Philippine Politics and Governance

11
Philippine Politics and

Governance
First Quarter
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
COPYRIGHT PAGE
Learning Activity Sheet

Philippine Politics and Governance
Grade 11
Copyright @ 2020
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i
Table of Contents
Learning Competency Page
Explain the concept, relationship and importance of politics,

governance and government 1
Differentiate the political ideologies 20
Analyze the nature, dimensions/types, and consequences of power 36
Analyze the relationships among nations and states in the context of

globalization 49
Analyze the evolution of Philippine Politics and Governance 62
Analyze the roles and powers of the executive branch of the government 86
Differentiate the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Senate and the 102
House of Representatives
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PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND
GOVERNANCE
Name: Grade Level:
Section: Date:
THE CONCEPT, RELATIONSHIP AND IMPORTANCE OF POLITICS,

GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT
BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS
Great day everyone! Buckle up! Be ready for the series of journey you are to
take today. Let us begin by excavating the significant concepts pertaining to politics,
governance and government. What do you think is the concept, relationship and
importance of these terms? Maybe you already have an idea about these. Lets’ take
a look at this.
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all

1
Looking at the images above, what term can we associate with it? You are
correct! Politics.
POLITICS
 Politics defined as that which concerns the state. It includes interactions between
states in the international arena; the activities of politicians; and activities such as
voting (in national, regional or local elections) through which individual citizens
engage with the state.
 Keller, Larry (2018) shared that politics is the process by which governance is
done.
 Young, Randy (2018) expresses that politics tend to be the viewpoint of the
person in power as to how he would treat those being governed.
 Karlson, Adamson (2015) states that politics is the study and methods of power.
 Durant, Eva (2018) articulates that politics is doing governing - through
democratic dialogue, voters are supposed to be aware/well informed of the
choices offered by the political parties, and at election times, make their choice
accordingly for the politics they deem to be the best chance to work in their
interest.
 Denotes a social activity
 Creation, maintenance, and amendment of social norms or rules
 It is an art and science of the government
 It is the realm of public affairs of the state

2
Study the next set of images.
What about these pictures? What concept are they depicting? Yes, the
term government.
GOVERNMENT
 Business Dictionary defines government as a group of people that governs a
community or unit. It sets and administers public policy and exercises executive,
political and sovereign power through customs, institutions, and laws within a
state. A government can be classified into many types- democracy, republic,
monarchy, aristocracy, and dictatorship are just a few.
 It is the structure for governance.

3
 Durant, Eva (2018) explains that government is the set-up that governs -
managing the country, the economy, the main social institutions etc.
 It has “control and domination”
 It refers to a central institution which wields power over its subjects.
 It is being in command over the affairs of the people.
 It is always the main actor in governance.
 It is called the “public sector.”
 It is to study the exercise of authority. (Heywood, 1997)
 It is the government rules and controls.
 Good government also implies accountability, transparency,
participation, openness and the rule of law.
 It is a higher level of social order that exist primarily for the maintenance
and perpetuation of the community.
Now, let us move on to the third set of images.

4
Any reaction for the third set of pictures? Maybe you are confused because
the images are similar to the images in the second set. But no, don’t be confused,
the images are describing…Yes, governance!
GOVERNANCE
 The Webster’s Third New International Dictionary indicates that governance is a
synonym for government, or “the act or process of governing, specifically
authoritative direction and control”. Now let us see the concepts one by one, their
relationships, and its importance.
 Ruff, Dale (2019) defines it as the execution of power, in whatever forms,
policies, laws, decisions, etc. it chooses.
 It is the making of laws, policies, regulations, and distributing benefits to those
who are best represented through the political process and pain to the losers.
 It is the creation and implementation of policies in a political community, a polity.
 Blume, Klaus (2018) says, governance is the day to day administrative actions,
that are necessary to keep a modern society functioning.
 It would be the know-how and action to manage a government to achieve its
purpose.
 The word “governance” came from the Latin verb “gubernare,” or more originally
from the Greek word “kubernaein,” which means “to steer.” Basing on its
etymology, governance refers to the manner of steering or governing, or of
directing and controlling, a group of people or a state.
 It is the proper and effective utilization of resources.
 It has “decentralization and relational management.”
 It is associated with the concept of decentralization of power and the need for
inter- sectoral management.
 In broad terms, governance is about the institutional environment in which
citizens interact among themselves and with government agencies/officials.
(ADB, 2005)
 Institute on Governance defines it as the process whereby societies or
organizations make their important decisions, determine who has voice, who is
engaged in the process and how account is rendered. (IOG, 2006)
 It is the act or process of governing which focuses on the effectiveness of the
executive branch of government.
 Governance involves interaction between the formal institutions and those in civil
society.

5
 Governance refers to a process whereby elements in society wield power,
authority and influence and enact policies and decisions concerning public life
and social upliftment.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF POLITICS TO GOVERNANCE:
1. Politics are how we feel about that process of governance- Governance
transcends government to encompass the business sector and the civil
society. NEDA (2006)
2. Politics talks about governments, institutions, power, order, and the ideals
of justice- Governance is essentially related to politics, in that politics is
often defined as the Art of governance.
3. Politics is broader than governance- Governance is broader than
government.
4. To study of politics is in essence to study government or more broadly, to
study the exercise of authority- Governance is based on the realization that
the government cannot do everything for the people, so that in order to
survive the state should not only rely on government but also on the other
sectors of the society.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF POLITICS TO GOVERNMENT:
1. Politics talks about governments, institutions, power, order, and the ideals
of justice- Political scientists broadened the meaning of governance as
including, not just government’s actors, but also civil-society actors.
2. Politics is the art of government, the exercise of control within the society
through the making and enforcement of collective decisions. (Heywood
1997)- “Government” and “governance” are interchangeably used, both
denoting the exercise of authority in an organization, institution or state.
3. The conception of politics and government move beyond the narrow realm
of government to what is thought as “public life” or “public affairs.”-
Government can therefore be seen as one of the institutions in
governance; it is not possible to have governance without government.
(Heywood, 1997)
THE RELATIONSHIP OF GOVERNANCE TO GOVERNMENT:
1. Governance transcends government to encompass the business sector
and the civil society. NEDA (2006). While government can have a
connotation of being interested only in maintenance and in preserving
peace and order, governance implies leadership toward societal
development.
2. Governance is essentially related to politics, in that politics is often defined
as the Art of governance- Political scientists broadened the meaning of
governance as including, not just government’s actors, but also civil-society
actors.
3. Governance is broader than government- Government is almost always the
main actor in governance.
4. Governance is based on the realization that the government cannot do

6
everything for the people, so that in order to survive the state should not
only rely on government but also on the other sectors of the society- The
main

7
role of the public sector or government is to provide an enabling
environment for the other actors of governance to participate and respond
to the mandate of the common good.
5. Governance is especially important in the public sector or government
because you’re dealing with the public’s money, according to Adjunct
Professor Nigel Phair GAICD, the director of the Centre for Internet Safety
at the University of Canberra- “Government” and “governance” are
interchangeably used, both denoting the exercise of authority in an
organization, institution or state.
6. Governance issues pertain to the ability of government to develop an
efficient, effective, and accountable public management process that is
open to citizen participation and that strengthens rather than weakens a
democratic system of government- Government can therefore be seen as
one of the institutions in governance; it is not possible to have governance
without government. (Heywood, 1997).
7. Governance transcends government to encompass the business sector
and the civil society. NEDA (2006) - The exercise of authority is uppermost
in government and remains significance in governance but is no longer the
single focus. (UNDP, 2005).
IMPORTANCE OF POLITICS, GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT
POLITICS GOVERNANCE GOVERNMENT

You should know The people, most Protect the people's natural
what is going on especially the citizens, rights. What life would be
around you and will be aware of the like in a situation where
have a say in what is need for good there was no government
going on. For governance. and no laws. (John Locke,
example, if a new Consequently, such 1690, Two Treatises of Civil
law is made in your awareness should move Government)
area, you might want them to action.
to make sure that
you and the people
around you know
that a new law has
been made so that
no one breaks the
law without even
knowing it.
The political For their continued Create rules
decisions people empowerment and
make will affect sustainable
many lives. Every development, they have
vote that you make to know how to fight for
will either break their rights by knowing
people or make what to expect from
people. Each vote Philippine governance.

8
makes a difference
in the ways that
we live.
You should care Thus, what will follow is To protect people from
about politics an exposition of the conflicts and to provide law
because the basic concepts of and order.
decisions people governance, the ideal
make will affect type of governance, and
many lives. For the status of the
example, if Philippines vis-à-vis the
someone wanted to indicators of good
build on land, it governance.
might be good for
the people who
worked in the area,
but residents who
lived nearby and
loved the land and
relied on the land for
water and food,
might be
devastated.
To preserve and Providing support to the
strengthen stakeholder most disadvantaged.
confidence.
To provide the Government responsibilities
foundation for a high- have extended to the
performing organization economy and public
– the achievement of service.
goals and sustainable
success requires input
and support from all
levels of an
organization.
To ensure the To provide social programs
organization is well to its citizens.
placed to respond to a
changing external
environment –business
today operates in an
environment of constant
change.
Provide the parameters for

everyday behavior for
citizens, protect them from
outside interference, and
often provide for their well-
being and happiness.
9
1
Delivering basic services
like health and education.
Managing the economy in
uncertain economic times.
Making the big decisions for
the nations future.
Ensuring that all Filipinos
benefit from Philippines
wealth
Reducing government
spending so money can be
returned back to taxpayers
.Investing in infrastructure
including road rail and
broadband.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Explain the concept, relationship and importance of politics, governance and

government (Quarter 1, Week 1)
DIRECTIONS
Let’s Start!
Hello learner, please sign the learning agreement before answering the
different activities. ENJOY!
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: I hereby accept the responsibility to finish the activity package and submit it to my
_ _
Name of Student over Printed Name Date
HOW TO USE THIS MATERIAL?

1. Read and understand each part of the material.
2. You can open and browse the references below to help you in doing the
activities.
3. Give more focus on the background information for learners. Follow the
instructions. Ask the assistance of your parent/s, guardian, sibling/s or
anyone who can help you at home.

1
4. You are advice to do all the activities and submit it on time.
5. In case the internet connection is poor at your place, you can seek the help
of your classmate near you, to get all the instructions and copies of the
material.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: Pick Me Up!

Study the image below. Then look for the terms/words that can be
associated with politics, governance, and government. List down
your answers below.

1
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: Count Me In!
Write the number on the space inside the box that links up to the
description of the concepts written below.
Process by which
Execution of power governance is
done
Central institution
which wields power over its doing governing
subjects.
Study and methods of power Know-how and action to manage a government
The set-up that
governs - managing the
country
The exercise of authority Realm of public affairs of the state
Manage of governing, controlling, or directing a State
LITICS
2. GOVERNMENT
1. PO
3. GOVERNANCE

1
Guide Question:
1. How will you define the following?
A. Politics _ _
B. Governance _
C. Government _ _
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3: Connect Me!

In your own understanding, explain the relationship of politics and
government, governance and government, and politics and
governance. Write your answers on the space provided.
POLITICS
GOVERNANC E GOVERNMEN T

1
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4: Its Writing Time! In a minimum of 100 and a
maximum of 500 words, write an essay focusing on the question, as a
student, how can you prove that politics, governance, and government
are important? Write your answer on the space provided.
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Rubric for the activities except essay writing
SUPERIOR EXTRORDINARY CAPABLE SPECIFIED NEED TO DO

(20) (18) (15) (10) BETTER (9 and
below)
If the If the student If the If the student If the student
student filled out and student filled filled out and filled out and
filled out answered all the out and answered all answered all the
and activities but got answered all the activities activities but got
answered only 90% of the the activities but got only only 69% and
all the correct answer but got only 70% of the below
activities 80% of the correct
correctly correct answer
answer

1
Rubric for Learning Activity 4: Its Writing Time!
Criteria 4 3 2 1 Points
Earned
Introduction The The The Thesis
statement/topic statement/topic statement/topic statement/topic
idea sentence is idea sentence is idea sentence is idea sentence is
clear, correctly either unclear or unclear and unclear and
placed, and incorrectly incorrectly incorrectly
restated in the placed, and it's placed. It's placed, and it's
closing restated in the restated in the not restated in
sentence. Your closing closing the closing
three supporting sentence. Your sentence. One sentence. Your
ideas are briefly three supporting of your supporting ideas
mentioned. ideas are briefly supporting ideas are not
mentioned. is briefly mentioned.
mentioned.
Supporting Each paragraph Each paragraph Each paragraph Paragraphs
Details has a topic has a topic has a topic have no
sentence and sentence and sentence and supporting detail
three or more two supporting one or two sentences that
supporting detail detail sentences supporting detail relate back to
sentences that that relate back sentences that the main idea.
relate back to to the main idea. relate back to Topic sentences
the main idea. Specific the main idea. are unclear. No
Specific examples are No specific examples are
examples are given. examples are given.
given. given.
Grammar No grammar Some minor Multiple Major/multiple
errors Articles grammar errors grammar errors grammar errors.
correct Verb Problems with: Problems with: Problems with:
tenses correct Articles Verb Articles Verb Articles Verb
Subject/verb tenses Subject/ tenses tenses
agreement verb agreement Subject/verb Subject/verb
correct Contractions agreement agreement
Contractions and idioms Contractions Contractions
and idioms used and idioms and idioms
when
appropriate
Spelling You have 0-1 You have 2-3 You have 4-5 Your spelling
misspellings. misspellings. spelling errors. errors are
numerous and
distract the
reader from your
message
Vocabulary/Word Vocabulary/word Vocabulary/word Vocabulary/word Vocabulary/word
Choice choice is choice is choice is choice is clearly
impressive. You impressive. All adequate, but limited, affecting
use some of the words are used could be written
target appropriately. improved. More communication.
vocabulary from adjectives, Some words are
the subunit. adverbs, and used
descriptive inappropriately.
words are
needed.
Total Points 20 points possible

