OBJECTIVE To assemble a household circuit, comprising three bulbs, three (onloff) switches, @ fuse and a power source. APPARATUS AND MATERIAL Apparatus. No apparatus required in assembling a circuit. Material. Three bulbs (6 V, 1 W) each, fuse of 0.6 A, main switch a power supply (battery eliminator), three (on/off) switches flexible connecting wire with red and black plastic covering, a fuse wire. Supplementary. Main electric board with a two-pin socket and main switch. DIAGRAM (Fig. 11.04) "Qs Qe & O—@-+0 Ban Sy Qe ae ee O—*@—*+0/ ®aaac) AC. ammeter (® Ms. i 246 Power | 0246, 4, source! ‘Source of supply ea Oto10V Fuse (0 to 0.75 A) (6) (a) Fig. 11.04. (a) Circuit diagram, (b) Actual layout. THEORY . Electricity supplied to us for domestic purposes is 220 V A.C. and 50 Hz. The household Greuit, all appliances are connected in “parallel” with mains. The switches are connected i in series with each appliances in live wire. 5 A switches are required for normal appliances = bulbs, fluorescent tubes fans ete. 15 A sockets and switches are required for heavy load appliances like, refrigerator, air conditioner, geyser, hot plates etc. All appliances must have three called live, neutral and the earth. Total power consumption ‘P’ at a time ‘Scanned with CamScannerP =P, +P, t Py + where P,, P,, P, are the powers drawn by appliances. To protect the appliances from damage when unduly high currents are drawn fuse of ittle higher rating, 10 to.20% higher than the current normally drawn by all appliances. For urther safety, a suitable value MAINS FUSE like rating 32 A is connected in series with supply source. >-ROCEDURE 1. Connect the bulbs B,, B, and B, in series with switches S,, S, and S, respectively and connect each set of B-S in parallel with each other (Fig. 11.04). 2, Connect main supply to a step-down transformer (battery eliminator) to get required voltage from 0 to 10 V (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 V). 8. Connect the mains fuse M.S. in series.with the power supply (battery eliminator). 4, Connect an A.C. ammeter in series with the B-S set. 5. Connect one end of power supply to one end of B-S set. 6. Check the circuit one again to ensure that household circuit is complete. 7. Gradually increase the current to 0.75 A, the fuse must burn off at about 0.6 A- ‘Scanned with CamScannerOBJECTIVE To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit (Say Ohm’s law circuit). APPARATUS AND MATERIAL Apparatus. A voltmeter and an ammeter of appropriate range, a battery, a rheostat, one way key. Material. An unknown resistance or resistance coil, connecting wires, a piece of sand paper. PROCEDURE 1. Connect the components (Resistors, inductors etc.) in series with each other as shown in Fig. 11.05 and then in series with the battery. 7 {4 = i 2. Connect the ammeter in series with the | ” Ry circuit, to measure the current. * 3. Connect the voltmeter in parallel to the resis- ® Ae tor, to measure the potential difference. - R 4, Connect the switch in series with the bat- tery. . 7 5. Assembly of the electrical components in Ce electric circuit is complete. Vv Connect the items as shown in Fig. 11.05. Fig. 11.05. ‘Scanned with CamScanneeEAT ETT UTILITY It is used for measuring an unknown resistance (see Experiment 1). ‘Scanned with CamScannerOBJECTIVE To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram. APPARATUS AND MATERIAL A battery eliminator or a battery (0 to 6 V), rheostat, resistance box (0 to 100 9), two or one way key. D.C. ammeter (0-3) A and a D.C. voltmeter (0-3) V. THEORY An open circuit is the combination of primary components of electric circuit in a such a manner that on closing the circuit no current is drawn from the battery. ‘Scanned with CamScanner— sg Battery HH Rheostat = Unknown resistance R wire Cot Fig, 11.08. DIAGRAM (Fig. 11.08A) Resistance coil Voltmeter Ammeter Fig. 11.084, Open circuit diagram (Components not connected in proper order). It is give” above in Fig. 11.08A. PROCEDURE Ammeter. It should be connected in series, with the battery eliminator. Voltmeter. It should be connected in parallel to the resistor. Rheostat. It should be connected in series (in place of resistance coil) with the batter! eliminator. Resistance coil. It should be connected in Parallel (in place of rheostat). One way key. It should be connected in series to the battery eliminator. Correct circuit diagram (Components connected in proper order) ‘Scanned with CamScanner