Cissp 2022 Update Dom1 Handout

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CISSP EXAM CRAM

THE COMPLETE COURSE


GET CERTIFIED FAST!
Coverage of all 8 domains
Strategy guidance
Proven learning techniques

with Pete Zerger vCISO, CISSP, MVP


WHO AM I?
Cybersecurity Strategist
vCISO for a regional bank
Speaker and Author
16-time Microsoft MVP
LinkedIn Learning Instructor
Content Developer (YouTube)
MORE IMPORTANTLY…

Last year, I helped thousands


achieve cybersecurity
certifications, including CISSP
About CISSP EXAM CRAM VIDEOS
GOAL: To help you get further, faster in your CISSP exam prep!

This series gets right to the point and eliminates the fluff!
Focuses on key characteristics of each concept to help you
identify right (and wrong) answers on exam day.
Content utilizes several proven learning methods to
accelerate your learning.
I will share techniques you can apply in your study

I intentionally speak at 115-125 words a minute.


If English is not your first language, this may be perfect!
PACE If English is your 1st language, 1.25x may be better for you.
About CISSP EXAM CRAM VIDEOS
GOAL: To help you get further, faster in your CISSP exam prep!

High probability exam topics


High difficulty concepts
Frequent sources of questions
Areas that require process memorization

I want to direct your focus to high probability


and high difficulty topics to optimize your prep!
I N T R O D U C T I O N : SERIES OVERVIEW

Lessons in this video:

Exam prep strategy


Domains 1-8
…I will also offer a few separate, shorter videos to drill down
on what students report to be the most challenging areas!
I N T R O D U C T I O N : SERIES OVERVIEW

Table of contents in
the video description
so you can skip ahead to topic of your choice!
A pdf copy of the presentation is
available in the video description!

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CISSP EXAM CRAM
THE COMPLETE COURSE

Link to additional resources, FAQs,


exam updates, and errata in the
description beneath the video
When choosing
your answers…

THINK LIKE A
MANAGER short version
DUE DILIGENCE VS DUE CARE

practicing the activities that maintain


the due care effort.

doing what a reasonable person would


do in a given situation. It is sometimes
called the “prudent man” rule.

Together, these will reduce senior management’s


culpability & (downstream) liability when a loss occurs.
Decision

Research Implementation
Planning Operation (upkeep)
Evaluation Reasonable measures

INCREASES understanding “PRUDENT MAN” RULE


and REDUCES risk

Largely before the decision Doing after the decision

DUE DILIGENCE DUE CARE


before Decision after

Think BEFORE Actions speak


you act! louder than words

Do Detect Do Correct

DUE DILIGENCE DUE CARE


before Decision after

EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
Knowledge and research of: Delivery or execution including:
✓ Laws and Regulations ✓ Reporting security incidents
✓ Industry standards ✓ Security awareness training
✓ Best practices ✓ Disabling access in a timely way

DUE DILIGENCE DUE CARE


know your priorities
Roles & Risks Priorities & Objectives
YOU ARE HERE! human safety, business
continuity, protect profits,
CISO Strategic reduce liability & risk
long term

IT Director or Tactical policy and planning


Manager midrange

implement and
IT Engineer Operational operate
short term

Security Planning Horizons


During the exam, think of yourself
as an outside security consultant
DON’T TOUCH, advising an organization

advise!
During the exam, think of yourself
as an outside security consultant
advising an organization
You are advising on strategy,
DON’T TOUCH, priorities, and safety, not doing!
advise! Brings focus to process, role,
due diligence and due care
CISSP
EXAM the full story

CRAM How do I master the


30:05 “CISSP Mindset”?
CISSP EXAM CRAM
THE COMPLETE COURSE

STRATEGY
There is no

AWARD
for the longest
STUDY TIME!
How long does it take to memorize anything?
1st repetition Right after learning
2nd repetition After 15-20 min
3rd repetition After 6-8 hours
4th repetition After 24 hours
5th repetition After 48 hours

1st repetition Right after learning


2nd repetition After 20-30 min
3rd repetition After 1 day
4th repetition After 2-3 weeks
5th repetition After 2-3 months
24 hours
1 week

