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REPRODUCTION Learner's Material

 Overview
FOR STUDENTS
This learning module in Biology (Genetics) is
intended to give the students the information
they need in order to learn and widen their
knowledge. Also, this learning module is
provided for the betterment of independence of
the students when it comes to learning and
testing how much they learned.

The students are encouraged to approach

their facilitators or the authors of this learning
module in case of noticed problems or
misunderstandings. Overall, it is expected for the
students to gain a lot of understanding through
the lessons covered in this learning module.

FOR FACILITATOR
This learning module in Biology
(Genetics) is provided for facilitating or teaching
use in Science Classrooms (Grade 7). Its goal is to
give enough information to enhance the
students’ knowledge and vocabulary regarding
the subject matter, aligned with the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) under
the K to 12 Curriculum.

It is the facilitators’ responsibility and

privilege to guide their students through the
learning process with the use of this learning
module. The facilitators should also keep in mind
to make the students progressive in their
learning and show their maximum potential as
long as possible.
 Introduction

Genetics, without a doubt, is one of the significant

studies in Biology. It answers questions such as “Why do we
behave like this? Why is my personality like this?” or “Why
do I have a fat/skinny body?” We don’t usually notice or
realize it but Genetics contributed a lot in the world of
Science and in our everyday life as well. For example,
Genetics helps us in seeking the source of our health
conditions (because some health conditions are hereditary)
and it also influences how healthy or unhealthy we are
going to be later in life. This field in Biology covers a lot of
discussion but its main focus is to study genes and heredity
of an organism. It gives us an understanding on how traits
are passed down from parents down to its offspring as a
result of changes in the DNA sequence.

In the way we are now, we all know how us, humans,

reproduce our offspring. However, have you ever wondered
if the way humans reproduce is just like the other
organisms? Or are they completely different? In this
module, we are going to discuss one of the basics in
Genetics: The Reproduction. We will also discuss the Types
of Reproduction and what organisms are reproducing
under those different types.
 Objectives
Content Standard
The learners demonstrate
understanding of reproduction
being both asexual and sexual.

Performance Standard
The learners should be able to
employ appropriate techniques
using the compound microscope
to gather data about very small
objects.

Learning Competencies
Differentiate asexual from asexual
reproduction in terms of (S7LT-llg-7):
Number of individuals involved;
Similarities of offspring to
parents.

Specific Learning
Outcome
After completing this module, the
students should able to:
Identify the characteristics of
sexual and asexual reproduction;
Group the organisms that
reproduce sexually and asexually;
Acknowledge the importance of
reproduction of organisms.
 Lesson 1

REPRODUCTION
Different organisms have distinct characteristics. Of
course, in general, all of these organisms have something in
common - they all reproduce. It is their natural instinct to keep
their species far from extinction.

However, do you think all of the organisms reproduce

the same way? In what way do these organisms multiply? Let's
find out as we explore this Lesson
 Assessment
Activity 1: Picture-Analysis
Direction: Take a look at the given pictures. Answer the
following questions by writing your answers on the space
provided.

Based on the images shown

above, what kind of organisms
or creatures are they from?
Are the differences in the two
pictures obvious? Write down
some differences you notice.

From what you know, do

you think these
organisms reproduce the
same way? Why or why
not?
 Activity
What is Reproduction?
Reproduction is the ability to make the next generation. It is a
process where the offspring (new organism) was created from a
parent or parents. There are two types of Reproduction; Sexual
and Asexual Reproduction.

Sexual Reproduction
The process of forming a new
individual from two parents. The
offspring in this type of reproduction
is genetically unique to the parent. It
involves Fertilization in which
gametes are produced one each from
male and female.

Asexual Reproduction
The process of forming a new
individual from a single
parent. The offspring in this
type of reproduction is
genetically identical to the
parent and there are no
gametes produce.
 Lecture
Activity 2: Organize the Table
Direction: Place the given descriptions correctly, whether it is
under Sexual Reproduction or Asexual Reproduction on the table
provided below.

Sexual Asexual
Reproduction Reproduction

Descriptions:
Only one parent is involved
Produces varied offspring
Involves fertilization
Produces a great number of offspring relatively quickly
Offspring receives 100% of the genes from its parent
Produces identical offspring
Offspring receives half of the genes from its parent
 Lecture
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction is the process of forming a new
individual from two parents and the offspring in this type of
reproduction is genetically unique to the parent. It was also
discussed that sexual reproduction involves Fertilization. Now let
us begin to discover more about this.

Fertilization is the process in which a male gamete (sperm

cell) fuses with a female gamete (egg cell) giving rise to a zygote. It
has two types; Internal and External Fertilization

Internal Fertilization
Internal fertilization occurs when
fertilization takes place inside the
body of the female. Most
mammals, birds, and reptiles
fertilize this way.

External Fertilization
External fertilization occurs when
fertilization takes place outside the
body of the female. Most aquatic
and amphibious animals fertilize
this way
 Lecture
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction is the type pf reproduction where
only one parent is involved to reproduce an offspring. There are no
gametes present and the offspring is always genetically identical to
its parent. It has 6 types; Binary fission, Budding, Spore formation,
Fragmentation, Regeneration, and Vegetative Reproduction.

Binary Fission
A single parent divides into two to
have genetically identical daughter
cells. Example organism includes
Bacteria, Paramecium and Amoeba

Regeneration
A cut part of an organism can
regenerate into a full organism as
exhibited by sea stars. It is
somehow similar to fragmentation.
Example organism include Planaria
and Sea Jelly.

