Design of pier at Pier base - Servicibility limit State & Ultimate limit State

Load & moments at base of pier

Load Case V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m) Meq (kN-m)
1 (a) 8841 645.3 -109.3 1114.9 6877.0 6966.8
1 (b) 5254 645.3 -111.4 7404.7 8870.6 11555.0
1 (c) 5254 645.3 -108.4 7404.7 8870.6 11555.0

Design of Pier in Ultimate Limit State

1. Material data
[a] Concrete data (parabolic rectangular stress-strain relation)
Characteristic strength = 30.0 MPa E value of concrete = 31187 MPa
Peak strain at failure ecu2 = 0.0035 Strain at peak stress ec2 = 0.0020
Strength reduction a = 0.67 Partial factor of safety gc = 1.50
Design strength fcd = 13.38 MPa
[b] Reinforcement data (idealized elastic-perfectly plastic stress-strain relation)
Grade of steel = 500.0 MPa E value of steel = 200000 MPa
Partial factor of safety gs = 1.15 Design strength of steel fsd = 434.78 MPa
Yield strain of steel = 0.0022 Failure strain of steel = 0.1600

2. Geometric details
[a] Dimension detail of column
Actual column length = 9.27 m Effective length multiplier = 2.30
Width of section = 4000 mm
Depth of section = 1500 mm Radius of gyration, i = 433.0 mm
Effective length of col l e = 21.31 m Slenderness ratio l = 49.21
other direction
Effective length multiplier = 1.00 Effective length of col l e = 9.27 m
Radius of gyration, i = 1154.7 mm Slenderness ratio l = 8.02
Reinforcement provided
Tension face 27 Nos. T 20 0 Nos. T 25 = 8482 mm2
Compression face 27 Nos. T 20 = 8482 mm2
Side side 15 Nos. T 20 = 4712 mm2
15 Nos. T 20 = 4712 mm2
Stiruups 2 12 T @ 125 c/c Total = 26389 mm2
32 12 T @ 125 c/c for top & bottom 1500 mm

Ductile detailing for Seismic case, (although, this is applicable for seismic zone III, IV, V)
For rectangular Column
As per Clause No. 7.4 of IS 13920:1993, Ash = 0.18ShSDkxfck/fy[Ag/Ak-1.0)
Ash Area of tranverse Reinforcement = 113.1 mm2
b Larger Dimensionr of Column = 1500 mm
h Larger dimension of Core measured to the outside of the spiral = 466.666667 mm
fck = M30
fy = M500
Ag Gross area of the Column cross section = 6000000 mm2
Ak Area of the Concrete core = 5460000 mm2
S Specing of spiral or hoop = 226.89 mm
Say 125 mm

Page No. 1 of 18
As per Clause No. 17.2.1 of RC 112:2011,
Confining reinforcement ratio wwd = pwfyd/fcdWhere, pw = Asp/(SL*b)
Asp = 113.1 mm2 b = = 4000 mm
For ractangular, section wwd.c >= max(wwreq : 0.12)
Confining reinforcement ratio ww.req = 0.37*Ac/Acc*nk + 0.13*fyd/fcd*(pL-0.01)
nk = NED/(Ac*fck) > 0.08 = 0.08000
pL As/(bxD) = 0.0044
wwd = = 0.005
Spacing for 16 dia reinforcement Asw/(b*wwd)*fyd/fcd = 5710.9 mm
Say = 125 mm
Hence provide 2 12 T @ 125 c/c
32 12 T @ 125 c/c Ash 3732.212 mm2

d' = 72.000 mm Pt = 0.440 %

d'/D = 0.048 Pt/fck = 0.015

φef = effective creep ratio = φ(∞,o) * Moeqp/Moed

[a] Parameters for limiting slenderness ratio
λlim value is given by as per Eq 11.1 of IRC 112-2011
λlim = 20 * A * B * C / SQRT (n) A = 1/( 1+0.2*φef)
As per Eq A2-14, 15, 16 of IRC 112-2011
φef = effective creep ratio = φ(∞,o) * Moeqp/Moed φo = φRH * β(fcm) *βMoed
(t0) = BM in ULS
φ(∞,o) = φo* β (∞,0) φo = φRH * β(fcm) *β (t0) β (∞,0) =1
φRH = 1+ (1-RH/100)/0.1*h0^1/3 RH = relative humidity = 70 %
h0 = 2*Ac/u 545 mm φRH = 1.37
β(fcm) = 18.78/sqrt(fcm) 2.97 β (t0) = 1/(0.1+to^0.2) 0.488
to = age in days of loading = 28 days So, φ0 = 1.983
φ(∞,o) = φo* β (∞,0) 1.983
Moeqp = 4644.6 kNm Moed = 11555.0 kNm
So, φef = 0.80 So , A = 0.863

B = SQRT( 1+2w) 1.13 C = 1.7 - rm rm = 1

w= As*fyd/Ac*fcd = 0.143 C= 0.7
n= Ned/Ac*fcd 0.065 λlim = 20 * A * B * C / SQRT (n) 53.52

[b] Eccentricity due to slenderness

M2 = Ned * e2 Ned = Design Axial Force e2 = deflection = (1/r)*le^2/C
le = effective length = = 21.31 m C= 10
1/r = curvature = Kr* Kφ * 1/r0 kr= (nu-n)/(nu-nbal)<=1 ..Eq 11.9 of IRC 112-2011
nu = 1+w = = 1.143 n= NED/AcxfCD
nbal = = 0.4
Kφ = 1+ β * φ ef φ ef = = 0.80
β= 0.35+fck/200-λ/150 = 0.172 The coefficient Kf = 1.14
1/r0 = fyd/(Es*0.45*d) = 0.0012 1/m

Page No. 2 of 18
 [c] Design bending moment

Load M 0Ed n = N ed /
N Ed (kN) l lim Kr e 2 (m) M Ed (kNm)
case (kNm) (A c f cd )