1
REFLECTION
 I learned that
 I enjoyed most on _
 I want to learn more _ _
REFERENCES:
BOOKS:
Blume, Klaus (2018), Psychology and Political Science, University of Alberta

Combs, Ron (2018), California State University, San Bernardino
Durant, Eva (2018), Laboratory Technologist (Retired)
Keller, Larry PhD (2018), Government American University
Kjaer, AnneMette, (2004), “Governance,” Cambridge: Polity Press
Mortensen, Alexis (2016), The Importance of Politics
Ruff, Dale (2019),The Conection of Politics and Governance
Young, Randy (2018), The Political Spectrum: Freedom vs. Enslavement
Cvetic, Nicole, Al-Jamea, Sohail, Connors, Ben (2018) Retrieved from
https://www.centredaily.com/opinion/article69564172.html
Karlson, Adam (2018), Clavert Hall CollegeHigh School, Retrieved from
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-connection-of-politics-and-governance

1
WEBSITES:
“Politics and Governance with Constitution”.

https://www.slideshare.net/zaizai27/politics-and-governance-with-constitution-
rpc?next_slideshow=1
“What is Governance?”https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com/2014/08/21/what-is-
governance/
“Why Good Governance is important?”

https://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/membership/membership-update/why-
good- governance-is-important-in-the-public-sector
“Good Governance”. https://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/governance-understand.html
www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2000/041200.htm
http://www.ombudsman.gov.ph/UNDP4/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Module_I.pd
f
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/manila-philippines-apr-12-2017-people-
785462050
ANSWER KEY:
LEARNING ACTIVITY- 1
1. Election
2. Voters
3. Law
4. Opposition
5. State
6. Social Control
7. Polls
8. Candidate
9. Campaign
10. Voting

1
1 process by which governance

2 execution of power is done
3 Central institution which
wields power over its subjects. 1 doing governing
1 study and methods of 2 know-how and action

power to manage a
government
3 The exercise of
1.authority
POLITICS 1 realm of public affairs of
the state
2 Manage of 3 the set-up that governs

governing, controlling, - managing the
or directing a State
2. GOVERNANCE 3. GOVERNMENT
country

1
1. POLITICS TO GOVERNMENT- Politics holds or control a government.
2. POLITICS TO GOVERNANCE- Governance oversee how politics control a
government
3. GOVERNMENT TO GOVERNANCE- government is the governing body of
persons in a State where politics controlled
it and supervise by governance
LEARNING ACTIVITY -4
POLITICS GOVERNANCE GOVERNMENT
You should know and The people will be Protect the people's
have a say in what is aware of the need for natural rights. (John
going on. good governance. Locke, 1690, Two
Consequently, such Treatises of Civil
awareness should move Government)
them to action.
They have to know how Create rules
Every vote that you to fight for their rights by
make will either break knowing what to expect
people or make from Philippine
people. governance.
Every law that is Thus, what will follow is To protect people

made will affect many. an exposition of the from conflicts and to
basic concepts of provide law and order.
governance, the ideal
type of governance, and
the status of the
Philippines vis-à-vis the
indicators of good
governance.
You should have a To preserve and Providing support to
say in what will strengthen stakeholder the most
happen. confidence. disadvantaged.
To provide the Government
foundation for a high- responsibilities have
performing organisation extended to the
– the achievement of economy and public
goals and sustainable service.
success requires input
and support from all
levels of an
organization.
To ensure the To provide social
organization is well programs to its
placed to respond to a citizens.

2
changing external
environment –business
today operates in an
environment of constant
change.
Provide the
parameters for
everyday behavior for
citizens, protect them
from outside
interference, and often
provide for their well-
being and happiness.
Delivering basic
services like health
and education.
Managing the
economy in uncertain
economic times.
Making the big
decisions for the
nations future.
Ensuring that all
Filipinos benefit from
Philippines wealth.
Supporting Filipino
industries to provide
jobs.
Reducing government
spending so money
can be returned back
to taxpayers.
Investing in
infrastructure including
road rail and
broadband.
Prepared by:
RUBYLIN M. ORINA
Writer

2
GOVERNANCE
Name:
Grade Level:
Section:
Date:
POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
An ideology is a system of political beliefs; an action oriented set of political

ideas. Many define ideology as the world view of a particular social class or a social
group; the ideas of the ruling class. The term ideology was first coined by Antoine
Destutt de Tracy during the French Revolution. He referred ideology to the new
science of ideas.
Ideology offer an account of the existing order, usually in the form of world
view. It also advance a model of desired future, or a vision of good society. Further,
ideology can explain how political change can and will be brought about.
In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals,

principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social institution, class or large group
that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint
for a certain social order. For instance, President Duterte has described himself as
left- leaning during his campaign and presidency, but has stressed that he was not a
communist, but a socialist.
A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to
what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very
closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies
without specifically embracing any one of them. The popularity of an ideology is in
part due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own
interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be
organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.
Some political ideologies are:
1. Anarchism- the central belief that political authority in all forms and
especially in the form of the state is both evil and unnecessary. Example: gender
equality can be a common principle but ranks as a higher priority to anarcha-
feminists than anarchist communists.

2
2. Conservatism- the desire to conserve and is reflected in a resistance to, or
at least suspicion of, change. The central themes are tradition, human imperfection,
organic society, authority and property. Example: Traditional marriage consisting of
two individuals with opposite sex.
3. Fascism- its core theme is an idea of an organically unified national

community, embodied in a belief in ‘strength through unity.’ individual in a literal
sense, is nothing; individual identity must be entirely absorbed into the community or
social group. Example: Fascism can destroy entrepreneurial spirit, thus limiting
the innovation that creates jobs, more tax revenue, and higher stock prices.
4. Liberalism- its core theme is a commitment to the individual and the

construction of the society in which individuals can satisfy their interests or achieve
fulfilment. Examples: Weekends, paid vacation, paid overtime, paid maternity leave,
desegregation, abolishing slavery, allowing women to vote, protecting the young,
protecting the disabled, protecting the elderly, religion-free education, freedom of
speech, freedom of assembly, right to protest, right to die, right to choose.
5. Socialism- opposition to capitalism and its attempt to provide a more

humane and socially worthwhile alternative. A middle point between capitalism and
communism. Example: Workers (unlike capitalists) must sell their labor power to
make a living.
6. Capitalism- an ideology that is focused on profit, and production is

privately owned. Example: Singapore had an amazing period of economic
development to get to where it is today. It became a manufacturing and financial
center because of its open economic policies. Singapore is a great example of
capitalism. It has low taxes and freedom for businesses to operate and trade
internationally.
7. Nationalism- an ideology that promotes the interests of a particular nation

especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation’s sovereignty over its
homeland. One example is the Made in the Philippines campaign. The premise
behind this campaign is that materials made in the Philippines are superior to
products made in China, for example.
8. Feminism- this aims to define, establish, and achieve the political,

economic, personal and social equality of the sexes. Example: Right to vote is
granted to both male and female.
It is important to realize that ideology is not just something that is important to

politics or politicians. Ideology influences all of our lives, but in works in such a way
we often unaware of its influences.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Differentiate the political ideologies. HUMSS_PG12-Ib-c-7 (Quarter 1, Week 2-3)

2
DIRECTIONS
Let’s Start!
Hello learner, read and analyze the instruction in each activity. Write your
answers on the space provided. There will be a corresponding point for every correct
answer. Answer thoroughly and write legibly.
Before you proceed, please sign the learning agreement. ENJOY!
LEARNING CONTRACT
_ _
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: 4PICS 1WORD

Each level displays four pictures linked by one word - your aim is to
work out what the word is from a set of letters given below the pictures.
Listed below are jumbled letters describing to the different ideologies.
Arrange the letters to get features of each ideology.
1. _ _ _ _ _
I I G G R A L
E D N O Y N O

2
_ _ _ _ _ _
2.
M M F E M E N S
S A L E M I N I
3. _ _ _ _ _ _
A F H S I I A M
M R A S C C S N
4. __ __ __ __
A S P I O T I O A L
A N T I I C N M S T

2
5. _ _ _ _
C P I A C I S
A T S F L M M
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: ‘ISMs’ KEY FEATURES

Listed below are jumbled letters for the key features of each ideology.
Arrange the letters to get the feature of each ideology.
LIBERALISM CONSERVATISM
1. mdinadliivus- __ 6. nadriotit- _
2. mniltairaos- _ 7. pertyrop- _
3. dreofem- _ 8. ihrehracy- _
4. stuiejc- 9. hotyutiar- _
5. arlnectoe- _ 10. miepefitocn-
SOCIALISM CAPITALISM
11. inmoituymc- _ _ 16. tfirop-
12. taiooponcre- 17. Ipecttmonoi- _
13. yatueqil- 18. oomcicne rfdeome-
14. ssalc itoilspc- _ _
15. ommcno noiepswhr- 19. refe ntseeirrp-
20. ripavet- _

2
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3: IDENTIFY THIS ‘ISM’
Identify what Ideology is being presented in each situation.
1. The Grade 11 Amethyst do not want to vote for classroom

officers because they believe that they can still work together
and cooperate as a group without recourse to force or
compulsion.
2. Jay and John both own a water refilling station in Pangal Sur.Jay
and John are best friends and business competitors at the same
time.
3.Maria is a broad-minded person. She believes that the
government should be active in supporting social and political
change.
4. Filip is a Catholic, he believes in traditional marriage consisting
of two individuals with different gender.
5. Pres. Manuel Roxas believes that while the people may not
always be right, they are usually right, and that in the end, if
the people are given free reign to choose and to select,
righteousness, truth and justice will prevail.
6. Ferdinand is a productive citizen not only for himself but for his
country as well. He believes that to serve our people is to serve
our nation.
7.The Anti-Rape Law of 1997 incorporating the Marital Rape is
an empowering law for women in the Philippines.
8. Everyone in society receives a share of the production based on
how much each has contributed. This system motivates them to
work long hours if they want to receive more. Workers receive
their share of production after a percentage has been deducted
for the common good.
9. Pia respects the national flag and values the Filipino identity.
10.The students of Pangal Sur High School patronize and
support our own Filipino products.
11. Every Filipino rejoices when Senator Pacquiao won his
boxing fight against Keith Thurman.
12. Aiza lives in a country where there is an equal access to health
care and education. Its government allocate resources through
central planning.
13.The Catholic Church believes that unborn children are still
human lives with value deserving dignity and they should be
protected from being murdered.
14. Education is one of the areas where women have excelled in
the Philippines.
15. According to Former Senator Jovito Salonga, the weak shall
be strong, and the strong shall be just.

2
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4: TO THE ONE THAT GOT IDEAL…
Observe known personalities/leaders in your community/vicinity.
Based on their achievements, what ideology you believe these
personalities/leaders utilized in their administration.
LEADERS ACHIEVEMENTS IDEOLOGIES
https://www.google.co
m/search?q=most+int
1
Brightest Classmate
m/search?q=classroo
1
Class President
m/search?
q=SSG+pre s 1
SSG President

2
m/search?q=teacher&
1
Favorite Teacher
m/search?q=PRINCIP
A1
Principal
m/search?q=barangay 1
Barangay Captain
m/search?q=filipino 1
Mayor

2
LEARNING ACTIVITY 5: BAWAL JUDGMENTAL (OF IDEOLOGY)
Written are some Presidents of the Republic. In the second column,
research the characteristics and key features of his/her regime, in the
third column make a judgment of his/her ideology based on the second
column.
Note: Multiple ideologies in a person is acceptable.
PRESIDENT CHARACTERISTICS/KEY IDEOLOGY (your

FEATURES OF HIS REGIME personal judgment)
FERDINAND E.
MARCOS
CORAZON C. AQUINO
FIDEL V. RAMOS
JOSEPH E.ESTRADA
GLORIA M. ARROYO

3
BENIGNO C. AQUINO III
RODRIGO R. DUTERTE
LEARNING ACTIVITY 6: LET’S SUM UP!

Complete the table by supplying the characteristics of the different
ideologies and pinpoint its significance to one’s life.
ANARCHISM CONSERVATISM FASCISM LIBERALISM
Characteristics
Significance to one’s life

3
FEMINISM NATIONALISM CAPITALISM SOCIALISM
Characteristics
Significance to one’s life
LEARNING ACTIVITY 7: HOME MISSION POSSIBLE

Research the advocacies and beliefs of two politicians in your
community. Compare their political ideologies based on their
advocacies and beliefs.

