Permutation and Combination

One Shot
Nishant Vora
B.Tech - IIT Patna
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Permutation and Combination:
It’s all about Counting
#Baspan
Factorial !
Factorial !
Fundamental Principle
of Counting
Fundamental Principle of Counting

AND ⇒ x

OR ⇒ +
Fundamental Principle of Counting
City A and City B are connected by 3 different routes and City B and City C
are connected by different routes. In how many ways can a person go from
city A to city C via B?

A B C
Fundamental Principle of Counting
In how many ways a person in city B can exit city B?

A B C
Concept of filling
vacant spaces
Example
How many 3 digit numbers can be formed by the digit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(i) without repetition
(ii) with repetition
How many 6 digits odd number greater than 6,00,000 can be formed
from the digits 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 if repetition of digit is allowed ?
Rank of a word
Rank of Word
 Shortcut - 1
Finding RANK
(Without repetition)
Find Rank of a Word “MATHS”

A. 32 M A T H S
B. 53

C. 54

D. 55

Without repetition
 Without repetition
Find Rank of a Word “MOTHER”

M O T H E R

JEE Main 2020

 Shortcut - 2
Finding RANK
(With repetition)
 With repetition
Find Rank of a Word “India”

A. 46
I N D I A
B. 47

C. 55

D. 42
 With repetition
Find Rank of a Word “IIT JEE”

I I T J E E
JEE Adv. 2007
Basic Questions
If the digits are not allowed to repeat in any number formed by using
the digits 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, then the number of all numbers greater than
10,000 is equal to

JEE Main 2021

The total number of numbers, lying between 100 and 1000 that can be
formed with the digits 1,2,3,4,5, if the repetition of digits is not allowed
and numbers are divisible by either 3 or 5 is

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The number of three-digit even numbers, formed by the digits 0, 1, 3, 4,
6, 7 if the repetition of digits is not allowed, is.

JEE Main 2021

JEE Adv. 2018
Number of zeros in n!
Finding the power of primes
Find number of Zeros in 100!
Find number of Zeros in 1000!
Find number of Zeros in 500!
Permutation vs
Combination
Permutation vs Combination:
Permutation vs Combination :
(i) Out of A, B, C, D take 3 letter & form number plate of car.
(ii) Out of four letters A, B, C, D take any 3 letters & form triangle.
 Question based on
Formula ( nCr and nPr)
If 1P1 + 2. 2P2 + 3. 3P3 + … + 15. 15P15 = qPr - s, 0 ≤ s ≤ 1 then q+sCr-s is equal
to.

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The value of (2. 1P0 - 3 . 2P1 + 4. 3P2 - .. up to 51th term) + (1! - 2! + 3! - … up
to 51th term) is equal to :

A. 1 - 51(51) ! JEE Main 2020

B. 1 + (51)!

C. 1 + (52)!

D. 1
Theorem - 1 :
Number of combination of n different things taken r at a time when p
particular things are always included. = n-pCr-p

i.e. Find total number of ways of selecting 11 player out of 15 player

when Mahendra singh Dhoni and Yuvraj Singh are always included
Theorem - 2 :
Number of combination of n different things taken r at a time when p
particular things are always excluded. = n-pCr
Question based on Application
of Formula( nCr and nPr)
A test consists of 6 multiple choice questions, each having 4 alternative
answers of which only one is correct. The number of ways, in which a
candidate answers all six questions such that exactly four of the
answers are correct, is ____.

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There are 15 players in a cricket team, out of which 6 are bowlers, 7 are
batsmen and 2 are wicketkeepers. The number of ways, a team of 11
players be selected from them so as to include at least 4 bowlers, 5
batsmen and 1 wicketkeeper, is _

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A scientific committee is to formed from 6 indians and 8 foreigners,
which includes at least 2 indians and double the number of foreigners
as indians. Then the number of ways, the committee can be formed is :

A. 560
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B. 1050

C. 1625

D. 575
JEE Adv. 2016
Number of Straight
Lines and Triangles
Number of Straight Lines/ Triangles
There are 10 points in a plane of which 4 are collinear and rest are
non - collinear. Find

(i) Number of straight lines

(ii) Number of triangles #Method 1
There are 10 points in a plane of which 4 are collinear and rest are
non - collinear. Find

(i) Number of straight lines

(ii) Number of triangles #Method 2
There are 10 points in a plane of which 4 are collinear and rest are
non - collinear. Find

(i) Number of straight lines

(ii) Number of triangles #Method 1
There are 10 points in a plane of which 4 are collinear and rest are
non - collinear. Find