1 8840.80 1114.9 0.11 41.26 1.00 0.064 1676.25

2 5254.09 7404.7 0.07 53.52 1.00 0.000 7404.74
3 5254.09 7404.7 0.07 53.52 1.00 0.000 7404.74
Capacity of the section along Longitudinal Direction
[a] Cross section
Width of column = 4000.0 mm Depth of column = 1500.0 mm
Clear cover = 50.0 mm Effective depth = 1428 mm
Effective cover d' = 72.0 mm
[a] Concrete property (parabolic rectangular stress-strain relation)
Characteristic strength = 30.0 MPa E value of concrete = 31187 MPa
Peak strain at failure ecu2 = 0.0035 Strain at peak stress ec2 = 0.0020
Strength reduction a = 0.67 Partial factor of safety gc = 1.50
Design strength fcd = 13.38 MPa

Stress Stress

= 0.002 = 0.0035 Strain Yeild strain = 0.00217 Strain

Stress - strain diagram for concrete Stress - strain diagram for steel
0.0035
Asc = = 8482 mm2
209.79 CG
Compression Zone
1500.0 NA

Ast = = 16965 mm2 Tension Zone

4000.0 Strain Block for concrete & Steel

[b] Reinforcement property (idealized elastic-perfectly plastic stress-strain relation)

Grade of steel fy = 500.0 MPa E value of steel = 200000 MPa
Partial factor of safety gs = 1.15 Yield strain of steel = fy/(1.15*Es) = 0.00217
Design strength of steel fsd = 434.78 MPa Max. strain of steel = fy/(1.15*Es)+0.002 = 0.00417
Reinforcement provided
Tension face 27 Nos. T 20 = 8482 mm2
27 Nos. T 20 = 8482 mm2
Compression face 27 Nos. T 20 = 8482 mm2
Side sides 15 Nos. T 20 = 4712 mm2 at each side
15 Nos. T 20 = 4712 mm2
Assume Neutral axis depth = 209.79 mm
The section is divided into 12 segments in depths i.e; depth of each segments = = 125 mm
Contribution from concrete:
Length Depth Area CG
Sl no Section Strain Stress (MPa) Force (KN) Moment (KN-m)
(mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm)
1 1 4000 125.00 500000 62.5 0.0025 13.38 6689.0 4598.7
2 2 4000 125.00 500000 187.5 0.0004 4.51 2255.8 1268.9
3 3 4000 125.00 500000 312.5 -0.0017 0.00 0.0 0.0
4 4 4000 125.00 500000 437.5 -0.0038 0.00 0.0 0.0
5 5 4000 125.00 500000 562.5 -0.0059 0.00 0.0 0.0
6 6 4000 125.00 500000 687.5 -0.0080 0.00 0.0 0.0
7 7 4000 125.00 500000 812.5 -0.0101 0.00 0.0 0.0
8 8 4000 125.00 500000 937.5 -0.0121 0.00 0.0 0.0
9 9 4000 125.00 500000 1062.5 -0.0142 0.00 0.0 0.0
10 10 4000 125.00 500000 1187.5 -0.0163 0.00 0.0 0.0
11 11 4000 125.00 500000 1312.5 -0.0184 0.00 0.0 0.0
12 12 4000 125.00 500000 1437.5 -0.0205 0.00 0.0 0.0
8944.79 5867.56

Page No. 3 of 18
 Contribution from Steel: Spacing of side reinforcements =123.3 mm
Area CG Stress Force Moment (KN-
Sl no Section Strain
(mm2) (mm) (MPa) (KN) m)
1 1 8482 72.0 0.0023 421.40 3574.5 2423.5
2 2 942 195.3 0.0002 45.61 43.0 23.8
3 3 942 318.5 -0.0018 -362.90 -342.0 -147.6
4 4 942 441.8 -0.0039 -434.78 -409.8 -126.3
5 5 942 565.1 -0.0059 -434.78 -409.8 -75.8
6 6 942 688.4 -0.0080 -434.78 -409.8 -25.3
7 7 942 811.6 -0.0100 -434.78 -409.8 25.3
8 8 942 934.9 -0.0121 -434.78 -409.8 75.8
9 9 942 1058.2 -0.0142 -434.78 -409.8 126.3
10 10 942 1181.5 -0.0162 -434.78 -409.8 176.8
11 11 942 1304.7 -0.0183 -434.78 -409.8 227.3
12 12 8482 1428.0 -0.0203 -434.78 -3688.0 2500.4
TOTAL 26389 -3690.7 5204.3
TOTAL CAPACITY OF THE SECTION
FORCE= 5254 kN MOMENT= 11072 kNm

Capacity of the section along Tranverse Direction

[a] Cross section
Width of column = 1500.0 mm Depth of column = 4000.0 mm
Clear cover = 50.0 mm Effective depth = 3928 mm
Effective cover d' = 72.0 mm
[a] Concrete property (parabolic rectangular stress-strain relation)
Characteristic strength = 30.0 MPa E value of concrete = 31187 MPa
Peak strain at failure ecu2 = 0.0035 Strain at peak stress ec2 = 0.0020
Strength reduction a = 0.67 Partial factor of safety gc = 1.50
Design strength fcd = 13.38 MPa
0.0035
Asc = = 4712 mm2
565.01 CG
Compression Zone
4000.0 NA

Ast = = 4712 mm2 Tension Zone

1500.0 Strain Block for concrete & Steel

[b] Reinforcement property (idealized elastic-perfectly plastic stress-strain relation)

Grade of steel fy = 500.0 MPa E value of steel = 200000 MPa
Partial factor of safety gs = 1.15 Yield strain of steel = fy/(1.15*Es) = 0.00217
Design strength of steel fsd = 434.78 MPa Max. strain of steel = fy/(1.15*Es)+0.002 = 0.00417
Reinforcement provided
Compression face 15 Nos. T 20 Nos. T 20 = 4712 mm2
Tension face 15 Nos. T 20 Nos. T 20 = 4712 mm2
Side sides 27 Nos. T 20 = 8482 mm3
27 Nos. T 20 = 8482 mm2
Assume Neutral axis depth = 565.01 mm at each side
The section is divided into 6 segments in depths i.e; depth of each segments = = 667 mm

