CHAPTER – 1

Abstract

The focus of this paper is to present a car lifting jack review of the automatic jack
system that have been developed with primary focus on hydraulic motorized
system. The paper includes a review of automobile car jack and design of
automatic car jack. A description of the scientific significance of the work and the
industrial implications arising from review study of automatic car jack is also
presented. Automobile car jack is becoming prevalent in the automobile working
industry for establishing the property which allow to apply less effort to lift heavy
load. The primary reason for design of automatic jack is to reduce effort, as
increase in efficiency of jack and design should be ergonomic, i.e. avoidance of
complex posture and position of jack operator. As we found that generation of car
jack is improve day by day, previously use of toggle jack is most widely for light
commercial vehicle, screw jack for heavy vehicles. But now a day’s use of
hydraulic system and pneumatic system in car jack is increased. This system
reduces effort to lift load. But the complex posture and position of operator while
operation is remain same. Hence, Need to design a motorised car jack. But in case
of failure of electronic system jack is not able to work manually. From literature
study we found that, in hydraulic system bottled jack is more efficient than any
other. The aforementioned reasons have led to research activity in the area of
motorized jack which is operated by more than two way like, electronically as well
as manually. Key Words: Hydraulic, Motorised, Electronic, Bluetooth, Wifi,
Manual.

1 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

Introduction

Roy etal.[1],detailed information about the very first jack which was been
introduced in the automobile industry. The jack used earlier need much effort to lift
the vehicle for changing the tire. But now the changing of the tires has been easy,
due to the introduction of the new pneumatic jack. The working of that pneumatic
jack was simple, the person just needs to connect the jack to the electrical driven
compressor or compressor driven by engine doing so the jack use to get working
the vehicle use to get lifted. The jack was stable and easy to operate. Inflation
pressure for most standard-sized cars is in the range of 20-25 psig. The pneumatic
jack was compact and so it can be stored within the spare wheel. Today’s
automobile offers limited space and uncertain lifting methods and so this offers the
chassis engineer considerable freedom of choice.

Nitinchandra etal.[2], the study related to the toggle jack design, testing and result
obtained with different materials. It was found that the toggle is compact and easy
to use as compared to the other jack that are available in the market. In this toggle
jack it was found that the distribution of load is symmetric and uniform. The
Toggle jack reduce the force required for lifting the vehicle in order to change tire
or minor repair. The toggle jack design is simple and consist of the eight main
components I.e. the four parts are power screw driven and other four parts are for
loading conditions. Here the unique design of the toggle jack been introduced to lift
heavy loads at the stable state with the unique conditions. The main parts of the
toggle jack are screw and nut, the screw is the moving part and the nut is the
stationary part. The materials of the screw and nut were been checked for different
materials and loading conditions from 1kN to 5kN, it was found that the alloy steel
for screw and phosphorus bronze for nut was the most best suitable combination.
Sainath.etal.[3], the information about the basic jack along with the types of Jack’s
used in the automobile industry, the design procedure of mechanical hydraulic jack
is also been studied. The classification of the jack is based on the forces employed,

2 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

the mechanical jack includes car jack and house jack, the other is the hydraulic jack
they are bottle jack and floor jack. After the proper study and research, it was found
that the hydraulic jack is stronger and can lift the heavy loads at the height
required. The hydraulic jack are the most efficient and reliable jack available in the
market,they lift the vehicle with the less human effort and with the help of the
pressure generated inside the cylinder and oil present inside the cylinder. The
calculation are been done in order to get the proper dimension of the jack and make
the jack more efficient than the earlier. Pawar etal. [4], the design of a screw jack
and its automation are been introduced. The jack operation was easy and less effort
was required to lift the jack it was also much more reliable than the usual basic jack
that are manually operated and were used earlier. Now the modification are been
done in the screw jack made the operation automatic I.e the motorised screw jack
was introduce in the automobile industry, the jack was compact and much more
reliable. After several studies and researches the screw jack it was been found that
the jack was easy to operate, reliable, easy to move and store due to desirable size.
Asonye etal. [5], the study is about the design and fabrication of hydraulic jack
using remote controlled system and the jack is tested for its effectiveness by
varying loads up to

