THIRD DIVISION

[G.R. No. 177066. September 11, 2009.]

JOSELITO MUSNI PUNO (as heir of the late Carlos Puno),

petitioner, vs. PUNO ENTERPRISES, INC., represented by
JESUSA PUNO, respondent.

DECISION

NACHURA, J : p

Upon the death of a stockholder, the heirs do not automatically

become stockholders of the corporation; neither are they mandatorily
entitled to the rights and privileges of a stockholder. This, we declare in this
petition for review on certiorari of the Court of Appeals (CA) Decision 1 dated
October 11, 2006 and Resolution dated March 6, 2007 in CA-G.R. CV No.
86137.
The facts of the case follow:
Carlos L. Puno, who died on June 25, 1963, was an incorporator of
respondent Puno Enterprises, Inc. On March 14, 2003, petitioner Joselito
Musni Puno, claiming to be an heir of Carlos L. Puno, initiated a complaint for
specific performance against respondent. Petitioner averred that he is the
son of the deceased with the latter's common-law wife, Amelia Puno. As
surviving heir, he claimed entitlement to the rights and privileges of his late
father as stockholder of respondent. The complaint thus prayed that
respondent allow petitioner to inspect its corporate book, render an
accounting of all the transactions it entered into from 1962, and give
petitioner all the profits, earnings, dividends, or income pertaining to the
shares of Carlos L. Puno. 2
Respondent filed a motion to dismiss on the ground that petitioner did
not have the legal personality to sue because his birth certificate names him
as "Joselito Musni Muno". Apropos, there was yet a need for a judicial
declaration that "Joselito Musni Puno" and "Joselito Musni Muno" were one
and the same. DIAcTE

The court ordered that the proceedings be held in abeyance,

ratiocinating that petitioner's certificate of live birth was no proof of his
paternity and relation to Carlos L. Puno.
Petitioner submitted the corrected birth certificate with the name
"Joselito M. Puno," certified by the Civil Registrar of the City of Manila, and
the Certificate of Finality thereof. To hasten the disposition of the case, the
court conditionally admitted the corrected birth certificate as genuine and
authentic and ordered respondent to file its answer within fifteen days from
the order and set the case for pretrial. 3
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 On October 11, 2005, the court rendered a Decision, the dispositive
portion of which reads:
WHEREFORE, judgment is hereby rendered ordering Jesusa Puno
and/or Felicidad Fermin to allow the plaintiff to inspect the corporate
books and records of the company from 1962 up to the present
including the financial statements of the corporation.

The costs of copying shall be shouldered by the plaintiff. Any

expenses to be incurred by the defendant to be able to comply with
this order shall be the subject of a bill of costs.

SO ORDERED. 4

On appeal, the CA ordered the dismissal of the complaint in its

Decision dated October 11, 2006. According to the CA, petitioner was not
able to establish the paternity of and his filiation to Carlos L. Puno since his
birth certificate was prepared without the intervention of and the
participatory acknowledgment of paternity by Carlos L. Puno. Accordingly,
the CA said that petitioner had no right to demand that he be allowed to
examine respondent's books. Moreover, petitioner was not a stockholder of
the corporation but was merely claiming rights as an heir of Carlos L. Puno,
an incorporator of the corporation. His action for specific performance
therefore appeared to be premature; the proper action to be taken was to
prove the paternity of and his filiation to Carlos L. Puno in a petition for the
settlement of the estate of the latter. 5
Petitioner's motion for reconsideration was denied by the CA in its
Resolution 6 dated March 6, 2007.
In this petition, petitioner raises the following issues: IaDSEA

I. THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN NOT RULING

THAT THE JOSELITO PUNO IS ENTITLED TO THE RELIEFS
DEMANDED HE BEING THE HEIR OF THE LATE CARLOS PUNO,
ONE OF THE INCORPORATORS [OF] RESPONDENT CORPORATION.

II. HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN RULING THAT

FILIATION OF JOSELITO PUNO, THE PETITIONER[,] IS NOT DULY
PROVEN OR ESTABLISHED.

III. THE HONORABLE COURT ERRED IN NOT RULING THAT JOSELITO

MUNO AND JOSELITO PUNO REFERS TO THE ONE AND THE SAME
PERSON.

IV. THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN NOT RULING

THAT WHAT RESPONDENT MERELY DISPUTES IS THE SURNAME
OF THE PETITIONER WHICH WAS MISSPELLED AND THE FACTUAL
ALLEGATION E.G., RIGHTS OF PETITIONER AS HEIR OF CARLOS
PUNO ARE DEEMED ADMITTED HYPOTHETICALLY IN THE
RESPONDENT['S] MOTION TO DISMISS.

V. THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS THEREFORE ERRED I[N]

DECREEING THAT PETITIONER IS NOT ENTITLED TO INSPECT THE
CORPORATE BOOKS OF DEFENDANT CORPORATION. 7
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 The petition is without merit. Petitioner failed to establish the right to
inspect respondent corporation's books and receive dividends on the stocks
owned by Carlos L. Puno.
Petitioner anchors his claim on his being an heir of the deceased
stockholder. However, we agree with the appellate court that petitioner was
not able to prove satisfactorily his filiation to the deceased stockholder; thus,
the former cannot claim to be an heir of the latter.
Incessantly, we have declared that factual findings of the CA supported
by substantial evidence, are conclusive and binding. 8 In an appeal via
certiorari, the Court may not review the factual findings of the CA. It is not
the Court's function under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court to review, examine,
and evaluate or weigh the probative value of the evidence presented. 9 AIDSTE

