PC450 (LC, HD) - 8 UEN02233-00 Hydraulic System

UEN02233-00
HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR 1SHOP MANUAL
PC450-8
PC450LC-8
PC450LCD-8
PC450LCHD-8
Machine model Serial number

PC450-8 K50001 and up
PC450LC-8 K50001 and up
PC450LCD-8 K50001 and up
PC450LCHD-8 H50001 and up
10 Structure, function and

maintenance standard 1
Hydraulic system, Part 1
Hydraulic equipment layout drawing ............................................................................................................... 2
Hydraulic tank and filter .................................................................................................................................. 4
Hydraulic pump ............................................................................................................................................... 6
PC450/LC/LCD/LCHD-8 1
UEN02233-00 10 Structure, function and maintenance standard
Hydraulic equipment layout

drawing 1
1. Bucket cylinder
2. Arm cylinder
3. Boom cylinder
4. Swing motor
5. Control valve
6. Oil cooler
7. Hydraulic filter
8. Hydraulic pump
9. L.H. travel motor
10. Hydraulic tank
11. Multi-pattern selector valve
12. L.H. PPC valve
13. Work equipment lock lever (electric type)
14. Centre swivel joint
15. R.H. PPC valve
16. Travel PPC valve
17. Attachment circuit selector valve
18. Hydraulic drift prevention valve
19. Accumulator
20. Solenoid valve assembly
20A. PPC lock solenoid
20B. Travel junction solenoid
20C. Pump merge-divider solenoid
20D. Travel speed solenoid
20E. Swing brake solenoid
20F. Machine push-up solenoid
20G. 2-stage relief solenoid
2 PC450/LC/LCD/LCHD-8
10 Structure, function and maintenance standard UEN02233-00
Hydraulic tank and filter 1
1. Oil filler cap Specifications

2. Breather Tank capacity: 335 l
3. Hydraulic tank Amount of oil inside tank: 248 l
4. Sight gauge
5. Strainer Pressure valve
6. Filter element Relief cracking pressure:
7. Strainer 16.7 ± 6.9 kPa {0.17 ± 0.07 kg/cm2}
8. Bypass valve Suction cracking pressure:
0 – 0.49 kPa {0 – 0.005 kg/cm2}
Bypass valve
Set pressure: 150 ± 30 kPa {1.5 ± 0.3 kg/cm2}
Hydraulic pump 1
Type: HPV160+160 (190)
Outline
q This pump consists of 2 variable capacity
swash plate piston pumps, PC valve, LS valve,
EPC valve and variable volume valve.
BMP: Breather installation port

IM: PC mode selector current
ISIG: LS set pressure selector current
OCP: Oil level pick-up port
PAF: Front pump discharge port
PAR: Rear pump discharge port
PBF: Front pump pressure input port
PBR: Rear pump pressure input port
PD1F: Case drain port
PD1R: Air bleeder
PD2F: Drain plug
PD2R: Drain plug
PENF: Front control pressure pick-up port
PENR: Rear control pressure pick-up port
PEPC: EPC basic pressure port
PEPB: EPC basic pressure pick-up port
PFC: Front pump discharge pressure pick-up port
PLSCR: LS set selector pressure pick-up port
PLSF: Front load pressure input port
PLSFC: Front load pressure pick-up port
PLSR: Rear load pressure input port
PLSRC: Rear load pressure pick-up port
PM: PC mode selector pressure pick-up port
PRC: Rear pump discharge pressure pick-up port
PS: Pump suction port
1. Front pump
2. Rear pump
3. LS valve
4. PC valve
5. LS-EPC valve
6. PC-EPC valve
7. Variable volume valve
1. Front shaft
2. Cradle
3. Front case
4. Rocker cam
5. Shoe
6. Piston
7. Cylinder block
8. Valve plate
9. End cap
10. Rear shaft
11. Rear case
12. Servo piston
13. PC valve
Function
q The pump converts the engine rotation trans-
mitted to its shaft to oil pressure and delivers
pressurized oil corresponding to the load.
q It is possible to change the discharge amount
by changing the swash plate angle.
Structure
q Cylinder block (7) is supported to shaft (1) by q Piston (6) carries out relative movement in the
spline (14). axial direction inside each cylinder chamber of
q Shaft (1) is supported by front and rear bear- cylinder block (7).
ings (15). q Cylinder block (7) seals the pressurized oil to
q Tip of piston (6) is shaped as a concave ball valve plate (8) and carries out relative rotation.
and shoe (5) is caulked to it to form one unit. q This surface is designed so that the oil pres-
q Piston (6) and shoe (5) constitute the spherical sure balance is maintained at a suitable level.
bearing. q The oil inside each cylinder chamber of cylin-
q Rocker cam (4) has flat surface (A), and shoe der block (7) is suctioned and discharged
(5) is always pressed against this surface while through valve plate (8).
sliding in a circular movement.
q Rocker cam (4) conducts high pressure oil to
cylinder surface (B) with cradle (2), which is
secured to the case, and forms a static pres-
sure bearing when it slides.
Operation of pump
q Cylinder block (7) rotates together with shaft q As centre line (X) of rocker cam (4) matches
(1), and shoe (5) slides on flat surface (A). the axial direction of cylinder block (7) (swash
q When this happens, rocker cam (4) moves plate angle (a) = 0), the difference between
along cylindrical surface (B), so angle (a) volumes (E) and (F) inside cylinder block (7)
between centre line (X) of rocker cam (4) and becomes 0.
th e axi al d ir ec ti on o f cy lin de r bl oc k (7 ) q Suction and discharge of pressurized oil is not
changes. carried out in this state. Namely pumping
q (a) is named the swash plate angle. action is not performed. (Actually, however, the
swash plate angle is not set to 0)
q With centre line (X) of rocker cam (4) at a

swash plate angle (a) in relation to the axial
direction of cylinder block (7), flat surface (A)
acts as a cam in relation to shoe (5).
q In this way, piston (6) slides on the inside of
cylinder block (7), so a difference between vol-
umes (E) and (F) is created inside cylinder
block (7).
q A single piston (6) sucks and discharges the oil
by the amount (F) – (E).
q As cylinder block (7) rotates and the volume of
chamber (E) becomes smaller, the pressurized
oil is discharged.
q On the other hand, the volume of chamber (F)
grows larger and, in this process, the oil is suc-
tioned.
Control of pump delivery

q If the swash plate angle (a) becomes larger,
the difference between volumes (E) and (F)
be c om e s l ar g er an d p u mp de l iv e ry (Q )
increases.
q Servo piston (12) is used for changing swash
plate angle (a).
q Servo piston (12) carries out linear reciprocal
movement according to the signal pressure
from the PC and LS valves.
q This linear movement is transmitted to rocker
cam (4) through slider (13).
q Being supported by cradle (2) on the cylindrical
surface, rocker cam (4) slides on the surface
while continuing revolving movement.
q Space of the pressure receiving area of servo
piston (12) are not identical on the left side and
right side. Main pump discharge pressure (self
pressure) (PP) is always brought to the pressure
chamber of the small diameter piston side.
q Output pressure (PEN) of the LS valve is
brought to the chamber receiving the pressure
at the large diameter piston end.
q The relationship in the size of pressure (PP) at
the small diameter piston end and pressure
(PEN) at the large diameter piston end, and
the ratio between the area receiving the pres-
sure of the small diameter piston and the large
diameter piston controls the movement of
servo piston (12).
1. LS valve
PA: Pump port 1. Sleeve

PDP: Drain port 2. Piston
PLP: LS control pressure output port 3. Spool
PLS: LS pressure input port 4. Spring
PP: Pump port 5. Seat
PPL: Control pressure input port 6. Sleeve
PSIG: LS mode selector pilot port 7. Plug
8. Locknut
Function
q The LS (load sensing) valve detects the load
and controls the pump delivery.
q This valve controls main pump delivery (Q)
according to differential pressure (EPLS)[=
PP – PLS], called the LS differential pressure
(the difference between main pump pressure
PP and control valve outlet port pressure PLS).
q Main pump pressure (PP), pressure (PLS)
(called the LS pressure) coming from the con-
trol valve output, and pressure (PSIG) (called
the LS selector pressure) from the proportional
solenoid valve enter this valve.
q The relationship between the LS differential
pressure between the main pump pressure
(PP) and LS pressure (PLS) (EPLS) [= (PP) –
(PLS)] and the pump delivery (Q) changes as
shown in the diagram according to LS selector
current (ISIG) of the LS-EPC valve.
q As (ISIG) changes from 0 to 1A, setting force
of the spring also changes. As the result, the
specified median of the pump delivery selector
point changes in the range of 1.18 to 2.65 MPa
{12 to 27 kg/cm2}.
Operation
1) When the control valve is situated at neutral
q The LS valve is a 3-way selector valve, with q Pump pressure (PP) is conducted to the larger
pressure (PLS) (LS pressure) from the outlet diameter end from the port (K).
port of the control valve brought to spring q The same pump pressure (PP) is conducted to
chamber (B), and main pump discharge pres- the smaller diameter end from the port (J).
sure (PP) brought to port (H) of sleeve (8). q According to the difference in the areas on
q Magnitude of the force resulting from this LS servo piston (12), the pressure moves in to the
pressure (PLS), force of spring (4) and the direction of minimizing the swash plate angle.
pump delivery pressure (self pressure) (PP)
determine the position of spool (6).
q However, magnitude of the output pressure
(PSIG) (called the LS selector pressure) of the
EPC valve for the LS valve entering port (G)
also changes the position of spool (6). (Setting
force of the spring is changed)
q Before the engine is started, servo piston (12) is
pushed to the left. (See the figure to the right.)
q If the control lever is at the neutral position when
the engine is started, LS pressure (PLS) will be
set to 0 MPa {0 kg/cm2}. (It is interconnected to
the drain circuit via the control valve spool)
q Spool (6) is pushed to the right, and port (C)
and port (D) will be connected.
2) Action for the direction of maximizing the pump delivery
q When the difference between the main pump q If the output pressure of the EPC valve for the
pressure (PP) and LS pressure (PLS), in other LS valve enters port (G), rightward force is
words , LS d iffe renti al p re ssur e ( EPLS) generated on piston (7).
becomes smaller (for example, when the area q If piston (7) is pushed to the right, setting force
of opening of the control valve becomes larger of spring (4) is weakened, changing the LS dif-
and pump pressure PP drops), spool (6) is ferential pressure (EPLS) [Difference between
pushed to the left by the combined force of LS oil pressures (PLS) and (PP)] when ports (D)
pressure (PLS) and the force of spring (4). and (E) of spool (6) are connected.
q When spool (6) moves, port (D) and port (E)
are interconnected and connected to the PC
valve.
q The PC valve is connected to the drain port, so
the pressure across circuits (D) and (K)
becomes drain pressure (PT). (The operation
of the PC valve is explained later.)
q The pressure at the large diameter end of
servo piston (12) becomes drain pressure
(PT), and pump pressure (PP) enters port (J)
at the small diameter end, so servo piston (12)
is pushed to the left side. Therefore, the swash
plate is moved in the direction to make the
pump delivery larger.
3) Action for the direction of minimizing the pump delivery
q When LS differential pressure (EPLS) becomes

larger (for example, when the area of opening of
the control valve becomes smaller and pump
pressure (PP) rises) because of the rightward
move (it reduces pump delivery) of servo piston
(12), pump pressure (PP) pushes spool (6) to the
right.
q When spool (6) moves, main pump pressure
(PP) flows from port (C) to port (D) and from
port (K), it enters the large diameter end of the
piston.
q Main pump pressure (PP) also enters port (J)
of the small diameter end of the piston, but
because of the difference in area between the
large diameter end and the small diameter end
on servo piston (12), it is pushed to the right.
As the result, the servo piston (12) moves into
the direction of reducing the swash plate
angle.
q As LS selector pressure (PSIG) is input to port
(G), setting force of spring (4) is reduced.
4) When servo piston is balanced
q Let us take the area receiving the pressure at q Force of spring (4) is adjusted so that the bal-
the large diameter end of the piston as (A1), anced stop position of this spool (6) may be
the area receiving the pressure at the small determined when (PP) – (PLS) = 2.65 MPa {27
diameter end as (A0), and the pressure flowing kg/cm2} at the specified median.
into the large diameter end of the piston as q If (PSIG) [Output pressure of LS-EPC valve
(PEN). ranging from 0 to 2.9 MPa {0 to 30 kg/cm2}] is
q If the main pump pressure (PP) of the LS valve applied to port (G), the balanced stop position
and the combined force of spring (4) and LS changes in proportion to (PSIG) pressure in
pressure (PLS) are balanced, and the relation- the range of (PP) – (PLS) = 1.18 to 2.65 MPa
ship is (A0) × (PP) = (A1) × (PEN), servo pis- {12 to 27kg/cm 2}.
ton (12) will stop in that position.
q And the swash plate of the pump will be held in
an intermediate position. [Spool (6) will be
stopped at a position where the distance of the
opening from port (D) to port (E) and the dis-
tance from port (C) to port (D) is almost the
same.]
q At this point, the relationship between the pres-
sure receiving areas across servo piston (12)
is (A0) : (A1) = 3 : 5, so the pressure applied
across the piston when it is balanced becomes
(PP) : (PEN) C 5 : 3.
2. PC valve
PA: Pump port 1. Plug

