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Draw and Explain Closed Loop System: Assignment

A closed loop control system automatically regulates a process variable to a desired set point without human interaction. It works by using a controller to compare the system output to the set point and reduce any error by adjusting the system input. Key advantages are accuracy even with nonlinearities and being highly stable. Closed loop systems can have multiple feedback loops and summing points to allow more input variables to be combined.

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Sameer Arif
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155 views

Draw and Explain Closed Loop System: Assignment

A closed loop control system automatically regulates a process variable to a desired set point without human interaction. It works by using a controller to compare the system output to the set point and reduce any error by adjusting the system input. Key advantages are accuracy even with nonlinearities and being highly stable. Closed loop systems can have multiple feedback loops and summing points to allow more input variables to be combined.

Uploaded by

Sameer Arif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT Ⅰ

Draw and Explain Closed Loop System


SUBMITTED TO: SIR HASHMAT ALI

SUBMITTED BY: MUHAMMAD SAMEER ARIF

STUDENT ID: BSMET-01193001

THE UNIVERSITY OF
LAHORE
Closed Loop System
A closed loop control system is a set of mechanical or electronic devices that automatically
regulates a process variable to a desired state or set point without human interaction. Closed loop
control systems contrast with open loop control systems, which require manual input.

How does closed loop system work?


In a closed-loop system, a controller is used to compare the output of a system with the required
condition and convert the error into a control action designed to reduce the error and bring the
output of the system back to the desired response.
The below figure is a basic closed-loop system, which shows the tank level is sensed and
measured by an electronic transmitter, the signal is fed to the controller and its output signal is
regulating the control valve to control the level in the tank automatically.

Advantages

 The closed-loop control systems are more accurate even in the presence of nonlinearities.
 Highly accurate as any error arising is corrected due to the presence of a feedback signal.
 Facilitates automation.
 The sensitivity of the system may be made small to make the system more stable.
 This system is less affected by noise.

Disadvantages:

 They are costlier.


 They are complicated to design.
 Require more maintenance.
 Feedback leads to an oscillatory response.
 Stability is the main problem.
Summing Point Types

 
Note that summing points can have more than one signal as inputs either adding or subtracting
but only one output which is the algebraic sum of the inputs. Also, the arrows indicate the
direction of the signals. Summing points can be cascaded together to allow for more input
variables to be summed at a given point.

Multi-loop Closed-loop System


Whilst our example above is of a single input, single output closed-loop system, the basic
transfer function still applies to more complex multi-loop systems. Most practical feedback
circuits have some form of multiple loop control, and for a multi-loop configuration the transfer
function between a controlled and a manipulated variable depends on whether the other feedback
control loops are open or closed.

 
Any cascaded blocks such as G1 and G2 can be reduced, as well as the transfer function of the
inner loop as shown.
We have seen that an electronic control system with one or more feedback paths is called
a Closed-loop System. Closed-loop control systems are also called “feedback control systems”
are very common in process control and electronic control systems. Feedback systems have part
of their output signal “fed back” to the input for comparison with the desired set point condition.
The type of feedback signal can result either in positive feedback or negative feedback.
In a closed-loop system, a controller is used to compare the output of a system with the required
condition and convert the error into a control action designed to reduce the error and bring the
output of the system back to the desired response. Then closed-loop control systems use
feedback to determine the actual input to the system and can have more than one feedback loop.

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