Cloud Computing

Table of contents
P1.Analyze the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing 2
P2 Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given
scenario. 9
P3. Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario. 13
P4 Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for a given
scenario. Which service model should be used and why ? 14

P1.Analyze the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing

1. Evolution of Cloud Computing

 a) What is cloud computing:
Cloud computing, also known as virtual server computing. This is a
computing platform based on the Internet that mixes computer
technologies, which uses the internet and remote central servers to keep
data and programs up to date. Beside, it includes software as a service,
Web 2.0, and other contemporary challenges and important technology
trends, with the major focus on the issue of relying on the Internet to
supply users' using on their devices. (Ranger, 2022)
b) Why cloud comptuing important:
Because cloud computing provides so many advantages to customers in
terms of business efficiency, cost savings, and competitive advantages, a
substantial portion of the business community continues to deploy it.
(Ranger, 2022)
Common benefits of using cloud computing:
● Cost savings
● Security
● Flexibility
● Mobility
● Disater Recovery
c) How cloud computing work:

To use cloud computing, you need terminal equipments that can connect to
the network to be able to use it. In other words, cloud technology works
through data centers from service providers. Instead of using hard storage
space on your own phone, computer or tablet, your information is stored in
virtual servers. These virtual servers are linked to massive data centers that
have the essential facilities to store and safeguard your information.

Figure 1 Cloud Computing

For example, Gmail, Yahoo mail, Facebook, Hotmail, Orkut, and other cloud
computing services are among the most basic and widely used. This is a
technology that is currently being used in enterprises or by individuals by using
desktop, tablet, etc.
2. Evolution of Cloud Computing

Figure 2 Evolution of Cloud Computing

Distributed systems:

In the 1950s, the term "distributed system" was invented to describe a computing
environment. Different components are spread across several computers that are
linked together by a network.

These devices split up the work, sharing their resources to complete the task more
quickly than if only one device was in control. (anukruti16, 2021)

Mainframe computing:

A distributed system platform was used to create this. Large organizations use
mainframe computing for critical applications, bulk data processing, massive
throughput, hot-swapping of hardware. (anukruti16, 2021)

Cluster computing

Cluster computing emerged in the 1980s as a better solution to mainframe

computer. Each machine in the cluster was connected to the others via a high-
bandwidth network. (anukruti16, 2021)

Grid computing

In 1990s, A group of computers works together to perform a task that would be

impossible for a single computer to do. All machines on the network must follow
the same protocol in order to function as a virtual supercomputer. (anukruti16,
2021)

Virtualization:
This program separates computational environments from physical infrastructures,
making it possible to run several operating systems and applications on the same
computer. It's the basis for key cloud computing services like Amazon EC2,
VMware vCloud, and others. (anukruti16, 2021)

Web 2.0:

Web 2.0 was coined in 2004 to define the present status of online technology in
comparison to the early days of the internet. It involves enhanced communication
routes as well as increased user involvement and collaboration. (anukruti16, 2021)

Service orientation:

It serves as a model for cloud computing. It provides low-cost, adaptable, and

evolvable applications. Two important aspects were introduced in this computer
model. The themes were Quality of Service (QoS), which includes SLAs (Service
Level Agreements), and Software as a Service (SaaS). (anukruti16, 2021)

Utility computing:

Clients, users, and organizations can rent data storage space, computational
power, and even hardware like CPUs, displays, and other computer components.
Besides, users can scale up and down dependent on their needs with utility
computing (anukruti16, 2021)

Cloud Computing

By 2007, the cloud service had evolved into a strong service platform that now
underpins all types of cloud services. (anukruti16, 2021)

To summarize, cloud computing has come a long way since its inception in the
early 1950s. Increasing job productivity has become a standard for both
businesses and individuals. As a result, many ideas for taking the cloud to the next
level evolved in the decades that followed.

3. Fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing

a) Role and Boundaries

Depending on how they relate to and/or interact with the cloud and its hosted IT
resources, organizations and individuals can take on a variety of roles. The
following presentations represent the basic roles below. (Thomas Erl, Zaigham
Mahmood, Ricardo Puttini, 2013)

Cloud Provider & Cloud Consumer:

Cloud consumers use a cloud service consumer to access a cloud from a cloud
provider because they own IT resources.

Figure 3 Cloud consumer and provider

Cloud Service Owner

The entity that purchases cloud services from a cloud service provider, such as
Platform or Infrastructure as a Service, then adds components and configuration to
give the required mission functionality to the cloud consumer.

Figure 4 Cloud service owner model

Boundaries &Trust Boundary

Organizational boundaries" is a term used in cloud mainly to distinguish one

organization from a separate but related company.
A trust boundary is a conceptual border that generally extends beyond physical
bounds and represents the level of trust placed in IT resources.

Figure 5 Trust boundary

b) Cloud Characteristics
To enable successful remote provisioning of scalable and measured IT resources,
an IT environment must have a specified set of features. For an IT environment to
be deemed an effective cloud, these traits must be present to a significant degree.
(Thomas Erl, Zaigham Mahmood, Ricardo Puttini, 2013)

The bulk of cloud environments share the following six distinct characteristics:

on-demand usage

• ubiquitous access

• multitenancy (and resource pooling)

• elasticity

• measured usage

• resiliency

c) Cloud Delivery Models

A cloud delivery model is a pre-packaged combination of IT resources that a
cloud provider offers. (Thomas Erl, Zaigham Mahmood, Ricardo Puttini, 2013)
There are three main cloud service delivery models have gained widespread
acceptance and formalization:

● Software as a Service (SaaS) :

SaaS is the most well-known of the three cloud service delivery models.
That is the most using by user. For example, Netflix, Drive, Dropbox...etc.
● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 
Typically, a company's IT infrastructure was kept on-site. This meant that
businesses had to invest in expensive gear like servers and storage on a
regular basis and guarantee that everything was up to current.
● Platform as a Service (PaaS) 
A solution stack is another name for this type of cloud service delivery
strategy. It allows businesses to design, run, and administer cloud-based
software without having to invest in physical infrastructure

d) Cloud Deployment Models

A cloud deployment model is a form of cloud environment defined primarily by
ownership, scale, and access. (Thomas Erl, Zaigham Mahmood, Ricardo Puttini,
2013)

The following are the four most prevalent cloud deployment models:

● Public cloud:
The name says it all: data is created and kept on third-party servers in
public clouds, which are open to the whole public.
For companies operating in industries with low privacy concerns, the
public cloud deployment strategy is the best option.

Figure 6 Public cloud

● Private cloud:
 From a technological standpoint, there is little to no difference between a
public and a private model because their structures are relatively similar.

Figure 7 Private cloud

● Community cloud:
The sole difference between a community deployment model and a private
deployment approach is the number of users. The infrastructure and related
resources of a community cloud are shared by numerous organizations
with comparable backgrounds, whereas the infrastructure and related
resources of a private cloud server are owned by only one corporation.

Figure 8 Community cloud

● Hybrid cloud:
A hybrid cloud, as with any hybrid phenomenon, combines the best
aspects of the previously discussed deployment patterns (public, private
and community). It enables businesses to combine the aspects of the three
categories that best suit their needs.

Figure 9 Hydrid cloud

P2 Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for
a given scenario.
Cloud computing is a network access model that enables adaptive, advantageous, and
on-demand network access to a collective pool of adjustable and configurable
computing physical resources, such as networks, servers, bandwidth, and storage, that
can be quickly provisioned and released with minimal supervision effort or service
provider interaction. From a business standpoint, the viability of Cloud Computing
and recent breakthroughs in Grid computing have ushered in a platform that has
pushed virtualization technology into the era of high-performance computing. Clouds,
on the other hand, are an Internet-based notion that tries to hide the complexity
overhead for end users. Cloud service providers (CSPs) use a variety of structural
designs for computing resources, as well as self-service capabilities and ready-to-use
facilities, all of which are enabled by network infrastructure, particularly the internet,
which is critical.

