display system is not receiving airspeed input from air data computer.

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System Annunciation Comment

Display system is not receiving valid heading input from AHRS.

System is not receiving valid heading input from GMU, but is receiving GPS-derived track
information.

Display system is not receiving altitude input from the air data computer.

Display system is not receiving vertical speed input from the air data computer.

Display system is not receiving valid transponder information.

CDI is not receiving valid data from the corresponding GIA. Does not apply when the CDI is set to GPS.

GPS information is either not present or is invalid for navigation use.

Note that AHRS utilizes GPS inputs during normal operation. AHRS operation may be degraded if
GPS signals are not present (see AFM).

Other Various Red X A red “X” through any other display field (such as engine instrumentation display) indicates that
Indications the field is not receiving valid data.

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 APPENDIX A

PRODIGY® SYSTEM MESSAGE ADVISORIES

NOTE: This Section provides information regarding message advisories that may be displayed by the system.
Knowledge of the aircraft, systems, flight conditions, and other existing operational priorities must be
considered when responding to a message. Always use sound pilot judgment. The Phenom 300 Airplane
Flight Manual (AFM) takes precedence over any conflicting guidance found in this section.
This section describes various system message advisories. Certain messages are issued due to an LRU or an
LRU function failure. Such messages are normally accompanied by a corresponding red “X” annunciation as
shown previously in the Prodigy® System Annunciation section.
Message Comments
ABORT APR – Loss of GPS
Abort approach due to loss of GPS navigation.
navigation. Abort approach.
AHRS MAG DB – AHRS magnetic
The #1 AHRS and #2 AHRS magnetic model database versions do not match.
model database version mismatch.
AHRS1 GPS – AHRS1 not receiving The #1 AHRS is not receiving any or any useful GPS information. Check AFMS limitations.
any GPS information. The system should be serviced.
AHRS1 GPS – AHRS1 not receiving
The #1 AHRS is not receiving backup GPS information. The system should be serviced.
backup GPS information.
AHRS1 GPS – AHRS1 operating
The #1 AHRS is operating exclusively in no-GPS mode. The system should be serviced.
exclusively in no-GPS mode.
AHRS1 GPS – AHRS1 using The #1 AHRS is using the backup GPS path. Primary GPS path has failed. The system
backup GPS source. should be serviced when possible.
AHRS1 SRVC – AHRS1 Magnetic- The #1 AHRS earth magnetic field model is out of date. Update magnetic field model when
field model needs update. practical.
AHRS1 TAS – AHRS1 not receiving The #1 AHRS is not receiving true airspeed from the air data computer. The AHRS relies
airspeed. on GPS information to augment the lack of airspeed. The system should be serviced.
AHRS2 GPS – AHRS2 not receiving The #2 AHRS is not receiving any or any useful GPS information. Check AFMS limitations.
any GPS information. The system should be serviced.
AHRS2 GPS – AHRS2 not receiving
The #2 AHRS is not receiving backup GPS information. The system should be serviced.
backup GPS information.
AHRS2 GPS – AHRS2 operating
The #2 AHRS is operating exclusively in no-GPS mode. The system should be serviced.
exclusively in no-GPS mode.
AHRS2 GPS – AHRS2 using The #2 AHRS is using the backup GPS path. Primary GPS path has failed. The system
backup GPS source. should be serviced when possible.
AHRS2 SRVC – AHRS2 Magnetic- The #2 AHRS earth magnetic field model is out of date. Update magnetic field model when
field model needs update. practical.
AHRS2 TAS – AHRS2 not receiving The #2 AHRS is not receiving true airspeed from the air data computer. The AHRS relies
airspeed. on GPS information to augment the lack of airspeed. The system should be serviced.
APR ADVISORY - SBAS VNAV not
SBAS not available. The system is calculating the VNAV profile using BARO VNAV.
available. Using Baro VNAV.
APR DWNGRADE – Approach
Vertical guidance generated by SBAS is unavailable. Use LNAV only minimums.
downgraded. Use LNAV minima.

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Message Comments
APR DWNGRADE – Baro VNAV.
Vertical guidance generated by SBAS is unavailable. Use Baro LNAV/VNAV minimums
Use LNAV/VNAV minima.
APR INACTV – Approach is not The system notifies the pilot that the loaded approach is not active. Activate approach
active. when required.
ARSPC AHEAD – Airspace ahead Special use airspace is ahead of aircraft. The aircraft will penetrate the airspace within
less than 10 minutes. 10 minutes.
ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near and
Special use airspace is near and ahead of the aircraft position.
ahead.
ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near –
Special use airspace is within 2 nm of the aircraft position.
less than 2 nm.

CHECK CRS – Database course for Selected course for LOC1 differs from published localizer course by more than 10
LOC1 / [LOC ID] is [CRS]°. degrees.
CHECK CRS – Database course for Selected course for LOC2 differs from published localizer course by more than 10
LOC2 / [LOC ID] is [CRS]°. degrees.
CNFG MODULE – PFD1 The PFD1 configuration module backup memory has failed. The system should be
configuration module is inoperative. serviced.
COM1 PTT – COM1 push-to-talk The COM1 external push-to-talk switch is stuck in the enable (or “pressed”) position.
key is stuck. Press the PTT switch again to cycle its operation.
If the problem persists, the system should be serviced.
COM1 RMT XFR – COM1 remote The COM1 transfer switch is stuck in the enabled (or “pressed”) position. Press the
transfer key is stuck. transfer switch again to cycle its operation. If the problem persists, the system should be
serviced.
COM1 SERVICE – COM1 needs The system has detected a failure in COM1. COM1 may still be usable. The system
service. Return unit for repair. should be serviced when possible
COM1 TEMP – COM1 over temp. The system has detected an over temperature condition in COM1. The transmitter is
Reducing transmitter power. operating at reduced power. If the problem persists, the system should be serviced.
COM2 PTT – COM2 push-to-talk The COM2 external push-to-talk switch is stuck in the enable (or “pressed”) position.
key is stuck. Press the PTT switch again to cycle its operation.
If the problem persists, the system should be serviced.
COM2 RMT XFR – COM2 remote The COM2 transfer switch is stuck in the enabled (or “pressed”) position. Press the
transfer key is stuck. transfer switch again to cycle its operation. If the problem persists, the system should be
serviced.
COM2 SERVICE – COM2 needs The system has detected a failure in COM2. COM2 may still be usable. The system
service. Return unit for repair. should be serviced when possible.
COM2 TEMP – COM2 over temp. The system has detected an over temperature condition in COM2. The transmitter is
Reducing transmitter power. operating at reduced power. If the problem persists, the system should be serviced.
CPDLC – CPDLC facility logon
Logon failed. Check pertinent entries for accuracy.
failed.
CPDLC – CPDLC session
The currently active CPDLC session has been terminated.
terminated.

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Message Comments
DATA LOST – Pilot stored data wasThe pilot profile data was lost. System reverts to default pilot profile and settings. The
lost. Recheck settings. pilot may reconfigure the MFD & PFDs with preferred settings, if desired.
DB CHANGE – Database changed. This occurs when a stored flight plan contains procedures that have been manually
Verify user modified procedures. edited. This alert is issued only after an navigation database update. Verify that the
user-modified procedures in stored flight plans are correct and up to date.
DB CHANGE – Database changed. This occurs when a stored flight plan contains an airway that is no longer consistent with
Verify stored airways. the navigation database. This alert is issued only after an navigation database update.
Verify use of airways in stored flight plans and reload airways as needed.
DB MISMATCH – Navigation The PFDs and MFD have different navigation database versions or types (Americas,
database mismatch. Xtalk is off. European, etc.) installed. Crossfill is off. Install correct navigation database version or
type in all displays.
DB MISMATCH – Obstacle The PFDs and MFD have different obstacle database installed. Install correct obstacle
database mismatch. database in all displays.
DB MISMATCH – Standby The PFDs and MFD have different standby navigation database versions or types
Navigation database mismatch. (Americas, European, etc.) installed. Install correct standby navigation database version
or type in all displays.
DB MISMATCH – Terrain database The PFDs and MFD have different terrain database versions or types installed. Install
mismatch. correct terrain database version or type in all displays.

FAILED PATH – A data path has

A data path connected to the GDU, GSD 41, or the GIA 63/W has failed.
failed.
FPL TRUNC – Flight plan has been This occurs when a newly installed navigation database eliminates an obsolete approach
truncated. or arrival used by a stored flight plan. The obsolete procedure is removed from the flight
plan. Update flight plan with current arrival or approach.
FPL WPT LOCK – Flight plan Upon power-up, the system detects that a stored flight plan waypoint is locked. This
waypoint is locked. occurs when an navigation database update eliminates an obsolete waypoint. The flight
plan cannot find the specified waypoint and flags this message. This can also occur with
user waypoints in a flight plan that is deleted.
Remove the waypoint from the flight plan if it no longer exists in any database,
Or
update the waypoint name/identifier to reflect the new information.
FPL WPT MOVE – Flight plan The system has detected that a waypoint coordinate has changed due to a new navigation
waypoint moved. database update. Verify that stored flight plans contain correct waypoint locations.

G/S1 FAIL – G/S1 is inoperative. A failure has been detected in glideslope receiver 1. The system should be serviced.
G/S1 SERVICE – G/S1 needs A failure has been detected in glideslope receiver 1. The receiver may still be available.
service. Return unit for repair. The system should be serviced when possible.
G/S2 FAIL – G/S2 is inoperative. A failure has been detected in glideslope receiver 2. The system should be serviced.
G/S2 SERVICE – G/S2 needs A failure has been detected in glideslope receiver 2. The receiver may still be available.
service. Return unit for repair. The system should be serviced when possible.
GCU CNFG – GCU Config error. GCU 477 configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory.
Config service req’d. The system should be serviced.
GCU FAIL – GCU is inoperative. A failure has been detected in the GCU 477. The GCU 477 is unavailable.

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Message Comments
GCU KEYSTK – GCU [key name] A key is stuck on the GCU 477 bezel. Attempt to free the stuck key by pressing it several
Key is stuck. times. The system should be serviced if the problem persists.
GEA1 CONFIG – GEA1 config The GEA1 configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory.
error. Config service req’d. The system should be serviced.
GEA2 CONFIG – GEA2 config The GEA2 configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory.
error. Config service req’d. The system should be serviced.
GEA3 CONFIG – GEA3 config The GEA3 configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory.
error. Config service req’d. The system should be serviced.
GEO LIMITS – AHRS1 too far
North/South, no magnetic compass. The aircraft is outside geographical limits for approved AHRS operation. Heading is
GEO LIMITS – AHRS2 too far flagged as invalid.
North/South, no magnetic compass.
GDL59 CONFIG – GDL 59 config GDL 59 configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory. The
error. Config service req’d. system should be serviced.
GDL59 FAIL – GDL 59 has failed. A failure has been detected in the GDL 59. The receiver is unavailable. The system
should be serviced.
GDL59 RTR FAIL – The GDL 59
A failure has been detected in the GDL 59 router. The system should be serviced.
router has failed.
GDL59 SERVICE – GDL 59 needs
A failure has been detected in the GDL 59. The system should be serviced.
service. Return unit for repair.
GDL69 CONFIG – GDL 69 config GDL 69 configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory. The
error. Config service req’d. system should be serviced.
GDL69 FAIL – GDL 69 has failed. A failure has been detected in the GDL 69. The receiver is unavailable. The system
should be serviced
GDR AUX MANIFEST – GDR AUX
The GDR secondary processor has incorrect software installed. The system should be
software mismatch, communication
serviced.
halted.
GDR CONFIG – GDR config error. GDR configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory. The
Config service req’d. system should be serviced.
GDR FAIL – GDR is inoperative. A failure has been detected in the GDR. The system should be serviced.
GDR MANIFEST – GDR software
The GDR has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
GDR PTT – GDR push-to-talk key The GDR push-to-talk switch is stuck in the enable (or “pressed”) position. Press the PTT
is stuck. switch again to cycle its operation. If the problem persists, the system should be serviced.
GDR RMT XFR – GDR remote The GDR transfer switch is stuck in the enabled (or “pressed”) position. Press the
transfer key is stuck. transfer switch again to cycle its operation. If the problem persists, the system should be
serviced.
GDR SERVICE – GDR needs service.
The GDR should be serviced when possible.
Return unit for repair.
GDR TEMP – GDR over temp. The system has detected an over temperature condition in the GDR. The transmitter
Reducing transmitter power. operates at reduced power. If the problem persists, the system should be serviced.
GDR TX FAIL – GDR transmitter is
The system should be serviced.
inoperative.

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Message Comments
GIA1 CONFIG – GIA1 audio config
The GIA1 have an error in the audio configuration. The system should be serviced.
error. Config service req’d.
GIA1 CONFIG – GIA1 config error. The GIA1 configuration settings do not match backup configuration memory. The system
Config service req’d. should be serviced.
GIA1 COOLING – GIA1 over
The GIA1 temperature is too high. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.
temperature.
GIA1 COOLING – GIA1 The GIA1 temperature is too low to operate correctly. Allow units to warm up to
temperature too low. operating temperature.
GIA1 SERVICE – GIA1 needs
The GIA1 self-test has detected a problem in the unit. The system should be serviced.
service. Return the unit for repair.
GIA2 CONFIG – GIA2 audio config
The GIA2 have an error in the audio configuration. The system should be serviced.
error. Config service req’d.
GIA2 CONFIG – GIA2 config error. The GIA2 configuration settings do not match backup configuration memory. The system
Config service req’d. should be serviced.
GIA2 COOLING – GIA2 over
The GIA2 temperature is too high. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.
temperature.
GIA2 COOLING – GIA2 The GIA2 temperature is too low to operate correctly. Allow units to warm up to
temperature too low. operating temperature.
GIA2 SERVICE – GIA2 needs
The GIA2 self-test has detected a problem in the unit. The system should be serviced.
service. Return the unit for repair.
GMA1 CONFIG – GMA1 config The audio panel configuration settings do not match backup configuration memory. The
error. Config service req’d. system should be serviced.
GMA1 FAIL – GMA1 is inoperative. The audio panel self-test has detected a failure. The audio panel is unavailable. The
system should be serviced.
GMA1 SERVICE – GMA1 needs The audio panel self-test has detected a problem in the unit. Certain audio functions may
service. Return unit for repair. still be available, and the audio panel may still be usable. The system should be serviced
when possible.
GMA2 CONFIG – GMA2 config The audio panel configuration settings do not match backup configuration memory. The
error. Config service req’d. system should be serviced.
GMA2 FAIL – GMA2 is inoperative. The audio panel self-test has detected a failure. The audio panel is unavailable. The
system should be serviced.
GMA2 SERVICE – GMA2 needs The audio panel self-test has detected a problem in the unit. Certain audio functions may
service. Return unit for repair. still be available, and the audio panel may still be usable. The system should be serviced
when possible.
GMA XTALK – GMA crosstalk error An error has occurred in transferring data between the two GMAs. The system should be
has occurred. serviced.
GMC CONFIG – GMC Config error.
Error in the configuration of the GMC 715.
Config service req’d.
GMC FAIL – GMC is inoperative. A failure has been detected in the GMC 715. The GMC 715 is unavailable.
GMC KEYSTK – GMC [key name] A key is stuck on the GMC 715 bezel. Attempt to free the stuck key by pressing it several
Key is stuck. times. The system should be serviced if the problem persists.
GPS NAV LOST – Loss of GPS
Loss of GPS navigation due to GPS failure.
navigation. GPS fail.

