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    Control,: Optimization

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    Rohan lall
    This document provides an overview of distillation control, optimization, and tuning fundamentals and strategies. It covers topics such as distillation control variables, separation power, material balances, control strategies, constraints, product quality optimization, PID control loops, controller tuning methods, and open-loop testing of process response. The overall aim is to provide guidance on controlling distillation columns and optimizing their performance.

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    Control,: Optimization

    Uploaded by

    Rohan lall
    53 views5 pages
    This document provides an overview of distillation control, optimization, and tuning fundamentals and strategies. It covers topics such as distillation control variables, separation power, material balances, control strategies, constraints, product quality optimization, PID control loops, controller tuning methods, and open-loop testing of process response. The overall aim is to provide guidance on controlling distillation columns and optimizing their performance.

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    This document provides an overview of distillation control, optimization, and tuning fundamentals and strategies. It covers topics such as distillation control variables, separation power, material balances, control strategies, constraints, product quality optimization, PID control loops, controller tuning methods, and open-loop testing of process response. The overall aim is to provide guidance on controlling distillation columns and optimizing their performance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    53 views5 pages

    Control,: Optimization

    Uploaded by

    Rohan lall
    This document provides an overview of distillation control, optimization, and tuning fundamentals and strategies. It covers topics such as distillation control variables, separation power, material balances, control strategies, constraints, product quality optimization, PID control loops, controller tuning methods, and open-loop testing of process response. The overall aim is to provide guidance on controlling distillation columns and optimizing their performance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    DISTILLATION

    CONTROL,
    OPTIMIZATION,
    AND TUNING
    Fundamentals and Strategies

    LANNY ROBBINS

    CRC Press
    Taylor &.Francis Group
    Boca Raton London New York

    CRC Press is an imprint of the

    Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business


    Contents

    The Author ix

    1 Introduction and Overview 1

    Learning Objectives 1
    1.1 Course Coverage 1
    The Scientific Method 2
    1.2 Purpose 4
    1.3 Audience and Prerequisites 4
    1.4 Study Materials 5
    1.5 Organization and Sequence 5
    1.6 Course Objectives 5
    1.7 Course Length 6
    References 6

    2 Distillation Control Variables 7

    Learning Objectives 7
    2.1 Distillation Column Inlet Streams 8
    2.2 Distillation System Outlet Streams 9
    2.3 Controlled Variables 9
    2.4 Summary 10
    Exercises 11
    Reference 11

    3 Separation Power 13
    Learning Objectives 13
    3.1 Relative Volatility in One Theoretical Stage 13

    V
    vi Contents

    3.2 Separation Power with Multiple Stages 16


    3.3 Separation Power and Energy Consumption 18
    3.4 Summary 20
    Exercises 21
    References 21

    4 Distillate/Feed Material Balance Split 23


    Learning Objectives 23
    4.1 Material Balances 24
    4.2 Temperature Gradient per Theoretical 26
    Stage
    4.3 Temperature Change from D/F Shift 27
    4.4 Summary 29
    Exercises 30
    Reference 31

    5 Distillation Control Strategies 33

    Learning Objectives 33
    5.1 Column Pressure Control 34
    5.2 Temperature Control with Distillate Flow Rate 34
    5.3 Temperature Control with Reflux Flow Rate 37
    5.4 Temperature Control with Boilup (Steam Flow
    Rate) 38
    5.5 Temperature Control with Bottoms Flow Rate 40
    5.6 Side Draw Flow Rate 41
    5.7 Distillate
    Vapor Flow Rate 42
    5.8 Summary 43
    Exercises 43
    Reference 44

    6 Constraints 45
    Learning Objectives 45
    6.1 Mechanical and Hydraulic Constraints 45
    6.2 Heat Transfer Constraints 47
    6.3 Stripping Mass Transfer Constraint 47
    6.4 Rectification (Absorption) Mass Transfer

    Constraint 50
    6.5 Summary 53
    Contents vii

    Exercises 53
    References 55

    7 Optimizing Product Quality Performance 57


    Learning Objectives 57
    7.1 Quality Performance Measurement 58
    7.2 Frequency of Failure 59
    7.3 Optimize MRT between Distillate and Bottoms

    Quality 60
    7.4 Avoid Excessive Use of Steam 62
    7.5 Reduce Variability 63
    7.6 Optimize with Expert System Advisor 65
    7.7 Summary 70
    Exercises 70
    References 71

    8 PID Feedback Control Loop 73


    Learning Objectives 73
    8.1 The Feedback Control 74
    Loop
    8.2 Proportional Action 75
    8.3 Integral Action 76
    8.4 Derivative Action 77
    8.5 Parallel and Series Algorithms 77
    8.6 Summary 78
    Exercises 78
    Reference 78

    9 Closed-Loop Tuning of Controllers 79


    Learning Objectives 79
    9.1 Trial-and-Error Tuning of Control Loops 81
    9.2 Ultimate Gain Tuning of Control Loops 82
    9.3 Troubleshooting an Oscillating Control Loop 84
    9.4 Quarter Decay Ratio Tuning of Control Loops 85
    9.5 Pattern Recognition Tuning of Self-Regulating
    Control Loops 86
    9.6 Effect of Proportional Gain 90
    9.7 Effect of Integral (Reset) Action 93
    viii Contents

    9.8 Recognition Tuning of Integrating


    Pattern

    Control
    Loops 99
    9.9 Summary 102

    Exercises 102
    References 103

    10 Open-Loop Testing of Process Response 105


    Learning Objectives 105
    10.1 Self-Regulating Process Response 106
    10.2 Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) Open-Loop Tuning Rules
    of Thumb 107
    10.3 Two-Point Characterization of FOPDT Process

    Response 110

    10.4 Quarter Decay Ratio


    (QDR) Tuning Rules 112

    10.5 Internal Model Control (IMC) Tuning Rules 113


    10.6 Integrating Process Response 114
    10.7 Summary 116
    Exercises 117

    References 117

    Appendix: Solutions to Chapter Exercises 119

    Index 127

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