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Day 2

SQL commands allow users to interact with databases. To connect to an Oracle database, users must first be created by a DBA. The DBA can then grant privileges to users to allow access. SQL*Plus is the default client tool used to connect to Oracle databases and submit SQL queries. Key commands allow users to be created and deleted, and to connect as different users. SQL includes several sublanguages for different tasks like data definition, manipulation, queries, and access control.

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Khansex Shaik
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66 views5 pages

Day 2

SQL commands allow users to interact with databases. To connect to an Oracle database, users must first be created by a DBA. The DBA can then grant privileges to users to allow access. SQL*Plus is the default client tool used to connect to Oracle databases and submit SQL queries. Key commands allow users to be created and deleted, and to connect as different users. SQL includes several sublanguages for different tasks like data definition, manipulation, queries, and access control.

Uploaded by

Khansex Shaik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topics:

SQL and Its commands


How to create User Accounts
How to connect / logon Database

SQL ( Structured query language )


----------------------------------
Def:
It is a collection of pre defined commands, Operators, concepts,
clauses, objects and Built in functions.

It is the own language of any data base.


It is used to communicate with any database.
By using this language we can write english like statements,
called QUERIES.
We will write these queries in any client tool and execute them,
then we will get result from database.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
CLIENT TOOLS:
*************

SQL*PLUS:-
**********
SQL * PLUS is a default client tool and acts as an interface between client user
and database.

request processed on
Developer----------> SQL * PLUS----------------> DB
Query |
output |
<------------------------V

-->Sql * plus is a client tool to interact with ORACLE DB /any DB


-->Sql * plus is to be installed in to the system whenever we have installed
the db software.
-->Client [ Technical ] request is submitted in the form of "Queries".
-->Queries are executed by SQL STMT EXECUTOR ( Under Oracle Db Engine )
-->Queries are executed against database and output will be displayed on
the sql * plus window.

Features of Queries under sql * plus:


*************************************
--At a time only one query is allowed to execute.
--sql queries are not case sensitive.
--Each query is terminated with ;
--SQL commands are ANSI standard
( American National standard institute ).
So SQL commands are universally accepted by any RDBMS.

---- How to open SQL * PLUS?


---- In oracle 11g Enterprise Edition
START--->PROGRAMS---> ORACLE_ORAHOME11g--->APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT--->
--->SQLPLUS

In sql * plus window we should enter username and password

---- In Oracle 12c


START-->PROGRAMS-->ORACLE-->APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT-->SQLPLUS

---Other Client tools:


These tools are GUI tools.
SQL DEVELOPER
PLSQL DEVELOPER
TOAD
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

LOG ON PROCEDURE:

HOW TO CREATE USER ACCOUNT IN ORACLE-12c ?


DBA Will create user account

NAVIGATION to open sql * plus:

START
|
V
Programs
|
V
select Oracle Folder
|
V
application development
|
V
Select SQL PLUS

It will open sql * plus window

Enter username and password of DBA.

1) In this window submit


username:------- ( system )
password:------- ( manager123 )

sql>

Note:

1) TO DISPLAY CURRENT USERNAME?

SHOW USER;

system

2) TO DISPLAY CURRENT DATA BASE NAME?


SHOW CON_NAME;

CDB$ROOT ( default container name in oracle 12c)

3) Switch in to PLUGGABLE DATABASE

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER=PDBORCL;

4) show con_name;
PDBORCL

5) Creating user account under PDBORCL?

CREATE USER <username> IDENTIFIED BY <password>


QUOTA <size> M ON USERS;

Ex:
CREATE USER DINESH IDENTIFIED BY WELCOME
QUOTA 100M ON USERS;

user created.

6) Granting resources to the user DINESH?

GRANT RESOURCE,CONNECT TO DINESH;

grant succeeded.

7) connecting to database ( PDBORCL ) as DINESH?

SQL> CONN DINESH/WELCOME@PDBORCL;

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATING USER ACCOUNT UNDER Oracle 11g
***************************************
Open sql * plus

1) connect as DBA?

username: system
password: manager

2) creating user account?

CREATE USER DINESH IDENTIFIED BY WELCOME;

3) Granting resources to DINESH?

GRANT RESOURCE,CONNECT TO DINESH;

4) connect as dinesh?

CONN DINESH/WELCOME (enter )

HOW TO DELETE USER ACCOUNT?

a) connect as DBA
b) DROP USER DINESH cascade;
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

SQL COMMANDS
------------
SQL is divided into 5 types of Sub Languages based on nature of commands.

Sub Languages
-------------
DDL
DML
DCL
TCL
DQL/DRL

1) DDL ( data definition language ) commands:

Used to create or change or delete any data base objects

CREATE ALTER DROP


TRUNCATE RENAME

2) DML ( data manipulation language )COMMANDS

Used to enter new data/ changing old data / deleting the data
from table.

INSERT UPDATE DELETE

3) DRL/DQL ( data retreival/Query language) Command

SELECT ( logical command )

4) DCL ( DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE ) COMMANDS

Used to control the access of data base objects .


These commands are used by DBA ( database administrator )

GRANT REVOKE

5) TCL ( TRANSACTION CONTROL LANGUAGE )COMMANDS

Used to save or cancel the actions made on table data.

COMMIT ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----Questions:
What is multitenancy?
What is a pluggable database?
Advantages of oracle 12c
What are the types of RDBMS?

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