PA2: Pump pressure pilot port 2. Servo piston assembly
PDP: Drain port 3. Pin
PM: Mode selector pressure pilot port 4. Spool
PPL: Control pressure output port (to LS valve) 5. Retainer
6. Seat
7. Cover
8. Wiring
Function q If the engine speed goes below the specified

q When the pump discharge pressure (PP1) value because of increased load, the controller
(self-pressure) and (PP2) (other pump pres- sends a command current to PC-EPC valve
sure) are high, the PC valve controls the pump solenoid in order to reduce the slope angle in
so that the volume of oil beyond the discharge proportion to reduction in the engine speed.
pressure-based specific flowrate may not be
conducted however you may increase the con-
trol valve stroke. Namely it is intended at con-
trolling the horse power for the pumps so that it
may not exceed the engine hose power.
q If the pump discharge pressure increases due
to increased load during operation, this valve
decreases the pump delivery.
q And if the pump discharge pressure goes low,
it increases the pump delivery.
q In this case, relation between the mean dis-
charge pressure of the front and rear pumps
[(PP1) + (PP2)]/2 and the pump delivery (Q)
will becomes as shown in the diagram if the
relation is represented as the parameter the
current value (X) to be given to PC-EPC valve
solenoid.
q The controller continues counting the actual
engine speed.
q If the engine speed is slowed down due to
increased load, the controller reduces the
pump delivery to recover the speed.
Operation
1) When pump controller is normal
(1) When the load on the actuator is small and pump discharge pressures (PP1) and (PP2) are low
Action of PC-EPC valve solenoid (1) a Other pump's pressure denotes the pressure
q Command current (X) is being sent to PC-EPC of the pump situated on the opposite side.
valve solenoid (1) from the pump controller. For the front pump pressure, the other pump's
q This command current acts on PC-EPC valve pressure is that of the rear pump.
to output the signal pressure in order to modify And for the rear pump pressure, the other
the force pushing piston (2). pump's pressure is that of the front pump.
q Spool (3) stops at a position where the com-
bined spool-pushing force is balanced by the
setting force of springs (4) and (6) as well as
the pump pressures (PP1) (self pressure) and
(PP2) (another pump's pressure).
q The pressure [port (C) pressure] output from
PC valve is changed depending on the above
position.
q The size of command current (X) is determined
by the nature of the operation (lever opera-
tion), the selected working mode, and the set
value and actual value of the engine speed.
Action of spring
q Load of springs (4) and (6) on the PC valve is q When pump pressures (PP1) and (PP2) are
determined by the swash plate position. small, spool (3) will be positioned in the left
q As servo piston (9) moves to right, spring (6) is side.
retracted. q Port (C) and (D) are connected, and the pres-
q If the servo piston moves further, it will be con- sure entering the LS valve becomes drain
tacted again seat (5) and spring (6) will be pressure (PT).
fixed. q If port (E) and port (G) of the LS valve are con-
q After that, spring (4) alone will operate. nected, the pressure entering the large diame-
q The spring load is changed by servo piston (9) ter end of the piston from port (J) becomes
as it extends or compresses springs (4) and drain pressure (PT), and servo piston (9)
(6). moves to the left side.
q If the command current (X) to PC-EPC valve q The pump delivery will be set to the increasing
solenoid (1) changes, so does the force push- trend.
ing piston (2). q Accompanied with move of servo piston (9),
q Spring load of springs (4) and (6) is also springs (4) and (6) will be expanded and the
affected by the command current (X) to PC- spring force becomes weaker.
EPC valve solenoid. q As the spring force is weakened, spool (3)
q Port (C) of the PC valve is connected to port moves to the right, the connecting between
(E) of the LS valve. port (C) and port (D) is shut off and the pump
q Self pressure (PP1) enters port (B) and the discharge pressure ports (B) and (C) are con-
small diameter end of servo piston (9), and nected.
other pump pressure (PP2) enters port (A).
q As a result, the pressure on port (C) rises and

the pressure on the large diameter end of the
piston also rises. Thus, the leftward move of
servo piston (9) is stopped.
q Servo piston (9) stop position (= Pump deliv-
ery) is decided by the position where the push-
ing force generated from the pressures (PP1)
and (PP2) applied to spool (3), the pushing
force of the solenoid in PC-EPC valve gener-
ates and the pushing force of springs (4) and
(6) are balanced.
(2) When the load on actuator is large and pump discharge pressure is high
Outline Operation
q When the load is large and pump discharge q When port (E) and port (G) of the LS valve are
pressures (PP1) and (PP2) are high, the force connected, this pressure from port (J) enters
pushing spool (3) to the right becomes larger the large diameter end of servo piston (9),
and spool (3) will be moved to the position stopping servo piston (9).
shown in above figure. q If main pump pressure (PP2) increases further
q Part of the pressure to be conducted from port and spool (3) moves further to the right, main
(C) to LS valve flows from port (B) to port (C) pump pressure (PP1) flows to port (C) and acts
and (D) through LS valve. At the end this flow, to make the pump delivery the minimum.
level of this pressure becomes approximately q When servo piston (9) moves to the right,
half of the main pump pressure (PP2). springs (4) and (6) are compressed and push
back spool (3).
q When spool (3) moves to the left, the opening
of port (C) and port (D) becomes larger.
q As a result, the pressure on port (C) (= J) is
decreased and the rightward move servo pis-
ton (9) is stopped.
q The position in which servo piston (9) stops at
this time is further to the right than the position
when pump pressures (PP1) and (PP2) are
low.
q The relationship between the average pump

pressure (PP1 + PP2)/2 and servo piston (9) in
terms of their positions can be represented by
the broken line in the figure springs (4) and (6)
form the double springs.
q The relationship between the average pump
pressure (PP1 + PP2)/2 and average pump
delivery (Q) becomes as shown below.
q If command voltage (X) sent to PC-EPC valve

solenoid (1) increases further, the relationship
between average pump pressure (PP1 + PP2)/
2, and pump delivery (Q) is proportional to the
force of the PC-EPC valve solenoid and moves
in parallel.
q Namely, the force of PC-EPC valve solenoid
(1) is added to the pushing force to the right
because of the pump pressure applied to the
spool (3), so the relationship between the aver-
age pump pressure (PP1 + PP2)/2 and the
pump delivery (Q) moves from (A) to (B) as the
command current (X) is increased.
2) As the emergency pump drive switch is turned on due to failure on the pump controller
(1) When the main pump is under light load
q If there is a failure in the pump controller, the q Since the pressure on the small diameter end
emergency pump drive switch is turned on to of the piston large, servo piston (9) moves in
hand the control to the resistor side. the direction to make the discharge amount
q In this case, the power is directly supplied from larger.
the battery. The current, however, is too large
as is, so the resistor is set in between to con-
trol the current flowing to PC-EPC valve sole-
noid (1).
q The current becomes constant, so the force
pushing piston (2) is also constant.
q If the main pump pressures (PP1) and (PP2)
are low, the combined force of the pump pres-
sure and the PC-EPC valve solenoid (1) is
weaker than the spring set force, so spool (3)
is balanced at a position to the left.
q At this point, port (C) is connected to the drain
pressure of port (D), and the large diameter
end of the piston of servo piston (9) also
becomes the drain pressure (PT) through the
LS valve.
(2) When the main pump is under heavy load
q If the emergency pump drive switch is turned q The curve resulting when the emergency pump
on In the same way as in above, the command drive switch is ON is situated further to the left (B)
current (X) sent to PC-EPC valve solenoid (1) than when the pump controller is normal (A).
becomes constant.
q For this reason, the force of piston (2) pushing
spool (3) is constant.
q If main pump pressures (PP1) and (PP2)
increase, spool (3) moves further to the right
than when the main pump load is light, and is
balanced at the position in the diagram above.
q In this case, the pressure from port (B) flows to
port (C), so servo piston (9) moves to the right
(smaller pump delivery) and stops at a position
to the further to the right then when the load on
the pump is light.
q When the emergency pump drive switch is
turned on, too, the pump pressure (PP) and
pump delivery (Q) have a relationship as
shown with the curve in the diagram corre-
sponding to the current sent to the PC-EPC
valve solenoid through the resistor.
3. LS(PC)-EPC valve
C : To LS (PC) valve
P : From self pressure reducing valve
T : To tank
1. Connector
2. Coil
3. Body
4. Spring
5. Spool
6. Rod
7. Plunger
Function Operation
q The EPC valve consists of the proportional sole-
noid portion and the hydraulic valve portion. 1) When signal current is 0
q When it receives signal current (i) from the (coil is de-energised)
controller, it generates the EPC output pres- q When there is no signal current flowing from
sure in proportion to the size of the signal, and the controller to coil (2), coil (2) is de-energised.
outputs it to the LS (PC) valve. q Spool (5) is pushed to the left by spring (4).
q Port (P) closes and the pressurized oil from the
self pressure reducing valve does not flow to
the LS (PC) valve.
q The pressurized oil from the LS (PC) valve is
drained to the tank through port (C) and port (T).
2) When signal current is very small 3) When signal current is maximum

(coil is energised) (coil is energised)
q When a very small signal current flows to coil q As the signal current flows to coil (2), coil (2) is
(2), coil (2) is energised, and a propulsion force energised.
is generated on the right side of plunger (7). q When this happens, the signal current is at its
q Rod (6) pushes spool (5) to the right, and pres- maximum, so the propulsion force of plunger
surized oil flows from port (P) to port (C). (7) is also at its maximum.
q Pressures on port (C) increases and the force q Spool (5) is pushed toward right side by rod
to act on spool (5) surface and the spring load (6).
on spring (4) become larger than the propul- q The maximum volume of pressurized oil is
sion force of plunger (7). conducted from port (P) to port (C), increasing
q Spool (5) is pushed to the left, and port (P) is the circuit pressure across EPC valve and LS
shut off from port (C). (PC) valve to the maximum level.
q Port (C) and port (T) are connected. q Since port (T) is closed, pressurized oil does
q Spool (5) moves so that the propulsion force of not flow to the tank.
plunger (7) may be balance with pressure of
port (C) + spring load of spring (4).
q The circuit pressure between the EPC valve
and the LS (PC) valve is controlled in propor-
tion to the size of the signal current.
4. Variable volume valve
C: To PC valve 1. Plug
P: From self pressure reducing valve 2. Block
T: To tank 3. Piston
4. Spring
Function
q The variable volume valve stabilizes the EPC
valve's output pressure.
Operation
q Output pressure from EPC valve is conducted
to port (C) and as the result propulsion force of
piston (3) is increased by the load of spring (4).
q Piston (3) is pushed to the left, and volume of
port (C) is increased.
q The propulsion force of piston (3) becomes
smaller than the load of spring (4).
q Piston (3) is pushed toward right, and volume
of port (C) is decreased.
UEN02233-00
PC450/LC/LCD/LCHD-8 Hydraulic excavator

Form No. UEN02233-00
© 2007 KOMATSU
All Rights Reserved
Printed in Belgium 10-07 (01)
30
UEN02234-00
PC450-8
PC450LC-8
PC450LCD-8
PC450LCHD-8

