Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering

Volume 2 Issue 3

NodeMCU based Fire Detector System

Jenil Dosani1*, Nikunj Makwana2, Archana Chaugule3
1,2,3
InformationTechnology, Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College, Mumbai, India

*Corresponding Author
E-mail Id:[email protected]

ABSTRACT
About 7% of all house fires start in a bedroom. It leads to damage of all plush objects and
also loss of life. To avoid that or to minimize the damage caused by fire outbreak an IOT
technology is used to control such a kind of risk. NodeMcu based IoT fire detector is the
solution for this kind of issue. In this model, we have fitted a fire indicator by making
practical and effective use of NodeMCU which is connected with a smoke sensor and buzzer.
The smoke sensor detects if there’s any smoke produced because of ingesting any type of gas
or fire. Buzzer interfaced with it makes an alert sound. A fire warning can also be activated
by a little smoke from the flame of burning candle or fire lamps or a burning cigarette which
may be used in any family. The buzzer gets stopped itself at whatever point the temperatures
falls to comfortable indoor temperature and the amount of smoke decreases. NodeMCU fire
finder serves best because at whatever point it indicates fire or smoke, then it immediately
alarms the admin or user about the fire through the Thingspeak module. At whatever point a
fire happens, the user gets the alert notification through smartphone.

Keywords:-IoT, NodeMCU, Smoke Sensor, ThingSpeak, Buzzer, Fire detection.

INTRODUCTION In this paper, it is explained that a quick

IOT stands for “Internet Of Things” which response for fire incidents is solved and
means to connect the physical objects or examined by using IoT based model. One
things to the digital world by fixing of the major problems that security must
various sensors, software connected to a deal with is the fire outbreak that can
central hub that measures the criterion and happen in everywhere including houses,
boundary of the real world as they keep schools, factories, offices and many other
varying and can make a database of the places. Fire is one of the big reasons of
readings or values gathered. Once the data fortuitous deaths in the world claiming
gets to the cloud, software processes it and valuable lives and expensive property.
then it decides to perform an action, such Hence, fire detector systems are essential
as sending an alert or transfer of data in alerting people in time before fire
without the need of the user. The Internet engulfs their homes. They help in
of Things refers to inter-connecting and detecting fire at an early stage so that
inter-relating objects, devices and people many lives and property can be saved.
through wireless network, it rose itself as
However, fire detector systems, today,
the New business technique in different
require a lot of wiring and labor to be
sectors.
installed. This thing intimidates the users
to place it in their homes. Hence, we have
IOT devices are used in our daily life to
planned to make an IoT based wireless fire
monitor and control the mechanical,
electrical and electronic systems used in detector system which is not very difficult
buildings and homes. to place. As, IOT now-onwards is
becoming very famous in the commercial

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 3

market its systems and components fire department and the nearby hospitals if
associated with it is becoming more any sudden appearance of fire has been
popular and that includes the (wireless occurred. By this we get to know about the
sensor network) which is used for security situation happening at the location clearly
purposes and in this case it is used for and before it gets very late, we tend to
protection against fire outbreak. Wireless avoid the consequences and damages in
sensor network here, does its job by some cases where the fire outburst is
monitoring the surrounding conditions and observed after a long time from its
has achieved a big amount of attention explosion. The proposed system includes
now-a-days and it is also very well easy and simple architecture with all basic
established. We have used a NodeMCU, and cost effective equipment in which the
for which we get an inbuilt Wi-Fi and for Wi-Fi is inbuilt in the NodeMCU only and
simulation we have used Arduino as the then it transfers data into the user’s mobile
NodeMCU was not available in the phone through ThingSpeak.
TinkerCad software for implementation.
REQUIRED COMPONENTS
A wireless sensor network is formed from  Arduino Uno board
proper spaced and positioned nodes  Embedded system: NodeMCU
provided with a sensing device to check  Smoke Sensor(MQ2)
and to measure attributes of the physical  Connecting wires
environment at different locations. Each of  Red LED
these nodes consists of a microcontroller  Power supply
(NodeMCU) connected to smoke detector  Buzzer
sensors that continuously sense the  4k-ohm Resistor
surrounding environment to detect the  Breadboard
presence of fire. These nodes generate
their own WiFi network. At the stage when Arduino Uno: The Arduino is a
fire is detected by this node, it sends a microcontroller-based open source
signal to a center node that is reminded to electronic prototyping board which can be
send the SMS to the fire-fighter office and programmed with an easy-to-use IOT
the user, and then it informs the user and Library Arduino IDE. Arduino consists of
alerts the house by processing a local both a physical programmable circuit
buzzer, when it is switched on. The buzzer board and a piece of software, or IDE. The
keeps going on till the degree of main components of Arduino UNO board
temperature is high. It stops buzzing on its are: 1. USB connector, 2. Power Port, 3.
own when the temperature falls to ordinary Microcontroller, 4. Analog input pins, 5.
value and smoke amount decreases. Digital pins, 6. Reset switch 7. Crystal
oscillator 8. USB interface chip, 9. Tx and
This system is very useful whenever the Rx LEDs. The board operates at a voltage
user is not in the proximity of the affected of 5 volts, but it can withstand till a
area. Sometimes it takes so much time for maximum voltage of 20 volts. The
the fire fighter officers to reach where fire microcontroller used on the UNO board is
outburst has taken place and start their Atmega328P by Atmel. It has 6 analog
work on eliminating the fire. Thus, this input pins, named as “Analog 0 to 5”. The
model and buzzer will contribute as an quartz oscillator ticks 16 million times a
early alarm system which will send an second. On each tick, the microcontroller
email confirmation to our mobile phones, performs one operation.

