5 CounterMeasures
5 CounterMeasures
5 CounterMeasures
Road safety
Engineering
Ambo University Hachalu Hundessa
Institute of Technology
SCEE, Civil Engineering
Prof. Emer T. Quezon
C.Eng., M.ASCE, MSc., PhD
Dr.-Ing(hc)
Email: quezonet09@gmail.com
emer.tucay@aastu.edu.et
Webpage:
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=I
6QHv7UAAAAJ&hl=en
Chapter 5
Countermeasures
on the Occurrence of Crash
Severity
Introduction
A countermeasure is a roadway strategy
intended to decrease crash frequency or severity,
or both at a site.
Prior to selecting countermeasures, crash data
and site supporting documentation are analyzed,
and a field review is conducted to diagnose the
characteristics of each site, and identify crash
patterns.
The sites are further evaluated to identify factors
that may be contributing to observed crash
patterns or concerns, and countermeasures are
selected to address the respective contributing
factors.
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS
1. For each identified crash pattern, there may be
multiple contributing factors.
2. The following sections provide information to assist
with development of a comprehensive list of possible
crash contributing factors.
3. The intent is to assist in identification of a broad
range of possible contributing factors in order to
minimize the probability that a major contributing
factor will be overlooked.
4. Once a broad range of contributing factors have
been considered, engineering judgment is applied
to identify those factors that are expected to be the
greatest contributors to each particular crash type or
concern.
5. The information obtained as part of the diagnosis
process will be the primary basis for such decisions.
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
6. Perspectives to Consider when Evaluating
Contributing Factors
1. A useful framework for identifying crash
contributing factors is the Haddon Matrix.
2. In the Haddon Matrix, the crash contributing
factors are divided into three categories: human,
vehicle, and roadway.
3. The possible crash conditions before, during, and
after a crash are related to each crash
contributing factor category to identify possible
reasons for the crash.
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS
The engineering perspective considers items like crash data,
supporting documentation, and field conditions in the
context of identifying potential engineering solutions to
reduce crash frequency or severity.
Evaluation of contributing factors from an engineering
perspective may include comparing field conditions to
various national and local jurisdictional design guidelines
related to signing, striping, geometric design, traffic control
devices, roadway classifications, work zones, etc.
In reviewing these guidelines, if a design anomaly is
identified it may provide a clue to the crash contributing
factors.
However, it is important to emphasize that consistency with
design guidelines does not correlate directly to a safe
roadway system;
vehicles are driven by humans who are dynamic beings with
varied capacity to perform the driving task.
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS
When considering human factors in the context of
contributing factors, the goal is to understand the
human contributions to the cause of the crash in
order to propose solutions that might break the
chain of events that led to the crash.
Several fundamental principles essential to
understanding the human factors aspects of the
roadway safety management process include:
Attention and information processing:
Vision:
Perception-reaction time:
Speed choice:
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Contributing Factors for Consideration
Crashes on Road way Segments
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Crash Type Possible Contributing Factor(s)
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Crash Type Possible Contributing Factor(s)
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Crashes at Signalized Intersections
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Crash Type Possible Contributing Factor(s)
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Crashes at Un-Signalized Intersections
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Crash Type Possible Contributing Factor(s)
IDENTIFYING CONTRIBUTING FACTORS