3
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
CRITERIA
4 3 2 1 POINTS
Explanation A complete Good, solid Letter is Misses key
response with response unclear points
a detailed with clear
explanation explanation
Knowledge Shows Shows Shows a Shows a
complete substantial little complete
understandin understandin understandi lack of
g of the g of the ng of the understandin
activity. activity activity g of the
activity
Conclusions Numerous Several Some A conclusion
Reached detailed detailed detailed is made from
conclusions conclusions conclusions the evidence
are reached are reached are reached offered
from the from the from the
evidence evidence evidence
offered offered offered
Information Information is Information Information Information
Gathering gathered from is gathered is gathered is gathered
multiple from multiple from limited from non-
electronic and electronic electronic electronic or
non-electronic and non- and non- electronic
sources and electronic electronic source only
cited properly sources sources
Reflection
1. I learned that
_
2. I enjoyed most on
_
3. I want to learn more

3
REFERENCES:
WEBSITES:
“Political Ideologies and the Political Spectrum”.
http://www.blog44.ca/michaels/2018/05/08/political-ideologies-and-the-political-
spectrum/
Heywood, Andrew. “Political Ideologies an Introduction, 5th Edition”.

https://www.macmillanihe.com/companion/Heywood-Political-
Ideologies/resources/Chapter-summaries/
Teehankee, July. “Liberalism in the Philippines”. National Institute for Policy Studies.
https://www.slideshare.net/fnfmanila/liberalism-by-dr-teehankee
“List of Political ideologies”. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
“What is Ideology?” https://www.slideshare.net/PhilosophicalInvestigations/
“Ideology”.https://www.google.com/search?
q=ideology&rlz=1C1ZZZB_enPH769PH7
69&sxsrf=ALeKk0119Tx9AyAGOyXa5asDh260uWlLw:1590734058269&source=ln
m
s&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjInOaTutjpAhVhJaYKHeJABFgQ_AUoAXoECBU
QAw
“Feminism”.https://www.google.com/search?q=feminism&tbm=isch&hl=en-
GB&chips=q:feminism,g_1:art:xzrCE70BDCM%3D,g_1:equality:yvGW0riBdbA%3D&
hl=enGB&ved=2ahUKEwj18eSnvtjpAhUGCpQKHQ0iApcQ4lYoA3oECAEQHQ&biw
=1226&bih=524
“Anarchism”.https://www.google.com/search?q=anarchism+clipart&tbm=isch&ved=2
ahUKEwje97CYwtjpAhUB1ZQKHRDrAGIQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=anarchism+clipart&g
s_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECAAQQzoCCAA6BggAEAgQHlDkzAJYvfACYM73AmgAcAB
4AIABsgqIAZ8pkgEJNC0xLjEuMi4ymAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=im
g&ei=V7XQXp7wFYGq0wSQ1oOQBg&bih=524&biw=1226&hl=en-GB&hl=en-GB
“Filipino Nationalism”. https://www.google.com/search?

q=filipino+nationalism&tbm=isch&chips=q:filpino+na
tionalism,g_1:clipart:iT5so8UTwIs%3D&hl=en-
GB&ved=2ahUKEwiCu_mcwtjpAhVSBaYKHZYvANAQ4lYoAXoECAEQFw&biw=12
2 6&bih=524
https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-examples-of-conservatism
“Women in the Philippines: Inspiring and Empowered”.

https://asiasociety.org/philippines/women-philippines-inspiring-and-
empowered
3
“10 Modern Ways to Express Filipino Nationalism”. https://ourhappyschool.com/ap-
social-studies/10-modern-ways-express-filipino-nationalism
https://www.thebalance.com/socialism-types-pros-cons-examples-3305592

3
ANSWER KEY:
ACTIVITY 1: 4PICS 1WORD

1. Ideology
2. Feminism
3. Anarchism
4. Nationalism
5. Fascism
ACTIVITY 2: ‘ISMs’ KEY FEATURES

1. Individualism
2. Rationalism
3. Freedom
4. Justice
5. Tolerance
6. Tradition
7. Property
8. Hierarchy
9. Authority
10. Imperfection
11. Community
12. Cooperation
13. Equality
14. Class politics
15. Common ownership
16. Profit
17. Competition
18. Economic freedom
19. Free enterprise
20. private
ACTIVITY 3: IDENTIFY THIS ‘ISM’

1. Anarchism
2. Capitalism
3. Liberalism
4. Conservatism
5. Liberalism
6. Nationalism
7. Feminism
8. Socialism
9. Nationalism
10. Nationalism
11. Nationalism
12. Socialism
13. Conservatism
14. Feminism
15. Liberalism
3
ACTIVITY 4: TO THE ONE THAT GOT IDEAL…
Learner’s answers may vary.
ACTIVITY 5: BAWAL JUDGMENTAL (OF IDEOLOGY)

ACTIVITY 6: LET’S SUM UP!

ACTIVITY 7: HOME MISSION POSSIBLE

Prepared by:
LERIZA S. DE GUZMAN
Writer

3
GOVERNANCE
Name:
Grade Level:
Section:
Date:
POWER
Politics always involved the use of power in getting things done. Power is
manifested in the ability to do something that is desired and can be sensed when
individuals can direct the actions of others in a society. It is considered as a key
ingredient in politics that often implies control and has something to do with influence
and authority.
Power based on its nature can be subdivided into four namely: power over,
power to, power with, and power within. First, Power over is the ability to dominate
another person or a group and often seen negatively because it is associated with
force, threat, coercion, discrimination, corruption, and abuse. Second, Power to
refers to the unique potential of every person to shape his or her life and world. It
describes the ability of a person/group to do something on one’s own sources:
intellect, resources, knowledge, stamina and etc. Third, Power with is similar also to
“power to” since it is based on mutual support, solidarity, and collaboration that
reflects the ability to work with others to get something done by cooperation. Lastly,
Power within has to do with a person’s sense of self-worth and self-knowledge which
includes the ability to recognize individual differences while respecting others.
Steven Lukes describes power as having three dimensions and has divided
power into three distinct ‘faces’, each focusing on a specific aspect of power. It may
take the form of decision making, agenda setting and preference shaping. Power as
Decision Making involves the ability to control or influence in an open and direct way.
A concrete example would be the government making decisions on behalf of the
people. Power as Agenda Setting can be seen as not just about decision making, it
is about preventing decisions being made or reducing the choices which can be
made. A classic example would be topics/agendas being discussed in a meeting.
The one who holds power can decide or limit what will be discussed and more
importantly what cannot be discussed, effectively controlling the situation. Power as
Preference Shaping works by influencing how individuals think about their place in
the world. This shapes people’s beliefs, sense of self, and acceptance of their own
superiority or inferiority.
3
In 1959, social psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram H. Raven
identified five sources/forms/types of power from which a person gets power. These
sources are now known as French and Raven's Five Bases of Power. These include
referent power, expert power, legitimate power, coercive power, and reward power.
Referent powers comes from the power holder's ability to persuade or influence
others while expert power is derived from the power holder's specific skills or
expertise. Both referent and expert power are often classified under individual or
personal power. On the other hand, legitimate power, coercive power and reward
power are classified under organizational power. Legitimate power comes from the
power holder's position and duties within an organization. Coercive power arises
from the power holder's ability to punish or penalize others. Reward power comes
from the power holder's ability to give something of value, such as money,
responsibility or praise.
The use of referent and expert power often results in commitment while
compliance is seen as a result of using legitimate and reward power. The use of
coercive power resulted in resistance since majority of the people don’t want to feel
threatened or forced to do something out of their own free will. Some of the positive
effects of power includes boosting of people’s morals and encouraging them to
achieve their goals. It also can enhance people’s motivation to help others thereby
creating a domino effect. Abuse of power and corruption are some of the negative
consequences of the use of power. People who gained power tend to put
themselves ahead of others that they react negatively if their power and competence
are questioned.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Analyze the nature, dimensions/types, and consequences of power (Quarter

1, Week 4).
DIRECTIONS
Let’s Start!
Hello learner, you will be tasked to accomplish the following activities. Read
and understand the specific instructions for every learning activity. You are given one
(1) week to finish all the learning activities.
Please sign the learning agreement before answering the different activities.
ENJOY!

3
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: I hereby accept the responsibility to finish the activity package and submit it to m
_ _
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – KNOW THY POWER

Based from the picture given, identify if it shows/evoke power by checking
the box corresponding to your answer. After which explain why do you
say it shows/ does not show power.
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No

4
Yes No
Yes No

4
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – POWER AND ME
Power based on its nature can be subdivided into four namely: power
over, power with, power to and power within. Using the diagram below,
identify a person who has power over you and explain briefly how this
person possesses power over you. You also identify a person whom
you have power over and explain briefly how you possess power over
that person.
Whom has Power Over You
YOU
Whom You have Power Over

4
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – DOWN THE MEMORY LANE
Based on the different types of power, cite three specific examples that
happened in your class where that particular power is used and how it
affected your/class behavior.
Example:
Situation/Event Power Used Effects on Behavior
The Class President Legitimate Class followed the
commanded the class Power command since the
to clean the classroom President is given the
authority to look into
some of the activities
inside the classroom
Situation/Event Power Used Effects on Behavior

4
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 – IF I WERE
Overused of power has consequences. Name one consequence of
power (example a policeman who overused his power) and suggest
particular ways for him not to be abusive in order to address
consequences of power. Using 10 – 15 sentences, describe how it
works. Write your answer on the box given below.

4
LEARNING ACTIVITY 5 – MY POWER
Write an essay (150-300 words) on the importance and consequences
of power you have right now as a student. Write your answer on the
box given below.

4
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Activity 1
Category Outstanding Satisfactory Unsatisfactory (2) Needs
(4) (3) Improvement
(1)
Completion Fully Partially Barely completed Did not
Completed complete the task complete the
the task. d the task task
Accuracy No errors Has 1 error Has 3 errors Has many
and errors
Organization
Content Content is Content is Content is not Content is
comprehensi accurate and comprehensive and incomplete and
ve, accurate, persuasive. major points are major points
and - Major addressed, but not are not clear
persuasive. points are well
- Major points stated. supported. Respons
are stated - Responses es are inadequate
clearly and are or do not address
are well adequate topic.
supported. - and address
Responses topic.
are excellent, - Content is
timely and clear.
address
topic.
- Content is
very clear.
Activity 2
Category Outstandin Satisfactory Unsatisfactory (2) Needs
g (4) (3) Improvement
(1)
Completion Fully Partially Barely completed Did not
Completed completed the task complete the
the task. the task task
Content Content is Content is Content is not Content is
comprehensi accurate and comprehensive and incomplete and
ve, accurate, persuasive. major points are major points
and - Major points addressed, but not are not clear
persuasive. are stated. well
- Major - Responses supported. Respons
points are are adequate es are inadequate
stated and address or
clearly and topic. do not address
4
topic..

4
are well - Content is
supported. - clear.
Responses
are
excellent,
timely and
address
topic.
- Content is
very clear.
Activity 3
Category Outstanding Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Needs
(4) (3) (2) Improvement
(1)
Completion Fully Partially Barely Did not
Completed completed the completed the complete the
the task. task task task
Accuracy Few errors Some errors Many errors Did not
and Content complete
Effort/ Showed Showed good Showed little Did not
Organization excellent effort in effort in complete
effort in completing completing the
completing the table and table and lacks
the table and organized organization.
well organized
Activity 4 and 5
Category Outstanding Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Needs
(4) (3) (2) Improvement
(1)
Content & - Content is - Content is - Content is not - Content is
Development complete, accurate and complete and incomplete.
accurate, and persuasive. /or persuasive. - Major points
persuasive. - Major points - Major points are not clear.
- Major points are stated. are addressed, -Specific
are stated - Responses but not well examples are
clearly and are adequate supported. not used.
are well and address - Responses
supported. topic. are inadequate
- Responses - Content is or do not
are excellent, clear. address topic.
timely and -Specific -Specific
address topic. examples are examples do
- Content is used. not support
clear. topic.

