Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

IoT based ECG Monitoring System

Gayatree Deepak Sharma Pratyansh Sahu Kanika Lamba
Student B. Tech, Electrical Engineering Student Student B. Tech, Electrical Engineering, Assistant Professor
B.Tech, Electrical Engineering BBDITM, Lucknow, India BBDITM, Lucknow, India Electrical Engineering
BBDITM, Lucknow, India Department BBDITM, Lucknow, India

Abstract:- In the recent human health care scenario, the European Union. [3].Continuous heart rate monitoring and
majority of people are battling from arrhythmia, which immediate heartbeat detection are important priorities in
is a sort of cardiovascular ailment that develops when a today's healthcare. As a result, monitoring physiological
person's heart rate is irregular or unstable. Health signals like electrocardiogram (ECG) signals provides a new
monitoring and the numerous technologies that go with holistic paradigm for assessing CVDs and aiding disease
it are a viable research topic. The number of ECG control and prevention. Sensor technology, communication
monitoring systems available in the literature is rapidly infrastructure, data processing, modelling, and analytics
growing. As a result, it's difficult for researchers and algorithms have advanced to the point where the risk of
healthcare professionals to select, compare, and assess impairments can be better addressed than ever before. As a
systems that meet their demands while also meeting result, a new era of smart, proactive healthcare would
monitoring criteria. We propose a taxonomy for ECG emerge, especially given the significant obstacle of limited
monitoring systems and conduct a systematic review of medical resources. By 2020, the Internet of Things (IoT)
the literature in this work.It also provides evidence- will have grown to the point where it will be possible to
based support for deeply recognising ECG monitoring converse about a billion connected gadgets over the internet.
systems components, features, and obstacles in A cloud-based mobile ECG monitoring service was
diagnosing various health conditions. Electrocardiogram demonstrated. These can detect ECG signals using a sensor
signal should be continuously monitored regardless of and communicate them to a screen using wireless
location bounded to the subject and the appropriate transmission systems like Bluetooth, Low - power wireless,
physician. In this study, a wireless ECG monitoring and Wi-Fi. An ECG monitoring device that can be worn on
system based on the AD8232 signal conditioning module the body and delivers data directly to the IoT cloud through
was proposed for real-time signal collecting. The AD8232 Wi-Fi without the use of a mobile terminal is available.
ECG Sensor will be connected to the ESP32. Then, by When compared to Bluetooth or Zigbee, Wi-Fi can deliver
connecting ECG leads to the chest or hand, we'll obtain faster data speeds and wider coverage areas. A web-based
an ECG signal. We'll transfer the ECG graph to the graphical user interface is built to make it simple for doctors
cloud using MQTT Broker utilising Ubidots parameters and patients to access data services supplied by the IoT
like API Key or Token. Additionally, we highlight the cloud utilising smart phones running on various OS systems.
necessity of smart monitoring systems that control There are several works in electrocardiogram monitoring
emerging technologies such as deep learning, artificial based IoT. In [12]The framework was created using Arduino
intelligence (AI), Big Data, and the Internet of Things and GSM module for a home alone elderly patient to
(IoT) in order to deliver efficient, cost-aware, and determine if there are any heart troubles or if the patient's
completely linked monitoring systems. condition has fallen. The framework delivers data to the
specialist by cell phone SMS, and it was created using
Keywords:- Health care, Cardiovascular, ECG, IoT. Arduino and GSM module. The framework sends an alert to
designated expected individuals or a medical centre if the
I. INTRODUCTION Echocardiography and body vibration signals are out of the
In every country in the world, the number of deaths ordinary. In [13]Their method makes use of a Raspberry Pi
caused by chronic and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has as a microcontroller and the cloud as a medium for
increased over the last decade. CVDs are ailments that affect transferring ECG data to a viewing system. This system still
the heart and blood vessels. Vascular illnesses, such as has flaws, such as the requirement for a good internet
coronary artery disease, are CVDs that affect the blood connection so that doctors may access it at any time. [14]
vessels. Heart failure, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart presented a system that can send messages to users and
disorders, stroke, heart attack, and arrhythmias are among doctors if a deformity is discovered following an ECG
conditions that affect the heart. CVDs are the leading cause analysis. The ECG sensor network, IoT cloud, and GUI are
of death worldwide, according to the World Health the three components of this system. Raspberry Pi Model 2,
Organization (WHO), with 17.9 million deaths per year. [1]. Arduino Uno, and ECG AD8232 Sensor make up the ECG
It is still the leading cause of mortality in the United States, sensing network. To connect to Wi-Fi, a Raspberry Pi is
killing over 840,000 people in 2016.[2].Moreover, according utilised as a minicomputer. The data ECG from the AD8232
to the 2017 edition of the European Health Network was processed using an Arduino Uno. The ECG signal can
European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics, CVDs cause 3.9 then be viewed on a mobile or web device. This process
million fatalities in Europe and over 1.8 million people die simply increases overall cost.
in the European Union (EU) per year. This accounts for 45%
of all deaths in Europe and 37% of all deaths in the

