CHAPTER – 1

NUMBER SYSTEM
Exercise – 1.1
Page No – 1.5

𝒑
Question 1: Is zero a rational number? Can you write it in the form ,
𝒒

T IO S
where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0?

I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
Yes, zero is a rational number.
A
𝑝
It can be written in form provided that q ≠ 0.

PY
DO U A
𝑞
T0 0 0
For Example: or or etc.
ED PR

1 3 4
C

Question 2: Find five rational numbers between 1 and 2.

©

Solution:

(𝑚+𝑛)
We know, one rational number between two numbers m and n =
2

To find: 5 rational numbers between 1 and 2

Step 1: Rational number between 1 and 2
(1+2)
=
2
3
=
2

Step 2: Rational number between 1 and 3/2

3
(1+2)
=
2
 5
=
4

Step 3: Rational number between 1 and 5/4

5
(1+4)
=
2
9
=
8

Step 4: Rational number between 3/2 and 2

T IO S
1 3
= [(( ) + 2)]

I
2 2
7
NO A D
CO N
=
4
A
Step 5: Rational number between 7/4 and 2

PY
DO U A
1 7
= [ + 2]
T
2 4
ED PR

15
=
8
C

9 5 3 7 15
Arrange all the results: 1 < < < < < <2
©

8 4 2 4 8
9 5 3 7 15
Therefore required integers are, , , , ,
8 4 2 4 8

Question 3: Find six rational numbers between 3 and 4.

Solution:
Steps to find n rational numbers between any two numbers:
Step 1: Multiply and divide both the numbers by n+1.
In this example, we have to find 6 rational numbers between 3 and 4. Here
n=6
Multiply 3 and 4 by 7
 7 21
3× = and
7 7
7 28
4× =
7 7
21 28
Step 2: Choose 6 numbers between and
7 7
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
3= < < < < < < < =4
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Therefore, 6 rational numbers between 3 and 4 are

T IO S
22 23 24 25 26 27
, , , , ,
7 7 7 7 7 7

I
NO A D
CO N
A
𝟑 𝟒
Question 4: Find five rational numbers between and .
𝟓 𝟓

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
ED PR

Steps to find n rational numbers between any two numbers:

Step 1: Multiply and divide both the numbers by n + 1.
C

3 4
©

In this example, we have to find 5 rational numbers between and . Here

5 5
n=5
3 4
Multiply and by 6
5 5
3 6 18
× = and
5 6 30
4 6 24
× =
5 6 30
18 24
Step 2: Choose 5 numbers between and
30 30
3 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 4
= < < < < < < =
5 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 5
3 4
Therefore, 5 rational numbers between and are
5 5
19 20 21 22 23
, , , ,
30 30 30 30 30

Question 5: Are the following statements true or false? Give reason

for your answer.
(i) Every whole number is a natural number.
(ii) Every integer is a rational number.

T IO S
(iii) Every rational number is an integer.

I
(iv) Every natural number is a whole number,
NO A D
CO N
(v) Every integer is a whole number.
A
(vi) Every rational number is a whole number.

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
ED PR

(i) False.
Reason: As 0 is not a natural number.
C
©

(ii) True.
(iii) False.
1 3 5
Reason: Numbers such as , , are rational numbers but not integers.
2 2 3

(iv) True.
(v) False.
Reason: Negative numbers are not whole numbers.
(vi) False.
Reason: Proper fractions are not whole numbers
 Exercise 1.2
Page No. 1.12

Question 1: Express the following rational numbers as decimals.

𝟒𝟐 𝟑𝟐𝟕 𝟏𝟓
(i) (ii) (iii)
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟒

Solution:

T IO S
(i) By long division method

I
̅̅̅̅
100 42 0.42
NO A D
CO N
400
A
̅̅̅̅̅
200

PY
200
DO U A

0̅
T
ED PR

42
Therefore, = 0.42
100
C
©

(ii) By long division method

500 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
327.000 0.654
3000
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
2700
2500
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
2000
2000
0̅

327
Therefore, = 0.654
500
(i) By long division method
4 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
15.00 3.75
12
̅̅̅̅
30
28
̅̅̅̅
20
20
0̅

T IO S
15

I
Therefore, = 3.75
NO A D 4

CO N
A
Question 2: Express the following rational numbers as decimals.

