Practical

Research 1
Quarter 4 – Week 3
Data Collection, Data Gathering
Instrument, and Analysis
Procedures

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DO_Q4_Practical_Research_1_Week_3
 Department of Education
DIVISION OF CITY OF BOGO
Buac, Cayang, Bogo City, Cebu

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Quarter 4 – Week 3

Data Collection, Data Gathering

Instrument, and Analysis Procedures
I. Background Information

In a qualitative research, the viewpoint or feelings of the individual respondents

becomes the interest of the researcher. The questions stipulated equates the methods in finding
possible answers in a way of data-collection methods. These include observation, interview, or
survey in the form of questionnaires but it requires the researcher its skills to conduct the right
way in the action of data gathering.

Observation is a technique of gathering data whereby you personally watch, interact,

or communicate with the subjects of your research. (Meng 2012) In this endeavor, the
responses gathered are based on the opinions, feelings and even beliefs of the people in a
natural setting. This will help you as a researcher to support claims or conclusions regarding
the topic. Observation is the core method in qualitative research even if it is quite subjective
but is appropriate to some topic if it involves direct or indirect observation cases. The
ethnography and the lifestyle of the people or tribe is most likely be done by immersing them
everyday in order to get gradual and primary data in their daily activity within the community.

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There are types of observation to consider in data gathering:

1. Participant Observation
2. Non-participation or Structured Observation

The first one is participant observation where in the researcher is the observer who
perform in the activities of the individual or group being observed. It follows recording of what
has been observed along the way of interaction with them (respondents) and is called
descriptive observation. |The researcher records on the places, people, conversation, and
events.

The second one is called non-participation or structured observation. This is done

through the use of a checklist on what to observe. Others call it as observation schedule.

The use of such technique has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages

1. It uses simple data collection technique and data recording method.

2. It is inclined to realizing its objectives because it just depends on watching and
listening to the subjects without experiencing worries as to whether or not the
people will say yes or no to your observation activities.
3. It offers fresh and firsthand knowledge that will help you come out with an easy
understanding and deep reflection of the data.
4. It is quite vulnerable in research studies about organizations that consider you,
the researcher, a part pf such entity.

Disadvantages

1. It requires a long time for planning.

2. Engrossed in participating in the subjects’ activities, you may eclipse or neglect
the primary role of the research
3. It is prone to your hearing derogatory statements from some people in the group
that will lead to you biased stand toward other group members.

Source: Ester, Baraceros, 2018. Practical Research 1, Observation, Rex Book Store, Manila

Interview is another technique in data gathering in which the researcher verbally asks
questions to the respondents and the answers are logged for future use in data analysis. This is
commonly happening in a qualitative type of a research. It is targeting the feelings, viewpoints
or opinions, beliefs of the people-respondents. Interview as a technique, has been used widely
in radio and TV broadcast for communication. In the modern platform of communication, for
a job opening, interview can be done through an online mode or the so-called virtual interview.

Similarly, in research, it is conveniently used since it only needs an interviewer and

interviewee.

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There are types of interview:

1. Structured Interview requires the use of list of questionnaires to be answered with a

specified item.

Photo Credit: discourseanalysis-interviewers.weebly.com/html

2. Unstructured Interview describes that the answers are dependent on the opinion or
feelings of the respondents meaning it is opinionated.

Examples of Unstructured Interview:

⚫ Describe yourself.
⚫ Give us your greatest strengths and weaknesses.
⚫ What are your contributions for the success of the company?

3. Semi-Structured Interview is a blend of the structured and unstructured interview.

The Steps in Conducting an interview:

1. Get to Know Each Other

2. Having an Idea of the Research
3. Starting the Interview
4. Conducting the Interview Proper
5. Putting an End to the Interview
6. Pondering Over Interview Afterthoughts Denzin 2013; Bernard; Rubin 2012)

However, in qualitative research, it is not only confined to the three types of technique
in data gathering. It also employs the use of laboratory experiments which could be used to
gather data for both qualitative and quantitative study and the use of scales instruments for an
exact data or information collection as applicable. Once the data is at hand, it needs to be
analyzed from varied perceptions reflected in the responses and the guarantee of a credible
factual data is the test of its validity through the use of an appropriate data analysis and in order
to arrive a credible conclusion.

