The History of The United States
The History of The United States
The History of The United States
(UNICARIBE)
COURSE
CONVERSACION INGLESA
TOPIC
SUSTAINERS
TEACHER
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1
Geographic location..............................................................................................4
Population.............................................................................................................8
Rural population....................................................................................................8
Urban population..................................................................................................8
Culture..................................................................................................................9
Source.................................................................................................................13
Gastronomy........................................................................................................14
Tourism...............................................................................................................16
Education............................................................................................................17
History.................................................................................................................19
CONCLUTION....................................................................................................20
RECOMMENDATION.........................................................................................21
BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................22
INTRODUCTION
The history of the United States of North America is one of the most interesting
of all time, since from it the different setbacks, difficulties and setbacks that its
inhabitants have had to go through to consolidate what is today the most
important nation can be appreciated. powerful of the planet. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, it must also be remembered that they have had extremely important
victories in most of their feats, they have had great statesmen and pro-men who
have given the best of themselves to their country.
The present study aims to show American history since the beginning of the
20th century, going through the various junctures that characterized the
development of a thriving society and the approach that is intended to be given
is one through which the importance of leaders is evidenced. of American
society since the beginning of the century. Also, to begin with, emphasis will be
placed on one of the factors that contributed to the shaping of the country and
its scope.
The immigration that this country received is perhaps the most determining
factor in the progress achieved to date. Thanks to the flexible immigration policy
that characterized it between the second half of the 19th century and 1955,
around 40 million people entered the United States, constituting the largest
migratory flow in all of history. The main reasons why they decided to come to
American territory were poverty and the hope of a better life.
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The history of the states
The date of the beginning of the history of the United States is the subject of
debate among historians. The oldest textbooks begin with the arrival of
Christopher Columbus on October 12, 1492 or around 1600, with the arrival of
the ship Mayflower.
However, in recent
decades, American
schools and universities
have gone back in time
to include more
information about Native
Americans.
With 9.83 million km², and with more than 331 million inhabitants, the country is
in third or fourth place by total area, in fifth by contiguous area and in third place
by population. It is one of the nations with the most diversity of ethnicities and
cultures, a product of large-scale immigration.
2
planet, in addition to being a leader in scientific research and technological
innovation since the 19th century and, since the beginning of the 20th century,
the main industrial country. In PPP GDP, the US is the second largest
economy, behind China.
The continental United States was inhabited by various indigenous groups for
thousands of years. This aboriginal population was reduced by disease and war
after first contact with Europeans. The United States was founded by thirteen
British colonies, along the Atlantic coast. On July 4, 1776, they issued the
Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their right to self-determination
and the establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated
the British Empire in the war of independence, the first successful colonial war
of an independence character. The Constitution of the United States was
adopted on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the
states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of
Rights, which comprises ten constitutional amendments that guarantee many
fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.
In the nineteenth century, the United States acquired territories from France,
Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Russia, and Japan, in addition to annexing
the republics of Florida, Texas, California, and Hawaii. In the 1860s, disputes
between the conservative agrarian south and the progressive industrial north
over the rights of states and the abolition of slavery sparked the Civil War. The
northern victory prevented a permanent division of the country and led to the
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end of legal slavery. By the 1890s, the national economy was the largest in the
world and the Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed its status as a
military power. After World War II, it emerged as the first nuclear-armed country
and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.
During the Cold War, the United States fought in the Korean War and the
Vietnam War, but avoided direct military conflict with the Soviet Union. The two
superpowers competed in the Space Race, culminating in the 1969 space flight
that brought humans to the Moon for the first time. The end of the Cold War and
the dissolution of the Soviet Union left it as the only international superpower. In
the 21st century, the 9/11 attacks gave rise to the so-called war on terrorism,
and the rise of China and the return of Russia lead a New Cold War, while
events such as the economic crisis of 2008, the election of Trump as president
or protests over the death of George Floyd sparked internal social tensions.