Page No. 4 of 18
 Contribution from concrete:
Length Depth Area CG
Sl no Section Strain Stress (MPa) Force (KN) Moment (KN-m)
(mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm)
1 1 1500 666.67 1000000 333.3 0.0014 12.31 12310.8 20518.0
2 2 1500 666.67 1000000 1000.0 -0.0027 0.00 0.0 0.0
3 3 1500 666.67 1000000 1666.7 -0.0068 0.00 0.0 0.0
4 4 1500 666.67 1000000 2333.3 -0.0110 0.00 0.0 0.0
5 5 1500 666.67 1000000 3000.0 -0.0151 0.00 0.0 0.0
6 6 1500 666.67 1000000 3666.7 -0.0192 0.00 0.0 0.0
12310.80 20518.00
Contribution from Steel: Spacing of side reinforcements =771.2 mm
Area CG Stress Force Moment (KN-
Sl no Section Strain
(mm2) (mm) (MPa) (KN) m)
1 1 4712 72.0 0.0031 421.40 1985.8 3828.7
2 2 4241 843.2 -0.0017 -344.66 -1461.7 -1690.9
3 3 4241 1614.4 -0.0065 -434.78 -1844.0 -711.0
4 4 4241 2385.6 -0.0113 -434.78 -1844.0 711.0
5 5 4241 3156.8 -0.0161 -434.78 -1844.0 2133.1
5 5 4712 3928.0 -0.0208 -434.78 -2048.9 3950.2
Total 26389 -7057 8221
TOTAL CAPACITY OF THE SECTION
FORCE= 5254 kN MOMENT= 28739 kNm

Biaxial Check
As per Eq 8.3 of IRC:112-2011 (Page-75)
(MEdx/MRdx)a+(MEdy/MRdy)a<= 1.0 NEd = Design axial force
MEdx = Design moment in longitudnal direction MEdy= Design moment in Transverse direction
MRdx = Resisting moment in longitudnal direction MRdy = Resisting moment in Transverse direction
NRd = Design axial resistance = Ac x fcd + As x fyd = 91388.2 kN
NEd/NRd 0.1 0.7 1
a 1 1.5 2

SL. MEdx MEdy MRdx MRdy (MEdx/MRdx)a+

Vertical Load (kN) NED/NRD a Check
No. (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m) (MEdy/MRdy)a
1 8841 1676 6877 10617 35049 0.10 1.000 0.35 <1 O.K.
2 5254 7405 8871 11072 28739 0.06 1.000 0.98 <1 O.K.
3 5254 7405 8871 11072 28739 0.06 1.000 0.98 <1 O.K.
Hence Section of column is O.K. in ULS case for 0.440 % long reinforcement

Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)

Load Case V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m) Meq (kN-m)

Rare Combination
1 6292.1 430.2 -72.3 743.2 4584.6 4644.4
2 (a) 6289.9 335.4 -152.7 690.6 4592.9 4644.6
2 (b) 4396.3 335.4 -154.9 2816.1 10.9 2816.1

Stress check for Servicibility Limit State Uniaxial check

Reinforcement
Hence provide main reinforcement = 27 Nos. 20 T at earth face
= 27 Nos. 20 T at river side
= 30 Nos. 20 T
and Lateral ties 32 X 12 T @ 125 c/c
2X 12 T @ 125 c/c
Asc provided = 26389 mm2
Percentage of steel= 0.44 %

Page No. 5 of 18
 a Load Data
Axial Force (P) 4396.3 kN
Moment about major axis (M) 2816.1 kN-m
b Material Data
Grade of Concrete M30
Grade of Steel Fe500
Permissible axial compressive stress in concrete (scc) 10.8 Mpa
Permissible bending tensile stress in concrete (sct) 1.293 Mpa
Permissible bending compressive stress in concrete (scb) 14.40 Mpa
Permissible tensile stress in steel (sst) 300 Mpa
Modular Ratio 12.38
c Geometric data
Clear cover (d'') 50.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+f/2) (compression) 72.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+f/2) (tension) 92.00 mm
Width of column (B) 4000.00 mm
Depth of column (D) 1500.00 mm
Bar Diameter (f) 20.00 mm
Number of bars along width (compression) 27.00 Nos.
Reinforcement area (Ast) 8482.30 mm2
Bar Diameter (f) 20.00 mm
Number of bars along width (tensile) 27 Nos.
2
Reinforcement area (Ast) 8482.30 mm
Reinforcement % 0.28 (Not Ok)
Min reinforcement % 0.800
d Properties of uncracked section
2
Cross-sectional area of uncracked section 6.19E+06 mm
Moment of inertia of uncracked section 1.21E+12 mm4
Calculated direct compressive stress (sco,cal) 0.71 Mpa
Calculated bending compressive stress (scb,cal) 1.74 Mpa
Interaction formula :
sco,cal / sco + scb,cal / scb  1.0 0.19 (Ok)
Resultant compressive stress in concrete (sct,cal) -1.03 Mpa
Design the section as uncracked section
e Properties of cracked section
Neutral axis depth (n) 676.52 mm
Effective area of cracked section 2907634 mm2
Eccentricity of load from the centroid of the effective section 381.22 mm
Net eccentricity 259.34 mm
Effective moment of inetria of cracked section 2.321E+11 mm4
Calculated distance of neutral axis below CGeff (ycal) 307.74 mm
Assumed distance of neutral axis below CGeff (yassumed) 307.74 mm
ycal-yassum 0.00
Stress at neutral axis 0.00
f Check for stress
Compressive stress in concrete (scbc) 3.32 Mpa < 14.40 (Safe)
Tensile stress in steel (ssbt) -45.71 Mpa < 300.00 (Safe)