PY
DO U A
𝟐 𝟒 −𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟒𝟑𝟕 𝟑𝟑
(i) (ii) − (iii) (iv) − (v) (vi)
T𝟑 𝟗 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟑 𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝟐𝟔
ED PR

Solution:
2
(i) Divide using long division:
C

3
©

0.66666
3 2.00000
0
20
18
20
18
20
18
20
18
20
18
2
2
= 0.66666 = 0. 6̅
3

4
(ii) Divide using long division: −
9

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 0.444
9 4.000
3600
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
4000

T IO S
3600

I
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
4000
NO A D
CO N
3600
A
̅̅̅̅̅
400

PY
DO U A

4
T
− = −0.444 = 0. 4̅
ED PR

9
C

−2
(iii) Divide using long division:
©

15

0.133
15 2.0000
15
50
45
50
45
5

−2
= −0.133 = −0.13̅
15
 22
(iv) Divide using long division: −
13

1.69230769
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
3 22.000
13
90
78
120
117

T IO S
30
26

I
NO A D
40

CO N
39
A
100

PY
91
DO U A

90
T
ED PR

78
120
117
C

3
©

−22
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
= 1.69230769 = 1. 692307
13

437
(v) Divide using long division:
999
 0.43743
999 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
437.0000
3996
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
3740
2997
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
7430
6993
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
4370
3996

T IO S
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
3740
2997

I
NO A D̅̅̅̅̅
743

CO N
A
437

PY
̅̅̅̅̅
= 0.43743 = 0. 437
DO U A
999
T
33
ED PR

(vi) Divide using long division:

26
1.2692307692
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
C

26 33.000000000
©

26
70
52
180
156
240
234
60
52
80
78
200
182
180
156
24
33
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
= 1.2692307692 = 1. 2692307
26

Question 3: Look at several examples of rational numbers in the form

𝒑
(q ≠ 0), where p and q are integers with no common factors other
𝒒
than 1 and having terminating decimal representations. Can you
guess what property q must satisfy?
Solution:

T IO S
The decimal representation will be terminating, if the denominators have

I
𝑝
NO A D
factors 2 or 5 or both. Therefore, is a terminating decimal, when prime

CO N
𝑞
A
factorization of q must have only powers of 2 or 5 or both.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise – 1.3
Page No – 1.22

𝒑
Question 1: Express each of the following decimals in the form :
𝒒

(i) 0.39
(ii) 0.750

T IO S
(iii) 2.15

I
(iv) 7.010
NO A D
CO N
A
(v) 9.90

PY
(vi) 1.0001
DO U A

Solution:
T
ED PR

39
(i) 0.39 =
100
C
©

750 3
(ii) 0.750 = =
1000 4

215 43
(iii) 2.15 = =
100 20

7010 701
(iv) 7.010 = =
1000 100

990 99
(v) 9.90 = =
100 10
 10001
(vi) 1.0001 =
10000

𝒑
Question 2: Express each of the following decimals in the form :
𝒒

̅
(i) 𝟎. 𝟒 ̅̅̅̅
(ii) 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕
̅̅̅̅
(iii) 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒 ̅̅̅̅̅̅
(iv) 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟏
̅
(v) 𝟏𝟐𝟓. 𝟑 ̅
(vi) 𝟒. 𝟕

T IO S
̅̅̅̅
(vii) 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕

I
NO A D
Solution:

CO N
A
(i) Let x = 0. 4̅

PY
DO U A
or x = 0.4̅ = 0.444 …. (1)
T
ED PR

Multiplying both sides by 10

10x = 4.444 …. (2)
C

Subtract (1) by (2), we get

©

10x – x = 4.444… – 0.444…

9x = 4
4
x=
9

⇒ 0.4̅ = 4.9

(ii) Let x = 0.3737 …. (1)