PC450-8 K50001 and up
PC450LCHD-8 K50001 and up

Control valve ................................................................................................................................................... 2
CLSS............................................................................................................................................................. 14
Functions and operation by valve ................................................................................................................. 18
Merge-divider valve....................................................................................................................................... 33
Attachment circuit selector valve .................................................................................................................. 58
Holding valve ................................................................................................................................................ 60
Control valve 1
Outline
q The control valve consists of a 7-spool valve (6-
spool valve + boom Hi, arm Hi valve) and a set
of service valves. A merge-divider valve, a
back pressure valve, a boom drift preventive
valve are installed to it.
q Since all the valves are assembled together
with connecting bolts and their passes are con-
nected to each other inside the assembly, the
assembly is compact and easy to maintain.
A1: To bucket cylinder bottom PR: To solenoid valve, PPC valve, and EPC valve
A2: To L.H. travel motor PS: From merge-divide solenoid valve
A3: To boom cylinder bottom PST: From travel junction valve solenoid valve
A4: To swing motor PX1: From 2-stage relief solenoid valve
A5: To R.H. travel motor PX2: From 2-stage relief solenoid valve
A6: To arm cylinder head T: To tank
A-1: To boom cylinder bottom T1: To tank
A-2: To attachment 1 TS: To tank
A-3: To attachment 2 TSW: To swing motor S-port (suction side)
B1: To bucket cylinder head
B2: To L.H. travel motor 1. 6-spool valve
B3: 2. Cover A
B4: To swing motor 3. Cover B
B5: To R.H. travel motor 4. Boom Hi and arm Hi valve
B6: To arm cylinder bottom 5. Service valve 1
B-1: To arm cylinder bottom 6. Service valve 2
B-2: To attachment 1 7. Merge-divider valve
B-3: To attachment 2 8. Boom drift preventive valve
BP1: Boom raising PPC output pressure 9. Quick return valve
BP5: From 2-stage safety valve solenoid valve 10. Boom Hi valve check valve
BP6: From attachment select solenoid valve
P1: From bucket PPC and EPC valves
P2: From bucket PPC and EPC valves
P3: From L.H. travel PPC valve
P4: From L.H. travel PPC valve
P5: From boom PPC and EPC valves
P6: From boom PPC and EPC valves
P7: From swing PPC and EPC valves
P8: From swing PPC and EPC valves
P9: From R.H. travel PPC valve
P10: From R.H. travel PPC valve
P11: From arm PPC and EPC valves
P12: From arm PPC and EPC valves
P-3: From service 1 and PPC valves
PLS1: To front pump control
PLS2: To rear pump control
PP1: From front pump
PP2: From rear pump
PP1S: Pressure sensor mounting port
PP2S: Pressure sensor mounting port
PPS1: To front pump control
PPS2: To rear pump control
General view
Sectional view
(1/5)
1. Pressure compensation valve (Arm out)

2. Pressure compensation valve (R.H. travel
reverse)
3. Pressure compensation valve (Left swing)
4. Pressure compensation valve (Boom raise)
5. Pressure compensation valve (L.H. travel
reverse)
6. Pressure compensation valve (Bucket dump)
7. Pressure compensation valve (Boom Hi raise)
8. Variable pressure compensation valve (Ser-
vice 1)
9. Variable pressure compensation valve (Ser-
vice 2)
10. Pressure compensation valve (Arm Hi in)
11. Pressure compensation valve (Bucket curl)
12. Pressure compensation valve (L.H. travel for-
ward)
13. Pressure compensation valve (Boom lower)
14. Pressure compensation valve (Right swing)
15. Pressure compensation valve (R.H. travel for-
ward)
16. Pressure compensation valve (Arm in)
17. Main relief valve
18. Unload valve
19. Unload valve
21. Spool (Service 2)
22. Spool (Service 1)
23. Spool (Boom Hi)
24. Spool (Bucket)
25. Spool (L.H. travel)
26. Spool (Boom)
27. Spool (Swing)
28. Spool (R.H. travel)
29. Spool (Arm)
30. Spool (Arm Hi)
Unit: mm
No. Check item Criteria Remedy

Standard size Repair limit
Free length × Installed Installed Installed
Free length
31 Spool return spring Outside diameter length load load
417 N 333 N
54.2 × 34.8 51.2
{42.5 kg}
— {34.0 kg}
393 N 315 N If damaged or
32 Spool return spring 54.5 × 34.8 51.2
{40.1 kg}
— {32.1 kg} deformed, replace
421 N 336 N spring.
{42.9 kg}
— {34.3 kg}
251 N 201 N
{25.6 kg}
— {20.5 kg}
417 N 333 N
{42.5 kg}
— {34.0 kg}
(2/5)
1. Safety-suction valve (Arm out)

2. Suction valve (Right travel reverse)
3. Suction valve (Boom raise)
4. Suction valve (Left travel reverse)
5. Suction valve (Boom Hi raise)
6. Safety-suction valve (Service 1)
7. Safety-suction valve (Service 2)
8. 2-stage safety-suction valve (Service 1)
9. Safety-suction valve (Arm Hi in)
10. Safety-suction valve (Bucket curl)
11. Suction valve (Left travel forward)
12. 2-stage safety-suction valve (Boom lower)
13. Suction valve (Right travel forward)
14. Safety-suction valve (Arm in)
15. LS shuttle valve (Arm)
16. LS shuttle valve (Right travel)
17. LS select valve
18. LS shuttle valve (Boom)
19. LS shuttle valve (Left travel)
20. LS shuttle valve (Bucket)
21. LS shuttle valve (Service 1)
22. LS shuttle valve (Service 2)
23. LS check valve
24. Pressure relief plug
Unit: mm

Free length
25 Suction valve spring Outside diameter length load load If damaged or
5.5 N 4.4 N deformed, replace
46.8 × 7.5 40.6
{0.56 kg}
— {0.45 kg} spring.
1.5 N 1.2 N
26 Check valve spring 11.5 × 4.6 8.5
{0.15 kg}
— {0.12 kg}
(3/5)
1. Unload valve
2. Safety valve (Boom raise)
4. Lift check valve
Arm valve
5. LS shuttle valve
6. Pressure compensation valve (In)
7. Spool
8. Safety-suction valve (In)
9. Regeneration circuit check valve
10. Safety-suction valve (Out)
11. Pressure compensation valve (Out)
R.H. travel valve

12. LS shuttle valve
13. Pressure compensation valve (Forward)
14. Spool
15. Suction valve (Forward)
16. Suction valve (Reverse)
17. Pressure compensation valve (Reverse)
Swing valve
18. LS select valve
19. Pressure compensation valve (R.H.)
20. Spool
21. Pressure compensation valve (L.H.)
Unit: mm

Free length
22 Spool return spring Outside diameter length load load If damaged or
50.0 × 14.4 42.0
{2.0 kg}
5.9 N 4.71 N
{0.6 kg}
— {0.48 kg}
(4/5)
1. Return spring
2. Merge-divide valve (for LS)
3. Valve (Sequence valve)
4. Spring (Sequence valve)
5. Merge-divide valve (Main)
6. Return spring
Boom valve
7. Drift preventive valve
8. LS shuttle valve
9. Pressure compensation valve (Lower)
10. Spool
11. 2-stage safety-suction valve (Lower)
12. Regeneration circuit check valve
13. Suction valve (Raise)
14. Pressure compensation valve (Raise)
L.H. travel valve

15. Merge-divider valve (travel junction valve)
16. Return spring
18. Pressure compensation valve (Forward)
19. Spool
20. Suction valve (Forward)
21. Suction valve (Reverse)
22. Pressure compensation valve (Reverse)
Bucket valve
24. Pressure compensation valve (Curl)
25. Spool
26. Safety-suction valve (Curl)
27. Safety-suction valve (Dump)
28. Pressure compensation valve (Dump)
Unit: mm

Free length
157 N 126 N
46.6 × 21.8 33.0
{16.0 kg}
— {12.8 kg}
250 N 200 N
{25.5 kg}
— {20.4 kg}
{18.1 kg}
— {14.5 kg} deformed, replace
35.3 N 28.2 N spring.
{3.6 kg}
— {2.88 kg}
13.7 N 11.0 N
{1.4 kg}
— {1.12 kg}
5.9 N 4.71 N
{0.6 kg}
— {0.48 kg}
50.0 N 40.0 N
35 Piston return spring 30.7 × 20.5 23.0
{5.1 kg}
— {4.08 kg}
(5/5)
Boom Hi and arm Hi valve
1. Boom Hi check valve

2. Quick return valve
3. Pressure compensation valve (Arm Hi in)
4. Arm Hi spool
5. Safety-suction valve (Arm Hi in)
6. Boom Hi spool
7. Suction valve (Boom Hi raise)
8. Pressure compensation valve (Boom Hi raise)
Service valve 1
9. LS shuttle valve
10. Pressure compensation valve
11. Spool
12. 2-stage safety-suction valve
13. Safety-suction valve
Service valve 2
16. Spool
18. Unload valve
20. LS bypass plug
CLSS 1
Outline of CLSS
Features Configuration
CLSS stands for Closed center Load Sensing Sys- q CLSS is configured with variable capacity pis-
tem, which has the following characteristics: ton pumps, control valves, and respective
actuators.
q Fine control not influenced by load q The hydraulic pump is configured with pump
q Controllability enabling digging even with fine body, PC valve and LS valve.
control
q Ease of compound operation ensured by flow
divider function using area of opening of spool
during compound operations
q Energy saving using variable pump control
Basic principle
1. Pump swash plate angle control
q The pump swash plate angle (pump delivery) q The pump swash plate angle shifts toward the
is controlled so that LS differential pressure maximum position if LS differential pressure
(E PLS) (the difference between pump pres- (EPLS) is lower than the set pressure of the
sure PP and control valve outlet port LS pres- LS valve (when the actuator load pressure is
sure PLS) (load pressure of actuator) is high). If it becomes higher than the set pres-
constant. sure (when the actuator load pressure is low),
q [LS differential pressure (EPLS) = Pump dis- the pump swash plate angle shifts toward the
charge pressure (PP) – LS pressure (PLS)] minimum position.
q If it becomes higher than the set pressure
(when the actuator load pressure is low), the
pump swash plate angle shifts toward the mini-
mum position.
LS differential pressure ( PLS) and pump

swash plate angle
a For details of functions, see the “Hydraulic

pump”.
2. Pressure compensation control
q A pressure compensation valve is installed to

the outlet port side of the control valve to bal-
ance the load.
q When actuators are operated together, the
pres sure differen ce ( EP) b etw een the
upstream (inlet port) and downstream (outlet
port) of the spool of each valve becomes the
same regardless the size of the load (pres-
sure).
q The flow of oil from the pump is divided (com-
pensated) in proportion to the area of opening
(S1) and (S2) of each valve.
3. System diagram
a The illustration shows actuator (7) in the merge

mode with stroke end at the time of relief.
1. Front pump 9. LS circuit

2. Rear pump 10. Tank circuit
3. Main relief valve 11. Valve
4. Unload valve 12. Spring
5. Merge-divider valve 13. LS bypass valve
6. Control valve 14. LS valve
7. Actuator 15. PC valve
8. Pump circuit
Functions and operation by valve 1

Hydraulic circuit diagram and the name of valves
1. Arm valve 42. 2-stage safety-suction valve

2. R.H. travel valve Set pressure: 1 stage: 28.4 ± 0.5 MPa{290 ± 5 kg/cm2}
3. Swing valve 2 stage: 14.7 ± 0.5 MPa{150 ± 5 kg/cm2}
4. Boom valve 43. Safety valve
5. L.H. travel valve Set pressure: 38.2 ± 0.5 MPa{390 ± 5 kg/cm2}
6. Bucket valve
7. Boom Hi valve
8. Arm Hi valve
9. Service valve 1
10. Service valve 2
11. Arm spool
12. R.H. travel spool
13. Swing spool
14. Boom spool
15. L.H. travel spool
16. Bucket spool
17. Boom Hi spool
18. Arm Hi spool
19. Service spool 1
20. Service spool 2
22. Variable pressure compensation valve
23. Suction valve
24. Check valve (for boom regeneration circuit)
25. Check valve (for arm regeneration circuit)
27. LS select valve
28. Merge-divider valve
29. Arm quick return valve
30. Self pressure reducing valve
31. Travel junction valve
32. Back pressure valve
33. Boom drift preventive valve
34. Boom Hi check valve
35. Main relief valve (bucket side)
Set pressure:
36.1 ± 0.25 MPa{367.5 ± 2.5 kg/cm2}(112l/min)
When digging force increased:
38.2 ± 0.25 MPa{389.5 ± 2.5 kg/cm2}(110l/min)
36. Main relief valve (arm side)
Set pressure:
36.1 ± 0.25 MPa{367.5 ± 2.5 kg/cm2}(112l/min)
When digging force increased:
38.2 ± 0.25 MPa{389.5 ± 2.5 kg/cm2}(110l/min)
37. Unload valve (bucket side)
Cracking pressure: 3.1 ± 0.5 MPa{32 ± 5 kg/cm2}
38. Unload valve (arm side)
Cracking pressure: 3.1 ± 0.5 MPa{32 ± 5 kg/cm2}
Set pressure: 17.2 ± 0.5 MPa{175 ± 5 kg/cm2}
Set pressure: 38.2 ± 0.5 MPa{390 ± 5 kg/cm2}
41. 2-stage safety-suction valve
Set pressure: 1 stage: 20.1 ± 0.5 MPa{205 ± 5 kg/cm2}
2 stage: 17.2 ± 0.5 MPa{175 ± 5 kg/cm2}
Unload valve
1. When the unload valve is actuating
1. LS circuit 4. Tank circuit