Figure 10: Cloud computing system Architecture diagrams

Front-end & Back-end
● Front-end

The term "front end architecture" refers to any aspect of cloud computing architecture
that is geared toward users. This is the part of the user experience that the end user
interacts with, and it is made up of subcomponents. The user interacts with software
for cloud compute through the front end architecture, which usually takes the shape of
a user interface. The majority of today's IT professionals will interface with cloud
software architecture mostly on the front end. Web browsers, local networks, and
common web applications are all part of the front-end architecture. Gmail, a popular
cloud service used by millions of users every day, features a web application as its
front end architecture.
 ● Back-end

The element of the cloud computing architecture that powers the front end
architecture is called back end architecture. This contains the system's essential
components, such as hardware and storage, and is usually housed in a server farm at a
remote site. The back end architecture is handled by the cloud service provider
providing cloud software. Popular cloud providers, such as Amazon Web Services
(AWS), have solid backend architecture to assure low latency uptime. Furthermore, a
robust front-end cloud architecture contributes to the creation of a solution that is both
reliable and simple to use.

Figure 11: Front-end & Back-end Architecture of Cloud Computing

Components of Cloud Computing Architecture
● Client Infrastructure:

Client Infrastructure is a front-end component that provides a GUI. It helps users to

interact with the Cloud.

● Application:

The application can be any software or platform which a client wants to access.

● Service:

The service component manages which type of service you can access according to
the client’s requirements.

Three Cloud computing services are:

 ● Software as a Service (SaaS)
● Platform as a Service (PaaS)
● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

● Runtime Cloud:

Runtime cloud offers the execution and runtime environment to the virtual machines.

● Storage:

Storage is another important Cloud computing architecture component. It provides a

large amount of storage capacity in the Cloud to store and manage data.

● Infrastructure:

It offers services on the host level, network level, and application level. Cloud
infrastructure includes hardware and software components like servers, storage,
network devices, virtualization software, and various other storage resources that are
needed to support the cloud computing model.

● Management:

This component manages components like application, service, runtime cloud,

storage, infrastructure, and other security matters in the backend. It also establishes
coordination between them.

● Security:

Security in the backend refers to implementing different security mechanisms for

secure Cloud systems, resources, files, and infrastructure to the end-user.

● Internet:

Internet connection acts as the bridge or medium between frontend and backend. It
allows you to establish the interaction and communication between the frontend and
backend.

Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture

Following are the cloud computing architecture benefits:

● Makes the overall Cloud computing system simpler.

● Helps to enhance your data processing.
● Provides high security.
● It has better disaster recovery.
● Offers good user accessibility.
● Significantly reduces IT operating costs.
P3. Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario.

I. Four deployment model:

There are 4-deployment model:

• Private Cloud.

• Hybrid Cloud.

• Public Cloud.

• Community Cloud.

Compare four cloud Deployment Models:

Public Private Community Hybrid

Ease of setup Easy Requires IT Requires IT Requires IT
and use proficiency proficiency proficiency
Data security Low High Comparatively High
and high
privacy
Data control Little to none High Comparatively Comparatively
high high
Reliability Vulnerable High Comparatively High
high
Scalability and High High Fixed capacity High
flexibility
Cost- The cheapest Cost-intensive, Cost is shared Cheaper than a
effectiveness one the most among private model
expensive one community but more costly
members than a public
 one
Demand for in- No Depends Depends Depends
house hardware

II. Deployment model for ATN Company:

As the problem posed in the ATN article is that the company is a large company with
a high-yielding product chain, on the other hand, ATN has a lot of stores spread
across the country, so the system's stability, information security, and reliability is a
top priority, so private cloud is the private cloud choice for ATN. ATN, on the other
hand, requires skilled IT staff to operate the private cloud system, so deploying a
private cloud for third parties to handle system operation and protection is an
additional option.

