4

Science
Quarter 3 - Module 5
Lesson 2 : How Light, Heat and Sound
Travels
S4FE-IIIfg-4
Science – Grade 4
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 5: How Heat, Light and sound Travels
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education- Region III

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

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Agnes S. Gloria
Frederick A. Anadilla

Content Editor: Charito N. Laggui

Language Editor: Alletha L. Lumanog
Layout Editor: Charito N. Laggui

Management Team : Gregorio C. Quinto

Rainelda M. Blanco
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Marinella P. Garcia Sy
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Department of Education--- Schools Division of Bulacan
Office Address: Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
E-mail address: [email protected]
 4
Science
Quarter 3 - Module 5
Lesson 2: How Light, Heat and Sound
Travels
S4FE-IIIfg-4
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teachers are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module provides varied activities that will help you

learn how light, heat and sound travels in different media.
LC Code: S4FE-IIIfg-4

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• Describe how light, heat and sound travels,
• Infer that:
▪ Heat travels from hot to cold objects.
▪ Light travels in a straight line and
▪ Sounds travels through different media.

What I Know
Directions: Read each sentence carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write them in your answer sheet.

1. When is sound made?

a. When an object travels in space.
b. When an object hits another object.
c. When an object moves back and forth
d. When there is air around.

2. The greater the force applied to a body ______.

a. the more it vibrates
b. the lesser it vibrates
c. the smaller is its amplitude
d. the lower is its pitch

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3. If the sound is to travel through a wooden table and a metal table, where
would it travel faster and why?
a. Through the wooden table because its molecules are closer
to each other.
b. Through the metal table because its molecules are closer to
each other.
c. Through the wooden table because its molecules are farther
to each other.
d. Through the metal table because its molecules are farther to
each other.

4. What is the direction of heat transfer?

a. from hot to cold
b. from cold to hot
c. from bottom to top
d. from side to side

5. When heat is transferred in gases, it is called _______.

a. convection
b. radiation
c. conduction
d. roasting

6. Why is it not advisable to stay in hot and noisy places?

a. Our sense of hearing may be affected badly.
b. Many people will discover our talents.
c. Our sense of sight may be damage by the heat of the sun.
d. Both a and c

7. Why do we need to use potholder when handling hot casseroles or any

hot cooking wares?
a. To protect our hands from getting hurt or burned.
b. To protect our new cuticles from fading.
c. To maintain the softness of our hands.
d. None of the above.

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8. When we are in the classroom, which of the following sound may reach
our ears first?
a. Sound from tapping the table.
b. Ring of the bell from the principal’s office.
c. Whisper of your classmate seated behind the room.
d. Chirps of a bird nearby acacia tree.

9. Which of the following shows proper way of protecting oneself from the
heat of the sun?
a. Wearing protective clothing like long sleeves if you are working
under the sun.
b. Drink plenty of water to keep hydrated during sunny day.
c. Use wide-brimmed hat when working in the fields.
d. All of the above.

10. Light travels in a ____ line when it passes through a single medium.
a. Curve c. Zigzag
b. Straight d. Wave

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 What’s In

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write them in

your answer sheet.

1. Describe the arrangement of molecules in solids.

a) They are far apart from each other.
b) They can go freely.
c) They are close together.
d) They are arranged one foot apart.

2. What kind of energy is involved when ice melts?

a) light energy
b) heat energy
c) chemical energy
d) nuclear energy

3. What kind of energy does bread possess?

a) chemical
b) solar
c) kinetic
d) mechanical

4. It is the capacity to do work.

a) force
b) friction
c) energy
d) pull

5. Help us see the things around us.

a) light energy
b) heat energy
c) chemical energy
d) nuclear energy

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 What’s New

Directions: On the line, write what kind of heat transfer is taking place.
Use convection, conduction, and radiation to fill in the blanks.

1. A snowball in your hand _______________

2. Warm air melting cold air _______________

3. Sun rays warming a puddle _______________

4. Using your blow dryer _______________

5. Ironing a wrinkled skirt _______________

6. Pouring a cold water on your hot coffee _______________

7. The sun warming the surface of a rock _______________

8. An egg on a hot skillet _______________

9. Using a curling iron to curl your hair _______________

10. Butter melting on a warm pancake _______________

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 What is It

Heat is a form of energy associated with the action of particles and

capable of being transmitted through solid and liquid media by
conduction, convection and through empty spaces by radiation.
Heat from a hot object can transfer to a cold object. As a thermal
energy it is transferred between bodies of different temperature.
How does the transfer of heat happen? You will find out the answer to this
question as you go through this module.

