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07.number System

Number systems represent numbers in different bases, with the most common being decimal (base-10), binary (base-2), hexadecimal (base-16), and octal (base-8). Different number systems use different sets of numerals, such as binary using only 0s and 1s. Converting between number systems involves calculating the place values of each digit based on the base.

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55 views

07.number System

Number systems represent numbers in different bases, with the most common being decimal (base-10), binary (base-2), hexadecimal (base-16), and octal (base-8). Different number systems use different sets of numerals, such as binary using only 0s and 1s. Converting between number systems involves calculating the place values of each digit based on the base.

Uploaded by

ksav yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Number System

Objectives

Number Number Introduction to


Systems Conversion Subnetting
NUMBER SYSTEM

BINARY DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL OCTAL


Introduction: What is a Number System?
• You probably already know what a number system is - ever hear of binary numbers or hexadecimal
numbers?

• Simply put, a number system is a way to represent numbers.

• We are used to using the base-10 number system, which is also called decimal.

• Other common number systems include base-16 (hexadecimal), base-8 (octal), and base-2 (binary).
Decimal number system
• Decimal number system, also called Hindu-Arabic, or Arabic,
number system, in mathematics, positional numeral
system employing 10 as the base and requiring 10 different
numerals, the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

• 100 = 10 x 10 OR 102

• 1000= 10 x 10 x 10 OR 103

• Minimum Value is 0, Maximum value is 255


Binary System
• In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary
number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral
system or binary numeral system, which uses only two
symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one)

• In networking binary is taken as 8 bits

• Minimum value is 00000000 which is 0 in decimal

• Maximum value is 11111111 which is 255 in decimal


Counting in Binary
Hexadecimal System
• In mathematics and computing, hexadecimal (also base 16, or hex) is a positional numeral system with
a radix, or base, of 16. It uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols 0–9 to represent values
zero to nine, and A, B, C, D, E, F (or alternatively a, b, c, d, e, f) to represent values ten to fifteen.
Octal System
• The octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7

• It is represented in series of 8 digits

• 0 -7, 10 -17, 20-27, 30-37…….. 70-77,100-177,200-277……..


NUMBER CONVERSION
Binary to Decimal
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
= 227
128 + 64 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 252
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 = 239
• Binary 1 means the bit is ON and it has to be calculated

• Binary 0 means the bit is off and does not need to be calculated
Decimal to Binary

2 200 0 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
2 100 0
2 50. 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 = 200
2 25. 1
2 12 0
2 6 .0
.
2 3. 1
1 1 3 7 15 31 62 125 250
1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
Binary to hexadecimal
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 = C8
C8

1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = FC
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 = EF
Binary to Octal
21 20 22 21 20 22 21 20
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 = C8
310

1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 374
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 = 357
Summary
• Different numbering systems
• Counting according to number systems
• IPv4 & IPv6 number systems
• Number conversion

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