4
-Specific
examples are
used.
Organization -Structure of - Structure is - Structure of - Organization
& Structure the essay is mostly clear the essay is not and structure
clear and and easy to easy to follow. detract from
easy to follow. follow. - Transitions the message.
- Transitions - Transitions need - Writing lacks
are logical are present. improvement. transition of
and maintain thoughts.
the flow of
thought
throughout
the paper.
Grammar, - Rules of - Rules of - Paper - Paper
Punctuation & grammar, grammar, contains few contains
Spelling usage, and usage, and grammatical, numerous
punctuation punctuation punctuation grammatical,
are followed; are followed and spelling punctuation,
spelling is with minor errors. and spelling
correct. errors. errors.
Spelling is
correct.
REFLECTION
1. I learned that
_
_
_ _
__ _
_
_
3. I want to learn more on
_
_
_

4
REFERENCES:
BOOKS:
Melegrito, Ma. Lourdes F. and. Mendoza, Diana J. Politics Without Borders: Philippine
Politics and Governance, Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City: 2016
Pawilen, R. A. and Pawilen, Reidan M. Philippine Politics and Governance, Rex
Bookstore Inc., Manila: 2017
Ramos, Renan E. Philippine Politics and Governance, Vibal Group, Inc., Quezon City:
2016
Tabajen, Rhene C. and Pulma, Erlinda B., Philippine Politics and Governance, JFS
Publishing Services Manila, Philippines: 2016
WEBSITES:
https://freesvg.org/power-button-icon
https://josephonperspectives.wordpress.com/2013/02/25/edsa-i-revolution-
recall- what-happened/
https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/general/inactive-filipino-voters-need-to-
amend- status-before-dec-9
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Rodrigo_Duterte.jpg
https://www.philstar.com/business/2020/03/17/2001398/peso-weakens-virus-
fears https://slideplayer.com/slide/13243807/
https://justassociates.org/en/resources/new-weave-power-people-politics-
action- guide-advocacy-and-citizen-participation
ANSWER KEY:
1. Yes (explanations may vary)

5. Yes (explanations may
vary) Activity 2
Answers may vary

5
Activity 3
Answers may vary

Activity 4
Answers may vary

Activity 5
Answers may vary
Prepared by:
JASMIN I. LAPPAY
Writer

5
GOVERNANCE
Name:
Grade Level:
Section:
Date:
NATION STATE AND GLOBALIZATION
The role of the nation-state in globalization is a complex one due to the

varying definitions and shifting concepts of globalization. While it has been defined in
many ways, globalization is generally recognized as the fading or complete
disappearance of economic, social, and cultural borders between nation-states.
Some have theorized that nation-states, which are inherently divided by physical and
economic boundaries, will be less relevant in a globalized world.
While increasingly reduced barriers regarding international commerce and

communication are sometimes seen as a potential threat to nation states, these
trends have existed throughout history. Air and sea transportation that made same-
day travel to other continents possible and greatly expanded trade among countries
did not abolish the sovereignty of individual nations. Instead, globalization is a force
that changed the way nation-states deal with one another, particularly in the area of
international commerce.
Globalization also creates a sense of interdependence among nation, which

could create an imbalance of power among nations of different economic strengths.
The role of the nation-state in a global world is largely a regulatory one as the
chief factor in global interdependence. While, the domestic role of the nation-state
remains largely unchanged, states that were previously isolated are now forced to
engage with one another to set international commerce policies. Through various
economic imbalances, these interactions may lead to diminished roles for some
states and exalted roles for others.
A nation is a stable community of humans formed on the basis of a

common language, territory, history, ethnicity, or psychological make-up manifested
in a common culture.
A state is a territory with its own institutions and populations. A nation is a

large group of people who inhabit a specific territory and are connected by history,
culture, or another commonality.
5
The role of the nation-state in globalization is a complex one in part due to the
varying definitions and shifting concepts of globalization. While it has been defined in
many ways, globalization is generally recognized as the fading or complete
disappearance of economic, social, and cultural borders between nation-states.
Some scholars have theorized that nation-states, which are inherently divided by
physical and economic boundaries, will be less relevant in a globalized world. While
increasingly reduced barriers regarding international commerce and communication
are sometimes seen as a potential threat to nation-states, these trends have existed
throughout history. Air and sea transportation that made same-day travel to other
continents possible and greatly expanded trade among countries did not abolish the
sovereignty of individual nations. Instead, globalization is a force that changed the
way nation-states deal with one another, particularly in the area of international
commerce
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Analyze the relationships among nations and states in the context of

globalization (Quarter 1, Weeks 5 and 6).
DIRECTIONS
Let’s Start!
LEARNING CONTRACT
_ _

5
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – FILL ME IN
Identify the pictures in each box whether it is Nation, State and
Globalization. Check the appropriate box.
Nation State Globalization

1.
2.
3.
4.

5
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

5
10.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – THE COMPARISON

Determine the distinctions between state and nation. Complete the
Venn diagram below by writing the differences between state and
nation and write the commonality/similrity in the overlapping parts of
the two circles.
State Nation

5
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – PICTO SEARCH
Guess the term based on the three (3) pictures shown in each item.
Write your answer on the box provided.
S E G Y
O L
O N E T
R I O Y

5
I T N T N L
E G I I N
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 – TATAK PINOY

Collect pictures available in your community and paste in the first column.
Briefly, explain how this picture is related to globalization. Write your
answer in the second column.
With Governor Bojie Dy, Municipal MayorExplanation

Engr. Juan Capuchino and elected officials while cutting

5
MagatDamHydroElectricPlant Philippines Explanation
LEARNING ACTIVITY 5 – GO GLOBAL

Justify each picture into its usefulness in promoting
globalization.
PRODUCT EXPLANATION/REASON WHY THE PRODUCT

GO GLOBAL

5
6
LEARNING ACTIVITY 6 – ESSAY
Globalization has diadvantages like the spread of diseasses/viruses.
Write an essay as to how you can help the government as citizen in
combatting the CORONA VIRUS. Write your answer in the box below.

6
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Excellent Very Good Average Needs

5 4 3 Improvement
2
This paper is This paper is The writer is Topic is not
clear and mostly focused, beginning to define well-defined
focused. It holds and has some the topic, even and/or there
the reader's good details and though are too many
Ideas
attention. quotes. development is still topics.
Relevant details basic or general.
and quotes enrich
the central theme.
The organization Paper (and The organizational Sentences
enhances and paragraphs) are structure is strong within
showcases the mostly enough to move paragraphs
central idea or organized, in the reader through make sense,
theme. The order, order, and the text without too but the order
Organization
structure of makes sense to much confusion. of paragraphs
information is the reader. does not.
compelling and
moves the reader
through the text.
The writing has The writing The text hums The text
an easy flow, mostly flows, and along with a seems
rhythm, and usually invites steady beat, but choppy and is
cadence. oral reading. tends to be more not easy to
Sentence Sentences are businesslike than read orally.
Fluency well built, with musical, more
strong and varied mechanical than
structure that fluid.
invites expressive
oral reading.

6
REFLECTION
1. I learned that
3. I want to learn more

_
REFERENCES:
BOOK:
Philippine Politics and Governance by Rhene C. Tabajen and Erlinda B. Pulma, pp.
39-40
WEBSITES:
https://sites.google.com>site>home
https://www.youtube.com/watch?vv=xPD477FuqtY
https://www.slideshare.net
htttps://depedshs.blogspot.com
https://www.investopedia.com

6
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1 (Answers may vary)

1. Globalization
2. Nation
3. State
4. Globalization
5. Nation
6. State
7. State
8. State
9. Nation
10. Globalization
Activity 2
A nation is a stable community of humans formed on the basis of a
common language, territory, history, ethnicity, or psychological make-up manifested
in a common culture.
A state is a territory with its own institutions and populations. A nation is a

large group of people who inhabit a specific territory and are connected by history,
culture, or another commonality.
Activity 3
1. Sovereignty
2. People
3. Government
4. Territory
5. International recognition
Activity 4
Answers may vary
Activity 5
Answers may vary
Activity 6
Answers may vary
Prepared by:
MARITES M. ANTIPORDA
Writer

6
GOVERNANCE
Name:
Grade Level:
Section:
Date:
EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
The historical development of Philippine Politics and Government can be

studied through its evolution from the Pre-historic period which contributed to the
formation of modern Philippine Politics and Government.
The Pre-Spanish Government
The early Filipinos had a government which they called “Balangay”.The head
or the leader was called a Datu or Rajah who was assisted by the elders in the
community. All powers of the government were exercised by the datu or rajah. He
was the chief executive, law giver, chief judge and military head. There are three
social classes at that time namely: The Maharlika (Nobles), the Timawas (Freemen)
and the Alipin (Slaves). The Datu or the Rajah came from the Maharlika (The upper
class).
Government in the Philippines under the Spanish Rule

The Philippines was governed indirectly by the King of Spain through the
Viceroy of Mexico. When Mexico, also a former colony of Spain gained her freedom
in 1821, the Philippines was ruled directly by Spain until 1898.The government
established in the Philippines was centralized. The national government was headed
by a Spanish Governor General, who was appointed by the King of Spain. The
Governor-General was at times called the “Representative of the King of Spain” or
the “Little King in the Philippines”. In theory, he was the highest government official in
the country, and practice frailocracy “Rule of friars” existed thus overpowering the
Governor General. Below the national government was the Alcaldia (Provinces)
headed by the Alcalde Mayor, the Pueblos (Towns) which were led by the
Gobernadorcillo (little governor) and the barangays which were led by the Cabeza de
Barangay. Andres Bonifacio organized the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary
organization of the Filipinos. Its aim was a complete separation from Spain. It
precipitated the Philippine Revolution on August 26, 1896 (De Leon & De Leon,

6
2014). It was replaced by another government when it was discovered by the
Spanish

6
authorities. The new government was headed by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo as President
in the Tejeros Convention held on March 22-23, 1897.
The Biak-Na-Bato Republic was created by Gen. Aguinaldo on November 1,
1897. Its aim was separation from Spain and formation of the Philippines as an
independent state. The Republic existed until December 15, 1897, with the signing of
the Pact of Biak-Na-Bato. It resulted in the Revolutionary exile of Aguinaldo and his
men to Hongkong provided that General Primo de Rivera would pay $800,000. On
May 24, 1889, Gen. Aguinaldo established a dictatorial government when he
returned from his exile in Hongkong. The notable achievements of the Dictatorial
Government were: 1) the proclamation of Philippine Independence at Kawit, Cavite
on June 12, 1898; and 2) the reorganization of local governments. A Revolutionary
Government replaced the Dictatorial Government still with Gen. Aguinaldo as the
head. On January 23, 1899, the first Philippine Republic was established with Gen.
Aguinaldo as the President.
The Government during the American Regime

The Americans started the military rule in the Philippines on August 14, 1898.
The president of the United States delegated his authority to the military governor
who exercised all powers of the government (until the war lasted) - executive,
legislative and judiciary. The Spooner Amendment ended the military regime in the
Philippines. It was changed into civil government headed by Civil Governor on July
4, 1901. The title was changed to Governor General on February 6, 1905. The
Governor General has legislative powers, and he was the President of the
Philippines commission from 1901-1907. The Philippine Commission was the sole
law making body of the Government. Eventually, this became the upper house of the
legislative department of the Philippine Assembly (Created by Philippine Bill of 1902)
as the lower chamber. The Jones law of 1916 which became the fundamental law for
the Philippines vested the legislative power in an all- Filipino law-making body
composed of the Philippine Senate and the House of Representatives.
The Commonwealth Government

The Tydings-Mcduffie Law in 1934 established the Commonwealth
Government. It was a form of government in transition toward independence. It
provide for a ten-year transition period after which the Philippine independence
would be Proclaimed and established. The Commonwealth Government was
inaugurated on November 15, 1935. The first National Election in the country was
held September 12, 1935. Manuel L. Quezon was the President, and his Vice-
President was Sergio Osmena. The Commonwealth Government functioned in exile
during World War II in Washington, USA, from May 13, 1942 to October 3, 1944 after
which it was re- established in Manila on February 27, 1945. The USA turned over to
a Filipino President the full powers and responsibilities of the Commonwealth
Government under the 1935 Constitution.