20 min

THE POWER OF

REPETITION
spaced repetition
100 Spaced Repetition

1st session 2nd session 3rd session

Forgetting curve

Forgetting curve longer and


shallower with repetition
0
Spaced repetition
1st repetition Right after learning
2nd repetition After 15-20 min
3rd repetition After 6-8 hours
4th repetition After 24 hours
5th repetition After 48 hours

1st repetition Right after learning


2nd repetition After 20-30 min
3rd repetition After 1 day
4th repetition After 2-3 weeks
5th repetition After 2-3 months
MEMORIZING VS UNDERSTANDING

Studies show understanding you


memorize greatly improves retention
or memory device, is a
learning technique that makes
MNEMONIC memorizing information easier

device
A common technique is the
expression mnemonic aka
MNEMONIC an acronym
device
The best mnemonic devices are
simple, relevant, and visual
MNEMONIC
device
We’ll start with an example
using a first letter mnemonic
MNEMONIC
device
THE OSI MODEL
Away 7 Application All

Pizza 6 Presentation People

Sausage 5 Session Seem

Throw 4 Transport To
|
Not 3 Network Need

Do 2 Data Link Data

Please 1 Physical Processing


THE OSI MODEL
Aside 7 Application All

Processes 6 Presentation People

Security 5 Session Seem

Toss 4 Transport To
|
Not 3 Network Need

Do 2 Data Link Data

Please 1 Physical Processing


INCIDENT MANAGEMENT framework
1 Detection
DRMRRRL
2 Response

3 Mitigation

4 Reporting
|
5 Recovery

6 Remediation

7 Lessons Learned
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT framework
1 Detection
DRMRRRL
2 Response

3 Mitigation

4 Reporting
|
5 Recovery

6 Remediation

7 Lessons Learned
Chunking is a technique of
breaking info into smaller
MNEMONIC pieces that make sense
device
chunking

cryptography
Asymmetric Hashes
Block ciphers
Symmetric

break into “chunks” based on a unique property


cryptography
NAME TYPE HASH VALUE LENGTH STILL IN USE? REPLACED BY
HMAC Hash Variable Very Strong -
HAVAL Hash 128, 160, 192, 224, 256

MD2 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.

Hash MD4 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.

Algorithms MD5 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.


SHA-1 Hash 160 No SHA-2

MD* SHA-224* Hash 224 Yes -


SHA-256* Hash 256 Yes -
Message Digest SHA-384* Hash 384 Yes -
SHA-512* Hash 512 Yes -
cryptography
NAME TYPE HASH VALUE LENGTH STILL IN USE? REPLACED BY
HMAC Hash Variable Very Strong -
HAVAL Hash 128, 160, 192, 224, 256

MD2 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.

Hash MD4 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.

Algorithms MD5 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.


SHA-1 Hash 160 No SHA-2

MD* SHA-224* Hash 224 Yes -


SHA-256* Hash 256 Yes -
Message Digest SHA-384* Hash 384 Yes -
SHA-512* Hash 512 Yes -
cryptography
NAME TYPE HASH VALUE LENGTH STILL IN USE? REPLACED BY
HMAC Hash Variable Very Strong -
HAVAL Hash 128, 160, 192, 224, 256

MD2 Hash 128 NO MD6, et. Al.

Hash MD4 Hash 128 NO MD6, et. Al.

Algorithms MD5 Hash 128 NO MD6, et. Al.


SHA-1 Hash 160 No SHA-2

MD* SHA-224* Hash 224 Yes -


SHA-256* Hash 256 Yes -
Message Digest SHA-384* Hash 384 Yes -
SHA-512* Hash 512 Yes -
cryptography
NAME TYPE HASH VALUE LENGTH STILL IN USE? REPLACED BY
HMAC Hash Variable Very Strong -
HAVAL Hash 128, 160, 192, 224, 256

MD2 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.

Hash MD4 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.

Algorithms MD5 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.


SHA-1 Hash 160 No SHA-2

SHA* SHA-224* Hash 224 Yes -


SHA-256* Hash 256 Yes -
Secure Hash SHA-384* Hash 384 Yes -
Algorithm
SHA-512* Hash 512 Yes -
cryptography
NAME TYPE HASH VALUE LENGTH STILL IN USE? REPLACED BY
HMAC Hash Variable Very Strong -
HAVAL Hash 128, 160, 192, 224, 256

MD2 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.

