Stresses in Beam With Examples

Stresses in Beams Mechanic of Materials
- Bending Stress and Structures

- Shear Stress SEAU 2212
Semester II
2021/2022
DR. RAHIMAH MUHAMAD

Bending Stresses in Beam
Bending Stresses in Beams
The bending moment, M, along the length of the beam can be determined
from the moment diagram. The bending moment at any location along
the beam can then be used to calculate the bending stress over the beam’s
cross section at that location.
The bending moment varies over the height

of the cross section according to the flexure formula below:
2
where M is the bending moment at the location of interest along
the beam's length, Ic is the centroidal moment of inertia of the
beam's cross section, and y is the distance from the beam's neutral axis to
the point of interest along the height of the cross section. The negative
sign indicates that a positive moment will result in a compressive stress
above the neutral axis.
The bending stress is zero at the beam's neutral axis, which is coincident
with the centroid of the beam's cross section.
The bending stress increases linearly away from the neutral axis until the
maximum values at the extreme fibers at the top and bottom of the beam.
The maximum bending stress occurs at the extreme fiber of the beam and
is calculated as:
where c is the centroidal distance of the cross section

(the distance from the centroid to the extreme fiber).
If the beam is asymmetric about the neutral axis such that the distances
from the neutral axis to the top and to the bottom of the beam are
not equal, the maximum stress will occur at the farthest location from
the neutral axis.
In the figure below, the tensile stress at the top of the beam is larger than
the compressive stress at the bottom.
The section modulus of a cross section combines the centroidal moment

of inertia, Ic, and the centroidal distance, c:
The benefit of the section modulus is that it characterizes the bending
resistance of a cross section in a single term. The section modulus can be
substituted into the flexure formula to calculate the maximum bending
stress in a cross section:
Example 1.0: Bending Stress
The simply supported beam in figure below has a cross-sectional area
shown in figure (b). Determine the maximum bending stress in the beam
and draw the stress distribution over the cross section at this location.
Shear Stresses in Beam
The shear force, V, along the length of the beam can be determined
from the shear diagram.
The shear force at any location along the beam can then be used to
calculate the shear stress over the beam's cross section at that location.
The average shear stress over the cross section is given by:
The shear stress varies over the height of the cross section,
as shown in the figure below:
The shear stress is zero at the free surfaces (the top and bottom of the beam)
and it is maximum at the centroid.
The equation for shear stress at any point located a distance y1 from the
centroid of the cross section is given by:
where V is the shear force acting at the location of the cross section, Ic is
the centroidal moment of inertia of the cross section, and b is the width of
the cross section. These terms are all constants.
The Q term is the first moment of the area bounded by the point of interest
and the extreme fiber of the cross section:
Shear Stresses in Rectangular Beams
• The distribution of shear stress along the height of a rectangular cross
section is shown in the figure below:
•
The first moment of area at any given point y1 along the height of the
cross section is calculated by:
The maximum value of Q occurs at the neutral axis of the beam

(where y1 = 0):
The shear stress at any given point y1 along the height of the cross
section is calculated by:
where Ic = b·h3/12 is the centroidal moment of inertia of the cross section.

The maximum shear stress occurs at the neutral axis of the beam and is
calculated by:
• where A = b·h is the area of the cross section.

• We can see from the previous equation that the maximum shear stress
in the cross section is 50% higher than the average stress V/A.

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Stresses in Beams Mechanic of Materials

- Bending Stress and Structures

DR. RAHIMAH MUHAMAD

The bending moment varies over the height

where c is the centroidal distance of the cross section

The section modulus of a cross section combines the centroidal moment

The maximum value of Q occurs at the neutral axis of the beam

where Ic = b·h3/12 is the centroidal moment of inertia of the cross section.

• where A = b·h is the area of the cross section.

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