The country accounts for two-fifths of world military spending and is a leading
economic, political and cultural force in the world.
Geographic location
Most of the country is located in the middle of North America - where its 48
contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the federal district are located -
between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. It borders Canada to the north and
Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent,
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bordered by Canada to the east, separated from Russia to the west by the
Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is a Polynesian archipelago in the middle of
the Pacific Ocean, and it is the only one of its states that is not in America. The
country has several unincorporated territories in the Caribbean Sea and in the
Pacific.
With 9.83 million km², 4 and with more than 331 million inhabitants, the country
is in third or fourth place by total area, in fifth by contiguous area and in third
place by population. It is one of the nations with the most diversity of ethnicities
and cultures, a product of large-scale immigration.
The United States is the second largest country in the American continent, after
Canada, and the fourth in the world, surpassed by Russia, Canada and China.
Located in the central strip of North America, it stretches from the Atlantic coast
to the Pacific coast. To the north it shares with Canada the longest unarmed
border in the world (8893 km) and to the south it borders Mexico. It is made up
of 48 contiguous states, plus Alaska, in the northwest, and the Hawaiian
Islands, in the Pacific.2 The major landforms in the United States are the
Appalachian Mountains System, the Western System, and the Interior Plains.
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Starting from the west, and behind the narrow coastal plains we find the Pacific
coastal ranges. It is a series of mountain ranges of about 2,000 kilometers in
length parallel to the coast. They have a modest altitude, from about 1,300 to
1,500 meters, and the whole is known as the Coastal Mountain Range, which
has its continuation to the north in the Cascada mountain range.
After the Coastal Range, it appears, especially in the California sector, a pre-
coastal depression. It is the Great Valley of California. From here the relief rises
towards the Rocky Mountains. The first of the mountains to be found is the
Sierra Nevada mountain range, with many peaks above 3,000 and 4,000
meters of altitude. Here's Mount Whitney, 4,418 meters.
Next we enter a region in which the mountains and depressions follow one
another. It is a very wide complex, of about 1,500 kilometers, characterized by
presenting a fractured relief of elevated and sunken blocks, so that within this
unit there are numerous mountain ranges and interior valleys. The mountains
include the whole of the Colorado plateau with the Sangre de Cristo mountains,
San Juan mountains, Codillera Park and the Front mountain range. Among the
depressions are the Valley of Death, which is below sea level, and the
depression that houses the Salt Lake. Throughout this set, the highest blocks
form plateaus, while we also find medium-sized mountain ranges, such as those
of the Great Basin of Nevada. The Blue and Salmon Mountains separate the
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Columbia Plateaus from the Great Basin to the north, which constitutes the
central part of the Rockies. The Wastch Mountains and the Unita Mound border
the Wyoming Basin to the northeast and the Colorado Plateau to the southeast.
Closing all this set appear the Rocky Mountains, which include some of the
mountains already mentioned. It is an immense wall with many heights of more
than 4,000 meters. Actually the whole complex is considered part of the Rocky
system. The entire complex enters Canada from the north and is separated
from Mexico by the Rio Grande valley. It is in this set where you can find some
of the most famous landscapes in the United States, such as the Grand
Canyon, the Mojave Desert or Yellownstone Park.
Following the unity of the Rockies lie the immense central plains. This is not a
uniform region, as various units appear. To the west, just below the Rockies,
there are plateaus and a very characteristic slope relief. The highest is the High
plateau, around 400-500 meters. From here the complex descends in a gentle
slope to the Mississippi. The highest regions are crowned in limestone. Its
erosion has given way to a bad lands landscape, like the one that appears in
western Dakota. The set that gives way to the Mississippi Valley is the Ozarks
Plateau. The valley itself is a wide fluvial plain that stretches along much of the
coast of the Gulf of Mexico, in which the basins of various rivers are linked.