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Message Comments
GPS NAV LOST – Loss of GPS
Loss of GPS navigation due to insufficient satellites.
navigation. Insufficient satellites.
GPS NAV LOST – Loss of GPS
Loss of GPS navigation due to position error.
navigation. Position error.
GPS1 SERVICE – GPS1 needs
service. Return unit for repair. A failure has been detected in the GPS1 and/or GPS2 receiver. The receiver may still be
GPS2 SERVICE – GPS2 needs available. The system should be serviced.
service. Return unit for repair.
GSD1 CONFIG – GSD1 config
GSD1 and the CDU have different copies of the GSD1 configuration.
error. Config service req’d.
GSD1 COOLING – GSD1 over
GSD1 is reporting an over-temperature condition.
temperature.
GSD1 COOLING – GSD1
GSD1 is reporting a low temperature condition.
temperature too low.
GSD1 SERVICE – GSD1 needs
GSD1 is reporting an internal error condition. The GSD may still be usable.
service. Return unit for repair.
GSD2 CONFIG – GSD2 config
GSD2 and the CDU have different copies of the GSD2 configuration.
error. Config service req’d.
GSD2 COOLING – GSD2 over
GSD2 is reporting an over-temperature condition.
temperature.
GSD2 COOLING – GSD2
GSD2 is reporting a low temperature condition.
temperature too low.
GSD2 SERVICE – GSD2 needs
GSD2 is reporting an internal error condition. The GSD may still be usable.
service. Return unit for repair.
GSR1 FAIL – GSR1 has failed. A failure has been detected in the #1 GSR 56. The system should be serviced.
GSR2 FAIL – GSR2 has failed. A failure has been detected in the #2 GSR 56. The system should be serviced.
GWX CONFIG – GWX config error. GWX 68/GWX70 configuration settings do not match those of the GDU configuration.
Config service req’d. The system should be serviced.
GWX FAIL – GWX is inoperative. The GDU is not receiving status packet from the GWX 68/GWX70, or the GWX 68/
GWX70 is reporting a fault. The GWX 68/GWX70 radar system should be serviced.
GWX SERVICE – GWX needs A failure has been detected in the GWX 68/GWX70. The GWX 68/GWX70 may still be
service. Return unit for repair. usable.

HDG FAULT – AHRS1 A fault has occurred in the #1 GMU 44. Heading is flagged as invalid. The AHRS uses
magnetometer fault has occurred. GPS for backup mode operation. The system should be serviced.
HDG FAULT – AHRS2 A fault has occurred in the #2 GMU 44. Heading is flagged as invalid. The AHRS uses
magnetometer fault has occurred. GPS for backup mode operation. The system should be serviced.
HW MISMATCH – GIA hardware
mismatch. GIA1 communication
halted.
A GIA mismatch has been detected, where only one is SBAS capable.
HW MISMATCH – GIA hardware
mismatch. GIA2 communication
halted.

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Message Comments
INSIDE ARSPC – Inside airspace. The aircraft is inside the airspace.
INVALID ADM – Invalid ADM: ATN Data link avionics were not configured correctly and therefore will not be able to
communication halted. communicate with the ground network.

LOCKED FPL – Cannot navigate This occurs when the pilot attempts to activate a stored flight plan that contains locked
locked flight plan. waypoint. Remove locked waypoint from flight plan. Update flight plan with current
waypoint.
LOI – GPS integrity lost.
GPS integrity is insufficient for the current phase of flight.
Crosscheck with other NAVS.

MANIFEST – GCU software

The GCU 477 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GDL software
The GDL 59 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GDL software The GDL 69 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GEA1 software
The #1 GEA 71 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GEA2 software
The #2 GEA 71 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GEA3 software
The #3 GEA 71 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GFC software
Incorrect servo software is installed, or gain settings are incorrect.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GIA1 software
mismatch, communication halted.
The GIA1 and/or GIA 2 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
MANIFEST – GIA2 software
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GMA1 software
mismatch, communication halted.
The audio panel has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
MANIFEST – GMA2 software
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GMC software
The GMC 715 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch. Communication halted.
MANIFEST – GMU1 software
mismatch, communication halted.
The GMU 44 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
MANIFEST – GMU2 software
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GRS1 software
The #1 AHRS has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GRS2 software
The #2 AHRS has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.

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Message Comments
MANIFEST – GSD1 software
GSD1 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch. Communication halted.
MANIFEST – GSD2 software
GSD2 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch. Communication halted.
MANIFEST – GTX1 software
The transponder has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GTX2 software
The transponder has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – GWX software
The GWX 68/GWX70 has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – MFD1 software
The MFD has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
mismatch, communication halted.
MANIFEST – PFD1 software
mismatch, communication halted.
The PFD has incorrect software installed. The system should be serviced.
MANIFEST – PFD2 software
mismatch, communication halted.
MFD1 COOLING – MFD1 has poor The MFD is overheating and is reducing power consumption by dimming the display. If
cooling. Reducing power usage. problem persists, the system should be serviced.
MFD1 CONFIG – MFD1 config The MFD configuration settings do not match backup configuration memory. The system
error. Config service req’d. should be serviced.
MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 Airport The MFD detected a failure in the Airport Directory database. Ensure that the data card is
Directory database error exists. properly inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.
MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 basemap
The MFD detected a failure in the basemap database.
database error exists.
MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 basemap
database is incompatible. The MFD detected a that the basemap database is incompatible.

MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 Chartview The MFD detected a failure in the ChartView database (optional feature). Ensure the data
database error exists. card is properly inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, system should be serviced.
MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 FliteCharts The MFD detected a failure in the FliteCharts database (optional feature). Ensure the data
database error exists. card is properly inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, system should be serviced.
MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 navigation The MFD detected a failure in the navigation database. Attempt to reload the navigation
database error exists. database. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.
MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 obstacle The MFD detected a failure in the obstacle database. Ensure that the data card is
database error exists. properly inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.
MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 obstacle
The obstacle database is present on another LRU, but is missing on the specified LRU.
database missing.
MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 Safe Taxi The MFD detected a failure in the SafeTaxi database. Ensure that the data card is
database error exists. properly inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.
MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 terrain The MFD detected a failure in the terrain database. Ensure that the terrain card is
database error exists. properly inserted in display. Replace terrain card. If problem persists, the system should
be serviced.

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Message Comments
MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 terrain
The terrain database is present on another LRU, but is missing on the specified LRU.
database missing.
MFD1 KEYSTK – MFD [key name] A key is stuck on the MFD bezel. Attempt to free the stuck key by pressing it several
Key is stuck times. The system should be serviced if the problem persists
MFD1 SERVICE – MFD1 needs
The MFD self-test has detected a problem. The system should be serviced.
service. Return unit for repair.
MFD1 VOLTAGE – MFD1 has low
The MFD voltage is low. The system should be serviced.
voltage. Reducing power usage

NAV DB UPDATED – Active System has updated the active navigation database from the standby navigation
navigation database updated. database.
NAV1 RMT XFR – NAV1 remote A failure has been detected in the NAV1 receiver. The receiver may still be available. The
transfer key is stuck. system should be serviced.
NAV1 SERVICE – NAV1 needs A failure has been detected in the NAV1 receiver. The receiver may still be available. The
service. Return unit for repair. system should be serviced.
NAV2 RMT XFR – NAV2 remote The remote NAV2 transfer switch is stuck in the enabled (or “pressed”) state. Press the
transfer key is stuck. transfer switch again to cycle its operation. If the problem persists, the system should be
serviced.
NAV2 SERVICE – NAV2 needs A failure has been detected in the NAV2 receiver. The receiver may still be available. The
service. Return unit for repair. system should be serviced.
NON-MAG UNITS– Non-magnetic Navigation angle is not set to MAGNETIC at power-up.
NAV ANGLE display units are
active.
NON WGS84 WPT – Do not use The position of the selected waypoint [xxxx] is not calculated based on the WGS84
GPS navigation to [xxxx]. map reference datum and may be positioned in error as displayed. Do not use GPS to
navigate to the selected non-WGS84 waypoint.

PFD1 CONFIG – PFD1 config error. The PFD configuration settings do not match backup configuration memory. The system
Config service req’d. should be serviced.
PFD1 COOLING – PFD1 has poor The PFD is overheating and is reducing power consumption by dimming the display. If
cooling. Reducing power usage. problem persists, the system should be serviced.
PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 basemap
The PFD detected a failure in the basemap database.
database error exists.
PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 basemap
The PFD detected a that the basemap database is incompatible.
database is incompatible.
PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 navigation The PFD detected a failure in the navigation database. Attempt to reload the navigation
database error exists. database. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.
PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 obstacle The PFD detected a failure in the obstacle database. Ensure that the data card is properly
database error exists. inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.
PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 obstacle
The obstacle database is present on another LRU, but is missing on the specified LRU.
database missing.
PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 Safe Taxi The PFD detected a failure in the SafeTaxi database. Ensure that the data card is properly
database error exists. inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.

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Message Comments
PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 terrain The PFD detected a failure in the terrain database. Ensure that the terrain card is
database error exists. properly inserted in display. Replace terrain card. If problem persists, the system should
be serviced.
PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 terrain
The terrain database is present on another LRU, but is missing on the specified LRU.
database missing.
PFD1 KEYSTK – PFD1 [key name] A key is stuck on the PFD . Attempt to free the stuck key by pressing it several times. The
Key is stuck. system should be serviced if the problem persists.
[PFD1, PFD2, or MFD1] CARD
The SD card was removed from the top card slot of the specified PFD or MFD. The SD
1 REM – Card 1 was removed.
card needs to be reinserted.
Reinsert card.
[PFD1, PFD2, or MFD1] CARD
The SD card was removed from the bottom card slot of the specified PFD or MFD. The SD
2 REM – Card 2 was removed.
card needs to be reinserted.
Reinsert card.
[PFD1, PFD2, or MFD1] CARD 1
The SD card in the top card slot of the specified PFD or MFD contains invalid data.
ERR – Card 1 is invalid.
[PFD1, PFD2, or MFD1] CARD 2
The SD card in the bottom card slot of the specified PFD or MFD contains invalid data.
ERR – Card 2 is invalid.
PFD1 SERVICE – PFD1 needs
The PFD self-test has detected a problem. The system should be serviced.
service. Return unit for repair.
PFD1 VOLTAGE – PFD1 has low
The PFD1 voltage is low. The system should be serviced.
voltage. Reducing power usage
PFD2 CONFIG – PFD2 config error. The PFD configuration settings do not match backup configuration memory. The system
Config service req’d. should be serviced.
PFD2 COOLING – PFD2 has poor The PFD is overheating and is reducing power consumption by dimming the display. If
cooling. Reducing power usage. problem persists, the system should be serviced.
PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 basemap
The PFD detected a failure in the basemap database.
database error exists.
PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 basemap
The PFD detected a that the basemap database is incompatible.
database is incompatible.
PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 navigation The PFD detected a failure in the navigation database. Attempt to reload the navigation
database error exists. database. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.
PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 obstacle The PFD detected a failure in the obstacle database. Ensure that the data card is properly
database error exists. inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.
PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 obstacle
The obstacle database is present on another LRU, but is missing on the specified LRU.
database missing.
PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 Safe Taxi The PFD detected a failure in the SafeTaxi database. Ensure that the data card is properly
database error exists. inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, the system should be serviced.
PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 terrain The PFD detected a failure in the terrain database. Ensure that the terrain card is
database error exists. properly inserted in display. Replace terrain card. If problem persists, the system should
be serviced.
PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 terrain
The terrain database is present on another LRU, but is missing on the specified LRU.
database missing.

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Message Comments
PFD2 KEYSTK – PFD2 [key name] A key is stuck on the PFD . Attempt to free the stuck key by pressing it several times. The
Key is stuck. system should be serviced if the problem persists.
PFD2 SERVICE – PFD2 needs
The PFD self-test has detected a problem. The system should be serviced.
service. Return unit for repair.
PFD2 VOLTAGE – PFD2 has low
The PFD2 voltage is low. The system should be serviced.
voltage. Reducing power usage

REGISTER CONNEXT – Data

The GDL 59 is not registered with Garmin Connext, or its current registration data has
services are inoperative, register w/
failed authentication.
Connext.

SCHEDULER [#] – <message>. Message criteria entered by the user.

SLCT FREQ – Select appropriate The system notifies the pilot to load the approach frequency for the appropriate NAV
frequency for approach. receiver. Select the correct frequency for the approach.
SLCT NAV – Select NAV on CDI for The system notifies the pilot to set the CDI to the correct NAV receiver. Set the CDI to the
approach. correct NAV receiver.
STEEP TURN – Steep turn ahead. A steep turn is 15 seconds ahead. Prepare to turn.
SVT – SVT DISABLED: Out of Synthetic Vision is disabled because the aircraft is not within the boundaries of the
available terrain region. installed terrain database.
SVT – SVT DISABLED: Terrain DB Synthetic Vision is disabled because a terrain database of sufficient resolution (9 arc-
resolution too low. second or better) is not currently installed.
SW MISMATCH – GDU software The MFD and PFDs have different software versions installed. The system should be
version mismatch. Xtalk is off. serviced.

TCAS FAIL - TCAS system is

The TCAS or TAS system is not operational.
inoperative.
TERRAIN DSP – [PFD1, PFD2 or
One of the terrain or obstacle databases required for TAWS in the specified PFD or MFD is
MFD1] Terrain awareness display
missing or invalid.
unavailable.
TIMER EXPIRD – Timer has
The system notifies the pilot that the timer has expired.
expired.
TRAFFIC FAIL – Traffic device has The system is no longer receiving data from the traffic system. The traffic device should
failed. be serviced.

UNABLE V WPT – Can’t reach The current vertical waypoint can not be reached within the maximum flight path angle and
current vertical waypoint. vertical speed constraints. The system automatically transitions to the next vertical waypoint.

VNV – Unavailable. Excessive

The current crosstrack exceeds the limit, causing vertical deviation to go invalid.
crosstrack error.

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APPENDIX A

Message Comments
VNV – Unavailable. Excessive The current track angle error exceeds the limit, causing the vertical deviation to go
track angle error. invalid.
VNV – Unavailable. Parallel course
A parallel course has been selected, causing the vertical deviation to go invalid.
selected.
VNV – Unavailable. Unsupported The lateral flight plan contains a procedure turn, vector, or other unsupported leg type
leg type in flight plan. prior to the active vertical waypoint. This prevents vertical guidance to the active vertical
waypoint.

WPT ARRIVAL – Arriving at

Arriving at waypoint [xxxx], where [xxxx] is the waypoint name.
waypoint -[xxxx]
WX ALERT – Possible severe Possible severe weather detected within +/- 10 degrees of the aircraft heading at a range
weather ahead. of 80 to 320 nm.

XPDR1 CONFIG – XPDR1 config The transponder configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration
error. Config service req’d. memory. The system should be serviced.
XPDR1 FAIL – XPDR1 is
There is no communication with the #1 transponder.
inoperative.
XPDR1 SRVC – XPDR1 needs
The #1 transponder should be serviced when possible.
service. Return unit for repair.
XPDR2 CONFIG – XPDR2 config The transponder configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration
error. Config service req’d. memory. The system should be serviced.
XPDR2 FAIL – XPDR2 is
There is no communication with the #2 transponder.
inoperative.
XPDR2 SRVC – XPDR2 needs
The #2 transponder should be serviced when possible.
service. Return unit for repair.
XTALK ERROR – A flight display The MFD and PFDs are not communicating with each other. The system should be
crosstalk error has occurred. serviced.