5tons. The hydraulic jack available in the market are manually operated and
required more efforts to lift the load. Taking into consideration the effort required
for lifting the load which was not easy to operate the remote-controlled system for
hydraulic jack was been introduced. This jack was remotely controlled so its was
easy to operate as compared to the usual jack available in the market. The main
components used were a 12V battery, DC Motor, Crank lever mechanism. The aim
of making this jack was to reduce the effort required to lift the load and make its
easy and simple for operation at any loads. The results obtained were very effective
and it was found that the time required to lift was minimum depending upon the
weight, this remotecontrolled system jack was found reliable than the manual jack

3 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

available in the market Sudarsan etal. [6], they have designed a automatic hydraulic
Jack. The motive of design this project is to provide a button to lift heavy load,
because there are mechanical Jack’s which is difficult to operate and requires more
effort and also the Jack are to huge to carry, during the tire puncher in the ruler
area, hilly regions, forest area etc. It is difficult to charge the tire with the
mechanical Jack, so they have designed a automatic hydraulic Jack which is easy to
operate and carry. The automatic Jack is operated by pressing a button which is
mounted on a dashboard. Masiwal etal. [7], they have designed a hydraulic Jack for
four wheelers, the purpose of designing this project is to reduce the mechanical
effort and it helps to save lots of time while repairing the puncher tire as compared
to earlier method. It consists of main components like piston cylinders which is
welded on the chassis of vehicle. When the driver presses the brake pedal the
pressurized brake oil passes through non-retune valve and move to the piston, the
piston cylinder which result in lifting, the puncher side of the vehicle Jayapradha
etal. [8],they have designed the hydraulic jack of self-jacking the main purpose of
design is that the driver can operate inside the car itself and it also consumes less
effect and time compared of mechanical Jack’s. The hydraulic Jack are mounted on
the frame and the motors are used to control the jack and it connected with the
crankshaft and also the suspension springs are attached on the side, the 12v battery
is provided to run the motor, the hydraulic Jack is operated by the help of button
which is mounted on the dashboard. This project is easy to mount on chassis or
frame and it’s easy to servicing of vehicles. When the vehicle gets punctured this
system is very helpful to replace the tires and no need to carry external Jack.
Sharvanan[9], lifting of Automobiles vehicle has used by built-in hydraulic jack
it’s consists of main parts like hydraulic cylinders, lead screw and solenoid valves.
It’s operated by pressing a button that has been provided on dashboard. The
hydraulic jack is self-lubricated and fixed asset with a pump, which helps to a fluid
to force into a cylinder. A vehicle is lifted by the help of lead screw and the

4 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

 DC motor. The main motive to design this project is to reduce the human
efforts while lifting of a vehicle. Kamalakkannan etal. [10], they have fabricated
the manually operated screw Jack to a motorized screw jack to lift the heavy loads.
The manually operated screw jack required more effort to lift the load compare to
motorized screw Jack. The motorized screw Jack is easy to operate by pressing a
given button to lift the loads, it is very useful in Automobile service centre to
service a car. The main reason to design the motorized screw jack is to keep away
from the tiredness of a human during lifting of the load. The cost of this project is
less and its efficient to operate. Barewar etal. [11], they have fabricated a screw
jack to automatic. The screw jack is a device which is used to lift the heavy loads
with the application of small force. The effort which is required to operate the
screw jack is made easy and reliable by using 12V DC motor, the motor works
with the battery used in vehicle. The rotary motion is transferred from motor to
lead screw through worm gear drive. The gear which is mounted on motor shaft is
pinion and the driver gear is mounted on lead screw caused to transfer rotary
motion. By fabrication of screw Jack it is easy to operate and lift the heavy loads
by pressing the switch. Batriwala etal.[12], they have review on failure of screw
Jack which is used to lift light motor vehicles during servicing. This review is
meanly target that the how much scissor jack can sustain the load and also the
stresses analysis and life of various parts like power screw, base plate etc. There
main aim is to make the Jack light and chipper and strength. Brigham etal. [13], in
UG engineering courses slider crank mechanism is used for examining machine
kinematics and resulting dynamic forces. Determination of the position, velocity,
acceleration, and shaking forces generated by slider crank mechanism during an
operation can be obtained analytically. From analytical calculations certain factors
are often neglected, that cause difference between results and experimental data.
Record of kinematics and Dynamics forces data during operation can be made
which can be further compared to analytical values by mounting transducer to