6
The Government under the Japanese Occupation
The Japanese military administration was established in Manila on January 3,

1942. A civil government which was called the Philippine Executive Commission was
established with Jorge B. Vargas as chairman. It had legislative and executive
powers but laws enacted though were subject to approval by the Commander-in-
Chief of the Japanese forces. On October 14, 1943, the Japanese-sponsored
Philippine Republic with Jose P. Laurel as the President was inaugurated.
The Presidents of the Philippines
Since independence in 1898 and the ratification of the Philippine Constitution in the
First Republic, there have been 16 presidents. Starting with General Emilio
Aguinaldo all the way to current president Rodrigo Roa Duterte.
General Emilio Aguinaldo

One way to remember the first president of the Philippines First Republic is to
look at the five peso coin. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo's face used to grace the five peso
bill (which is not used anymore). The back of the bill shows him holding the
Philippine flag at the celebration of the Philippine Independence Day. He led the
Filipinos in fighting against the Spaniards and the Americans.
Contributions and Achievements:
 first (and only) president of the First Republic (Malolos Republic)
 signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, creating a truce between the Spanish and
Philippine revolutionaries
 known as the President of the Revolutionary Government
 led the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine War and the American-Philippine
War
 youngest president, taking office at age 28
 longest-lived president, passing away at 94
Manuel L. Quezon
After 34 years of Insular Government under American rule, Philippine voters
elected Manuel Luis Quezon first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
He is known as the “Father of National Language” (Ama ng Wikang Pambansa). He
died of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York.
 first Senate president elected as President of the Philippines
 first president elected through a national election

6
 first president under the Commonwealth
 created National Council of Education
 initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth
 approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national language of the Philippines
 appears on the twenty-peso bill
 a province, a city, a bridge and a university in Manila are named after him
 his body lies within the special monument on Quezon Memorial Circle
Jose P. Laurel
José P. Laurel's presidency is controversial. He was officially the
government's caretaker during the Japanese occupation of World War II. Criticized
as a traitor by some, his indictment for treason was superseded later by an amnesty
proclamation in 1948.
 since the early 1960s, Laurel considered a legitimate president of the Philippines
 organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas, or
Association for Service to the New Philippines), a provisional government during
Japanese occupation
 declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and the U.S./United
Kingdom in 1944
 with his family, established the Lyceum of the Philippines
Sergio Osmeña
Sergio Osmeña was the second president of the Commonwealth. During his
presidency, the Philippines joined the International Monetary Fund.
 became president at 65, making him the oldest person to hold office
 first Visayan to become president
 joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 to begin
restoration of Philippine freedom after Japanese occupation
 Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated and the country joined the
International Monetary Fund during his presidency
 Bell Trade Act was approved by the U.S. Congress during his presidency
 appears on the 50-peso bill
Manuel Roxas
Manuel Roxas was the fifth president of the Philippines: the third (and last)
president under the Commonwealth, and the first president of the Third Republic of
the Philippines. He held office for only one year, 10 months, and 18 days.
6
 inaugurated as the first president of the new Republic after World War II
 reconstruction from war damage and life without foreign rule began during his
presidency
 under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws
were accepted by Congress
 appears on the 100-peso bill
Elpidio Quirino
Elpidio Quirino served as vice president under Manuel Roxas. When Roxas
died in 1948, Quirino became president.
 Hukbalahap guerrilla movement active during his presidency
 created Social Security Commission
 created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption
 Quezon City became capital of the Philippines in 1948
Ramon Magsaysay
Ramon Magsaysay was born in Iba, Zambales. He was a military governor
and an engineer. He died in an aircraft disaster while boarding the presidential plane.
 Hukbalahap movement quelled during his presidency
 chairman of the Committee on Guerrilla Affairs
 first president sworn into office wearing Barong Tagalog during inauguration
 presidency referred to as the Philippines' "Golden Years" for its lack of corruption
 Philippines was ranked second in Asia’s clean and well-governed countries
during his presidency
 established National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA)
among other agrarian reforms
Carlos P. Garcia
A lawyer, poet, and teacher, Carlos P. Garcia also served as a guerrilla leader
during the Pacific War. Born in Bohol, Garcia serviced as vice president under
Ramon Magsaysay and as secretary of Foreign Affairs for four years. He became
president when Magsaysay died in 1957.
 known for “Filipino First Policy,” which favored Filipino businesses over foreign
investors
 established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and commerce

7
 known as the “Prince of Visayan Poets” and the “Bard from Bohol”
 cultural arts was revived during his term
 was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani
Diosdado Macapagal
Born in Lubao, Pampanga, Diosdado Macapagal was a lawyer and professor.
His daughter Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the 14 th, and second female, president of
the Philippines.
 established the first Land Reform Law, allowing for the purchase of private
farmland to be distributed in inexpensive, small lots to the landless
 placed the Philippine peso on the currency exchange market
 declared June 12, 1898 to be Philippines’ Independence Day
 signed the Minimum Wage Law
 created the Philippine Veteran’s Bank
Ferdinand Marcos
Born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was a lawyer and
Senate President for three years. He was president for 21 years. He ruled under
martial law and his dictatorship was known for its corruption and brutality. Marcos
was removed from office after the People Power Revolution.
 first president to win a second term
 declared Martial Law on Sept. 22, 1972
 increased the size of Philippine military and armed forces
 by 1980 the Philippine GNP was four times greater than 1972
 by 1986 the Philippines was one of the most indebted countries in Asia
 built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and other infrastructure than all
former presidents combined
 the only president whose remains are interred inside a refrigerated crypt
Corazon Aquino
The first woman president of the Philippines and the first woman to become
president of an Asian country, Corazon Aquino was born in Paniqui, Tarlac. She was
a prominent figure in the People Power Revolution that brought down Ferdinand
Marcos' dictatorship. Her husband, Benigno Aquino Jr., was a senator during the
Marcos regime and its strongest critic. He was assassinated while Marcos was still in
power.
 first woman to be president of the Philippines or any Asian country

7
 restored democracy
 abolished the 1973 Marcos Constitution and ushered in the new Constitution of
the Philippines
 reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government
 signed the Family Code of 1987, a major civil law reform, and 1191 Local
Government Code, which reorganized the structure of the executive branch of
government
 initiated charitable and social activities helping the poor and the needy
 named “Woman of the Year” in 1986 by Time magazine
 on the new 500-peso bill together with her husband Benigno
Aquino Received honors and awards including:
 100 Women Who Shaped World History
 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century
 65 Great Asian Heroes
 J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding
Fidel V. Ramos
Fidel V. Ramos was the chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
before he became president. He was also a civil engineer. As president, he restored
economic growth and stability in the country, even during the Asian Financial Crisis
in 1997. He is the first, and so far the only, non-Catholic president of the Philippines.
 oversaw Philippine economic growth
 presided over celebrations of Philippine Independence Centennial in 1998
 received British Knighthood from the United Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II
(Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George)
 hosted the fourth Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Leader's Summit in the
Philippines in 1996
 Philippine Stock Exchange became an international favorite during his presidency
 death penalty reinstated while he was in office
 signed peace agreement with the rebel Moro National Liberation Front
Joseph Estrada
Known as Erap, Joseph Estrada was the first president who had been a
famous film actor. His presidency was controversial. During his years in office
economic growth was slow and he faced impeachment proceedings. He was ousted
from the presidency in 2001. He was later convicted of stealing from the government
but was pardoned. He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2010.

7
 during his presidency Moro Islamic Liberation Front headquarters and camps
were captured
 joined other leaders and politicians to try to amend the 1987 Constitution
 cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989
 among the “Magnificent 12” who voted to terminate the agreement that allows for
U.S. control of Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the 14 th, president of the Philippines (and the
second female president). The Oakwood Mutiny occurred during her term. Arroyo
oversaw road and infrastructure improvements and higher economic growth that
presidents before her, but there was also controversy. The so-called "Hello Garci"
controversy involved recordings that allegedly captured Arroyo ordering the rigging
of the election that put her in office. In 2005 Arroyo faced impeachment proceedings
related to the recordings but the impeachment failed. After she had left office Arroyo
faced additional charges of election fraud and misuse of state funds.
 second female president of the country
 first and only female vice-president of the Philippines so far
 first president to take oath outside Luzon
 former Economics professor at the Ateneo de Manila University, where current
president Benigno Aquino III was one of her students
 ex-classmate of former U.S. President Bill Clinton at Georgetown University’s
Walsh School of Foreign Service, where she maintained Dean’s list status
 oversaw higher economic growth than the past three presidents before her
 peso became the best-performing currency of the year in Asia in 2007
 E-VAT Law was implemented under her term
 currently on the 200-peso bill
Benigno Aquino III
Benigno Aquino III joined the House of Representatives and the Senate
before his presidency. He is the first president who is a bachelor; he is unmarried
and has no children.
 created the no "wang-wang" (street siren) policy
 appointed statesman Jesse Robredo to serve as secretary of Interior and Local
Government in 2010, where Robredo served until his death in 2012
1. initiated K-12 education in the Philippines

7
 renamed the Office of the Press Secretary to Presidential Communications
Operations Office and appointed new officers
 suspended allowances and bonuses to Government Owed and Controlled
Corporation and Government Financial Institution board members
 oversaw 7.1% growth of the Philippine economy in 201
Rodrigo R. Duterte
Rodrigo Roa Duterte born March 28, 1945), also known as Digong and Rody,
is a Filipino politician who is the 16th and incumbent President of the Philippines and
the first from Mindanao to hold the office. He is the chairperson of PDP–Laban, the
ruling political party in the Philippines. Duterte took office at age 71 on June 30,
2016, making him the oldest person to assume the Philippine presidency; the record
was previously held by Sergio Osmeña at the age of 65.
Born in Maasin, Southern Leyte, Duterte studied political science at
the Lyceum of the Philippines University, graduating in 1968, before obtaining a law
degree from San Beda College of Law in 1972. He then worked as a lawyer and was
a prosecutor for Davao City, before becoming vice mayor and, subsequently, mayor
of the city in the wake of the Philippine Revolution of 1986. Duterte won seven terms
and served as mayor of Davao for over 22 years.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Analyze the evolution of Philippine Politics and Governance (Quarter 1. Week 7-8).
DIRECTIONS
Let’s Start!
LEARNING CONTRACT
_ _

7
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1- PICTO GALLERY
Look at the pictures below and write at least three terms/concepts on
the space provided that comes on your mind associated with the images.
1.
2.
3.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – MY HUNTING TIME!

Hunt the important words by searching Up, Down and Diagonal which are
related to our lesson. Use the Hints to locate the correct answers.
HINTS!
1. Founded on law and united by compact or agreement of the people for
the common good.
2. The colonization period of Spaniards.
3. Before the colonization period.
4. American colonization period.
5. Japanese colonization period.
6. The boat used by early Filipinos as a form of transportation.
7. The head of the national government appointed by the king of
Spain during Spanish period.
8. Government controlled or supported by armed forces.
9. A kind of government during the Japanese occupation.
10. The highest class (Nobles) during the Pre-colonization period.

7
7
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3- WHAT I KNOW
W
Write something (3-5 sentences) on the following governments:
1. Pre-Spanish Government
_ _
_
_
2. Spanish Government
3. Biak na Bato Government
_
__
4. American Government
5. Japanese Government

7
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 – MY PRESIDENT’S LEAGUE
Choose your significant Presidents in the Philippine and list down their famous
identity/legacy/programs implemented. Justify your choices. Use the
template below for your answer.
4
LEAGU
7
PRESIDENT
8
f
10
11
PHILIPPIN
12
13
14
15
16

7
LEARNING ACTIVITY 5 – TRUE OR FALSE
Read the following statements. Write T in the LIKE icon if the statement is
correct and F in the DISLIKE icon if incorrect. Prove your answer in the
line provided.
1. Emilio Aguinaldo was the first President of the Philippines.
2. Carlos P. Garcia implemented cultural revival and

economic nationalism.
3. Jose P. Laurel was the first President of the third republic.
4. Ramon Magsaysay was the oldest president 65 when he

hold the office.
5. Joseph Estrada a famous movie actor won presidency

with landslide victory.
6. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the first woman president.
7. Ferdinand Marcos Philippine president who declared

Martial law through proclamation 1081.
8. Diosdado Macapagal established Land Bank of

the Philippines and abolished tenancy.
_
9. Corazon C. Aquino restored democratic processes
and institution.
10. Elpidio Quirino created rural banks during his presidency.

_

7
LEARNING ACTIVITY 6 – IN MY OPINION
Read and understand the statement below. Write your opinion in each
statement. Use the template provided, then answer the process
question below.
6. Under President Gloria Arroyo’s administration the country recorded a high

GDP but despite this data many Filipinos lived below the poverty line.
I agree because…….. I disagree because……
7. Despite the tagline “Kung walang corrupt, walang mahirap” of President

Benigno Aquino III which transformed Philippine government with
principles of transparency, accountability and integrity his administration
was embroiled with controversy involving misuse of public funds.
I agree because…….. I disagree because……

8
8. President Rodrigo Detente’s war on drugs has killed thousands and
yet the bloody campaign is overwhelmingly became popular.
I agree because…… I disagree because……
9. Due to the crisis brought by Covid-19 pandemic the congress grant

special temporary power and emergency power to President Rodrigo
Duterte to realign funds that will be used in combating the deadly
virus
I agree because…… I disagree because……
Guide Question:
1. With the above mentioned administrations as a SHS student cite your

opinions how Philippine Politics and Government evolved?
_ _
_
_
_

8
LEARNING ACTIVITY 7 – MY SELF AS A LEADER
Answer the following questions below.
1. If given a chance to have a position in the government what type of

administrator are you? What are the programs/projects that you will
going to implement?
_
_
_
_
_
2. As a political leader, who among the Philippine Presidents you would

like to emulate? Why?
_
_
_
_
_
LEARNING ACTIVITY 8 – MY TIMELINE

Illustrate through timeline the evolution of Philippine Politics and
Governance. Use the box below.