684 Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 APPENDIX A

TAWS-A ALERTS
PFD/MFD
MFD Map Page
Alert Type TAWS-A Page Aural Message
Pop-Up Alert
Annunciation
Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Warning “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up”
(RTC)
Imminent Terrain Impact Warning (ITI) “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up”
Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance Warning “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”
(ROC)
Imminent Obstacle Impact Warning (IOI) “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”
Excessive Descent Rate Warning (EDR) “<whoop><whoop> Pull Up”
Excessive Closure Rate Warning (ECR) “<whoop><whoop> Pull Up”
Reduced Required Terrain Caution “Caution, Terrain; Caution, Terrain”
(RTC)
Imminent Terrain Impact Caution (ITI) “Caution, Terrain; Caution, Terrain”
Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance Caution “Caution, Obstacle; Caution, Obstacle”
(ROC)
Imminent Obstacle Impact Caution (IOI) “Caution, Obstacle; Caution, Obstacle”

Premature Descent Alert Caution (PDA) “Too Low, Terrain”

Excessive Descent Rate Caution (EDR) “Sink Rate”
Excessive Closure Rate Caution (ECR) “Terrain, Terrain”
Negative Climb Rate Caution (NCR) “Don’t Sink”
Flight Into Terrain High Speed Caution (FIT) “Too Low, Terrain”
Flight Into Terrain Gear Caution (FIT) “Too Low, Gear”
Flight Into Terrain Flaps Caution (FIT) “Too Low, Flaps”
Flight Into Terrain Takeoff Caution (FIT) “Too Low, Terrain”
Glide Slope/Glide Path Deviation Caution (GSD) “Glide Slope”
(depends on approach type) or or or
“Glide Path”

Altitude Voice Callout (VCO) None None “Five-Hundred”

“Four-Hundred”
“Three-Hundred”
“Two-Hundred”
“One-Hundred”

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APPENDIX A

TAWS-A ALERT AVAILABILITY

TAWS
PFD/MFD Alert
TAWS-A Page Center Banner
Alert Type TAWS-A Page Voice Alert Types
Annunciation
Annunciation Not
Available

TAWS System Test Fail; Terrain or

Obstacle database unavailable
“TAWS System
or invalid on all GDUs; software † TAWS FAIL FLTA, PDA
Failure”
mismatch among GDUs; TAWS
audio fault
MFD Terrain or Obstacle database
unavailable or invalid. TAWS
None TERRAIN DATABASE FAILURE None
operating with PFD Terrain or
Obstacle databases
No GPS position “TAWS Not FLTA, PDA,
NO GPS POSITION Available” GSD*
VCO †
Excessively degraded GPS signal, or None “TAWS Not FLTA, PDA
out of database coverage area Available”
Sufficient GPS signal reception None None “TAWS Available”
restored (voice alert only in
flight)
Radar Altimeter invalid, Vertical † None “GPWS System EDR, ECR,
Speed Invalid, GPS and Baro Failure” NCR, FIT,
Altitude invalid, Software mismatch GSD
among GDUs, TAWS configuration
mismatch among GDUs, TAWS
audio fault
* GSD alert will be available if a valid ILS is being used for navigation, even if no valid GPS signal is being received.
† VCO alerts are not issued if both TAWS and GPWS systems have failed or are not available.

* GSD alert will be available if a valid ILS is being used for navigation, even if no valid GPS signal is being received.
** VCO alerts are not issued if both TAWS and GPWS systems have failed or are not available.
# Only the portions of FIT Alerting based on flap position are disabled when FLAP OVR annunciation is displayed.

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 APPENDIX A

TAWS-B ALERTS
Annunciations appear on the PFD and MFD. Pop-up alerts appear only on the MFD.
PFD/MFD
MFD Map Page
Alert Type TAWS Page Aural Message
Pop-Up Alert
Annunciation
Excessive Descent Rate Warning (EDR) “Pull Up”
Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Warning “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up”
(RTC)
Imminent Terrain Impact Warning (ITI) “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up”
Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance Warning “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”
(ROC)
Imminent Obstacle Impact Warning (IOI) “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”
Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Caution “Caution, Terrain; Caution, Terrain”
(RTC)
Imminent Terrain Impact Caution (ITI) “Caution, Terrain; Caution, Terrain”
Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance Caution “Caution, Obstacle; Caution, Obstacle”
(ROC)
Imminent Obstacle Impact Caution (IOI) “Caution, Obstacle; Caution, Obstacle”

Premature Descent Alert Caution (PDA) “Too Low, Terrain”

Altitude Callout “500” None None “Five-Hundred”
Excessive Descent Rate Caution (EDR) “Sink Rate”
Negative Climb Rate Caution (NCR) “Don’t Sink”

TAWS-B SYSTEM STATUS ANNUNCIATIONS

PFD/MFD Alert
Alert Type TAWS-B Page Annunciation Aural Message
Annunciation
System Test in Progress TAWS TEST None
System Test Pass None None “TAWS System Test OK”
TAWS Alerting is disabled None None
MFD Terrain or Obstacle database
unavailable or invalid. TAWS operating None TERRAIN DATABASE FAILURE None
with PFD Terrain or Obstacle databases
TAWS-B System Test Fail, Terrain or
Obstacle database unavailable or invalid,
TAWS FAIL “TAWS System Failure”
invalid software configuration, system
audio fault
No GPS position NO GPS POSITION “TAWS Not Available”
Excessively degraded GPS signal, Out of
None “TAWS Not Available”
database coverage area
Sufficient GPS signal received after loss None None “TAWS Available”

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APPENDIX A

TCAS II ALERTS AND ANNUNCIATIONS

PFD Mode MFD Traffic Map Page Mode Traffic Display Status Icon
Mode
Annunciation Annunciation (Other Maps)
TEST
TCAS II Self-test Initiated
None (‘TEST MODE’ also shown in white on
(TEST)
top center of page)
Traffic Advisory and
None TA/RA
Resolution Advisory (TA/RA)
Traffic Advisory Only (TA
TA ONLY
ONLY)
STANDBY
TCAS II Standby
(also shown in white in center of page
(TFC STBY)
* when aircraft on ground, amber in air)

TCAS II Failed FAIL

* Annunciation appears white when aircraft is on the ground and amber while in the air.

TCAS II Modes

Traffic Map Page

Description
Annunciation
NO DATA Data is not being received from the TCAS II unit
DATA FAILED Data is being received from the TCAS II unit, but the unit is self-reporting a failure
FAILED Incorrect data format received from the TCAS II unit

TCAS II Failure Annunciations

Traffic Status Banner

Description
Annunciation
A Resolution Advisory is outside the selected display range*. Annunciation is removed when traffic
RA OFF SCALE
comes within the selected display range
A Traffic Advisory is outside the selected display range*.
TA OFF SCALE
Annunciation is removed when traffic comes within the selected display range.
System cannot determine bearing of Resolution Advisory**.
RA X.X ± XX ↕ Annunciation indicates distance in nm, altitude separation in hundreds of feet, and altitude trend
arrow (climbing/descending).
System cannot determine bearing of Traffic Advisory**.
TA X.X ± XX ↕ Annunciation indicates distance in nm, altitude separation in hundreds of feet, and altitude trend
arrow (climbing/descending).
TRFC FAIL TCAS II unit has failed (unit is self-reporting a failure or sending incorrectly formatted data)
NO TCAS DATA Data is not being received from the TCAS II unit
*Shown as symbol on Traffic Map Page
**Shown in center of Traffic Map Page
TCAS II Traffic Status Annunciations

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 APPENDIX A

CPDLC ATC ALERT

The following PFD alert informs the flight crew of a received CPDLC message from ATC. When the message
is received, the alert flashes five times, then stays illuminated until the required action is accomplished.

Figure A-7 CPDLC Alert on the PFD

OTHER PRODIGY® AURAL ALERTS

Message Priority Description
Warning – Autopilot is disengaged
“Autopilot” Single alert for manual AP disengagement
Continuous alert for automatic AP disengagement; cancelled with AP DISC Switch
“Cabin” High cabin altitude
“Fire, Fire” Engine fire
“High Speed” Warning Maximum operating speed exceeded
“Landing Gear” Gear up in landing condition
“No Takeoff Brake” No Takeoff Configuration due to brake status
“No Takeoff Flaps” No Takeoff Configuration due to flap status
“No Takeoff Spoilers” No Takeoff Configuration due to spoiler status
“No Takeoff Trim” No Takeoff Configuration due to trim status
“Stall, Stall” Airplane in stall condition
“Traffic” Caution The Traffic Information Service (TIS) has issued a Traffic Advisory alert.
“Altitude” Aircraft has deviated ±200 feet of the selected altitude
“Message ATC” New Data Link message received from ATC
“Minimums, minimums” The aircraft has descended below the preset barometric minimum descent altitude.
“Rudder Overboost” SLRB (Spring Loaded Rudder Booster) uncommanded actuation
Advisory
“TIS not available” The aircraft is outside the Traffic Information Service (TIS) coverage area.
“Trim Trim Trim” Trim switch malfunction
The aircraft is one minute from Top of Descent. Issued only when vertical navigation is
“Vertical track”
enabled.
“Aural Warning OK” Aural warning system test passes
“Aural Warning One Channel” Aural warning system test detects failure in one channel
“Flight Director” Flight director has reverted to pitch or roll default mode
“Incoming Call” Status Satellite telephone is receiving a call
“SelCal” Incoming communication through the HF radio
“Takeoff OK” Takeoff configuration test passed
“Timer Expired” Countdown timer on the PFD has reached zero

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APPENDIX A

FLIGHT PLAN IMPORT/EXPORT MESSAGES

In some circumstances, some messages may appear in conjunction with others.
Flight Plan Import/Export Results Description
‘Flight plan successfully imported.’ A flight plan file stored on the SD card was successfully imported as a stored flight plan.
‘File contained user waypoints only. User The file stored on the SD card did not contain a flight plan, only user waypoints. These
waypoints imported successfully. No stored waypoints have been saved to the system user waypoints. No flight plans stored in the
flight plan data was modified.’ system have been modified.
‘No flight plan files found to import.’ The SD card contains no flight plan data.
‘Flight plan import failed.’ Flight plan data was not successfully imported from the SD card.
‘Flight plan partially imported.’ Some flight plan waypoints were successfully imported from the SD card, however others
had errors and were not imported. A partial stored flight plan now exists in the system.
‘File contained user waypoints only.’ The file stored on the SD card did not contain a flight plan, only user waypoints. One or
more of these waypoints did not import successfully.
‘Too many points. Flight plan truncated.’ The flight plan on the SD card contains more waypoints than the system can support. The
flight plan was imported with as many waypoints as possible.
‘Some waypoints not loaded. Waypoints The flight plan on the SD card contains one or more waypoints that the system cannot find
locked.’ in the navigation database. The flight plan has been imported, but must be edited within
the system before it can be activated for use.
‘User waypoint database full. Not all loaded.’ The flight plan file on the SD card contains user waypoints. The quantity of stored user
waypoints has exceeded system capacity, therefore not all the user waypoints on the SD
card have been imported. Any flight plan user waypoints that were not imported are
locked in the flight plan. The flight plan must be edited within the system before it can be
activated for use.
‘One or more user waypoints renamed.’ One or more imported user waypoints were renamed when imported due to naming
conflicts with waypoints already existing in the system.
‘Flight plan successfully exported.’ The stored flight plan was successfully exported to the SD card.
‘Flight plan export failed.’ The stored flight plan was not successfully exported to the SD card. The SD card may not
have sufficient available memory or the card may have been removed prematurely.

PILOT PROFILE IMPORT/EXPORT MESSAGES

The following messages may be displayed when importing and exporting Pilot Profiles.
Pilot Profile Import/Export Results Description
‘No pilot profile plan files found to import.’ Displayed if the SD card does not have one or more valid pilot profile filenames.
‘Overwrite existing profile?’ Displayed if the profile name matches the name of existing profile.
‘Profile name invalid. Enter a different Displayed if the profile name is invalid.
profile name.’
‘All available pilot profiles in use. Delete a Displayed if the maximum number for pilot profiles has been reached.
profile before importing another.’
‘Pilot profile import failed.’ Displayed if the importing operation fails for any other reason.
‘Pilot profile import succeeded.’ Displayed if the importing operation succeeds.
‘Overwrite existing file?’ Displayed if the filename matches the name of an existing file on the SD card.
‘Pilot profile export failed.’ Displayed if the export operation fails.
‘Pilot profile export succeeded.’ Displayed if the export operation succeeds.

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 APPENDIX A

GDL 69 DATA LINK RECEIVER MESSAGES

Message Message Location Description

Data Link Receiver antenna error; service
CHECK ANTENNA XM Information Page (MFD)
required
UPDATING XM Information Page (MFD)) Data Link Receiver updating encryption code
XM Information Page Weather Datalink Page Loss of signal; signal strength too low for
NO SIGNAL
(MFD) receiver
LOADING XM Radio Page (MFD) Acquiring channel audio or information
OFF AIR XM Radio Page (MFD) Channel not in service
-------- XM Radio Page (MFD) Missing channel information
No communication from Data Link Receiver
WEATHER DATA LINK FAILED Weather Datalink Page (MFD)
within last 5 minutes
ACTIVATION REQUIRED XM Information Page (MFD) SiriusXM subscription is not activated
DETECTING ACTIVATION Weather Datalink Page (MFD) SiriusXM subscription is activating.
SiriusXM subscription confirmed downloading
WAITING FOR DATA... Weather Datalink Page (MFD)
weather data.

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 APPENDIX B

DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Database information is obtained from third party sources. Inaccuracies in the data may be discovered from
time to time. Garmin communicates this information by issuing a Database Alert. These notifications are available
on http://fly.garmin.com.
Garmin requests the flight crew report any observed discrepancies related to database information. These
discrepancies could come in the form of an incorrect procedure; incorrectly identified terrain, obstacles and fixes;
or any other displayed item used for navigation or communication in the air or on the ground. Go to http://fly.
garmin.com and select “Aviation Data Error Report”.

CAUTION: Never disconnect power to the system when loading a database. Power interruption during the
database loading process could result in maintenance being required to reboot the system.

The system uses Secure Digital (SD) cards to load and store various types of data. For basic flight operations, SD
cards are required for database storage as well as Jeppesen navigation and ChartView database updates. Not all SD
cards are compatible with the Prodigy® system. Use only SD cards supplied by Garmin or the aircraft manufacturer.

CAUTION: When downloading updates to the Jeppesen Navigation Database, copy the data to an SD card
other than a Garmin Supplemental Data Card. Otherwise, data corruption can occur.

NOTE: When loading database updates, the ‘DB Mismatch’ message will be displayed until database
synchronization is complete, followed by turning system power off, then on. Synchronization can be
monitored on the AUX-SYSTEM STATUS Page.

NOTE: Loading a database in the system prior to its effective date will result in the expiration date on the
power-up screen and the effective date on the AUX-System Status Page being displayed in amber.

NOTE: The FAA has asked Garmin to remind pilots who fly with Garmin database-dependent avionics of the
following:
• It is the pilot’s responsibility to remain familiar with all FAA regulatory and advisory guidance and
information related to the use of databases in the National Airspace System.
• Garmin equipment will only recognize and use databases that are obtained from Garmin or Jeppesen.
Databases obtained from Garmin or Jeppesen are assured compliance with all data quality requirements
(DQRs) by virtue of a Type 2 Letter of Authorization (LOA) from the FAA. A copy of the Type 2 LOA is
available for each database and can be viewed at http://fly.garmin.com by selecting ‘Type 2 LOA Status.’
• Use of a current Garmin or Jeppesen database in your Garmin equipment is required for compliance
with established FAA regulatory guidance, but does not constitute authorization to fly any and all
terminal procedures that may be presented by the system. It is the pilot’s responsibility to operate in
accordance with established AFM(S) and regulatory guidance or limitations as applicable to the pilot,
the aircraft, and installed equipment.

NOTE: The pilot/operator must review and be familiar with Garmin’s database exclusion list as discussed
in SAIB CE-14-04 to determine what data may be incomplete. The database exclusion list can be viewed
at www.flygarmin.com by selecting ‘Database Exclusions List.’

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APPENDIX B

NOTE: The pilot/operator must have access to Garmin and Jeppesen database alerts and consider their
impact on the intended aircraft operation. The database alerts can be viewed at www.flygarmin.com by
selecting ‘Aviation Database Alerts.’

NOTE: If the pilot/operator wants or needs to adjust the database, contact Garmin Product Support to
coordinate the revised DQRs.

NOTE: Garmin requests the flight crew report any observed discrepancies related to database informa-
tion. These discrepancies could come in the form of an incorrect procedure; incorrectly identified terrain,
obstacles and fixes; or any other displayed item used for navigation or communication in the air or on the
ground. Go to flyGarmin.com and select ‘Report An Aviation Data Error Report.’

JEPPESEN DATABASES
The Jeppesen navigation database is updated on a 28-day cycle. The ChartView database is updated on a 14-
day cycle. If the ChartView database is not updated within 70 days of the expiration date, ChartView will no
longer function. Both of these databases are provided directly from Jeppesen.

NOTE: The Jeppesen aviation navigation database is now referred to as the ‘navigation database’. Previously
this database had been referred to as the ‘aviation database’.
There are two possible methods for updating the navigation database. If the 28-day cycle of your navigation
database has already ended, you must update the active Jeppesen navigation database. However, if the expiration
date of the navigation database hasn’t already been reached, you may load a standby navigation database. The
system will then automatically update the active database at the first aircraft power-on when the new navigation
becomes effective.