Heat Travels by Conduction

❖ Conduction – is the transfer of heat in solid materials. The heat
from the lamp makes the atom at the bottom of the nail to vibrate
faster. Conduction is the heat transfer through a substance or from
a substance to another by direct contact.
The illustration below shows conduction. The heat from the lighted
candle travels to the spoon (cold object) by direct contact causing
the spoon to become hot.

Another example of conduction is shown below.

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 The heat from hot water travels to the ladle by direct contact.
The water and the ladle are composed of small particles called
molecules. Heat makes the molecules in the object move faster.
The fast movements of the water molecules make the cooler ladle
molecules move fast, too. As the fast-moving particles collide with
the slow-moving particles, energy is transferred. As a result, more
molecules move fast. This movement of water molecules continue
until heat is spread uniformly throughout the materials.

There are materials that allow heat to flow easily, we call them
conductors. Metals are good conductors. That is why we use them as
cooking utensils because heat moves fast through the metal pan to the
food. There are materials through which heat passes slowly or not at all.
We call these insulators. Some good insulators are wood, plastic, and
ceramic.

Heat Travels by Convection

❖ Convection – is the transfer of heat in air and water. When the
liquid or gas is heated, the molecules of the heated part move
faster and away from each other. Warm liquid rises and cold liquid
sinks.
The illustration below shows convection.
chimney
Arrows represent Convection
the direction of the box
air movement

Ice cubes candles

The air surrounding the candle is warm while the air surrounding
the ice cubes is cold. As air is heated by the lighted candle, the air
particles acquire energy and move faster and farther apart from
one another. Warm air becomes light. It rises because gravity
cannot pull it. Cold air is heavy because the air particles are close
to one another. Cold air sinks because gravity cannot pull it. Cold

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 air sinks and pushes the warm air upwards. This process is known
as convection. Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement
of the heated parts of a liquid or gas.

Heat Travels by Radiation

❖ Radiation – is the transfer of heat across empty space or vacuum

in the form of waves. Radiation does not depend on the presence of
matter to transfer heat. The heat we receive from the sun is radiant
energy. Radiant energy travels as waves through space.

When you stand before a bonfire or a stove you feel warm. The heat from
the bonfire traveled in waves through space to your body. Your body
absorbs the heat so it will become warm. This method of heat transfer is
called radiation.

Heat travels through solid, liquid, and gas

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Science Fact File
Heat is given off whenever energy is being used. The more heat energy
an object has, the faster its molecules move. You cannot see heat energy,
but you can detect evidence of heat transfer. If you need evidence of
thermal energy or heat in your life, just feel your arm. Your body generates
heat 24 hours a day!

Light Travels
What is light? Is it matter or is it energy? Is it a particle or is it a
wave? Do you know that for centuries, scientists disagreed about the
nature of light?
Sir Isaac Newton in his corpuscular theory of light thought that light
is made up of particles that travel through space on a straight line. On
the other hand, Christian Huygens, a Dutch physicist, thought that light is
made up of waves like that of water waves. This is called the wave theory
of light.
When scientists discovered the interference of light, they thought they
had proved that light consists of waves. They felt that particles did not act
this way. Yet, at that time, scientists believed that waves must travel
through a medium. They could not explain how waves of sunlight travelled
to the earth through a vacuum or space. Later, it was found that an
electromagnetic wave, such as light, could travel through a vacuum.
Electromagnetic waves are disturbances caused by both electric and
magnetic fields. According to James Clerk Maxwell, light is that small part
of the electromagnetic spectrum which affects our vision. Light is
propagated in space as electromagnetic waves. This is known as
electromagnetic wave theory of light.
Light always travels in a straight line when going through a single
medium, any substance through which a light wave can travel. In some
media, such as air, light travels quickly. In other media, such as water and
glass, light travels more slowly.

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The picture above shows how light behaves. Two experiments are used
to demonstrate how light travels in straight lines. In the first example, the
presenter arranges three pieces of card, with holes in, in an uneven line.
The light stops and cannot travel through all three cards. When she
arranges the holes in a straight line, the light can travel through.
Whether it is traveling through air, water, glass, diamond, a smoky
Broadway stage, or any other transparent substance (or in nothing — the
vacuum of space), light travels in a straight path until it encounters a
different medium. So straight that analogies fail — the path of light is the
Ultimate Straight Line.

Know This
When does light behave as a particle? When does it behave as a wave?
In general, if light interacts with light such as in interference, it manifests
wave behavior. If light interacts with matter like in the photoelectric effect,
the particle behavior is strongly manifested.

