Chapter 9

CHAPTER 9
The Fourth Pillar Correction

OBJECTIVES:
To know the Function of the Correction
To be knowledgeable of the purpose of the

Correction in administration of CriminaJustice
General Function of the Correction in Administration of CJS
The following are the general functions of the correctional institutions
1. To maintain the institutions. The correctional component is responsible for

maintaining prisons jails and other institutional facilities to receive convicted
offender sentence to periods of incarceration.
2. To protect law abiding members of the society.
3. To reform offenders.
4. To deter crimes.
Mittimus
Is a warrant issued by the court bearing its seal and the signature of the judge
directing the jail or the prison authorities to receive the convicted offender for service of
sentence.
Commitment Order
A commitment order is a written order of a court or authority consigning a person

to a jail or prison for detention
Purposes of Correction
The following are the purposes of corrections
1. Deterrence
2. Rehabilitation
3. Reintegration
4. Isolation and Incapacitation
5. Punishment
Philippine Criminal Justice System 1

The Concept of Deterrence
It is the one of the most meaningful principles of corrections. Its concept is that
punishing the criminal will reduce the incidence of criminal behavior in a society.
The concept of Rehabilitation
The concept of rehabilitation rests on the assumption that criminal behavior is

caused by some factor. This perspective does not deny that people make choices to break
the law, but it does assert that these choices are not a matter of pure "free will." Instead,
the decision to commit a crime is held to be determined, or at least heavily influenced, by
a person's social surroundings, psychological development, or biological makeup. People
are not all the same and thus free to express their will but rather are different. These
"individual differences" shape how people behave, including whether they are likely to
break the law.
The concept of Punishment
The general concept is that is tis the infliction of some sort of pain on the offender
for violating the law. In the legal sense , it is more of an individual redress of personal
vengeance.
Some trends of punishment
The following are some trends of punishment:
1. Developments of exceptions
2. Executive Clemency
3. Decline in the severity of punishment
4. Growths of modification in imprisonment
5. Indeterminate Sentence
6. Suspended Sentence or Reprieve
7. Probation
8. Conditional Pardon
9. Short Sentence
10. Fines
EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY
The power of a President in federal criminal cases, and the Governor in state con
victions, to pardon a person convicted of a crime, commute the sentence (shorten it, oft
en to time already served), or reduce it from death to another lesser sentence. There ar
e many reasons for exercising this power, including real doubts about the guilt of the par

ty, apparent excessive sentence, humanitarian concerns such as illness of an aged inm
ate
REPRIEVE
A reprieve postpones the execution of an offense to certain day
COMMUTATION
It is a remission of a part of punishment a substitution of a less penalty for the

originally imposed.
PAROLE
It is the conditional release of a prisoner from correctional institution after serving the
minimum period of prison sentence.
WHO CANNOT BE GRANTED PAROLE?
Generally, those sentenced to a term of

imprisonment of one (1) year or less, or to a
straight penalty, or to a prison sentence without
a minimum term of imprisonment.
WHEN MAY A PRISONER BE GRANTED PAROLE?
Whenever the Board of Pardons and Parole finds that there is a reasonable
probability that, if released, the prisoner will be law-abiding and that the release will not
be incompatible with the interest and welfare of society.
CONDITIONAL PARDON
It is the conditional exemption of a guilty offender for the punishment imposed by

a court.
ABSOLUTE PARDON
It is the total extinction of the criminal liability of the individual to whom it is granted
without any condition whatsoever resulting to the full restoration of his civil rights.

PROBATION
Is a disposition under which a defendant after conviction and sentence, is released

subject to the conditions imposed by the court and to the supervision of a probation officer.
PENOLOGY
Simply means the treatment of the criminals
CORRECTIONS
Correction is that branch of the criminal justice system charge with the custody
supervision and rehabilitation of a convicted offender
Areas of Correction
1. Institutional Base Correction

2. Non-Institutional Base Correction
Different Institutional Correction or Custodial Branches of National Bilibid Prison
• The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City

• San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm, San Ramon Davao
• Iwahig Prison and Penal farm located at Iwahig Palawan
• Leyte regional Prison
• Davao Prison and Penal Farm
• Correctional Institution for Women Mandaluyong City
• Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm , Sablayan Oriental Mindoro
JAIL
It is the place for temporary confinement for person awaiting court action and the
convicted offenders serving short sentence.
Types of Jail
1. Lock Up Jail
2. Ordinary Jail
3. Workhouses , Jail farms or Camp.

Reference:
Philippine Criminal Justice System (Second

Edition) By Atty. Ramil Gabao
https://law.jrank.org/pages/1933/Rehabilitatio
n-What-rehabilitation.html
https://probation.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2017/02/FAQ_Parole.pdf
Video Link:
https://youtu.be/l2awLbiQqH4
https://youtu.be/pMyJFxQigYU
https://youtu.be/IPyWZ7OSVUc

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CHAPTER 9

The Fourth Pillar Correction

To know the Function of the Correction

To be knowledgeable of the purpose of the

General Function of the Correction in Administration of CJS

The following are the general functions of the correctional institutions

1. To maintain the institutions. The correctional component is responsible for

A commitment order is a written order of a court or authority consigning a person

The following are the purposes of corrections

Philippine Criminal Justice System 1

The concept of Rehabilitation

The concept of rehabilitation rests on the assumption that criminal behavior is

The concept of Punishment

Some trends of punishment

The following are some trends of punishment:

Philippine Criminal Justice System 2

A reprieve postpones the execution of an offense to certain day

It is a remission of a part of punishment a substitution of a less penalty for the

WHO CANNOT BE GRANTED PAROLE?

Generally, those sentenced to a term of

WHEN MAY A PRISONER BE GRANTED PAROLE?

It is the conditional exemption of a guilty offender for the punishment imposed by

Philippine Criminal Justice System 3

Is a disposition under which a defendant after conviction and sentence, is released

Simply means the treatment of the criminals

1. Institutional Base Correction

Different Institutional Correction or Custodial Branches of National Bilibid Prison

• The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City

Philippine Criminal Justice System 4

Philippine Criminal Justice System (Second

Philippine Criminal Justice System 5

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