Multiplying both sides by 100
100x = 37.37 …. (2)
Subtract (1) from (2), we get
100x – x = 37.37… – 0.3737…
100x – x = 37
99x = 37
37
x=
99

(iii) Let x = 0.5454 … (1)

T IO S
Multiplying both sides by 100

I
100x = 54.5454 …. (2)
NO A D
CO N
Subtract (1) from (2), we get
A
100x – x = 54.5454…. – 0.5454….

PY
DO U A
T
99x = 54
ED PR

54
x=
99
C
©

(iv) Let x = 0.621621 … (1)

Multiplying both sides by 1000
1000x = 621.621621 …. (2)
Subtract (1) from (2), we get
1000x – x = 621.621621…. – 0.621621….
999x = 621
621
x=
999
23
or x =
37
(v) Let x = 125.3333 …. (1)
Multiplying both sides by 10
10x = 1253.3333 …. (2)
Subtract (1) from (2), we get
10x – x = 1253.3333…. – 125.3333….
9x = 1128
1128

T IO S
or x =
9

I
376
or x =
NO A D
3

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
(vi) Let x = 4.7777 …. (1)
T
Multiplying both sides by 10
ED PR

10x = 47.7777 …. (2)

C

Subtract (1) from (2), we get

©

10x – x = 47.7777…. – 4.7777….

9x = 43
43
x=
9

(vii) Let x = 0.47777….

Multiplying both sides by 10
10x = 4.7777 … (1)
Multiplying both sides by 100
100x = 47.7777 ... (2)
Subtract (1) from (2), we get
100x – 10x = 47.7777…. – 4.7777…
90x = 43
43
x=
90

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise – 1.4
Page No – 1.31

Question 1: Define an irrational number.

Solution:
𝑝
A number which cannot be expressed in the form of , where p and q are
𝑞
integers and q ≠ 0. It is non-terminating or non-repeating decimal.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Question 2: Explain, how irrational numbers differ from rational
A
numbers?

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
ED PR

An irrational number is a real number which can be written as a decimal

but not as a fraction i.e. it cannot be expressed as a ratio of integers.
C

It cannot be expressed as terminating or repeating decimal.

©

For example, √2 is an irrational number

A rational number is a real number which can be written as a fraction and
as a decimal i.e. it can be expressed as a ratio of integers.
It can be expressed as terminating or repeating decimal.
5
For examples: 0.10 and are rational numbers
3

Question 3: Examine, whether the following numbers are rational or

irrational:
(i) √7 (ii) √4 (iii) 2 + √3 (iv) √3 + √2
 2
(v) √3 + √5 (vi) (√2 − 2) (vii) (2 − √2) (2 + √2)

2
(viii) (√3 + √2) (ix) √5 – 2 (x) √23

(xi) √225 (xii) 0.3796 (xiii) 7.478478

(xiv) 1.101001000100001

T IO S I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
(i) √7
A
Not a perfect square root, so it is an irrational number.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

(ii) √4
A perfect square root of 2.
C

2
©

We can express 2 in the form of , so it is a rational number.

1

(iii) 2 + √3
Here, 2 is a rational number but √3 is an irrational number
Therefore, the sum of a rational and irrational number is an irrational
number.

(iv) √3 + √2
√3 is not a perfect square thus an irrational number?
√2 is not a perfect square, thus an irrational number?
Therefore, sum of √2 and √3 gives an irrational number.

(v) √3 + √5
√3 is not a perfect square and hence, it is an irrational number?
Similarly, √5 is not a perfect square and also an irrational number.

T IO S
Since, sum of two irrational number, is an irrational number, therefore √3

I
+ √5 is an irrational number.
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
2
DO U A
(vi) (√2 − 2)
T
2
ED PR

(√2 − 2) = 2 + 4 – 4 √2
= 6 + 4 √2
C
©

Here, 6 is a rational number but 4√2 is an irrational number.