5 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

mechanism. Chandrakarv etal. [14], in the field of mechanical engineering the
mechanism which is mostly used is slider crank mechanism. Combustion ignition
and spark ignition engine use slider crank mechanism and in today's era it plays
absolute necessity. Over past 20 years, extensive work has been conducted in the
study of dynamic behavior of interconnected rigid or flexible bodies, i.e.
kinematics and dynamics effects of the slider and crank mechanics. Design
software such as MSC. ADAMS were used to develop the simulation model of
slider and crank mechanism. Response of reaction forces at joint between crank
shaft and connecting rod is observed by performing simulation at different crank
speed. An artificial intelligence technique predicts the design parameter based on
simulation model. Venkateswarlu etal. [15], Power electronic converter controlls
various electrical machine like DC motor, brushless DC motor, permanent magnet
DC motor. With the invention of micro controller and power devices likes IGBT,
power MOSFET controls have become more precise. An attempt to imitate the
appearance or character of a speed control of separately excited DC motor with
PID and fuzzy controller has come in light in this paper. Providing efficient method
to control speed comprehensive study of modelling analysis and speed control
design methods has been demonstrated in this paper. Fuzzy controller for
comprehensive study of modelling analysis and speed control design method has
been demonstrated with the availability of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Tae – Yang
etal. [16], a light weight library to develop Bluetooth related application in Android
environment for wireless sensor network is presented. Enquiry, authorization and
connect are some basic steps which can be applied for Bluetooth based
communication. Beginners find the development difficult to handle Bluetooth even
though google provided a Bluetooth handling API as an Android SDK and a
tutorial. For an ease to use API in Android platform considering the difficulties, to
help developers develop Bluetooth application easily they designed a standard
library which is called Mosca Bluetooth. Yang-Hang etal.[17], location of target or

6 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

cell phone position from the measured RSSI (received signal strength Indication)
strength is abled using the built in Bluetooth in the cell phone as the positioning
device. In this paper, the use of 3-point localization method helps to determine the
location of a target node, 3 RSSI values are collected from 3 test points in this
method. Kshirasagar etal. [18], unknown special characteristics of co channel
interference which were discussed till date are revealed in this paper. In Bluetooth
piconet, master’s device address and its native clock determine the channel hop
frequency at any instant of time. The Bluetooth device address and the asynchrony
among their native clock determines the packet interference rate in a certain cluster
of Bluetooth masters. Poonam etal. [19], bluetooth Based Smart Automation
System Using Android, in this project they focused on to reduce human effort. As
the word automation is automatic control of operating devices which helps to
reduced human efforts. In today’s world, wireless technology plays important role
in the automation. Home automation is one of the technologies emerging these
days. It can be operated with in 100m and the Bluetooth which is mainly used for
data exchange, the idea behind this paper is to control home appliances like lights,
fan and also it provides home security and emergency alerts to be activated. It also
helps in saving the energy at the night. This project is not going to help common
people but also it helps disable and senior citizens. Cotta etal. [20], the transfer of
information between 2 or more points that are not connected by an electrical
conductor is called wireless communication. Among wireless technologies radio is
most commonly used. IR wireless communication, satellite communication,
broadcast radio, microwave radio, Bluetooth, Zigbee are different types of wireless
communication. Wireless communication using HC 05 Bluetooth module, network
topology and interfacing Bluetooth with Arduino has been discussed in this paper.
Wadhani etal. [21], the brief idea about the use of IOt (internet of things) and how
this technology been used in day to days life making the life of the human being
easy and simple. IoT is the technology which is related to all the wireless devices