Hash MD4 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.

Algorithms MD5 Hash 128 No MD6, et. Al.


SHA-1 Hash 160 No SHA-2

SHA* SHA-224* Hash 224 Yes -


SHA-256* Hash 256 Yes -
Secure Hash SHA-384* Hash 384 Yes -
Algorithm
SHA-512* Hash 512 Yes -
cryptography
NAME TYPE HASH VALUE LENGTH STILL IN USE? REPLACED BY
HMAC Hash Variable Very Strong -
HAVAL Hash 128, 160, 192, 224, 256

MD2 Hash 128 No MD6, et. al.

Hash MD4 Hash 128 No MD6, et. al.

Algorithms MD5 Hash 128 No MD6, et. al.


SHA-1 Hash 160 NO SHA-2

SHA* SHA-224* Hash 224 YES -


SHA-256* Hash 256 YES -
SHA-384* Hash 384 YES -
SHA-512* Hash 512 YES -
80/20 STRATEGY
TARGETED POWERPOINT
READING REVIEW

PRACTICE LIVE QUIZ


EXAM (or flashcards)
HOW
to best use the
PRACTICE quizzes
to assess your
EXAM readiness?
S T U D Y G U I D E : CHAPTER-TO-DOMAIN MAPPINGS

1. Security and Risk Management 1-4


2. Asset Security 5
3. Security Architecture and Engineering 6 – 10
4. Communication and Network Security 11 – 12
5. Identity and Access Management 13 – 14
6. Security Assessment and Testing 15
7. Security Operations 16 – 19
8. Software Development Security 20 - 21
80/20 STRATEGY
TARGETED POWERPOINT
READING REVIEW

PRACTICE LIVE QUIZ


EXAM (or flashcards)
80/20 STRATEGY
TARGETED POWERPOINT
READING REVIEW

PRACTICE LIVE QUIZ


EXAM (or flashcards)
80/20 STRATEGY
TARGETED POWERPOINT
READING REVIEW

PRACTICE LIVE QUIZ


EXAM (or flashcards)
Use multiple sources

TARGETED LIVE QUIZ VIDEO


READING (or flashcards) CONTENT

PRACTICE POWERPOINT
EXAM REVIEW
CISSP EXAM CRAM
THE COMPLETE COURSE

Security and Risk


Management
I N T R O D U C T I O N : CISSP EXAM DOMAINS

1. Security and Risk Management 15% 15%

2. Asset Security 10% 10%

3. Security Architecture and Engineering 13% 13%

4. Communication and Network Security 14% 13%

5. Identity and Access Management 13% 13%

6. Security Assessment and Testing 12% 12%

7. Security Operations 13% 13%

8. Software Development Security 10% 11%


I N T R O D U C T I O N : CISSP EXAM DOMAINS
New in 2021 – a summary
The new syllabus for CISSP 2021 is not much
different from the earlier version of 2018.

1. NO CHANGE in EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS


2. NO CHANGE in NUMBER OF DOMAINS
(content in some domains has been expanded)
3. ALMOST NO CHANGE in DOMAIN WEIGHTS
4. NO MAJOR CHANGE in LINEAR EXAM INFORMATION
5. NO CHANGE in CAT EXAM DETAILS

A few new topics have been introduced in some of


the domains to keep up with the changing times.
About the cat exam FORMAT

3 hours, 100-150 Questions


Adapts based on your answer
Aims for 50-50 probability
Answers are final! No going back
Many think this makes the
CAT exam more difficult!
About the cat exam FORMAT

70% to pass the exam


Some questions are not scored
Only pass/fail reported
Fail even 1 domain, fail the exam!
CHANGE TO the cat exam starting June 1!

current CISSP CAT exam contains


25 pretest (unscored) items
25 more items will be added,
bringing total to 50 pretest items
Exam now 4 hours, 125-175 Questions

No other changes to syllabus or content


D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY & RISK MANAGEMENT

Understand risk and apply risk analysis process


Threat modeling concepts and processes
Compliance, legal, regulatory, and privacy
Professional ethics – Know the ISC2 code by heart
Security governance principles (ITIL, oversight)
Security policies, standards, procedures and
guidelines (know “suggested” vs. “mandatory”)
what’s new in domain 1 in 2021?

