Transitioning From Steady State To Dynamics 1
Transitioning From Steady State To Dynamics 1
from Steady State to Dynamics 1
© 2008 AspenTech – All Rights reserved.
EB1017.065.07
02_TransitioningFromSteadyStateToDynamics.doc
2 Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics
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Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics 3
Workshop
This module examines the process of changing a Steady State simulation into a
Dynamic one. The process for doing this is not difficult and will become much easier
as you gain experience with dynamic simulations in Aspen HYSYS ® .
Starting with the steady state simulation model that you prepared in Module 1, you
will add the necessary equipment information and Flowsheet specifications to permit
dynamic simulation analyses.
Learning Objectives
Once you have completed this module, you will be able to:
· Size equipment
· Define pressure flow specifications
· Add controllers
· Add strip charts
· Run a simple dynamic simulation and observe the role of the various
controllers
Prerequisites
Before beginning this section you need to know how to:
· Add Streams
· Add Unit Operations
· Maneuver through the Aspen HYSYS interface
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4 Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics
Process Overview
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Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics 5
Design Dynamics
Aspen HYSYS Dynamics has been designed to permit a twotiered approach to
simulation. With numerous options to supply different levels of equipment design
and performance information, Aspen HYSYS Dynamics provides modeling
capabilities aimed at both process design and detailed design activity.
For the design activity simulation, users typically enter basic design information and
Aspen HYSYS Dynamics estimates reasonable defaults for the detailed equipment
information. Typically these basic design parameters can be found on the Design tab
of unit operations.
Figure 1
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6 Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics
The default equipment information estimated by Aspen HYSYS Dynamics is
highlighted with a red colour coding. Generally, this detailed information can be
found on the Rating tab of the unit operation property view.
Figure 2
In the next few modules we will focus on design dynamics in order to illustrate the
fundamental concepts underlying the use and configuration of Aspen HYSYS
Dynamics. In later modules we will expand the design dynamics model by
incorporating detailed equipment and performance information and explore the
detailed rating capabilities that Aspen HYSYS Dynamics provides.
We will begin this module by loading the case that was saved in the previous
Module, Feed Heater Train.hsc, and prepare the model for dynamic simulation
analyses.
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Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics 7
Upon opening the Property view of the Separator, Aspen HYSYS Dynamics will
indicate that this unit is missing some information necessary for dynamic simulation
analyses. This is because the equipment is not sized. Equipment sizing is a very
important step in dynamic modeling.
Figure 3
Reload the case if you clicked the Dynamics Mode icon.
Before a transition from Steady State to Dynamics occurs, the simulation Flowsheet
should be set up so that a pressure gradient exists across the plant.
Flow in the plant occurs as
a result of the pressure
This pressure gradient is necessary because the flow in Aspen HYSYS Dynamics is
flow relationships between determined by the pressure gradient throughout the plant. No pressure gradient
nodes. means no flow.
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8 Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics
The following areas should be examined when setting up a simulation in Steady
State and transitioning to Dynamics:
More information on these
steps can be found in 1. Adding Unit Operations such as valves
Aspen HYSYS Dynamic
Modeling Manual, Section
1.5.2. 2. Equipment Sizing
3. Adjusting Column Pressure
4. Logical Operations
5. Adding Control Operations
6. Entering the Aspen HYSYS Dynamic Environment
7. Adding PressureFlow Specifications
8. Troubleshooting
These eight areas will now be examined as we convert our Steady State simulation
into a Dynamic one.
Which stream in this case has no pressure flow relation and will need an additional unit
operation?
____________________________________________________________________________
Equipment Sizing
All unit operations in the simulation need to be sized using actual plant equipment or
predefined sizing techniques. Vessels should be sized to accommodate actual plant
flowrates and pressures while maintaining acceptable residence times.
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Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics 9
· Linear valve type
· 50% valve opening
· User specified pressure drop
· Current flowrate
Aspen HYSYS Dynamics calculates the Cv that will allow the valve to pass 100% of
the upstream flow rate through the valve at the design valve opening position.
In this instance the Size Valve calculation determines that a Cv of approximately
419.1 will pass 1.169e5kg/hr (2.577e5lb/hr) when the valve is 50% open with a
pressure drop of 70 kPa (10 psi).
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10 Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics
· 10 minutes is typically a
suitable residence time
for liquid phase hold
ups.
· 2 minutes is typically a
suitable residence time
for vapor phase hold
ups.
Unlike the Separator, a
number of unit operations
have equipment volumes
that are defaulted – for
example heat exchangers,
coolers and heaters. When
adding these unit
operations to your
Flowsheet, care should be
taken to ensure that
reasonable equipment
volumes are specified.
