GROUP 3

BSA 1A
Angeles, Abella, Espino, Ignacio,
Halili Manatoloto, & Sicat
 1. KAPAMPANGAN
2 . KAPAMPANGAN
RELIGIOUS
THEOLOGY
LITERATURE/ANCIENT

5 . KAPAMPANGAN
ASTRONOMICAL
TERMS
3 . KAPAMPANGAN 4 . KAPAMPANGAN
TERMS WITH RELIGIOUS IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS
WITH REFERENCE TO BODY
ORIGINS
PARTS
 KAPAMPANGAN
Religious
Literature/Ancient
 Kapampangan Zarzuelas
Zarzuelas were Spanish musical play productions that were
introduced in the Philippines in 1879. Three years later, the
performing troupe of Sr. Alejandro Cubero staged a zarzuela in San
Fernando that inspired Kapampangan playwrights, poets, dramatists
and musicians to create local zarzuelas. It is said that zarzuelas
spurred the golden age of Pampango literature, that saw the rise to
prominence of great writers like Soto, Galura and Pabalan Byron.
 ING MANAGPE
(1900 , Mariano Proceso Pabalan Byron )
 ING MANAGPE
(1900, Mariano Proceso Pabalan Byron)

Mariano Proceso Pabalan Byron was born on July 2, 1862 in Bacolor,

Pampanga, Philippines, a Kapampangan poet, the father of Modern
Pampango Drama, was the first to domesticate the form and
content of the zarzuela. He died on January 1, 1904. - Ing Managpi
(The Patcher), the first Zarzuela.
ING MANAGPE
(1900, Mariano Proceso Pabalan Byron)
The very first zarzuela in Kapampangan was written by the Bacolor
playwright, Mariano ProcesoPabalan Byron (2 Jul. 1862/d.1 Jan. 1904).
Entitled “IngManagpe” (The Patcher), it premiered at the famed Teatro
Sabina in September 1900. The one-act comedy revolved around the
marital spats of Don Diego and her jealous wife Dña. Juana, that were
always “patched” by their maid Sianang.
The other “patcher” refers to Sianang’s boyfriend, Pablo, who pretended to
be a spotted dog. Amado Gutierrez David provided the music for this
popular zarzuela that struck a chord with the audience for its very Filipino
theme of domestic quarrels. “Ing Managpe” also earned for Pampanga the
distinction of being the first province to have a zarzuela in the vernacular. In
fact, it is much older than Severino Reyes’ “WalangSugat”. “Ing Managpe”
was last staged at Holy Angel University, Angeles City in 2006.
 ALANG DIOS
(1901, Juan Crisostomo Ibarra )
Juan Crisostomo Soto,
is a journalist, poet, playwright and
known as the Father of Pampanga
Literature, was born on January 27 ,
1867 in Santa Ines, Bacolor, Pampanga.
Soto, under the pen name of Crissot,
wrote a number of lyrical poems,
historical dramas, humorous plays and
philosophical essays, and "Zarzuelas,"
the most famous of which is "Alang
Dios" or There is no God (1901).
 ALANG DIOS
(1901, Juan Crisostomo Soto)
(There is no God) is a 3-act zarzuela grande that was first staged at the
Teatro Sabina in Bacolor on 16 Nov. 1902, a year after it was written by
Pampanga’s best known literary great. It is a tragic love story that involves
Enrique, an impoverished painter, and Maria Luz, daughter of a wealthy
Don Andres. Enrique, falsely accused of stealing a diamond crucifix
belonging to the Don, is jailed. Upon release, he learns of Maria Luz’s
impending wedding to Ramon. Meanwhile, Clara, a maid of Maria Luz,
confesses to have faked the theft that led to Enrique’s incarceration; this
was too late to stop the wedding.
To prevent a duel between Enrique and Ramon, Don Monico intervenes and
reveals that Enrique and Ramon are really halfbrothers, and that Clara and
Maria Luz are half-sisters. Finally reconciled, the brothers come home to
find Maria Luz dead, leading them to exclaim, “there is no God!”. The music
was composed by Pablo Palma. Soto’s masterpiece was staged at Cultural
Center of the Philippines in 1975. On the writer’s 150th birth anniversary,
“Alang Dios” was once again staged in Angeles City on February 2017,
featuring many Soto descendants as performers.
 ING POETA
(Aurelio Tolentino )
 ING POETA
(Aurelio Tolentino)
The prolific and controversial writer from Guagua, Aurelio Tolentino (b. 15 Oct.
1868/d. 3 Jul 1915) wrote proficiently in 3 languages: Spanish, Tagalog and
Kapampangan. Of his 69 known literary works, 21 are in Kapampangan—and his
zarzuela “IngPoeta” is one of them, a comedy of errors revolving around the
exploits of poet Augusto and how he won the hand of Maria, after successfully
staging a merry mix-up of a play in response to Maria’s father’s (Don Pedro)
challenge to put up an entertainment, in time for the fiesta.
 ING MORA
(Felix Napao Galura )
Felix Galura Napao (1866-
1919 ) wrote several zarzuelas,
too, but only one, Ing Mora (The
Moslem Woman), is extant.
According to Manlapaz, two of
his plays, O Kasiran (O Disgrace)
and Azucena, are adaptations of
Spanish works and one, Ing
Singsing a Bacal (An Iron Ring), is
a translation done in
collaboration with Soto.
 ING MORA
(Felix Napao Galura)
Felix GaluraNapao (b. 21 Feb.1866/d. 21 Jul. 1919) was a brilliant grammarian,
poet, translator, editor, journalist, patriot and town leader of Bacolor. Because
he believed that Spanish literary forms with nonsensical, fantastic scenes were
the main cause of the backwardness of Filipinos, Galura began translating
Spanish works into the vernacular. With Juan Crisostomo Sotto, he wrote the
zarzuela “IngSingsing A Bacal” (The Ring of Steel) which was based on a
Spanish play. His only surviving zarzuela today is “Ing Mora” (The Moslem
Woman).
 EMU CU TATAGQUILAN
( ca. 1915-18, Juan Elias de Guzman )
 EMU CU TATAGQUILAN
( ca. 1915-18, Juan Elias de Guzman
)