1.1 Understand, adhere to, and promote


professional ethics

This is a non-event.

For more cybersecurity exam prep tutorials, follow us on Youtube at Inside Cloud and Security
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY & RISK MANAGEMENT

KNOW

BY HEART!
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY & RISK MANAGEMENT

onfidentiality

ntegrity

vailability
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY & RISK MANAGEMENT

1
onfidentiality

2 3
ntegrity vailability
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY & RISK MANAGEMENT

onfidentiality
Access controls help ensure that only
authorized subjects can access objects
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY & RISK MANAGEMENT

ntegrity
Ensures that data or system configurations
are not modified without authorization
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY & RISK MANAGEMENT

vailability
Authorized requests for objects must
be granted to subjects within a
reasonable amount of time
D O M A I N 1 : ISC 2 CODE OF ETHICS

Memorize the ISC2 code of ethics


Protect society, the commonwealth,
and the infrastructure
Act honorably, honestly, justly,
responsibly, and legally
Provide diligent and competent
service to principals
Advance and protect the profession
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY POLICY DEVELOPMENT

There are four levels of security policy development:

Security procedures
Detailed step-by-step
Security guidelines
Offer recommendations
Security baselines
define “minimum levels”
Acceptable use policy
Assign roles and responsibilities
FOR THE When developing new safeguards,
EXAM you are establishing a new baseline
FOR THE
EXAM
…so, compliance with existing baselines
is not a valid consideration point.
D O M A I N 1 : RISK CATEGORIES

is a group of potential causes of risk.


Damage. Results in physical loss of an asset or
the inability to access the asset.
Disclosure. Disclosing critical information
regardless of where or how it was disclosed.
Losses. These might be permanent or temporary,
including altered data or inaccessible data
D O M A I N 1 : RISK FACTORS

Something that increases risk or susceptibility


Physical damage. Natural disaster, power loss or
vandalism.
Malfunctions. Failure of systems, networks, or
peripherals.
Attacks. Purposeful acts whether from the inside or
outside, such as unauthorized disclosure.
D O M A I N 1 : RISK FACTORS

Something that increases risk or susceptibility


Human errors. Usually considered accidental
incidents, whereas attacks are purposeful incidents.
Application errors. Failures of the application,
including the operating system.
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY PLANNING

Should include three types of plans


Strategic. Long term, stable plan that should include a
risk assessment. (5-yr horizon, annual updates)
Tactical. Midterm plan developed to provide more
details on goals of the strategic plan. (usually ~1 year)
Operational. Short-term, highly detailed plan based
on the strategic and tactical plans. (monthly, quarterly)
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY PLANNING

Should include three types of plans


Strategic. , stable plan that should include a
risk assessment. (5-yr horizon, annual updates)
Tactical. plan developed to provide more
details on goals of the strategic plan. (usually ~1 year)
Operational. , highly detailed plan based
on the strategic and tactical plans. (monthly, quarterly)
D O M A I N 1 : RESPONSE TO RISK

Risk Acceptance. Do nothing, and you must


accept the risk and potential loss if threat occurs.
Risk Mitigation. You do this by implementing a
countermeasure and accepting the residual risk.
rd
Risk Assignment. Transfer (assign) risk to 3 party,
like by purchasing insurance against damage.
Risk Avoidance. When costs of mitigating or
accepting are higher than benefits of the service
D O M A I N 1 : RESPONSE TO RISK

Risk Deterrence. Implementing deterrents to


would-be violators of security and policy
Risk Rejection. An unacceptable possible
response to risk is to reject risk or ignore risk.