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Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics 11
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12 Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics
Save your case as: FHTSizing.hsc.
Save your case!
Some rules to remember:
Aspen HYSYS Dynamics
provides users with a great In the table on the following page are some rules that will help guarantee a
deal of flexibility in making consistent, properly specified Flowsheet all the time.
pressure flow specifications
to tackle challenging
simulation problems. As
such there are a number of
different combinations of
pressureflow
specifications that will lead
to a consistent solution and
solve the process
Flowsheet.
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Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics 13
Dynamics Specifications
Boundary Streams Insert a valve on all boundary streams
(feed/product streams) within the
Flowsheet that are not connected to
conductance devices (i.e., heat
exchangers, coolers, heaters)
Pressure Specifications Place a pressure specification on all
boundary streams (feed/product streams)
within the Flowsheet.
Distillation Columns Distillation columns with condensers
require an extra specification around the
condenser. Make a flow specification for
the reflux flow.
Valves Use the ‘pressure/flow relationship’ as
the dynamic specification for a valve.
K value Use the ‘overall K value’ as the dynamic
specification for coolers, heaters, and
heat exchangers and LNG exchangers.
Pressure gradients Be sure to account for pressure gradients
throughout the Flowsheet. Moreover, be
sure to specify reasonable pressure
drops/rises in the Flowsheet. Pressure
differentials are the driving force for flow
through the process Flowsheet.
Tray Sizing Use the tray sizing utility to estimate the
column geometry and pressure profile.
Mixers Use the Equalize All option as the
pressure specification for mixers.
Tees Remove Use Splits as Dynamic Flow
Specs on tees.
Rotating Equipment Use Efficiency and either Head or
Pressure Rise as dynamic specifications
(Pumps, Compressors, Expanders) for rotating Equipment. Compressor and
Pump Curves, if available, make
excellent dynamic specifications.
Holdups Be sure to properly size equipment with
hold ups.
Dynamic specifications can only be modified when the integrator is stopped.
Once the integrator is started the value of the dynamic specification can be
changed (its value appears in blue), but the choice of dynamic specification
cannot be changed.
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What Cv does Aspen HYSYS calculate for VLV102?
_____________________________________
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Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics 15
Make sure that only the
pressure specification is
active. If the Flow
specification is active, click
the active box to remove
this specification.
Also note that it is usually a
good idea to use Dynamic
P/F specs as the colour
2. On the Dynamics tab of streams Sep Vap 1, ShellIn, ShellOut and ColFeed
scheme select the Pressure Specification by checking the box. Again, in each instance
make sure that only the Pressure Specification is Active.
4. Once the k values for the shell/tube side have been calculated, remove the delta
P specification and activate the k (conductance) specification.
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Save your case!
Now open up case Feed Heater Train.hsc, bring up dynamic assistant and review the
recommended changes by the assistant and compare them to what you just did in
case FHTSpecs.hsc. Click the “Make Changes” button to accept the changes and
confirm your findings.
What it does on the Separator? _____________________________________
What it does on the pump? _____________________________________
What else? _____________________________________
Summary
Integrator Active icon 1. Pressure specifications have been made on all Boundary streams. NO pressure
(green)
or flow specifications have been made on the internal Flowsheet streams (i.e.,
To Sep, Pump Out, ProcessIn, ProcessOut). Open the property view for any
one of these streams to verify that this is so.
2. Resistance to flow specifications (Pressure Flow Relations) have been selected
for Valves (automatic by Aspen HYSYS Dynamics). Open the property view
DynamicsSpecs tab to verify that this is correct.
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Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics 17
3. Conductance specifications have been made on process equipment (Heat
Exchanger, Heater).
1. Create a Strip Chart called Feed System. From the Menu Bar, select Tools
Databook, or press the hot key CTRL D.
3. Add the following three variables:
· NGL Feed Mass Flow
· SepVap1 Mass Flow
· ColFeed Mass Flow
7. Aspen HYSYS installs the new Strip Chart and automatically names it. In this
case, the name is DataLogger1.
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9. In the Individual Strip Chart Data Selection group box, check the Active check
box for the variables:
· NGL Feed Mass Flow
· Sep Vap 1 Mass Flow
· ColFeed Mass Flow
Figure 9
10. To view existing Strip Charts, use one of the following methods:
· Highlight the Strip Chart name in the Available Strip Charts group and click
the Strip Chart button in the View group.
· Doubleclick the name of the Strip Chart.
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Figure 10
If the integrator is running, you should see the Mass Flows of the streams updating.
13. Create a second strip chart called Heat Exchanger and insert the following
variables on this Strip Chart:
All strip chart variables · ProcessIn Mass Flow
must be added to the
Databook before they are · ProcessIn Temperature
available to the strip chart.