Since, the sum of a rational and an irrational number is an irrational
2
number, therefore, (√2 − 2) is an irrational number.

(vii) (2 − √2)(2 + √2)

We can write the given expression as;
2
(2 − √2)(2 + √2) = ((2)2 − (√2) ) [Since, (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2]
2
= 4 – 2 = 2 or
1
Since, 2 is a rational number, therefore, (2 − √2)(2 + √2) is a rational
number.

2
(viii) (√3 + √2)
We can write the given expression as;
2 2 2
(√3 + √2) = (√3) + (√2) + 2√3 × √2

T IO S
= 3 + 2 + 2√6

I
NO A D = 5 + 2√6 [using identity, (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]

CO N
A
Since, the sum of a rational number and an irrational number is an

PY
2
DO U A
irrational number, therefore, (√3 + √2) is an irrational number.
T
ED PR

(ix) √5 – 2
C

√5 is an irrational number whereas 2 is a rational number?

©

The difference of an irrational number and a rational number is an

irrational number.
Therefore, √5 – 2 is an irrational number.

(x) √23
Since, √23 = 4.795831352331…
As decimal expansion of this number is non-terminating and non-
recurring therefore, it is an irrational number.
(xi) √225
15
√225 = 15 or 1
𝑝
√225 is rational number as it can be represented in the form of 𝑞
and q
not equal to zero.

(xii) 0.3796

T IO S
As the decimal expansion of the given number is terminating, therefore,

I
it is a rational number.
NO A D
CO N
A
(xiii) 7.478478……

PY
DO U A

As the decimal expansion of this number is non-terminating recurring

T
ED PR

decimal, therefore, it is a rational number.

C

(xiv) 1.101001000100001……
©

As the decimal expansion of given number is non-terminating and non-

recurring, therefore, it is an irrational number

Question 4: Identify the following as rational or irrational numbers.

Give the decimal representation of rational numbers:
(i) √𝟒 (ii) 𝟑√𝟏𝟖 (iii) √𝟏. 𝟒𝟒

𝟗
(iv) √ (v) −√𝟔𝟒 (vi) √𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟕

Solution:
(i) √4
√4 = 2, which can be written in the form of a/b. Therefore, it is a rational
number.
Its decimal representation is 2.0.

(ii) 3√18

T IO S
3√18 = 9√2

I
Since, the product of a rational and an irrational number is an irrational
number. NO A D
CO N
A
Therefore, 3√18 is an irrational.

PY
DO U A
Or 3 × √18 is an irrational number.
T
ED PR

(iii) √1.44
C
©

√1.44 = 1.2
Since, every terminating decimal is a rational number, Therefore, √1.44
is a rational number.
And, its decimal representation is 1.2.

9
(iv) √
27

9 1
√ =
27 √3
Since, we know, quotient of a rational and an irrational number is
9
irrational numbers, therefore, √ is an irrational number.
27

(v) −√64
8
−√64 = – 8 or –
1

Therefore, −√64 is a rational number.

T IO S
Its decimal representation is – 8.0.

I
NO A D
CO N
A
(vi) √100

PY
DO U A

√100 = 10
T
ED PR

𝑎 10
Since, 10 can be expressed in the form of , such as ,
𝑏 1
C

Therefore, √100 is a rational number.

©

And its decimal representation is 10.0.

Question 5: In the following equation, find which variables x, y, z etc.

represent rational or irrational numbers:
(i) 𝑥 2 = 5 (ii) 𝑦 2 = 9

17
(iii) 𝑧 2 = 0.04 (iv) 𝑢2 =
4

(v) 𝑣 2 = 3 (vi) 𝑤 2 = 27

(vii) 𝑡 2 = 0.4
Solution:
(i) x2 = 5
Taking square root both the sides,
x = √5
√5 is not a perfect square root, so it is an irrational number?

