CH0303 - Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics-II( 09.5.2022 Monday, 10 - 11.

30am)

PURPOSE
This course helps the students to obtain a proficiency in applying thermodynamic principles to
the solution of a variety of energy flow and equilibrium problems.

INSTRUCTIONAL
To familiarize:
Non-ideal behaviour aspect of systems of variable compositions
Thermodynamics of flow processes
Refrigeration and liquefaction
The concept of vapor/liquid equilibrium
The concept of chemical equilibrium

1. SYSTEMS OF VARIABLE
Non-Ideal behavior: Partial properties and their evaluation, Fugacity and fugacity coefficient of
pure substances and components in solution, generalized correlations for the fugacity coefficient,
excess properties.
Activity coefficient and its estimation from VLE data: van Laar equation, Margulus equation,
Willson equation, Gibbs Duhem's equation.

2. THERMODYNAMICS OF FLOW PROCESSES

Introduction, duct flow of compressible fluids: pipe flow, nozzles, throttling process.
Compression processes: compressors, pumps, introduction to ejectors.

3. REFRIGERATION AND LIQUEFACTION

Carnot refrigerator, vapor-compression cyle, choice of refrigerant, absorption refrigeration, heat
pump, liquefaction processes: Linde liquefaction process, Claude liquefaction process.

4. INTRODUCTION TO VAPOR/LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM

The nature of equilibrium, phase rule: Duhem's theorem, Pxy and Txy diagrams, simple models
for VLE, Raoult's law, Dewpoint and bubblepoint calculations with Raoult's law for binary
mixtures, Henry's law, VLE by modified Raoult's law, VLE from K-value correlations, flash
calculations.

5. CHEMICAL REACTION EQUILIBRIA

Reaction coordinate, application of equilibrium criteria to chemical reactions, standard Gibbs-
energy change and the equilibrium constant, effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant,
evaluation of equilibrium constants. Relation of equilibrium constants to composition: gas-phase
reactions, liquid-phase reactions, equilibrium conversions for single reactions: single- phase
reactions.

TEXT BOOK
Smith, J.M., Van Ness, H.C., and Abbott, M.M.,Introduction to Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics, 6th Edn., McGraw Hill International Edition, Singapore 2001

REFERENCE BOOKS
Stanley I. Sandler, Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics, 2nd Edn., John Wiley & Sons,
USA, 1989
Rao Y.V.C, Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, University Press (I) Ltd., Hyderabad,
1997
B.G. Kyle, Chemical Process Thermodynamics, 2nd Edn., Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
New
Delhi, 2000
 CH0305 - Heat Transfer (10.5.2022 Tuesday, 2-3.30pm)

PURPOSE
This course deals with different modes of heat transfer and their applications in process industries.

To familiarize:
Heat conduction phenomena
Convective heat transfer phenomena
Various aspects of heat exchangers
Radiation phenomena
Evaporation Operation

1. HEAT CONDUCTION
Introduction to various modes of heat transfer, Fourier's law of heat conduction, effect of temperature
on thermal conductivity, steady-state conduction, compound resistances in series, heat flow through a
cylinder, critical radius of insulation in pipes.

2. CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER

Heat flux, average temperature of fluid stream, overall heat transfer coefficient, LMTD, individual
heat transfer coefficients, relationship between individual and overall heat transfer coefficients.
Concept of heat transfer by convection, natural and forced convection, application of dimensional
analysis for convection, heat transfer to fluids without phase change: heat transfer coefficient
calculation for natural and forced convection, heat transfer to fluids with phase change: heat transfer
from condensing vapours, dropwise and film-type condensation, heat transfer coefficients calculation
for film-type condensation.

3. HEAT-EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT
Typical heat exchange equipment, counter current and parallel-current flows, enthalpy balances in:
heat exchanges, total condensers.
Double pipe exchanger, single-pass 1-1 exchanger, 1-2 parallel-counterflow exchanger, 2-4
exchanger, heattransfer coefficients in shell-and-tube exchanger, coefficients for crossflow, correction
of LMTD foe crossflow. Condensers: shell-and-tube condensers, kettle-type boilers, Calculation of
number of tubes in heat exchangers.

4. RADIATION
Concept of thermal radiation, emissive power, black body radiation, Kirchoff's law, Stephen -
Boltzman's law, energy exchange between; two large parallel planes, two parallel planes of different
emissivity. Radiation intercepted by a shield, spheres or cylinders with spherical or cylindrical
enclosures, radiation energy to a completely absorbing receiver.

5. EVAPORATION
Introduction, single- and multiple- effect operation, long tube vertical evaporators, agitated-film
evaporators, evaporator capacity, BPE and Duhring's rule, evaporator economy, enthalpy balances for
single effect evaporator. Multiple effect evaporators, methods of feeding, capacity and economy of
multiple effect evaporators, multiple effect calculations.

TEXT BOOK
Warren L. Mccabe, Julian C. Smith and peter Harriott, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering,
6th Edn., McGraw Hill International Edition, NewYork 2001

REFERENCE BOOKS
William H. McAdams, Heat Transmission, 3rd Edn., McGraw Hill, New York, 1954
Coulson J.M., Richardson J.F., Backhurst J.R. and Harker J.M.,Coulson & Richardson's
Chemical Engineering, Vol. I, 6th Edn., Butter worth Heinemann, Oxford, 1999
Donald Q. Kern, Process Heat Transfer, Tata McGraw Hill Book Co., New Delhi, 1997
 CH0208 - Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics-I (11.5.2022 Wednesday, 10 -11.30am)

PURPOSE
This course deals with i. the limitations imposed on the transformation of energy from one form
to another and ii. the calculation and prediction of the properties of a substance that are related to
energy.