NOTE: After the navigation database is installed, the card must be removed.

JEPPESEN NAVIGATION DATABASE UPDATE

There are two possible methods for updating the navigation database. If the 28-day cycle of your navigation
database has already ended, you must update the active Jeppesen navigation database. However, if the expiration
date of the navigation database hasn’t already been reached, you may load a standby navigation database. The
system will then automatically update it at the first aircraft power-on when the new navigation cycle becomes
effective.
Updating the active Jeppesen navigation database (not using the Dual Navigation Database or
Automatic Database Synchronization Features):

NOTE: To do this procedure, use a blank SD card to copy the navigation database. Garmin SD Cards (bottom
SD card slots) must NOT be used. The use of SanDisk SD Card is recommended to update the navigation
database file. Before utilization, it is recommended to format the SD Card with the FAT32 file system so that
displays will read it.

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 APPENDIX B

1) Go to www.flygarmin.com or www.jeppesen.com. Download the applicable software and install the navigation
database on a blank SD card.
2) With the system OFF, insert the SD card containing the new navigation database version into the top card slot of the
display (label of SD card facing left).
3) Turn the system ON. A prompt similar to the following is displayed in the upper left corner of the display:

Figure B-1 Standby Navigation Database Prompt

4) Press the NO Softkey to proceed to loading only the active database.

5) A prompt similar to the following is displayed, press the YES Softkey to update the active navigation database.

Figure B-2 Database Update Confirmation

6) After the update completes, the display starts in normal mode. Do not remove power while the display is
starting.
7) Turn the system OFF and remove the SD card from the top card slot.
8) Repeat steps 2 through 7 for the other displays. Remove the SD card when finished.
9) Apply power to the system and press the ENT Key or the right-most softkey on the MFD to acknowledge the startup
screen.
10) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page group on the MFD.
11) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the System Status Page.
12) Press the Display Database Selection Softkey (Figure B-11) to show active navigation database information for each
display. Verify the correct active navigation database cycle information is shown for each display.

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APPENDIX B

NOTE: Make sure that no messages related to database errors are displayed in the Messages window of the
PFD.
13) Remove power from the system.

DUAL NAVIGATION DATABASE FEATURE

The dual navigation database feature allows each display to store an upcoming navigation database on the
bottom SD card so that the system can automatically load it to replace the active database when the new
database becomes effective (the next cycle becomes available seven days prior to its effective date).
If a navigation database loader card is inserted into the top SD card slot of a display, and an SD card is in the
bottom slot, the system will prompt the user (upon on-ground power up) as to whether the database should
be stored on the bottom SD card as the standby database. If the user responds affirmatively, the system will
copy the navigation database from the top SD card to the bottom SD card. As long as the bottom SD card
remains in the card slot, this standby navigation database will be available for the system to use as the active
database as soon as it becomes effective.
The system checks the active and standby databases upon (on-ground only) power-up. If the standby
database is current and the active database is out of date, the display will upload the standby database into
the active internal database location. Loading the standby database to the active location takes approximately
45-55 seconds. During the loading process ‘Please Wait. Navigation Database Update in Progress. Do Not
Remove Power from Displays’ will be displayed on screen. After startup is complete, the pilot is alerted that
the update is complete by a system alert message, ‘NAV DB UPDATED’.
In some situations, such as an overnight flight in which departure date is prior to the effective date
of the standby database and arrival date is after the effective date, it may be desired to force the loaded
standby database into active service earlier than the system would otherwise make the change. This can be
accomplished by selecting the STBY DB Softkey on the AUX-System Status Page. Turn system power off,
then on to complete the database change.

NOTE: After the standby navigation database is installed, the card must be removed.

Loading a standby navigation database:

NOTE: To do this procedure, use a blank SD card to copy the navigation database. Garmin SD Cards (bottom
SD card slots) must NOT be used. The use of SanDisk SD Card is recommended to update the navigation
database file. Before utilization, it is recommended to format the SD Card with the FAT32 file system so that
displays will read it.
1) Go to www.flygarmin.com or www.jeppesen.com. Download the applicable software and install the navigation
database on a blank SD card.
2) With the system OFF, insert the SD card containing the new navigation database version into the top card slot
of the display.
3) Verify that an SD card is inserted in the bottom slot of each display.
4) Turn the system ON. A prompt similar to the following is displayed.

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 APPENDIX B

Figure B-3 Standby Navigation Database Prompt

5) Press the YES Softkey. The navigation database is copied to the SD card in the bottom card slot of the display.
6) After the navigation database files are copied to the bottom SD card, the display will appear as shown in Figure
B-4.

Figure B-4 Standby Navigation Database Update Complete

7) As instructed on the display, press any key to continue. The display will now appear as shown in Figure B-5.

Figure B-5 Navigation Database Verification Prompt

8) Press any key to continue. The display will now appear as shown in Figure B-6.

Figure B-6 Active Navigation Database Prompt

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9) Press the NO Softkey. The display now starts in normal mode. Since the database effective date is not yet valid,
it should not be loaded as the active database. The display now starts in normal mode. Do not remove power
while the display is starting.
10) Turn the system OFF and remove the SD card from the top card slot.
11) Repeat steps 2 through 10 for the remaining displays.
12) Apply power to the system and press the ENT Key on the MFD display to acknowledge the startup screen.
13) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page group on the MFD.
14) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the System Status Page.
15) Press the Display Database Selection Softkey (Figure B-11) to show standby navigation database information
for each display. Verify the correct standby navigation database cycle information is shown for each display.

NOTE: Make sure that no messages related to database errors are displayed in the Messages window of the
PFD.
16) Remove power from the system.

JEPPESEN CHARTVIEW DATABASE UPDATE

The ChartView database should be downloaded to the Garmin supplied Supplemental Data Card which will
reside in the bottom card slot on the MFD. Contact Jeppesen (www.jeppesen.com) for subscription and update
information.
1) With the system OFF, remove the Garmin SD Card from the bottom SD card slot of the MFD.
2) Go to www.flygarmin.com or www.jeppesen.com. Download the applicable software and install the Chartview
database on a blank SD card.
3) Put the Garmin SD Card back in the bottom SD card slots of the MFD.
4) Apply power to the system and press the ENT Key on the MFD display to acknowledge the startup screen.
5) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page group on the MFD.
6) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the System Status Page.
7) Press the Display Database Selection Softkey (Figure B-11) to show database information for MFD (MFD1 DB).
Use the FMS knob to select the ChartView Database field and verify the correct database cycle information is
shown.

NOTE: Make sure that no messages related to database errors are displayed in the Messages window of the
PFD.
8) Remove power from the system.

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 APPENDIX B

GARMIN DATABASES
The following databases are stored on Supplemental Data Cards provided by Garmin:
• Expanded basemap • Obstacle • FliteCharts
• Terrain • SafeTaxi • Airport Directory
(AOPA or AC-U-
KWIK)
After subscribing to the desired database product, these database products will be downloaded and ultimately
stored on three Supplemental Data Cards (with the exception of FliteCharts, which is loaded on only one card).
Each Supplemental Data Card resides in the bottom card of each display as shown in Figure B-7. These cards
must not be removed except to update the databases stored on each card.

PFD1 MFD PFD2

Figure B-7 Correct Database Locations

Since these databases are not stored internally in the displays, a Supplemental Data Card containing identical
database versions must be kept in each display unit.
The basemap database contains data for the topography and land features, such as rivers, lakes, and towns.
It is updated only periodically, with no set schedule. There is no expiration date.
The terrain database contains the terrain mapping data. This database is updated periodically and has no
expiration date.
The obstacle database contains data for obstacles, such as towers, that pose a potential hazard to aircraft.
Obstacles 200 feet and higher are included in the obstacle database. It is very important to note that not all
obstacles are necessarily charted and therefore may not be contained in the obstacle database. This database is
updated on a 56-day cycle.

NOTE: The data contained in the terrain and obstacle databases comes from government agencies. Garmin
accurately processes and cross-validates the data, but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of
the data.

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APPENDIX B

The AOPA or AC-U-KWIK Airport Directory provides detailed information about airports and heliports,
along with the names and phone numbers of thousands of FBOs. The AOPA Airport Directory covers U.S.
airports, while the AC-U-KWIK Airport Directory coverage area may be worldwide or regional, depending on
the database purchased. Both AOPA and AC-U-KWIK Airport Directory databases are updated every 56 days.
The SafeTaxi database contains detailed airport diagrams for selected airports. These diagrams aid in following
ground control instructions by accurately displaying the aircraft position on the map in relation to taxiways,
ramps, runways, terminals, and services. This database is updated on a 56-day cycle.
The FliteCharts database contains procedure charts for the United States, Canada and Europe. This database
is updated on a 28-day cycle. If not updated within 180 days of the expiration date, FliteCharts will no longer
function..

AUTOMATIC DATABASE SYNCHRONIZATION FEATURE

The automatic database synchronization feature automatically transfers a database from one Supplemental
Data Card to the other Supplemental Data Card to ensure that all databases are synchronized throughout the
system. After power-up, the system compares all copies of each applicable database. If similar databases do
not match, the most recent valid database is automatically copied to each card in the system that does not
already contain that database.
The following databases are checked and synchronized: Basemap, SafeTaxi, Obstacle, and Airport Directory
(AOPA or AC-U-KWIK). This feature applies only to databases that are stored on the Supplemental Data
Card that resides in the bottom slot of each display. This feature does not apply to the active navigation
database which is stored internally in each display, the terrain database, or the charts databases (FliteCharts
and ChartView), which are only required to be present on the MFD.
The synchronization progress may be monitored on the AUX-System Status Page in the Sync Status section
of the Database Window (Figure B-8). This section shows the synchronization status of each applicable
database, including the percent complete, time remaining, and to which displays the databases are being
copied. When the synchronization is complete, the status is listed as ‘Complete’, followed by the displays to
which the databases were copied. This sub-section is only present when a sync is occurring or has occurred
on the current power-up.
An indication of ‘Complete’ still requires a power cycle before the synchronized databases will be used by
the system.

Figure B-8 AUX-System Status Page, Database Window

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 APPENDIX B

The Display Database Softkey (Figure B-11) is used to place the cursor in the Database Window. Upon
first press of the Display Database Softkey, the softkey will change to a selected state (black text on gray
background) and the cursor will appear in the Database Window. At this point the user can scroll through
all databases in the Database Window to view status information. If the Display Database Softkey is pressed
repeatedly, the softkey will switch between PFD1 and MFD1. Database status information in the Database
Window will reflect the database of the selected display. After a successful sync and restart, verify that the
proper databases are now in use on the AUX–System Status Page (Figure B-8).
If an error occurs during the synchronization, an error message will be displayed, followed by the affected
display in the Sync Status section of the Database Window (Figure B-9). If a synchronization completes on
one display, but an error occurs on the other, the error message will be displayed with the affected diaplay
listed after it. When an error message (Table B-1) is displayed, the problem must be corrected before the
synchronization can be completed. A power cycle is required to restart synchronization when ‘Card Full’ or
‘Err’ is shown.

Database Synchronization Error Message

Figure B-9 Synchronization Error Message

Error Message Description

Canceled Database synchronization has been canceled by removing the bottom SD card in
display being updated
Card Full SD card does not contain sufficient memory
Err Displayed for all other errors that may cause the synchronization process to be halted
Timeout System timed-out prior to the database transfer completing
Table B-1 Database Synchronization Error Messages

UPDATING GARMIN DATABASES

The Garmin database updates can be obtained by following the instructions detailed in the ‘Aviation
Databases’ section of the Garmin website (fly.garmin.com). Once the updated files have been downloaded
from the website, a PC equipped with an appropriate SD card reader is used to unpack and program the new
databases onto an existing Supplemental Data Card. Equipment required to perform the update is as follows:
• Windows-compatible PC computer (running Windows XP, Vista, or Windows 7)
• SD Card Reader: SanDisk SDDR-93, SanDisk SDDR-99, Verbatim #96504, or equivalent
• Updated database obtained from the Garmin website
• Existing Supplemental Database SD Cards (010-00330-45) from the PFD and MFD
In some cases it may be necessary to obtain an unlock code from Garmin in order to make the database
product functional. It may also be necessary to have the system configured by a Garmin authorized service
facility in order to use some database features.

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APPENDIX B

Updating Basemap, SafeTaxi, Obstacle, Airport Directory, and Flightcharts Databases

1) With the system OFF, remove the Garmin SD Cards from the bottom SD card slot of each flight display unit.

NOTE: Label the SD cards for each display.

2) Go to www.flygarmin.com. Download the applicable software and install the databases on the Garmin SD card
for each display. (The FliteChart database must only be installed on the MFD SD Card).
3) Put the Garmin SD Cards back in the bottom SD card slots of each flight display unit.
4) Turn the system ON.
5) During MFD power-up, check the MFD Power-Up screen and make sure that the database is initialized and
shown on the database information (Figure B-10).

Figure B-10 Database Information on the Power-up Screen

6) Press the ENT Key on MFD display to acknowledge the startup screen.
7) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page group on the MFD.
8) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the System Status Page.
9) Press the Display Database Selection Softkey (Figure B-11) to show database information for each display.
Verify the correct database cycle information is shown for each display.

NOTE: Make sure that no messages related to database errors are displayed in the Messages window of the
PFD.
10) Remove power from the system.

Unselected MFD1 DB Selected PFD1 DB Selected

Figure B-11 Display Database Softkeys

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 APPENDIX B

MAGNETIC FIELD VARIATION DATABASE UPDATE

A copy of the current magnetic field variation database (MV DB) is included with the navigation database.
At startup, the system compares this version of the MV DB with that presently being used by each AHRS
(GRS1 and GRS2). If the system determines the MV DB needs to be updated, a prompt is displayed on the
Navigation Map Page, as shown in Figure B-12. Note, in the following example, GRS1 is the first AHRS to
indicate an update is available. In actuality, this is dependent on which AHRS is the first to report status to the
system. GRS2 may be displayed before GRS1. The order is not important, only that both AHRS be updated.

Figure B-12 GRS1 Magnetic Field Variation Database Update Prompt

Loading the magnetic field variation database update:

1) With ‘OK’ highlighted, as seen in Figure B-12, press the ENT Key on the MFD. A progress monitor is displayed
as shown in Figure B-13.

Figure B-13 Uploading Database to GRS1

2) When the upload is complete, the prompt for the next GRS upload is displayed, as seen in Figure B-14.

Figure B-14 GRS2 Magnetic Field Variation Database Update Prompt

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APPENDIX B

3) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key on the MFD. A progress monitor is displayed as shown in Figure B-15.
When the upload is complete, the system is ready for use.