Past the Mississippi Valley, the plains rise again with a gentle slope, until they
reach the Appalachian Mountains. The whole of the Appalachians is, in fact, a
wide plateau that extends from north to south parallel to the east coast. This
region is the paradigm of the Appalachian relief. Its summits are very moderate,
since they rarely exceed 2,000 meters in altitude. The highest altitudes are the
Blue Ridges. From here, and to the north, the ensemble descends along the
Adirondacks and the Allegheny Mountains.
Between the Appalachian group and the coast a series of plains develop with a
width of up to 300 and 400 kilometers. It is a long piedmont glacis that connects
the mountains with the sea, with a very gentle slope. Thus, the east coast is
resolved into a long low coastline, which only breaks north of New York.
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Population
Rural population
There are also changes in the rural population. In the past, young people were
the largest workforce; now births have stalled; Older adults who leave urban
areas already constitute more than half of the workforce, this especially visible
in multinationals such as McDonald's and Wal-Mart; that most frequently
employ young people.
Urban population
75% of Americans live in large urban areas, however these grow slowly and
even the oldest cities (such as Chicago and New York)
8
Culture
Recently, immigrants from Asia and Latin America have added more elements
to this cultural mix that has been described as "a melting pot of homogenized
races and in a heterogeneous salad bowl", where immigrants and their
descendants retain, share and absorb various characteristics. distinctive
cultures.
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multiculturalism. Unlike other cultures, most women work outside the home and
have a bachelor's degree.In 2007, 58% of American women over the age of 18
were married, 6% were widows, 10% were divorced and 25% had never
married.
The same Hofstede study also revealed that Americans' social outlook, cultural
expectations, and self-image are associated with their jobs and occupations to
an unusually narrow degree. So too is the tendency to value socioeconomic
achievements more, in such a way that being an ordinary or average person is
seen as a positive attribute in most cases.Despite the so-called "American
dream" and the perception that Americans enjoy high social mobility play a key
role in attracting immigrants, some analysts find that the United States has less
social mobility than countries in Europe and Canada.
10
It is important to note that the United States tends to be an exporter of culture,
and also absorbs other cultural traditions with relative ease, such as soccer,
pizza, and yoga. This is in stark contrast to the early days of the United States.
The country's cities offer classical and popular music, historical and scientific
research centers, museums, musicals and theatrical works, as well as artistic
projects and architectural works of international level. This development is the
result of contributions from private philanthropists, such as the government.
President of the United States is the title of the head of state and head of
government of the United States and the highest political office in the country by
influence and recognition.
The president leads the
executive branch of the
federal government. Among
other powers and
responsibilities, Article II of
the United States
Constitution charges the
president with the "faithful
execution" of federal law,
making the president the
commander-in-chief of the
armed forces, authorizes him to appoint executive and judicial officers with the
advice and consent of the Senate, and allows the president to grant pardons or
moratoriums. The president is elected by indirect suffrage by an electoral
college (or by the House of Representatives if the electoral college does not
grant a majority of votes to any candidate) for a four-year term. Since the
ratification of the Twenty-Second Amendment in 1951, no person can be
elected to the office of president more than twice.3 In the event of the death,
removal, resignation, or resignation of a president, the vice president assumes
the presidency.
11
This list includes only those individuals who were sworn in as president after the
ratification of the United States Constitution, which came into effect on March 4,
1789. For American leaders prior to this ratification, see the President of
Congress Continental. The list does not include an interim president under the
Twenty-fifth Amendment.
There were forty-five people who took office and forty-six presidencies, because
Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms and is counted in
chronological order as both the twenty-second and the twenty-fourth president.
Of those elected to the position, four died during his tenure from natural causes,
one resigned and four were assassinated. The first president was George
Washington, who was inaugurated in 1789 after a unanimous vote from the
electoral college. William Henry Harrison was the one who spent the least time
in office, with only 32 days, and Franklin D. Roosevelt, with his 12 years, 1
month and 8 days in office, was the one who remained the longest and the only
president who served for more than two terms. The current president is
Democrat Joe Biden, who took office as President of the United States on
January 20, 2021.