REMEMBER:
Handling risk is not a one-time process!
D O M A I N 1 : RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

The primary risk management


framework referenced in CISSP is
D O M A I N 1 : RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Consider the following RMFs “for use in the real world”:

OCTAVE
operationally critical threat, asset, and
vulnerability evaluation

FAIR
Factor Analysis of Information Risk

TARA
Threat Agent Risk Assessment
D O M A I N 1 : RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

1. Prepare to execute the RMF


2. Categorize information systems
3. Select security controls
4. Implement security controls
5. Assess the security controls
6. Authorize the system
7. Monitor security controls
D O M A I N 1 : RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

1. Prepare to execute the RMF


2. Categorize information systems
3. Select security controls
| 4. Implement security controls
5. Assess the security controls
6. Authorize the system
7. Monitor security controls
D O M A I N 1 : RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

1. Prepare to execute the RMF


2. Categorize information systems
3. Select security controls
| 4. Implement security controls
5. Assess the security controls
6. Authorize information system
7. Monitor security controls
FOR THE You should remember that
EXAM not every risk can be mitigated
FOR THE It is management’s job to
EXAM decide how that risk is handled
FOR THE When multiple priorities present,
EXAM human safety is most important
FOR THE When legal issues are involved,
EXAM “call an attorney” is a valid choice
D O M A I N 1 : TYPES OF RISK
D O M A I N 1 : TYPES OF RISK

The risk that remains even with all


conceivable safeguards in place.
D O M A I N 1 : TYPES OF RISK

The risk management has chosen


to accept rather than mitigate.
D O M A I N 1 : TYPES OF RISK

Newly identified risk not yet addressed


with risk management strategies
D O M A I N 1 : TYPES OF RISK

The amount of risk that exists


in the absence of controls.
D O M A I N 1 : TYPES OF RISK

The amount of risk an organization would


face if no safeguards were implemented.
D O M A I N 1 : RISK MANAGEMENT
D O M A I N 1 : TYPES OF RISK
FOR THE Be able to explain total risk,
EXAM residual risk, and controls gap
FOR THE
EXAM FORMULAS
To calculate TOTAL RISK, know this formula:
threats * vulnerabilities * asset value = total risk
FOR THE
EXAM FORMULAS
RISK can be defined as follows:
risk = threat * vulnerability
D O M A I N 1 : RISK ANALYSIS

Two ways to evaluate risk to assets:

| qualitative and quantitative


D O M A I N 1 : RISK ANALYSIS

Two ways to evaluate risk to assets:

| and
Assigns a dollar value to evaluate
effectiveness of countermeasures

|
D O M A I N 1 : RISK ANALYSIS
Assigns a to evaluate
effectiveness of countermeasures

| OBJECTIVE
D O M A I N 1 : RISK ANALYSIS
D O M A I N 1 : RISK ANALYSIS STEPS

The six major steps in quantitative risk analysis


1. Inventory assets and assign a value (asset value, or AV).
2. Identify threats. Research each asset and produce a list of all
possible threats of each asset. (and calculate EF and SLE)
3. Perform a threat analysis to calculate the likelihood of each threat
being realized within a single year. (the ARO)
4. Estimate the potential loss by calculating the annualized loss
expectancy (ALE).
5. Research countermeasures for each threat, and then calculate the
changes to ARO and ALE based on an applied countermeasure.
6. Perform a cost/benefit analysis of each countermeasure for each
threat for each asset.
D O M A I N 1 : RISK ANALYSIS

Uses a scoring system to rank threats

| and effectiveness of countermeasures


D O M A I N 1 : RISK ANALYSIS

Uses a to rank threats


and effectiveness of countermeasures

SUBJECTIVE
D O M A I N 1 : RISK ANALYSIS

An feedback-and-response
process used to arrive at a consensus.
D O M A I N 1 : RISK ANALYSIS

Loss potential
What would be lost if the threat agent is
successful in exploiting a vulnerability.

Delayed loss
This is the amount of loss that can occur
over time.
are what cause the threats by
exploiting vulnerabilities.

D O M A I N 1 : RISK ANALYSIS
are what cause the threats by

D O M A I N 1 : RISK ANALYSIS
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

Important elements in quantifying potential loss


exposure factor (EF)
single loss expectancy (SLE)
annualized rate of occurrence (ARO)
annualized loss expectancy (ALE)
Safeguard evaluation
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

Percentage of loss that an organization


would experience if a specific asset
were violated by a realized risk
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

Represents the cost associated with a


single realized risk against a specific asset
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

SLE = Asset Value (AV) X Exposure Factor (EF)


D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

AV EF SLE
$100,000 X .3 (30%) = $30,000
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

The expected frequency with which a specific


threat or risk will occur within a single year.
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