2. Valve 5. Spring
3. Pump circuit
Function Operation
q Drains an oil discharge for the portion of the q Pressure of pump circuit (3) is received by the
minimum pump swash plate angle while all end of valve (2).
control valves are in the holding. q Since the control valve is in neutral position,
q The pump pressure will correspond to a set pressure of LS circuit (1) is 0 MPa {0 kg/cm2}.
load of spring (5) inside the valve (this pres- q Pressurized oil of pump circuit (3) stops at
sure will be P1). valve (2), and the pressure rises as no relief is
q Since LS pressure is drained from the LS available.
bypass valve, LS pressure C tank pressure C q When this pressure becomes larger than the
0 MPa {0 kg/cm2}. force of spring (5), valve (2) moves to the left.
q Ports (b) and (c) are interconnected and the
pump pressure flows to tank circuit (4).
q The pressurized oil of LS circuit (1) passes
from orifice (a) through port (c) and is drained
to the tank circuit (4).
q When actuated, LS pressure C tank pressure.
q Since the pump discharge pressure – LS cir-
cuit pressure during unloading is larger than
the pump LS control pressure, the signal is
output to minimize the pump swash plate
angle.
q During operation (a work within a scope of dis- 2. Operation of relief valve

charge by a minimum swash plate angle), the q When the cylinder reaches the stroke end, the
discharge pressure for the portion of minimum main relief valve opens.
pump swash plate angle is set to LS pressure q The pump delivery (Q) is relieved to the
+ P1 pressure. tank.(See the system diagram)
q LS control differential pressure (EPLS) of dis- q The pump discharge pressure (PP) and LS
charge for the portion of minimum swash plate pressure (PLS) become approximately the
angle will be equal to P1 pressure. same as each has not flow at the upstream
and downstream of the spool, and LS differen-
tial pressure (EPLS) becomes 0 kg/cm2.
q As LS differential pressure (EPLS) is lower
than the LS set pressure of LS valve, LS valve
is actuated to maximize the pump swash plate
angle.
q Mechanically, operation of PC valve have the
prevalence to that of LS valve.
q The pump is held at a minimum swash plate
angle by the cut-off function of PC valve.
Introduction of LS pressure
1. Hydraulic pump
2. Main spool
4. Valve
5. Check valve
6. LS circuit
7. LS shuttle valve
Function
q Introduces the upstream pressure (spool
meter-in downstream pressure) of pressure
compensation valve (3) and leads to LS shuttle
valve (7) as the LS pressure.
q Connected to actuator port (B) through valve
(4), and makes LS pressure C actuator load
pressure.
q Inlet pore (a) inside main spool (2) has a small
diameter concurrently serving as a throttle.
Operation
q When main spool (2) is operated, the pump
pressure enters port (c) through inlet pore (a)
and is led to the LS circuit.
q When the pump pressures rises to reach the
load pressure of port (B), check valve (5)
opens and the pressurized oil flows.
LS bypass valve
1. Hydraulic pump
2. Main spool
4. LS shuttle valve
5. LS bypass valve
6. LS circuit
Function
q Releases the residual pressure in LS pressure
circuit (6) from orifices (a) and (b).
q Slows down the rising rate of LS pressure to
prevent a sudden change of hydraulic pres-
sure.
q Bypass flow from LS bypass valve (5) causes
a pressure loss to be generated due to the cir-
cuit resistance between throttle (c) of main
spool (2) and LS shuttle valve (4).
q Effective LS differential pressure drops to
improve a dynamic stability of the actuator.
Pressure compensation valve

1. During independent operation and under maximum load pressure
(If the load pressure is higher than other work equipment during a combined operation)
1. Hydraulic pump 4. Piston

2. Valve 5. Spring
3. Shuttle valve 6. LS shuttle valve
Function q As principle, port (C) and spring chamber (E)

q Pressure compensation valve works as the are not interconnected in an integrated pres-
load check valve. sure compensation valve.
q If the pump pressure (LS pressure) is lower q If high peak pressure is generated at port (C),
than the load at port (c), shuttle valve (3) in valve (7) does not collide with the valve cham-
pressure compensation valve piston (4) inter- ber.
connects spring chamber (E) and port (C). q With a bucket valve, etc., port (C) and spring
q The force of spring (5) operates piston (4) and chamber (E) are designed to interconnect
valve (2) to the closing direction. before valve (7) is seated.
Integrated pressure compensation valve

q High stress may occur when valve (2) collides
with valve chamber seat portion (C) if a high
peak pressure is generated in the actuator cir-
cuit or repetitive peak pressure occurs continu-
ously (example: when using the breaker).
q To prevent this, a pressure compensation
valve with integrated valve (2) and piston (4) is
used.
q With the present machine, this device is
adopted for the bucket valve (cylinder bottom)
and the service valve.
2. When compensated
(If the load pressure is lower than other work equipment during a combined operation)
Function
q The pressure compensation valve closes
under LS pressure of port (D), and the spool
meter-in downstream pressure of port (B)
becomes equivalent to the maximum pressure
of other work equipment.
q Since the spool meter-in upstream pressure of
port (A) is the pump pressure, the spool meter-
in differential pressure [upstream pressure port
(A) pressure] – downstream pressure [port (B)
pressure] becomes equivalent to all the spools
in operation.
q Pump flow is divided according to the ratio of
the meter-in opening area.
Operation
q Spring chamber (E) is interconnected to port
(D).
q Piston (4) and valve (2) operate in the closing
direction (to the right) under the LS circuit pres-
sure from other work equipment of port (F).
q Valve upstream pressure (= spool meter-in
downstream pressure) of port (B) is controlled
with LS pressure.
3. Pressure compensation valve area ratio
Function
q The state of division changes according to the
area ratio of pressure compensation portion
(A1) and (A2). Area ratio = (A2)/(A1)
q If area ratio = 1 : the spool meter-in down-
stream pressure will be equal to the maximum
load pressure, and the pressure will be divided
according to the opening area ratio.
q If area ratio = 1 or over : the spool meter-in
downstream pressure will be greater than the
maximum load pressure, and the pressure will
be divided smaller than the opening area ratio.
q If area ratio = 1 or under : the spool meter-in
downstream pressure will be smaller than the
maximum load pressure, and the pressure will
be divided greater than the opening area ratio.
Pressure compensation valve inner shuttle valve

1. If holding pressure at port (A) is larger than LS pressure in the springing chamber (B)
1. Hydraulic pump
2. Valve
3. Pressure compensation valve inner shuttle valve
4. Piston
Function
q Shuttle valve (3) is pushed to the right by port
(A) pressure and cuts off interconnection
between ports (A) and (C).
q Holding pressure at port (A) is led to the spring
chamber (B) to push piston (4) to the left so
that piston (4) and valve (2) will not be sepa-
rated.
2. In the case of travel
Outline
q Since no holding pressure is generated at port
(A) of the travel circuit, a pressure compensa-
tion valve without shuttle valve (3) is adopted.
Boom regeneration circuit

1. If the cylinder head pressure is lower than the bottom pressure (free fall, etc.)
1. Hydraulic pump
2. Boom spool
5. Suction valve
6. Check valve
7. LS shuttle valve
Function Operation
q Provides the regeneration circuit from the cyl- q If the cylinder head pressure is lower than the
inder bottom to the cylinder head when the bottom pressure, pressurized oil (A) from the
boom is lowered and increases flow to the cyl- cylinder bottom flows to drain circuit (B) from
inder bottom. the notch of boom spool (2).
q On the other hand, remaining oil flows to regen-
eration circuit (C), opens check valve (6) and
flows to the cylinder head through circuit (D).
q Flow from regeneration circuit (C) and pump
(1) merges in circuit (E).
2. If the cylinder head pressure is higher than the bottom pressure (digging work, etc.)
Function
q Check valve (6) provided to regeneration cir-
cuit (C) closes to shut off the flow from the cyl-
inder bottom to the head.
Arm regeneration circuit

1. If the cylinder head pressure is higher than the bottom pressure
1. Hydraulic pump
2. Arm spool
5. Suction valve
6. Check valve
7. LS shuttle valve
Function Operation
q During arm digging, regeneration circuit pro- q If the cylinder head pressure is higher than the
vided from the cylinder head to the bottom bottom pressure, pressurized oil (A) from the
increases the cylinder speed as the cylinder cylinder head flows to drain circuit (B) from the
flow involves the pump delivery plus regener- notch of arm spool (2).
ated flow. q On the other hand, remaining oil flows to
regeneration circuit (C), opens check valve (6)
and flows to the cylinder bottom through circuit
(D).
q Flow from regeneration circuit (C) and pump
(1) merges in circuit (E).
2. If the cylinder head pressure is lower than the bottom pressure
Function
q Check valve (6) provided to regeneration cir-
cuit (C) closes to shut off the flow from the cyl-
inder bottom to the head.
Merge-divider valve 1
1. When flows from the pumps merge [if pilot pressure (PS) is OFF]
1. Main spool 5. LS circuit (bucket side)

2. Spring 6. LS circuit (bucket side)
3. LS spool 7. LS circuit (arm side)
4. Spring 8. LS circuit (arm side)
Function Operation
q Merges pressurized oil (P1) and (P2) dis- q Since pilot pressure (PS) is OFF, output pres-
charged from the two pumps or divides (to sure from PPC valve is 0 MPa {0 kg/cm2}.
respective control valve group). q Main spool (1) is pressed to the right by spring
q Merges and divides LS circuit pressure. (2) and ports (E) and (F) are interconnected.
q Merges pressurized oil (P1) and (P2) dis-
charged from the two pumps at ports (E) and
(F) and sends to necessary control valve.
q Since pilot pressure (PS) is OFF for LS spool
(3), it is pressed to the right by spring (4), and
ports (A) – (D) and ports (B) – (C) are intercon-
nected.
q Forwards LS pressure led from respective con-
trol valve spools to LS circuits (5), (6), (7) and
(8) to all the pressure compensation valves.
2. When flows from the pumps are divided [if pilot pressure (PS) is ON]
Operation
q Pilot pressure (PS) turns ON, and output pres-
sure from the PPC valve shifts main spool (1)
to the left, and ports (E) and (F) are divided.
q Pressurized oil discharged from the two pumps
are sent to respective control valves.
P1 pressure: To bucket, L.H. travel, and boom
P2 pressure: To swing, R.H. travel, and arm
q LS spool (3) too shifts to the left under the out-
put pressure from the PPC valve, intercon-
nects ports (A) and (C) and divides other ports.
q Forwards LS pressure led from each control
valve spool to LS circuits (5), (6), (7) and (8) to
respective control valves.
LS select valve
Function Operation
q Prevents high LS pressure from the swinging 1. If pilot pressure (BP) is OFF
from entering the LS circuit of work valves q Since pilot pressure (BP) is OFF, piston (3) is
while the swinging and work equipment are in pressed to the left by spring (2).
combined operation. q When swing-operated, swing LS pressure (P1)
q Prevents high pressure generated during enters port (A) after passing swing spool (5).
swing drive and improves operability of work q Valve (1) is pressed to the left and ports (A)
equipment. and (B) are interconnected.
q Swing LS pressure (P1) flows to LS shuttle
valve (8).
2. If pilot pressure (BP) is ON

q If pilot pressure (BP) is ON, BP pressure con-
tracts spring (2), and piston (3) shifts to the
right.
q Valve (1) is pressed to the right and intercon-
nection between ports (A) and (B) is closed.
q Swing LS pressure (P1) stops flowing to LS
shuttle valve (8).
q If swing LS pressure (P1) rises, other LS cir-
cuits are not affected.
a The illustration shows the state of simulta-

neous operation of swinging and R.H. travel.
[(BP) pressure ON]
1. Valve
2. Spring
3. Piston
4. Piston
5. Swing spool
6. L.H. travel spool
7. Arm spool
8. LS shuttle valve
9. LS circuit
Self pressure reducing valve
Function
q Reduces the discharge pressure of the main
pump and supplies it as control pressure for
the solenoid valves, EPC valves, etc.
Operation
1. While engine is stopped
q Poppet (11) is pressed by spring (12) against
the seat and port (PR) is not connected to
(TS).
q Valve (14) is pressed by spring (13) against the
left side and port (P2) is connected to (TS).
q Valve (7) is pressed by spring (8) against the
left side and port (P2) is closed to (A2).
2. During neutral and when load pressure (P2) 3. When load pressure (P2) is high
is low q Load pressure (A2) increases with the opera-
a When load pressure (A2) is lower than self tion of digging, etc, and the pump discharge
pressure reducing valve output pressure (PR) increases accordingly.
q Pressure (P2) increases to [(Ød area × P2
q Valve (7) is pressed to the closing direction of pressure) = force of spring (8) + (Ød area × PR
circuit between ports (P2) and (A2) by spring pressure)], and valve (7) moves to the right to
(8) and under pressure (PR) (which is 0 MPa the stroke end.
{0 kg/cm2}). q As a result, opening between ports (P2) and
q When pressurized oil flows in from port (P2), a (A2) increases, and the pass resistance
balance is reached due to [(Ød area × P2 pres- reduces, reducing the engine horsepower loss.
sure) = force of spring (8) + (Ød area × PR q When pressure (PR) rises above the set pres-
pressure)]. sure, poppet (11) opens.
q Adjusts valve (7) opening to keep pressure q Pressurized oil flows from port (PR) to orifice
(P2) at a constant level over pressure (PR). (a) in spool (14), then flows to seal drain port
q When pressure (PR) rises above the set pres- (TS) from poppet (11) opening.
sure, poppet (11) opens. q Differential pressure is generated before and
q Pressurized oil flows from port (PR) to orifice after orifice (a) in spool (14) and then spool
(a) in spool (14), then flows to seal drain port (14) moves to close the pass between ports
(TS) from poppet (11) opening. (P2) and (PR).
q Differential pressure is generated before and q Pressure (P2) is reduced by the opening at this
after orifice (a) in spool (14) and then spool time and adjusted to a constant pressure (the
(14) moves to close the pass between ports set pressure) and supplied as pressure (PR).
(P2) and (PR).
q Pressure (P2) is reduced by the opening at this
time and adjusted to a constant pressure (the
set pressure) and supplied as pressure (PR).
4. When abnormally high pressure is gener-

ated
q If pressure (PR) of self pressure reducing
valve becomes abnormally high, ball (16) con-
tracts spring (15) and becomes separated from
the seat.
q Allows the pressurized oil to (TS) from port
(PR) and lowers pressure (PR).
q Protects PPC valve, solenoid valve and other
devices from abnormal pressure.
Travel junction valve

