Scribd
Upload
196 views2 pages

Functional Analysis I Exercise Sheet 1: and Contained in

This document contains an exercise sheet for a functional analysis course. It includes 4 exercises: 1) Proving that a function defining a metric on the set of all real-valued sequences is indeed a metric and the resulting metric space is complete. 2) Proving properties of a metric defined on the space of continuous real-valued functions on an open set using convergence on compact subsets. 3) Showing various characterizations of a complete metric space are equivalent using Baire's category theorem. 4) Proving properties of Lp spaces of sequences including showing `p is meager in `q when 1 ≤ p < q ≤ ∞.

Uploaded by

Gabriel Arpino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
196 views2 pages

Functional Analysis I Exercise Sheet 1: and Contained in

This document contains an exercise sheet for a functional analysis course. It includes 4 exercises: 1) Proving that a function defining a metric on the set of all real-valued sequences is indeed a metric and the resulting metric space is complete. 2) Proving properties of a metric defined on the space of continuous real-valued functions on an open set using convergence on compact subsets. 3) Showing various characterizations of a complete metric space are equivalent using Baire's category theorem. 4) Proving properties of Lp spaces of sequences including showing `p is meager in `q when 1 ≤ p < q ≤ ∞.

Uploaded by

Gabriel Arpino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

d-math Functional Analysis I ETH Zürich

Prof. M. Struwe Exercise Sheet 1 Autumn 2019

Exercise 1.1 Consider the set of all real-valued sequences

S = {(sn )n∈N | ∀n ∈ N : sn ∈ R}.

Prove that the function d : S × S → [0, ∞) defined by

|xn − yn |
2−n
X
d((xn )n∈N , (yn )n∈N ) =
n∈N 1 + |xn − yn |

is a metric over S, and that (S, d) is a complete metric space.


t
Hint: the function t 7→ 1+t
, t > 0, is concave.

Exercise 1.2 Let Ω ⊆ Rm be an open subset and let (Ωn )n∈N be an exhaustion of
Ω by open sets with compact closure, that is, each Ωn ⊆ Rm is open, Ωn is compact
and contained in Ω, Ωn ⊆ Ωn+1 and Ω = n∈N Ωn . Define
S

kf − gkC 0 (Ωn )
2−n
X
d(f, g) =
n∈N 1 + kf − gkC 0 (Ωn )

for every continuous, real-valued functions f, g ∈ C 0 (Ω, R).


(a) Prove that d defines a metric in C 0 (Ω, R).
(b) Prove that (C 0 (Ω, R), d) is a complete metric space.
(c) Let Cc0 (Ω, R) be the set of continuous functions with compact support in Ω. Prove
that Cc0 (Ω, R) is dense in (C 0 (Ω, R), d).
Remark. The topology defined by d is called topology of the convergence on compact
subsets of Ω. It is possible to prove that it does not depend on the chosen exhaustion.

Exercise 1.3 Let (X, d) be a metric space. Prove that the following are equivalent:
(a) The complement of every meager set is dense in X.
(b) The interior of every meager set is empty.
(c) The empty set is the only open and meager set.
(d) Countable intersections of open dense sets are dense.
Hint: recall that A is dense in X if and only if its complement has empty interior.
Last modified: 23 September 2019

1/2
ETH Zürich Functional Analysis I d-math
Autumn 2019 Exercise Sheet 1 Prof. M. Struwe

Remark. Thanks to Baire’s Category Theorem, each of the above conditions are
satisfied in a complete metric space.

Exercise 1.4 Let (xn )n∈N ⊆ R be a sequence. Define, for every p ∈ [1, ∞],
 !1/p

p
 X


 |xn | if p < ∞,
k(xn )n∈N k`p = n∈N

 sup |xn | if p = ∞,



n∈N

and let `p = {(xn )n∈N | k(xn )n∈N k`p < ∞}. For every p ∈ [1, ∞], (`p , k · k`p ) is a
Banach space.
Let now 1 ≤ p < q ≤ ∞. Prove that:
(a) `p ( `q and k(xn )n∈N k`q ≤ k(xn )n∈N k`p for every (xn )n∈N ∈ `p .
(b) `p is meager in `q .
`p ( `q .
S
(c) 1≤p<q

Hint for (b): The set An = {(xn )n∈N ∈ `q | k(xn )n∈N k`p ≤ n} ⊆ `q is closed in `q and
has empty interior in `q .
Remark. Notice that `p = Lp (N, A, µ), where A is the σ-algebra of all subsets of N
and µ is the counting measure, i. e. µ(M ) is the cardinality of M (possibly ∞).

2/2

You might also like