The possible yearly cost of all instances of a


specific realized threat against a specific asset.
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

ALE = single loss expectancy (SLE) *


annualized rate of occurrence (ARO)
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

Office Building = $200,000


Hurricane damage estimate 50%
Hurricane probability is one every 10 years 10%

(AV x EF = SLE) $200,000 x .50 = $100,000

(SLE x ARO = ALE) $100,000 x .10 = $10,000


value of the safeguard (annually)
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

Good security controls mitigate risk,


are transparent to users, difficult to
bypass, and are cost effective
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

Good security controls ,


are to users,
, and are
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

ALE before safeguard – ALE after safeguard


– annual cost of safeguard = value of safeguard
D O M A I N 1 : CALCULATING RISK

value of safeguard = ALE1 – ALE2 - ACS


D O M A I N 1 : CONTROLS

The amount of risk reduced by


implementing safeguards
D O M A I N 1 : CONTROLS

total risk – controls gap = residual risk


QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS

CISSP
EXAM
Availableon CRAM
D O M A I N 1 : SUPPLY CHAIN

Today, most services are delivered


through a chain of multiple entities
D O M A I N 1 : SUPPLY CHAIN

A secure supply chain includes vendors who


are secure, reliable, trustworthy, reputable
D O M A I N 1 : SUPPLY CHAIN

When evaluating 3rd parties in the chain, consider:


On-Site Assessment . Visit organization, interview
personnel, and observe their operating habits.
Document Exchange and Review . Investigate dataset
and doc exchange, review processes
Process/Policy Review . Request copies of their security
policies, processes, or procedures.
Third-party Audit. Having an independent auditor provide
an unbiased review of an entity’s security infrastructure
D O M A I N 1 : THREAT MODELING

Can be proactive or reactive, but in either


case, goal is to eliminate or reduce threats
D O M A I N 1 : THREAT MODELING

Common approaches to threat modeling:


Focused on Assets . Uses results
to identify threats to the valuable assets.
Focused on Attackers . Identify potential attackers
and identify threats based on the
Focused on Software . Considers
against the software the org develops.
D O M A I N 1 : THREAT MODELING

Spoofing
Tampering
Repudiation
Information disclosure
developed by
Microsoft Denial of service
Elevation of privilege
D O M A I N 1 : THREAT MODELING

Stage I: Definition of Objectives


Stage II: Definition of Technical Scope
Stage III: App Decomposition & Analysis
Stage IV: Threat Analysis
Stage V: Weakness & Vulnerability Analysis
Stage VI: Attack Modeling & Simulation
Stage VII: Risk Analysis & Management

focuses on developing countermeasures based on asset value


D O M A I N 1 : THREAT MODELING

Visual
Agile
based on Agile
Simple
PM principles Threat

GOAL: Scalable integration of threat management


into an Agile programming environment
D O M A I N 1 : THREAT MODELING

Damage potential
Reproducibility
Exploitability
based on answer Affected users
to 5 questions
Discoverability
D O M A I N 1 : THREAT MODELING

An open-source threat modeling process


that implements a requirements model.

Ensures the assigned level of risk for each


asset is “acceptable” to stakeholders.
focused on
“acceptable risk”
COBIT security control framework

IT management and governance framework

Principle 1: Meeting Stakeholder Needs


Principle 2: Covering the Enterprise End-to-End
Principle 3: Applying a Single, Integrated Framework
Principle 4: Enabling a Holistic Approach
Principle 5: Separating Governance from Management

little coverage and no depth on CISSP !


D O M A I N 1 : THREAT MODELING

Determining potential attack concepts is


often achieved through diagramming
D O M A I N 1 : THREAT MODELING

user / web SQL injection


server boundary

users
1

Login Auth and data


retrieval
web
service

SQL
Brute force, dictionary

DIAGRAMMING POTENTIAL ATTACKS


D O M A I N 1 : THREAT MODELING

Trust Boundaries. Any location where the level of trust


or security changes
Data Flow Paths. The movement of data between
locations
Input Points. Locations where external input is received
Privileged Operations. Any activity that requires
greater privileges than of a standard user account
Details about Security Stance and Approach.
declaration of security policy, security foundations, and
security assumptions.
D O M A I N 1 : THREAT MODELING