7 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

which controls the several devices from one device, the project has made use of
this IoT technology in automation of smart home and security techniques. The
Arduino is used for interfacing the sensors. The components in use are Arduino
UNO Board, Relay, DC Motor, Flex sensor, Wi-Fi Module, Reed Relay sensor,
Flame sensor, Accelerometer, Arduino IDE, LDR. The electronically control
device data is been uploaded on the cloud and control through the programmed
wireless device. The aim of the project was the application of IoT in smart home
automation and security system making the home more secured for human beings.
Kang etal. [22], the project is about the IoT (Internet of Things) along with uses
and application. The user has to just provide the input and the output is obtained it
may be work done or machine or some other wireless device. Due to this IoT
technique may several devices can be controlled through one single device for this
both the device is connected to the same network. The study gives the idea of how
IoT is used everywhere and made reliable for use. Using this technique, the user
just needs to provide command feed and the other side we get output within in
seconds, for e.g. if a operator gives input to operate the machine using a wireless
device the operator command is passed on the machine and the machine does the
job. With the use of IoT the user can get the output or work done with or without
His/her presence. Bhagat etal. [23], the study of IoT and its application in the
automobile sector. As now the car parking has become the most major problem, to
park car in public places like market place, malls etc the driver needs to first find
out the empty space in which the most of the car fuel gets used just only to find the
space for parking a car. This IoT technology has solved this problem of finding the
space for car parking at public. The operation is simple as soon as the car enter the
parking place the systems detects the empty space and informs to the system and
then space gets reserves the space by not allowing the many user to reserve the
same parking space, to avoid the multi-user approach problem (MUAP) during
parking reservation procedure the system has a Multi-Queuing Mechanism

8 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

(MPQM) . After studying and searching the research papers and collecting the
information about the hydraulic jack and the automation done in the project it was
observed that the use of jack is still difficult to operate, the womens, senior citizens
and handicapped people are still finding it difficult to operate the hydralic jack
while changing the tires in case of emergency. So the research are still going on in
order to make ease for operation

9 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

II. LITERATURE REVIWE

Blaise Pascal (2013) - have Worked on the principal of hydraulic power and

operated by 12 Volt DC current, solves the all major problem of maintenance of all

automobiles specially the heavy vehicles like truck and bus. Kenneth J. Waldron

and Robert B.McGhee (1986) - provides a description of the Adaptive Suspension

Vehicle. The vehicle uses a legged, rather than a wheeled or tracked, locomotion

principle, and is intended to demonstrate the feasibility of systems of this type for

transportation in very rough terrain conditions. The vehicle is presently under test,

with installation and validation of software modules for different operational

conditions scheduled for com-pletion by the end of 1986. N.K. Mandavgade (2012)

–studied that Automobile hydraulic jack can be easily operated by a single push

button provided on the dash board. The jack will be installed on both the sides of

chassis according to the weight distributions of the car. The system operates on

hydraulic drive which consists of three main parts: hydraulic pump, driven by an

electric motor, hydraulic cylinder to lift the vehicle.The car gets lifted and load gets

distributed on three point i.e., plunger or ram of hydraulic cylinder and two tires

opposite to side which is lifted. Dr. Ramachandra C G, Krishna Pavana, Shivraj

Shet and Venugopal Reddy, Virupaxappa B (2013) – have presented that whenever

any vehicles undergo a tyre failure, it becomes a very cumbersome task for the

person to lift the vehicle from the ground level and lot of manual effort is required

10 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

even though a jack is used. Musa Nicholas, Abodunrin Tosin Oladipo Sarafadeen

(2016) - have studied that in order to mitigate the problems associated with the use

of a single jack and other lifting devices to raise cars completely off the ground to

effect repairs.P. S. Borkar, S. V. Sontakke, R. R. Dorwe, A. B. Ganorkar, S. P.