A certificate of live birth purportedly identifying the putative father is

not competent evidence of paternity when there is no showing that the
putative father had a hand in the preparation of the certificate. The local civil
registrar has no authority to record the paternity of an illegitimate child on
the information of a third person. 10 As correctly observed by the CA, only
petitioner's mother supplied the data in the birth certificate and signed the
same. There was no evidence that Carlos L. Puno acknowledged petitioner
as his son.
As for the baptismal certificate, we have already decreed that it can
only serve as evidence of the administration of the sacrament on the date
specified but not of the veracity of the entries with respect to the child's
paternity. 11
In any case, Sections 74 and 75 of the Corporation Code enumerate
the persons who are entitled to the inspection of corporate books, thus —
Sec. 74. Books to be kept; stock transfer agent. — . . . .
The records of all business transactions of the corporation and
the minutes of any meeting shall be open to the inspection of any
director, trustee, stockholder or member of the corporation at
reasonable hours on business days and he may demand, in writing, for
a copy of excerpts from said records or minutes, at his expense.
xxx xxx xxx

Sec. 75. Right to financial statements. — Within ten (10) days

from receipt of a written request of any stockholder or member, the
corporation shall furnish to him its most recent financial statement,
which shall include a balance sheet as of the end of the last taxable
year and a profit or loss of statement for said taxable year, showing in
reasonable detail its assets and liabilities and the result of its
operations. 12

The stockholder's right of inspection of the corporation's books and

records is based upon his ownership of shares in the corporation and the
necessity for self-protection. After all, a shareholder has the right to be
intelligently informed about corporate affairs. 13 Such right rests upon the
stockholder's underlying ownership of the corporation's assets and property.
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 14

Similarly, only stockholders of record are entitled to receive dividends

declared by the corporation, a right inherent in the ownership of the shares.
15

Upon the death of a shareholder, the heirs do not automatically

become stockholders of the corporation and acquire the rights and privileges
of the deceased as shareholder of the corporation. The stocks must be
distributed first to the heirs in estate proceedings, and the transfer of the
stocks must be recorded in the books of the corporation. Section 63 of the
Corporation Code provides that no transfer shall be valid, except as between
the parties, until the transfer is recorded in the books of the corporation. 16
During such interim period, the heirs stand as the equitable owners of the
stocks, the executor or administrator duly appointed by the court being
vested with the legal title to the stock. 17 Until a settlement and division of
the estate is effected, the stocks of the decedent are held by the
administrator or executor. 18 Consequently, during such time, it is the
administrator or executor who is entitled to exercise the rights of the
deceased as stockholder. SDEHCc

Thus, even if petitioner presents sufficient evidence in this case to

establish that he is the son of Carlos L. Puno, he would still not be allowed to
inspect respondent's books and be entitled to receive dividends from
respondent, absent any showing in its transfer book that some of the shares
owned by Carlos L. Puno were transferred to him. This would only be
possible if petitioner has been recognized as an heir and has participated in
the settlement of the estate of the deceased.
Corollary to this is the doctrine that a determination of whether a
person, claiming proprietary rights over the estate of a deceased person, is
an heir of the deceased must be ventilated in a special proceeding instituted
precisely for the purpose of settling the estate of the latter. The status of an
illegitimate child who claims to be an heir to a decedent's estate cannot be
adjudicated in an ordinary civil action, as in a case for the recovery of
property. 19 The doctrine applies to the instant case, which is one for specific
performance — to direct respondent corporation to allow petitioner to
exercise rights that pertain only to the deceased and his representatives.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the petition is DENIED. The Court
of Appeals Decision dated October 11, 2006 and Resolution dated March 6,
2007 are AFFIRMED.
SO ORDERED.
Ynares-Santiago, Chico-Nazario, Velasco, Jr. and Peralta, JJ., concur.

Footnotes

1. Penned by Associate Justice Conrado M. Vasquez, Jr. (now Presiding Justice of

the Court of Appeals) with Associate Justices Mariano C. del Castillo (now
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court) and Santiago Javier Ranada,
concurring; rollo, pp. 28-36.
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 2. Records, pp. 1-4.
3. Id. at 96.
4. Rollo, p. 30.
5. Id. at 31-35.
6. CA rollo, pp. 90-91.

7. Rollo, pp. 21-22.

8. Fernandez v. Tarun, 440 Phil. 334, 349 (2002).
9. Social Security System v. Aguas, G.R. No. 165546, February 27, 2006, 483
SCRA 383, 395-396.
10. Cabatania v. Court of Appeals, 484 Phil. 42, 51 (2004).
11. Id.
12. Emphasis supplied.

13. 5A Fletcher Cyclopedia of the Law of Private Corporations, §2213.

14. Gokongwei, Jr. v. Securities and Exchange Commission, 178 Phil. 266, 314
(1979).
15. Cesar Villanueva, Philippine Corporate Law, p. 259, citing Nielson & Co., Inc.
v. Lepanto Consolidated Mining Co., 26 SCRA 540 (1968); Lopez, Rosario, the
Corporation Code of the Philippines, p. 617, citing Knight v. Schultz, 141 Ohio
St. 267, 47 NE (2d) 286.

16. Rosario Lopez, The Corporation Code of the Philippines, Vol. 2, p. 718, citing
Miguel A.B. Sison et al v. Hon. Agellon et al, SEC-EB No. 293, November 23,
1992.
17. 5A Fletcher Cyclopedia of the Law of Private Corporations., §2213.

18. Tan v. Sycip, G.R. No. 153468, August 17, 2006, 499 SCRA 216, 231.
19. Joaquino v. Reyes, G.R. No. 154645, July 13, 2004, 434 SCRA 260, 274.

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