Stress check for Servicibility Limit State

Vertical load (kN) Long Neutral axis Compress Tensile
moment (m) ive Stress stress
Rare Combination (kN-m) (Mpa) (Mpa)

1.0 6292.09 743.2 1944 2 5

2.0 6289.90 690.6 1944 2 5
3.0 4396.29 2816.1 677 3 -46

Page No. 6 of 18
 Load Combination at bottom of Pile cap for detemination of pile capacity

Load Case V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m)

1 (a) 6292.1 430.2 -72.3 743.2 4584.6

1 (b) 6289.9 335.4 -152.7 690.6 4592.9
1 (c) 4396.3 335.4 -154.9 2816.1 10.9

Calculation of Pile Load by rivet theory Heq = sqrt(HL^2+HT^2)

Total No. of Pile = 6 Layout of Pile
Spacing in tran 6.00 Pile cap-tran 7.3 m
Spacing in long 3.00 Pile cap-long 4.3 m 1 2 3

Pile No. Trans T Long L N sum(T^2) sum(L^2) -3.00, 1.50 0.00, -1.50 -3.00, -1.50

Transverse Spacing
1 3.00 -1.50 1 9.00 2.25 L
T
2 0.00 -1.50 1 0.00 2.25
3.00, 1.50 3.00, -1.50
3 -3.00 -1.50 1 9.00 2.25 0.00, 1.50

4 3.00 1.50 1 9.00 2.25 4 5 6

5 0.00 1.50 1 0.00 2.25
6 -3.00 1.50 1 9.00 2.25 Longitudinal Spacing
Total = 6 36.00 13.50
Sl. Load s & Moments Horz. Load on Vertical Load on respective pile
each pile
No. V Heq ML MT 1 2 3 4 5 6
i) Normal case
1 (a) 6292.1 436.2 743.2 4584.6 72.7 1348.1 966.1 584.1 1513.3 1131.3 749.2
1 (b) 6289.9 368.5 690.6 4592.9 61.4 1354.3 971.6 588.8 1507.8 1125.0 742.3
1 (c) 4396.3 369.4 2816.1 10.9 61.6 420.7 419.8 418.9 1046.5 1045.6 1044.7

Maximum or Minimum loads on pile and comparison

Max Load on Pile in Normal Case = 1513.3 kN OK
Max lateral load on Pile in Normal Case = 72.7 kN OK
Vertical load carring Capacity of pile in Normal Case = = 2750.0 kN
Vertical load carring Capacity of pile in WL/SL Case = = 3437.5 kN
Uplift Capacity of pile = 1000.0 kN
Lateral load carring Capacity of pile in Normal Case = = 120.0 kN OK
Lateral load carring Capacity of pile in WL/SL Case = = 150.0 kN

Required Vertical capacity of Pile = 1513.3 kN Say, 1550 kN

Required lateral capacity capacity of Pile in Normal case = 72.7 Say, 75 kN

L 4T

Page No. 7 of 18
 Load Combination at Top of Pile cap - Servicibility limit State & Ultimate limit State

Load Case V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m)

1 (a) 8840.8 645.3 -109.3 1114.9 6877.0
Normal
Case
1 (b) 5254.1 645.3 -111.4 7404.7 8870.6
1 (c) 5254.1 645.3 -108.4 7404.7 8870.6

Calculation of Pile Load by rivet theory in ULS case

Total No. of Pile = 6 Layout of Pile
Spacing in tran 6.00 Pile cap-tran 7.30 m
Spacing in long 3.00 Pile cap-long 4.30 m
1 2 3
Pile No. Trans T Long L N sum(T^2) sum(L^2)

Transverse Spacing
3.00, -1.50 0.00, -1.50 -3.00, -1.50
1 3.00 -1.50 1 9.00 2.25
L
2 0.00 -1.50 1 0.00 2.25 T
3 -3.00 -1.50 1 9.00 2.25 0.00, 1.50 -3.00, 1.50
3.00, 1.50
4 3.00 1.50 1 9.00 2.25
5 0.00 1.50 1 0.00 2.25 4 5 6
6 -3.00 1.50 1 9.00 2.25
Longitudinal Spacing
Total = 6 36.00 13.50
Heq = sqrt(HL^2+HT^2)
Sl. Load s & Moments Horz. Load Vertical Load on respective pile
on each
No. V Heq ML MT 1 2 3 4 5 6
pile H
i) Ultimate limit State
1 (a) 8841 654.5 1114.9 6877.0 109.1 1922.7 1349.6 776.5 2170.4 1597.3 1024.3
1 (b) 5254 654.8 7404.7 8870.6 109.1 792.1 52.9 -686.3 2437.6 1698.4 959.2
1 (c) 5254 654.3 7404.7 8870.6 109.1 792.1 52.9 -686.3 2437.6 1698.4 959.2
11.3.3
As per IS:2911(PartI/Sec2)
D= Dia of pile = 1.00 m L1 = Free length of pile = 1.200 m
E= Modulus of Elasticity of plie
= 32308250 kN/m2 I= p*D4/64 = 0.049 m4
N value = 100.00 K1 = Constant = 8000 kN/m2
T= (EI/K1)1/5 = 2.88
L1/T= = 0.42 Lf/T= (from fig.2 of Appendix B) = 1.95
Depth of Fixity(Lf)= = 5.62 m
(L1+Lf)= = 6.82 m
Moment (MF) for fixed head piles, refer Appendix B of IS:2911MF = Q*(L1+Lf)/2xm m = 0.85

Deflection at pile tip

2
Deflection of pile , Y = ax +bx+c Parabolic equation Pile top level
where x=length of pile from fixed position 1.200
where x=0 c= 0 and dy/dx = 0 b=0 Scour level
2
Deflection of pile , Y = ax where, x= 5.62 m = y 0.01 10.700
a= 0.000317 5.62
Deflection at pile tip = 0.036293 m 36 mm for x = 10.700
Vertical load (kN) Lateral load Moment
Sl. No.
Max Min (kN) (kN-m)

i) Ultimate limit State

1 2170.4 776.5 109.1 316.0
2 2437.6 -686.3 109.1 316.2
3 2437.6 -686.3 109.1 315.9

