PS3 Philippine Public Administration

GLADYS ALMENDRAL
AB POLSCI 1A
PS3 Philippine Public Administration
1. Define Electronic Government.

The E-Gov field (also called Electronic Government, Digital Government, Electronic
Governance, and similar names) emerged in the late 1990´s. Since then, it spurred several
scientific conferences and journals. Electronic Government is the use of information and
communications technology (ICT) and other web-based technologies to enhance access
of information and improve delivery, efficiency and effectiveness of service to the public.
An ICT-enabled government allows the citizens easy access to information and services
anytime and anywhere as well as create transparency and accountability in government
operations.
In pushing for e-government, the e-Government Management Group formulates,

implements and evaluates ICT policies, plans and standards; develops, implements and
monitors the National e-Government Plan; implements the Information Systems Strategic
Plans of national government agencies; provides ICT services to government agencies;
and develops and implements the ICT human capital and professionalization program for
government.
E-Governance, on the other hand, refers to the whole system involved in managing a
society. The system includes activities not only by government organizations but also
companies and voluntary organizations, and – often forgotten! – citizens. Moreover, it
features the processes and flows of governance, dimensions that are critical to
understanding the context of information systems deployment and use [Atkinson, 2003]
For these reasons, e-Governance is a preferable term for use when considering IS
applications to the public sphere. Clearly IT and information systems are at work in all
the above activities
2. How did E-Government arise?
The term e-Government (e-Gov) emerged in the late 1990s, but the history of
computing in government organizations can be traced back to the beginnings of computer
history. A literature on “IT in government” goes back at least to the 1970s [Kraemer, et
al, 1978, Danziger and Andersen, 2002]. This literature concerns IT use within
government, while the recent e-Gov literature more often concerns external use, such as
services to the citizens [Ho, 2002]. While some earlier e-Gov computer issues, such as
office automation, may not be highly relevant to research today, many issues are, for
example decision making, service processes, and values. As we shall see in Section IV,
all definitions of e-Gov go beyond services to the citizen to include organizational change
and the role of government. Therefore, the two strands of literature need to be considered
together as the basis of the e-Gov field.
Just like the term e-Commerce, the term e-Government was born out of the Internet
boom. However, it is not limited to Internet use or publicly accessible systems for direct
use by customers or citizens. E-Gov started as a practitioner field, basically convening
practitioners struggling to meet the new challenges of the Internet medium by
implementing new systems creatively. For example, in the United States the (then) Vice
President Gore led the National Performance Review, which placed a strong emphasis on
the role of e-government in federal services [Gore, 1993; Salem, 2003].
Over time 1990s, as even the least developed countries have moved to websites, e-
services and e-government strategies, it has become increasingly clear that e-government
has not delivered all the benefits that were hoped for it. One study found that 35% of e-
government projects in developing countries resulted in total failures; and that 50% were
partial failures.
In 2010 the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards

(OASIS) published a report which identified a wide range of common pitfalls which have
hampered many governments in achieving significant impacts through their technology
investments. However, OASIS also noted that:
"… an increasing number [of governments] are now getting to grips with the much
broader and complex set of cultural and organizational changes which are needed for ICT
to deliver significant benefits to the public sector. This new approach is generally referred
to as Transformational Government."
3. How does E-Government relate to Public Administration?
E-Government is the use of Information and Communication Technologies in public

administrations combined with organizational change and new skills in order to improve
public services and democratic processes. Furthermore, E-Government relates to Public
Administration by the means of the use by government agencies of information
technologies that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and
other arms of government. These technologies can serve a variety of different ends: better
delivery of government services to citizens, improved interactions with business and
industry, citizen empowerment through access to information, or more efficient
government management. The resulting benefits can be less corruption, increased
transparency, greater convenience, revenue growth, and/or cost reduction.
Moreover, e-government have lasting impacts on public administration: citizen-centered
service, information as a public resource, new skills and working relationships, and
accountability and management models.

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GLADYS ALMENDRAL

PS3 Philippine Public Administration

1. Define Electronic Government.

In pushing for e-government, the e-Government Management Group formulates,

2. How did E-Government arise?

In 2010 the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards

3. How does E-Government relate to Public Administration?

E-Government is the use of Information and Communication Technologies in public

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