UNIT-4

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

For the things of this world cannot be made known without a knowledge
of mathematics.

1. Solve by factorization
a. 4x2 - 4a2x + (a4 – b4) = 0
Ans: 4x2 – 4a2x + (a4-b4) = 0.
4x2 – [2(a2 + b2) + 2 (a2 - b2)] x + (a2 - b2) (a2 + b2) = 0.
⇒ 2x[2x-(a2 + b2)] - (a2 - b2) [2x - (a2 + b2) = 0.
a 2 + b2 a2 − b2
⇒x= x=
2 2
a a +b
b. x2 + ( + )x + 1 = 0
a+b a
 a a +b
Ans: x2 +  +  x +1
a+b a 
 a a+b a a+b
⇒ x2 +  x+ x+ . 
a+b a a+b a 
 a  a+b a 
⇒ x x +  +  x+ =0
 a + b a  a + b 
−a ( − a + b)
⇒x= x= a+b ≠ 0.
a+b a

1 1 1 1
c. = + + a + b ≠0
a+b+ x a b x
1 1 1 1
Ans: = + +
a+b+ x a b x
1 1 1 1
⇒ − =+ +
a+b+x x a b
x − (a + b + x) a+b
⇒ =+
x ( a + b + x) ab
⇒(a+b){x(a+b+x)+ab}=0
⇒x(a+b+x)+ab=0
⇒x2 +ax+bx+ab=0
⇒(x+a)(x+b)=0
⇒x=-a x=-b

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d. (x – 3) (x – 4) =
33 2
34
Ans : (x-3) (x-4) =
33 2
34
⇒x2-7x+12= 2
33
13034
x2-7x+ =0
33 2
98 133
x2-7x+ x =0
33 33
231 98 133
x2- x+ x =0
33 33 33
 98 133  98 133
x2-  + x + x =0
 33 33  33 33
 98  133 
⇒  x −  x − =0
 33  33 
98 133
⇒ x = or x =
33 33

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e. x= x ≠2
1
2−
1
2−
2− x
2
Ans: x= x≠ 2
1
2−
1
2−
2− x

1
x=
1
2−
1
2−
2− x

1
x=
1
2−
2−
(2 − x )
4 − 2x −1

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x=
2−x
2−
3 − 2x

3 − 2x
⇒ x=
2(3 − 2 x) − (2 − x)

3 − 2x
⇒ x=
4 − 3x
⇒ 4x -3x2=3-2x
⇒ 3x2-6x+3=0
⇒ (x-1)2=0
x =1, 1.

2. By the method of completion of squares show that the equation 4x2+3x +5 = 0 has
no real roots.

Ans: 4x2+3x+5=0
3 5
⇒ x2 + x + = 0
4 4
2
3 3 −5 9
⇒ x + x+  =
2
+
4 8 4 64
2
 3 − 71
⇒ x+  =
 8 64
2
 3 − 71
⇒ x+  =
 8 64
3 − 71
⇒ x+ = not a real no.
8 64
Hence QE has no real roots.

3. The sum of areas of two squares is 468m2 If the difference of their perimeters is
24cm, find the sides of the two squares.

Ans: Let the side of the larger square be x.

Let the side of the smaller square be y.

APQ x2+y2 = 468

Cond. II 4x-4y = 24
⇒x–y=6

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 ⇒x=6+y
x2 + y2 = 468
⇒ (6+y)2 +y2 = 468
on solving we get y = 12
⇒ x = (12+6) = 18 m
∴ sides are 18m & 12m.

4. A dealer sells a toy for Rs.24 and gains as much percent as the cost price of the toy.
Find the cost price of the toy.

Ans: Let the C.P be x

∴Gain = x%
x
⇒ Gain = x.
100
S.P = C.P +Gain
SP = 24

x2
⇒x+ =24
100
On solving x=20 or -120 (rej)
∴C.P of toy = Rs.20

5. A fox and an eagle lived at the top of a cliff of height 6m, whose base was at a
distance of 10m from a point A on the ground. The fox descends the cliff and went
straight to the point A. The eagle flew vertically up to a height x metres and then
flew in a straight line to a point A, the distance traveled by each being the same.
Find the value of x.
Q

Ans: Distance traveled by the fox = distance traveled by the eagle x

(6+x) 2 + (10) 2 = (16 – x) 2 Top
on solving we get
x = 2.72m. 6m

A P
10m

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 6. A lotus is 2m above the water in a pond. Due to wind the lotus slides on the side
and only the stem completely submerges in the water at a distance of 10m from the
original position. Find the depth of water in the pond.

