1

ARM rocessoY
ARM AdvancedRIsc Machine1139 b4
ATm Holdinas
i sK tomponun m mamy sucLes 32-bit
em bedded syutumi
Used mobile phones
hand held oTaanizers
eNeoay potolsl cons ume deviceL
Moc cukeru SueeKsfl_Lores S ARMTDM
ARMT E) tealwes a s e hia code demiy
TDMI
-olo powes ComsumpTion

RI9C desiqns
ASimple bu powuul insir hat axtclk athin a
Single l e at kigh cibck s p u d
eates Commplexiy at Compilea lenel ie it heduces
the cowsplexiky e intps petoimtd by o betause
it s easie to piovide qseates leubalily telligeme
s hatheHhan hlo
Impememted oith 4 design hulsi
Instrs Reduted ne o inte classes
provide simple 0pesluons wtuch
be exerted
Cam Single yle
Comeile eynthesizescommplicoted opeaatton
by com binimi Sevad Simple unss
-
ecch insty is ef ed lemqth to allovo -he pipeline
e a h l n e inst beeie Aecodunq eu Tnih
 2

2 P'pelmesprveusing nstrs is broken down e

unts that cam be execId m poAAlel e
pipelines
Tdeally4 pipeline advonte by one steb on ea
Cyel maximum +Woughpu
3ReaistertRISC m hawe lasq, GPRs
* Aw Yeqiiter can tontn eithe dala ov adds -

( Looad- sHore ascitedine

MP opeaales om olouta held m
YegsteS
Sepesote load store inct transu dala lbef
Tete bank e mem
Thete dsign ulee allow a Risc piocecsoy to be Cinples
tus coTe cam operale ot highes locke.s

ARM Desiq philo sopkyPhysical Jeatumes

Pestable embedded systims hegutre some xm ef ballus
OBattes pouoe ARM desigmed to ave be Small
howe aeduuced poLoe LomsumpTLo
extemoled batte opesatuoy
Cost
2Embedded sysleme hane unuled mem. olue to T e
ad/o
phiead sAz vesThictons
- ARM has hig code deily fic meealed tos oupply oith
amuted on boad mem
Embedded syilems aAe pale sesitive G we sloo f louw- Los
Memoy devices devices
 4)Kecluue the akea e die takon up by embedded pAoCsO
a s e a used y the þAoLeLLL, m n e
fh gmallu he

&pat sanailalste o specialuzed puphenals

oitwn
ARM hs incospoialed hlw deoug technology
emaineess Cam hesolve Sues
poLese s0 Ho S
costs
deske whic heducs ovLall denelopmem
n ARM, the ky is net only h e haw psocsoi pud
buf tll apecuue syslm peitoimante poweR Lonsunpifoo

Insr set ts embedded syaums

ARM insty se ASkem pwse RISC n sevesal oays
OVasiable cyele exeutuon ceilein insty s
Not evesy ARM insty execs in a single cyule
Not ewe
ExLoad -stoíe multiple insts vay m no oexeion
xeuion

des dependung upon the ne e s t e t beAng

tronsesse
Seameial gnem-orelds actes t athea Hham
Tam dom rwuers

iCede olenty i oso impaovel me multiple vegister

t r a e s oe commen epekatioms at 8toat end o tunelon

In line basel elpls. leadinq to meie complez instes¢

is a bw Compontnt which piepmoteKes one
o he ilp
Te bene i s sed by inetys
n
Rn eorrd u unigue fe use, which shupts
no pre
Pocessng J Raul N 32-bt ip hom eithu Sote
ALU leyt or i r by peiie ng
Poifons betore ietas ALU
 4

Basl eitu - sepu

Loadduma comtan inv reaistexs
ochievinq ast mltipies o7 division bbyy powe
pow
e 2
O101-(0S1o Oshitt Tige.o
Sht le oio = 5)jo
1010
5 x 2 - 10

