4/25/22, 12:17 AM Personality Development

Personality Development
Site: myLPU e-Learning Portal Printed by: Roselyn Acbang
Professional Development and Applied Ethics - APR | AY 2122 Date: Monday, April 25, 2022, 12:16 AM
Course:
2nd Semester (Coquia, Rebecca)
Book: Personality Development

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Description

A.   
Personality Development

Personality:
It is the sum total of all-natural and acquired traits and qualities an
individual
possesses.

            It is the sum total of traits and

qualities that a person has as reflected in his/her
manner of talking,
dressing, ways he/she deals with others, feeling, temperament.
Interests,
his/her mental capacities, and attitude and beliefs.

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Table of contents

1. Personality and Personality Towards Work

1.1. Analyzing Strengths and Weaknesses of an Individual
1.2. Technique in Personality Development

2. Positive Social Image

3. Personal Grooming
3.1. Dress Code

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1. Personality and Personality Towards Work

Before we start this module, let us watch this video on Personality and Personality
Development.

1. WHAT IS PERSONALITY
Personality according to Harold C. Conklin.

      A fairy stable configuration, feeling, attitudes, ideas, and behavior that characterized the individual,
making him unique and different from others.

Personality according to Gordon William Allport

It is the collection of traits that determine the individual’s adjustment to his environment. Each
individual is made up of determining tendencies that play an active role in his behavior. Personality is
what lies behind the specific acts of a person.

 Personality according to Alfred Adler

Each individual has a unique configuration of motives, traits, values, and interest. Every act
performed by the person bears the stamp of his own distinctive style.

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What is Personality Development?

•      It is geared towards the development of an organized pattern of behavior and attitude that make
a person distinctive.

•      This course provides the students with the concepts and principles of personality development and
includes discussions on the dimensions of personality and ways of improving one’s personality to help
make the student become a world-class professional.

 What are the Reasons for Developing Personality

•      To gain self-awareness

•      To be socially accepted/ for social effectiveness

•      To improve/gain self-confidence

•      To keep ourselves on the job

 What are the Determinants of Personality

1.      Nature or Heredity

Biological factors such as age, sex, race, height, weight, and built as genes were transmitted by parents
to offspring. There are controversies as to whether intelligence and aptitude are also inherited.

 2.      Nurture or Environment

a.       Consists of a group of individuals, institutions, and surroundings with whom the person interacts
with from childhood to adulthood. From them, an individual may acquire sets of beliefs, ideas, values,
attitudes, and other social-cultural characteristics through the process of socialization.

  3.      Experiences

a. Openness to experience is a measure of depth, breadth, and variability in a person’s imagination and
urge for experience.
b. Relate to the intellect, openness to new ideas, cultural interest, educational aptitude, and creativity as
well as varied sensory and cognitive experiences.
c. HIGH OPENNESS – Broad interest, liberal mind and like a novelty
d. LOW OPENNESS – Conventional, conservative, prefer familiarity

 4.      Volition or Motivation

a. The freedom of choice and to make this choice to implicate change.

b. When we made up our mind, it is called eminent volition

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c. When we put forth any particular act of choice, it is called executive or imperative volition
d. When one imperative choice governs series of actions, it is called predominant volition

  

Personality Enrichment

            Steps in Personality Improvement

•      Realize that improvement is needed

•      Have a strong desire to improve

•      Make a checklist or inventory of weakness and strong points

•      Have a step by step plan for improvement

•      Put your plans into actions

 The JOHARI WINDOW

      The Johari Window was created by Joe Luft and Harry Ingham who were both researchers at The
University of California. They theorize that personality can be expressed as windows that offer a way of
looking into an individual's personality.

Let us further study Johari’s window by watching this video.  

                

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Source: https://cutt.ly/0gcIRxB

The Different Types of Personality Windows

1.      Open / Public Window

-          Things that are known to self and to others.

-          The self that we choose to reveal to others.

2.      Hidden Window

-          Contains things that others don’t know and this is kept to us.