8
LEARNING ACTIVITY 9 – THE EVOLUTION
Write an essay (150-300 words) on the evolution of the Philippine
Politics and Governance.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 10 – ASSESSMENT

Read and understand the following questions carefully. Write the answer on
the space provided.
1. He created the no "wang-wang" (street siren) policy. _ _

2. She was a prominent figure in the People Power Revolution that
brought down Ferdinand Marcos' dictatorship.
3. The head of the government during Pre-Spanish time. _
4. During his presidency Moro Islamic Liberation Front headquarters and
camps were captured.
5. Known for “Filipino First Policy,” which favored Filipino businesses over
foreign investors.
6. Established the first Land Reform Law, allowing for the purchase of
private farmland to be distributed in inexpensive, small lots to the
landless.
7. The president of the United States delegated his authority to the
who exercised all powers of the government (until the
war lasted) - executive, legislative and judiciary.
8. He won seven terms and served as mayor of Davao for over 22 years.
9. Enhanced VAT Law was implemented under her term.

10. On October 14, 1943, the _ _ with Jose P.
Laurel as the President was inaugurated.

8
RUBRIC FOR SCORING

5 4 3 Improvement
2
This paper is This paper is The writer is Topic is not well-
clear and mostly focused, beginning to define defined and/or there
focused. It and has some the topic, even are too many topics.
holds the good details and though development
reader's quotes. is still basic or
Ideas attention. general.
Relevant
details and
quotes enrich
the central
theme.
The Paper (and The organizational Sentences within
organization paragraphs) are structure is strong paragraphs make
enhances and mostly organized, enough to move the sense, but the order
showcases the in order, and reader through the of paragraphs does
central idea or makes sense to text without too not.
theme. The the reader. much confusion.
Organization order,
structure of
information is
compelling
and moves the
reader through
the text.
The writing The writing mostly The text hums along The text seems
has an easy flows, and usually with a steady beat, choppy and is not
flow, rhythm, invites oral but tends to be more easy to read orally.
and cadence. reading. businesslike than
Sentences are musical, more
Sentence well built, with mechanical than
Fluency strong and fluid.
varied
structure that
invites
expressive
oral reading.

8
REFLECTION
 I learned that
REFERENCES:
BOOKS:
Tabajen, Rhene C.,and Pluma, Erlinda B., Philippine Politics and Governance 1 st
Edition for Senior High School, Educational Resources, JFS Publishing
Services, Unit 9005 Central Park Condominium 2 168 D. Jorge Street, Pasay
City, Philippines
Hague, R. and M. Harrop (2007). Comparative Government and Politics, an
Introduction, London: Palgrave, chapter 2Science. 4th ed
De Leon,Hector S. and De Leon, Hector M. Jr. 2014. Textbook on Philippine
Constitution. Rex Bookstore, Manila
Garcia, Carlito D., 2010. Philippine History and Government for college students
Book Atbp, Mandaluyong
Halili, M. 2010-2012, Philippine History. Arkipelago books, Manila

8
WEBSITES:
https://www.slideshare.net/Political-history-of-the-philippines-12165185
https://soapboxie.com/world-politics/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-
and-Contributions
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/manila-philippines-apr-12-2017-people-
785462050
https://int.search.tb.ask.com/search/AJimage.jhtml?n=7839ee68&p2=%5EAZ0%5Exdm283
%5ETTAB02%5Eph&pg=AJimage&pn=1&ptb=5BA59CA9-54CC-4EB7-862D-
68708DF1177E&qs=&si=42851694439&ss=sub&st=sb&searchfor=inserting+text+boxes+an
d+shapes&tpr=jrel2&ots=1595406083911
https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01W9fpa_lP7bfa-
HeBFvFXPK56iig:1595396481998&q=rodrigo+duterte+contributions&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEw
i ngteEk-DqAhXFMd4KHXwIC3sQ1QIoAXoECBgQAg&biw=1280&bih=560
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1 – PICTO GALLERY

(GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, GOVERNANCE, PRESIDENTS)
Activity 2 – MY HUNTING TIME…..
1. COMMONWEALTH
2. SPANISH RULE
3. PRE-SPANISH
4. AMERICAN REGIME
5. JAPANESE RULE
6. BALANGAY
7. GOVERNOR-GENERAL
8. MILITARY RULE
9. PUPPET GOVERNMENT
10. MAHARLIKA
Activity 3 – WHAT I KNOW (Answers may vary)
Activity 4- MY PRESIDENT’S LEAGUE
1. EMILIO AGUINALDO- 1ST Philippine President
2. MANUEL QUEZON- 1ST Elected in National Election
3. JOSE P. LAUREL – Puppet Government President
4. SERGIO OSMENA – Oldest President at 65
5. MANUAL ROXAS – 1ST President of 3rd Republic
6. ELPIDIO QUIRINO – Created Rural Banks

8
7. RAMON MAGSAYSAY – established National Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) among other agrarian reforms
8. CARLOS GARCIA – Filipino first policy
9. DIASDADO MACAPAGAL -Change independence day from July 4 to June 12
10. FERDINAND MARCOS – Declared Martial Law
11. CORAZON AQUINO – 1st woman president
12. FIDEL RAMOS – Philippines 2000
13. JOSEPH ESTRADA- “ERAP para sa mahirap”
14. GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO – peso became the best-performing
currency of the year in Asia in 2007
15. BENIGNO AQUINO III – initiated K-12 education in the
Philippines 16.RODRIGO DUTERTE – “War against Drugs”
Activity 5 – TRUE OR FALSE
1. LIKE
2. DISLIKE
3. DISLIKE
4. DISLIKE
5. LIKE
6. DISLIKE
7. LIKE
8. LIKE
9. LIKE
10. DISLIKE
Activity 6 – IN MY OPINION (Answers may vary)
Activity 7 – MY SELF AS A LEADER (Answers may vary)
Activity 8 – MY TIMELINE (Outputs may vary)
Activity 9 – THE EVOLUTION (Answers may vary)
Activity 10 – ASSESSMENT
1. Benigno Aquino III

2. Corazon Aquino
3. Datu
4. Joseph Estrada
5. Carlos P. Garcia
6. Diosdado Macapagal
7. Military Governor
8. Rodrigo Duterte
9. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
10. Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic
Prepared by:
BAMBI D. DIVINA
Writer
8
GOVERNANCE
Name:
Grade Level:
Section:
Date:
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE GOVERNMENT
The Executive branch carries out laws. It is composed of the President and
the Vice President who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six
years. The Constitution grants the President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These
departments form a large portion of the country’s bureaucracy.
Key roles of the executive branch include:
 President – The President leads the country. He/she is the head of state,
leader of the national government, and Commander in Chief of all armed
forces of the Philippines. The President serves a six-year term and cannot be
re-elected.
 Vice President – The Vice President supports the President. If the President is
unable to serve, the Vice President becomes President. He/she serves a six-
year term.
 The Cabinet – Cabinet members serve as advisors to the President. They
include the Vice President and the heads of executive departments. Cabinet
members are nominated by the President and must be confirmed by the
Commission of Appointments.
Eligibility
Article 7, Section 2 of the Constitution reads: "No person may be elected

President unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter,
able to read and write, at least forty years of age on the day of the election, and a
resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such
election."
The Constitution also provides term limits where the president is ineligible for
re-election and a person who has succeeded as President and has served as such
for more than four years will be ineligible to be elected for a second term.

8
Election
The president is elected by direct vote every six years, usually on the second
Monday of May.
The returns of every election for President and Vice President, duly certified
by the board of canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to
Congress, directed to the president of the Senate. Upon receipt of the certificates of
canvass, the president of the Senate shall open all the certificates in the presence of
a joint public session of Congress not later than 30 days after Election Day.
Congress then canvasses the votes upon determining that the polls are authentic
and were done in the manner provided by law.
The person with the highest number of votes is declared the winner, but in
case two or more have the highest number of votes, the president is elected by a
majority of all members of both Houses, voting separately on each.
Powers of the President
Besides the constitution, the powers of the President of the Philippines are
specifically outlined in Executive Order No. 292, s. 1987, otherwise known as the
Administrative Code of 1987. The following powers are:
1. Power of control over the executive branch
The President of the Philippines has the mandate of control over all the
executive departments, bureaus, and offices. This includes restructuring,
reconfiguring, and appointments of their respective officials. The
Administrative Code also provides for the President to be responsible for the
abovementioned offices’ strict implementation of laws.
2. Power ordinance power
The President of the Philippines has the power to give executive

issuances, which are means to streamline the policy and programs of an
administration. There are six issuances that the President may issue. They
are the following as defined in the Administrative Code of 1987:
Executive orders — Acts of the President providing for rules of a
general or permanent character in implementation or execution of
constitutional or statutory powers shall be promulgated in executive orders.
Administrative orders — Acts of the President which relate to particular
aspects of governmental operations in pursuance of his duties as the
administrative head shall be promulgated in administrative orders.
Proclamations — Acts of the President fixing a date or declaring a
status or condition of public moment or interest, upon the existence of which
the operation of a specific law or regulation is made to depend, shall be
promulgated in proclamations which shall have the force of an executive
order.

8
Memorandum orders — Acts of the President on matters of
administrative detail, or of subordinate or temporary interest which only
concern a particular officer or government office shall be embodied in
memorandum orders.
Memorandum circulars — Acts of the President on matters relating to
internal administration, which the President desires to bring to the attention of
all or some of the departments, agencies, bureaus, or offices of the
government, for information or compliance, shall be embodied in
memorandum circulars.
General or special orders — Acts and commands of the President in
his capacity as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
shall be issued as general or special orders.
3. Power over aliens
The President of the Philippines has certain powers over non-Filipinos

in the Philippines. The powers he may exercise over foreigners in the country
are as follows:
 The chief executive may have an alien in the Philippines deported

from the country after due process.
 The President may change the status of a foreigner, as prescribed
by law, from a non-immigrant status to a permanent resident status
without necessity of visa.
 The President may choose to overrule the Board of Commissioners
of the Bureau of Immigration before their decision becomes final
and executory (after 30 days of the issuance of the decision). The
Board of Commissioners of the Bureau of Immigration has
jurisdiction over all deportation cases.
 The president is also mandated by the Administrative Code of 1987
to exercise powers as recognized by the generally accepted
principles of international law.
4. Powers of eminent domain, escheat, land reservation and recovery of ill-

gotten wealth
The President of the Philippines has the authority to exercise the power
of eminent domain. The power of eminent domains means the state has the
power to seize or authorize the seizure of private property for public use with
just compensation. There are two constitutional provisions, however, that limit
the exercise of such power: Article III, Section 9 (1) of the Constitution
provides that no person shall be deprived of his/her life, liberty, or property
without due process of law. Furthermore, Article III, Section 9 (2), provides
that private property shall not be taken for public use without just
compensation.
Once the aforementioned conditions are met, the President may
exercise the power of eminent domain which are as follows:
8
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times
8
Power of eminent domain — The President shall determine when it is
necessary or advantageous to exercise the power of eminent domain in
behalf of the national government, and direct the solicitor general, whenever
he deems the action advisable, to institute expropriation proceedings in the
proper court.
Power to direct escheat or reversion proceedings — The President shall direct the
solicitor general to institute escheat or reversion proceedings over all lands
transferred or assigned to persons disqualified under the constitution to acquire land.
5. Power of appointment
The President may appoint officials of the Philippine government as

provided by the constitution and laws of the Philippines. Some of these
appointments, however, may need the approval of the Committee on
Appointments (a committee composed of members from the House of
Representatives and the Senate of the Philippines).
6. Power of general supervision over local governments
The President of the Philippines, as chief executive, has the mandate

to supervise local governments in the Philippines, despite their autonomous
status as provided by Republic Act No. 7160 otherwise known as the Local
Government Code of 1991.
7. Other powers
Aside from the aforementioned powers of the President of the

Philippines, he can also exercise powers enumerated in the constitution, and
powers given to him by law. (Diplomatic power, Budgetary power, military
power, control power, veto power and other stated in the constitution)
Let’s check your understanding on the topic through answering series of activities.
Enjoy performing the different activities. If you have question/s feel free to text or
message the teacher via Facebook.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Analyze the roles and powers of the executive branch of the

government (Quarter 1, Week 9).

8
DIRECTIONS
Let’s Start!
Hello learner, this is THE EXECUTIVE ACTIVITY. Please sign the learning
agreement before answering the different activities. ENJOY!
LEARNING CONTRACT
_ _
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – THE EXECUTIVE Pic Looks Familiar

Determine the essential word/s using the pictures given. Use the
statements in the right box as your hint. Write your answers on the
space provided.
1. This is the official residence and

principal workplace of
the President of the Philippines.
Answer:
2. The head of the state and the

head of the government of
the Philippines
Answer:
__
3. The second-highest executive

official of the government of the
Philippines.
Answer:

8
4. They are the advisors of the
President.
Answer:
5. The power of the President to call

out the Armed Forces to prevent
or suppress lawless violence,
invasion or rebellion.
Answer:
6. The power of the president to

appoint the heads of the
executive departments,
ambassadors and the like.
Answer:
7. The power of the President to

enter into treaty or international
agreement.
Answer:

8
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – THE EXECUTIVE Ways!
The executive department plays vital role in the Philippine government most
especially when crises arise. In your own observation, identify and
explain at least three (3) powers of the President in addressing COVID
19. Write your answers on the graphic organizer below.
The Executive Ways

8
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – THE EXECUTIVE Cartoon!
The executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws. Draw an executive
cartoon or paste pictures on how the executive department performs their
roles and powers. Consider the following:
1. Consider the program of the President in an environmental concern.