Light of higher frequencies shows more of particle behavior while light of

lower frequencies shows more of the wavelike behavior.

Sound

If a tree falls in the forest and no one is there, does it make any
sound?
Sound is a form of energy that causes particles to vibrate back and
forth. How would you answer the question about the tree falling in the
forest?
When the tree hits the ground, it causes the particles in the air to
vibrate. Vibration is a rapid movement back and forth. The tree creates
vibrations in the air as it falls. The vibrations spread out in all directions.

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If the vibrations in the air reach you, your eardrum will vibrate, and you
will hear the tree falling.
When objects make sound, they move back and forth. This movement is
called vibration. Without vibration there will be no sound. There are Three
components needed for sound to be heard:
• A source – where the sound is made.
• A medium – something for the sound to travel through.
• A receiver – something to detect the sound.

Have you ever placed your hands over your ears because someone
was yelling? The loudness or intensity of a sound depends on the energy
used. The more energy used, the louder the sound. You use a lot more
energy to yell than you do to whisper. The same is true with all sounds:
the more energy expended, the louder the sound.
A sound wave travels at different speed through a different media.
As it travels, sound wave is created in response to a vibration and how
easily they move back to their original position. Another cause is how
strongly the particles are attached or attracted to each other.
There are imaginary waves produced when an object vibrates. We
call these sound waves. When a sound is produced, sound waves are
also produced.

A fast-moving wave travels through solid

A slow-moving wave travels through liquid

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Very slowly wave travels through air

Read This…

Liquids, on the other hand, are better conductors of sound than

gases. If two bodies are struck together underwater, the sound heard by
a person who is underwater is louder than when heard with air as the
medium. As you can see, sound is transmitted differently in different
media. Liquid particles are close to each other than the particles in the
gases, so sound waves are transmitted easier in liquids.
Between liquids and solids, the particles of solids are even closer
together than the liquid molecules; therefore, sound travels even faster in
solids than in liquids. Since different media transmit sound differently,
sound travels at different speeds in different materials. Since solid is the
best transmitter of sound, sound travels fastest in solids and slowest in
gases.
Sound cannot travel in a vacuum. Remember that sound is a
mechanical wave which needs a medium to propagate. If there is no
matter, there is no sound. In the outer space, sound would not be
transmitted.

What’s More
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

1. What energy transfer is shown through direct contact of the heat source
and the body receiving the heat?
a. conduction
b. convention
c. radiation
d. heat

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2. Which of these activities show heat transfer by radiation?
a. boiling egg
b. refrigeration
c. heating the wire
d. lighting the room with a bulb

3. When one uses an exhaust fan, what kind of heat transfer is

demonstrated?
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. nuclear
4. Which of the following DOES NOT show transfer of heat energy?
a. lighting a room with a fluorescent lamp
b. placing a spoon in a cup of hot coffee
c. boiling water in a kettle
d. cutting paper in small pieces

5. Which of the following produce sound?

a. soft objects
b. radio stations
c. vibrating objects
d. objects under pressure

6. Compared to the speed of light, sound travels _______________.

a. faster.
b. slower.
c. at the same speed.
d. There is not enough information to compare the two.

7. Which of the following would be most likely to transmit sound the best?
a. steel in cabinet
b. water in the ocean
c. air in your classroom
d. water in a swimming pool

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8. What is the main reason why you can hear noises a long distance away
over water at night?
a. There are fewer other noises at night.
b. Water conducts sound better at night.
c. Sound bounces off water better at night
d. Sound waves are bent towards the cool air over the water.
9. Sound waves cannot travel in ______________.
a. air
b. water
c. steel
d. vacuum
10. When light travels from air to glass its speed
a. increases.
b. remains the same.
c. decreases.
d. increases then decreases.

Independent Activity 1: Observing that heat transfers from a hot to

a cold body.
Directions: Do the following experiment with proper care and
guidance.
You need: spoon hot water bowl
What to do:

1. Put some water into the bowl.

2. Put the metal spoon into the bowl of hot water.

3. Observe, answer the following questions:

a. Did the bowl’s temperature change as the hot water was poured
into it? ____________

b. Did the metal spoon’s temperature change when you dipped it in

the bowl with hot water? _________

c. What caused the bowl to become hot? _______

d. How about the spoon? _________

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 e. So, was there a transfer of heat? __________

Directions: Give the three methods of heat transfer

1. ______________________
2. ______________________
3. ______________________

Independent Assessment 1
A. Directions: Write True if the statement is true, False if it is not.
_______ 1. Heat is caused by rapidly moving molecules.