3.      Blind Window

-          Things that others see in us and that the self is unaware of.

4.      Dark / Unknown Window

-          Things that nobody knows yet or the areas that are unexplored

Let us now discuss the following corporate theories on personality development.

Corporate Theories on Personality Development

What is personality?

For years psychologists have sought to come up with a common

objective concept. These were ineffective so far.

Broadly speaking, we can understand personality as the pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
which make each individual unique.
Simply put, it's all the features that make you who you are – your
attitude,
personality and nature.

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Some people claim that in fact, personality is innate or

hereditary, and therefore remains constant
throughout their lives. Some believe in a complex mechanism in which personality changes because of
external factors
such as our experiences in life, climate, and culture.

What Are Four Personality

Perspectives?

1. Psychoanalytic,
also called psychodynamic

2. Trait

3. Humanistic

4. Social cognition

1. Psychoanalytic, also called psychodynamic

Sigmund Freud claimed that personality consists

of 3 components. Then Id is the
strength of our impulses. He is responsible for
all our needs (nutrition, appreciation)
and desires (sexual impulse, hate,
lust, envy). According to Freud, the Id seeks our
needs instantly to be
fulfilled without any regard to logic or morality. It is impulsive,
demanding,  reckless, unreasonable, antisocial, selfish, and lust-oriented-our primary
instinct.

The superego, or conscience, reflects both

morality and social norms. It includes all the values individual
aims for and
makes us feel bad if we fall short of those expectations. The superego is
basically the ideal
norm-the person we want to be. Whereas the I d seeks
gratification, and the superego aims for
perfection, the ego works to balance
both. It operates on the basis of truth, mediating the conflicting
demands of
the Id and the superego, and choosing the most practical long-term solution

The Unconscious Mind and Psychoanalysis

Freud also emphasized the significance of

early childhood experiences to personality development. He
believed that the
study of past harms could unlock a person's future growth. The harms, believed
Freud,
were induced mainly during the childhood of the individual by parents. Freud's opinions do not meet with
full approval, and many critics have challenged
his work's scientific foundation. It remains, however, a
pillar of modern
psychoanalysis, where people fall back or go deeper into their unconscious
personality to
overcome the problems they face.

2.  Trait Theory of Personality

Openness, or open-mindedness, and how much

you enjoy trying new stuff.

Awareness, or how effective, organized, and

attentive you are.

Extroversion (which in personality

psychology is pronounced with a "a"), or how you
derive energy from
contact with others. Those who score low on extroversion
(introverts) get
motivation from inside. Individuals draw energy from the extroverts.
They seem
to be assertive, and they have the gab gift.

Compassion, or how amiable, patient and compassionate

you are.

Neuroticism refers to an emotional

disorder and the intensity of a person's negative emotions. People
with strong
neuroticism tendencies appear to be moody and nervous.

3. Humanistic Views on Personality

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Abraham Maslow is the principal leader of

the humanist movement. Maslow believed
that personality was not about biology
or diet but about personal preference. In
particular, he indicated that people
possess free will and are driven to do the things
that will help them fulfill
their full human potential. Maslow also built a hierarchy of
needs usually seen
as a pyramid. The pyramid's bottom tier is composed of the most
basic needs: food,
water, sleep, and shelter. Such desires are so critical that people act
before
doing something else to fulfill them. When those needs are met, people will
pass through the other pyramid steps, fulfilling the needs of stability,
belonging, and
self-esteem before they hit the final level: self-actualization.
Self-actualization is the process of rising and
evolving to achieve your true
potential. That's a central motivator in human actions, Maslow said.

The humanistic viewpoint emphasized the value

of using free will to be the best human being a person
could possibly be. To
assume that people are intrinsically good is distinct from the other theories.
People
are always looking for new ways to change, learn, and develop, the
humanists argue, and it is these
choices that decide our personality and
behavior.