Juan Elias de Guzman, a Mabalacat resident, is the first

known writer in Spanish and Pampango.He took Jose
Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and transformed it into a
Kapampangan zarzuela entitled “Emu Cu Tatagquilan”
(Don’t Touch Me). T
BAYUNG JERUSALEM
(1932 , Urbano Macagapal )
 BAYUNG JERUSALEM
(1932, Urbano Macagapal)
Urbano Macapagal (b. ca,1883/d. 30 Jan. 1946) is better known as the father
of Pres. Diosdado P. Macapagal, but this former farmer gained local fame as
a playwright, man of letters and founder of CompaniaLubeña of Lubao.
Together with his son, Diosdado, Macapagal wrote “Bayung Jerusalem” (The
New Jerusalem) which was first shown at a barrio fiesta in San Nicolas
Primero, Lubao on 5 May 1932.
CRUCIFIJONG PILAK
(1956 , Jose Gallardo )
 CRUCIFIJONG PILAK
(1956, Jose Gallardo)
A revival in the interest for zarzuela was sparked in the 1950s by Jose M.
Gallardo (b. 20 Jan. 1918/ d.1986 ), a Candaba prodigy who, at 14, could
memorize poems read from magazines, wrote for "Bulaklak” at 16, and
finished his first verse narrative at 17, "Apat a Banua,". In all, Gallardo wrote
200 poems, 26 plays and zarzuelas, 30 crissotans, 6 novels and countless short
stories. His best known work is "CrucifijongPilak," (Silver Crucifix) staged more
than 100 times between 1956 and 1972.
KAPAMPANGAN
THEOLOGY
 HOLY WEEK
The catholic church commemorates the lord’s passion, death, and

resurrection to remind the faithful that Jesus Christ already performed the

salvific role to atone the world from sin.

Some Kapampangan penitents locally called magdarame (selfflagellants) are
performing flagellations so as to imitate Christ in his sufferings also known as
Pamagdarame (self-flagellation). These unusual practices of Kapampangan
penitents include carrying of crosses (mamusankrus); bleeding and whipping
 their backs (mamalaspas); crawling on hot pavement and dirty roads
(magsalibatbat); and nailing on the cross (kristos).

DEVOTEES PANATA NON – DEVOTEES

A religious vow whereby the devotee promises The performance involved in “Panata” is viewed as
to do a sacrifice for his faith in hopes of being a contradiction to the teachings of the catholic
rewarded by divine response to his prayers church. The nailing on the cross as an example is
This is usually done as sacrifice for a loved one, not approved by the church itself.
As for self-flagellation, it has been disowned by the
usually sick or dying
church years ago.
Also viewed as a form of thanksgiving and
Cardinal Rosales: actua;;y, thsese are fanatics.
petition for a
That’s exactly the devotion we want to purify.
better life Sometimes, the strong wmotion of people takes
This is their direct way of communication with over reason. The emotions take over the holiness
the almighty father. of the event, the emotions take over the devotion.
The emotions, the fanaticism, they should not be there.
HOLY WEEK
PUNG IRU
er serves as the patron saint of

is one of the few in the country

3 days.
lluted river in their area which they
and clean
PANATA
DEVOTEES They believe that during the feast of Apung Iru,
The townspeople believed that Apung Iru the polluted river is transformed into
will grant their petitions and keep the town something sacred.
safe from danger NON – DEVOTEES
The drowning are in fact tests of the These images contradict the very notion of the
Apalitenos’s faith in Apung Iru. The transcendent being as the Catholic doctrine teaches
drowning and the pollution are “necessary The ritual is dangerous to those who patronize it.
joy and pain” deepening their relationship to Not only is the river polluted but there have been
their patron case of drowning, as states before. The problem is,
theses incidents did not scare the community; they
still continued this practice of pamamanata.
APUNG IRU
 KA P A MP A NG A N