Page No. 8 of 18
Design of Pier in Ultimate Limit State
1. Material data
[a] Concrete data (parabolic rectangular stress-strain relation)
Characteristic strength = 35.0 MPa E value of concrete = 32308 MPa
Peak strain at failure ecu2 = 0.0035 Strain at peak stress ec2 = 0.0020
Strength reduction a = 0.67 Partial factor of safety gc = 1.50
Design strength fcd = 15.61 MPa
[b] Reinforcement data (idealized elastic-perfectly plastic stress-strain relation)
Grade of steel = 500.0 MPa E value of steel = 200000 MPa
Partial factor of safety gs = 1.15 Design strength of steel fsd = 434.78 MPa
Yield strain of steel = 0.0022 Failure strain of steel = 0.1600
2. Geometric details
[a] Dimension detail of column
Actual column length = 10.70 m Effective length multiplier = 1.00
Diameter of section = 1000 mm Radius of gyration, i = 250.0 mm
Effective length of col l e = 10.70 m Slenderness ratio l = 42.80
[b] Reinforcement detail at column base (at potential plastic hinge location)
Diameter of long bars (L1) = 25.00 mm Number of long bars =9
= 25.00 mm =9
2
Area of long bars = 8836 mm Reinforcement % = 1.13 %
Diameter of spiral/hoop = 8.0 mm Spacing spiral/hoop S L = 150.0 mm
Mechanical reinf ratio w = 0.313 Normalized force ratio nu = 1.313
Cover to stirrups/ties = 75.0 mm Effective diameter of reinf. 809 mm
[c] Reinforcement detail above column base (outside of potential plastic hinge location)
Diameter of long bars (L1) = 8.0 mm Number of long bars = 18
2
Area of long bars = 905 mm Reinforcement % = 0.12 %
Diameter of spiral/hoop = 8.0 mm Spacing spiral/hoop S L = 150.0 mm
3. Computation of Demand points incorporating second order effects
[a] Parameters for limiting slenderness ratio
λlim value is given by as per Eq 11.1 of IRC 112-2011
λlim = 20 * A * B * C / SQRT (n) A = 1/( 1+0.2*φef)
As per Eq A2-14, 15, 16 of IRC 112-2011
φef = effective creep ratio = φ(∞,o) * Moeqp/Moed Moeqp = BM in SLS Moed = BM in ULS
φ(∞,o) = φo* β (∞,0) φo = φRH * β(fcm) *β (t0) β (∞,0) =1
φRH = 1+ (1-RH/100)/0.1*h0^1/3 RH = relative humidity = 70 %
h0 = 2*Ac/u 500 mm φRH = 1.38
β(fcm) = 18.78/sqrt(fcm) 2.80 β (t0) = 1/(0.1+to^0.2) 0.488
to = age in days of loading = 28 days So, φ0 = 1.884
φ(∞,o) = φo* β (∞,0) 1.884
Moeqp = 126.4 kNm Moed = 316.0 kNm
So, φef = 0.75 So , A = 0.869

B = SQRT( 1+2w) 1.28 C = 1.7 - rm rm = 1

w= As*fyd/Ac*fcd = 0.313 C= 0.7
n= Ned/Ac*fcd 0.721 λlim = 20 * A * B * C / SQRT (n) 18.27
[b] Eccentricity due to slenderness
M2 = Ned * e2 Ned = Design Axial Force e2 = deflection = (1/r)*le^2/C
le = effective length = = 10.70 m C= 10
1/r = curvature = Kr* Kφ * 1/r0 kr= (nu-n)/(nu-nbal)<=1 ..Eq 11.9 of IRC 112-2011
nu = 1+w = = 1.313 n= NED/AcxfCD
nbal = = 0.4
Kφ = 1+ β * φ ef φ ef = = 0.75
β= 0.35+fck/200-λ/150= 0.240 The coefficient Kf = 1.18
1/r0 = fyd/(Es*0.45*d) = 0.0064 1/m

Page No. 9 of 18
 [c] Design bending moment
Load M 0Ed n = N ed /
N Ed (kN) l lim Kr e 2 (m) M Ed (kNm)
case (kNm) (A c f cd )
1 2170.42 316.02 0.18 36.88 1.00 0.086 503.12
2 2437.65 316.19 0.20 34.80 1.00 0.086 526.32
3 2437.65 315.95 0.20 34.80 1.00 0.086 526.08
1 776.51 316.02 0.06 61.65 1.00 0.000 316.02
2 -686.28 316.19 -0.06 0.00 1.00 0.086 257.03
3 -686.28 315.95 -0.06 0.00 1.00 0.086 256.79
d' = 87.000 mm d'/D = 0.087
Pt = 1.125 % Pt/fck = 0.032
[d] Capacity of bending moment
Load PU/ MU/ M Ed
N Ed (kN) M U (kNm) Check
case fckD^2 fckD^3 (kNm)
1 2170.42 0.062 0.059 2059 > 503.12 O.K. 1556
2 2437.65 0.070 0.059 2059 > 526.32 O.K. 1533
3 2437.65 0.070 0.059 2059 > 526.08 O.K. 1533
4 776.51 0.022 0.052 1828 > 316.02 O.K. 1512
5 -686.28 -0.020 0.042 1481 > 257.03 O.K. 1224
6 -686.28 -0.020 0.042 1481 > 256.79 O.K. 1225
Hence Section of column is O.K. in ULS case for1.125 % long reinforcement