4.  Social Cognition Theory

The theory of social cognition views

personality through the prism of our social
experiences, so our personality
traits interact with our environment to affect behavior
instead of evolving in
a black box. This provides a far deeper insight into the influence
other people
have on our personalities.  The founder
of the theory of social cognition
is a scholar called Albert Bandura. He
claimed that when people see someone take
advantage of a certain action, they
will mimic that action to receive a similar reward.
His successful experiment
saw a boy being punished for puncturing a doll with a knife. When the video
was
shown to other children, they behaved in a similarly violent manner to receive
a reward.

Social Theory and Reciprocal Determinism

The theory of social cognition has much

popularity in public health circles where it is used to describe
how previous
interactions in the present can establish and reinforce actions. For example, a
child growing
up in an abusive home can themselves model bullying and violent behavior.
This child can also anticipate
more violence because that is all he has
learned. Bandura named this the reciprocal determinism concept
– the theory
that characteristics, environment, and behavior all interact and affect one
another.

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1.1. Analyzing Strengths and Weaknesses of an Individual

Defined personal strengths

Positive psychology has made one of the main contributions to helping people analyze, evaluate, and
recognize their core strengths and use them to live a productive life (Boniwell, 2006).

Personal strengths within positive psychology are described as our built-in capacity for ways of thinking,
feeling, and acting (Linley, 2008). We also have distinct qualities of character which are associated with the
six principles of positive thinking theory (Seligman, 2002):

   Source: https://cutt.ly/CglxZ08

1.     Wisdom

Creativity
Curiosity
Love of learning
Open-mindedness
Perspectives

2.     Courage

Authenticity
Bravery
Persistence
Zest

3.     Humanity

Kindness
Love
Social intelligence

4.     Justice

Fairness
Leadership
Teamwork

5.     Temperance

Forgiveness
Modesty/Humility
Prudence
Self-regulation

6.     Transcendence

Appreciation of beauty and excellence

Gratitude
Hope
Humor

5.     Religiousness/Spirituality

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Peterson and Seligman (2004) have been researching what personal strengths could look like for three
years and have come up with the list of 24 core strengths above. They called them Character Attributes
and concluded:

• Those 24 qualities are visible in human history and worldwide cultures.

• Each of the 24 attributes occurs to varying degrees in each of us.

 Positive psychology allows us to understand that in some ways we may be better and weaker in others,
and that's cool, that's what makes us all special. The aim is to recognize your strength pattern so you can
tap into them to lead a fuller life.

Identified Personal Weaknesses

One of the other Positive Psychology aims is to reconcile our perceptions of strengths and weaknesses.
Traditionally, positive psychology believed other fields of psychology had put so much focus on pain,
trauma, and negative feelings and perceptions and tried to change this (Seligman, 2002).

Having that in mind, a weakness in positive psychology is perceived to be one of the 24 Character
Strengths of which you are weaker than, of fact, a full force deficiency. Peterson and Seligman (2004)
agree that each of us carries all the Character Strengths within us and knowing how each fit within our
personal capacity enables us to react and behave more positively.

Positive psychology does not see weaknesses as an 'unfixable' field and we can work through different
positive psychology strategies and resources to improve some of our lower character qualities if we so
wish.

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1.2. Technique in Personality Development

Building self-esteem
and confidence:

 It's hard to achieve self-esteem and plenty of us don't have

it. Lack of confidence can result from things like fear of failure, being
confused about what you believe or feeling like you're not good enough at
anything. Both these are things people face every day. In
fact, it is estimated
that about 85 per cent of the world 's population is struggling with low
self-esteem.

But how can someone else believe in you when you doubt
yourself?

Not being self-confident emerges out of self-limitations,

anxiety and self-doubt. Changing your mental
attitude and increasing your
self-esteem is the best way to solve these problems. Below are some realistic
mental tricks on how to be more self-confident:

1.   
Overcome
Your Self-Limiting Beliefs to Build Self Esteem

        The first step to building trust is to push those self-limiting beliefs past. To find your limits
expose yourself to uncomfortable situations. Once you become accustomed to such circumstances,
you will see that your boundaries are self-imposed and that there is no limit to what you can achieve.