However, there are two
· ProcessOut Temperature
approaches to adding
variables to databook and
· ShellIn Mass Flow
strip charts at the same
time:
· ShellIn Temperature
· Variables can be · ShellOut Temperature
dragged and dropped
onto an active strip chart
from the parent object. Modifying Strip Chart Parameters
· Each unit operation has
a strip chart section on Rightclick the Strip Chart to open the Strip Chart Graph Control view, from which
the Dynamics tab. A you can edit the Strip Chart parameters.
user can “Quick Create”
a strip chart using a pre
defined subset of
variables.
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Controllers
Controllers can be added to the Flowsheet using the same methods as for other unit
operations. The PID Controller button on the palette represents this unit operation.
Once the Controller has been added to the Flowsheet:
1. Make the necessary connections for the Process Variable Source and Output
Target Object.
2. Select the Minimum and Maximum values for the Process Variable. These
values should bracket all possible PV values.
4. Select Controller Action, Reverse or Direct.
5. Input Controller Tuning Parameters.
6. If desired, choose the mode of the controller, Off, Manual, or Automatic.
Connections
Controller Name NGLFC
Process Variable Source To Sep, Actual Volume Flow
Output Target Object VLV100, Actuator Desired Position
Parameters
Action Reverse
PV Minimum 0 kg/h (0 lb/hr)
PV Maximum 1500 m3/h
Mode Auto
OP 50%
Kc 0.1
TI 0.2 minutes
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Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics 21
Connections
Controller Name FlarePC
Process Variable Source Separator, Vessel Pressure
Output Target Object VLV102, Actuator Desired Position
Parameters
Action Direct
PV Minimum 135 kPa (20 psia)
PV Maximum 415 kPa (60 psia)
Mode Auto
SP 310 kPa (45 psia)
Kc 2.0
TI 2.0 Minutes
Connections
Controller Name SeparatorLC
Process Variable Source Separator, Liquid Percent Level
Output Target Object VLV101, Actuator Desired Position
Parameters
Action Direct
PV Minimum 0%
PV Maximum 100%
Mode Auto
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Controller Settings
SP 50%
Kc 2.0
TI 10 Minutes
6. Insert a face plate for SeparatorLC.
Controller Name HeaterTC
Process Variable Source ColFeed, Temperature
Output Target Object HeaterQ, Control Valve
Control Valve
Duty Source Direct Q
Minimum Available 0 kJ/h (0 Btu/hr)
Maximum Available 2.0e7 kJ/h (1.9e7 Btu/hr)
Parameters
Action Reverse
PV Minimum 15°C (60°F)
PV Maximum 80°C (180°F)
Mode Auto
SP 50°C (120°F)
Kc 5
TI 20 Minutes
8. Insert a face plate for HeaterTC.
If you are already in Dynamics mode, start the Integrator. Otherwise, enter the
Dynamics mode, and start the Integrator. Observe the Feed System strip chart. Let
the Integrator run for a few minutes.
Does the System achieve a Steady State solution? ___________________________________
Save your case as: FHTDyn1.hsc.
Save your case!
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Transitioning from Steady State to Dynamics 23
Exercise 1
Experiment with the Separator by increasing or decreasing the Flowrate or
temperature to the vessel. Observe the effect that a change in Flowrate has on the
vessel pressure.
If the separator feed flow increases with the product flowrates (vapor and
liquid) remaining unchanged, the level (holdup), temperature (enthalpy) and
pressure of the vessel must all change from the steady state condition.
Exercise 2
Add a disturbance to the Feed and vary its frequency. See what affect the size of the
Separator has at attenuating the disturbance. In steady state we are not concerned
with separator volume. If improper sizes are used in a dynamic simulation it can lead
to processes that are difficult to control.
1. Add a transfer Function operation in order to create a disturbance.
2. Select OP as NGL Feed’s temperature
3. On configuration page of parameters tab:
5. In ranges section, assign OP min =0C, OP max = 100C
6. Click G(s) Enabled check box.
7. In Operational Parameters section, assign PV=15.
10. Set Amplitude = 10 and T (Period) = 5 minutes.
11. Start integrator and observe the charts.
12. Save the case as FHTDyn1 exe2.hsc
13. Reduce Separator’s volume until output curves show spikes indicating
controller saturation and system instability.
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Flow Liquid In – Flow Liquid Out = Liquid Accumulation (holdup)
an increase in the feed liquid Flowrate with a constant liquid product Flowrate results
in the liquid level (holdup) increasing.
1. As above,
Challenges
1. Change the Feed Flowrate and see how the control strategy handles the
disturbance.
2. Change the Feed composition and see how the control strategy handles the
disturbance.
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