2. Make it unique and eye catching.
3. Creativity, humor and familiar figures help.
4. Discuss your executive cartoon using the template below.
Executive Cartooning
Discussion
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LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 – THE EXECUTIVE Analysis!
The executive department represented by the President is given the
constitutional powers and roles. Analyze the roles and powers of the
executive branch through the granted temporary extraordinary powers
to the President to combat COVID-19. Read the article and answer the
process questions below.
Philippines: President Granted Temporary Extraordinary Powers to Combat

COVID-19
(Apr. 30, 2020) On March 25, 2020, the Philippine government announced the
approval of Republic Act 11469, a law granting extraordinary powers to President
Rodrigo Duterte aimed at combatting COVID-19.
Specifically, section 4 of the law authorizes the president to execute a wide
variety of financial and operational measures to address the pandemic, including
the following:
The government’s national budget is to be realigned due to the health crisis.

Thus, all unspent, unutilized, or unreleased special purpose funds sourced from
collections or receipts may be utilized by the president and are appropriated for
addressing the COVID-19 situation.
These funds will be used to provide approximately 18 million low-income

households with a monthly emergency subsidy.
In addition, public health workers will receive a COVID-19 risk allowance, in

addition to hazard pay.
The president may transform certain public hospitals (including the Philippine
General Hospital) into medical facilities dedicated to treat COVID-19 cases.
He may also temporarily request that the operations of privately-owned hospitals
and health facilities be directed toward housing health workers or serving as
quarantine areas.

9
The president may take over the operations of private companies that unjustifiably
refuse or signify that they are no longer able to operate due to the outbreak.
He can take pertinent measures aimed at protecting people from hoarding,
profiteering, and price manipulation.
He may require businesses to prioritize and accept contracts to deliver necessary

services and materials, and to expedite the production of essential medical
equipment and protective gear, subject to fair and reasonable terms.
The president must submit a weekly report to Congress of all acts performed and
funds utilized pursuant to the act during the preceding week. The report must
include the amount and utilization of the funds used, reprogrammed, and
realigned. (§ 5.)
The act will be in force for three months unless extended by Congress. The
powers granted under the act may be ended sooner by a concurrent resolution of
Congress or by presidential proclamation. (§ 9.)
Author: Gustavo Guerra

Topic: Emergency management, Epidemics, Executive powers, Infectious and
parasitic diseases, Public health
Jurisdiction: Philippines
Date: April 30, 2020
http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/philippines-president-
granted- temporary-extraordinary-powers-to-combat-covid-19/
Process Questions:
1. What is all about the article?
2. Are you amenable with the law granting extraordinary powers to President
Rodrigo Duterte to combat COVID-19? Why or why not?
3. What can you say on the roles and powers exercised by President
Rodrigo Roa Duterte in his administration in the Philippines?

9
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
The Executive Cartoon

5 4 3 Improvement
2
Message Key issue and Key issue and Key issue is Key issue and
cartoonist’s cartoonist’s identifiable; cartoonist’s
position are position are cartoonist’s position are
clearly identifiable. position may unclear.
identifiable. be unclear.
Visual Cartoon is neat Cartoon is neat Cartoon is Cartoon is
Presentation and clear; color and clean; somewhat messy; color
and and creative color and neat; some and graphics
Creativity graphics are creative color and are lacking;
used graphics are creative captions are
exceptionally used; captions graphics are omitted or
well; captions are readable. used; captions unreadable.
are readable. are included.
Content Cartoon clearly Cartoon Cartoon Cartoon
conveys an conveys conveys a conveys little
understanding understanding limited or no
of the issue; of the issue; understanding understanding
excellent use uses of the issue; of the issue;
of appropriate appropriate attempts to does not use
symbolism; title symbolism; title use symbolism;
is clear, clever, is clear and symbolism; title is missing.
and relevant to relevant to title is unclear
topic. topic. or irrelevant to
topic.
The Executive Analysis

5 4 3 Improvement
2
This paper is This paper is The writer is Topic is not well-
clear and mostly focused, beginning to define defined and/or
focused. It and has some the topic, even there are too many
holds the good details and though topics.
reader's quotes. development is still
Ideas attention. basic or general.
Relevant
details and
quotes enrich
the central
theme.

9
The Paper (and The organizational Sentences within
organization paragraphs) are structure is strong paragraphs make
enhances and mostly enough to move sense, but the
showcases the organized, in the reader through order of
central idea or order, and the text without too paragraphs does
theme. The makes sense to much confusion. not.
Organization order, the reader.
structure of
information is
compelling and
moves the
reader through
the text.
The writing The writing The text hums The text seems
has an easy mostly flows, and along with a choppy and is not
flow, rhythm, usually invites steady beat, but easy to read orally.
and cadence. oral reading. tends to be more
Sentences are businesslike than
Sentence well built, with musical, more
Fluency strong and mechanical than
varied fluid.
structure that
invites
expressive oral
reading.
REFLECTION
 I learned that

9
REFERENCES:
BOOK:
Tabajen, Rhene C. and Pulma, Erlinda B., Philippine Politics and Governance, JFS
Publishing Services Manila, Philippines: 2016
WEBSITES:
Guerra Gustavo. “Emergency management, Epidemics, Executive powers, Infectious

and parasitic diseases, Public health”. http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-
news/article/philippines-president-granted-temporary-extraordinary-powers-to-
combat-covid-19/ (accessed April 30, 2020)
Castillo Clarence. “Executive Department”.

https://www.slideshare.net/ClarenceCastillo/executive-department
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/about/gov/exec/#:~:text=The%20President%20i% 20the
%20Head,departments%2C%20bureaus%2C%20and%20offices
https://www.google.com/search?q=malacanang+palace&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjx
s6eqss7pAhVEUpQKHS6wA5YQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=Mala&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIABBDMgQIABBDM
g
QIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADoCC
ClQyi1Y3kFg8FRoAHAAeASAAdgCiAHlEJIBBzAuMy40LjKYAQCgAQGqAQt
nd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=iGbLXvHPJMSk0QSu4I6wCQ&bih=
597&biw=1242
https://www.google.com/search?q=president+duterte&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj8nZ
fJzL_qAhVPnUsFHahVASIQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=Pres&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgcIABCxAxBDMgQIABB
DMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgcIABCxAxBDMgQIABBDMgUIABCxA
zICCAAyBQgAELEDUNa_A1jJ0ANgleUDaABwAHgDgAGGB4gBtCCSAQkz
L
TIuMi4wLjOYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABAA&sclient=img&ei=p8AG
X7yuBs-6rtoPqKuFkAI&bih=597&biw=1242
https://www.google.com/search?q=vice+president+leni+robredo&tbm=isch&ved=2ah
UKEwiD7r_tzL_qAhWfhUsFHfGqCGUQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=Vice+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgBMgQIABBDMgQIABBDM
gQIABBDMgcIABCxAxBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMggIABCxAxCDATIECAAQ
QzICCAAyAggAOgUIABCxA1DJqwJYp9cCYJLrAmgEcAB4A4AB5waIAakgkg
9
ELMC40LjAuMy42LTOYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABAA&sclient=im
g &ei=88AGX8OoEJ-LrtoP8dWiqAY&bih=597&biw=1242
https://www.google.com/search?
q=cabinet+members+of+president+duterte&tbm=isc
h&ved=2ahUKEwiywqKNzb_qAhVsk0sFHT6SC9MQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=Cabine&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgFMgcIABCxAxBDMgQIA
BBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgUIABCxAzIECAAQQzIECAAQQzIFCAAQsQM
yAggAMgUIABCxAzoICAAQsQMQgwFQv_QCWMeLA2DMtwNoAHAAeASA
AZEFiAGrIpIBCTItMy4zLjAuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEA&sclie
nt=img&ei=NcEGX_LTNuymrtoPvqSumA0&bih=597&biw=1242
https://www.google.com/search?q=powers+of+the+president+of+the+philippines&tb
m=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiYkJGwzb_qAhWJOCsKHfqPCWEQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=Powers+of+the&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgDMgQIABBDMg
QIABBDMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6BwgAELE
DEEM6BQgAELEDUKzhA1i9hARggZoEaABwAHgEgAGrAogBjRaSAQYwLjE
2LjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABAA&sclient=img&ei=f8EGX9hUifG
sAfqfpogG&bih=597&biw=1242
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1 – The Executive Pic Looks Familiar
1. Malacañang Palace
2. President
3. Vice President
4. Cabinet Members
5. Military Power
6. Appointing Power
7. Diplomatic Power
Activity 2 – The Executive Ways
Either of the following:

1. Emergency powers
2. Special powers
3. Military power
4. Appointing power
5. Budgetary power
6. Diplomatic power

9
Explanations may vary

9
Activity 3 – The Executive Cartoon (Outputs may vary)
Activity 4 – The Executive Analysis (Answers may vary)
Prepared by:
RICHARD C. ESGUERRA
Writer

9
GOVERNANCE
Name:
Grade Level:
Section:
Date:
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PHILIPPINE SENATE AND THE

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
The legislative power is vested in a bicameral body, the Congress of the

Philippines, which is composed of two houses—the Senate and the House of
Representatives. The Congress of the Philippines is the country’s highest lawmaking
body. The Congress is responsible for making enabling laws to make sure the spirit
of the constitution is upheld in the country and, at times, amend or change the
constitution itself.
The table below shows the differences and similarities of the Senate and the
House of Representatives.
Senate House of Representatives
They are Senator Congressman/ Congress-woman
commonly
called as...
Composed of 24 Composed of not more than 250
Composition senators. members.
(visit www.senate.gov.ph (There are 243 representatives elected
to get to know our by district. In addition, there are 61
senators) Representatives elected through the
party-list system who constitute not
more
than twenty percent (20%) of the total
number of Representatives.)
Term of Office Serve six-years with a Serve three-years with a maximum
maximum of two of three consecutive terms
consecutive terms
Headed by the... Senate President Speaker of the House
Qualifications Must be a natural-born Must be a natural-born citizen of
citizen of the Philippines the Philippines, is at least twenty-five
and, is at least thirty-five (25) years of age, able to read and

1
years of age (35), able to write, and, except the party

1
read and write, a list representatives, a registered
registered voter, and a voter and a resident in the district in
resident of the which he shall be elected.
Philippines for not less
than two years
immediately preceding
the day of the election.
They ...the interests of the … the interests of the citizens who
represent.... citizens of the entire live in their respective congressional
country. district.
Check and Congress can call for the impeachment of the president, pass
Balances bills over a presidential veto with 2/3 vote.
Special Power Has the sole power to Has the power to impeach a
approve, via a two-thirds government official, in effect serving
supermajority, or as prosecutor.
denounce treaties, and
the power to try and
convict, via a two-thirds
supermajority, an
impeached official.
Roles and The Senate is The House of
Responsibilities responsible in all matters Representatives introduce bills and
proposing amendments resolutions, offer amendments and
to the Constitution of serve on committees.
the Philippines and the
compilation and revision
of existing codes and
laws; election laws and
implementation of
constitutional provisions
on initiative and
referendum on
legislative acts; recall of
elective officials; the role
and
rights of people's.
Powers 1. Congress has the power to remove from office
impeachable government officials, including the
President, Vice President, members of the Supreme Court,
members of constitutional commissions, and the
Ombudsman.
2. Congress has the “sole power to declare the existence
of a state of war,” according to Section 23 Article VI of the
Constitution.
3. Congress can revoke the President’s proclamation of
martial law by a vote of at least a majority of all members of
the Senate and the House.
4. Congress may authorize the President to exercise
powers to carry out a declared national policy “for a limited
period and subject to restrictions" in times of war or other
1
national emergency.

1
Congressional committees can conduct hearings "in aid of legislation” on
Congress is also involved in the .
Congress, through the Commission on Appointments, can approve or rej
Congress needs to concur with any granted by the president, according to
Congress is heavily involved in starting .
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Differentiate the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Senate and the
House of Representatives (Quarter 1 Week 10).
DIRECTIONS
Let’s Start!
LEARNING CONTRACT
_ _
Note: Make
Name this asover
of Student activity 1 Name
Printed Date
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – GET TO KNOW THE MEMBERS OF

1
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – GET TO KNOW THE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS
Perform what is indicated below.
1.1 Get to know your Senators

The box contain the names of the present 24 Senators of the Republic of the
Philippines. Match the correct answer with the correct picture. Place the letter
of your answer on the space before the number.
A. M. Joel Villanueva
B. aN.
Manuel "Lito" M. Lapid
Ronald "Bato" M. dela Rosa

Win Gatchalian
Francis "Kiko" Pangilinan Pacquiao Emmanuel "Manny" D.
Ramon Bong Revilla Jr. T.