Design of Pile in Servicibility Limit State

Outer Diameter of Column = 1000 mm
A, Area of pier = 0.785 m2
I, min = 0.049 m4
r, min = sqrt(I/A) = 0.250 m
Height of pier = 5.617 m
Effective length of pier 1.0L = 5.617 m
L/r = 22.47
Hence, this is short Column < 50 Hence O.K
Minimum percentage of longitudinal steel as per IRC 78:2014 = 0.4 %
Asc = 3141.59 mm2

Load Case V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m)

Rare Combination
1 6292.09 430.21 -72.25 743.24 4584.58
2 (a) 6289.90 335.37 -152.67 690.55 4592.94
2 (b) 4396.29 335.37 -154.93 ###### 10.88

Pile Load calculation by rivet theory in Serviceability Limit State

Total No. of Pile = 6
Spacing in tran 0.00 Pile cap-tran 1.50 m Layout of Pile
Spacing in long -3.00 Pile cap-long -1.50 m

Pile No. Trans T Long L N sum(T^2) sum(L^2)

1 3.00 -1.50 1 9.00 2.25 -3.00, 1.50 0.00, 1.50 3.00, 1.50
Transverse Spacing

2 0.00 -1.50 1 0.00 2.25

3 -3.00 -1.50 1 9.00 2.25
4 3.00 1.50 1 9.00 2.25 -3.00, -1.50 0.00, -1.50 3.00, -1.50
5 0.00 1.50 1 0.00 2.25
6 -3.00 1.50 1 9.00 2.25
Total = 6 36.00 13.50
Longitudinal Spacing
Heq = sqrt(HL^2+HT^2)
Sl. Load s & Moments Horz. Load Vertical Load on respective pile
on each
No. V Heq ML MT pile H 1 2 3 4 5 6
i) Servicibility Limit State
1 6292 436.2 743.2 4584.6 72.7 1348.1 966.1 584.1 1513.3 1131.3 749.2
2 (a) 6290 368.5 690.6 4592.9 61.4 1354.3 971.6 588.8 1507.8 1125.0 742.3
2 (b) 4396 369.4 2816.1 10.9 61.6 420.7 419.8 418.9 1046.5 1045.6 1044.7

Design Pile Load & moment in Servicibility Limit State

Vertical load (kN) Lateral load Moment (kN-
Sl. No.
Max Min (kN) m)
i) Servicibility Limit State
1 1513.3 584.1 72.7 210.6
2 (a) 1507.8 588.8 61.4 177.9
2 (b) 1046.5 418.9 61.6 178.4

Page No. 10 of 18
Confinment Reinforcement
Hence provide main reinforcement =9 Nos. 25 T
=9 Nos. 25 T
and Lateral ties 8T @ 150 c/c for bottom 1000 mm
8T @ 150 c/c due to ductile detailing
Asc provided = 8835.7293 mm2
Percentage of steel = 1.125 % Hence O.K
11.4.4 Flexure design of Pile in Servicibility Limit State
(b) Material Data
Grade of Concrete M35
Grade of Steel Fe500
Permissible bending tensile stress in concrete (sct) 1.29 Mpa
Permissible bending compressive stress in concrete (scb) 16.80 Mpa
Permissible tensile stress in steel (sst) 300.00 Mpa
Es 200000 Mpa
Creep Coefficient, f= 1 E of concrete 32308 MPa
Ec, eff =Ecm /(1+f) 16154 MPa
Modular Ratio 12.38
(c) Geometric data
Clear cover (d'') = = 75.0 mm Effective cover (d'=d''+f/2) = 95.5 mm
Diameter of column (d) = 1000 mm
Bar Diameter (f) 25 mm Number of bars 9 Nos.
Bar Diameter (f) 25 mm Number of bars 9 Nos.
2
Reinforcement area (Ast) = 8835.73 mm Reinforcement % 1.125
Min reinforcement % 0.400 (Ok)
2
Cross-sectional area of uncracked section 885955 mm
4
Moment of inertia of uncracked section 6.554E+10 mm
Stress check
Angle at centre Dist. bet.
Comp. Bending of the circle centre of
Load Meq Neutral axis (rad) cracked
V (kN) stress stress Check
Case (kN-m) depth (n) section to
(Mpa) (Mpa) centre of circle
(m)
1 584.05 210.63 2.27 -0.95 Uncracked section 535.3 3.28 193.25
2 (a) 588.84 177.92 2.02 -0.69 Uncracked section 602.0 3.55 158.27
2 (b) 418.91 178.38 1.83 -0.89 Uncracked section 485.0 3.08 220.36

Page No. 11 of 18
 Cross- M.I. of Eff.area of Eff. M.I. of
Net
Load sectional area cracked cracked Eccentricity cracked Calculated NA
Yassumed (mm)
ycal-yassum
eccentric
Case of cracked section section (mm)
ity (mm)
section (mm) (mm)
section (mm2) (mm4) (mm2) (mm4)

1 427990 8.574E+09 528547 156.49 204.15 2.0697E+10 191.81 191.81 0.00 535
2 (a) 494006 1.252E+10 594563 131.50 170.65 2.3694E+10 233.52 233.52 0.00 602
2 (b) 377654 6.204E+09 478211 174.02 251.78 1.9142E+10 158.98 158.98 0.00 485

Compressiv
Stress at Tensile
Load e stress in
stress in
neutral axis
Case (Mpa)
concrete
steel (ssbt)
(scbc) Maximum compressive stress = 3.08 Mpa
1 0.000 3.08 -26.33 < 16.80 Mpa
2 0.000 2.55 -15.88 Hence O.K.
3 0.000 2.67 -28.62
Maximum tensile stress = -28.62 Mpa
< 300.00 Mpa
Hence O.K.