-it imbroves c o s e peatoimamte and ode olemsiy

THUTHUMB 16-bit insty set ARM énhantec Hhe uP core

by adding 32-bit OT 1b-bit instrs
-the 1b-it imsis impaove coe
olemiy by abouF
30.
30,
32 -bit ixed lemeth instr,.
Condituonal es eculuon
An inst s exeded only whem speujie Lonoition
has bun satisied.
hi eotuse impioves peeimance & code demny
by
b Tedmting branch tmstr
Enhanted inety s:
mhamied DSP instrs wese ndlcled to Standasd
ARM nst to support dast lb
XJ4 muUipler
 Embeddeed System Hauduwake
*Embedded systims can coilol mamuy diuef deviu
Seni0rS
Y e a l i m e corird
stems used
on NAsA Space

Each componemt is chosum dien 6 applicade

is desimeel te1 u u s e extunivn omo expanion

Ex oan ARM- bagesd embeddeod olewice a miuoconbsotey

Cotrolhe
ROM
SRAM
d e v i c c e
ARM FLASHROM
ProceKOY Mem eonolle
DRAM
Intemupt Comfoller | AH-exrena external
bridqe_ bus.
ARM-
AHB a r b i t e r
Hhg pea{R
AHBf-APB ridge - Ethene
s t s

(Read-ime clock etheYnet H

Phy sikal
Console drive
Serod UART's AeM
peupheuad
bs.

ARM Bu Techmology
Embedded devices we on-chip bus that is inteinad to the Chip
A bus has 2 aschkteTke lewels
physieal leve +that covers electucal chevocteistes 6 bu
widt (1, 32 ov 6u)
2Second tevel deal witt protcel be uP pesuphetal
 6

AMBA B s Proto col introduced n 1

Advamced Miuotonbollea Bus Arehitedus
ARM Sskem Bu (Ase)
ARM Peiiphenal (APB)
Bus
ne A HB) ARM
High peateinmane Buu
XApeiphea can eimpy be bolted ont Hhe
on-hip buu o tthou han inq to Aedengm am
inleijace
fe oAch diuem pAocemos aachiteune

R AHB pmvides highe data oo

throughpu
sCemaliaed multiplered suheme
AHB runs ot highe
clok paeds f
Support 64 128 bits
Os1mal AHB 3uppesi simgle bu mastes
Multi-lauyes AHB allows, mutiple acwe bu maes
vD eyims oi Ha muuliple pAocessors
 MemoTy An tmbedde syAem has to hawe
90me otm e memoy to Store amd lxecuutë code

One has to cowmpase pmce Pimamce pooes

consumpTion ehem deckolung upon spetie memKy
chasaericttes_
storage trade-ofts
Cache

256 KB to 256 MB)

Maun
memo

setonda
StoTo (6D MB 4o
GOGB
MB 48-
MemoTy 3
menoTY
w i d t ; mo _et bits the mmpK4eluns en eah auess

Ex t,,1b, 32 44
Memoiy oidth hak a diru emec on h e

ovesall peafomamce f Cos aotio.

ARM-32 Mem 2 has lb-bit Loidt
hen pAo cecom neds 2 mem tehes psmem inste
MSB LSB
ARM- 32 lbits.
ea men

32
bts
ARMA Cote 1-b
idth,
32bit 6-bit HUMB
Lnst inscs
mem. à has is 16-bit width,hen 1t-bit THUMB
nst can be wsed to 1mprove pefoxmance
s e d u e cogt.
 Fetchinq inst omm
inst iz &-bi 16-bit 32 t

ARM 32-bit eeles 2 cyeles 1 eeles

Thumb 16-bit 2 cyeles Cucles 1 cyeles

ups Memoy
OBoM lcast dlexible becemse it has image
hot s pamanenTu ser a t poduelhon
ima
Comne b hepaoRammed

Xholds boot code

wrila but ori ung
FLASHROM: Read as wel as

L vey cloo
shouta not be wed ten holdinq aynamic
Aata
Xholasdevice romuoar
tesm olala which meeds to be.
Storing long
pTeseted ater povse
megabyte.
D R A M : it ha*loo cot pes
neecds to be aekeLhed eNy {euo
milusiwmd.

