Nefas Silk Polytechnic Collage

Learning Guide Perform Installation works

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics
 Plan and prepare for installation
 Install electrical machines and drives
 Test installed electrical machines and drives
 Clean-up

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:-

 Read and interpret Work instructions to determine job requirements.

 Select Tools and testing devices needed to carry out the installation work in accordance with
established procedures and checked for correct operation and safety.

 Obtain Materials necessary to complete the work in accordance with job requirements.

 Wear Appropriatepersonal protective equipmentin line with standard operating procedures.

 Follow OHS policies and procedures for installation in line with the job requirements.

 install Electrical machines and drives in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions,

requirements, and without damage to the surrounding place or environment

 respond Unplanned events or conditions to in accordance with established procedures

 Test Electrical machines and drives in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction

 Undertake Final inspections to ensure that the installed electrical machines and drives
conform to manufacturer’s instruction.

 prepare Reporton installation and testing of equipment according to company’s

procedures/policies

 clean and clear Work site of all debris and left safe in accordance with the company
requirement

 clean Tools and put in their proper places

 Store Excess materials properly in accordance with the enterprise standards procedures

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Information sheet 1 Plan and prepare for installation

1. Plan and prepare for installation

1.1 Safety
Occupational safety and health is an area concerned with protecting the safety, health
and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goals of occupational safety and
health programs include to foster a safe and healthy work environment.OSH may also protect co-
workers, family members, employers, customers, and many others who might be affected by the
workplace environment.

Occupational safety and health can be important for moral, legal, and financial reasons. All
organizations have a duty of care to ensure that employees and any other person who may be
affected by the companies undertaking remain safe at all times.[2] Moral obligations would
involve the protection of employee's lives and health. Legal reasons for OSH practices relate to
the preventative, punitive and compensatory effects of laws that protect worker's safety and
health. OSH can also reduce employee injury and illness related costs, including medical care,
sick leave and disability benefit costs. OSH may involve interactions among many subject areas,
including occupational medicine, occupational hygiene, public health, safety
engineering, industrial engineering, chemistry, health physics, industrial and organizational
psychology, ergonomics and occupational health psychology.

Assignment: write me the main electrical OHS?

1.2 Reading and interpreting work instructions

What kind of instruction are we using in our workshop? At your work place if you are imployed.

Discussion

1.3 Selecting tools and testing devices

1.3.1 Electrical hand tools (pliers, screwdrivers, wrenches, wires, splicer, knife,
wire stripper)
We have already studied this section. Do you remember what we have learned?

1.3.2 Multi-testers, mega-ohmmeter, clamp ammeter

1.3.2.1 A multi-tester or multi-meter is a device which can be used to gather data
about electrical circuits. A basic multi-tester can measure resistance, voltage,
and continuity; while more advanced versions may be able to provide additional
data. This tool can be very useful to have around the house, and anyone who
plans on doing electrical repairs should most definitely use a multi-tester for
safety reasons. Multi-testers can be used with the current off or on in most
cases, although using the device with the current on can sometimes result in
damage to the device.
1.3.2.2 Clamp ammeter: A clamp meter measures the vector sum of the
currents flowing in all the conductors passing through the probe, which depends

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on the phase relationship of the currents. Only one conductor is normally passed

through the probe. It is a direct online measuring instrument.

1.3.2.3 Mega-ohmmeter (megger): Megohmmeters (sometimes referred to as

a megger) is a special type of ohmmeter used to measure the electrical
resistance of insulators. Insulating components, for example cable jackets, must
be tested for their insulation strength at the time of commissioning and as part
of maintenance of high voltage electrical equipment and installations. For this
purpose megohmmeters, which can provide high DC voltages (typically in
ranges from 500V to 2kV) at specified current capacity, are used. Acceptable
insulator resistance values are typically 1 to 10 megohms, depending on the
standards referenced.

1.3.3 Tachometer
A tachometer (revolution-counter, Tach, rev-counter, RPM gauge) is an instrument
measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine. The device
usually displays the revolutions per minute (RPM) on a calibrated analogue dial, but digital
displays are increasingly common. 