Figure B-15 Uploading Database to GRS2

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 APPENDIX C

GARMIN AVIATION GLOSSARY

ACARS Airborne Communications Addressing APPR, APR Approach
and Reporting System APT Airport, Aerodrome
ACC Accuracy APTSIGNS Airport Signs
ACT, ACTV Active, Activate, Altitude Compensated ARINC Aeronautical Radio Incorporated
Tilt
ARSPC Airspace
ADC Air Data Computer
ARTCC Air Route Traffic Control Center
ADF Automatic Direction Finder
ARV Arrival
ADI Attitude Direction Indicator
AS Airspeed
ADIZ Air Defense Identification Zone
ASB Aviation Support Branch
ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance-
Broadcast ASOS Automated Surface Observing System
ADS-R Automatic Dependent Surveillance- ATC Air Traffic Control
Rebroadcast ATCRBS ATC Radar Beacon System
AF Arc to Fix Leg ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service
AFCS Automatic Flight Control System ATK Along Track
AFM Airplane Flight Manual AUTOSEQ Automatic Sequence
AFMS Airplane Flight Manual Supplement AUX Auxiliary
AFRM Airframe AVG Average
AGL Above Ground Level AVLC Aviation VHF Link Control
AHRS Attitude and Heading Reference System AWOS Automated Weather Observing System
AIM Aeronautical Information Manual
AIRB Airborne B Both Runways
AIRMET Airman’s Meteorological Information B ALT Barometric Altitude
AIRREP Air Reports BARO Barometer, Barometric
ALRT Alert BATT Battery
ALT Altitude BC Backcourse
ALT, ALTN Alternator Bearing The compass direction from the present
ALTS Selected Altitude Capture Mode position to a destination waypoint.
ALTV VNAV Altitude Capture Mode BFO Beat Frequency Oscillator
AMPS Amperes BKSP Backspace
ANNUNC/ANN Annunciation/Annunciator Bluetooth Wireless standard for data exchange over
short distances
ANT Antenna
BOC Bottom of Climb
AOA Angle of Attack, ACARS Over AVLC
BOD Bottom of Descent
AOC Aeronautical Operational Control
BRG see also Bearing
AOG Aircraft On Ground
AOPA Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
°C Degrees Celsius
AP Autopilot
C Center Runway
AP DISC Autopilot Disconnect
CA Course to Altitude Leg

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APPENDIX C

CAL Calibrated CRSR Cursor

CALC Calculator CSA Conflict Situational Awareness
Calibrated Indicated airspeed corrected for CSC Current Speed Control
Airspeed installation and instrument errors. CTA Control Area
CAS Crew Alerting System CTR Center
CD Course to DME Distance Leg CTRL Control
CDI Course Deviation Indicator Cumulative, The total of all legs in a flight plan.
CDU Control Display Unit CUM
CF Course to Fix Leg CVDR Cockpit Voice Data Recorder
CG Center of Gravity CVR Cockpit Voice Recorder
CH, CHNL Channel CVRG Coverage
CHT Cylinder Head Temperature CWS Control Wheel Steering
CHKLIST Checklist CYL Cylinder
CI Course to Intercept Leg
CLD Cloud D ALT Density Altitude
CLR Clear D-ATIS Digital Automatic Terminal Info Service
CM Centimeter DB, DBASE Database
CMC Central Maintenance Computer dBZ Decibels ‘Z’ (Radar Return)
CN Canada DCL Departure Clearance
CNS Communication, Navigation, & DCLTR, DECLTR Declutter
Surveillance DEC FUEL Decrease Fuel
CO Carbon Monoxide DEG Degree
COM Communication Radio DEIC, DEICE De-icing
CONFIG Configuration DEP Departure
COOL Coolant Desired Track The desired course between the active
COPLT Copilot “from” and “to” waypoints.
Course The line between two points to be DEST Destination
followed by the aircraft. DEV Deviation
Course to The recommended direction to steer DF Direct to Fix Leg
Steer in order to reduce course error or stay
on course. Provides the most efficient DFLT Default
heading to get back to the desired course DG Directional Gyro
and proceed along the flight plan.
DGRD Degrade
CPDLC Controller Pilot Datalink Communications
DH Decision Height
CPL Couple
Dilution of A measure of GPS satellite geometry
CR Course to Radial Leg Precision quality on a scale of one to ten (lower
CRG Cockpit Reference Guide numbers equal better geometry, where
higher numbers equal poorer geometry).
CRNT Current
DIR Direction
Crosstrack The distance the aircraft is off a desired
Error course in either direction, left or right. DIS Distance
CRS see also Course, Course to Steer

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Distance The ‘great circle’ distance from the Enroute Safe Uses Grid MORAs to determine a safe
present position to a destination Altitude (ESA) altitude within ten miles left or right of
waypoint. the desired course on an active flight
DL LTNG Datalink Lightning plan or direct-to.
DME Distance Measuring Equipment ENT Enter
DN Down EPE see also Estimated Position Error
DOP see also Dilution of Precision EPU Estimated Position Uncertainty
DP Departure Procedure ERR Error
DPRT Departure ES Extended Squitter
DR Dead Reckoning ESA see also Enroute Safe Altitude
DSBL Disabled ESP Electronic Stability and Protection
DTK see also Desired Track Estimated A measure of horizontal GPS position
Position Error error derived by satellite geometry
DQR Data Quality Requirements (EPE) conditions and other factors.
Estimated The estimated time at which the aircraft
E Empty, East Time of Arrival should reach the destination waypoint,
(ETA) based upon current speed and track.
EAS Engine and Airframe Systems
Estimated The estimated time it takes to reach
ECU Engine Control Unit Time Enroute the destination waypoint from the
EDM Emergency Descent Mode (ETE) present position, based upon current
EFC Expected Further Clearance groundspeed.
Efficiency A measure of fuel consumption, ETA see also Estimated Time of Arrival
expressed in distance per unit of fuel. ETE see also Estimated Time Enroute
EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation EVS Enhanced Vision System
Overlay Service EXPIRD Expired
EGT Exhaust Gas Temperature
EICAS Engine Indication and Crew Alerting °F Degrees Fahrenheit
System
FA Course From Fix to Altitude Leg
EIS Engine Indication System
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
ELEV Elevation, Elevator
FADEC Full Authority Digital Engine Control
ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter
FAF Final Approach Fix
EMER, EMERG, Emergency
EMERGCY FAIL Failure
EMI Electromagnetic Interference FBO Fixed Base Operator
END, ENDUR Endurance FC Course From Fix to Distance Leg
Endurance Flight endurance, or total possible flight FCC Federal Communication Commission
time based on available fuel on board. FCST Forecast
ENG Engine FD Flight Director, Course From Fix to DME
ENGD Engaged Distance Leg
ENR Enroute; ETE to Final Destination FDE Fault Detection and Exclusion
FF, FFLOW see also Fuel Flow
FIS-B Flight Information Services-Broadcast
FISDL Flight Information Service Data Link

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APPENDIX C

FL Flight Level GIA Garmin Integrated Avionics Unit

FLC Flight Level Change GLONASS Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite
FLTA Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance Landing System
FM Course From Fix to Manual Termination GLS Global Navigation Satellite Landing
Leg System
FMS Flight Management System GMA Garmin Audio Panel System
FOB see also Fuel On Board GMC Garmin Mode Controller
FOD see also Fuel Over Destination GMT Greenwich Mean Time
FPA Flight Path Angle GMU Garmin Magnetometer Unit
FPL Flight Plan GND Ground
FPM Feet Per Minute, Flight Path Marker GPH Gallons per Hour
FREQ Frequency GPN Garmin Part Number
FRMT Format GPS Global Positioning System
FRZ Freezing GPWS Ground Proximity Warning System
FSM Flight System Messages Grid MORA One degree latitude by one degree
(Minimum longitude in size and clears the highest
FSS Flight Service Station Off—Route elevation reference point in the grid by:
FT foot/feet Altitude) a) 1,000 feet where the highest elevation
is <5001MSL or b) 2,000 feet where the
Fuel Flow The fuel flow rate, expressed in units of highest elevation is >5000MSL
fuel per hour.
Groundspeed The velocity that the aircraft is travelling
Fuel On Board The total amount of usable fuel on board relative to a ground position.
the aircraft.
Ground Track See Track
Fuel Over The estimated fuel remaining when the
Destination aircraft reaches the destination waypoint, GRS Garmin Reference System
based upon current fuel flow. GS Ground Speed, Glideslope
FWD Forward GSA Garmin Servo Adapter
GSD Garmin Data Concentrator
G/S Glideslope GSL Geodetic Sea Level
GA Go-Around GSR Garmin Satellite Radio
GAL, GL Gallon(s) GTC Garmin Touchscreen Controller
GBOX Gearbox GTS Garmin Traffic System
GBT Ground Based Transceiver GTX Garmin Transponder
GCU Garmin Control Unit GWX Garmin Weather Radar
GCS Ground Clutter Suppression
GDC Garmin Air Data Computer HA Hold Terminating at Altitude Leg
GDL Garmin Satellite Data Link HDG see also Heading
GDR Garmin Data Radio HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision
GDU Garmin Display Unit Heading The direction an aircraft is pointed,
GEA Garmin Engine/Airframe Unit based upon indications from a magnetic
compass or a properly set directional
GEO Geographic gyro.
GFC Garmin Flight Control

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HF High Frequency, Hold Terminating at Fix IND Indicator, Indicated

Leg Indicated Information provided by properly
HFOM see also Horizontal Figure of Merit calibrated and set instrumentation on the
Hg Mercury aircraft panel.
HI High INFO Information
HI SENS High Sensitivity IN Hg Inches of Mercury
HM Hold with Manual Termination Leg INS Inertial Navigation System
HNS Hybrid Navigation System INT Intersection(s)
Horizontal A measure of the uncertainty in the INTEG Integrity (RAIM unavailable)
Figure of aircraft’s horizontal position. IrDA, IRDA Infrared Data Association
Merit ISA International Standard Atmosphere; ISA
hPa Hectopascal Relative Temperature
HPL Horizontal Protection Level ITT Interstage Turbine Temperature, Inter-
HR Hour Turbine Temperature
HRZN HDG Horizon Heading
HSDB High-Speed Data Bus KEYSTK Key Stuck
HSI Horizontal Situation Indicator KG Kilogram
HT Heat kHz Kilohertz
HUL Horizontal Uncertainty Level KM Kilometer
Hz Hertz (cycles per second) KT Knot

I Inner Marker L Left, Left Runway

IAF Initial Approach Fix LAT Latitude
IAS Indicated Air Speed LBL Label
IAT Indicated Air Temperature LB Pound
IAU Integrated Avionics Unit LCD Liquid Crystal Display
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization LCL Local
ICS Intercom System LDA Landing Distance Available
ID Identification/Morse Code Identifier LDG ETA at Final Destination
IDENT, IDNT Identification LED Light Emitting Diode
IEEE Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers Left Over Fuel The amount of fuel remaining on board
On Board after the completion of one or more legs
IF Initial Fix of a flight plan or direct-to.
IFR Instrument Flight Rules Left Over Fuel The amount of flight time remaining,
IG Imperial Gallon Reserve based on the amount of fuel on board
ILS Instrument Landing System after the completion of one or more legs
of a flight plan or direct-to, and a known
IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions consumption rate.
IN Inch Leg The portion of a flight plan between two
INACTV Inactive waypoints.
INC FUEL Increase Fuel LGND Legend

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APPENDIX C

LIFR Low Instrument Flight Rules MIC Microphone

LMM Location Middle Marker MIN Minimum
LNAV Lateral Navigation Minimum Safe Uses Grid MORAs to determine a safe
LO Low Altitude (MSA) altitude within ten miles of the aircraft
present position.
LOA Letter of Authorization
MKR Marker Beacon
LOC Localizer
MOA Military Operations Area
LOI Loss of Integrity (GPS)
MON Monitor
LOM Location Outer Marker
MOV Movement
LON Longitude
MORA Minimum Off-Route Altitude
LP Localizer Performance
MPEL Maximum Permissible Exposure Level
LPV Localizer Performance with Vertical
Guidance MPM Meters per Minute
LRU Line Replaceable Unit MSA see also Minimum Safe Altitude
LT Left MSAS Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation
System
LTNG Lightning
MSG Message
LVL Level
MSL Mean Sea Level
MT, M Meter
M Meter, Middle Marker, Mach
mV Millivolt(s)
MMO (VMO) Maximum Speed
MVFR Marginal Visual Flight Rules
Mach Number Mach number is the ratio of the true
airspeed to the speed of sound.
MAG Magnetic N North
MAG VAR Magnetic Variation NAV Navigation
MAHP Missed Approach Hold Point NAVAID Navigation Aid
MAN IN Manifold Pressure (inches Hg) NDB Non-Directional Beacon
MAN SQ Manual Squelch NEXRAD Next Generation Radar
MAP Missed Approach Point NM Nautical Mile(s)
MASQ Master Avionics Squelch NoPT No Procedure Turn Required (procedure
shall not be executed without ATC
MAX Maximum clearance)
MAXSPD Maximum Speed (overspeed) NOTAM Notice To Airman
MB Marker Beacon NRST Nearest
MDA Barometric Minimum Descent Altitude
MEPT Manual Electric Pitch Trim O Outer Marker
MET Manual Electric Trim OAT Outside Air Temperature
METAR Aviation Routine Weather Report OBS Omni Bearing Selector
MFD Multi Function Display OFST Offset
MFW Multi Function Window OOOI Out of the gate, Off the ground, On the
MGRS Military Grid Reference System ground, and In the gate
MHz Megahertz OXY Oxygen

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RAT Ram Air Temperature

P ALT Pressure Altitude RCVR Receiver
PA Passenger Address, Proximity Advisory REF Reference
PASS Passenger(s) REM Remaining (fuel remaining), Reminder
PC Personal Computer REQ Required
PDC Pre-Departure Clearance RES Reserve (fuel reserve entered by pilot)
PFD Primary Flight Display REV Reverse, Revision, Revise
PG Pilot’s Guide RF Radio Frequency, Constant Radius Turn to
PI Procedure Turn to Course Intercept Leg Fix Leg
PIREP Pilot Report RMI Radio Magnetic Indicator
PIT, PTCH Pitch RMT Remote
POA Plain Old ACARS RNAV Area Navigation
POH Pilot’s Operating Handbook RNG Range
POHS Pilot’s Operating Handbook Supplement RNP Required Navigation Performance
POS, POSN Position RNWY, RWY Runway
PPH Pounds per Hour ROL Roll
PPM Parts per Million ROM Read Only Memory
P. POS Present Position RPM Revolutions Per Minute
PRES, PRESS Pressure RST FUEL Reset Fuel
PROC Procedure(s), Procedure Turn RSV Reserve (fuel reserve entered by pilot)
PROP Propeller RT Right
PROX Proximity RVRSNRY Reversionary
PSI Pounds per Square Inch RVSM Reduced Vertical Separation Minimums
PT Procedure Turn RX Receive
PTK Parallel Track
PTT Push-to-Talk S South
PWR Power SA Selective Availability
SAR Search and Rescue
QFE Field Elevation Pressure SAT Static Air Temperature
QNH Sea Level Pressure SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation System
QTY Quantity SCIT Storm Cell Identification and Tracking
SD Secure Digital
R Right, Right Runway SEC Second(s)
RA Resolution Advisory, Radio Altimeter SEL, SLCT Select
RAD Radial SELCAL Selective Calling
RAD ALT Radio Altimeter SENS Sense
RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity SFC Surface
Monitoring SIAP Standard Instrument Approach
RAM Random Access Memory Procedures

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SID Standard Instrument Departure TAT Total Air Temperature

SIG/AIR SIGMET/AIRMET TAWS Terrain Awareness and Warning System
SIGMET Significant Meteorological Information TCA Terminal Control Area
SIM Simulator TCAS Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System
SLD Supercooled Large Droplet TEL Telephone
SLP/SKD Slip/Skid TEMP Temperature
SMBL Symbol TERM Terminal
SMS Short Message System TF Track Between Two Fixes Leg
SNGL Single TFR Temporary Flight Restriction
SPC Space TGT Target
SPD Speed T HDG True Heading
SPI Special Position Identification TIS Traffic Information Service
SPKR Speaker TIS-B Traffic Information Service-Broadcast
SQ Squelch TIT Turbine Inlet Temperature
SRVC, SVC Service TKE see also Track Angle Error
SSID Wi-Fi Service Set Identifier TMA Terminal Maneuvering Area
STAB Stabilization TMR/REF Timer/Reference
STAL Stall TOC Top of Climb
STAR Standard Terminal Arrival Route TOD Top of Descent
STATS Statistics TOGA, TO/GA Take-Off, Go-Around
STBY Standby TOLD Takeoff and Landing Data
STD Standard TOPO Topographic
STRMSCP Stormscope TORA Takeoff Run Available
SUA Special Use Airspace TOT Total
SURF Surface TPA Traffic Pattern Altitude
SUSP Suspend Track Direction of aircraft movement relative to
SVT Synthetic Vision Technology a ground position; also ‘Ground Track’.
SW Software Track Angle The angle difference between the desired
Error track and the current track.
SYNC Synchronize
TRK see also Track
SYN TERR Synthetic Terrain
TRSA Terminal Radar Service Area
SYN VIS Synthetic Vision
TRUNC Truncated
SYS System
TTL Total
TURB Turbulence
T True
TURN Procedure Turn
TA Traffic Advisory
TWIP Terminal Weather Information for Pilots
TACAN Tactical Air Navigation System
TX Transmit
TAF Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
TAS True Airspeed, Traffic Advisory System
UAT Universal Access Transceiver