2.   
To Boost
Confidence, Accept Your Memories Are Not Always Accurate

       Recognize that your memory isn't always right to start building trust, and revisit self-limiting
memories to get a correct perspective. For example, it may be a lie that you tell yourself about
performance, or a mistaken impression about how people see you.

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3.   
Practice
Positive Self-Talk to Improve Your Self-Image

          On average, we say up to 1000 words to ourselves per minute. While this can sound ridiculous
at first, it is very important to speak to yourself. This helps enhance memory, reduce stress, develop
respect for oneself and raise positive self-esteem. However, those benefits rely on how you speak
about yourself. This can also affect your neurobiological responses by improving your self-perception
by speaking kindly about yourself. See problems as obstacles to solve.

4.   
Beat
Negative Bias with a Positive Mindset and Self Confidence

      Just search for the positive things during difficult times like a rough day at work to counter
negative bias. Note that while good things quickly disappear, the negative ones seem to stick for
longer. Fight negativity with these ideas, and be confident:

Coming up with at least five positive ones for every negative one to combat it.

-       Let each optimistic thought remain for a while — about 20 seconds — before continuing to the
next.

-        Recognize your emotions, whether positive or negative.

-       Do not neglect or hide the negative feelings, even though it is easier than confronting them.

-       Recognize the negative feeling and then move on with what it really is. So much internalization
of a negative thought or feeling just gives it more control over you.

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5.   
Work
on Self-Doubt to Improve Self Confident Attitude

       Low self-esteem leads to self-doubt and the feeling of a victim mentality that your life is at the
hands of all else except you. Self-doubt is a very common hindrance to both personal and
professional success. Perhaps you're afraid to apply for a promotion because you don't believe you 're
good enough. Yet no one prevents you from achieving in all that you do except yourself. So, analyze
the ways you doubt yourself, and knock down those walls. Of example, whether it's an interview you
're anxious about only polishing up on the correct body language and etiquette and you're going to
make a better impression.

6.   
Conquer
Your Fears to Boost Your Confidence

      Fear comes mainly from not overseeing anything. You get nervous when you do not feel like
you're in control. Yet when you have a command-level over something, the anxiety goes away. Mostly
fear is motivated by impulses, not critical thought. Denial or denial doesn't help to solve it; you must
get closer to it instead.  Consider the worst fear, and spend some time worrying about it. Take a step
further and consider what the worst-case scenario could come of it. Ultimately, you should know it's
not always as bad as it sounds, and you'll be on your way to conquering your fears.

7.   
To
Become Self Confident, Be More Curious

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     Curiosity is a must-have quality of someone who wants to be successful and self-confident. Being
curious means being observant of the world around you, able to know and opening yourself to new
experiences. A curious person, in his profession and personal life, can attain life-long development
and growth. So, ask questions and keep your mind engaged whenever possible. 

Not only can you consider new possibilities, but you'll also feel more positive in yourself.

Building self-esteem and being positive is a phase, not a point you can come up with in a single
move. With these tips, start building your confidence little by little today and you'll soon achieve your
goals.

WORKING ON ATTITUDE

Individuals get to work with a variety of

variations. We have a range of attitudes, beliefs and
characteristics. A stable
or dynamic feature influence how they behave and function as they join
organizations. In addition, businesses recruit people known to have other
experience, talents, abilities,
attitudes and beliefs.

Values

Values refer to consistent expectations in people's

lives, which represent what is most important to them.
Throughout one's life,
values are formed through the accumulation of life experiences, and values
appear
to be constant. 

The values a person holds will affect his or her

work. Of example, someone who highly values excitement
can search of jobs that
require quick action and high risk, such as firefighters, police officers or
emergency
medicine. Someone who highly values achievement can become an
entrepreneur or an intrapreneur. And
a person who values benevolence and
universalism may be finding work with a charitable organization or
a
"helping career," such as nursing or social work, in the voluntary
sector. Attributes have consequences
for managing behaviors like personality,
such as assigning assignments to jobs or establishing the chain
of command; The
principles of workers are likely to influence how staff react to changes their
employment.