1. When pilot pressure is turned ON
Function Operation
q This valve connects the L.H. and R.H. travel q Pilot pressure (PST) from the travel junction
circuits through travel junction valve so that the solenoid valve compresses spring (1), and
hydraulic oil will be supplied evenly to both travel junction spool (2) moves to the left to the
travel motors to improve machine's straight stroke end.
travel performance. q Junction circuit between port (PTL) (L.H. travel
q When the machine is steered, outside pilot circuit) and port (PTR) (R.H. travel circuit) is
pressure (PST) closes the travel junction valve closed.
to improve steering performance.
2. When pilot pressure is turned OFF
Operation
q If pilot pressure (PST) from the solenoid valve q If the oil flow rates to the L.H. and R.H. travel
is 0 MPa {0 kg/cm2}, travel junction spool (2) is motors become different from each other, the
pressed to the right side by the force of spring oil flows through the route between port (PTL),
(1) and the passage between ports (PTL) and travel junction spool (2), and port (PTR) so that
(PTR) is opened. the oil flow rates to both motors will be equal-
ized again.
Travel PPC shuttle valve

1. When travel lever is in neutral
Function Operation
q Regulates flow to each cylinder by controlling q The oil in stroke regulation signal chamber (a)
the stroke of each spool of the boom, arm, and is drained through orifices (5) and (6) of pis-
bucket using the pilot pressure of travel PPC tons (3) and (4) in the travel spring case and
valve while climbing a steep grade, raising the the travel PPC valve.
boom, digging with arm, dumping, bucket-dig- q When operated for boom raising (or arm dig-
ging or operating dump. ging, dumping, bucket digging, dumping),
q When controlling the stroke of the boom, arm spool (1) moves to the left until it makes con-
and/or bucket, pilot pressure of travel PPC tact with the end face of spring casing (2) (st0).
valve passes through the circuit inside the con-
trol valves to actuate the system.
2. When traveling
Operation
q If the right travel lever is set in the reverse (or q When operated for boom raising (or arm in,
forward) direction, pilot pressure from the PPC out, bucket curl, dump), spool (1) moves to the
valve presses spool (7) to the left (or right). left.
q Spool (7) pushes piston (3) to close orifice (5) q Maximum stroke of the spool is limited to (st1)
and shut off stroke regulation signal chamber for the amount of movement (st2) of piston (8)
(a) and the drain circuit of the travel PPC to the right.
valve.
q At this time, the right travel reverse (or forward)
lever is set, pilot pressure from the PPC valve
is applied through orifice (6) of piston (4) to the
left end of piston (8) to push piston (8) to the
right.
Boom drift preventive valve

1. When raising boom
Function
q This valve prevents the oil in the boom cylinder
bottom from leaking through spool (1) and the
boom from lowering under its weight while the
boom lever is not operated.
Operation
q When the boom is raised, pressurized oil from
the control valve works on the ring-shaped
area (S)[= Ø(d1) area – Ø(d2) area] caused by
the difference between outside diameter (d1)
of poppet (5) and seat diameter (d2) to move it
to the left.
q Contracts spring (4) and poppet (5) moves to
the left.
q As a result, pressurized oil from the control
valve passes through the opening of poppet
(5) and flows to the bottom end of the boom
cylinder.
2. When the boom is in neutral
Operation
q Moves the lever to neutral with the boom
raised.
q Pressurized oil flown inside poppet (5) from
orifice (a) of poppet (5) is closed by pilot piston
(2).
q Pressurized oil from the control valve and the
holding pressure of the boom cylinder bottom
are shut off.
q The holding pressure of boom cylinder bottom
works on the ring-shaped area (S) caused by
the difference between outside diameter (d1)
of poppet (5) and seat diameter (d2) to move it
to the right.
q The sum of this force and the force of spring
(4) closes poppet (5).
holding pressure of the boom cylinder bottom
are shut off.
3. When lowering boom
Operation
q When the boom is lowered, pilot pressure from
the PPC valve presses pilot piston (2).
q Pressurized oil in chamber (b) inside the pop-
pet is drained through orifice (c).
q Pressurized oil of the boom bottom flows to ori-
fice (a) o chamber (b) o orifice (c) o drain (T),
and the pressurized oil in chamber (b) lowers.
q As the pressure of chamber (b) lowers under
the pressure of port (B), poppet (5) opens.
q Pressurized oil from port (B) is led to port (A)
and then flows to the control valve.
Arm drift preventive valve

(if equipped)
1. When arm OUT
Function
q This valve prevents the oil in the arm head
from leaking through spool (1) and the boom
from lowering under its weight while the arm
lever is not operated.
Operation
q When the arm OUT is operated, pressurized
oil from the control valve works on the ring-
shaped area (S) [= Ø(d1) area – Ø(d2) area]
caused by the difference between the outside
diameter (d1) of poppet (5) and the seat diam-
eter (d2) to move it to the left.
q Contracts spring (4) and poppet (5) moves to
the left.
q As a result, pressurized oil from the control
valve passes through the opening of poppet
(5) and flows to the arm cylinder head.
2. When the arm is in neutral
Operation
q Moves the lever to neutral with the arm
dumped.
q Pressurized oil flown inside poppet (5) from
orifice (a) of poppet (5) is closed by pilot piston
(2).
holding pressure of the arm cylinder head are
shut off.
q The holding pressure of arm cylinder head
works on ring-shaped area (S) caused by the
difference between outside diameter (d1) of
poppet (5) and seat diameter (d2) to move it to
the right.
q The sum of this force and the force of spring
(4) closes poppet (5).
holding pressure of the arm cylinder head are
shut off.
3. When arm IN
Operation
q If arm is set to IN, pilot piston (2) is pushed by
the pilot pressure from the PPC valve.
q Pressurized oil in chamber (b) inside the pop-
pet is drained through orifice (c).
q Pressurized oil of the arm head flows to orifice
(a) o chamber (b) o orifice (c) o drain (T),
and the pressurized oil in chamber (b) lowers.
q As the pressure of chamber (b) lowers under
the pressure of port (B), poppet (5) opens.
q Pressurized oil from port (B) is led to port (A)
and then flows to the control valve.
4. When abnormally high pressure is generated
q If abnormally high pressure is generated in the q If arm drift preventive valve (If equipped) is
boom cylinder bottom circuit, the pressurized installed to the arm cylinder head circuit, the
oil in port (B) pushes check valve (6) open, boom cylinder bottom circuit pressure force or
then safety valve (3) operates. arm cylinder head circuit pressure force,
whichever having higher pressurized oil,
pushes check valve (6) or (6A) open to actuate
safety valve (3).
Quick return valve

1. When arm OUT
Function
q When arm is set to out, large volume of oil
returns from the cylinder bottom.
q Reduces this pressure loss.
Operation
q When arm is set to out, pilot piston (1) is q Or (Ød2 pressure receiving force > Ød1 pres-
pushed by the pilot spool from the PPC valve. sure receiving force + spring force)
q Pressurized oil in chamber (b) inside the valve q Valve (2) is pressed to the left and pressurized
is drained through orifice (c). oil is led from port (A) to (B).
q Pressurized oil of the arm bottom side flows to q From port (B), pressurized oil is drained
orifice (a) o chamber (b) o orifice (c) o drain directly to the tank.
(T), and the pressure in chamber (b) lowers.
q If the pressure of chamber (b) drops lower than
that of port (A), pressure receiving force of the
pressure receiving portion [Ød2 area (S2)
(seat diameter area)] on the side of port (A)
increases by the sum of the pressure receiving
force of pressure receiving portion[Ød1 area
(S1)] on the chamber (b) side of valve (2) and
the spring force.
2. When the arm is in neutral
Operation
q Returning the lever to neutral reduces the pilot
pressure from the PPC valve to 0 MPa {0 kg/
cm2}.
q The pressurized oil that has flowed and been
drained through orifice (a) in valve (2) is closed
by pilot piston (1).
q The holding pressure on the arm bottom side
works on the difference between areas (S2)
and (S1) of valve (2) to the right.
q Valve (2) is closed by the total of this force and
the force of spring (3), so ports (A) and (B) are
shut off.
Lift check valve

Function 2. While engine is running
q This valve applies back pressure to the drain q Output pressure (PR) of the self pressure
circuit to prevent generation of negative pres- reducing valve is conducted to through the
sure on each actuator (motors, cylinders, etc.). control valve to spring chamber (c) of lift check
valve (3).
Operation q Output pressure (PR) applied to spring cham-
1. While engine is stopped ber (c) is applied to the left end of valve (1)
q Pressurized oil is not fed to the self pressure (area of Ød) to push valve (1) to the right.
reducing valve from the pump, and valve (1) is q At this time, pressure (PA) of drain circuit (a) of
pressed to the right by the force of spring (2). the control valve is applied to the right end of
q Drain circuit (a) of the control valve is con- valve (1) (area of Ød1) to push valve (1) to the
nected with port (T) through orifice (b) of valve left.
(1). q Valve (1) strikes balance to make the back
pressure equal to (PA) in the equation below.
(Area of Ød) × PR + force of spring (2)

PA =
Area of Ød1
Main relief valve
1. Spring
2. Poppet
Function
q Set pressure of the relief valve is in two stages.
q When power is needed, pilot pressure (P) is
turned ON and the set pressure becomes
higher.
Operation
q The set pressure of relief valve is determined
by spring (1) installed load. (1st stage)
q Respective setting is not required for both the
1st and 2nd stages. Setting the 1st stage com-
pletes the setting of the 2nd stage.
1. If pilot pressure (P) is OFF: Low-pressure

setting
Set pressure is determined by spring (1)
installed load.
2. If pilot pressure (P) is ON: High-pressure

setting
Spring (1) installed load is added with pilot
pressure (P) applied to the area of poppet (2)
diameter (d1), raising the set pressure to
higher level.
2-stage safety-suction valve

[Installed to port (B) on the boom cylinder head side and port (B) of the service valve]
1. Spring
2. Piston
3. Spring
4. Holder
Function Operation
q Enables to provide the safety valve set pres- q The safety set pressure is determined by
sure in two stages, and make the low-pressure spring (1) installed load.
setting smaller.
q Enables to relieve a load without lever opera- 1. If pilot pressure is OFF (high-pressure set-
tion if high load is applied to the cylinder. ting)
q Improves work efficiency and reduces machine q Since pilot pressure (P) is OFF, piston (2) is
body vibration. pressed to the left by spring (3). [Spring (1)
installed load < spring (3) installed load]
q Spring (1) installed load becomes maximum
and the set pressure rises.
q Passage (B) is interconnected to the drain cir-
cuit via passage (C) and chamber (D).
2. If pilot pressure is ON (low-pressure setting)

q If the pilot pressure (P) is ON, the pilot pres-
sure is led to section (A) via passage (B) and
works on the pressure-receiving bore section
(d2 – d1).
q This pilot pressure contracts spring (3), and
piston (2) moves to the right until making con-
tact with holder (4).
q Spring (1) stretches, installed load is reduced,
and the set pressure lowers.
q Pressurized oil proportionate to the piston
stroke is drained via passage (C) and chamber
(D).
Variable pressure compensation valve