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UHF Ultra-High Frequency VERT Vertical

UNAVAIL Unavailable Vertical Figure A measure of the uncertainty in the
US United States of Merit aircraft’s vertical position.
USR User Vertical Speed The vertical speed necessary to descend/
Required climb from a current position and altitude
UTC Coordinated Universal Time to a defined target position and altitude,
UTM/UPS Universal Transverse Mercator/ Universal based upon current groundspeed.
Polar Stereographic Grid VFOM see also Vertical Figure of Merit
VFR Visual Flight Rules
V Volts VHF Very High Frequency
V, Vspeed Velocity (airspeed) VI Heading Vector to Intercept Leg
V1 Takeoff Decision Speed VLOC VOR/Localizer Receiver
V2 Takeoff Safety Speed VM Heading Vector to Manual Termination
VA Maneuvering Speed Leg
VAPP , VAC Approach Climb Speed VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions
VFE Maximum Flap Extended Speed VNAV, VNV Vertical Navigation
VLE Maximum Landing Gear Extended Speed VOL Volume
VLNDx Approach Speed (Flaps at x°) VOR VHF Omnidirectional Range
VLO Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed VORTAC VHF Omnidirectional Range Station and
Tactical Air Navigation
VMC Minimum Control Speed
VPATH, VPTH Vertical Path
VMO (MMO) Maximum Operating Speed
VPL Vertical Protection Level
VNE Never-Exceed Speed
VPROF VNAV Profile, Vertical Profile
VR Takeoff Rotate Speed
VR Heading Vector to Radial Leg
VREF Landing Approach Speed, Reference
Landing Speed VRP Visual Reporting Point
VSB Maximum Speedbrake Speed VS Vertical Speed
VSR Stall Speed VSD Vertical Situation Display
VT Takeoff Flap Retraction Speed VSI Vertical Speed Indicator
VTIRE Maximum Tire Speed VSR, VS REQ see also Vertical Speed Required
VX Best Angle of Climb Speed VTF Vector to Final
VY Best Rate of Climb Speed
VYSE Best Single-Engine Rate of Climb Speed W Watt(s), West
V DEV Vertical Deviation WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
VA Heading Vector to Altitude Leg WARN Warning
VAC Volts Alternating Current WATCH Weather Attenuated Color Highlight
VAPP VOR Approach WGS-84 World Geodetic System - 1984
VAR Variation WI-FI Wireless Local Area Network based on
IEEE 802.11
VD Heading Vector to DME Distance Leg
WOW Weight on Wheels
VDC Volts Direct Current
WPT Waypoint(s)
VDL VHF Datalink

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WT Weight
WW World Wide
WX Weather

XFER, XFR Transfer

XM LTNG SiriusXM Lightning
XPDR Transponder
XTALK Cross-Talk
XTK Cross-Track, Crosstrack Error

YD Yaw Damper

714 Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 APPENDIX D

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

If a particular aspect of system operational capability is not addressed by these commonly asked questions or in
the index, contact Garmin (see the copyright page or back cover for contact information) or a Garmin-authorized
dealer. Garmin is dedicated to supporting its products and customers.

What is SBAS?
The Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) uses a system of ground stations to correct any GPS signal
errors. These ground stations correct for errors caused by ionospheric disturbances, timing, and satellite
orbit errors. It also provides vital integrity information regarding the health of each GPS satellite. The signal
correction is then broadcast through geostationary satellites. This correction information can then be received
by any SBAS-enabled GPS receiver.
SBAS is designed to provide the additional accuracy, availability, and integrity necessary to enable users to rely
on GPS for all phases of flight.
There are several SBAS systems serving different parts of the world. The Wide Area Augmentation System
(WAAS) is currently available in the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii. The European Geostationary
Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) offers coverage of Europe, parts of the middle east and northern Africa. The
Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS) covers mainly Japan and parts of northern Australia.

How does SBAS affect approach operations?

Both LNAV/VNAV and LPV approaches use the accuracy of SBAS to include vertical (glide path) guidance
capability. The additional accuracy and vertical guidance capability allows improved instrument approaches to
an expanded number of airports throughout the U.S.
The implementation of LPV approaches further improves precision approach capabilities. LPV approaches
are designed to make full use of the improved GPS signal from the SBAS. This approach combines the LNAV/
VNAV vertical accuracy with lateral guidance similar to the typical Instrument Landing System (ILS). LPV
approaches allow lower approach minimums.

What is RAIM and how does it affect approach operations?

RAIM is an acronym for Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring. RAIM is a GPS receiver function that
performs the following functions:
• Monitors and verifies integrity and geometry of tracked GPS satellites
• Notifies the pilot when satellite conditions do not provide the necessary coverage to support a certain phase
of flight
• Predicts satellite coverage of a destination area to determine whether the number of available satellites is
sufficient to satisfy requirements

NOTE: If RAIM is not predicted to be available for the final approach course, the approach does not become
active, as indicated by the “RAIM not available from FAF to MAP” message and the LOI annunciation
flagging on the HSI.

190-00762-05 Rev. A Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 715
APPENDIX D

For RAIM to work correctly, the GPS receiver must track at least five satellites. A minimum of six satellites is
required to allow RAIM to eliminate a single corrupt satellite from the navigation solution.
RAIM ensures that satellite geometry allows for a navigation solution calculation within a specified protection
limit (2.0 nm for oceanic and en route, 1.0 nm for terminal, and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches). The
system monitors RAIM and issues an alert message when RAIM is not available (see Appendix A). Without
RAIM, GPS position accuracy cannot be monitored. If RAIM is not available when crossing the FAF, the pilot
must fly the missed approach procedure.

Why are there not any approaches available for a flight plan?
Approaches are available for the final destination airport in a flight plan or as a direct-to (keep in mind
that some VOR/VORTAC identifiers are similar to airport identifiers). If a destination airport does not have a
published approach, the system indicates “NONE” for the available procedures.

What happens when an approach is selected? Can a flight plan with an approach, a departure, or an
arrival be stored?

When an approach, departure, or arrival is loaded into the active flight plan, a set of approach, departure,
or arrival waypoints is inserted into the flight plan, along with a header line showing the title of the selected
instrument procedure. The original en route portion of the flight plan remains active, unless the instrument
procedure is activated. This may be done either when the procedure is loaded or at a later time.
Flight plans can also be stored with an approach, a departure, or an arrival. Note that the active flight plan
is erased when the system is turned off. Also, the active flight plan is overwritten when another flight plan is
activated. When storing flight plans with an approach, a departure, or an arrival, the system uses the waypoint
information from the current database to define the waypoints. If the database is changed or updated, the
system automatically updates the information, provided the procedure has not been modified. Should an
approach, departure, or arrival procedure no longer be available, the flight plan becomes locked until the
procedure is deleted from the flight plan.

Can “slant Golf” (“/G”) be filed using the Prodigy® System?

“/G” may be filed for a flight plan. The system meets the requirements of TSO-C145a Class 3 and ETSO C145
Class 3 installations. GPS approaches are not to be flown with an expired database. See the approved Pilot’s
Operating Handbook (POH) as well as the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) for more information.

What does the OBS Softkey do?

The OBS Softkey is used to select manual sequencing of waypoints. Activating OBS mode sets the current
active-to waypoint as the primary navigation reference and prevents the system from sequencing to the next
waypoint in a flight plan. When OBS mode is cancelled, automatic waypoint sequencing is continued, and
the system automatically activates the next waypoint in the flight plan once the aircraft has crossed the present
active waypoint.

716 Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 APPENDIX D

Normal (OBS not activated) OBS

• Automatic sequencing of waypoints • Manual sequencing - ‘holds’ on selected
waypoint
• Manual course change on HSI not possible • Manually select course to waypoint from
HSI
• Always navigates ‘TO’ the active waypoint • Indicates ‘TO’ or ‘FROM’ waypoint
• Must be in this mode for final approach • Cannot be set for final approach course or
course published holding patterns

When OBS mode is active, the system allows the pilot to set a desired course to/from a waypoint using the
CRS/BARO Knob and HSI (much like a VOR).
The most common application for using the OBS Softkey is the missed approach. The system suspends
automatic waypoint sequencing (indicated by a ‘SUSP’ annunciation placed on the HSI) when the missed
approach point (MAP) is crossed. This prevents the system from automatically sequencing to the missed
approach holding point (MAHP). During this time, the OBS Softkey designation changes to SUSP. Pressing
the SUSP Softkey reactivates automatic waypoint sequencing. The OBS Softkey then resumes its normal
functionality.

Why does the system not automatically sequence to the next waypoint?
The system only sequences flight plan waypoints when automatic sequencing is enabled (i.e., no “OBS” or
‘SUSP’ annunciation). For automatic sequencing to occur, the aircraft must also cross the “bisector” of the turn
being navigated. The bisector is a line passing through the waypoint common to two flight plan legs at an
equal angle from each leg.

How can a waypoint be skipped in an approach, a departure, or an arrival?

The system allows the pilot to manually select any approach, departure, or arrival leg as the active leg of
the flight plan. This procedure is performed on the MFD from the Active Flight Plan Page by highlighting the
desired waypoint and selecting the ACT LEG Softkey then the ENT Key to approve the selection. The GPS
then provides navigation along the selected flight plan leg.

When does turn anticipation begin?

The system smooths adjacent leg transitions based on a normal 15° bank angle (with the ability to roll up to
30°) and provides three pilot cues for turn anticipation:
• A waypoint alert (‘Next DTK ###° in # seconds’ or ‘Next HDG ###° in # seconds’) appears on the PFD 10
seconds before the turn point and flashes as it counts down to zero.
• A flashing turn advisory (‘Turn [right/left] to ###° in # seconds’) appears on the PFD 10 seconds before the
turn and flashes as it counts down to zero. ‘Turn [right/left] to ###° now’ or ‘Next [DTK/HDG] to ###° now’
is displayed when the pilot is to begin the turn and the HSI (GPS mode) automatically sequences to the next
DTK or HDG value.
• The To/From indicator on the HSI flips momentarily to indicate that the midpoint of the turn has been
crossed.

190-00762-05 Rev. A Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 717
APPENDIX D

When does the CDI scale change?

Once a departure is activated, the Prodigy® Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) full scale deflection is set to
0.3 nm. The CDI scale changes to 1.0 nm (terminal mode) then ramps up to 2.0 nm (enroute mode) at 30 nm
from the departure airport. When 31 nm from the destination, the CDI scale smoothly transition from 2.0 nm
back to 1.0 nm (terminal mode). At 2.0 nm before the FAF during an active approach, the CDI scale transitions
down further based on the type of approach activated (LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, LPV). When a missed approach is
activated, the CDI is set to 0.3 nm. See the Flight Instruments Section for more details on CDI scaling.

Why does the HSI not respond like a VOR when OBS mode is active?
Unlike a VOR, the CDI scale used on GPS equipment is based on the crosstrack distance to the desired
course, not on the angular relationship to the destination. Therefore, the CDI deflection on the GPS is constant
regardless of the distance to the destination and does not become less sensitive when further away from the
destination.

What is the correct missed approach procedure? How is the missed approach holding point selected?
To comply with TSO specifications, the system does not automatically sequence past the MAP. The first
waypoint in the missed approach procedure becomes the active waypoint when the SUSP Softkey is selected
after crossing the MAP, or the go-around button is pressed. All published missed approach procedures must be
followed, as indicated on the approach plate.
To execute the missed approach procedure prior to the MAP (not recommended), select the Active Flight Plan
Page and use the ACT LEG Softkey to activate the missed approach portion of the procedure.

After a missed approach, how can the same approach be re-selected? How can a new approach be
activated?

NOTE: Do not attempt to reactivate the current approach prior to crossing the missed approach point
(MAP). If an attempt to do so is made, an alert message “Are you sure you want to discontinue the current
approach?” appears. The system directs the pilot back to the transition waypoint and does not take into
consideration any missed approach procedures, if the current approach is reactivated.
After flying the missed approach procedure, the pilot may reactivate the same approach for another attempt by
pressing the PROC Key. Once the clearance is given for another attempt, activate the approach by highlighting
‘ACTIVATE APPROACH’ using the large FMS Knob and pressing the ENT Key. The system provides navigation
along the desired course to the waypoint and rejoins the approach in sequence from that point.
To activate a new approach for the same airport, select the new procedure by pressing the PROC Key. Choose
‘SELECT APPROACH’, select the desired approach from the list shown, and press the ENT Key. Select the
desired transition, then activate the approach using the ENT Key.
To activate a new approach to a different airport, press the Direct-to Key and select the desired airport using
the FMS Knobs. Press the ENT Key to accept the selected airport, then follow the steps in the preceding
paragraph to select an approach for the new airport.

718 Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 APPENDIX E

GENERAL TIS INFORMATION

INTRODUCTION

NOTE: Aircraft without an operating transponder are invisible to TIS.

The Traffic Information Service (TIS) provides traffic advisory information to non-TAS/TCAS-equipped
aircraft. TIS is a ground-based service providing the relative locations of all ATCRBS Mode-A and Mode-C
transponder equipped aircraft within a specified service volume. The TIS ground sensor uses real-time track
reports to generate traffic notification. The system displays TIS traffic information on the Traffic Map Page of
the MFD. TIS information may also be displayed for overlay on the MFD Navigation Map Page, as well as on
the PFD Inset Map. Surveillance data includes all transponder-equipped aircraft within the coverage volume.
The system displays up to eight traffic targets within a 7.5 nm radius, from 3,000 feet below, to 3,500 feet above
the requesting aircraft.

TIS VS. TAS/TCAS

The Traffic Information System (TIS) is a ground-based service that requires contact with a ground station
through a datalink radio in order to receive traffic information. Traffic Advisory (TAS) and Traffic Collision
Avoidance Systems (TCAS) are self-contained. TAS/TCAS uses an airborne interrogator with a half-second
update rate, while TIS utilizes the terminal Mode-S ground interrogator and accompanying data link to provide
a five-second update rate. TIS and TAS/TCAS have similar ranges.

TIS LIMITATIONS

NOTE: TIS is not intended to be used as a collision avoidance system and does not relieve the pilot of the
responsibility to “see and avoid” other aircraft. TIS shall not be used for avoidance maneuvers during
instrument meterorlogical conditions (IMC) or when there is no visual contact with the intruder aircraft.

NOTE: Refer to the TIS Limitations section of the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) for a more
comprehensive explanation.
TIS relies on surveillance of the Mode-S radar system, which is a “secondary surveillance” radar system similar
to that used by ATCRBS. Many limitations are inherent in secondary radar surveillance. Information provided
by TIS is neither better nor more accurate than the information used by ATC. TIS is intended only to assist in
visual acquisition of other aircraft in visual meterological conditions (VMC). While TIS is a useful aid for visual
traffic avoidance, system limitations must be considered to ensure proper use. No recommended avoidance
maneuvers are given, nor authorized, as a direct result of a TIS intruder display or TIS advisory.
• TIS operation may be intermittent during turns or other maneuvering.
• TIS is dependent on two-way, line-of-sight communications between the aircraft and the Mode-S radar
antenna. Whenever the structure of the aircraft comes between the transponder antenna and the ground-
based radar antenna, the signal may be temporarily interrupted.
• Other limitations and anomalies associated with TIS are described in the AIM.

190-00762-05 Rev. A Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 719
APPENDIX E

WARNING: Garmin is not responsible for Mode S geographical coverage. Operation of the ground stations
is the responsibility of the FAA. Refer to the AIM for a Terminal Mode S radar site map.