An individual is more likely to accept a job offer

when the employer has the values, he or she cares about
in terms of work
behaviors. The principles of a firm are often represented in the mission and
vision
statements of the organization, an aspect of the role of Planning.

References

-      
Personal Grooming from Nexus Academics
Training Centre Pte. Ltd., Singapore.

-      
Personality Development by Raniela Santos from
OLP, Academia.edu.

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-         
Personality Development by Lightbulbskills.com.

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2. Positive Social Image

What does self-image mean?

Self-image is the personal, or mental, view we have

of ourselves. Self-image is a "internal dictionary" that
describes
the self 's characteristics, including things such as intelligent, beautiful,
ugly, talented, selfish
and kind. Such features, as we see them, form a
composite reflection of our assets (forces) and liabilities
(weaknesses).

How does self-image take shape?

     Self-image is a Learning product. Influences of early childhood, such as parents and careers, have a
significant impact on our perception of ourselves. They are mirrors which reflect an image of ourselves
back to us. The encounters with other people, including teachers, friends and relatives, contribute to
the mirror image. Relationships reinforce what we think about ourselves and believe for ourselves.

    In the mirror the picture we see can be a true or distorted perception of who we really are. We are
developing either a positive or a negative self-image based on that view. We've taken on the
strengths and limitations that influence how we behave today. In several areas, we constantly take in
information and evaluate ourselves, such as physical appearance (How do I look?), performance (How
am I doing?), and relationships (How important am I?).

We identify and own our strengths and potentials

with a good self-image, while remaining honest about our liabilities and
limitations. We concentrate on our shortcomings and weaknesses with a negative
self-image, distorting the loss and imperfections.

 Self-image is important because it influences how

we think about ourselves and how we communicate with others and the world
around us. A good self-image will improve our well-being physically, mentally,
socially, emotionally and spiritually.

Why do we create a good self-image?

Not permanently fixing the self-image. A complex

and growing part of our self-image. We will learn to
develop a healthier and
more accurate view of ourselves, thereby questioning the mirror distortions.
Change of self-image happens over a lifetime. A positive self-image starts with
learning to embrace we
and love one another.

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Specific steps to develop a positive self-image

Take a self-image inventory.

Make a list of your positive qualities.
Ask significant others to describe your positive qualities.
Define personal goals and objectives that are reasonable and measurable.
Confront thinking distortions.
Identify and explore the impact of childhood labels.
Refrain from comparing yourself to others.
Develop your strengths.
Learn to love yourself.
Give positive affirmations.
Remember that you are unique.
Remember how far you have come.

What is a Corporeal Image? 

Body image is a part of an

image of oneself. Our body image encompasses more than just what we feel
like
or how we are seen by others. It also applies to how we perceive, feel and respond
to our own
physical attribute’s perception of our own.

Cultural representations and the impact of

relatives, peers and others affect the creation of the body
image. A healthy
body image tends to enhance psychological change (less depression, higher self-worth,
life satisfaction, less interpersonal anxiety, fewer eating disorders).
Distortions lead to a distorted body
image in our thought.

How do we improve our body image?

There is no fixed body image. Our body experiences

change as we grow older, and each stage of our life
is associated with markers
for the body image. Maintaining a healthy view of the body is a cycle lasting
for life.

Changing our body image negatively means more than

changing our body. It's about changing the way
we think, feel and react to our
bodies.

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Specific steps to
enhance body image:

Explore your personal body image with its strengths and limitations.
Confront thinking distortions related to your body.
Challenge misleading assumptions about body appearance.
Accept and love who you are.
Be comfortable with your body.
Have positive experiences with your body.
Be a friend to your body with positive affirmations.

References

-      
Personal Grooming from Nexus Academics
Training Centre Pte. Ltd., Singapore.