Lokhande (2015)-have studied application of pressurized air to produce mechanical

motion. Pneumatic jack is a fabricated model which when installed in four wheeler,

will ease in the problems arising in the conventional operated jack. Balkeshwar

Singh, Anil Kumar Mishra.(2015) - This research paper analyzes the modification

of the existing motor screw jack by incorporating an electric motor in the screw in

order to make load lifting easier. In this modified design, the power screw is

rotated by connecting motor through universal coupling, plugged to the automobile

12 V battery source to generate power for the prime mover (motor), which

transmits its rotating speed to the power screw to be rotated with required speed

reduction and increased torque to drive the power screw. Mohammed Siddique

Ahmed, MohdRiyazUddin ,Faraz Ur Rehman Azhar, Md Shaffi ( 2014 )- A jack is

a device that uses force to lift heavy loads. The primary mechanism with which

force is applied varies, depending on the specific type of jack, but is typically a

screw thread or a hydraulic cylinder. Jacks can be categorized based on the type of

force they employ: mechanical or hydraulic. Mechanical jacks, such as car jacks

and house jacks, lift heavy equipment and are rated based on lifting capacity (for

11 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

example, the number of tons they can lift). Hydraulic jack tend to be stronger and

can lift heavier loads higher, and include bottle jacks and floor jacks.

PROBLEM DEFINATION

Mechanical jack requires more effort moreover not suitable for uneven surfaces. It

requires more power consumption also Maintenance is quite high as well as

Suitable for small capacity and requires skilled labour. The purpose of this project

is to modify the design of existing car jack in terms of its functionality and also

human factors considerations. General idea of the project is to minimize the human

effort while operating the jack. To provide an inbuilt hydraulic jacking system that

is directly and permanently incorporated into the vehicle frame in such a way as to

prevent the additional risk of damage.

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The hydraulic jack is a device used for lifting heavy loads by the application of

much smaller force. It is based on Pascal’s law, which states that intensity of

pressure is transmitted equally in all directions through a mass of fluid at rest. The

working principle of a hydraulic jack may be explained with the help of Fig.

Consider a ram and plunger, operating in two cylinders of different diameters,

which are interconnected at the bottom, through a chamber, which is filled with

some liquid. An excellent style manual for science writers is given by Young [7].

12 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

Comparing with mechanical jack, our project helps to save more time and man

power during lifting the car. The project construction is simple and compact. It is

easy to installation and easy to carry. Our project is applicable for the cars whose

ground clearance is below 130 mm, and the car weight should be below 3500kg.

VI. CONCLUSION T

he challenges that a new product faces is not just to meet social necessities but also

to build a product that is worth as regard of its cost and utility. Pessimistic dorks

predict that it could not be don but this gloomy out looks obviously neglect the

inventive genius of the building engineers .things changes quietly without warning

which makes old rules to lose their meaning. Just yesterday this conventional jack

was the most widely used, tomorrow it will be obsolete. Enter the bright new

innovative idea, for your lifestyle and status, the grandeur of “Automatic hydraulic

jack” is the end product of concerted process in design aesthetics, value edition and

comfort engineering and high grade materials backed by a hard core service team.

Yet some of the ingredients remain the same. With these extra cost owners of car

can get facility, which they are very happy to own of their cars. It is very

convenient system and its use will be very popular if any entrepreneur’s introduced

the system in the market.

13 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

Specific objectives

The project will be divided into the following specific objectives that will aid
in achieving the main objective.