NOTE: TIS is unavailable at low altitudes in many areas of the United States. This is often the case in
mountainous regions.
TIS information is collected during a single radar sweep. Collected information is then sent through the
Mode S uplink on the next radar sweep. Because of this, the surveillance information is approximately five
seconds old. TIS ground station tracking software uses prediction algorithms to compensate for this delay.
These algorithms use track history data to calculate expected intruder positions consistent with the time of
display. Occasionally, aircraft maneuvering may cause variations in this calculation and create slight errors on
the Traffic Map Page. Errors affect relative bearing information and target track vector. This can cause a delay in
the displayed intruder information. However, intruder distance and altitude typically remain relatively accurate
and may be used to assist in spotting traffic.
The following errors are common examples:
• When the client or intruder aircraft maneuvers excessively or abruptly, the tracking algorithm may report
incorrect horizontal position until the maneuvering aircraft stabilizes.
• When a rapidly closing intruder is on a course that intercepts the client aircraft course at a shallow angle
(either overtaking or head-on) and either aircraft abruptly changes course within 0.25 nm, TIS may display
the intruder aircraft on the incorrect side of the client aircraft.
These are rare occurrences and are typically resolved within a few radar sweeps once the client/intruder
aircraft course stabilizes.
Pilots using TIS can provide valuable assistance in the correction of malfunctions by reporting observations
of undesirable performance. Reports should identify the time of observation, location, type and identity of
the aircraft, and describe the condition observed. Reports should also include the type of transponder and
transponder software version. Since TIS performance is monitored by maintenance personnel, not ATC,
malfunctions should be reported in the following ways:
• By telephone to the nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) facility
• By FAA Form 8000-7, Safety Improvement Report (postage-paid card can be obtained at FAA FSSs, General
Aviation District Offices, Flight Standards District Offices, and General Aviation Fixed Base Operators)

720 Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 APPENDIX F

DISPLAY SYMBOLS
NOTE: Refer to the GPS Navigation Section for the topography legend and the Hazard Avoidance Section
for XM Weather Product legends.

AIRPORT LINE SYMBOLS

Item Symbol Item Symbol
ICAO Control Area
Unknown Airport
Class B Airspace

Non-towered, Non-serviced Airport Mode C Tower Area

Warning Area Prohibited Area
Towered, Non-serviced Airport Alert Area Restricted Area
Caution Area Training Area
Non-towered, Serviced Airport Danger Area Unknown Area
Class C
Terminal Radar Service Area
Towered, Serviced Airport
Mode C Area

Restricted (Private) Airport Military Operations Area (MOA)

State or Province Border

Heliport
International Border
NAVAIDS Road
Item Symbol
Railroad
Intersection
Latitude/Longitude
LOM (compass locator at outer marker)

NDB (non-directional radio beacon)

VOR

VOR/DME

VOR/ILS

VORTAC

TACAN

190-00762-05 Rev. A Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 721
APPENDIX F

MISCELLANEOUS TRAFFIC
Item Symbol Traffic
Description
Symbol
ARTCC Frequency or FSS Frequency
Non-Threat Traffic

Default Map Pointer

Proximity Advisory (PA) (Not avialable with TIS

Elevation Pointer
Traffic Advisory (TA)

Wind Vector Traffic Advisory Off Scale

Measuring Pointer Resolution Advisory (RA) (TCAS II only)

Resolution Advisory Off Scale (TCAS II only)

Overzoom Indicator

Terrain Proximity or TAWS Enabled

Traffic Enabled

User Waypoint

Vertical Navigation Along Track Waypoint

Parallel Track Waypoint

Unanchored Flight Path Waypoint

Top of Descent (TOD)

Bottom of Descent (BOD)

Navigating using Dead Reckoning

722 Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 APPENDIX F

TERRAIN AVOIDANCE COLORS AND SYMBOLS

Potential Impact Point

Projected Flight Path Terrain above or

within 100 ft
100 ft Threshold below the aircraft
Unlighted Obstacle altitude

1000 ft Terrain Color Terrain Location

Red (WARNING) Terrain
Terrainbetween
above, or100
within 100
ft and ft below
1000 thethe
ft below aircraft altitude
aircraft altitude
Yellow (CAUTION) Terrain between 100 ft and 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude
Black Terrain more than 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude
Terrain more than 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude

On the TAWS Page only, a gray shade of purple indicates no terrain data is available.
TAWS Color Chart

TAWS Potential Impact Points

Unlighted Obstacle Lighted Obstacle Obstacle

Obstacle Location
Height < 1000 ft AGL > 1000 ft AGL < 1000 ft AGL > 1000 ft AGL Color
Red Obstacle within 100 ft of
Obstacle Symbol

(WARNING) or above aircraft altitude

Yellow Obstacle within 1000 ft of
(CAUTION) aircraft altitude
Obstacle more than 1000
Gray
ft below aircraft altitude
* Gray obstacles not shown on the TAWS Page.

Obstacle Symbols and Colors

190-00762-05 Rev. A Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 723
APPENDIX F

HAZARD AVOIDANCE FEATURES

Feature Symbol

Terrain Proximity/TAWS display enabled

Traffic display enabled

NEXRAD display enabled

Cloud Top display enabled

Echo Top display enabled

XM Lightning display enabled

Cell Movement display enabled

SIGMETs/AIRMETs display enabled

METARs display enabled

City Forecast display enabled

Surface Analysis display enabled

Freezing Levels display enabled

Winds Aloft display enabled

County Warnings display enabled

Cyclone Warnings display enabled

Icing Potential (CIP and SLD) (ICNG)

Pilot Weather Report (PIREPs)

Air Report (AIREPs)

Turbulence (TURB)

Loss of hazard avoidance feature

(due to loss of GPS position)

724 Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 INDEX

A ILS----------------------------------------------------------532
Loading--------------------------------------- 260, 298, 300
Abnormal engine operations------------------------------119
Missed-----------------------------------------------------534
Access Code-------------------------------------------------384
Removing--------------------------------------------------301
Activate a Flight Plan---------------------------------------263
WAAS------------------------------------------------------533
Active database-------------------------------------- 695, 696
Approach channel----------------------------------- 260, 298
Active frequency------------------------------------- 128, 149
Approach Mode-------------------------------------- 518, 532
ADF---------------------------------------------------------158
Approach Mode, AFCS-------------------------------------533
AC-U-KWIK------------------------------------- 539, 599, 699
Approach Service Levels-----------------------------------296
ADF
APR softkey------------------------------------------- 300, 308
ADF mode------------------------------------ 139, 158, 160
Arrival procedure------245, 258, 292, 294, 325, 328, 337
ANT mode------------------------------------------ 139, 160
ATC----------------------------------------------------- 666, 689
ADF/BFO---------------------------------------------- 139, 160
Attitude---------------------------------------------------------- 1
ADF/DME tuning--------------------------------------------161
Attitude & Heading Reference System (AHRS)-29, 31, 669,
Advisories, CAS--------------------------------------- 665–666
671, 673, 675, 676, 677, 678
AFCS status box---------------------------------------------- 62
Attitude Indicator------------------------62, 67, 67–68, 480
Airborne Color Weather Radar----------------------------409
Audio Panel Fail-Safe Operation--------------------------181
Aircraft symbol----------------------------------------------- 68
Aural alerts--------------------------------------------------689
Air Data Computer------------------------------31, 669, 671
Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS)--------- 491–497
AIREP---------------------------------------------------------379
Alerts and annunciations------------------------ 536–537
Airport
Controls-------------------------------------------- 492–493
Information-----------------------------------------------221
Status Box-------------------------------------------------495
Nearest----------------------------------------------------- 52
Automatic squelch------------------------------------------137
Airport Directory------------------ 539, 599, 600, 601, 699
Automatic Thrust Reserve (ATR)------------------- 105–106
Airspace Alerts----------------------------------------------237
Autopilot----------------------------------------491, 520–522
Airspeed Indicator------------------------------------------- 64
Autopilot Disconnect-------------------------------- 493, 512
Airspeed Reference-------------------------62, 65, 502–503
Auto-tuning--------------------------------------------------156
Airspeed Reference Bug------------------------------------ 62
Auto-tuning, COM------------------------------------------132
Airways-------------------------------------------------------- 22
Auto-tuning, NAV-------------------------------------------152
Collapsed--------------------------------------------------276
Auto Zoom---------------------------------------------------189
Expanded--------------------------------------------------276
Auxiliary Pages (AUX)--------------------------------------- 40
Alerts
AUX - system status page-557, 559, 579, 580, 596, 597,
Airspace---------------------------------------------------- 49
598, 601
Alerts, Aircraft-----------------------------------------------662
Aviation Symbols------------------------------------- 201, 245
Along Track Offset------------------------------------------268
ALT------------------------------------------------------------341
Altimeter--------------------------------------------------62, 69
B
Altitude alerting---------------------------------------------- 92 Backlighting----------------------------------------------58, 59
Altitude buffer------------------------------------------------ 49 Barometric Altimeter Setting------------------------------- 62
Altitude constraints-----------------------------------------284 Barometric setting-------------------------------------- 70–71
Altitude Hold Mode----------------------------------------500 Baro Transition Alert----------------------------------------- 72
Altitude trend vector---------------------------------------- 69 Basic Empty Weight----------------------------------------309
Annunciations Basic Operating Weight------------------------------------309
Test tone---------------------------------------------------- 53 Battery indications----------------------------------- 104, 108
Annunciations, Prodigy System---------------------------- 30 Bearing/distance, measuring------------------------------196
Annunciator lights------------------------------------------173 Bearing information windows----------------------------- 63
ANT/BFO-----------------------------------------------------160 Bearing Line------------------------------------------ 420, 424
Antenna Stabilization--------------------------------------425 Bearing pointer----------------------------------------------- 78
Antenna Tilt--------------------------------------------------422 Bearing source----------------------------------------------- 79
AOPA-------------------------------------------- 539, 599, 699
AOPA Airport Directory-------------------------------------602 C
Approach-----------------------------------------------------716 Cabin speaker-----------------------------------------------173
Activating-------------------------------------------------301 Calibrated Airspeed-----------------------------------------305

190-00762-05 Rev. A Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide I-1
INDEX

Cargo---------------------------------------------------------310 Deleting an entire airway--------------------------- 265, 266

CAS Window-------------------------------------------------- 63 Deleting an entire procedure----------------------- 265, 266
Cautions, CAS---------------------------------------- 663–665 Deleting an individual waypoint------------------- 265, 266
CDI---------------------------- 295, 316, 328, 336, 343, 683 Deleting Flight Plan Items---------------------------------265
Cell Movement----------------------------------------------365 Density Altitude---------------------------------------------307
Chart Not Available---------------------------------- 562, 583 Departure
Chart options----------------------------------------- 570, 590 Select------------------------------------289, 292, 298, 301
CHART SETUP box----------------------------------- 576, 594 Timer-------------------------------------------------------- 55
ChartView---------------------------------539, 560, 561, 579 Departure procedure--------------------256, 270, 289, 291
Checklists--------------------------------------------- 650–651 Departure Time----------------------------------------------305
Checklist softkeys-------------------------------------------650 Digital audio entertainment---------------------------------- 4
City Forecast-------------------------------------------------370 Dilution of Precision (DOP)-----------------------------33, 36
Clearance Recorder and Player---------------------------175 Direct-to-214, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 282, 283, 326, 328,
Closest Point-------------------------------------------------276 343
Cloud Tops---------------------------------------------------363 Display backup----------------------------------------- 28, 125
CLR Key-------------------------------------------------------172 DME
Code selection softkeys------------------------------------169 HOLD mode-----------------------------------------------161
COM channel spacing--------------------------------------136 NAV1 mode-----------------------------------------------161
COM Frequency Box----------------------------------- 62, 128 NAV2 mode-----------------------------------------------161
Command Bars----------------------------------------------497 Tuning mode--------------------------------------- 158, 161
Comparator window------------------------------------63, 90 DME audio---------------------------------------------------150
COM radio DME information--------------------------------------------- 79
Channel spacing------------------------------------------ 52 DME information windows--------------------------------- 63
COM Tuning Failure-----------------------------------------180 Dual navigation database---------------------------------696
Connext Data Request-------------------------------------391
Controls E
Softkeys------------------------------------------------ 14–17 Echo Tops----------------------------------------------------362
Control Wheel Steering (CWS)--------------------- 493, 521 Electrical indications--------------------------------- 108, 114
Copy a Flight Plan------------------------------------------263 Electronic checklists--------------------------- 650, 651, 652
County Warnings--------------------------------------------375 Emergency checklist----------------------------------------651
Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)----------------- 52, 62, 80 Emergency frequency---------------------------------------180
CPDLC----------------------------------------------------vii, 666 Engine failure------------------------------------------------119
Crew Alerting System (CAS)------------------------ 661–667 Engine fire---------------------------------------------------119
Messages------------------------------------------- 661–666 Engine Indication System (EIS)--------------------- 104–111
Cyclone-------------------------------------------------------376 Engine maintenance----------------------------------------118
Engine rotation speeds----------------------------- 104, 106
D Entering Flight ID-------------------------------------------162
Data Bar fields, MFD---------------------------------------- 51 Entertainment Inputs---------------------------------------176
Database------------------------------------------------ 26, 693 Environmental Control System (ECS)------------- 112–113
Database Synchronization-------------------- 694, 700, 701 Estimated Landing Fuel------------------------------------311
Data link-------------------------------------------------------- 1 Estimated Position Error (EPE)-------------------------33, 36
Data Link Receiver----------------------------------- 659, 691 Ethernet------------------------------------------------------- 27
Data Link Receiver troubleshooting----------------------658 Excess Fuel Weight-----------------------------------------311
Date and time------------------------------------------------ 47 Export Flight Plan-------------------------------------------690
Day/Night Views------------------------------------- 576, 594
Day View---------------------------------------------- 577, 595 F
DB Mismatch------------------------------------------------693 Failure
Dead reckoning---------------------------------------------- 97 Input-------------------------------------------------------- 30
Decision Height---------------------------------------------- 63 Field of View (SVS)------------------------------------------212
Declutter------------------------------------------------------ 23 Flap Indicator----------------------------------------- 104, 110
Declutter, display--------------------------------------------- 99 Flight director-----------------------------------491, 494–495
Delete Flight Plans------------------------------------------264 Modes, lateral------------------------------------- 513–537

I-2 Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 INDEX

Modes, vertical------------------------------------ 498–512 GPS Window-------------------------------------------------701

Switching--------------------------------------------------496 Ground Mapping--------------------------------------------427
Flight ID------------------------------------------------------172 Groundspeed------------------------------------------------- 56
Flight instruments--------------------------------------- 61–76 GRS 77---------------------------------------------------------- 1
Flight Level Change Mode-------------------------- 502, 528 GTX 33----------------------------------------------------1, 162
Flight plan GWX 68------------------------------------------------------409
Closest point to reference------------------------------276 GWX 70------------------------------------------------------409
Storing-----------------------------------------------------716
Flight Plan Window------------------------------------------ 63 H
Flight timer---------------------------------------------------- 55 Heading Bug----------------------------------------------62, 75
FliteCharts-------------------------------------------- 539, 581 Heading indicator-------------------------------------------- 62
FliteCharts cycle---------------------------------------------597 Heading Select Mode--------------------------------------515
FliteCharts expiration--------------------------------------597 HI SENS-------------------------------------------------------157
FliteCharts functions---------------------------------------582 Horizontal Scan-------418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 425, 426
FPA----------------------------------------------------- 284, 333 Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)--------------62, 74–76
Freezing Levels----------------------------------------------371 HSI double green arrow------------------------------------149
Frequency HSI magenta arrow-----------------------------------------149
Nearest----------------------------------------------------234 HSI single green arrow-------------------------------------149
Frequency spacing------------------------------------------136 Hurricane (Cyclone)-----------------------------------------376
Frequency transfer arrow----------------------------------129
Frequently asked questions--------------------------------715 I
Fuel
Icing-----------------------------------------------------------377
Efficiency--------------------------------------------------307
IDENT function----------------------------------------------172
Endurance-------------------------------------------------307
ID indicator--------------------------------------------------152
Remaining-------------------------------------------------307
ILS approach-------------------------------------------------532
Required---------------------------------------------------307
Imminent Obstacle Impact (IOI)------------------- 438, 452
Fuel indications-------------------------------- 104, 108, 115
Import Flight Plan-------------------------------------------690
Fuel on Board---------------------------------- 307, 310, 311
Indicated airspeed------------------------------------------- 64
Fuel Statistics------------------------------------------------307
Indicated Altitude-------------------------------------------305
Infrared Satellite--------------------------------------------397
G Initialization (system)---------------------------------------- 26
Gain-----------------------------------------------------------423 Inset Map-------------------------------------------- 15, 22, 63
Garmin AFCS------------------1, 2, 11, 491, 496, 513, 523 Intercom------------------------------------------------------174
Garmin Connext--------------------------------------------539 Intersection
Garmin Flight Data Services-------------------------------653 Information---------------------------------------- 222–223
GDL 69/69A---------------------------------------------------- 1 Interstage Turbine Temperature (ITT)-------------- 104, 119
GDU 1040------------------------------------------------------ 1 Inverting a flight plan--------------------------------------263
GEA 71---------------------------------------------------------- 1 IOI------------------------------------------684, 685, 686, 687
Geodetic Sea Level (GSL)--------------------------- 431, 445 Iridium------------------------------------------------- 602, 615
GIA 63----------------------------------------------------------- 1 Iridium satellite network--------- 602, 603, 620, 622, 624
Glidepath-----------------------------------------------------341
Glidepath Indicator--------------------------------------63, 73 J
Glidepath Mode-------------------------------------- 509, 518
Jeppesen navigation database----------------------------694
Glidepath Mode (GP)---------------------------------------533
Glideslope----------------------------------------------------341
Glideslope indicator----------------------------------------- 73
K
Glideslope Mode------------------------------------- 511, 532 Key(s)--------------------------------------------------------- 8, 9
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Navigation----------------------------------------- 239–344 L
Receiver information--------------------------------- 32–34 Landing Field Elevation (LFE)-----------------------------108
GMA 1347---------------------------------------------1, 26, 58 Landing gear status--------------------------------- 104, 109
GMU 44--------------------------------------------------------- 1 Land Symbols------------------------------------------------200
Go Around Mode------------------------------512, 534–535 Lateral modes, flight director----------------------- 513–537