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
condition. Simultaneously, the buzzer and LED sound an
II. PROPOSED WORK FOR THE IoT BASED ECG alarm to alert the caretaker to the patient's status.
MONITORING SYSTEM
The ECG sensor utilised is a low-cost circuit that
We suggested a system that comprises of an ECG measures the heart's electrical activity. This electrical
sensor that measures an ECG signal from the patient using activity of the heart is recorded as an ECG
electrodes linked to the ECG board through normal (Electrocardiogram) and shown as an analogue readout.
electrode wires. The data was transferred to the ESP32 Because the ECG signal we obtained was noisy, we used an
controller, which processed it before sending it to the IoT Op-amp, the AD8232, to quickly obtain a clean signal from
Cloud Platform. The data was then transmitted through the PR, QT, and ST intervals. The AD8232 is utilised to
WIFI to the user's phone. measure additional bio-potential measuring signals as well
as signal conditioning for ECG. In the presence of noise, it
We'll need an IoT platform to publish the data to the is meant to magnify the bio-potential signal.
IoT Cloud. So Ubidots is however one platform that
provides a platform for programmers to capture sensor data There are nine connecting pins and wires on the
and transform it into usable information. The Ubidots AD8232 Op-amp. Other connectors include LO+, LO-,
platform allows any Internet-enabled device to submit data OUTPUT, 3.3V, and GND, which are required to use the
to the cloud, which transforms sensor data into information Op-Amp with an Arduino. This board also includes three
that is useful for corporate decisions, machine-to-machine lead electrodes: RA (Right Arm), LA (Left Arm), and RL
interactions, and educational research, resulting in increased (Right Leg) (Right Leg). The electrodes are put at a specific
global resource economization. It allows us to incorporate spot on the body to get an ECG signal since the required
the power of the Internet of Things into our study in a cardiac frequency can only be obtained at that location. The
simple and cost-effective manner. Its promising application AD8232 ECG Sensor is connected to the ESP32
platform will offer interactive, real-time data development kit. The AD8232 is powered by the ESP32
visualisation.[16], The proposed work's functioning module, which provides 3.3V. The AD8232's output pin will
principle is depicted in (Figure1). The AD8232ECG sensor be an analog signal. The VP pin of the ESP32 is then linked
is attached to the ESP32 controller. All of the remaining to this pin. Similarly, the AD8232's LO and LO+ are wired
components, as well as the electrodes, are arranged in an to ESP32's pins D3 and D2, respectively.
assembly box The voltage regulator is provided a 12v
switched mode power supply (SMPS) because it will only III. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
provide the required voltage to the ESP32 controller.
The integration of a human heartbeat rate monitoring
system using a heart vibration sensor and IoT-based
technologies are presented in this study. This sensor detects
and records the human heartbeat. The ESP32 controller
processes the read data before sending it to the Wi-Fi
module for uploading to the Ubidots internet server platform
for additional analysis and visualisation. When data is
captured, it is processed and saved in real time, with a date
and time tag. The input units in the proposed work are the
ECG sensor unit, the power supply unit, and the user
interface unit. The output unit is the Wi-Fi Module unit. The
signals are monitored and controlled by the ESP32
controller unit. The integrated C programming language is
used to programme the system. The heartbeat will be
detected by the ECG sensor. The sensor's sensed data is sent
Fig. 1: Circuit\Block Diagram
to an analogue to digital converter (ADC), which converts it
The ESP32 controller will operate at a voltage of 3.3v. to a digital signal. After that, the generated digital signal is
The ESP32 controller will run on a 3.3v power supply. The sent to the ESP32 controller. The ESP32 controller reacts to
electrodes are put on the patient's chest, and the patient's the signal based on instructions written in the embedded C
heart beats are obtained in analogue form[16]. As a result, programming language [17]. The data is also delivered in
the AD8232 ECG sensor is used to transform the data into real - time basis to the Wi-Fi module and then to the
digital form for efficient transmission. The collected digital webserver (Ubidots) for more analytics and visualisation. To
data is then provided to the ESP32 controller, which show the condition of the human heartbeat rate, the analysed
responds on the signal based on embedded C language data is updated continuously in real-time..It also includes a
instructions. The signals are then connected to Ubidots, an buzzer and an LED that will activate if the cardiac condition
IoT platform, which displays the ECG signal. It analyses the becomes unstable.
ECG data to determine any heart issues.. If the heartbeat rate
The central control unit of the system is Arduino. On
exceeds a particular threshold (abnormal condition), the
the input side, there's also a pulse sensor, an ECG sensor,
Ubidots platform sends an SMS message to the doctor or
and numerous manual buttons. The output is displayed on
opens the Ubidots platform, alerting him to the patient's
the Arduino com port. The Wi-Fi Module allows data to be