12
Source
The Treaty of Paris (1783) ended the War of Independence and recognized the
constitution of the Thirteen Colonies as the United States of America, but with
an unstable governmental structure. The Second Continental Congress had
drafted the Articles of Confederation in 1777, describing a permanent
Confederation, but granting the Congress of the Confederacy (the only federal
institution) little power to finance itself or to enforce its resolutions. In part, this
reflected the anti-monarchical vision of the revolutionary period, and the new
American system was explicitly designed to prevent the rise of an American
tyrant to replace the British monarch.
However, during the economic depression due to the collapse of the continental
dollar after the American Revolution, the viability of the American government
was threatened by political unrest in several states, the determination of debtors
to use the popular government to eliminate their debts and the apparent inability
of the Continental Congress to meet the public obligations assumed during the
war. Congress also seemed incapable of becoming a forum for productive
cooperation among states, which encouraged trade and economic
development. In response to this problem, a constitutional Convention was
convened, later to reform the Articles of Confederation, but which later began
the design of a new system of government that would include a greater
executive power while retaining essential control and balance with the idea of
restricting any imperial tendency in the presidency.
The persons who presided over the Continental Congress during the
Revolutionary period, and in accordance with the Articles of Confederation, held
the title of "President of the United States in the Assembled Congress" and was
often abbreviated as "President of the United States." The position had little
clearly defined executive power. With the ratification of the Constitution in 1787,
a separate executive branch was created, headed by the President of the
United States.
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designed to solve the political problems faced by the newly created nation and
to try to overcome future challenges, always preventing the rise to power. of an
autocrat in a nation wary of monarchical authorities.
Gastronomy
Some of the typical dishes are apple pie, boston baket beans, buffalo wings,
meat with chili, among others. The most common traditional desserts are Baked
Alaska, Banana split, banana foster, donuts, brownies, cupcakes. Popular
beverages are beer, wine, and usually mixed strong drinks like whiskey on the
rocks and vodka.
The gastronomy of the United States corresponds to a very varied mix and
some other gastronomies, this is so because it is a country created mainly by
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immigrants from different
countries in Europe, Asia,
Africa, and other countries.
The gastronomy of the
indigenous people of North
America could be called
autochthonous and the rest is
a fusion of different
gastronomic cultures taken to
different extremes, on the one
hand there is fast food full of
its attractive marketing, on the other hand there is traditional food based on
traditions cattle ranches of yesteryear, both cattle, sheep and goats. The most
popular foreign foods are Italy, followed by China and its neighbors in Mexico.
In reality, the definition of "traditional American food" is difficult. It can come
from the culinary experiences of the natives, existing before the colonization of
the lands. It is true that the United States uses ingredients such as turkey
(traditionally on Thanksgiving Day, in other times as well), corn, lima beans,
sunflower, potatoes, peppers and various forms of cucumbers were typical in
the diet. Native Indian cuisine and are today highly celebrated ingredients in
regional American culinary specialties. Also, they use cooking techniques and
culinary ingredients from immigrants to the country. Over time, other culinary
customs and ingredients from immigrant groups who arrived en masse and who
came from Europe, Asia, Africa, etc., were added to these ingredients from the
native North American Indians. All of them carried their customs and ingredients
that over time were mixed, it is for this reason that many traditional American
dishes have an original root in the gastronomies of other countries. Some of
these are apple pies, pizza, runzas, chowder and hamburgers (see: History of
the hamburger) all of them with a common origin in dishes from European
kitchens. Another example can be the Tex-Mex cuisine that blends with
Mexican and Spanish cuisine, giving rise to chili con carne and variants such as
tacos in hard tortillas or toasts.
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Tourism
Despite their size, some of these magnificent cities are true examples of urban,
ecological and cultural modernity. There we have New York (New York), one of
the largest urban agglomerations in the world, which today could be considered
the economic and cultural capital of the planet. Or Los Angeles, the most
populous city in California, one of the main cultural, scientific, economic, and
entertainment centers in the world. In Chicago, New Orleans, Houston or the
nation's capital, Washington D.C. We could spend our lives discovering
historical, natural or cultural treasures.