Ans: (x+2)2 = x2 + 102

x2 + 4x + 4 = x2 + 100
⇒ 4x + 4 = 100
⇒ x = 24
Depth of the pond = 24m

7 Solve x = 6 + 6 + 6 .........

Ans: x = 6+ 6+ 6+
⇒x= 6+ x
⇒ x2 = 6 + x
⇒ x2 - x – 6 = 0
⇒ (x -3) (x + 2) = 0
⇒x=3

8. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 20m. If the difference between the length of the
other sides is 4m. Find the sides.

Ans: APQ
x2 + y2 = 202
x2 + y2 = 400
also x - y = 4
⇒ x = 404 + y
(4 + y)2 + y2 = 400
⇒2y2 + 8y – 384 = 0
⇒(y + 16) (y – 12) = 0
⇒ y = 12 y = – 16 (N.P)
∴sides are 12cm & 16cm

9. The positive value of k for which x2 +Kx +64 = 0 & x2 - 8x + k = 0 will have real
roots .

Ans: x2 + Kx + 64 = 0
⇒ b2 -4ac > 0
K2 - 256 > 0
K > 16 or K < - 16 ……………(1)
x2 - 8x + K = 0
64 – 4K > 0

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 ⇒ 4K < 64
K < 16 ……………(2)
From (1) & (2) K = 16

10. A teacher on attempting to arrange the students for mass drill in the form of a solid
square found that 24 students were left over. When he increased the size of the
square by one student he found he was short of 25 students. Find the number of
students.

Ans: Let the side of the square be x.

No. of students = x2 + 24
New side = x + 1
No. of students = (x + 1)2 – 25
APQ ⇒ x2 + 24 = (x + 1)2 – 25
⇒ x2 + 24 = x2 + 2 x + 1 - 25
⇒ 2x = 48
⇒ x = 24
∴ side of square = 24
No. of students = 576 + 24
= 600

11. A pole has to be erected at a point on the boundary of a circular park of diameter 13m
in such a way that the differences of its distances from two diametrically opposite
fixed gates A & B on the boundary in 7m. Is it possible to do so? If answer is yes at
what distances from the two gates should the pole be erected.

P
Ans: AB = 13 m
BP = x
⇒ AP – BP = 7
⇒ AP = x + 7 A
APQ B
⇒ (13) = (x + 7) + x
2 2 2
O
⇒ x2 +7x – 60 = 0
(x + 12) (x – 5) = 0
⇒ x = - 12 N.P
x=5
∴Pole has to be erected at a distance of 5m from gate B & 12m from gate A.

12. If the roots of the equation (a-b)x2 + (b-c) x+ (c - a)= 0 are equal. Prove that 2a=b+c.

Ans: (a-b)x2 + (b-c) x+ (c - a) = 0

T.P 2a = b + c
B2 – 4AC = 0
(b-c)2 – [4(a-b) (c - a)] = 0
b2-2bc + c2 – [4(ac-a2 – bc + ab)] = 0

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 ⇒ b2-2bc + c2 – 4ac + 4a2 + 4bc - 4ab = 0
⇒ b2+ 2bc + c2 + 4a2 – 4ac – 4ab= 0
⇒ (b + c - 2a)2 = 0
⇒ b + c = 2a

13. X and Y are centers of circles of radius 9cm and 2cm and XY = 17cm. Z is the centre
of a circle of radius 4 cm, which touches the above circles externally. Given that
∠XZY=90o, write an equation in r and solve it for r.

Ans: Let r be the radius of the third circle

XY = 17cm ⇒ XZ = 9 + r YZ = 2
APQ
(r + 9)2 + (r + 2)2 = (1 + r)2
⇒ r2 + 18r + 81 + r2 + 4r + 4 = 289S Z
⇒ r2 + 11r - 10r = 0
(r + 17) (r – 6) = 0
⇒ r = - 17 (N.P)
r = 6 cm
X Y
∴radius = 6cm.

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