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Spectrum Management Fundamentals Module-1: International Telecommunication Union Telecommunications Development Bureau

This document provides an overview of spectrum management. It discusses: 1. The purpose of spectrum management is to ensure the efficient use of radio frequencies without causing interference through administrative and technical procedures. 2. The main objectives of national spectrum management are to facilitate spectrum use in the national interest, ensure adequate spectrum for all users, and address changes in technology and spectrum use. 3. A national spectrum management system involves functions like planning, regulations, licensing, monitoring, and international cooperation to organize spectrum use within a country.

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Bewnet Getachew
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19 views

Spectrum Management Fundamentals Module-1: International Telecommunication Union Telecommunications Development Bureau

This document provides an overview of spectrum management. It discusses: 1. The purpose of spectrum management is to ensure the efficient use of radio frequencies without causing interference through administrative and technical procedures. 2. The main objectives of national spectrum management are to facilitate spectrum use in the national interest, ensure adequate spectrum for all users, and address changes in technology and spectrum use. 3. A national spectrum management system involves functions like planning, regulations, licensing, monitoring, and international cooperation to organize spectrum use within a country.

Uploaded by

Bewnet Getachew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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International

Telecommunication Union
Telecommunications
Development Bureau

Spectrum Management
fundamentals
Module-1
Bewnet Getachew
Gollis University

Spectrum Management Training


Programme (SMTP)
Somaliland Hargeisa,
Dec. 2018
Scope of presentation
 Purpose of SM
 Spectrum as a resource
 The objectives of national SM
 Changing context
 Impact on different services
• Licensing Requirements Electronic Communications
Services
• Classification of Radio Frequency Spectrum
• Key Statistical Highlights
The History of Regulation
Spectrum management procedures have resulted from a series
of needs that arose not only from technological
developments, but from commercial and social pressures.

“Wireless communication is plagued by a shortage of space for


new services. As new regions of the radio spectrum have
been opened to practical operation, commerce and industry
have found more than enough uses to crowd them.”

Intense unregulated competition resulted in interference, and


worse, commercial restrictions on its free use
Ex. The Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company

wireless everywhere ..
=> an increase in demand for spectrum
Societal aspects of regulation
WHAT IS SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT?
 Combination of administrative and technical procedures
necessary to ensure the efficient operation of radio
communication services without causing harmful
interference.

 The goal of national spectrum management is to facilitate the


use of the radio frequency spectrum in the national interest
and to ensure that adequate spectrum is provided for all
users, public and private, big and small, in both the short and
the long term.
Why are we addressing spectrum management now?

changes in technology and spectrum use.


 4G, 3G services
 Ultrawideband technology
 WiFi
 IOT (the future)
National spectrum management system

Support Database
functions records

- Planning and - Administrative - Allocations - Regulations


regulations
- Legal - Assignments - Allocations
- Spectrum
management - Spectrum - Licenses - Licenses
financing engineering
- Equipment - Equipment
- Allocation and - Automation Standards Standards
allotment
- Training - Addresses and - Invoices
- Frequency asignment directions
and licensing - Spectrum use
- Accounting based on
- National liaison monitoring
and consultation - Inspections
- Notification
- International and - Measurements
regional - Resolutions and
cooperation - Interference Recommendations
resolution
- Standards, - Spectrum plans
specifications and - Complaints and
equipment inquiries - International
authorization agreements
- Interference
- Monitoring - Measurements

- Spectrum
enforcement
(inspections and
investigations)

SpecMan-011
Mission to Communications to Spectrum Requirements

Federal Agency Private Sector


Public Safety
Mission Market
(State & local)
Requirements Requirements
Mission
Requirements

? ? ?

Communications Requirements
? ? ?

Spectrum Requirements
SLMT
International Telecommunications Union
Purpose of SM
 Spectrum has to be managed to ensure its rational,
equitable, efficient and economical use by all radio
communication services and users, taking into account that:
◦ Interference is caused between radio communications
systems unless sufficient isolation from each other is
provided: in Frequency, Distance or Time domains
◦ Radio spectrum is a finite resource in terms of instant
capacity, although it is inexhaustible when used over time
◦ New and new applications mean ever growing demand for
new spectrum access opportunities. For physical/technical
reasons, some parts of the spectrum have greater demand,
e.g. VHF/UHF bands due to better propagation conditions
◦ There is a need to ensure equitable distribution of
spectrum – between operators within a country and
between countries
◦ There is a need to ensure spectrum use is well coordinated
between various users within the same and neighboring
countries
Spectrum as national resource
Spectrum Land Oil Water

Is the resource varied? YES YES Not very Not very

Is it scarce? YES YES YES YES

Can it be made more YES YES YES NO


productive?
Is it renewable? YES Partially NO YES

Can it be stored for later NO NO YES YES


use?
Can it be exported? NO NO YES YES

Can it be traded? YES YES YES YES


What economics would tell us
 Because frequencies differ in what they can do, there is an
optimization problem of matching them to particular uses -
compare with city planning.
 Spectrum can be in short supply in areas of high demand –
the need for rationing its use and giving priority to more
important applications
 Shortage of spectrum in particular bands can be addressed
by moving to less favored frequencies or making more
efficient use of spectrum (sharing, compression, MIMO) -
compare to bringing less fertile land into cultivation or
applying fertilizer (extra costs) to make existing areas more
productive
 Because spectrum is fully renewable and cannot be stored,
there is no reason to hoard it for later use, as a country
might save oil reserves for use or sale later
 Spectrum demand is localized, it can only be used to provide
services in a given territory. However, it can be traded, in the
sense that property rights can be assigned to it – compare to
land trading
But, differently from the land
The spectrum use is hardly possible to contain
within specified spaces, not like with fenced
land plots.

Denied space, where


signal strength is above
interference threshold of System B
receivers

System A System B
Useful space, where signal
strength is above reception
threshold of System A receivers
Primary objectives of national SM
 To avoid interference between radio systems.
 To meet international obligations (ITU RR).
 To satisfy the demand for access to the radio
spectrum by all kinds of users.
 To ensure rational distribution of spectrum to
support safety, social, economic, security and
defence requirements, according to national
policies.
 To protect existing services, while enabling the
introduction of new services and technologies.
Main SM functions of NRA
 Developing spectrum management policy and
planning/allocation of spectrum.
 Frequency assignment and licensing.
 standardization and type approval of equipment.
 spectrum control (enforcement and monitoring).
 international cooperation.
 liaison and consultation with stakeholders.
 administrative and legal support.
Traditional national SM structure
Modern view on SM framework

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