(i) Number of straight lines

(ii) Number of triangles #Method 2
If the sides AB, BC and CA of a triangle ABC have 3,5 and 6 interior
points respectively, then the total number of triangles that can be
constructed using these points as vertices, is equal to

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A. 354

B. 240

C. 333

D. 360
Number of Diagonals in n-sided polygon
Let n > 2 be an integer. Suppose that there are n Metro stations in a city
located along a circular path. Each pair of stations is connected by a
straight track only. Further, each pair of nearest stations is connected
by blue line, whereas all remaining pairs of stations are connected by
red line. If the number of red lines is 99 times the number of blue lines,
then the value of n is :
JEE Main 2020

A. 201

B. 200

C. 101

D. 199
JEE Adv. 2014
Linear Permutation
4 Boys & 4 Girls are to be seated in a line find number of ways

(i) If B1 and G1 are always together

(ii) If B1 and G1 are never together
4 Boys & 4 Girls are to be seated in a line find number of ways

(iii) If “No two girls are together”

(iv) If not all the girls are together
4 Boys & 4 Girls are to be seated in a line find number of ways

(v) Boys and girls are alternate

(vi) If there are 4 married couples then number of ways in which they
can be seated so that each couple is together.
Two families with three members each and one family with four
members are to be seated in a row. In how many ways can they be
seated so that the same family members are not separated ?

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A. 2! 3! 4!

B. (3!)3 . (4!)

C. (3!)2 . (4!)

D. 3! (4!)3
The number of six letter words(with or without meaning), formed
using all the letters of the word ‘VOWELS’, so that all the consonants
never come together, is.

JEE Main 2021

JEE Adv. 2015
JEE Adv. 2017
Batting Order
Questions
Batting Order Questions
Number of ways in which Indian team (11 players) can bat, if Yuvraj wants to bat
before Dhoni and Jadeja wants to bat after Dhoni is
 Tick and Cross Method
(No two consecutive selection)
Tick and Cross Method
There are 10 trees in a row. 4 trees are to be cut down. The number of ways that no
two of the cut down trees are consecutive is
Tick and Cross Method
JEE Adv. 2020
Formation of Groups
Formation of Groups/Teams :
Formation of Groups/Teams :
JEE Adv. 2012
JEE Adv. 2020

Ans : 1080
Permutation of Alike
Objects
Permutation of alike objects :

D A D D Y
Find total number of word’s formed by using all letters of the word
“IITJEE”.

I I T J E E
Consider word ASSASSINATION, find number of ways of arranging the
letters.

(i) Number of words using all.

(ii) If no two vowels are together.
(iii) vowels are in the same order.
(iv) Relative position of vowels and consonant remain same.
The number of words (with or without meaning) that can be formed
from all the letters of the word “LETTER” in which vowels never come
together is____.

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The number of seven digit integers with sum of the digits equal to 10
and formed by using the digits 1, 2 and 3 only is

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A. 77
JEE Adv 2009
B. 42

C. 35

D. 82
Permutation of Objects
taken some at a time
Permutation of the objects taken
some at a time :
How many 5 lettered words can be formed using the letters of the
words. “INDEPENDENCE”.
Find the number of words each consisting 5 letters from the letters of
the word “ M I S S S I S S I P P I”
The number of words, with or without meaning, that can be formed by
taking 4 letters at a time from the letters of the word ‘SYLLABUS’ such
that two letters are distinct and two letters are alike, is _.

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Circular Permutation
Circular Permutation :
The number of circular permutation of n distinct objects is (n - 1)!
Circular Permutation :

Necklace / Garland →
A. 5 x 6! JEE Main 2017
B. 6 x 6!

C. 7!

D. 5 x 7!
A. 7! 6! JEE Main 2012
B. (6!)2

C. (7!)2

D. 7!
Total number of
Selections
 Total number of selections/combination :

n identical things n different things

Number of ways of selecting zero things

Number of ways of selecting one thing

Number of ways of selecting two things

Number of ways of selecting n things

Total number of selections/combination :
Number of ways of selecting zero or more objects from n distinct objects = 2n

Number of ways of selecting one or more objects from n distinct objects = 2n - 1

Number of ways of selecting zero or more objects from n identical objects = n+1

Number of ways of selecting one or more objects from n identical objects = n

It is given that 4 Apples, 3 Mangoes, 2 Bananas, 2 Oranges, consider
the following cases.

Case-l: Fruits of same species are alike and rests are different , then
(i) Find the number of ways, at least one fruit is selected.
(ii) Find the number of ways, at least one fruit of each kind is selected.