To familiarize:
Basic concepts and first law of thermodynamics
Volumetric properties of pure fluids
Second law of thermodynamics
Thermodynamic properties of fluids
Ideal behaviour aspect of systems of variable compositions

1. BASIC CONCEPTS AND FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Basic concepts: work, energy, heat, internal energy, extensive and intensive properties, state and
path functions, First law of thermodynamics, energy balance for closed systems, equilibrium, the
reversible process, constant-v and constant-p processes, enthalpy, heat capacity, energy balances
for steady-state flow processes.

2. VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS PVT

behavior of pure substances, virial equations of state, the ideal gas, equations for process
calculations(for an ideal gas in any mechanically reversible closed-system process): isothermal
process, isobaric process, isochoric process, adiabatic process, and polytropic process.
Application of the virial equations, introduction to cubic equations of state: van der Waals
equation, Redlich/Kwong equation, theorem of corresponding states; acentric factor.

3. SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Statements, heat engines, Carnot's theorem, ideal-gas temperature scale; Carnot's equations,
concept of entropy, entropy changes of an ideal gas undergoing a mechanically reversible
process in a closed system, mathematical statement of the second law, entropy balance for open
systems, statement of the third law of thermodynamics.

4. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

Property relations for a homogeneous fluid of constant composition in a closed system:
Maxwell's equations, enthalpy and entropy as functions of T and P, internal energy as a function
of P, internal energy and entropy as functions of T and V.
Two-phase systems: temperature dependence of the vapor pressure of liquids, two-phase
liquid/vapor systems. Thermodynamic diagrams. Tables of thermodynamic properties.

5. SYSTEMS OF VARIABLE COMPOSITIONS

Ideal behavior: fundamental property relationships, chemical potential and phase equilibria, ideal
gas mixtures, ideal solution.

TEXT BOOK
Smith, J.M., Van Ness, H.C., and Abbott, M.M.,Introduction to Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics, 6th Edn., McGraw Hill International Edition, Singapore 2001

REFERENCE BOOKS
Stanley I. Sandler, Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics, 2nd Edn., John Wiley & Sons,
USA, 1989
Rao Y.V.C, Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, University Press (I) Ltd., Hyderabad, 1997
B.G. Kyle, Chemical Process Thermodynamics, 2nd Edn., Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., New
Delhi, 2000
 CY0104 - Mater ial Technology (12.05.2022 Thur sday, 2 - 3.30Pm)

PURPOSE
This course provides a basic concept of chemistry of materials required for general chemical engineers.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJ ECTIVES

To develop analytical capability to characterize, transform and use materials in engineering to have in
depth knowledge of chemistry of material
Knowledge on the important aspects of Chemistry of ferrous metal, and alloys of non ferrous metals.
Knowledge on some selected composites and building materials

1. NATURE OF MATERIALS
Selection process of engineering materials (General aspects) - Chemical and physical properties of
materials. Definitions of various properties of chemical and physical properties - chemical structure:-Micro
and macro structure -corrosion resistant - chemical reactivity. Mechanical properties - stress, strain,
strength, hardness, malleability, ductility-elasticity-plasticity-toughness, thermal stability. Types of
deformation: Plastic, viscous, plastic deformation of single crystal, poly crystalline metals: slip, twinning,
dislocations - visco elasticity - creep in metals, amorphous materials.

2. METRALLURGY
Extractive Metallurgy: Hydro, pyro and electro metallurgy - refining of metals. Powder Metallurgy:
methods of production of metal powder - Mixing of metal powders - compaction of powders - applications.
Extraction process of Iron: manufacture of pig iron - blast furnace operations - chemistry of reactions.
Manufacture of cast iron - varieties of cast iron - effect of impurities. Production of steel - Bessemer
process - open-hearth process - L D methods. Classification of steel - effect of impurities - heat treatment:
annealing, hardening, tempering, normalizing & gas carburizing. Fe- Carbon phase diagram.

3. NON - FERROUS METALS, ALLOYS

Extraction of Copper, Nickel, Lead - methods involved - properties and applications. Alloys of Cu, Ni and
Pb - brasses- bronzes-cupro nickel-nickel with Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Mo - super alloys. Lead alloys - Pb with Sb,
Sn. - applications.

4. COMPOSITES AND ADHESIVES

Polymer composites - introduction - Types of composites - particle reinforced - fiber reinforced - structural
composites - examples. Matrix materials, reinforcement materials:- Kevuleor, Polyamides, fibers, glass,
carbon fibers, ceramics and metals - examples. Techniques for producing FRP, - applications. Adhesives:
introduction - classification - development of adhesive strength - Bonding process - physical and chemical
factors influencing adhesive action, example of synthetic adhesive and application.

5. BUILDING MATERIALS
Refractories: properties of refractories - acidic, basic and neutral - manufacture of refractories - common
refractory bricks - insulating refractories. Ceramics: Classification - fabrication methods of clay, silicon
carbide alumina, silicon nitride - Properties of important engineering ceramics - applications. Abrasives:
classification - applications.

TEXT BOOKS
Khanna O.B., Text book of Material science and Metallurgy, Danpat Rai Publications, 1999
Dara S.S., A text book of Engineering Chemistry, Revised edition S.Chand and company Ltd.,
2003
REFERENCES
Rajput R.K., A Text book of Material Science and Engineering, S.K Kataria & sons, Delhi 2003
Agarwal C.V., Chemistry of Engineering materials, Tata McCraws Hill 1997
R.B.Gupta, A Text book of Material Science and Process, Tech India publications
William F.Smith, Foundation of Materials Science and Engineering, new edition, Tata McCraw
Hill, 1998, Lawrence, H.Vanvlack, Elements of Material Science and Engineering