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
uploaded to the cloud, and once there, the results may be disorders, such as electrolyte imbalance or drug toxicity,
accessed by logging into the server with a computer or can be diagnosed by analysing the form and duration of
smartphone. the QRS complex..
IV. EXPERIMENTAL CONFIGURATION
V. KEY CHALLENGES OF ECG MONITORING
Traditional 12-lead devices, which can record accurate SYSTEM
ECG signals for experts, are frequently used in medical
institutes. Too many electrodes, on the other hand, may ECG monitoring systems, as detailed in this paper, are
compromise the system's portability and the patient's made up of a variety of components, frameworks, and
comfort. A three-lead arrangement, according to study[18], technologies. The variety and heterogeneity of ECG sensor
is adequate to describe the key aspects of the ECG signal. based architectures creates a number of issues, as various
The electrodes must be arranged in a triangle around the academics have pointed out. There are a variety of obstacles
heart in order to best collect the ECG data. Figure 1 depicts that can be encountered, including the following:
the 3-lead placement used in our system. For the goal of  Challenges Associated with the Use of Monitoring
confirming the stability and accuracy of the proposed Devices.
system, several experiments are done on a healthy volunteer  Signal quality issues are a problem.
using the 3-lead implantation.  Difficulties with Durability Monitoring
 Issues with the size of ECG signal data.
 Visualization-related difficulties.
 Difficulties with system integration.

VI. CONCLUSION

Only with AD8232 ECG Sensor and the ESP32

development kit, we suggested an IoT-based heartbeat
monitoring system. Heart ailments have become more
prevalent in recent decades, and many individuals have died
as a result of these illnesses. As a result, heart illness should
not be regarded lightly. Heart disease could be avoided by
studying and constantly monitoring the ECG signal early on.
The observed ECG signal is examined and analysed. Early
detection, prediction, and management of cardiac disease are
all aided by IoT-based statistical frameworks for heart
monitoring. This study investigates an IoT-connected low-
power wireless sensor interaction technology for long-term
Fig. 4: Standard ECG signal cardiac parameter monitoring. Regular usage of the gadget
is extremely beneficial for early diagnosis of heart ailments
As shown in Fig. 1, typical ECG signals are made up as well as lowering the severity of damage and mortality
of five types of waves: P surge, T surge, Q surge, R surge, rates associated with cardiovascular diseases. Additional
and S surge. These waves' intervals are commonly utilised health monitoring systems, such as temperature
to diagnose a number of heart conditions. Among all the measurement, Pulse Rate, Diabetes, and so on, can be
features of these waves, four are most commonly used in constructed utilising IoT in a similar way to this user-
medical diagnosis [3]. friendly ECG surveillance system, and will significantly
 RR break: The R wave is typically used to determine the help to reduce serious health complications to a certain
duration of an ECG signal because it is one of the most extent. [3] ECG monitoring systems are constantly being
essential properties. The RR interval is the temporal gap implemented using new technologies including as deep
between two consecutive R waves that can become learning, AI, Big Data, and IoT to deliver a cost-effective,
irregular in some heart disorders, such as arrhythmia [7]. completely linked, and sophisticated monitoring system.
 PR break: The duration between the start of the P wave Empowering technologies provide up a wide variety of
and the start of the QRS complex is measured by the PR possibilities for ECG monitoring system improvement.IoT
interval. It shows how long it takes for an impulse from introduces distant, unconstrained communication and
the sinus node to approach the ventricles. services that make use of data to enable fast, meaningful,
 QT break: The time between the onset of the Q wave and and crucial lifestyle decisions. Furthermore, fog computing
the finish of the T wave, which is connected to ventricular and cloud processing contribute to greater efficiency and the
depolarization and repolarization, is known as the QT fulfilment of multiple in-demand extensible application
interval. If the QT interval surpasses value, there is a services. Furthermore, blockchain enables security for
higher risk of ventricular fibrillation or potentially abrupt numerous transactions across the many elements of the ECG
cardiac death. monitoring system's development in a distributed
 QRS break: The QRS complex is primarily connected environment.
with ventricular depolarization, and it is made up of three
major waves: Q wave, R wave, and S wave. Certain

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
[8.] Azariadi, Dimitra, Vasileios Tsoutsouras, Sotirios
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