_______ 2. Heat can also transfer by waves through space.

_______ 3. Heat can only be transferred in solids.

_______ 4. A stone under the sun becoming warm is an example
of heat transferred from a hot to cold body.
_______ 5. Conduction is a method of heat being transferred from
molecule to molecule.

B. Directions: Draw an illustration showing the movement of heat

from hot to cold body

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Independent Activity 2

Activity: “Heat Transfer”

Why do some objects get hot easily when placed under the heat of
the sun? How heat transferred from one object to another? Let’s
find it out!

1. What do you think will happen to the exposed end of the spoon
after 5 minutes?

2. Did the surface of the mug got hot too?

3. We often got hurt when we touched a turner or “siyansi” left for

frying pan for too long. Suggest ways to reduce the effect of heat
on the turner so that we can avoid getting hurt when we lift it out of
the hot pan.

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 Independent Assessment 2

Directions: How do you classify the materials below? Write C for

conductor and I for insulators.

_____ 1. copper wire

_____ 2. plastic
_____ 3. iron
_____ 4. glass
_____ 5. silver
_____ 6. wood
_____ 7. rubber
_____ 8. aluminum
_____ 9. wax
_____ 10. gold

Independent Activity 3
Directions: Read and study the situations, then answer the follow-up
questions.

Activity: “How does Light Travel”

Have you ever tried aiming a flashlight at distant star on a dark night?
Where you able to follow through the path of light to the star you have
pointed? If not observe the picture below.

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1. Did the hand stop the light?
2. Can the light bend around my hand and shine onto the wall?
3. Do you think that light travels in a straight line or curve line?
4. What can you say about the way light travels?

Activity: What is Vibration?

If sound travels, where would it travel better?

1. What happen to the ruler when it released?

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 2. How do you describe the movement of the ruler?

3. Did the back-and-forth movement of the ruler create a sound?

Independent Assessment 3
Directions: Completion Type. Write the word or expression which best
completes the meaning of the following statements.

1. Sir Isaac Newton in his ____________ of light thought that light is made
up of particles that travel through space on a straight line.

2.___________, a Dutch physicist, thought that light is made up of waves

similar to that of water waves. This is called the wave theory of light.

3. According to James Clerk Maxwell, light is that small part of the

_____________________ which affects our vision.

4. If light interacts with light such as in_____________, it manifests wave

behavior.

5. Sound heard by a person who is underwater is __________ than when

heard with air as the medium

6. Sound travels ________________ in solids and slowest in gases.

7. Sound is a _______________ which needs a medium to propagate. If

there is no matter, there is no sound.

8. Heat travels through solid, liquid, and gas. It transfers from a _____ to
a ________________ object.

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9. Cold air sinks and pushes the warm air upwards. This process is known
as __________________.

10. Materials that transfer _______ easily are called conductors.

What I Have Learned

A. Directions: Answer the following questions briefly.
1. Why do we need to use a pot when we are removing hot casseroles or
any hot cooking wares out of the stoves?

2. When we expose half of a nail outside on a sunny day, then we cover

the other half with a carton, the covered half still gets heated. Why is this
so?

3. When is the best time for us to dry our clothes outdoors, during sunny
day or cloudy day? Why?

4. Staying too long under the sunlight may damage our skin due to the
radiation. What must we do to protect our skin from being hurt by the heat
of the sun?

5. What do you call the heat transferred through gases?

B. Write true if the statement is correct and false if it is not correct.

1. Light travels in a straight line when it passes through a single medium.

___

2. The light that strikes a thick cardboard bends and find another way to
pass through it. ___

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3. Light rays could not be blocked, and they could pass through all types
of materials since they travel on a straight line. ___

4. A laser is a narrow powerful beam of light capable of travelling far

distances on a straight line. ___

5. Optical fibers are used in communication, medicine, and industry. ___

C. Encircle the correct answer.

1. When the sound travels through solid. The vibration of the particles
occurs ____?
A. Fast C. moderately
B. Slowly D. irregularly

2. How do sound travels in air?

A. Very fast C. in jumping motion
B. Very Slowly D. fast in random manner

3. In which medium can sound wave travel faster?

A. Solid C. gases
B. Liquids D. all of the above

4. What affects the speed of sound as it travels?

A. Person receiving it C. The origin of the sound
B. The nature of materials D. Loudness of the sound

5. Which of the following statements about sound is correct?

A. Sound travels faster in air than in liquids.
B. Sound cannot travel through a solid.
C. Sound travels faster in solids than in air.

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 D. The travel of solid is not affected by the medium through which it
travels.

What I Can Do
Directions: Analyze the situation by answering the follow- up question.

