Chapter of Iraab

Chapter of Iraab ‫باب االعراب‬
Linguistic Meaning of I’raab ‫االعراب لغة‬
‫االظهار االبانة التوضيح‬
Al Idh-haar :‫ االظهار‬To express or show something and to make something apparent.
Al Ibaanah :‫ االبانة‬To make something clear
At-Tawdhih :‫ التوضيح‬Again, to make something clear.
So linguistically I’raab means to make something clear.
Scholarly Definition :‫ اصطالحا‬It is to change the conditions of the end of the word,
these changes take place because of the different Awamil (effecting factors) that
enter upon these words.
Lafzhi :‫ لفظي‬That which is apparent verbally and in writing.
Ex: ‫حرف جر من‬
‫ من البيت‬you can see and hear the change that has been caused due to the harf jarr
“min”.
Taqdeeri :‫ تقديري‬It is that which is prevented from being pronounced by a preventer

because of 3 reasons.
Ex: ‫من موسى‬

3 reasons why a harakah is not pronounced at the end of the word
✓ At-Ta’zzur :‫ التعذر‬Whenever a word ends with alif we can never hear or see
the actual vowel sign like ‫موسى‬
✓ Ath-Thiqal :‫ الثقل‬If a word has a heaviness. ‫ القاضي‬the origin is that the ya has
a dammah, but we can't pronounce it due to the heaviness. The dammah at
the end is not pronounced because it's too heavy.
✓ Harakah al Munaasabah :‫المناسبة‬ ‫حركة‬ When we attach ya Mutaqallim ‫كتابي‬
the dammah on the ‫ب‬ is replaced with a kasrah for the reason that ya
mutakallim gives kasrah to the previous letter.
The I’raab is prevented from being pronounced in these 3 situations (further

explained below).
‫موانع ظهور االعراب‬
Those things that prevent the expression or the visibility of I’raab.
1. At-Ta’zzur :‫ التعذر‬Impossible to ever see the Harakat Ex: Alif
Whenever a word ends with Alif Madd (Alif that does not have a harakah on it –
‫ … موسى عبسى الفتى‬They are always sakinah). The harakah will always be hidden at the
end of the word.
‫يسعى الفتى‬
‫رأيت الفتى‬
‫نظرت الى الفتى‬
2. Ath-Thiqal :‫ الثقل‬It's possible to pronounce the last harakah but it is too
heavy to pronounce. This is usually in the word that ends with ya madd or
waw madd. The only harakah that are difficult to pronounce are the
dammah and the kasrah and so they are not apparent. As for the Fatha, we
can pronounce it.
‫القاضي الداعي المهتدي‬

‫يجري يرمي يمشي‬
‫يدعو يرجو يسمو‬
‫رأيت القاضي‬ The fathah on the ya will be pronounced because it is easy.
There is no Ism that ends with a waw madd.
3. Harakah al Munaasabah :‫المناسبة‬ ‫حركة‬ Nouns added to Ya Mutakallim. The

word has to adjust or match with the ya Mutakallim to say and drop the
dammah. ‫كتابي بيتي‬
4. Harakatul Hikaayah ‫حركة الحكاية‬:
Ex: ‫ضرب خالد زيدا‬
If someone questions back ‫من زيدا؟‬
The Asl (origin) is that it is ‫من زيد؟‬

In reality the name Zayd should have been Marfoo, but the questioner is asking as
per the statement of the informer.
So whats the I’raab of ‫ زيدا‬Even if it is written as Mansoob the I’raab is Marfoo,

which is as follows:
‫اعراب زيدا‬:
‫مبتدا مؤخر مرفوع وعالمة رفعه الضمة المقدرة منع من ظهورها حركة الحكاية‬
Linguistic Meaning of Al Binaa :‫لغة‬ ‫البناء‬ Opp of I’raab
Linguistically it's to put one thing on top of the other. With the intention of it
being in place and staying that way.
Scholarly view :‫ اصطالحا‬It is the remaining of the ends of the words in one state
and not changing. It's not because of the Amil or harf illah.
Ex: ‫)هؤالء )مبني على الكسر‬ this kasrah is not because something changed nor because
it’s a weak letter.
‫هؤالء طالب‬
‫رأيت هؤالء‬
‫سلمت على هؤالء‬
AlMu’rab: Whenever we say a word is Mu’rab that’s the description of I’raab.
‫ هذه الكلمة معربة‬This word is Mu’rab, means it has accepted I’raab and it can change
because of an Amil.
Almabni: ‫ هذه الكلمة مبنية‬This word is Mabni, means its state remains and the same
and does not change due to an Amil.
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Chapter of Iraab ‫باب االعراب‬

Linguistic Meaning of I’raab ‫االعراب لغة‬

‫االظهار االبانة التوضيح‬

Al Idh-haar :‫ االظهار‬To express or show something and to make something apparent.

Al Ibaanah :‫ االبانة‬To make something clear

At-Tawdhih :‫ التوضيح‬Again, to make something clear.

So linguistically I’raab means to make something clear.

Lafzhi :‫ لفظي‬That which is apparent verbally and in writing.

Ex: ‫حرف جر من‬

Taqdeeri :‫ تقديري‬It is that which is prevented from being pronounced by a preventer

Ex: ‫من موسى‬

The I’raab is prevented from being pronounced in these 3 situations (further

‫موانع ظهور االعراب‬

Those things that prevent the expression or the visibility of I’raab.

1. At-Ta’zzur :‫ التعذر‬Impossible to ever see the Harakat Ex: Alif

‫القاضي الداعي المهتدي‬

There is no Ism that ends with a waw madd.

3. Harakah al Munaasabah :‫المناسبة‬ ‫حركة‬ Nouns added to Ya Mutakallim. The

4. Harakatul Hikaayah ‫حركة الحكاية‬:

Ex: ‫ضرب خالد زيدا‬

If someone questions back ‫من زيدا؟‬

The Asl (origin) is that it is ‫من زيد؟‬

So whats the I’raab of ‫ زيدا‬Even if it is written as Mansoob the I’raab is Marfoo,

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