Page No. 12 of 18
12.0 Design of Pile cap
The design of pile cap has been based on the bending theory.
Dia of the pile , D = 1 m No. of piles = 6
Size of Pile cap Width along T-T = 7.30 m
Width along L-L= 4.30 m
Depth of earth over pile cap = 0.00 m Thickness of pilecap = 1.50 m
Clear cover = 75 mm Dia. of tranverse reinf. = 32 mm
Eff. depth for A-, = 1.397 m Dia. of longitudinal reinf. = 25 mm
Eff. depth for B-B = 1.369 m Dia. of re-bar used at top = 16 mm
Dia. of shear reinf. = 12 mm
3 3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m Unit weight of soil = 19 kN/m
A
0.65 3.00 3.00 0.65

Layout of Pile

0.65
4
1 2 3
L
1.50
B B
Transverse Direction

1.500
T

1.50

4 5 6
6 0.65

Longitudinal Direction

4.000 A

Bending moment and shear force due to self weight of pile & earth fill
Along A-A Projected length from face of column for BM = 1.650 m
Projected length from face of column for Shear = 0.253 m
Downward Bending moment at A-A (incl. 15% submergence) = 206.3 kN-m
Downward Shear force at A-A (incl. 15% submergence) = 38.3 kN-m
Along B-B Projected length from face of column for BM = 1.400 m
Projected length from face of column for Shear = 0.031 m
Downward Bending moment at B-B (incl. 15% submergence) = 252.2 kN-m
Downward Shear force at B-B (incl. 15% submergence) = 0.0 kN-m
Summary Along A-A Along B-B
Load Case Factor
BM (kN-m) Shear (kN) BM (kN-m) Shear (kN)
ULS case 1.35 278.5 51.8 340.4 0.0
SLS case 1.00 206.3 38.3 252.2 0.0
Along A-A lever arm of pile = 1.000 m
Along B-B lever arm of pile = 0.750 m

Page No. 13 of 18
12.1 Moment & shear force on pile cap
Shear at
Effective load for B-B Moment at Shear at Effective load for A-A
Moment at A-A dist D
Sl. No. B-B (kN- dist D at
(kN-m) at A-A
Pile 1 Pile 2 m) B-B (kN) Pile3 Pile4 (kN)
i) Ultimate limit State
1 (a) 3767.8 1024.3 3315.5 0.00 1922.7 2170.4 3814.6 0.00
1 (b) 4136.1 959.2 3542.9 0.00 52.9 2437.6 2212.0 0.00
1 (c) 4136.1 959.2 3542.9 0.00 52.9 2437.6 2212.0 0.00
3542.9 0.0 3814.6 0.0
ii) Servicibility limit State
1 2644.6 749.2 2293.2 0.00 1348.1 1513.3 2655.1 0.00
2 (a) 2632.8 742.3 2279.2 0.00 1354.3 1507.8 2655.8 0.00
2 (b) 2092.1 1044.7 2100.5 0.00 420.7 1046.5 1260.9 0.00
Maximum moment & shear 2293.2 0.0 2655.8 0.0

12.2 Check for ultimate strength of girder in Flexure :-

Consider rectangular beam for design of cross girder.
4300 0.00350 13.40
3728 kN
80.28
NA NA
1397

0.0574 3728 kN
Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
Along section A-A
Grade Concrete = M30 Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of the section = 4300 mm Depth of the section = 1500 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm Main dia of bar used = 32 mm
Dia of shear reinf. = 12 mm Effective depth, d = 1397 mm
R = Mu/bd2 = 0.422 MPa Maximum Design Moment = 3543 kN-m
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck = 3.99 MPa Ast = 5928.0 mm2
Lower fractile tensile fctm = 1.94 MPa Where, Lower fractile tensile fctm
pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Min. reinforcement 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 7809.2 mm2
Hence provide 20 dia @ 150 c/c Ast = 8574.5 mm2
0 Nos. 150 c/c > Hence O.K.
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa Max strain in concrete = 0.0035
E of concrete = 32308 MPa Min strain in steel = 0.0042
Balanced neutral axis depth = 637.1 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 80.28 mm
Strain in steel = 0.057409 Stress in steel = 434.8 MPa
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok
Total ultimate compressive force = 3728 kN Total ultimate tensile force = 3728 kN
Compressive force CG 33.39 mm Moment of resistance = 5084 kNm
> 3543 kNm Hence O.K.

Page No. 14 of 18
 i) Along section B-B ii) Along section A-A
Max Moment A-A 3542.9 3814.6
Width 4300 7300
Depth 1397 1369
R = Mu/bd2 0.42 0.28
pt 0.0010 0.0006
Minimum pt 0.0013 0.0013
Ast required for bending 7809.2 12987.1
Ast required for shear 0.0 0
Total Ast required 7809.2 12987.1
1st layers 20 dia 16 dia
Reinf provided 150 c/c 150 c/c
2nd layers 0 dia 0 dia
150 c/c 150 c/c
Ast provided 8574.5 9509.0
Actual NA 80 52
Strain in steel 0.0574 0.0878
Stress in steel 434.8 434.8
Total tension = 3728 4134
Total compression 3728 4134
Difference of force 0 0
Compressive force CG 33.4 21.8
Moment of resistance 5084 5568
Factor of Safety 1.435 1.460
pt, provised 0.00143 0.00095

11.3 Shear design

VRD= Design Shear Force of the concrete section = 0.0 kN
Vccd= Design component of Shear Force in the compression area due to inclined compression chord
Vtd= Design component of Shear Force in tensile reinforcement due to inclined tensile chord
VRd.s= Design value of Shear Force for yielding of vertical shear reinforcement
VRD= VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd Here, Vccd= Vtd = 0.0 kN
Hence, VRD= VRd.s
a) Design the section without shear reinforcement
VRD,C= Design Shear Resistance of the concrete section = [0.12K(80p1fck)^0.33+0.15sCP]bwd
Grade Concrete = M30 Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of beam = 4300 mm Effective depth, d = 1397 mm
K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 = 1.38 z = 1364 mm
vmin = 0.031K^1.5xfck^0.5 = 0.27 MPa p1 = Asl/bwd <=0.02 = 0.0014
sCP = = 0.00 MPa VRD,C = 1650.6 kN
Hence shearreinforcement Not required > 0.0 kN