Spore Formation
It is a type of asexual reproduction
is where organisms reproduce by
forming spores. Example organism
include Bread mold, Fern and
Mosses
 Lecture
Fragmentation
It is physically splitting of the
organisms into segments and these
segments develop into new
organisms. Example organism
include Worms, Sponges and Sea
Stars

Budding
A new organism is formed through a
bud which is an outgrowth from a
parent. The bud becomes a new
organism when it is separated from
its parent and begins to live on its
own. Examples organism includes
Hydra and Yeast

Vegetative
Reproduction
An offspring is reproduced
from its vegetative organs
such as stem, roots, and
leaves. Example organism
include stem of strawberry,
roots of ginger, and banana
plant.
 Activity
Activity 3: Identify Me
Direction: Identify whether an organism reproduce Asexually or
Sexually. Write SR if the organism reproduce sexually and AR if
the organism reproduce asexually.
 Evaluation

Quiz 1: True or False

Direction: Write TRUE if the UPPERCASED word in the statement
is correct. If it is false, replace it with the correct word to make
the statement correct.

1. REPRODUCTION is a process of creating new organisms. -

____________
2. There are no gametes produced in a SEXUAL reproduction. -
____________
3. Sea stars reproduce ASEXUALLY. - ____________
4. Sexual Reproduction is a process of reproducing an offspring
by TWO parents. - ____________
5. The offspring in an asexual reproduction are GENETICALLY
DIFFERENT. - ____________
6. There are THREE types of reproduction: Sexual, Asexual and
Transsexual. - ____________
7. Bacteria reproduces ASEXUALLY. - ____________
8. Fern is an example of an organism that reproduces by SPORE
FORMATION. - ____________
9. In Binary Fission, the parent divides into two to have
genetically DIFFERENT daughter cells. - ____________
10. In BINARY FISSION, The bud becomes a new organism when it
is separated from its parent and begins to live on its own. -
____________
 Valuing

Activity 4: Reflect on Me
Now that we thoroughly discuss the types of
reproduction, can you explain "Why we need to study
the types of reproduction as students?”
 Assignment

Assignment: Advance Read!

Instruction: Submit your answers in a short bond paper. It
may be handwritten or computerized.

1. What are Oviparity, Viviparity, and Ovoviviparity?

2. Cite at least 10 endemic species in the Philippines that
reproduces sexually and identify whether they are
oviparous, viviparous or ovoviviparous.
 Readings
To learn more about the topics discussed in this learning module,
you may visit these articles and videos by browsing the internet
to enhance your knowledge further and discover more
uniqueness about different organisms when it comes to
reproduction. Take your time and enjoy learning!

*Tips: To avoid manually typing the URL/link of the articles and

videos since it’s very time-consuming, for articles, go to
sciencedaily.com and then type the title of the article in the
search bar. For videos, go to youtube.com and also type the title
of the video in the search bar.

No one can Figure Out How Eels Have Sex - Freshwater eels could
be found in rivers across Europe. However, no one in the world
had ever seen them mate and there are no researchers that can
find eel eggs or identify their reproductive organs. So how do
they reproduce and where do they mate?
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFi6ISTjkR4

The Wild Sex Lives of Marine Creatures - See the wonders

beneath the ocean’s covers to discover the surprisingly inventive
ways marine animals have sex.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJpPkOZKROc

The Bug That Poops Candy - Aphids reproduce really fast! - they
can make 20 new generations within a single season and that
means they excrete a lot of poop, also known as honeydew.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVdynVuJsBo&t=15s
 References
Zape Jr., J. et. al. (2020). PIVOT 4A LEARNER’S MATERIAL: Quarter 2
Science. Document posted in DepED Commons, available at
https://commons.deped.gov.ph/documents/8171047c-ab69-4f39-
85d2-e6aed23639ce

World Wildlife. Jellyfish Water Free Stock Image [Online Image].

StockSnap. https://stocksnap.io/photo/jellyfish-water-
OYTIXHQTFP

Global Wildlife Conservation. [Untitled illustration of the

Philippine flat-headed frog]. Flickr.
https://live.staticflickr.com/5549/31266794916_25dbab35e6_z.jpg

Trypanosoma cruzi /CDC [Online Image]. Outbreak News Today.

http://outbreaknewstoday.com/trypanosoma-cruzi-found-to-
reproduce-sexually-research-11683/

Wellington, J. (2019). [Untitled illustration of a frog’s eggs].

Frogpets. https://www.frogpets.com/frog-eggs-size-frequency-
survival/
 References
Phuriroengpoom, P. [Untitled illustration of baby chick peeping
out of his egg]. Shutterstock. https://www.scienceabc.com/wp-
content/uploads/2020/08/Baby-chick-peeping-out-of-his-egg-at-
hatching-time-on-white-backgroundPongpanot-
Phuriroengpooms.jpg

Aldana, B. [Untitled illustration of new-born baby]. Flickr.

https://live.staticflickr.com/8665/15895416613_7eb1b8838d.jpg
Pestis, Y. [Untitled illustration of a microscopic image of a pond
scum]. Flickr.
https://live.staticflickr.com/2692/4461523877_a3f3ef8694_z.jpg

Pokrandt, M. (2008). Laying eggs [Online Image]. Flickr.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/85575158@N00/2656843078

Labbe, D. [Untitled illustration of group of llamas]. Flickr.

https://live.staticflickr.com/575/30899271903_b8f04322d7_c.jpg

Libert, F. [Untitled illustration of Hippocampe Rose]. Flickr.

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/35154272850_d5ca50c5a5_z.jp
g

[Untitled Illustration of Sword Belt Mushroom]. The Mushroom

Guys. https://themushroomguys.com.au/product/swordbelt/