(Installed to the service valve)
A. Pump discharge pressure (P) (From service Function

valve spool) q Regulates flow distribution to the service valve
B. Cylinder port when the service valve (attachment) and the
C. Load pressure of other work equipment work equipment valve (boom raising, etc.) are
operated together. (Equivalent surface area
1. Valve ratio variable)
2. Spring q Pressurized oil from the service valve spool is
3. Sleeve applied to the left side of valve (1) and is led to
4. Poppet chamber (g) via orifice (a).
5. Spring q LS pressure is led to chamber (e) through ori-
6. Screw fice (d).
7. Locknut q Pressurized oil of cylinder port is led to cham-
8. Cap ber (h) through passage (c) and orifice (f).
q The force of spring (2) acts on valve (1), and
the force of spring (5) acts on poppet (4).
q The force of spring (5) can be adjusted with
screw (6).
Operation when jointly operated with a high-load work equipment (such as the boom raising)
q Both of the pump discharge pressure (P) and q If the difference between the pump discharge
LS pressures are determined by other equip- pressure (P) and cylinder port pressure (B) is
ment's pressure, while cylinder port pressure larger than the force of spring (5), poppet (4) is
causes the attachment to operate. pressed to the right.
q If the difference between the pump discharge q Pump discharge pressure (P) flows to orifice
pressure (P) and cylinder pressure is smaller (a) and chamber (g) and is interconnected to
than the force of spring (5), the balance of cylinder port via passages (b) and (c).
forces applying to valve (1) may be expressed q Differential pressure is generated between the
with the following equation: upstream and downstream of orifice (a), which
reduces the pressure force in chamber (g).
P × A1 = P × A2 + LS(A2 – 1) + F q Force that presses valve (1) to the left is
reduced.
A1: Area of Ød1 q A state is reached where the area ratio has
A2: Area of Ød2 become smaller.
F: Force of spring q Valve (1) moves to the right, and the flow
P: Pump discharge oil pressure increases from the pump to the cylinder.
Attachment circuit selector valve 1
ACC: To accumulator 1. Spool

ATT: To attachment 2. Spring
P1: From attachment selector solenoid valve
T: To hydraulic oil tank
TS: To hydraulic oil tank
V: To control valve
Unit: mm

Free length × Installed Installed Installed If damaged or
Free length
3 Spool return spring Outside diameter length load load deformed, replace
834 N 667 N spring.
132 × 29 114.5
{85.0 kg}
— {68.0 kg}
Function
q When a breaker is installed, the return oil from
the breaker does not pass through the main
valve, but returns directly to the hydraulic tank.
q When other attachments (crusher, etc.) are
installed, the attachment and the main valve
are interconnected.
Operation
1. When attachment other than breaker is 2. When breaker is installed
installed q Pilot pressure (P1) from the attachment circuit
q Spool (1) is pressed to the left by the force of selector solenoid valve compresses spring (2),
spring (2). moving spool (1) rightward to the stroke end.
q Ports (ATT) and (V) are interconnected and q Ports (ATT) and (V) are shut off and ports
ports (ATT) and (T) are shut off. Attachment is (ATT) and (T) are interconnected.
thus interconnected to the control valve. q Pressurized oil returning from the breaker
returns directly to the hydraulic tank via port (T)
without passing through the control valve.
Holding valve 1
(For the boom and arm)
CY: To work equipment cylinder

PCY: For pressure pickup port and equalizer circuit
PI: From PPC valve
T: To tank
V: From control valve
1. Pilot spool
2. Spool (1st stage spool)
3. Spring (2nd stage spool)
4. Safety valve
5. Check valve
6. Spring
Unit: mm

Free length
7 Check valve spring Outside diameter length load load
12.7 N 10.2 N
20.8 × 12.2 13.5
{1.3 kg}
— {1.04 kg} If damaged or
{6.0 kg}
78.5 N 62.8 N
{8.0 kg} — {6.4 kg}
126 N 100 N
{12.8 kg}
— {10.2 kg}
Function
q Prevents the pressurized oil from reversing
from the work equipment cylinder in order to
prevents sudden drift of the work equipment at
breaking of the piping between the control
valve and the work equipment cylinder.
Operation
1. When the work equipment lever is in neutral
When the piping is free of breakage If the piping is bursted

q Check valve (5) is closed under the holding q If piping (A) is broken between the control
pressure of the cylinder led from port (CY) to valve and the work equipment cylinder, cham-
chamber (b). bers (a) and (b) are shut off in the same way as
q At the neutral, pilot pressure led to port (PI) the piping is free from damages.
from the PPC valve is 0 MPa {0 kg/cm2}. q Pressure for the work equipment cylinder is
q Spool (1) is pressed to the left by the force of held to prevent a sudden drop of the work
springs (2) and (3) equipment.
q Chambers (a) and (b) are shut off.
q No pressurized oil flows between the control
valve and the work equipment cylinder.
q Accordingly, the work equipment is held in
position.
q If the work equipment cylinder has abnormally
high pressure, safety valve (4) is actuated by
the holding pressure of the work equipment
cylinder.
q Chambers (b) of L.H. and R.H. holding valve
for the boom are interconnected by port (PCY).
q Chambers (b) will have the same pressure if
the L.H. and R.H. holding valves have a differ-
ence in leakage.
2. When pressurized oil flows from the main

valve to the cylinder
When the piping is free of breakage

q Pressurized oil led to chamber (a) from the
control valve becomes higher than the com-
bined force of pressure from work equipment
cylinder circuit chamber (b) and spring (6).
q Check valve (5) opens and chambers (a) and
(b) are interconnected.
q Pressurized oil flows from the control valve to
the work equipment cylinder.
If the piping is bursted

q If piping (A) between the control valve and the
work equipment cylinder is broken, pressur-
ized oil in chamber (a) flows outside from the
damaged portion.
q Pressure force in chamber (a) drops.
q Pressure force in chamber (a) drops lower than
the combined pressure force of chamber (b)
and spring (6).
q Check valve (5) closes and chambers (a) and
(b) are cut off.
q Pressure for the work equipment cylinder is
held to prevent a sudden drop of the work
equipment.
3. When returning pressurized oil to the main

valve from the work equipment cylinder
When the piping is free of burst If the piping is bursted

q Holding pressure of the work equipment cylin- q If piping (A) bursts between the control valve
der is led to chamber (b) and check valve (5) and the work equipment cylinder.
closes. q Pressurized oil in chamber (a) flows out to the
q Pilot pressure from the PPC valve is led to port bursted portion but resupplied from chamber
(PI) and reaches [Pilot Pressure > Force of (b).
Spring (3)] (area of d). q Since pressurized oil flows via opening (c) of
q Spool (1) moves to the right to the standby spool (1), a sudden drop of the cylinder is pre-
position. (1st stage stroke) vented.
q At this point, chambers (a) and (b) are not
interconnected.
q Pilot pressure further rises, and reaches [Pilot
pressure > Force of spring (2)] (area of d).
q Spool (1) moves further to the right, and cham-
bers (a) and (b) are interconnected. (2nd stage
stroke)
q Pressurized oil returns to the control valve
from the work equipment cylinder.
UEN02234-00

© 2007 KOMATSU
All Rights Reserved
66
UEN02235-00
PC450-8
PC450LC-8
PC450LCD-8
PC450LCHD-8

PC450-8 K50001 and up
PC450LCHD-8 K50001 and up

Valve control ................................................................................................................................................... 2
PPC valve ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Solenoid valve............................................................................................................................................... 20
PPC accumulator .......................................................................................................................................... 22
Return oil filter ............................................................................................................................................... 23
Center swivel joint......................................................................................................................................... 24
Travel motor .................................................................................................................................................. 25
Swing motor .................................................................................................................................................. 37
Hydraulic cylinder.......................................................................................................................................... 46
Valve control 1
1. Travel PPC valve B. Boom (RAISE)

2. Service PPC valve C. Boom (LOWER)
3. Service pedal D. Bucket (DUMP)
4. L.H. travel lever E. Bucket (CURL)
5. R.H travel lever F. Hold
6. R.H. PPC valve G. Arm (IN)
7. R.H. work equipment control lever H. Arm (OUT)
8. Solenoid valve J. Swing (RIGHT)
9. Accumulator K. Swing (LEFT)
10. Control valve L. Neutral
11. Hydraulic pump M. Travel (REVERSE)
12. Junction box N. Travel (FORWARD)
13. L.H. work equipment control lever
14. L.H. PPC valve
Lever positions
A. Hold
PPC valve 1
Work equipment and swing PPC valve
P: From self pressure reducing valve

P1: L.H. PPC: Arm out/R.H. PPC: Boom lower
P2: L.H. PPC: Arm in/R.H. PPC: Boom raise
P3: L.H. PPC: Swing left/R.H. PPC: Bucket curl
P4: L.H. PPC: Swing right/R.H. PPC: Bucket dump
T: To tank
1. Spool 7. Joint
2. Metering spring 8. Plate
3. Centering spring 9. Retainer
4. Piston 10. Body
5. Disc 11. Filter
6. Nut (for lever connection)
Unit: mm
Centering spring Free length
12 (for ports P3 and P4) Outside diameter length load load
17.7 N 13.7 N If damaged or
42.5 × 15.5 34.0 —
{1.80 kg} {1.40 kg} deformed, replace
Centering spring 29.4 N 23.5 N spring.
13 (for ports P1 and P2) 44.5 × 15.5 34.0
{3.0 kg}
—
{2.40 kg}
16.7 N 13.7 N
14 Metering spring 26.5 × 8.15 24.9
{1.70 kg}
—
{1.40 kg}
Operation q The relationship of the position of spool (1) and

1. When in neutral body (10) [fine control hole (f) is in the middle
q Ports (A) and (B) of the control valve and ports between drain chamber (D) and pump pres-
(P1) and (P2) of the PPC valve are connected sure chamber (PP)] does not change until
to drain chamber (D) via fine control hole (f) in retainer (9) contacts spool (1).
spool (1). q Metering spring (2) contracts in proportion to
the stroke of the control lever.
q Pressure at port (P1) also rises in proportion to
q In this way, the control valve spool moves to a
position where the pressure of chamber (A)
(same as pressure at port (P1)) and the force
of the return spring of the control valve spool
are balanced.
2. During fine control

(Neutral fine control)
q When piston (4) is pushed by disc (5), retainer
(9) is pushed, spool (1) is also pushed by
metering spring (2), and moves down.
q When fine control hole (f) is shut off from drain
chamber (D), it is almost simultaneously inter-
connected to pump pressure chamber (PP).
q Pilot pressurized oil of the control pump is led
to port (A) from port (P1) via fine control hole
(f).
q When the pressure at port (P1) becomes
higher, spool (1) is pushed back and fine con-
trol hole (f) is shut off from pump pressure
chamber (PP). At almost the same time, it is
connected to drain chamber (D) to release the
pressure at port (P1).
q As a result, spool (1) moves up and down until
the force of metering spool (2) is balanced with
the pressure at port (P1).
3. During fine control 4. At full stroke

(When control lever is returned) q Disc (5) pushes down piston (4), and retainer
q When disc (5) starts to be returned, spool (1) is (9) pushes down spool (1).
pushed up by the force of centering spring (3) q Fine control hole (f) is shut off from drain
and the pressure at port (P1). chamber (D), and is interconnected to pump
q Because of this, fine control hole (f) is con- pressure chamber (PP).
nected to drain chamber (D), and the pressur- q Therefore, the pilot pressure oil from the self
ized oil at port (P1) is released. pressure reducing valve passes through fine
q If the pressure of port (P1) is lowered exces- control hole (f) and flows to chamber (A) from
sively, spool (1) is pushed down by metering port (P1) to push the control valve spool.
spring (2). q The oil returning from chamber (B) passes
q Fine control hole (f) is shut off from drain from port (P2) through fine control hole (f') and
chamber (D), and it is almost simultaneously flows to drain chamber (D).
interconnected to pump pressure chamber
(PP).
q Pump pressure is supplied until the pressure at
port (P1) recovers to the level equivalent to the
lever position.
q When the spool of the control valve returns,
the oil in drain chamber (D) flows in from fine
control hole (f') in the valve on the side that is
not working. The oil passes through port (P2)
and enters chamber (B) to replenish the cham-
ber with pressurized oil.
Travel PPC valve
P: From main pump