T IO S
(ii) y2 = 9

I
y2 = 9
NO A D
CO N
or y = 3
A
𝑎 3

PY
3 can be expressed in the form of , such as , so it a rational number.
DO U A
𝑏 1
T
ED PR

(iii) z2 = 0.04
C

z2 = 0.04
©

Taking square root both the sides, we get

z = 0.2
𝑎 2
0.2 can be expressed in the form of such as , so it is a rational number.
𝑏 10

17
(iv) u2 =
4

Taking square root both the sides, we get

17
u=√
2

Since, quotient of an irrational and a rational number is irrational,

therefore, u is an Irrational number.
(v) v2 = 3
Taking square root both the sides, we get
v = √3
Since, √3 is not a perfect square root, so v is irrational number.

T IO S
(vi) w2 = 27

I
Taking square root both the sides, we get
NO A D
CO N
w = 3√3
A

PY
Since, the product of a rational and irrational is an irrational number.
DO U A
Therefore, w is an irrational number.
T
ED PR

(vii) t2 = 0.4
C

Taking square root both the sides, we get

©

4
t = √( )
10

2
t=
√10

Since, quotient of a rational and an irrational number is irrational number.

Therefore, t is an irrational number.

Question 6: Give two rational numbers lying between

0.232332333233332... and 0.212112111211112.
Solution:
Let
𝑎 = 0.232332333233332 …
𝑏 = 0.212112111211112 …
Here the decimal representation of 𝑎 and b are non-terminating and non-
repeating. So we observe that in first decimal place of a and b have the
same digit but digit in the second place of their decimal representation
are distinct. And the number a has 3 and b has 1. So a > b.
Hence two rational numbers are 0.222, 0.221 lying
between 0.232332333233332 … and 0.212112111211112 …

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Question 7: Give two rational numbers lying between
A
0.515115111511115...0.5353353335...

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
Let 𝑎 = 0.515115111511115 ….and 𝑏 = 0.5353353335. ..
ED PR

Here the decimal representation of 𝑎 and b are non-terminating and non-

repeating. So we observe that in first decimal place a and b have the same
C
©

digit but digit in the second place of their decimal representation are
distinct. And the number a has 1 and b has 3. So a < b.
Hence two rational numbers are 0.5152, 0.532 lying
between 0.515115111511115 …. and 0.5353353335. ..

Question 8: Find one irrational number between 0.2101 and 0.222...

̅.
= 𝟎. 𝟐
Solution:
Let
𝑎 = 0.2101
𝑏 = 0.2222 … = 0. 2̅
Here a and b are rational numbers. Since a has terminating and b has
repeating decimal. We observe that in second decimal place a has 1
and b has 2. So a < b.
Hence one irrational number is 0.220100100010000 … lying between
0.2101 and 0.2222 …

Question 9: Find a rational number and also an irrational number

lying between the numbers 0.3030030003 ... and 0.3010010001 ...

T IO S I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
Let
A
𝑎 = 0.3030030003 …

PY
DO U A
𝑏 = 0.3010010001 …
T
ED PR

Here decimal representation of 𝑎 and b are non-terminating and non-

repeating. So 𝑎 and b are irrational numbers. We observe that in first two
decimal place of 𝑎 and b have the same digit but digit in the third place of
C
©

their decimal representation is distinct.

Therefore, a > b.
Hence one rational number is 0.3011 lying between
0.3030030003 and 0.3010010001
And irrational number is 0.3020200200020000 … lying between
0.3030030003 … and 0.3010010001

Question 10: Find three different irrational numbers between the

rational numbers 5757 and 911911.
Solution:
5 9
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝑦 =
Let 𝑥 = = 0. 714285 ̅̅̅̅
= 0. 81
7 11
Here we observe that in the first decimal x has digit 7 and y has 8.
So x < y. In the second decimal place x has digit 1. So, if we considering
irrational numbers
a = 0.72072007200072…
b = 0.73073007300073...
c = 0.74074007400074....
a = 0. 72072007200072..