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 3

ethanol, smog and carbon monoxide. In the

market, this sensor is also available by the
name “chemiresistor”. The resistance of
the sensing material present in it keeps on
changing whenever it gets in touch with
any kind of gases. Its detection zone is
300-10000 ppmm. It operates at
temperature -20 to 50 degree C.

Fig.1:-Arduino UNO board

NodeMCU: The name "NodeMCU"

combines "node" and "MCU" (micro-
controller unit). It is a low-cost single-
board microcontroller based open source
IOT platform. It has a memory of
128kBytes and a storage of 4MB. It
initially included firmware which runs on
the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif
Systems, and hardware which was based Fig.3:-Smoke/Gas Sensor
on the ESP-12 module. The firmware uses
the Lua scripting language. The Cloud System: ThingSpeak is known as an
prototyping hardware typically used is a open IoT platform which contains
circuit board functioning as a dual in-line MATLAB analytics that provides us with
package (DIP) which integrates a USB the facilities to accumulate, view, and
controller with a smaller surface-mounted examine live data streams into the cloud.
board containing the MCU and antenna. It We can also send data to ThingSpeak from
also provides access to the GPIO (General our devices, where we can produce a quick
Purpose Input/Output). visualization of our live data, and can also
send warning notifications.

Fig.4:- ThingSpeak
Fig.2:-Wi-Fi based NodeMCU
HARDWARE DESIGN
Smoke Sensor (MQ2): MQ2 gas sensor is The block diagram of the paper is quite
an electronic sensor which is used for simple which has a few basic components
sensing and testing the presence of any but it is quite efficient in producing the
poisonous, inflammable or dangerous result as required.
gases in the air or surroundings such as
LPG, chlorine, methane, nitrogen dioxide,

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 3

Fig.5:-Block diagram of proposed system.

FLOWCHART
When smoke detector detects smoke in the room it sends
current smoke value to the NodeMCU.

If smoke value is more than the normal then it starts the

buzzer.

NodeMCU sends the collected data to the ThingSpeak

server.

ThingSpeak sends emergency message to the user’s

mobile phone and alerts him of the situation.

Fig.6:-Shows process steps of the system

PROPOSED SYSTEM

Fig.7:-Circuit Diagram of the system.

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 3

The above proposed system requires no to the user. Using this product will help
manpower as it is completely automated. these people as they will be informed
Arduino is used for controlling the whole quickly about the incident and also to the
process. LED is connected to analog pin1 nearest fire department will be notified in
and smoke sensor is connected to analog an effective way. It is low cost and
input pin0. A resistor is connected to installation is also easy.
sensor to calculate value. The smoke
sensor senses the data and if received The system can become more efficient and
values is above the threshold value the useful if a relay motor is set up with the
LED gets ON. If smoke is detected then camera for taking the picture of the
buzzer gets ON. The NodeMCU collects affected place in whatever angle the fire is
the readings from the sensor, and detected and to also keep an eye if any
differentiate them with the threshold value. unknown person is found at the scene. This
If the figures shown by the sensor is about system can also be outfitted with water
to reach the limit, the Arduino/NodeMCU sprinklers which will be valuable for
performs necessary actions. It thus sends controlling small amount of fires. It can
all the database to ThingSpeak via cloud also be improved by adding some more
system. It sends a warning SMS to the sensors. Thus, this model can be installed
user’s mobile phone to inform him about by single-family residences so they are
the situation, it can be also be used to send able to activate it from convenient
a notification to the fire stations and locations themselves, and it must alert
hospitals in case of any fire outbreak. The residents in all portions of the house. We
software used for writing programs is hope that this system helps to reduce loss
Arduino IDE an open source software that of life and property at a remarkable point.
can be embedded onto the board. In this
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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 2 Issue 3

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