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EE114 Power Engineering - I

Assignment 03

• Question 1: The magnetic circuit shown in Fig. 1 has dimensions Ae = Ag = 9 cm2 , g =

0.050 cm, lc = 30 cm and N = 500 turns. Assume the value µr = 70,000 for core material.
(a) Find the reluctances Re and Rg . For the condition that the magnetic circuit is operating
with Bc = 1.0 T, find (b) the flux ϕ and (c) the current i .

Figure 1

• Question 2: Find the flux ϕ and current for Question 1 if (a) The number of turns is doubled
to N = 1000 turns while the circuit dimensions remains the same. (b) if the number of turns
remains same (N = 500 turns) and the gap is reduced to 0.040 cm.
• Question 3: The relative permeability of the core material for the magnetic circuit of Fig.
1 is assumed to be µr = 70000 at a flux density of 1.0 T.
(a) For this value of µr , calculate the inductance of the winding. (b) Calculate the inductance
under the assumption that the relative permeability is equal to 2900.
Derive your conclusions from these problems (a) and (b).
• Question 4: For the magnetic circuit of Fig. 1. find (a) the inductance L, (b) the magnetic
stored energy W for Bc = 1.0 T, and (c) the induced voltage e for a 60 Hz time varying core
flux of the form Bc = 1.0 sin (ωt) where ω = 2π60.
• Question 5: Assume the core material in Fig. 1 is M-5 electrical steel. (a) Find the current
i required to produce Bc = 1.0 T. (Hc = 11 A-turns/m)(b) Find the current i required to
produce Bc = 1.6 T. (Hc = 71 A-turns/m) (c) By what factor does the current have to be
increased to result in this factor of 1.6 increase in flux density?
• Question 6: A magnetic circuit with a single air gap is shown in Fig. 2. The core dimensions
are:
Ac = 1.8 x 10−3 m2 lc = 0.6 m g = 2.3 x 10−3 m N = 83 turns
Assume that the core is of infinite permeability and neglect the fringing effect. (a) Calculate
the reluctance of the core and that of the air gap.
For a current of i = 1.5 A, calculate (b) the total flux ϕ (b) the flux linkage λ (c) coil
inductance L.

• Question 7: The magnetic circuit of Fig. 3 consists of a core and a moveable plunger of
width lp , each of permeability µ. The core has cross-sectional area Ac and mean length lc .
The overlap area of the two air gaps Ag is a function of the plunger position x and can be
assumed to vary as
 
x
Ag = Ac 1 −
X0

You may neglect the fringing effect at the air gap and use approximation consistent with
magnetic-circuit analysis.
(a) Assume infinite permeability, derive an expression for the magnetic flux density in the
air gap Bg as a function of the winding current I and as the plunger position is varied (0
≤x≤ 0.8X0 ). What is the corresponding flux density in the core?
(b) Repeat part (a) for a finite permeability.

Figure 2 Figure 3

• Question 8: The magnetic circuit of Fig 4. consists of rings of magnetic material in a stack
of height h. The rings have inner radius Ri and outer radius Ro . Assume that the iron is of
infinite permeability and neglect the effects of magnetic leakage and fringing. For:
Ri = 3.4 cm
Ro = 4.0 cm
h = 2 cm
g = 0.2 cm
Calculate:

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 (a) the mean core length and the cross sectional area.
(b) Reluctance of the core and air gap.
if N = 65 turns, calculate:
(c) the inductance.
(d) current i required to operate at an air-gap flux density of Bg = 1.35T.
(e) Corresponding flux linkage of the coil.

• Question 9: A square voltage wave having a fundamental frequency of 60 Hz and equal

positive and negative half cycles of amplitude E is applied to a 1000-turn winding surrounding
a closed iron core of 1.25 x 10−3 m2 cross section. (a) Sketch the voltage, winding flux linkage
and the core flux as a function of time. (b) Find the maximum permissible value of E if the
maximum flux density is not to exceed 1.15 T.

• Question 10: The inductor of Fig. 5 has following dimensions.

Ac = 1.0cm2
lc = 15cm
g = 0.8mm
N = 480 turns
Neglect fringing effect and leakage flux.
(a) Calculate inductance. (µr = 1000)
(b) This inductor is connected to 60 Hz voltage source. Calculate the RMS inductor voltage
corresponding to peak core flux density of 1.5 T. Calculate the RMS current and the peak
stored energy.

• Question 11: Consider the magnetic circuit of Fig. 6. This structure, known as a pot-core,
is typically made in two halves. The N -tum coil is wound on a cylindrical bobbin and can
be easily inserted over the central post of the core as the two halves are assembled. Because
the air gap is internal to the core, provided the core is not driven excessively into saturation,
relatively little magnetic flux will ”leak” from the core, making this a particularly attractive

Figure 5
Figure 4

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 configuration for a wide variety of applications, both for inductors such as that of Fig. 5 and
transformers.
Assume the core permeability to be µ = 2500µ0 and N = 200 turns. The following dimensions
are specified:
R1 = 1.5cm
R2 = 4cm
l = 2.5cm
h = 0.75cm
g = 0.5mm
(a) Find the value of R3 such that the flux density in the outer wall of the core is equal to
that within the central cylinder.
(b) Assume flux density in the radial section of the core remains uniform. (i) write an
expression for the coil inductance. (ii) evaluate for the given dimensions.
(c) The core is to be operated at peak flux density of 0.8 T at frequency of 60 Hz. Find (i)
RMS value of the voltage induced in the winding, (ii) RMS coil current, (iii) The peak stored
energy.

• Question 12: The magnetic circuit of Fig. 7 has two windings and two air gaps. The core
can be assumed to be infinite permeability.
(a) Assuming coil 1 to be carrying a current I1 and the current in coil 2 to be zero, calculate
(i) the magnetic flux density in each of the air gaps, (ii) the flux linkage of winding 1, and
(iii) the flux linkage of winding 2.
(b) Repeat part (a), assuming zero current in winding 1 and a current I2 in winding 2.
(c) Repeat part (a), assuming the current in winding 1 to be I1 and the current in winding
2 to be I2 .
(d) Find the self-inductances of windings 1 and 2 and the mutual inductance between the
windings.

• Question 13: The symmetric magnetic circuit of Fig. 8. has three windings. Windings
A and B each have N turns and are wound on the two bottom legs of the core. The core
dimensions are indicated in the figure.
(a) Find the self-inductances of each of the windings.

Figure 6 Figure 7

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 (b) Find the mutual inductances between the three pairs of windings.
(c) Find the voltage induced in winding 1 by time-varying currents ia (t) and ib (t) in windings
A and B. Show that this voltage can be used to measure the imbalance between two sinusoidal
currents of the same frequency.

Figure 8

• Question 14: Solve for I1 , I2 and Vo in Fig.9.

Figure 9