Addis Ababa Science and Technology University

School of Natural and Social sciences

Numerical/Computational Methods
Worksheet III
System of linear equations
1. Use the different direct methods to solve the following systems of linear equations. Show all steps in
the computation. Be sure to substitute your answers into the original equation to check your answers.
The exact answers are given aside.

a. {
2 x 1−6 x 2=−18
−x1 +8 x 2=40
Ans . 9.6 6.2

{
−12 x 1 + x 2−x 3=−20
b. −2 x 1−4 x 2+ 2 x 3=10 Ans .1 , 2, 10
x 1 +2 x 2 +2 x3 =25

{
3 x 1 +2 x2 + 4 x 3=7
c. 2 x 1 + x 2+ x 3=4 Ans . 2.25 ,−1.125 , 0.625
x 1+ 3 x 2 +5 x 3=2

2. Solve the following system of equations by LU Decomposition method (crout’s & Doolittle method)
x + y=9
2x −3 y+4 z=13
5 y+5 z=23
3.
4. Use Gaussian elimination and thee-digit chopping arithmetic to solve the following linear systems, and
compare the approximations to the actual solution. The exact answers are given aside.

a. {0.03 x 1+ 58.9 x 2=59.2

5.31 x 1−6.10 x 2=47.0
and {
58.9 x1 +0.03 x 2=59.2
−6.10 x1 +5.31 x2 =47.0
Ans .10.0 , 1.00 and Ans .1.00 , 10.0

{
3.03 x 1−12.1 x 2+14 x3 =−119
b. −3.03 x1 +12.1 x2 −7 x3 =120 Ans . 0.000 ,10.0 , 0.143
6.11 x 1 −14.2 x 2 +21 x 3=−139

{
1.19 x 1 +2.11 x 2−100 x 3 + x 4=1.12
14.2 x 1−0.122 x 2 +12.2 x 3 −x 4=3.44
c. Ans . 0.177 , 0.0127 ,−0.0206 ,−1.19
100 x 2−99.9 x 3 + x 4=2.15
15.3 x 1 + 0.110 x 2−13.1 x 3−x 4=4.16

5. Solve the following system of equations by Jacobi’s iterations method

(compute three iterations)
10x + y + z = 12
2x + 10y + z =13
2x + 2y + 10z =14

Let
x 0=0 , y 0 =0 , z 0=0 be the initial approximations of the unknowns x, y , and z .
6. Solve the following system of equations using Gauss-Seidel method

10x+y+2z = 44

2x +10y + z = 51

x+2y+10z = 61

x 0=0, y 0 =0 , z 0=0
Start with the initial guesses .

7. Solve the following systems of equations by the Gauss-Siedel method. Use an accuracy of
ε =0.001. The exact answers are given aside.

{
2 x 1−x 2=124
a. −x 1+2 x 2−x 3=4 Ans . 98.5000 73.0000 43.5000
−x 2 +2 x3 =14

{
17 x 1−2 x 2−3 x3 =500
b. −5 x1 +21 x 2−2 x 3=200 Ans .33.9963 18.8928 13.3839
−5 x 1−5 x 2 +22 x 3=30
8. Start from an initial guess of x 01=x 02=x 03=1.0, show the first 2 iterations of the Gauss- Seidel
method for the solution of this system of equations. Compute the error after the second iteration.
The exact answers are given aside.

{
3 x 1−0.1 x 2−0.2 x 3=7.85
0.1 x 1 +7 x 2−0.3 x 3=−19.3 Ans . 3.0000−2.5000 7.0000
0.3 x1−0.2 x 2 +10 x3 =71.4
9. Solve the following set of equations using the Gauss-Seidel iterative method. Use the starting values
x(0) (0) (0)
1 =x 2 =x 3 =1 .

{
5 x 1 + x 2+ 2 x 3=17
x 1 +3 x 2+ x 3=8 Ans .2 , 1 ,3
2 x 1 + x 2+6 x 3=23

10. Given the system of equations

{
−12 x 1 + x 2−x 3=−20
−2 x 1−4 x 2+ 2 x 3=10 Ans . 1.0000 2.0000 10.0000
x 1 +2 x 2 +2 x3 =25
 Make 2 iteration of the Gauss Seidel method to solve the system of equations taking an initial
guess of x 01=x 02=x 03=0. Compute the error after the second iteration.

11. Taking initial guess x 0= [−3

−2 ]
, approximate the other solution of the system in (Example 12a).

12. Find characteristic equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors for

( )
123 4

( ) ( )
1 −3 3 a 1 0
A=
1 3(
5 −1
)
B= 3 −5 3 C= 0 a 1 D= 0 2 8 −6
6 −6 4 0 0 a
0 0 3 −5
000 4
13. Find the first three iterations obtained by the power method applied to the following matrices and
compare your solutions with the exact one, given aside.

( ) ( ) ( )
1 −1 0 1 −1 0 4 1 1 1
−2 4 −2 −2 4 −2 1 3 −1 1
0 t
0 −1 1 0 −1 2 1 −1 2 0 use x = (1 , 1,1,1 )
a. t
, b. t
, c. 1 1 0 2 .
0 0
use x = (1 , 0 , 0 ) use x = (1 , 0 , 0 )
¿
Ans.

[ ]
0.2357
a. Eigenvalue λ=5.0000and Eigenvector v= −0.9428
0.2357

[ ]
−0.2250
b. Eigenvalue λ=5.1249and Eigenvector v= 0.9280
−0.2970

[ ]
0.7795
0.4817
c. Eigenvalue λ=5.2361and Eigenvector v=
0.0920
0.3897

14. Using the power method, find the largest eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of

[ ]
1.5 0 1
[ A ]= −0.5 0.5 −0.5
−0.5 0 0 X0=(1,1,1)t and tolerance limitis0.0001

Ans:The exact value of the eigenvalue is λ=1 and the corresponding eigenvector is

[ ]
1
[ X ]= −0 .5
−0 .5