Then threats are ranked or rated using


DREAD, high/medium/low rating, etc.
D O M A I N 1 : CONTROLS

Security measures for countering and


minimizing loss or unavailability of
services or apps due to vulnerabilities
D O M A I N 1 : CONTROLS

The terms safeguards and


countermeasure may seem to
be used interchangeably
D O M A I N 1 : CONTROLS

are proactive
are reactive
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY CONTROLS

There are three categories of security controls:


Technical. aka “logical”, involves the hardware or
software mechanisms used to manage access.
Administrative. Policies and procedures defined
by org’s security policy, other regulations and
requirements
Physical. Are items you can physically touch.
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY CONTROLS

Deterrent. Deployed to discourage violation of


security policies.
Preventative. Deployed to thwart or stop
unwanted or unauthorized activity from occurring.
Detective. Deployed to discover or detect
unwanted or unauthorized activity.
Compensating. Provides options to other existing
controls to aid in enforcement of security policies.
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY CONTROLS

Deterrent. Deployed to of
security policies.
Preventative. Deployed to thwart or
from occurring.
Detective. Deployed to
unwanted or unauthorized activity.
Compensating. Provides
to aid in enforcement of security policies.
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY CONTROLS

Corrective. modifies the environment to return


systems to normal after an unwanted or
unauthorized activity has occurred.
Recovery. an extension of corrective controls but
have more advanced or complex abilities.
Directive. direct, confine, or control the actions of
subjects to force or encourage compliance with
security policies
D O M A I N 1 : SECURITY CONTROLS

Corrective. modifies the environment to


after an unwanted or
unauthorized activity has occurred.
Recovery. an but
have more advanced or complex abilities.
Directive. direct, confine, or
to force or encourage compliance with
security policies
D O M A I N 1 : LEGAL & REGULATORY

legal and regulatory issues that pertain to


information security in a
➢ Cyber crimes and data breaches
➢ Trans-border data flow
➢ Licensing and intellectual property
requirements
➢ Privacy
➢ Import/export controls
D O M A I N 1 : LEGAL & REGULATORY

Criminal Law. contains prohibitions against acts


such as murder, assault, robbery, and arson.
Civil Law. include contract disputes, real estate
transactions, employment, estate, and probate.
Administrative Law. Government agencies have
some leeway to enact administrative law.
D O M A I N 1 : LEGAL & REGULATORY

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) . The first major


piece of US cybercrime-specific legislation
Federal Sentencing Guidelines. provided punishment
guidelines to help federal judges interpret computer crime
laws.
Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA).
Required a formal infosec operations for federal gov’t
Copyright and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Covers
literary, musical, and dramatic works.
D O M A I N 1 : LEGAL & REGULATORY

Trademarks. covers words, slogans, and logos used


to identify a company and its products or services.
Patents. Patents protect the intellectual property
rights of inventors.
Trade Secrets. intellectual property that is absolutely
critical to their business and must not be disclosed.
Licensing. 4 types you should know are contractual,
shrink-wrap, click-through, and cloud services.
D O M A I N 1 : LEGAL & REGULATORY

Computer Export Controls. US companies can’t export to


Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, and Syria.
Encryption Export Controls. Dept of Commerce details
limitations on export of encryption products outside the US..
Privacy (US). The basis for privacy rights is in the Fourth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Privacy (EU). General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is
not a US law, but very likely to be mentioned!
Applies to any company with customers in the EU!
D O M A I N 1 : LEGAL & REGULATORY

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)


HITECH (Health Information Technology for Economic and
Clinical Health)
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (financial institutions)
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)
Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
(CALEA)
D O M A I N 1 : BUSINESS CONTINUITY

issues that
pertain to information security in
1. Strategy development
2. Provisions and processes
3. Plan approval
4. Plan implementation
5. Training and education
D O M A I N 1 : BUSINESS CONTINUITY

issues that
pertain to information security in
1. Strategy
2. Provisions and
3. Plan
4. Plan
5. Training and
D O M A I N 1 : USER EDUCATION

Establish and maintain a


program
➢ Methods and techniques to present
awareness and training
➢ Periodic content reviews
➢ Program effectiveness evaluation

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