TERMS WITH
RELIGIOUS ORIGINS
CULE SAN ANTONIO

Cule San Antonio or Culul San Antoniu

This term literally means San Antonio’s color.
In Kapampangan, it means ‘deep red’ or ‘dark
red’ or ‘maroon’ color. This refers to the color
of St. Anthony’s monastic habit.
SUSMARIOSEP
Esusmariosep or a blending of the expression
‘Jesus, Maria y Jose’ which then later became
Esusmariosep or Susmariosep.
This expression shows surprise, shock, fear or
disappointment, much like the English
expression ‘Oh, My God’
CULE NASARENU
Cule Nasarenu or Culul Nazarenu
This term means Nazarene’ color. In
Kapampangan it means deep red, dark red,
maroon, or at times purplish in color. It is
based from the cloak of Jesus of Nazarene.
DARIPORDIOS
It is a Spanish expression ‘Dar Por Dios’ which
means ‘God will provide’
In Kapampangan terms, this means having just
enough, or barely enough. It is a way of saying I
have and It is enough for me to survive.
CRISTO
Cristo or Cristu
Mag-Cristo or Mag-Cristu
A Cristo is the umpire in a sabong event. He is
called Cristo because spreads his hands abroad
to signal the start of sabong. He then holds and
raises the cocks after the fight to determine and
show the winning cock. By doing this, his
posture seems to appear like the crucified
Christ.
DIOSDADO
Diosdado is a name derived from Spanish
words ‘dios’ meaning God, and ‘dado’
meaning given. The name Diosdado means
God-given.
CARACRUS
Caracrus is a game of Heads-and-Tails. This came
from the Spanish term ‘cara y cruz’ which means
face and cross.
The player tosses or flips a coin and if it lands
facing heads up, it means cara. If it lands facing
heads down, it means cruz. In Spanish terminology,
Cara means Face and Cruz means Cross for tails.
 KAPAMPANGAN IDIOMATIC
EXPRESSIONS
WITH REFERENCE TO BODY PARTS
What is a
IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS?
Idiomatic expressions are a type of informal language that
have a meaning different from the meaning of the words in
the expression.
https://www.english-grammarrevolution.com/idiomatic-expressions.html
 DILANG ANGEL
(literally, “angel’s tongue”)
Meaning: A hope that what one had wished for someone would
come true.

“Sana mag-dilang angel ka ketang sinabi mung mipasar kami kang

sir Randy!”
 bubula asbuk
("bubbling mouth")

Meaning: Non-stop muttering of one’s anger or annoyance.

An angry, mad dog that “foams at the mouth” has a descriptive counterpart in
Kapampangan – “bubula asbuk”—

“Nandin ya pa bubula asbuk I Marjorie, uling aline peyagan mag-mall koya

na!”
mitda ka balat
("skin burst out" )

Meaning: You are in big trouble!

"Asira na lang Jinrev reng gamit da bale. Matda ya kanyan balat kauli
nang tatang na."
alang
 alang atdu
(“no gall bladder”)
Meaning:

Without courage or boldness

People with cowardly and timid behavior are often referred to by Chinese as
having “small gallbladders”.

“Ot petulan mo reng anak? Deta mu kasi ding agyu mu..ala ka kasing atdu!”
 maimpis a labi
(“thin lips”)
Meaning: a person who cannot be trusted with a secret

“Ali me sasabyan kang Lourdes ing sikretu mu. Maimpis ya labi, pangabagya
mu kanyan pangalat na ne!"
pangaduang
 pangaduang atyan
(“second stomach”)
Meaning: Reference to children from multiple marriages. The
“tummy” (atyan) is a euphemism for the womb or uterus (matris).

“I Gloria Macapagal, anak ya keng pangaduang atyan”

masipag a
 masipag a batal
(“hardworking neck”)
Meaning: To have a big appetite
Instead of saying “I have 4 mouths to feed”, Kapampangans of yore say “apat
lang batal deng pakanan ku”.

“Keng pyesta, marakal datang a bisitang magatal batal, anya maglutu kang
marakal!”
 balat sibuyas
("onion-skinned)
Meaning: Over sensitive
To have the thin skin of an onion which makes it prone to bruising, is to be
over-sensitive, quick to be affected by the slightest criticism.