P4 Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for

a given scenario. Which service model should be used and why ?

I. What are SaaS,PaaS and laaS ?

What is SaaS?
Infrastructure as a Service: Another company will lease you infrastructure
(infrastructure) including server, hard drive, network. You can install whatever you
want, you can put any code on it.

What is PaaS ?.
Platform as a Service: The provider will take care of you from OS (Windows or
Linux) to Runtime (Docker, NodeJS, C#, Java), just put the code in and run.

What is Laas ?
Software as a Service: The software is provided as a service, users will pay a
monthly rental such as Gmail, Dropbox, Salesforce ...
Some examples of providers.
It can be seen that most of the Cloud Providers such as Google, Amazon,
Azure all provide services in the form of IaaS or PaaS to deploy the product.. And
SaaS means software products that software companies provide under service form.
 SUPPLIER

SaaS Google Apps, Dropbox, Salesforce,

Cisco WebEx, Concur, GoToMeeting

PaaS AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows

Azure, Heroku, Force.com, Google App
Engine, Apache Stratos, OpenShift

IaaS DigitalOcean, Linode, Rackspace,

Amazon Web Services (AWS), Cisco
Metapod, Microsoft Azure, Google
Compute Engine (GCE)

Compare Cloud service operation process

IaaS Azure will create for you a virtual server (VPS), available
Windows/Linux, available network and IP. You just need to
ssh/remote desktop into that server, install PHP/C#/NodeJS,
deploy the application and you're done.

PaaS Azure/AWS/cty hosting has made available an environment for

you with PHP/C#/NodeJS available. You only need to upload the
code that time, the product is already running.

SaaS You use the Application provided by a party, no need to install

any server. When there is a problem, please fix it there!
 II. SaaS,PaaS and laaS comparison
How to choose between IaaS, PaaS or SaaS
● The lower the level, the more you have to manage (rent and manage the server
yourself, install the OS and runtime yourself). This will take a lot of effort and
money (to hire IT staff). However, you will have more control, choose the
hardware, choose the operating system,.
● Going higher, you will use more services provided by other parties. You will
save time doing odd things like installing the network, managing the server,
but the service side will take care of it all.
● At higher levels you will be more comfortable, but will have less control and
choice. Therefore, how to choose depends on the needs of the company and
business.

In
Vietnam, most large companies use On-Premise form, building their own
infrastructure because they have money to feed the IT team. Overseas, startups, small
and medium-sized companies often use IaaS or PaaS provided by Google, Amazon,
and Azure to reduce IT costs.

III. Which service model should be used and why ?

Most companies use SaaS for day-to-day operations (instead of self-
development),SaaS is considered a development, a superior 4.0 model compared to
on-premise software (a form of permanently used software acquired by businesses).
Suitable audience for using Saas:
● Suitable for small startups, wishing to run services for websites to promote
marketing.
● Suitable for short-term projects that need collaborators to work remotely.
● Infrequently accessed applications such as.
● For web and mobile apps.

Advantages:
Cost savings: The use of a single internal connection system increases the costs
significantly in installation, repair and upgrading. With SaaS, the designer has created
a uniform platform suitable for the actual situation of the business.

System Scaling: Easy scalability is a common advantage of cloud databases, so is

SaaS. They allow you to double, triple or more the number of accounts. Combined
with new software does not affect the existing infrastructure, database.
Best software features: The IT department is on hand to handle any additional
technical issues. This will be guaranteed from the service provider, if there are any
errors such as fixing bugs, maintaining security, maintaining the system running
smoothly, ....

Easy to use/Flexible and convenient: Deploying services through an Internet

connection, the SaaS model supports users to access from anywhere, from any device
as long as there is a network.
Reference

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