P1: L.H. reverse
P2: L.H. forward
P3: R.H. reverse
P4: R.H. forward
P5: Travel signal
P6: Steering signal
T: To tank
1. Plate
2. Body
3. Piston
4. Collar
5. Centering spring
6. Metering spring
7. Valve
8. Dumper
9. Steering signal spool
10. Steering signal spool spring
Unit: mm
Free length
11 Centering spring Outside diameter length load load
108 N 86.3 N If damaged or
48.6 × 15.5 32.5 —
16.7 N 13.7 N spring.
{1.7 kg}
—
{1.4 kg}
8.8 N 7.1 N
13 Steering signal spring 12.8 × 7.3 8.5
{0.9 kg}
—
{0.72 kg}
1. Pressure reducing valve q The relationship of the position of spool (1) and
body (10) [fine control hole (f) is in the middle
Operation between drain chamber (D) and pump pres-
1) When in neutral sure chamber (PP)] does not change until
q Ports (A) and (B) of the control valve and ports retainer (9) contacts spool (1).
(P1) and (P2) of the PPC valve are connected q Metering spring (2) contracts in proportion to
to drain chamber (D) via fine control hole (f) in the stroke of the control lever.
spool (1). q Pressure at port (P1) also rises in proportion to
q In this way, the control valve spool moves to a
position where the pressure of chamber (A)
(same as pressure at port (P1)) and the force
of the return spring of the control valve spool
are balanced.
2) During fine control

(Neutral fine control)
q When piston (4) is pushed by disc (5), retainer
(9) is pushed, spool (1) is also pushed by
metering spring (2), and moves down.
q When fine control hole (f) is shut off from drain
chamber (D), it is almost simultaneously inter-
connected to pump pressure chamber (PP).
q Pilot pressurized oil of the control pump is led
to port (A) from port (P1) via fine control hole
(f).
q When the pressure at port (P1) becomes
higher, spool (1) is pushed back and fine con-
trol hole (f) is shut off from pump pressure
chamber (PP). At almost the same time, it is
connected to drain chamber (D) to release the
pressure at port (P1).
q As a result, spool (1) moves up and down until
the force of metering spool (2) is balanced with
the pressure at port (P1).
3) During fine control q Therefore, the pilot pressure oil from the self
(When control lever is returned) pressure reducing valve passes through fine
q When lever (5) starts to be returned, spool (1) control hole (f) and flows to chamber (A) from
is pushed up by the force of centering spring port (P1) to push the control valve spool.
(3) and pressure at port (P1). q The oil returning from chamber (B) passes
q Because of this, fine control hole (f) is con- from port (P2) through fine control hole (f') and
nected to drain chamber (D), and the pressur- flows to drain chamber (D).
ized oil at port (P1) is released.
q If the pressure of port (P1) is lowered exces-
sively, spool (1) is pushed down by metering
spring (2).
q Fine control hole (f) is shut off from drain
chamber (D), and it is almost simultaneously
interconnected to pump pressure chamber
(PP).
q Pump pressure is supplied until the pressure at
port (P1) recovers to the level equivalent to the
lever position.
q When the spool of the control valve returns,
the oil in drain chamber (D) flows in from fine
control hole (f') in the valve on the side that is
not working. The oil passes through port (P2)
and enters chamber (B) to replenish the cham-
ber with pressurized oil.
2. Travel signal/Steering function
Travel signal
q Travel signal if either of the L.H. or R.H. travel
levers is operated, the higher PPC output pres-
sure of both sides is output as the travel signal.
q Accordingly, whether the machine is travelling
is judged by the signal of port (P5).
Steering signal
q If the operation quantities of both levers are dif-
ferent from each other as in the steering opera-
ti o n, t h e h i gh e r o n e o f t h e P P C o u t pu t
pressures of both sides is output as the steer-
ing signal.
q Any signal is not output from port (P6) while
the machine is travelling straight (forward or
4) At full stroke reverse) or in neutral.
q Lever (5) pushes down piston (4), and retainer
q Accordingly, whether the machine is being
(9) pushes down spool (1). steered is judged by the signal of port (P6).
q Fine control hole (f) is shut off from drain
chamber (D), and is interconnected to pump
pressure chamber (PP).
Operation
1) When in neutral
q No output is made from respective output ports

[from port (P1) to (P4)], travel signal [port (P5)]
and steering signal [port (P6)].
2) During straight travel
a The Illustration shows the circuit for travelling straight forward.
q When operating L.H. motor forward [port (P2)

output] and R.H. motor forward [port (P4) out-
put], pressure of both left spring chamber (k)
and right spring chamber (l) rises high.
q Steering signal spool (j) remains at neutral
position and does not output a steering signal
to port (P6).
3) When steered or pivot-turned
a The Illustration shows the circuit for left forward (slow) and right forward (fast) operation.
q If the operation quantities of both levers are dif- q Port (P4) pressure of the L.H. or R.H. PPC
ferent from each other as in the steering opera- valves, whichever having a higher output pres-
tion (if the difference of the pilot pressure sure, is output to port (P6) as the steering sig-
between both sides is higher than a certain nal.
level), the pilot pressure is output as the steer-
ing signal.
q The pressure in left spring chamber (k) of
steering signal spool (j) is (P2).
q The pressure in right spring chamber (l) is
(P4).
q When the pressure state reaches [(P4 – P2) ×
(Spool section) > Spring set load], the spool is
switched to the direction of the arrow.
4) When counter-rotated
a The illustration shows the circuit for travelling left reverse and right forward.
q When operating L.H. motor reverse [port (P1)

output] and R.H. motor forward [port (P4) out-
put], pressure of the right spring chamber (l)
only rises high.
q Steering signal spool (j) strokes to the left to
output the steering signal to port (P6).
Service PPC valve
a For the details of operation, see the paragraph of “Work equipment swing PPC valve.“
P: From self pressure reducing valve 1. Spool

P1: To service valve 2. Piston
P2: To service valve 3. Lever
T: To tank 4. Plate
5. Retainer
6. Body
Unit: mm
Free length
7 Centering spring Outside diameter length load load If damaged or
125 N 100 N deformed, replace
33.9 × 15.3 28.4 —
{12.7 kg} {10.2 kg} spring.
16.7 N 13.3 N
{1.70 kg}
—
{1.36 kg}
Solenoid valve 1
PPC lock, 2-stage relief, travel speed, swing brake, merge-divider, machine push-up and travel junc-
tion solenoid valves
1. PPC lock solenoid valve T: To tank

2. Travel junction solenoid valve A1: To PPC valve
3. Merge-divider solenoid valve A2: To main valve (Travel junction valve)
4. Travel speed solenoid valve A3: To main valve (Merge-divider valve)
5. Swing brake solenoid valve A4: To both travel motors
6. Machine push-up solenoid valve A5: To swing motor
7. 2-stage relief solenoid valve A6: To 2-stage safety valve at boom cylinder head
A8: To main valve (2-stage relief valve)
P1: From main pump
ACC: To accumulator
1. Connector 4. Spool
2. Moving core 5. Block
3. Coil 6. Spring
Operation
When solenoid is de-energized When solenoid is energized
q Since the signal current does not flow from the q The signal current flows from the controller to
controller, solenoid (3) is de-energized. For this solenoid (3), and the latter is energized.
reason, spool (4) is pushed to the left by spring Accordingly, spool (4) is pressed against to the
(6). By this operation, the pass from port (P) to right side. By this operation, the pressurized oil
port (A) is closed and the pressurized oil from from the main pump flows through port (P) and
the main pump does not flow into the actuator. spool (4) to port (A), then flows into the actua-
At this time, the oil from the actuator is drained tor. At the same time, port (T) closes and stops
through ports (A) and (T) into the tank. the oil from flowing to the tank.
PPC accumulator 1
1. Gas plug
2. Shell
3. Poppet
4. Holder
5. Bladder
6. Oil port
Specifications
Gas capacity: 300 cc (for PPC)
Return oil filter 1
For breaker
1. Drain plug Specifications

2. Filter Rated pressure: 6.9 MPa {70 kg/cm2}
3. Case
Flow: 200 l/min
4. Head cover Relief valve cracking pressure:
5. Relief valve
0.34 ± 0.05 MPa {3.5 ± 0.5 kg/cm2}
Filter mesh size: 6 µm
Filtering area: 4,570 cm2
Center swivel joint 1
1. Cover A1: To L.H. travel motor port PB

2. Body A2: From control valve port A2
3. Slipper seal B1: To L.H. travel motor port PA
4. O-ring B2: From control valve port B2
5. Shaft C1: To R.H. travel motor port PA
C2: From control valve port A5
D1: To R.H. travel motor port PB
D2: From control valve port B5
E: To L.H. and R.H. travel motors port P
T1: From L.H. and R.H. travel motors port T
T2: To tank
Unit: mm
Clearance between rotor and Standard size Standard clearance Clearance limit
6 shaft
Replace
80 — —
Travel motor 1
Type: KMV200ADT-2
PA: From control valve Specifications

PB: From control valve Type : KMV200ADT-2
PI: From travel speed solenoid valve Theoretical displacement
T: To tank (Min.) : 130 cm3/rev
(Max.) : 200 cm3/rev
Rated pressure : 37.3 MPa {380 kg/cm2}
Rated speed
(Capacity min.) : 2,650 rpm
(Capacity max.) : 1,550 rpm
Brake release pressure : 0.98 MPa {10 kg/cm2}
Travel speed selector pressure
(differential pressure) : 0.78 MPa {8 kg/cm2}
1. Output shaft
2. Motor case
3. Piston
4. Cylinder block
5. Valve plate
6. End cover
7. Slow return valve
8. Regulator piston
9. Plate
10. Disk
11. Check valve spring
12. Check valve
13. Counter balance valve spool
14. Spool return spring
15. Safety valve
16. Regulator valve
17. Spring
18. Brake spring
19. Brake piston
20. Check valve
Unit: mm
Free length
62.5 × 32.0 42.0 —
3.04 N 2.45 N spring.
{0.31 kg}
—
{0.25 kg}
98.1 N 78.5 N
23 Regulator piston spring 55.0 × 9.0 50.0
{10.0 kg}
—
{8.0 kg}
Operation of motor
1) At slow speed (motor swash plate angle at maximum)
q As the solenoid valve is de-energized, the pilot

pressurized oil from the self pressure reducing
valve does not flow to port (P).
q Regulator valve (16) is being pushed down by
spring (17).
q Pressurized oil conducted to end cover (6) by
pressing check valve (20) is then conducted to
chamber (b) via regulator valve (16).
q Force is generated on regulator piston (8) that
works in downward direction.
q Valve plate (5) and cylinder block (4) move in
the maximum tilt and roll angle direction,
increasing the motor capacity to the maximum
and thus turning on the low speed travel.
2) At high speed (motor swash plate angle at minimum)
q As the solenoid valve is energized, the pilot

pressurized oil from the self pressure reducing
valve flows to port (P).
q Regulator valve (16) is pushed upward.
q Pressurized oil in chamber (b) is drained to the
case and oil is conducted to chamber (a)
through regulator valve (16).
q Force is generated on regulator piston (8) that
works in upward direction.
q Valve plate (5) and cylinder block (4) move in
the minimum tilt and rotation angle direction,
decreasing the motor capacity to the minimum
and thus turning on the high speed travel.
Operation of parking brake