T IO S
b = 0. 73073007300073..

I
NO A D
c = 0.74074007400074....

CO N
A
We find that

PY
𝑥<𝑎<𝑏<𝑐<𝑦
DO U A
T
Hence 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are required irrational numbers.
ED PR
C

Question 11: Give an example of each, of two irrational numbers

©

whose:
(i) difference is a rational number.
(ii) difference is an irrational number.
(iii) sum is a rational number.
(iv) sum is an irrational number.
(v) product is an rational number.
(vi) product is an irrational number.
(vii) quotient is a rational number.
(viii) quotient is an irrational number.

Solution:
(i) Let √2, 1 + √2
And, so 1 + √2 − √2 = 1
Therefore, √2 and 1 + √2 are two irrational numbers and their difference
is a rational number

(ii) Let 4√3, 3√3 are two irrational numbers and their difference is an
irrational number
Because 4√3 − 3√3 = √3is an irrational number

T IO S I
NO A D
(iii) Let √5, −√5 are two irrational numbers and their sum is a rational

CO N
A
number

PY
DO U A
That is √5 + (−√5) = 0
T
ED PR

(iv) Let 2√5, 3√5 are two irrational numbers and their sum is an
C

irrational number
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That is 2√5 + 3√5 = 5√5

(v) Let √8, √2 are two irrational numbers and their product is a rational
number
That is √8 × √2 = √16 = 4
(vi) Let √2, √3 are two irrational numbers and their product is an
irrational number
That is √2 × √3 = √6
(vii) Let √8, √2 are two irrational numbers and their quotient is a rational
number
√8 2√2
That is = =2
√2 √2

(viii) Let √2, √3 are two irrational numbers and their quotient is an
irrational number

T IO S
√2
That is √2 + √3 =
√3

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Question 12: Find two irrational numbers between 0.5 and 0.55.

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
Let
ED PR

𝑎 = 0.5, 𝑏 = 0.55
C

Here 𝑎 and b are rational number. So we observe that in first decimal

©

place a and b have same digit. So a < b.

Hence two irrational numbers are 0.510100100010000 ….
and 0.5202002000200002 … lying between 0.5 and 0.55.

Question 13: Find two irrational numbers lying between 0.1 and 0.12.
Solution:
Let
𝑎 = 0.1 , 𝑏 = 0.12
Here 𝑎 and b are rational number. So we observe that in first decimal
place 𝑎 and b have same digit. So a < b.
Hence two irrational numbers are 0.1010010001 … and
0.11010010001 … lying between 0.1 and 0.12.

Question 14: Prove that √𝟑 + √𝟓 is an irrational number.

Solution:
Given that √3 + √5 is an irrational number
Now we have to prove √3 + √5 is an irrational number

T IO S I
Let 𝑥 = √3 + √5 is a rational
NO A D
CO N
Squaring on both sides
A
2

PY
⇒ 𝑥 2 = (√3 + √5)
DO U A
T 2 2
⇒ 𝑥 2 = (√3) + (√5) + 2√3 × √5
ED PR

⇒ 𝑥 2 = 3 + 5 + 2√15
C

⇒ 𝑥 2 = 8 + 2√15
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𝑥 2 −8
⇒ = √15
2

Now 𝑥 is rational
⇒ 𝑥 2 is rational
𝑥 2 −8
⇒ is rational
2

⇒ √15 is rational
But, √15 is an irrational
Thus we arrive at contradiction that √3 + √5 is a rational which is wrong.
Hence √3 + √5 is an irrational.
 Exercise – 1.5
Page No – 1.35

Question 1: Complete the following sentences:

(i) Every point on the number line corresponds to a …… number
which many be either …… or …….
(ii) The decimal form of an irrational number is neither …. nor ……

T IO S
(iii) The decimal representation of a rational number is either ...… or

I
….
NO A D
CO N
A
(iv) Every real number is either … number or … number.