nee di teckeK siheom allta

isastes Hham DRAM
SRAM2 t
d o e s t need heshinq
nore siWcon a s e a needs 6tvemistm)
p etr
 Poiphualk- Needed toi Commumicalon betweum
betoeen
phoceAA omd outside u o l s

XA ARM peiphaals ake memesA mapped

ohich
Coniolless a s e speuializecd periphuals
witin
implement ighe lewel ohundion ali
am enbeclded slem
X2ypt
Intenup Co.olers
Memoy Conkolless
Conme d i t t p e when a pesiphaal yaquires
tD uP bus' outentiom ,it rases am infusup
mem to he psouKOI
O n povoes-p,t i
1 t p0Vides a p0gsammalble.
Conhwked to altow
CestaM_mem: dwite w ovesning poloy that allo uss
be aclve
s/ho to detos mine Lonih deoice
can intoapt Ae uP at a
speufc time

2 ype
Stomolod Vecctor ntesmupt Confroller
mtsup onbolleY (vte
3 t semds am intuupt siqnal move powestul dLit prioritizs
4o Af wthen al. dwiic Hhe
inntesupt f simpities
Aeuet Sesvic eleteminatuov e wieh devire
Cased Hae Imtusupt
 10

Embedded Sytm 3 =
Embedded custum /0To drive i t
4Tpital so cowmponemle akehtwTed Hee
eme o
t a spkeifoims
s equuredt*adesic
1
|Arla, povides lw o t o n h
OpesolimA p p l y s managhlw
-. code tobe System
Retledt itialigtón) |De»ivers Povide

Dneoasd ComsidAem
t seti up mip Hasdioane dwice SJo inaare
peiplenals
Pat on hlw deoice
onHhe boad
hande ove ExTh mobile pkone ma aplp
may b e conkolled.

Titaligaon Boot) tode

Taku uP Aom Aest Atate a stoate whue the 0s
COm Aun

r Cof the memeiy conelle, 6 uf cathu

imatialige some devices
4 hades a no admmstradwe tauks prior B
hamdlinconbel am 09 image
o 3-4ass
O ho hlo coniguaduo mvolvu linw
he tae plottom 9o it can bbel an imagl)

he
modiiecdop 1 sats
E mem. systm Aequement of bookd
notmal Keqmie ALOTgomisaloy imag
mwm map
 23

Mem htmapping

OxFFFFEFFFMlo Res
FAST SRAM
DRAM
Lana DLAM
ontlgous Los
blo&k Contum

ox D0000000 H
Boot ROM FAST SRAM

6ote ALles
ARM based embdded cums pKovide mem hemaupina
becaie it allows the swlum to stas the initial tode flom
ROM ot powea-u

The initaugauon ode h n hedeints tthe mm map to

plate RAM a odd 0xoo000000-an impeitami Stup
becane hm th excuphon veutr table an be in RAM
w w s Cm bi ApAoKammed

ODLgnostic mbidded m iitializauon wde

fests the 3yslem by ekeaising the h tasger cheuk
htangi is m weskmg rde
Baicall teutt idolitication Giselatuon
otna is the nal pha
i t invowu loooling om image & homdinq Covbhol ey to
hot imag
O OLdlung om image inve&es omytin om Cspting m
endune pom intldamq Lode d o t a i t RAM,
J w coPting a dala asAa Lonlainung velile vaiables
Ao RAM
Onte boetrd,the lum hamds Bv olbel bu moditing
he Pm Counla poIn o te stoae t imase .
 24

Opaq lem 2.21Proc

Iteligattuon pous pitparesHai hlo % 0s de

Eac
DS organizes the syelem hesowrest peiphaals, mem,
pd ing ime

ARM P Suppor& 50 opehaimq stems mem acLeL

ouure
RTOS ptottorm0s edevie
povide quatantete- Neuiss mem MumagmenL Os/Kelkne s
hesponse time o wUng d t to mana Lakqe
non-Aeol time opplns
tenol to hat mm
E Lnux 0 S Re