1. Which sound would you hear first? A or B? Why?

A B

2. What will be most likely to happen if the light used by big buses or other
modes of transportation was placed on the sides of the vehicles instead
of being placed in the front?

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3. Enumerate activities where conduction, convection or radiation is used
by man.

Ex. Fish dying technology – radiation.

Assessment

A. Directions: Classify the following materials as to conductor or

insulator.

Plastic fork metal pan black board

nickel copper wire vase mug

stainless spoon cloth hanger basin

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 Conductors Insulators

B. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer
on a separate sheet.

1. Sound waves travel faster in water than in air because water has a
greater ___________.
a. density.
b. elasticity.
c. number of molecules.
d. volume.

2. A high frequency sound has _____________.

a. low pitch.
b. high pitch.
c. low energy.
d. a and c

3. Sound waves travel fastest in _____________.

a. vacuum.
b. air.
c. liquids.
d. solids.

4. On which area will we not be able to hear any sound?

a. a theater
b. a closed room
c. in the outer space
d. in a spaceship

5. When is sound transmitted faster?

24
a. during winter
b. during summer
c. There is no relation between season and sound transmission.
d. There is not enough information to say.

Additional Activities

Directions: Do what is asked to answer the follow- up question.

1. Place your ear against one end of a tabletop.

2. Ask a family member to gently tap the other end of the table with a
pencil or a ruler. What happens?

3. Then ask your mother or any member of the family to gently tap the
other end of the table but this time make sure that your ear is above the
other end of the table. What happens?

4. On which situation did you encounter louder and more pronounced

sound?

5. On which situation did you encounter the sound earlier?

25
2. C 2. C 2. Radiation 2. d
3. D 3. A 3. Radiation 3. b
4. A 4. B 4. Radiation 4. d
5. A 5. A 5. Conduction 5. c
6. D 6. Convection
26 6. b
7. B 7. Radiation 7. a
8. A 8. Conduction 8. d
9. D 9. Conduction 9. d
10. B 10. Conduction 10. C
Independent independent independent independent
Activity 1 assessment 1 activity 1 assessment 2
*Answers will be based 1. True * answers may vary 1. C 6. I
On the pupil’s activity 2. True 2. I 7. I
B. 3. False 3. C 8. I
1. conduction 4. True 4. I 9. I
2. convection 5. False 5. I 10. C
3. radiation B. answers may vary.
Independent independent
Activity 3 assessment 3
• Answers may vary 1. Corpuscular theory 6. Fastest
2. Christian Huygens 7. Mechanical waves
3. electromagnetic spectrum 8. Hot – cold
4. interference 9. Convection
5. louder 10. Heat
What I have Learned What I can do Additional
A.* answers may vary * answers may vary activities
B. C. * answers may vary.
1. true 1. a
2. false 2. b
3. false 3. a
4. true 4. b
5. true 5. C
Assessment
conductor insulator B
Metal pan Plastic fork 1. A
Nickel Black board 2. B
Copper wire Vase 3. D
Stainless spoon Mug 4. C
Cloth 5. b
hanger
basin
Answer Key
 References

For Reference Format, Ctrl + Click to follow link.

Energy: heat, light, and sound
http://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/iconcolor.html
http://www.learner.org/teacherslab/science/light/color/shadows/index.ht
ml
http://www.howstuffworks.com/light.htm

A. Books
Cohen, M. (1992). Discover science. Metro Manila: Academe Publishing
House.

Heuvelen, A. (1986). Physics: a general introduction (2nd Edition). Sta.

Cruz, Manila: UNI-ED Inc

Padua, A. L. & Crisostomo, R. M. (1999). Science and technology IV:

Physics. Quezon City: S.D. Publications, Inc.

Santos, G. C. & Ocampo, J. P. (2003). Science and technology IV:

Physics. Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc

Elementary Science Teach Hands-On Science and Resource Book 6.

Sandy: Jordan School District, 1996

B. Electronic Sources

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Abutay, Lelani R., Dinah C. Bonao, Editha B. Crucis. Science 4 Learners
Material Quarter 3, Chapter 1 Effects of Force on Objects: First Edition,
Department of Education, 2015

Merriam-Websterʼs Word Central. http://www.wordcentral.com/. March 3,

2002

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
For inquiries or feedback, please write:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Department
Curriculum of Education,
Implementation Schools Division of Bulacan
Division
Curriculum
Learning Resource Implementation
Management Division System (LRMDS)
and Development
Learning Resource Management
Capitol Compound, and
Guinhawa St., Development
City of Malolos, System
Bulacan(LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: [email protected]
Email Address:[email protected]

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