1.3.4 Pressure gauge

Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum.
Instruments used to measure pressure are called pressure gauges or vacuum gauges.
A manometer is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to measure pressure, although the
term is often used nowadays to mean any pressure measuring instrument.

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A vacuum gauge is used to measure the pressure in a vacuum—which is further divided into

two subcategories, high and low vacuum (and sometimes ultra-high vacuum). The applicable
pressure ranges of many of the techniques used to measure vacuums have an overlap. Hence, by
combining several different types of gauge, it is possible to measure system pressure
continuously from 10 mbar down to 10−11 mbar.
Everyday pressure measurements, such as for tire pressure, are usually made relative to ambient
air pressure. In other cases measurements are made relative to a vacuum or to some other
specific reference. When distinguishing between these zero references, the following terms are
used:

 Absolute pressure is zero-referenced against a perfect vacuum, so it is equal to gauge

pressure plus atmospheric pressure.
 Gauge pressure is zero-referenced against ambient air pressure, so it is equal to absolute
pressure minus atmospheric pressure. Negative signs are usually omitted. To distinguish a
negative pressure, the value may be appended with the word "vacuum" or the gauge may be
labeled a "vacuum gauge."
 Differential pressure is the difference in pressure between two points.

1.3.5 Industrial thermometer

Use to measure temperature. What is the difference between normal thermometer and industrial
thermometer?

1.3.6 Frequency meter

An instrument for measuring the frequency of an alternating current; the scale is usually
graduated in hertz, kilohertz, and megahertz. Example we can measure the frequency by

1.3.7 Flow meters

A flow meter is an instrument used to measure linear, nonlinear, mass or volumetric flow

rate of a liquid or a gas.
Gas
Gases are compressible and change volume when placed under pressure, are heated or are
cooled. A volume of gas under one set of pressure and temperature conditions is not equivalent

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to the same gas under different conditions. References will be made to "actual" flow rate through
a meter and "standard" or "base" flow rate through a meter with units such as acm/h (actual cubic
meters per hour),kscm/h (thousand standard cubic meters per hour), LFM (linear feet per
minute), or MSCFD (million standard cubic feet per day).
Gas mass flow rate can be directly measured, independent of pressure and temperature effects,
with thermal mass flow meters, Coriolis mass flow meters, or mass flow controllers.
Liquid
For liquids, various units are used depending upon the application and industry, but might
include gallons (U.S. liquid or imperial) per minute, liters per second, bushels per minute or,
when describing river flows, cumecs (cubic metres per second) or acre-feet per day. In
oceanography a common unit to measure volume transport (volume of water transported by a
current for example) is a sverdrup (Sv) equivalent to 106 m3 / s.
1.3.8 Lux meters

1.4 Installation materials

1.4.1 Wires
A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. Wires are used to bear
mechanical loads and to carry electricity and telecommunications signals. Wire is commonly
formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Standard sizes are determined
by various wire gauges. The term wire is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such
strands, as in 'multi-stranded wire', which is more correctly termed a rope in mechanics, or
a cable in electricity.
1.4.2 Terminal lugs
Lugs are crimped conductor terminations in ring, fork, spade, or pin shapes.The lug terminal
comes in an extremely wide variety of shapes and sizes. They may be bare or insulated. Methods
of connecting to the cable vary as follows:

 Ferrules, which are used on flexible cables to prevent the strands from spreading out and
are then, connected using a screw or clamp terminal.
 Large power cables where the lug is compressed onto the cable using a hydraulic type
crimp tool. The lug is then connected to a post or screw head terminal.

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1.4.3 Terminal blocks

Splicing devices, such as screw terminal blocks, are used in PV systems to connect or extend
conductors, parallel array source circuits, or tap service-entrance conductors for supply-side
interconnections.

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1.4.4 Terminal wire marker

1.4.5 Tubing
An electrical conduit is a tubing system used for protection and routing of electrical wiring.
Electrical conduit may be made of metal, plastic, fiber, or fired clay. Flexible conduit is available
for special purposes.