What is data analysis? Data analysis is a process of systematically applying statistical

and/or logical techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data.
Source:https://ori.hhs.gov>datopic) The research questions set prior to the collection of data
served as the basis for analyzing the data whether these claims exist. The analysis is aimed is

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to find meaning of data for making a sound decision. It may be subjective for a qualitative
research in analyzing collected data which are expressed in words that serve as a single quantity
of analysis.

Qualitative data analysis is time-consuming procedure where data evolved from

different sources of knowledge from an interview, observation (direct or indirect),
questionnaire, and many other techniques. It might be rigid for an analyst in interpreting the
factual data due to its lengthy and wordy responses which demand a lot of time unlike with
quantitative data where interpretations are precisely based on numerical quantity or
information.

II. Learning Competency with Code

Plans data collection, data gathering instrument, and analysis procedures

(CS_RS11-IVa-c-2)

III. Activities
ACTIVITY NO. 1
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a technique of gathering data whereby you personally watch, interact, or communicate

with the subjects of your research.

A. Interview B. Questionnaire C. Observation D. Experiment

2. What is this technique in data gathering in which the researcher verbally asks questions to
the respondents and the answers are logged for future use in data analysis.

A. Interview B. Questionnaire C. Observation D. Experiment

3. This requires the use of list of questionnaire to be answered with a specified item.

A. Structured Interview B. Questionnaire C. Observation D. Interview

4. It describes that the answers are dependent on the opinion or feelings of the respondents
meaning it is opinionated.

A. Structured Interview B. Unstructured Interview C. Observation D. Experiment

5. What is an ideal data gathering method to be used when one immerses in the community?

A. Observation B. Interview C. Experiment D. Structured Interview

6. It is a process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical techniques to describe

and illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data.

A. Gathering Data B. Evaluation C. Data Analysis D. Data Sampling

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7. What is the main purpose of data analysis in a research?
A. The analysis is aimed to find meaning of data for making a sound decision.
B. The analysis helped a researcher to make a fair conclusion.
C. The analysis geared toward educated guess and conclusion.
D. The analysis is designed to reflect the assumptions as valid.

8. It is one of the advantages of participation observation. Which one is mentioned below?

A. It uses simple data collection technique and data recording method.
B. It requires a long time for planning.
C. Engrossed in participating the subject’s activities you may neglect the primary role of the
research.
D. All of these answers are advantageous.

9. Why does a researcher prefer to utilize a questionnaire as an instrument in data gathering

especially in thesis writing?
A. It is easier to check the responses.
B. It is convenient for the researcher to analyze the data collected.
C. It entails an easy distribution of test questionnaires and less expensive.
D. All of these answers.

10. Which research instrument is appropriate term in data gathering regarding the feeling or
choices of a certain “teleserye” of a TV network?
A. Interview B. Survey C. Observation D. Experimentation

IV. Guide Questions

Answer what is asked or required precisely.

Think about a doable research topic and formulate research questions to guide you on what
type of data to be collected. Choose one data collection technique that suits your chosen topic
and subject it to data analysis.

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V. References

Baraceros, E. L.2016. Finding Answers Through Data Collection. Quezon City. Rex Book
Store.

Buensuceso D.B., et.al.Practical Research Teachers Guide. Data Collection and

Analyzing.Pasig City: Deped-BLR)

https://ori.hhs.gov>datopic

https://discourseanalysis-interviewers.weebly.com/html

VI. Answer Key

Activity:
1. C 6. C
2. A 7. A
3. B 8. A
4. B 9. C
5. A 10. B

Guide Question: Students’ answers may vary.

Prepared by:

DARIO M. MANONGSONG
Teacher, JNMNHS

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