1) When starting travel
q As the travel lever is operated, pressurized oil

from the pump activates counterbalance valve
spool (13), opening the parking brake circuit.
q The pressurized oil is conducted to chamber
(e) of brake piston (19) and compresses spring
(18), pushing piston (19) toward right.
q Since the pushing force to plate (9) and disc
(10) disappears, plate (9) is separated from
disc (10) and the brake is released.
2) When travel is stopped
q As the travel lever is placed in neutral, counter- q As brake piston (19) returns, flow of pressur-
balance valve spool (13) returns to the neutral ized oil is reduced with slow return valve (7).
position and closing the parking brake circuit. q The time delay will be set to activate the brake
q Pressurized oil in chamber (e) of brake piston only after the machine has stopped.
(19) keeps flowing through the orifice of slow
return valve (7) until counter balance valve
spool (13) is returned to the neutral.
q As counter balance valve spool (13) is
returned to the neutral, pressurized oil is
drained to the case through orifice (f) of brake
piston (19).
q Brake piston (19) is pushed to the left by spring
(18).
q Plate (9) and disc (10) are pushed together,
and the brake is applied.
Brake valve Operation when pressurized oil is supplied

q The brake valve consists of check valves (1), q Operating the travel lever conducts the pres-
counterbalance valve (2) and safety valve (3). surized oil from the control valve to port (PA).
q Functions and operations of respective compo- q The pressurized oil push-opens check valve
nents shall conform to the following. (12A) and then flows to motor outlet port (MB)
via motor inlet port (MA).
1. Counterbalance valve and check valve q The motor outlet side is closed by check valve
(12B) and spool (13), so the pressure at the
Function supply side rises.
q When traveling downhill, the machine travel
speed tends to get faster than the motor
(engine) speed because of the downward force
generated from its own weight.
q If the machine travels with the engine at low
speed, the motor may rotate without load,
causing the machine to run away, resulting in a
very dangerous situation.
q These valves are used to prevent above by
controlling the machine to travel according to
the engine speed (pump delivery).
Operation of brake during travelling downhill

q The pressurized oil on the supply side flows to q If indication of the machine runaway is sensed
chamber (S1) via orifice (E1) and orifice (E2) of while travelling downhill, the motor will be
the spool (13). caused to rotate without load to decrease the
q As the pressure in chamber (S1) goes above inlet side oil pressure.
the spool selector pressure, spool (13) is q Pressure in chamber (S1) is released through
pushed toward right. orifices (E1) and (E2).
q Port (MB) and port (PB) are connected, open- q As the pressure in chamber (S1) goes below
ing the motor outlet port side and starting the the spool selector pressure, spool (13) is
motor rotating. returned to the left by spring (14) and outlet
port (MB) is throttled.
q The pressure at the outlet port side rises, gen-
erating rotation resistance on the motor to pre-
vent the machine from running away.
q The spool moves to a position where the pres-
sure on outlet port (MB) can be balanced
against the machine's own weight and the inlet
port pressure.
q Oil flow from the outlet circuit is reduced to
ensure the travel speed corresponded to the
pump delivery.
2. Safety valve
(bidirectional 2-stage set safety valve)
Function
q As long as the machine travel is stopped (or it q As the pressure goes above the set pressure,
is travelling downhill), the counterbalance [Difference in areas of circles (D1) and (D2) ×
valve closes the inlet and outlet circuits of the Pressure] compresses spring (2).
motor. q Poppet (1) is moved leftward and the pressur-
q Since the motor is rotated by inertial force, ized oil flows into chamber (MA) of the oppo-
pressure in the motor outlet port side is abnor- site circuit.
mally increased, potentially resulting in dam-
ages on the motor and piping.
q The safety valve releases this abnormal pres-
sure to the inlet port side of the motor in order
to prevent damages to the equipment.
Bidirectional action
1) When pressure in chamber (MB) has
become high (when rotating clockwise)
q As long as the machine travel is stopped (or it
is travelling downhill), the check valve of coun-
terbalance valve closes chamber (MB) of the
outlet port circuit.
q The motor tries to continue rotation resorting to
inertial force, thus pressure on the outlet port
(MB) is increased.
2) When pressure in chamber (MA) has Operation of mechanism for varying set pres-
become high (when rotating counterclock- sure
wise) 1) When starting travel (high-pressure setting)
q As long as the machine travel is stopped (or it q As the travel lever is operated, the pressurized
is travelling downhill), the check valve of coun- oil from the pump moves spool (19) toward
terbalance valve closes chamber (MA) of the right.
outlet port circuit. q Above opens the pilot circuit to the safety
q The motor tries to continue rotation resorting to valve, conducting the pressurized oil to cham-
inertial force, thus pressure on the outlet port ber (J) through chamber (G) and passage (H).
(MA) is increased. q Piston (3) is pushed rightward, spring (2) is
compressed and the set load is increased.
q High pressure is turned on the safety valve,
providing a large tractional force to the valve.
q As the pressure goes above the set pressure,

[Difference in areas of circles (D1) and (D3) ×
Pressure] compresses spring (2).
q Poppet (1) is moved leftward and the pressur-
ized oil flows into chamber (MB) of the oppo-
site circuit.
2) When travel is stopped (low-pressure set-

ting)
q When the travel lever is placed in neutral, the
pressure in chamber (PA) drops and spool (24)
returns to the neutral position.
q When spool (24) is in the process of returning
to the neutral position, the pressurized oil in
chamber (J) flows to chamber (PA) through
passage (H) and chamber (G).
q Piston (3) moves to the left side, decreasing
the set load.
q The safety valve is caused to the low pressure
setting, thereby attenuating the shocks when
the speed is reduced.
Set pressure of safety valve
High pressure setting: 40.2 MPa {410 kg/cm2}

(at start of travel and during travel)
Low pressure setting: 27.5 MPa {280 kg/cm2}

(during stop)
Swing motor 1
Type: KMF230ABE-5
B: From swing holding brake solenoid valve Specifications

MA: From control valve Type : KMF230ABE-5
MB: From control valve Theoretical displacement : 229.4 cm3/rev
S: From control valve Safety valve set pressure : 27.9 MPa {285 kg/cm2}
T: To tank Rated speed : 1,413 rpm
Brake release pressure : 1.9 MPa {19 kg/cm2}
1. Reverse prevention valve
2. Safety valve
1. Brake spring
2. Drive shaft
3. Spacer
4. Case
5. Disc
6. Plate
7. Brake piston
8. Housing
9. Piston
10. Cylinder block
11. Valve plate
12. Center shaft
13. Center spring
14. Check valve
15. Check valve spring
16. Shuttle valve
17. Shuttle valve spring
Unit: mm
Basic dimensions Repair limit
Free length
18 Check valve spring Outside diameter length load load If damaged or
66.5 × 25.6 45.0 — spring.
{0.71 kg} {0.57 kg}
7.45 N 5.98 N
19 Shuttle valve spring 24.5 × 11.6 14.5
{0.76 kg}
—
{0.61 kg}
Swing holding brake

1. When solenoid valve is de-energized 2. When solenoid valve is energized
Operation Operation
q As the swing holding brake is de-energized, q As the swing brake solenoid valve is ener-
the pressurized oil from the self pressure gized, the valve is switched.
reducing valve is shut off. q The pressurized oil from the self pressure
q Port (B) is connected to tank circuit (T). reducing valve is conducted brake chamber (a)
q Brake piston (7) is pushed down by brake via port (B).
spring (1). q After entering chamber (a), the pressurized oil
q Disc (5) and plate (6) are pushed together, and compresses brake spring (1) and pushes
the brake is applied. brake piston (7) up.
q Disc (5) is separated from plate (6), releasing
the brake.
Relief valve portion 2. When swing is stopped

q When the swing control lever is returned to
Outline neutral, the supply of pressurized oil from the
pump to port (MA) is stopped.
q The relief valve portion consists of check
q The pressurized oil from the motor outlet can't
valves (2) and (3), shuttle valves (4) and (5),
return to the tank since the returning circuit to
and relief valve (1).
the tank is closed from control valve (6). Thus,
pressure on port (MB) increases.
Function
q Rotation resistance is generated on the motor
q When the machine is in the swing holding and hence the brake starts working.
mode, control valve (6) closes the motor outlet q Shuttle valve (4) is pressed as pressure on
circuit, but the motor rotation is continued by port (MB) goes above port (MA).
inertial force. q The pressure on chamber (C) is increased to
q The motor output, therefore, is abnormally the s et p re s su re o f re lie f va lv e (1 ) an d
increased, resulting in damaging the motor. becomes the same as that of port (MB).
q In order to prevent the motor damages, the q A high braking torque works on the motor,
relief valve relieves the abnormally high pres- thereby stopping the motor.
sure to port (S) from the motor outlet side q When relief valve (1) is being actuated, the
(high-pressure side) of the motor. relieved pressurized oil and the pressurized oil
from port (S) are fed to port (MA) through
Operation check valve (3).
1. When starting swing q Above prevents cavitation on port (MA).
q When the swing control lever is operated to the
right- swing, the pressurized oil from the pump is
supplied to port (MA) through control valve (6).
q The pressure on port (MA) rises, the starting
torque is generated in the motor, and the motor
starts to rotate.
q The pressurized oil from the outlet port of the
motor passes from port (MB) through the con-
trol valve (6) and returns to the tank.
Reverse prevention valve
MA: From control valve

MB: From control valve
T1: To tank
T2: To tank
1. Valve body
2. Spool (MA side)
3. Spring (MA side)
4. Plug (MA side)
5. Spool (MB side)
6. Spring (MB side)
7. Plug (MB side)
Explanatory drawing of effects
Function 2. When motor is stopped temporarily

q This valve reduces the swing back generation q The motor rotation is reversed by the closing
in the swing body by the inertia of the swing pressure generated at port (MB). (1st time:
body, the backlash and rigidity of the machin- reverse rotation)
ery system, and the compression of the q Reversing pressure is generated on port (MA).
hydraulic oil when the swing is stopped. Pressure (MA) is conducted to chamber (a).
q The valve contributes in preventing collapsing q The pressure compresses spring (3) by use of
of load when the swing is stopped and also the difference in areas of circles (φD3 > φD4) of
contributes in reducing cycle time (enhances spool (2) and moves spool (2) to the right side.
the positioning performance, enabling you to q Port (MA) o chamber (b) will be intercon-
proceed to the next work quicker than ever). nected.
q Then ports (b) and (f) will be interconnected
Operation through the drilled hole (h) on spool (5). This
1. When port (MB) brake pressure is gener- interconnection bypasses the reversing pres-
ated sure on port (MA) to port (T), thereby prevent-
q Pressure (MB) is conducted to chamber (d) via ing the reverse rotation of the 2nd time.
notch (g).
q The pressure compresses spring (6) by use of
the difference in areas of circles (φD1 > φD2) of
spool (5) and moves spool (5) to the left side.
q Port (MB) o chamber (e) will be intercon-
nected.
q Since pressure (MA) is lower than the set pres-
sure of spring (3), spool (2) does not move and
the pressurized oil is kept in. Thus the braking
force is ensured.
Hydraulic cylinder 1
Boom cylinder
Arm cylinder
Bucket cylinder
Unit: mm
Standard Tolerance Standard Clearance
Cylinder
size Shaft Hole clearance limit
–0.036 +0.261 0.083 –
Boom 100 0.412
Clearance between –0.090 +0.047 0.351
1 piston rod and bushing Replace bushing
–0.036 +0.263 0.084 –
Arm 120 0.412
–0.090 +0.048 0.353
–0.036 +0.257 0.083 –
Bucket 110 0.447
–0.090 +0.047 0.347
–0.036 +0.169 0.136 –
Boom 110 —
–0.090 +0.100 0.259
Clearance between
–0.036 +0.169 0.136 –
2 piston rod support pin Arm 110
–0.090 +0.100 0.259
—
and bushing
–0.036 +0.187 0.133 –
Bucket 100 —
–0.090 +0.097 0.277 Replace pin or
–0.036 +0.190 0.106 – bushing
Boom 100 —
Clearance between –0.090 +0.070 0.280
cylinder –0.036 +0.195 0.135 –
3 bottom support pin and
Arm 110
–0.090 +0.099 0.285
—
bushing –0.036 +0.187 0.133 –
Bucket 100 —
–0.090 +0.097 0.277
UEN02235-00

© 2007 KOMATSU
All Rights Reserved
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PC450 (LC, HD) - 8 UEN02233-00 Hydraulic System

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UEN02233-00

HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR 1SHOP MANUAL

Machine model Serial number

10 Structure, function and

Hydraulic equipment layout

Hydraulic tank and filter 1

1. Oil filler cap Specifications

BMP: Breather installation port

q With centre line (X) of rocker cam (4) at a

Control of pump delivery

PA: Pump port 1. Sleeve

2) Action for the direction of maximizing the pump delivery

3) Action for the direction of minimizing the pump delivery

q When LS differential pressure (EPLS) becomes

4) When servo piston is balanced

PA: Pump port 1. Plug

Function q If the engine speed goes below the specified

1) When pump controller is normal

q As a result, the pressure on port (C) rises and

q The relationship between the average pump

q If command voltage (X) sent to PC-EPC valve

(1) When the main pump is under light load

(2) When the main pump is under heavy load

2) When signal current is very small 3) When signal current is maximum

4. Variable volume valve

PC450/LC/LCD/LCHD-8 Hydraulic excavator

HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR 1SHOP MANUAL

Machine model Serial number

10 Structure, function and

1. Pressure compensation valve (Arm out)

No. Check item Criteria Remedy

1. Safety-suction valve (Arm out)

No. Check item Criteria Remedy

R.H. travel valve

No. Check item Criteria Remedy

L.H. travel valve

No. Check item Criteria Remedy

Boom Hi and arm Hi valve

1. Boom Hi check valve

LS differential pressure ( PLS) and pump

a For details of functions, see the “Hydraulic

2. Pressure compensation control

q A pressure compensation valve is installed to

a The illustration shows actuator (7) in the merge

1. Front pump 9. LS circuit

Functions and operation by valve 1

1. Arm valve 42. 2-stage safety-suction valve

1. LS circuit 4. Tank circuit

q During operation (a work within a scope of dis- 2. Operation of relief valve

Pressure compensation valve

1. Hydraulic pump 4. Piston

Function q As principle, port (C) and spring chamber (E)

Integrated pressure compensation valve

3. Pressure compensation valve area ratio

Pressure compensation valve inner shuttle valve

2. In the case of travel

Boom regeneration circuit

Arm regeneration circuit