1.4.6 Tube fittings

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1.4.7 Teflon sealant

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Self-Check Written Test

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Illustrations may be necessary to aid some
explanations/answers.

1. What are the types of induction machine? (2 points)

2. What are the types of single phase induction machine? (2 points)
3. What is a control circuit (2points)
4. What is limit switch? (1 point)

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

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Information sheet 2 Install electrical machines and drives

2.1 PPE
Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other
garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury. The hazards addressed
by protective equipment include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne
particulate matter. Protective equipment may be worn for job-related occupational purposes, as
well as for sports and other recreational activities. "Protective clothing" is applied to traditional
categories of clothing, and "protective gear" applies to items such as pads, guards, shields, or
masks, and others.

Safety hat, Safety shoes, Ear muffs, Goggles, Safety belt/Harness, Gloves and Mask

2.2 OHS
2.2.1 OHS guidelines
Assignment

2.2.2 Ethiopian environmental standards

Assignment

2.3 Installing electrical machines and drives

2.3.1 Basic Electronics
Electronics can be divided based on different conditions.
3.2.1.1 Materials Based on flow of electrons
a. Conductors: - Materials that permit flow of electrons are called
conductors (e.g., gold, silver, copper, etc.).
b. Insulators: - Materials that block flow of electrons are called
insulators (e.g., rubber, glass, Teflon, mica, etc.).
c. Semiconductors:-Materials whose conductivity falls between those of
conductors and insulators are called semiconductors. Semiconductors
are “part-time” conductors whose conductivity can be
controlled.Silicon is the most common material used to build
semiconductor devices.
3.2.1.2 Active and passive electronics
A Passive Components: - are
I. Resistors
II. Capacitors
III. Inductors
IV. Interface components:-
1. Switches
2. Plugs: -Two common plug styles

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1/8” stereo phone plug RCA plug

1/8” mono phone plug

3. Sockets
4. Panel controls
B Active Components are:-

1. diode: -
2. Transistors:-Three terminal devices manufactured in a variety of package styles.
Bipolar
Field effect
3. Integrated circuits: - Integrated circuits (ICs) are multi-terminal devices that
provide an array of functions and applications far too numerous to list here.
Analog
Digital
Microcontroller
IC Pin identification and numbering convention

Pin 8
Pin 14

Notch

Dimple
Pin 7
Pin 1
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2.3.2 Motors and Generators

2.3.3 Motor Controllers
2.3.4 Power Calculation
2.3.5 Time Management
2.3.6 Measurement
2.3.7 Pneumatics / electro-pneumatics
2.4 Responding for unplanned events

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Self-Check Written Test

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Illustrations may be necessary to aid some
explanations/answers.

5. What are the types of induction machine? (2 points)

6. What are the types of single phase induction machine? (2 points)
7. What is a control circuit (2points)
8. What is limit switch? (1 point)

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 5 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

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Information sheet 3 Test installed electrical machines and drives

3.1 Testing electrical machine drives

3.1.1 Analogue devices
3.1.1.1 Actuators
3.1.1.2 Servo and Stepper Motors
3.1.1.3 Frequency drives
3.1.1.4 Transducers
3.1.1.5 Transmitters
3.1.2 Digital devices
3.2.1.1 Actuators
3.2.1.2 Buzzers
3.2.1.3 Indicating Lamps
3.2.1.4 Limit switches
3.2.1.5 Magnetic contactors
3.2.1.6 Photo-sensors
3.2.1.7 Proximity sensors
3.2.1.8 Solenoid Cylinders
3.2.1.9 Directional solenoid valves
3.2 undertaking final inspections
3.3 Reporting preparation

Self-Check Written Test

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Illustrations may be necessary to aid some
explanations/answers.

1) What are transducers? (2 points)

2) What are Transmitters? (2 points)
3) What are limiting switch? (2 points)
4) What is actuator? (2 points)
5) What is a control circuit? (2points)
6) What are Proximity Sensors? (2points)

Note: Satisfactory rating –above 6 points Unsatisfactory - below 6 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

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Information sheet4 Clean-Up

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