“Masyadu yang balat-sibuyas, sebianan ke mung bagya, mengaga ne..”

kuskus-balungus
("rub lips together")
Meaning: Unnecessary talk or fuss over petty details Balungus is
a term for the border of the lips.

“Basta gawan mu ne mu ing pagawa ku..ala na kang kuskus-balungus!”

magalo buldit
("buttocks that can't sit still")
Meaning: Promiscuous
“magalo buldit” –buttocks that can’t keep still--is to be slutty, prone to have
casual sex partners, a promiscuous person.

“Deng anak na, miyaliwa la tatang…magalo ya kasi buldit!” \

 mayna dungus
("low stomach")

Meaning: Low tolerance for things that trigger disgust

“Mayna dungus” has quite a broad range of definitions in Kapampangan. It does
not only used to describe a number of different symptoms and medical conditions
—from gastritis to bloating, flatulence and diarrhea.

“Eke agyung kanan ing balut—mayna ku dungus”

 magatal gamat
("itchy hands")
Meaning: One prone to take or steal other people’s items.
A kleptomaniac—who has this uncontrollable urge to steal items—can be
described as having “magatal gamat” (itchy hands). One more idiom referring
to hands: “marimla gamat” (cold hands)-green thumb.

“Magatal ya pala gamat itang ikwa dang kayabe bale…karakal na penako!”

 masaclo mata
("more than what the scope of the
eyes can see")
Meaning: To be greedy
Saclao or saclo, is defined in Bergaño’s compilation of Kapampangan words as
“to grasp all, to surround all, so that not one part is lost.

“Karakal mu kinwang ulam, emu no man pala agisa…masaklo ka kasi mata!”

 magadtu pusad
("half-cooked navel")
Meaning: To have a weak will or convictiion
“Gadtu” is a term commonly used to describe rice that is not fully cooked, giving
it a gritty constitution.

“Sinabi mu mo agyu meng aryan ing Accountancy? Ot kabira meg drop out ka..
magadtu ka pala pusad”.
 maburak sakung
("muddy heels")
Meaning: In a state of poverty: impoverished.
Rural planters who toiled in farms often worked their fields without shoes or
any other foot coverings as they planted seedlings in ankle-deep paddies.

“E byasang gumamit flush toilet—metung ya kasi kareng maburak sakung”

maskup salu
("tight or crowded chest")
Meaning: To be overwhelmed with the pain of sadness
When one meets a sad experience, he is overcome with a combination of
loneliness, regret, and emptiness—he feels a tightening of the chest --‘saskup ya
salu’—which is how this profound experience is described. “Saskup ku salu nung
akakit ko reng anak a kalulu keng dalan”

utak bia
("having the brain of fish)
Meaning: narrow-minded, slow to understand, stupid
Bia are small edible fishes commonly found in Pampanga rivers, so to have a brain
with the same size as that of this tiny fish is to have limited knowledge, to know
very little, to be narrow or even close-minded about things.
“Utak-bia ya kasi anya ene aintindyan ing pangaral mu”.
1. Sunlight takes about 8.3
minutes to reach Earth from
the surface of the Sun. As
the world brightens,
Kapampangans say "maclap
na", "cunlap na".
2 . The dark space beyond
the sky, unseen from the
earth.
3 . Used to describe the
period "when the syn
changes it's path during
the season of shorter day"
4 . This are the visible path
of a meteoroid as it enters
the atmosphere and burns
up, becoming a meteor.
5 . When the moon, is in the phase in which its visible
surface area is getting smaller.
6 . This is when the Moon passes between the Sun and
Earth, partially or totally blocking the Sun.
7. All that is contained
under the vault of the sky.
"Metoyato" is synonyms of
"sicluban", which is
different from "metung a
yatu".
8 . The illumination, or ray of light, from a star.
9 . It refers to "that bright
star that is seen
occasionally in the west",
which identifies it as the
planet Venus.
10. Another collective
name for falling or
shooting stars-caused by
falling rocks from space:
asteroids, meteoroids,
meteors, and meteorites.
1 . It refers to "the star of
1
dawn, or morning star"
1. Maranun ka pa karing manggagatas - bina karanun, masasal. Alimbawa: "Maranun ka pa
karing manggagatas, e ku pa man mekapandilu, dintang na ka"
2. Mipagkalulam lupa - mipagtampu, me mibularan, e mipanatu.
Alimbawa:"Mitaltalan la mu reng mikalugurang den, ngeni mipagkalulam na la lupa.
3. Matas ne ing aldo- paugtwan na, tawli na o nandin pa ing abak. Alimbawa:"O't ngeni ka
pa migigising, nanu pang dasan mu kanyan matas ne ing aldo!
4. Madurunut ne ing bulan - tawli na, mapupupus ne ing kabulanan o tawli da ang aldo
ning bulan. Alimbawa: "E ya pamemayad utang na i A/ng, madurunut ne ing bulan."
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
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