-      
Personality Development by Raniela Santos from
OLP, Academia.edu.

-         
Personality Development by Lightbulbskills.com.

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3. Personal Grooming

Personality Grooming

Personal grooming has become essential in our daily life. A well-groomed individual stands out amongst
the crowd. Acquire the basic skills to care for your skin and learn makeup tips to enhance your personal
appearance. Make a positive impact on your social engagements through proper personal grooming
skills.

Personal grooming is very important especially when it comes to the first impression. It creates a
tremendous impact when you meet someone for the first time they will make their minds up about you
based upon:

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                     When we talk of Personal grooming, we should also look upon the totality of ourselves, the way we talk, the way we
walk, the way we sit, and the many aspects of our personality. Let us watch this video and learn how to handle our personal
grooming, makeover, and personal hygiene.

Reflection:

      Upon watching the video, where there some

changes that you need to look upon in your personality and personal
hygiene? How will you go about your makeover?

Source: https://cutt.ly/vgcOEUv
 

Deportment basic is one of the most important areas of leaving a good impression. It is how you carry
yourself, developing an upright positive posture when meeting people. It also a lot about the kind of
person you are, the types of habits you have and it shows if you are interested in what you are doing.

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Posture Check List 

a) Keep your head high

b) Make sure your head is squarely on your shoulders

c) Keep your head as far as possible from your shoulders

d) Stretch your neck

e) A pull behind your ears

f) Hold your chest up in a relaxed manner

g) Make sure your tummy is up

h) Relax your knees and flex straight ahead

i) Relax your feet straight ahead

j) Always maintain a streamlined look

k) Never show the bulk of your figure

l) Be natural and be yourself

What type of Posture you have?

Upon looking at the different postures at the images below, what would you do to change your bad posture, if
there is any? 

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3.1. Dress Code

Proper grooming and professional appearance are important to gain not just a positive impression but
also respect in the workplace. First impressions matter and the way employees look and carry themselves
create impact with customers, and potential clients. Proper grooming and professional appearance are important to
both men and women. Lack of these may lead to poor image and can interfere with the company brand and reputation.

One of the grooming that professionals should look at is the dress codes which are used to communicate to employees what the
organization considers appropriate work attire. A dress code or appearance policy allows an employer to set expectations regarding
the image it wants the company to convey. Dress codes can be formal or informal and might include the use of uniforms.

Some of the important aspect of good grooming for the right dress and wardrobe management are as
follows:

· Appropriate Dress Code

· How To Dress For Success

· Fashion Sense For Ladies

· Evaluate Your Lifestyle

· Start Basic Clothes and Keep It Simple

· How To Wear Your Uniform With Grace, Dignity & Success

A Social Dress Codes for Men

When we hear the phrase “dress code” we're most likely to associate it with workplace rules.

Lots of jobs still have written guidelines for employee attire – with varying degrees of strictness.

Much rarer are dress codes for social events.

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These written requests for attendee attire are usually only one or two words long, printed on an invitation
and meant to be understood by all guests.

Unfortunately – universal understanding of social dress codes is going the way of cursive handwriting.

It has an old-fashioned appeal to some people but most of us don't bother with it anymore.

So if you've been invited to an event with a dress code – or you're planning an event and you want to
request a specific sort of attire from your guests – look no further!

A Social Dress Codes for Women

Women on the other hand are also required to have their own dress codes for most occasions. Please watch this
video.

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References

-       Personal Grooming from Nexus Academics Training Centre Pte. Ltd., Singapore.

-       Personality Development by Raniela Santos from OLP, Academia.edu.

-       Personality Development by Lightbulbskills.com.                                                                                   

                                                                                                                                  -       Dress codes for
men https://www.youtube.com/hQGibb8iv-E&feature=youtu.be&list=PLbAUemeg-KydPx3c9VjYM7ZTrVgShfIsl ;                                  
                               -      https://www.cleverism.com/dress-codes-what-to-wear/

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