Page No. 15 of 18
12.4 Punching Shear Stress Check
VED.red = Net applied Shear force for concentric loading = VED - DVED
VED = The applied Shear Force
DVED = The net Upward/downward force within the control perimeter considered
vED.red = Punching shear stress for concentric loading at control perimeter considered = VED.red /ud
Punching shear stress for ecentric loading at control perimeter considered = bVED.red /ud
Where, b= 1+k*MED*u/(VED.red*W) For internal circular column, b= 1+0.6*p(e/(D+4d)
u = The perimeter at control perimeter considered
D = The dimeter of Column
d = Effective depth of the section, for bothway reinforcement d = (dx+dy)/2
MED = Moment of the column
e = the ecentricity = MED / VED.red
VRD= Punching Shear Resistance at control perimeter at distance a from face of column
[0.12K(80p1fck)^0.33*2d/a Subject to minimum vmin*2d/a
Where, K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 vmin = 0.031K^1.5xfck^0.5
p1 = Asl/bwd <=0.02 fck = Grade of concrete M30
vRd.max = 1/2*v*fcd Where, v= 0.6*(1-fck/310) fcd = = 15.6 Mpa

12.4.1 The pier base - punching shear stress check 7300

a) At the column perimeter vED < vRd.max
From ULS load combination of pier base
VED max = 8841 kN cores. MED = 6877 kN-m
VED = 5254 kN cores. MEDmax = 8871 kN-m
d (avg)= 1383 mm DVED = 258 kN 4300 1200
VED.red1= 9099 kN e1 = 0.76 m
VED.red2= 5512 kN e2 = 1.61 m
u = 3770 mm vRd.max = 4.236 Mpa
vED1 = 3.818 Mpa vED2 = 3.730 Mpa
< 4.236 Mpa < 4.236 Mpa Hence o.k.

b) At distance d of column face

Eff. Dia of control section D+2xd = 3965.5 mm > 4300.0 mm
So, one way shear governs.

Page No. 16 of 18
12.4.2 Edge pile - punching shear stress check Diameter of pile = 1200 mm
a) At the pile perimeter From ULS load combination of pile
VED max = 2438 kN DVED = 19 kN d (avg)= 1383 mm
VED.red = 2419 kN MED = 316 kN-m e = 0.13 m
u = 2142 mm vRd.max = 4.236 Mpa
vED1 = 0.984 Mpa < 4.236 Mpa Hence o.k.

b) At distance 1200mm from pile perimeter Eff. Diameter = 3600 mm

VED max = 2438 kN DVED = 136 kN d (avg)= 1383 mm
VED.red = 2302 kN MED = 316 kN-m e = 0.14 m
u1 = 4027 mm K = 1.38 p1 = 0.002
vRd = [0.12K(80p1fck)^0.33*2d/a = 0.609 Mpa b= u1/u2= 0.933
vED1 = 0.386 Mpa < 0.609 Mpa Hence o.k.

12.5. Servicebility limit State Method

12.5.1. Stress Check Along section A-A Design moment = 2293.2 kN-m
Grade Concrete = M30 Grade of steel = Fe 500
Bending Compression of concrete = 14.40 Mpa fctm = Mean tensile strength of concrete = 1.94 Mpa
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa E of concrete = 32308 MPa
Creep Coefficient, f = 1 Ec, eff =Ecm /(1+f) = 16154 MPa
Modular ratio =Es/Ecm = 12.38 Tensile stress of steel = 400 Mpa
Width of Section = 4300 mm Depth of Section = 1500 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm Effective depth, d = 1397 mm
0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd
Minimum reinforcement = 7809.23 mm2
Hence provide 20 dia @ 150 c/c Ast = 8574.5 mm2
0 dia Nos. 150 c/c > Hence O.K.
Balanced neutral axis depth = = 430.69 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 239.11 mm
Strain in steel = 0.00102 MPa Stress in steel = 203.0 MPa
Strain in steel = 0.00079 MPa Comp. stress of concrete = 3.39 Mpa
Stress-strain diagram at Serviceability Limit State condition
0.00021 3.39
1740.81
239.1
NA NA

1740.81
0.00102
Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok =
Total compressive force = 1740.81 kN Total tensile force = 1740.81 kN
Compressive force CG = 79.70 mm Moment of resistance = 2293.17 kNm

Page No. 17 of 18
 Along Section B_B Along Section A-A
Description 1 1
h or D 1500 1500
b 7300 4300
d 1397 1368.5
Moment 2293.17 2655.8
Reinf provided 20 dia 16 dia
150 c/c 150 c/c
0 dia 0 dia
150 c/c 150 c/c
Ast provided 8574.5 9509.0
Stress in concrete 2.5 3.9
Actual NA 188 248
Stress in steel 200.4 217.2
Total ultimate tensile force = 1718 2065
Total ultimate compressive force 1718 2065
Difference of force 0 0
Compressive force CG 62.5 82.6
Moment of resistance 2293 2656
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0

12.6. Side face reinforcement

Minimum main reinf. 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 1816.1 mm2/m
Minimum tranverse reinforcement Longitudinal direction = 0.0 mm2/m
Tranverse direction = 234.9 mm2/m
As per clause 16.5.4 (4) of IRC-112:2011,the area of surface reinforcement is 0.01 Act ext.
Where Act ext is the area of cover = 750.0 mm2
Hence provide top reinforcement both direction16 dia @ 150 c/c Ast = 2680.8 mm2/m
Side face reinf. 0.1% bd = 1397.0 mm2/m
Hence provide side face reinforcement 16 dia @ 150 c/c Ast = 1745.2 mm2
Reinforcement details
Bottom Tranverse direction 20 dia @ 150 c/c
Bottom Longitudinal direction 16 dia @ 150 c/c
Top reinforcement both direction 16 dia @ 150 c/c
16 dia @ 150 c/c
Side face reinforcement 16 dia @ 200 c/c

Page No. 18 of 18