Case-II: Fruits of same species are different and rests are also
different, then

(i) Find the number of ways, at least one fruit is selected.

(ii) Find the number of ways, at least one fruit of each kind is selected.
It is given that 4 Apples, 3 Mangoes, 2 Bananas, 2 Oranges, consider
the following cases.

Case-l: Fruits of same species are alike and rests are different , then
(i) Find the number of ways, at least one fruit is selected.
(ii) Find the number of ways, at least one fruit of each kind is selected.
It is given that 4 Apples, 3 Mangoes, 2 Bananas, 2 Oranges, consider
the following cases.

Case-II: Fruits of same species are different and rests are also
different, then

(i) Find the number of ways, at least one fruit is selected.

(ii) Find the number of ways, at least one fruit of each kind is selected.
Number Theory
Total Number of Divisors :
Number of EVEN divisors
Sum of Divisors
Number of ways of representing N as
product of 2 numbers
Consider the number N = 25 x 34 x 57 x 72

(i). Total number of divisor,

(ii). Number of proper divisor
Consider the number N = 25 x 34 x 57 x 72

(iii). Number of odd divisor

(iv). Number of even divisor
(v). Number of divisors divisible by 5.
(vi). Number of divisors divisible by 10.
Consider the number N = 25 x 34 x 57 x 72

(vii). Number of divisible by 2 but not by 4.

Consider the number N = 25 x 34 x 57 x 72

(viii). Sum of all divisors

(ix). Sum of even divisors
(x). Sum of odd divisors
Consider the number N = 25 x 34 x 57 x 72

(xi). Number of ways in which N can be resolved as product of two

divisor.
A natural number has prime factorization given by n = 2x3y5z , where y
and z are such that y + z = 5 and y-1 + z-1 = 5/6 , y > z. Then the number
of odd divisors of n, including 1, is :

A. 11
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B. 6x

C. 12

D. 6
Summation of Numbers
 Shortcut
Summation of Numbers
Find the sum of all 3 digit numbers that can be formed by using
digits 1, 2, 3.

A. 1332

B. 1221

C. 1443

D. 1665
Find the sum of numbers greater than 10000 that can be formed by using
digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (without repetition).

A. 1111 x 15 x 24

B. 11111 x 15 x 24

C. 1111 x 15 x 120

D. 11111 x 15 x 120
Sum of all the numbers greater than 10000 formed by the digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
if no digit being repeated.

A. 6666600

B. 66666000

C. 6666000

D. 666660
Sum of all “3 digit numbers” that can be formed by using 1, 2, 3, 4
(without repetition).

A. 6660

B. 6666

C. 6600

D. 6000
If 0 is included

Sum of all 3 digit numbers that can be formed by using 0, 1, 2.

A. 633

B. 666

C. 636

D. 663
If digits are repeated

Sum of all 4 digit numbers that can be formed by using 1, 1, 3, 4.

A. 29997

B. 29977

C. 29797

D. 27779
If digits are repeated

Sum of all 4 digit numbers that can be formed by using 1, 1, 2, 2.

A. 9900

B. 9000

C. 9999

D. 9990
The sum of all the 4-digit distinct numbers that can be formed with the
digits 1,2,2 and 3 is :

A. 26664
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B. 122664

C. 122234

D. 22264
Distribution of Alike
Objects
Beggar-Coin Principle/ Ball-stick Method
Beggar-Coin Principle/ Ball-stick Method
Find number of ways in which 30 mangos can be distributed among 5
persons.
Find total number of ways of distributing 7 identical computers to
R|S|G so that each receive atleast one computer.
Find number of natural solutions of equation x + y + z = 102, where
x, y, z ∈ N.
Number of non-negative integral solution of the inequality
x+y+z+t ≤ 30.
The total number of 3-digit numbers, whose sum of digits is 10, is _

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The total number of positive integral solutions (x, y, z) such that
xyz = 24

A. 36
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B. 45

C. 24

D. 30
Derangement
Derangement :
If n things are arranged in a row, the number of ways they can be
deranged so that r things occupy wrong places while (n - r) things
occupy their original places, is
= nCr Dr

Where Dr = r !
Remember

Dr = r !

D0 = 1

D1 = 0

D2 = 1

D3 = 2

D4 = 9

D5 = 44
A person writes letters to five friends and addresses the
corresponding envelopes. In how many ways can the letters be
placed in the envelops so that

a. All letters are in the wrong envelopes.

b. Atleast three of them are in the wrong envelopes.
JEE Adv. 2014
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