190-00762-05 Rev. A Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide I-3
INDEX

Lightning, Garmin Connext--------------------------------398 Navigation (NAV) frequency box-------------------------- 62

Lightning, SiriusXM-----------------------------------------364 Navigation source-------------------------------------- 80–82
LNAV----------------------------------------------------------316 Nav radio selection-----------------------------------------149
LO SENS------------------------------------------------------157 Nearest
Low Altitude Annunciation--------------------------------- 93 Airports---------------------------------------- 52, 234–237
LPV----------------------------------------------- 316, 343, 523 VOR------------------------------------------------- 234–235
Nearest Airport-------------------- 218, 219, 220, 221, 300
M Minimum Runway Length------------------------------221
Mach number------------------------------------------------ 64 Surface Matching----------------------------------------221
Mach number indicator------------------------------------- 62 Nearest airports, frequency tuning-----------------------132
Magnetometer-------------------------------------------- 1, 30 Nearest Airports Page------------------------- 219, 220, 221
Map pages---------------------------------------------------- 39 Nearest Pages (NRST)--------------------------------------- 41
Map Panning------------------------------------------------191 NEXRAD-------------------------------------------22, 357, 394
Marker beacon----------------------------------------- 91, 157 Night view-------------------------------------------- 577, 595
MASQ processing-------------------------------------------121 NO COMP----------------------------------------------------668
Measurement units, changing displayed----------------- 48 Non-path descent------------------------------507, 530–531
Menus--------------------------------------------------------- 37 Normal operating mode------------------------------------ 27
Messages
Reminder--------------------------------------------------- 56 O
Messages window------------------------------------------649 Obstacles---------------------------------------------- 675, 678
METAR------------------------------------------------- 367, 400 Odometer----------------------------------------------------- 56
MFD Data Bar fields----------------------------------------- 51 Oil, engine-------------------------------------------- 104, 106
Minimum Anti-Ice N1 Bug-------------------------- 106, 117 Omni-Bearing Selector (OBS)----------------- 85, 716–717
Minimum Descent altitude (MDA)--------------------63, 94 Other Statistics--------------------------------------- 305, 307
MISCOMP----------------------------------------------------668 Outside Air Temperature (OAT)---------------------------105
Missed Approach----------- 245, 302, 312, 316, 343, 534 Overspeed protection, autopilot--------------------------498
MKR/MUTE--------------------------------------------------157 Overview-------------------------------------------------------- 1
Mode S------------------------------------------------ 162, 168
GTX 33/33D Controls-----------------------------------163 P
GTX 33/33D Mode Selection---------------------------164 Page groups--------------------------------------------- 38–41
TCAS II Transponder Controls--------------------------166 Parallel Track------------------------------------------ 269, 270
TCAS II Transponder Mode Selection------------------167 Passenger----------------------------------------------------310
Mode selection softkeys--------- 163, 164, 166, 167, 169 Passenger Address (PA) System---------------------------175
Morse code identifier---------------------------------------152 PFD failure---------------------------------------------------180
Multi Function Display (MFD) Pilot and Stores Weight------------------------------------309
Softkeys----------------------------------------------------- 21 Pilot profiles--------------------------------------------- 44–45
Music 1 & 2--------------------------------------------------177 PIREP-------------------------------------------------- 379, 405
Pitch Hold Mode--------------------------------------------499
N Pitch indication----------------------------------------------- 67
N1 gauge---------------------------------------106–107, 119 Power ON settings------------------------------------------173
N1 Transient Limit-------------------------------------------106 Power-up page----------------------------------------------650
N2 indications-----------------------------------------------106 Predefined message--------------------------- 628, 630, 631
National Weather Service----------------------------------375 Pressure, oil------------------------------------------- 104, 106
NAV1 & NAV 2 Audio--------------------------------------150 Pressurization-----------------------------------------------108
Navigation database-------------------------- 284, 285, 675 Primary Flight Display (PFD)
Navigation Map---------------------------------------------242 Softkeys------------------------------------------------ 14–16
Navigation Mode----------------------- 516–517, 526–527 Procedures
Navigation mode selection--------------------------------149 GFC 700-------------------------------------------- 523–535

I-4 Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 INDEX

Q Servos------------------------------------------------------------ 5
Servos, AFCS-------------------------------------------------491
Quick tuning 121.500 MHz-------------------------------131
SIGMET------------------------------------------------ 366, 399
R Simultaneous COM Operation----------------------------175
SiriusXM
Radar Altimeter---------------------------------------------- 63 radio------------------------------------------------- 348, 643
Radar altitude------------------------------------------------ 95 Receiver troubleshooting-------------------------------658
Radar, Weather----------------------------------------------409 XM Satellite Weather------------------------------------348
RAIM-------------------------------- 295, 312, 313, 314, 315 SiriusXM active channel-----------------------------------645
Range---------------------------------------------------------210 SiriusXM channel list---------------------------------------645
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)-3 3 – 3 4 , SiriusXM lightning------------------------------------------- 23
312, 715 SiriusXM presets--------------------------------------------646
Register-------------------------------------------------------384 SiriusXM radio volume-------------------------------------647
Reminder messages----------------------------------------- 56 SiriusXM Satellite Radio-----------------------------------643
Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC)-------------- 438, 452 SiriusXM Satellite Weather
Required Vertical Speed------------------------------------334 AIRMETs---------------------------------------------------366
Required Vertical Speed Indicator (RVSI)--------- 334, 335 SiriusXM Weather
Resolution Advisory (RA)--------------------------- 479, 480 AIRMETs---------------------------------------------------399
Reversionary Mode-----------------------------------------182 SIGMETs---------------------------------------------------399
Reversionary Sensor----------------------------------------669 SiriusXM weather/radio--------------------------------------- 4
Reversionary Sensor Window--------------------------63, 90 Slip/Skid indicator----------------------------------------62, 67
ROC----------------------------------------684, 685, 686, 687 SMS-----------------------------------------------------------539
Roll Hold Mode---------------------------------------------514 Softkeys----------------------------------------------14–17, 62
RS-232-------------------------------------------------------- 2, 4 LTNG-------------------------------------------------------364
RS-485----------------------------------------------------------- 3 Speaker-------------------------------------------------------173
Runway Speed brake status---------------------------------- 104, 109
Minimum length------------------------------------------- 52 Stabilization, Antenna--------------------------------------425
Surface------------------------------------------------------ 52 Standby frequency----------------------------- 128, 132, 149
RX indicator--------------------------------------------------129 ADF---------------------------------------------------------158
Standby frequency field------------------------------------128
S Standby Navigation Database--------------------- 696, 698
SafeTaxi------------------------------------------ 539, 554, 557 Static air temperature (SAT)----------------------------62, 87
SafeTaxi database-------------------------------------------558 Stereo headsets---------------------------------------------173
SBAS-------------------------- 312, 314, 315, 673, 678, 715 Stuck Microphone------------------------------------------180
Scheduler------------------------------ 56–57, 539–540, 648 Sunrise--------------------------------------------------------306
SD card-------------------------------------------------------- 25 Sunset--------------------------------------------------------306
Sector Scan--------------------------------------------------424 Surface Analysis---------------------------------------------370
Secure Digital (SD) card----------------------------- 650, 693 SVT------------------------------------------------------------683
Selected Altitude-- 62, 69, 499, 500, 501, 502, 504, 508 SVT troubleshooting----------------------------------------656
Selected altitude bug---------------------------------------- 62 Symbols, map------------------------------------------------721
Selected Altitude Capture Mode-------499, 500, 501, 504 Synoptics---------------------------------------------- 111–118
Selected Altitude Intercept Arc----------------------------213 Synthetic vision (SVS)------------------------------- 539, 540
Selected Course----------------------------------63, 516, 519 System alerting----------------------------------------------- 90
Selected Heading---------------------- 11, 63, 76, 492, 515 System annunciations--------------------------------- 30, 670
Selecting a COM radio-------------------------------------128 System message advisories--------------------------------673
Sensor------------------------------------------------- 668, 669 System Setup Page------------------------------------------ 43
Sequencing, automatic-------------------------------------717 System Status Page------------------------------------------ 53
Service Class-------------------------------------------------644 System time-----------------------------------------------48, 62

190-00762-05 Rev. A Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide I-5
INDEX

T Tilt Line-------------------------------------------------------422
Timer----------------------------------------------------------683
TAF----------------------------------------------------- 367, 400
Departure--------------------------------------------------- 55
Takeoff Mode------------------------------------------------512
Flight-------------------------------------------------------- 55
TAS Traffic
Timer, PFD generic------------------------------------------- 54
Non-Threat Traffic--------------------------------- 470, 478
Time, system-------------------------------------------------- 47
PA----------------------------------------------------------478
Toggling ADF frequencies---------------------------------159
Proximity Advisory---------------------------------------478
TOPO DATA------------------------------------- 197, 198, 207
TAS---------------------------------------------------------673
Top of Descent (TOD)-------------------------- 333, 334, 340
TAWS- 92, 431, 438, 444, 452, 463, 465, 685, 686, 687
Topographical data------------------------------------------ 22
TAWS-A------------------------------------------------- 92, 445
TOPO SCALE-------------------------------------------------199
TAWS-A Alerts
Total air temperature (TAT)-----------------------------62, 87
Excessive below Glideslope/Glidepath----------------461
Track indicator------------------------------------------------ 62
Excessive Closure Rate Alert----------------------------455
Traffic---------------------------------------------------------- 22
Excessive Descent Rate Alert---------------------------455
Traffic Advisory (TA)--------------------------- 418, 479, 689
Flap Override Annunciation-----------------------------457
Traffic annunciation-------------------------------------63, 91
Flight Into Terrain Alert----------------------------------456
Traffic Information Service (TIS)--------------470, 719–720
Inhibiting FLTA and PDA Alerts-------------------------454
Transponder-----------------------------------------------17, 18
Inhibiting GPWS Alerts----------------------------------460
Transponder code entry------------------------------------169
Negative Climb Rate After Takeoff Alert--------------458
Transponder data box--------------------------------------121
orward Looking Terrain Avoidance--------------------453
Transponder mode field----------------------- 121, 165, 169
Premature Descent Alerting----------------------------454
Transponder standby mode------------------------ 164, 168
TAWS Annunciation----------------------------------------- 63
Transponder status box------------------------------------- 62
TAWS-A Page------------------------------------------------449
Trend vector, airspeed--------------------------------------- 64
TAWS-B-------------------------------------------------------431
Trend vector, altitude---------------------------------------- 69
System Status---------------------------------------------443
Trend vector, turn rate--------------------------------------- 78
TAWS-B Alerts-----------------------------------------------437
Trim Indicator----------------------------------- 104, 110, 120
Excessive Descent Rate Alert---------------------------438
Trip Planning------------------------------------ 305, 306, 307
Five-Hundred Aural Alert--------------------------------441
Trip Statistics--------------------------------------56, 306, 307
Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA)-----------439
True Airspeed (TAS)------------------------------------ 62, 307
Negative Climb Rate After Takeoff Alert--------------441
Tuning ADF frequencies------------------------------------159
Premature Descent Alerting----------------------------440
Turbulence---------------------------------------------------378
TAWS-B Page------------------------------------------------435
Turn anticipation--------------------------------------------717
TCAS II Traffic------------------------------------------------478
Turn Rate Indicator--------------------------------------62, 78
Operation--------------------------------------------------483
TX indicator--------------------------------------------------129
Resolution advisories------------------------------------480
Symbology-------------------------------------------------478
System Status---------------------------------------------489
U
System Test------------------------------------------------482 Unable to display chart----------------------------- 562, 583
TCAS II Alerts---------------------------------------------479 Updating Garmin databases------------------------------558
Telephone-------------------------4, 40, 539, 602, 603, 604 User-Defined Holding Pattern---------------------- 277, 279
TEMP COMP minimums-----------------------------------300 Using XM Radio---------------------------------------------644
Temperature compensated altitude----------------------303
Temperature, oil-------------------------------------- 104, 106 V
Temperature, Outside Air (OAT)---------------------------105 Vertical deviation-------------------------------------- 70, 506
Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs)---------------------381 Vertical deviation guidance-------------------------------285
Terminal procedures charts------------------------- 562, 583 Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI)------------------ 334, 335
Terrain--------------------------22, 438, 452, 675, 684, 685 Vertical navigation------------------------------------------284
Color indications-----------------------------------------723 Direct-to---------------------------------------------------283
Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS)- 92, 431, Vertical Navigation flight control------------------ 504–508
445 Vertical Path Tracking Mode------------------504–505, 529
Text Messages----------------------------624, 626, 628, 632 Vertical Scan------------------------------------------ 421, 422
Thrust rating-------------------------------------------------107 Vertical speed guidance-----------------------------------285
Tilt, Antenna------------------------------------------ 421, 422 Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)---------------62, 63, 72, 480

I-6 Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
 INDEX

Vertical Speed Mode---------------------------------------501

VFR code-----------------------------------------------------166
VNAV---------------------------------------------------------244
VNAV Target Altitude-------------------------------- 504–507
VNAV Target Altitude Capture Mode--------------------508
VNV---------------------------------------------- 333, 683, 684
VNV guidance
Disabling--------------------------------------------------282
Enabling---------------------------------------------------282
VNV indications, PFD---------------------------------------- 89
Voice alerts, TIS Traffic--------------------------------------474
Voltmeter, battery------------------------------------ 104, 108
Volume-------------------------------------------------------647
VOR
Nearest--------------------------------------------- 234–235
VOR selection------------------------------------------------149
VSI-------------------------------------------------------------335
Vspeeds----------------------------------------------63, 65–66
VS TGT------------------------------------------------- 284, 333

W
WAAS-------------------------------------------------- 316, 715
WAAS precision approach---------------------------------533
WATCH-------------------------------------------------------425
Waypoint Pages
Automatic sequencing----------------------------------717
Skipping---------------------------------------------------717
WPT--------------------------------------------------------- 39
Waypoint Selection Submenu----------240, 248, 252, 313
Weather Attenuated Color Highlight--------------------425
Weather Radar Weather Alert-----------------------------426
Wi-Fi------------------------------------------------ 4, 636, 640
Wind--------------------------------------------------- 208, 209
Wind data-------------------------------------------------63, 88
Winds Aloft------------------------------------------- 372, 402

X
XM Radio Entertainment----------------------------------177
XPDR softkey-----------------------------164, 166, 167, 169

Z
Zoom
Auto--------------------------------------------------------189

190-00762-05 Rev. A Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide I-7
INDEX

Blank Page

I-8 Embraer Prodigy® Flight Deck 300 Pilot’s Guide 190-00762-05 Rev. A
Garmin International, Inc. Garmin AT, Inc. Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Garmin Corporation
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