PY
Solution:
DO U A
T
(i) Every point on the number line corresponds to a real number
ED PR

which many be either rational or irrational.

C

(ii) The decimal form of an irrational number is

©

neither terminating nor repeating.

(iii) The decimal representation of a rational number is

either terminating or non-terminating recurring.

(iv) Every real number is either rational number or an

irrational number.

Question 2: Find whether the following statements are true or false:

(i) Every real number is either rational or irrational.
(ii) π is an irrational number.
(iii) Irrational numbers cannot be represented by points on the
number line.
Solution:
(i) True.
(ii) True.
(ii) False.

T IO S I
NO A D
Question 3: Represent √𝟔, √𝟕, √𝟖 on the number line.

CO N
A
Solution:

PY
DO U A
Find the equivalent values of √6, √7, √8
T
ED PR

√6 = 2.449
√7 = 2.645
C
©

√8 = 2.828
We can see that, all the given numbers lie between 2 and 3.
Draw on number line:
Question 4: Represent √𝟑. 𝟓, √𝟗. 𝟒, √𝟏𝟎. 𝟓 and on the real number
line.
Solution:
Represent √𝟑. 𝟓 on number line
Step 1: Draw a line segment AB = 3.5 units
Step 2: Produce B till point C, such that BC = 1 unit

T IO S I
Step 3: Find the mid-point of AC, say O.
NO A D
CO N
Step 4: Taking O as the centre draw a semi-circle, passing through A and
A
C.

PY
DO U A
Step 5: Draw a line passing through B perpendicular to OB, and cut
T
semicircle at D.
ED PR

Step 6: Consider B as a centre and BD as radius draw an arc cutting OC

produced at E.
C
©

Now, from right triangle OBD,

BD2 = OD2 – OB2
= OC2 – (OC – BC)2 (As, OD = OC)
BD2 = 2OC × BC – (BC)2
= 2 × 2.25 × 1 − 1
= 3.5
⇒ BD = √3.5

Represent √𝟗. 𝟒 on number line

T IO S
Step 1: Draw a line segment AB = 9.4 units

I
Follow step 2 to Step 6 mentioned above.
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

BD2 = 2OC × BC – (BC)2

= 2 × 5.2 × 1 – 1
= 9.4
⇒ BD = √9.4

Represent √𝟏𝟎. 𝟓 on number line

Step 1: Draw a line segment AB = 10.5 units
Follow step 2 to Step 6 mentioned above, we get

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
BD2 = 2OC × BC – (BC)2
A
= 2 × 5.75 × 1 – 1

PY
DO U A

= 10.5
T
ED PR

⇒ BD = √10.5
C
©
 Exercise – 1.6
Page No – 1.39

Question 1: Visualise 2.665 on the number line, using successive

magnification.
Solution:
2.665 is lies between 2 and 3 on the number line.

T IO S
Divide selected segment into 10 equal parts and mark each point of

I
division as 2.1, 2.2, ….,2.9, 2.10
NO A D
CO N
A
2.665 is lies between 2.6 and 2.7

PY
Divide line segment between 2.6 and 2.7 in 10 equal parts such as 2.661,
DO U A

2.662, and so on.

T
ED PR

Here we can see that 5th point will represent 2.665.

C
©

Question 2: Visualise the representation of 5.37̅ on the number line

upto 5 decimal places, that is upto 5.37777.
Solution:
Clearly 5.37̅ is located between 5 and 6.
Again by successive magnification, and successively decrease 5.37̅
located between 5.3 and 5.4.
For more clarity, divide 5.3 and 5.4 portion of the number line into 10
equal parts and we can see 5.37̅ lies between 5.37 and 5.38.
To visualize 5.37̅ more accurately, divide line segment between 5.37 and
5.38 in ten equal parts.
5.37̅ lies between 5.377 and 5.378.
Again divide above portion between 5.377 and 5.378 into 10 equal parts,
which shows 5.37̅ is located closer to 5.3778 than to 5.3777

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©