Imee R. Marcos U. Francis "Tol" N. Tolentino
Pia S. Cayetano
Christopher Lawrence T. Go
1. 9. 17.
2. 10. 18.
3. 11. 19.

1
4. 12. 20.
5. 21.
13.
6. 22.
14.
7. 23.
15.
8. 24.
16.
1.2 Get to know your Representative/s
Write in the space provided below the full name of your

congressmen/representative in your province.

1
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – WHO DOES WHAT?
Read each statement carefully and decide if it is about the House of
Representatives, the Senate or both! Write the LETTER of the item
inside the Venn diagram where the statement belongs.
A. There are twenty-four members in this chamber.

B. It is composed of not more than two hundred and fifty members.
C. They passes bills onto the President to become laws.
D. The term of office for its members is six years.
E. The members of this house has a term reference of three years.
F. The function of this house is to make laws and scrutinize the work of
the Government.
G. Members represent citizens.
H. It is the only body that can concur with treaties, and can try impeachment cases.
I. This is headed by the Speaker of the House and is often referred to as
the “Lower House”.
J. This is often referred to as the “Upper House”.
K. They has the power to revoke the President’s proclamation of martial law by
a vote of at least a majority of all members of both chambers.
L. They are the only chamber that has the power to approve an impeached official.
M. They has the sole power to declare the existence of a state of war.
N. They introduce bills and resolutions, offer amendments and serve on committees.
O. They are involved in the national budget process
House of Representatives House of the Senate
BOTH

1
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 - HOW A BILL BECOMES A LAW?
From the information you will be learning below, answer the crossword
puzzle on “How a Bill Becomes a law” terms.
Congress is responsible for making enabling laws to make sure the spirit of
the constitution is upheld in the country and, at times, amend or change the
constitution itself. In order to craft laws, the legislative body comes out with two main
documents: bills and resolutions. Bills are laws in the making. They pass into law
when they are approved by both houses and the President of the Philippines.
Here is the legislative process on “How a Bill Becomes a Law”.
1. PREPARATION OF THE BILL - The Member or the Bill Drafting Division of

the Reference and Research Bureau prepares and drafts the bill upon the
Member's request.
2. FIRST READING
A. The bill is filed with the Bills and Index Service and the same is numbered
and reproduced.
B. Three days after its filing, the same is included in the Order of Business
for First Reading.
C. On First Reading, the Secretary General reads the title and number of
the bill. The Speaker refers the bill to the appropriate Committee/s.
3. COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION/ACTION
A. The Committee where the bill was referred to evaluates it to determine the
necessity of conducting public hearings. If the Committee finds it
necessary to conduct public hearings, it schedules the time thereof,
issues public notices and invites resource persons from the public and
private sectors, the academe and experts on the proposed legislation.
If the Committee finds that no public hearing is not needed, it schedules
the bill for Committee discussion/s.
B. Based on the result of the public hearings or Committee discussions,
the Committee may introduce amendments, consolidate bills on the

1
same

1
subject matter, or propose a subsitute bill. It then prepares the
corresponding committee report.
C. The Committee approves the Committee Report and formally transmits
the same to the Plenary Affairs Bureau.
4. SECOND READING
A. The Committee Report is registered and numbered by the Bills and
Index Service. It is included in the Order of Business and referred to the
Committee on Rules.
B. The Committee on Rules schedules the bill for consideration on
Second Reading.
C. On Second Reading, the Secretary General reads the number, title
and text of the bill and the following takes place:
a. Period of Sponsorship and Debate
b. Period of Amendments
c. Voting which may be by:
i. viva voce
ii. count by tellers
iii. division of the House; or
iv. nominal voting
5. THIRD READING
A. The amendments, if any, are engrossed and printed copies of the bill
are reproduced for Third Reading.
B. The engrossed bill is included in the Calendar of Bills for Third Reading and
copies of the same are distributed to all the Members three days before its
Third Reading.
C. On Third Reading, the Secretary General reads only the number and title
of the bill.
D. A roll call or nominal voting is called and a Member, if he desires, is given
three minutes to explain his vote. No amendment on the bill is allowed at
this stage.
a. The bill is approved by an affirmative vote of a majority of the
Members present.
b. If the bill is disapproved, the same is transmitted to the Archives.
6. TRANSMITTAL OF THE APPROVED BILL TO THE SENATE - The

approved bill is transmitted to the Senate for its concurrence.
7. SENATE ACTION ON APPROVED BILL OF THE HOUSE- The bill

undergoes the same legislative process in the Senate.
8. CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
A. A Conference Committee is constituted and is composed of Members
from each House of Congress to settle, reconcile or thresh out differences
or disagreements on any provision of the bill.
B. The conferees are not limited to reconciling the differences in the bill but
may introduce new provisions germane to the subject matter or may report
out an entirely new bill on the subject.
1
C. The Conference Committee prepares a report to be signed by all
the conferees and the Chairman.
D. The Conference Committee Report is submitted for consideration/approval
of both Houses. No amendment is allowed.
9. TRANSMITTAL OF THE BILL TO THE PRESIDENT

Copies of the bill, signed by the Senate President and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives and certified by both the Secretary of the Senate
and the Secretary General of the House, are transmitted to the President.
10. PRESIDENTIAL ACTION ON THE BILL

A. If the bill is approved the President, the same is assigned an RA number
and transmitted to the House where it originated.
B. If the bill is vetoed, the same, together with a message citing the reason
for the veto, is transmitted to the House where the bill originated.
11. ACTION ON APPROVED BILL

The bill is reproduced and copies are sent to the Official Gasette Office for
publication and distribution to the implementing agencies. It is then included in
the annual compilation of Acts and Resolutions.
12. ACTION ON VETOED BILL

The message is included in the Order of Business. If the Congress decides to
override the veto, the House and the Senate shall proceed separately to
reconsider the bill or the vetoed items of the bill. If the bill or its vetoed items is
passed by a vote of two-thirds of the Members of each House, such bill or
items shall become a law.

1
Crossword: “How a Bill Becomes a Law” terms
1 2
3 4
5 6
10 11
12 13
14
15
ACROSS
1 It is composed of 10 A draft of a proposed law 3 The elected member
two houses – the 11 A collective name for of the lower house
Senate and the either of the two legislative of the legislature
House of Represen- bodies (House of Repre- 4 A formal expression
tatives. It is the sentatives or Senate) or preference for a
highest lawmaking 12 A minor change candidate, resolution
body of the or addition designed or issue
Philippines. to improve a text or 6 To declare null and
5 A group of people piece of legislation. void; to set aside
delegated to perform a 13 Ordered list of matters 7 The elected member
function, such as to be considered (as of a Senate or Upper
considering, bills in a legislative House of the legislature
investigating, session)
reporting, or acting on 14 To be engage in
a matter. formal discussion or
8 The system of rules argument; discussing
which a particular and investigating all
country or community sides of an issue
recognizes as 15 It is a branch of govern-
regulating the actions ment that is authorized
of its members and to make laws, alter, and
which it may enforce by repeal them through the
the imposition of power vested in the Phili-
penalties. ppine Congress.
9 It refers to the authority
that exercises control DOWN
and administration of 2 The collective name
public policy in a given to the legislative
political unit (such as a body; includes both
state or nation) the House and the Senate.

1
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 – RESEARCH WORK!
.
Make a research about the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, officially
designated as Republic Act No. 11479, which was signed into law by
President Rodrigo Duterte last July 3, 2020, whose stated intent is to prevent,
prohibit and penalize terrorism in the Philippines. The new law penalizes, among
others, incitement of terrorism by “means of speeches, proclamations, writings,
emblems, banners or other representations.” Progressive organization and human
rights groups denounced the passage of the anti-terror bill as they feared it might be
prone to abuse, human rights violations, and silence critics.
Based from your readings, make a REACTION PAPER about the
issue. You will be graded using the rubric below.

1
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
Effective Adequate Marginal Inadequate

5 pts 4 pts 3 pts 1 pt
Description of Presents a Presents the Attempts
Addresses the to
Issue clearly focused topic address topic
topic, though
Describe the issue. main idea that satisfactorally. but with little
the focus may
Explain why is it an
issue. addresses the shift. or no success
topic. in establishing
a focus.
First Viewpoint Develops the Develops the Develops the Is weak in the
Present and position with
position with position with use of relevant
discuss one side of
the issue compelling logically sound relevant reasons or
reasons reasons reasons examples.
and/or and/or and/or
persuasive well-chosen examples.
examples. examples.
Opposing Develops the Develops the Develops the Is weak in the
Viewpoint position with position with position with use of relevant
Present and compelling logically sound relevant reasons or
discuss an
opposing position reasons reasons reasons examples.
and/or and/or well- and/or
persuasive chosen examples.
examples. examples.
Research/ Presents very Presents Presents Presents little
Argument thorough research and some research or no research
Identify and discuss research and uses the and attempted and does not
the Science ideas
behind the issue uses the
research to create a present a
research to
effectively to case for an coherent case
create a create a alternative for an
strong case convincing solution. alternative.
for an alternative
alternative solution.
solution.
My Position Presents an Presents a Presents a Is unclear or
Explain what I insightful clear position vague or seriously
believe and why I
feel this way. position on the on the issue. limited limited in
issue. position on the preenting or
issue. developing a
position on the
issue.
Spelling and No One to two Three to four More than four
Punctuation grammatical or grammatical or grammatical or grammatical or
spelling or spelling or spelling or spelling or
punctuation punctuation punctuation punctuation
errors. errors. errors. errors.
Paper All sections Topics are Some topics Most topics
Asthetics present and discussed, but discussed and are missing.
What does my well not in logical order is
1
essay look like? organized. order. uncertain.

1
REFLECTION
 I learned that
__
REFERENCES:
BOOK:
Tabajen, Rhene C. and Erlinda B. Pulma (2016), Philippine Politics and
Governance, JFS Publishing Services, Manila Philippines
WEBSITES:
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/about/gov/the-legislative-branch/
http://www.congress.gov.ph/legisinfo/?v=students
https://www.slideshare.net/brianbelen/the-philippine-legislature
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/338191/santiago-its-more-fun-to-be-a-senator
https://www.slideshare.net/MarrieAngelaSantiago/ph-legislative

1
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1
1.1 Get to Know your Senators
1. D
2. C
3. L
4. P
5. T
6. A
7. W
8. B
9. Q
10. F
11. X
12. K
13. R
14. E
15. O
16. J
17. S
18. G
19. V
20. N
21. I
22. U
23. M
24. H
1.2 Get to Know your Representative - Answers may vary
Activity 2: WHO DOES WHAT?

Senate – A, D, H, J, L
House of Representative – B, E, F, I, N
Both – C, G, K, M, O

1
Activity 3: Crossword Puzzle
C O N G R E S S
R V E
E O N
P T C O M M I T T E E
R I V R S
E N E L A W E
S G O V E R N M E N T L N
E R A A
N B I L L H O U S E T
T D S O
A M E N D M E N T C A L E N D A R
T M
I D E B A T E
V L
L E G I S L A T I V E Y
Activity 4. Research Work – Answers may vary
Prepared by:
RHODA G. REYNO
Writer

1

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Philippine Politics and

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Learning Activity Sheet

Chief Educ. Supervisor, CLMD Chief Education Supervisor, CID

Printed by DepEd Regional Office No. 02

Explain the concept, relationship and importance of politics,

Differentiate the political ideologies 20

Analyze the nature, dimensions/types, and consequences of power 36

Analyze the relationships among nations and states in the context of

Analyze the evolution of Philippine Politics and Governance 62

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

THE CONCEPT, RELATIONSHIP AND IMPORTANCE OF POLITICS,

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

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IMPORTANCE OF POLITICS, GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT

POLITICS GOVERNANCE GOVERNMENT

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Provide the parameters for

Explain the concept, relationship and importance of politics, governance and

HOW TO USE THIS MATERIAL?

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: Pick Me Up!

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Manage of governing, controlling, or directing a State

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3: Connect Me!

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RUBRIC FOR SCORING

Rubric for the activities except essay writing

SUPERIOR EXTRORDINARY CAPABLE SPECIFIED NEED TO DO

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 I want to learn more _ _

Blume, Klaus (2018), Psychology and Political Science, University of Alberta

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“Politics and Governance with Constitution”.

“Why Good Governance is important?”

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1 process by which governance

1 study and methods of 2 know-how and action

2 Manage of 3 the set-up that governs

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Every law that is Thus, what will follow is To protect people

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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

An ideology is a system of political beliefs; an action oriented set of political

In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals,

Some political ideologies are:

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3. Fascism- its core theme is an idea of an organically unified national

4. Liberalism- its core theme is a commitment to the individual and the