INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL

Escuela Superior de Comercio y Administración

Unidad Tepepan
Escenarios Internacionales
Unidad 4
Impactos en el Desarrollo Económico
Actividad 2.
“Scenarios of energy”
Asesora/Profesora:
Renée Valentina López Fernández

Equipo 3:
Mendoza De La Rosa Daisy
Ramírez Espriella Sheyla Thalía Marlenne
Villegas Gallegos José Jacob
"Availability of Energy"

Elaborated: J. Enrique Bolaños Alemán.

Indicate in order of importance the top five oil producing countries in 2010

Country Thousand barrels daily

United States 17 million barrels per day

 Saudi Arabia 11.8 million barrels per day
Russia 11.5 million barrels per day
Canada 5.6 million barrels per day
Iraq 4.8 million barrels per day
NS MEDIA GROUP LIMITED. (2020).

Indicate in order of importance the five major oil consuming countries

Country Thousand barrels daily

United States 22.4 million barrels per day

China 17.3 million barrels per day
Japan 5.4 million barrels per day
India 4.2 million barrels per day
Russia 3.8 million barrels per day

Get the trade balance to the year 2010 oil and crude oil from the following countries.

Country Oil Crude oil

US 251.1 137.7

Canada 34.7 197.0

Mexico 4.8 58.1

S. & Cent. America 23.3 142.2

Europe 125.4 26.7

Former Soviet Union 11.0 139.4

 Middle East 25.4 125.2

North Africa 57.4 93.4

West Africa 7.7 219.0

East & Southern Africa 3.0 5.5

Australasia 5.5 13.0

China 66.9 0.4

India 60.7 0.1

Japan 19.3 0

Singapore 86.1 1.9

Other Asia Pacific 109.3 39.2

Unidentified *

Total World 891.6 1.198.8

OPEC. (2021).

Of the countries that obtained with negative trade balance of oil explain your views on the causes that could easily be
attributed.

Country Causes of the deficit in the trade balance of oil.

China China is affected by Wall Street; hedge funds and other operators in the quick money (Egan, 2018).

Japan Japan, the same as China is affected by Wall Street; (Egan, 2018).
 India India is one of the countries affected by the American favoritism, because this impacts the international
markets.

Europe The oil got caught in the Wall Street (Egan, 2018), affected Europe for the lack of liquidity in the markets.

Mexico Because Saudi Arabia increased its oil production by 30% (Egan, 2018). Mexico wasn’t prepared for that,
so it was left behind. We oil depends on the price of countries with higher oil production.

South and Central The countries in Cent. America were affected by the slowdown in their economies (Egan, 2018).This is one
America of the main factors that influence their oil production.

The Asia Pacif Because of the fall in international markets.

Matt Egan. (2018).

Identify the five main countries that boast the largest proven reserves of oil

Country Reserves in 2010 in billion barrels

Venezuela 304 billion barrels

Saudi Arabia 298 billion barrels
Canada 170 billion barrels
Iran 156 billion barrels
Iraq 145 billion barrels
NS Energy Staff. (2020).

In his opinion explaining the reasons associated with each country to hold the largest reserves of oil.
 Country Causes associated with the largest oil reserves.

The development of these huge reserves has taken a backseat due to political unrest and economic
Venezuela sanctions over the past few years. (NS Energy, 2020)

Saudi Arabia holds just under 298 billion barrels of oil – a 17.2% share of the global total – with a
significant amount concentrated in a handful of large oilfields, including the huge Ghawar field in the east of
the country, which is the largest in the world.
Much of Saudi Arabia’s oil is controlled by the kingdom’s monarchy, through its majority-ownership of
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Aramco which in December 2019 became the world’s most valuable company after it listed on the
Tadawul stock exchange.
The country’s reserves are expected to exceed that of Venezuela in the future if it increases its exploration
activities. (NS Energy, 2020).
Oil sands deposits in the province of Alberta account for around 97% of the country’s reserves. The
province also holds a considerable amount of its conventional oil resources.
Canada Canada is a net exporter of crude oil, with most of its sales heading to the US, to which it is the the largest
foreign supplier. In 2019, it exported 3.7 million barrels per day to the US – 98% of its total exports. (NS
Energy, 2020).
International sanctions on Iran due to its nuclear activities have weighed on the country’s energy sector,
hitting its oil production capabilities.
The country has estimated proven oil reserves of 156 billion barrels as of 2019, which is 9% of the world’s
share.
Iran
Iran’s oil reserves are expected to last for nearly a century if it continues its production at 2006 rates.
The country is also home to the world’s second-largest natural gas reserves – 32 trillion cubic metres, or
16% of the global total – and shares ownership of the world’s largest gasfield – South Pars/North Dome –
with neighbouring Qatar. (NS Energy, 2020).
The country’s energy sector has been hit by military occupation and civil unrest in recent decades, and
unexplored regions in the nation are estimated to have a potential for vast undiscovered oil reserves.
Iraq Economic sanctions, military conflicts and political upheaval have also inflicted a blow to the development
of its oil infrastructure, damaging its capability to generate national revenues from exports.
Basra, Baghdad and Ramadi are the cities that hold much of the country’s reserves,
(NS Energy, 2020).

