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Carpentary Lab

This document provides information about carpentry tools and how to make a T-lap joint. It begins by describing various types of timber and tools used for marking, measuring, cutting, drilling, boring and general work. It then outlines the steps to make a T-lap joint, which includes measuring, planning, marking, sawing, chiseling and finishing two wooden pieces to join them together at a 30 degree angle. Safety precautions are also listed. The goal of making the T-lap joint to required dimensions is achieved.

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Arun kumar rouniyar
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204 views8 pages

Carpentary Lab

This document provides information about carpentry tools and how to make a T-lap joint. It begins by describing various types of timber and tools used for marking, measuring, cutting, drilling, boring and general work. It then outlines the steps to make a T-lap joint, which includes measuring, planning, marking, sawing, chiseling and finishing two wooden pieces to join them together at a 30 degree angle. Safety precautions are also listed. The goal of making the T-lap joint to required dimensions is achieved.

Uploaded by

Arun kumar rouniyar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Carpentry Shop

Introduction:
Wood work or carpentry deals with making joints for a variety of applications
like door frames, cabinet making furniture, packing etc.
Timber: Timber is a name obtained from well grown plants or trees. The timber
must cut in such a way that the grains run parallel to the length. The common
defects in timber are knots, wet rot, dry rot etc.
Market sizes of timber: Timber is sold in market in various standard shapes and
sizes. They are: -
Log: The trunk of a tree, which is free from branches.
Balk: The log sawn to have roughly square cross section.
Post: A timber piece, round or square in cross section with more than 275 mm
in width, 50 to 150 mm in thickness and 2.5 to 6.5 m length.
Board: A sawn timber piece, below 175 mm in width and 30 mm to 50 mm in
thickness.
Reapers: Sawn timber pieces of assorted and nonstandard sizes, which don’t
conform to the above shapes.

Work Holding Tools:


Carpentry vice: It is a work holding device. When handle vice is turned in a
clockwise direction, the sliding jar forces the work against the fixed sawn. The
greater the force applied to the handle, the tighter to the work held.
Bar clamp: It is a rectangular (or) square block with V-groove on one or both
sides opposite to each other. It holds cylindrical work pieces.
C-Clamp: This is used to hold work against an angle plate or V-block.
Marking And Measuring Tools:
Try square: It is used for marking and testing the square ness of planed surfaces.
It consists of a steel blade, fitted in a cast iron stock. It is also used for flatness.
The size of a try square used for varies from 150 mm to 300 mm, according to
the length of the blade. It is less accurate when compared to the try square used
in fitting shop.
Marking gauge: It is a tool used to mark lines parallel to the edges of wooden
pieces. It consists of a square wooden stem with a riding wooden stock on it. A
marking pin, made of steel is fitted on the stem. A mortise gauge consists of two
pins. In these it is possible to adjust the distance between the pins, to draw two
parallel lines on the stock.
Compass and dividers: This is used for marking circles, arcs, laying out
perpendicular lines on the planed surface of the wood.

Cutting Tools:
Hack saw: It is used to cross cut the grains of the stock. The teeth are so set that
the saw kerfs will be wider than the blade thickness. Hard blades are used to cut
hard metals. Flexible blades are having the teeth of hardened and rest of the blade
is soft and flexible.
Chisels: These are used for removing surplus wood. Chisels are annealed,
hardened and tempered to produce a tough shank and a hard cutting edge.
Rip saw: It is used for cutting the stock along the grains. The cutting edge of this
saw makes a sleeper angle about 60o whereas that saw makes an angle of 45o with
the surface of the stock.
Tenon saw: It is used for cutting tenons and in fine cabinet works. The blade of
this saw is very thin and so it is used stiffed with back strip. Hence, this is
sometimes called back saw. The teeth shapes similar to cross cut saw.
Drilling And Boring Tools:
Auger bit: It is the most common tool used for boring holes with hard pressure.
Gimlet: This is a hand tool used for boring holes with hand pressure.
Hand drill: Carpenters brace is used to make relatively large size holes, whereas
hand drill is used for drilling small holes. A straight shank drill is used with these
tools. It is small light in weight and may be conveniently used than the brace. The
drill is clamped in the chuck.

Miscellaneous Tools:
Ball peen hammer: It has a flat face, which is used for general work and a ball
end is used for riveting.
Mallet: It is used to drive the chisel, when considerable force is to be applied,
steel hammer should not be used for this purpose, as it may damage the chisel
handle. Further, for better to apply a series of light taps with the mallet rather than
a heavy single blow.
Claw hammer: It is a striking flat at one end and the claw at the others. The face
issued to drive nails into wood and for other striking purpose and the claw for
extracting nails out of wood.
Pinches: It is made of steel with a hinged and is used for pulling out small nails
from wood.
Wood rasp file: It is a finishing tool used to make the wood smooth, remove sharp
edge finishing fillets and other interior surfaces. Sharp cutting teeth are provided
on its surface for the purpose. This file is exclusively used in wood work.
EXPERIMENT NO: DATE:

Aim: To make a T- lap joint

Tools required:
1. Carpenter’s vice
2. Steel Rule
3. Try square
4. Jack plane
5. Scriber
6. Cross cut saw
7. Marking gauge
8. Firmer chisel
9. Mallet
10. Wood rasp file and smooth file

Material required: Wooden pieces of size 50 x 35 x 250 mm–2 Nos.

Sequence of operations:
1. Measuring and Marking
2. Planning
3. Check for squareness
4. Removal of extra material
5. Sawing
6. Chiseling
7. Finishing

Procedure: -
1. The given reaper is checked for dimensions.
2. They are planed with jack plane and checked for straightness.
3. The two surfaces are checked for squareness with a try square.
4. Marking gauge is set and lines are marked at 30 and 45 mm to mark the
thickness and width of the model respectively.
5. The excess material is first chiseled with firmer and then planned to correct
size.
6. The mating dimensions of the parts X and Y are then marked using steel rule
and marking gauge.
7. Using the crosscut saw, the portions to be removed are cut in both the pieces,
followed by chiseling.
8. The ends of both the parts are chiseled to the exact lengths.
9. The fine finishing is given to the parts, if required so that, proper fitting is
obtained.
10. The parts are fitted to obtain a slightly tight joint.

Safety precautions:
1. Loose cloths are to be avoided.
2. Tools to be placed at their proper placed.
3. Hands should not be placed in front of sharp-edged tools.
4. Use only sharp tools.
5. Care should be taken, when thumb is used as a guide in cross cutting and
ripping.
6. Handle while chiseling, sawing and planning with care.

Conclusion: T- lap joint is made as per the required dimensions

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