We also have Las Vegas, the city that never sleeps. There leisure and fun are
almost a religion. Or Miami, awarded as "the cleanest city in the country", which
is also one of the most interesting and cosmopolitan. Or San Francisco, so
picturesque and fascinating, that it represents the eternal center of the social
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and cultural avant-garde of the country. Or San Antonio, the tourist jewel of
Texas, and one of the main cities in the country for Hispanic culture.
Or Philadelphia and its monuments, or Detroit and its industries, or Denver and
its mountains. Or Fresno and its wines (Louisiana).
Education
17
The school term in the United States lasts twelve years. Five years of primary
school (1st-5th) and another seven years of secondary school (6th-12th).
American schools start the course in September after summer vacation (July-
August). A school year lasts two semesters: the first, from September to
December; and the second, from January to June. Young people attend public
schools, which are subsidized by the state from elementary to high school.
Secondary students have four or five subjects and their study periods are one
or two hours.
Charter schools "No Excuses" are intended to reduce the educational gap, and
increase the academic achievement of vulnerable groups. These schools are
those that emphasize the importance of high academic expectations for all
students, the application of rigid discipline, extended class hours, intensive
teacher training, and parental involvement.
According to sociologist Rick Fantasia, until World War II, American universities
"operated in the service of the upper class", receiving almost exclusively the
children of patrician families, generally on the basis of "a wink and a squeeze.
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hands "(that is, depending on the network of social relationships). Once
admitted, these "blue-blooded" family children led a quiet university life in a
climate of institutional veneration and established solid ties with their peers that
would last a lifetime; from the Rotary Club to the boards of directors, passing
through the golf courses (what is still today called the "old boy network").
History
According to sociologist Rick Fantasia, until World War II, American universities
"operated in the service of the upper class", receiving almost exclusively the
children of patrician families, generally on the basis of "a wink of the eye and a
squeeze. hands "(that is, depending on the network of social relationships).
Once admitted, these "blue-blooded" family children led a quiet university life in
a climate of institutional veneration and established solid ties with their peers
that would last a lifetime; from the Rotary Club to the boards of directors,
passing through the golf courses (what is still known today as the "old boy
network").
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CONCLUTION
This research has seemed very interesting since it deals with the "empire" of
our time. I have realized many things and I have understood that since the
nation was founded they have always been inspired to have more than they
have and that attitude has made them develop and expand incredibly.
They have also known how to defend themselves well from the European
powers since their inception and this has helped them to develop without
problems. They have also been a very warlike people from their beginning to
the present day and that has prevented there from being any war in their
territory. All of this has led to making the United States the most powerful nation
of our time.
This study has managed to capture clear and precise knowledge in relation to
English conversation since it is very important that the history of the united
states be to use them as a tool that helps you make correct and timely
decisions.
As stated in the introduction, the research that concludes was elaborated based
on the bibliographic formats and organic precepts of the institution studied, and
since they are established normative precepts they lend little to analysis,
however, there is no hesitation in affirming that when studying the subject has
enriched the heritage and knowledge of the participants.
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RECOMMENDATION
Extend the studies exposed in this final paper to about the history of the
United States.
Work on improving the model used in this work to determine the history.
Extend the exposed studies of other types.
Analyze more carefully and find the reason for the history of the United
States.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_los_Estados_Unidos
George B. Tindall & David E. Shi, Historia de los Estados Unidos, tomo II, tm
editores, 1995.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Presidentes_de_los_Estados_Unidos
https://www.turismoeeuu.com/gastronomia-de-estados-unidos/#:~:text=La
%20gastronom%C3%ADa%20de%20Estados%20Unidos,el%20popular
%20espagueti%20con%20salchichas.
https://blog-eeuu.com/
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