List the top five countries with the highest consumption of oil in the world by 2010.
 Country Thousand barrels daily Participation percentage in the total world

which accounted for nearly 20% of the world’s total

USA 18.5 million barrels of oil per day (mbd) in 2012,
oil consumption per day
, accounting for about 11.7% of the world’s total oil
China 10.3mbd in 2012
consumption
Japan 4.7mbd of oil in 2012 5.3% of the world’s total oil consumption
five percent higher than the previous year,
India 3.6mbd accounting for about 4.2% of the world’s average oil
consumption per day during the yea
Russia accounting for about 3.6% of the world’s total oil
consumption per day in 2012. HT. (2013). The 10 biggest oil
3.2mbd consuming countries.

Countries of increased production of natural gas in 2010. Countries with the highest consumption of natural gas in 2010.

Country Billion cubic metres Country Billion cubic feet per day
Iran 143.9 Iran 144.4
U.S. 575.2 Russia 423.9
Russia 598.4 U.S. 648.2
Countries with the largest proven reserves of natural gas

Country Trillion cubic meters

Russia 38.0
Iran 32.0
 Qatar 24.7
U.S. 12.9

List the countries to which seven major countries buy their natural gas.

Exporting countries
Importin Billion cubic metres

g
Unite
countries
d
Algeri Egyp Nigeri Australi Indonesi
US Russia Oman Qatar Arab Malaysia
a t a a a
Emira
tes

12.
Japan 5.0 8.7 3.9 11.9 3.0 0.1 1.1 1.1 41.0 5.7
8
10.
China 0.4 3.4 1.5 11.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 2.6 39.8 6.2
0
South
7.2 3.1 5.4 15.3 0.3 0.9 0.9 10.6 3.2 6.6
Korea
India 2.6 0.3 3.9 13.2 3.6 0.3 3.6 1.4 0.5
Spain 1 1.5 4.5 3 2
France 3.1 6.9 1.9 3.6 0.4 4.4
Taiwan 0.7 2.0 0.2 6.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 6.0 0.5 3.4

Indicate the countries of increased production of coal for the year 2010.

Country Million tonnes

China 3235.0
 U.S 983.7
India 573.8
Europe 535.7
Australia 424.0
Russia 321.6
Indonesia 275.2
South Africa 254.3

List the countries with the highest consumption of coal for the year 2010.

Country Million tonnes oil equivalent

China 3,847,152.75
U.S 1,048,513.69
India 681,776.44
Germany 251,560.98
Russia 235,306.81
South Africa 206,727.77
Japan 194,699.16
Poland 155,369.50

Indicate the countries with the largest proven reserves of coal in 2010.

Country Million tonnes

 U.S 237,295
Russia 157,010
China 114,500
Australia 76,400
India 60,600
Germany 40,699
Ukraine 33,873
kazakhstan 33,600

Information Sources

NS MEDIA GROUP LIMITED. (2020). Perfil de los diez principales países productores de petróleo del mundo. 19-05-
2021, de World Energy Trade Sitio web: https://www.worldenergytrade.com/oil-gas/produccion/perfil-de-los-diez-
principales-paises-productores-de-petroleo-del-mundo

Group economista jefe, bp. (2018). Pico de demanda de petróleo y precios a largo plazo. 19-05-2021, de bp Sitio web:
https://www.bp.com/

OPEC. (2021). Brief History. 19-05-2021, de The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Sitio web:
https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/24.htm#:~:text=The%20Organization%20of%20the%20Petroleum,Kuwait
%2C%20Saudi%20Arabia%20and%20Venezuela.

Matt Egan. (2018). 6 factores que explican el colapso del petróleo en 2018. 19-05-2021, de Expansión Sitio web:
https://expansion.mx/economia/2018/11/23/6-factores-que-explican-el-colapso-del-petroleo-en-2018

NS Energy Staff. (2020). Top ten countries with the world’s largest oil reserves in 2019. 19-05-2021, de NS ENERGY Sitio
web: https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/features/newstop-ten-countries-with-worlds-largest-oil-reserves-5793487/

HT. (2013). The 10 biggest oil consuming countries. 19-05-2021, de Hydrocarbons Tecnology Sitio web:
https://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/features/featurethe-10-biggest-oil-consuming-countries-4141632/#:~:text=The
%20United%20States%20is%20the,daily%20oil%20consumption%20in%202012.&text=Canada%20is%20the%20tenth
%20biggest%20oil%20consuming%20country%20in%20the%20world.