 Design and assemble a power supply unit.

 Design and assemble of Microcontroller board.
 Assmble ir Sensor.
 Design the Driver Module.
 Designing Supply circuit.

3.6. POWER SUPPLY:

The +5 volt supply is useful for both analog and digital circuits. DTL, TTL,
and CMOS ICs will all operate nicely from a +5 volt supply. In addition, the +5
volt supply is useful for circuits that use both analog and digital signals in various

14 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

ways. More importantly for our purposes, the +5 volt supply will be used as the
primary reference for regulating all of the other power supplies that we will build.
We can do this very easily if we use operational amplifiers as the controlling
elements in the power supply circuits. We'll see how this works after completing
the basic +5 volt supply.

Schematic Diagram

Fig. 3.1 +5 volt power supply

The +5 volt power supply is based on the commercial 7805 voltage

regulator IC. This IC contains all the circuitry needed to accept any input
voltage from 8 to 18 volts and produce a steady +5 volt output, accurate to
within 5% (0.25 volt). It also contains current-limiting circuitry and thermal
overload protection, so that the IC won't be damaged in case of excessive load
current; it will reduce its output voltage instead.

The 1000µf capacitor serves as a "reservoir" which maintains a reasonable

input voltage to the 7805 throughout the entire cycle of the ac line voltage. The
two rectifier diodes keep recharging the reservoir capacitor on alternate half-
cycles of the line
voltage, and the

15 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

 capacitor is quite capable of sustaining any reasonable load in between

charging pulses.

The 10µf and .01µf capacitors serve to help keep the power supply output
voltage constant when load conditions change. The electrolytic capacitor
smooths out any long-term or low frequency variations. However, at high
frequencies this capacitor is not very efficient. Therefore, the .01µf is included
to bypass high-frequency changes, such as digital IC switching effects, to
ground.

The LED and its series resistor serve as a pilot light to indicate when the
power supply is on. I like to use a miniature LED here, so it will serve that
function without being obtrusive or distracting while I'm performing an
experiment. I also use this LED to tell me when the reservoir capacitor is
completely discharged after power is turned off. Then I know it's safe to
remove or install components for the next experiment.

Parts List (power supply)

16 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

 Fig. 3.2 Power Supply and Component

To construct and test the +5 volt power supply on your breadboard, you will
need the following parts (all available from Radio Shack):

 (1) 1K, ¼-watt resistor (brown-black-red). 

 (1) 0.01 µf or larger ceramic disc capacitor. 
 (1) 10 µf, 35 volt electrolytic capacitor. 
 (1) 1000 µf, 35 volt electrolytic capacitor. 
 (2) silicon rectifier diodes. 
 (1) 7805 +5 volt voltage regulator IC. 
 (1) miniature red LED. 
 Black hookup wire. 
 Red hookup wire. 
 Yellow hookup wire. 

You will also need your longnose pliers, diagonal cutter, wire stripper, and
voltmeter.

Testing the +5 Volt Supply

Set your voltmeter to measure DC voltages up to 20 volts, and connect the

black (Common or Ground) lead to the negative lead of the 1000µf capacitor.
Connect the red lead to the upper end of the 0.3" red jumper wire. Turn on
your voltmeter, then turn on power to your transformer and power supply
circuit.

You should measure a steady +5 volts (+4.75 to +5.25) here, at the power
supply output, and the red pilot LED should turn on. If you get these results,

17 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

 move your red voltmeter lead to the positive lead of the 1000µf reservoir
capacitor. You should see about +17 volts here, possibly higher.

If you get the correct results, turn off your power supply and voltmeter, and
skip down to the Discussion below. If your results are different, quickly note
the results you did obtain; then turn power off and look through the following
troubleshooting chart.

Output voltage is steady at +5, but LED remains off.

LED is reversed. Remove it and re-insert it in the opposite direction. Then

try the power supply again.Resistor is the wrong value or connected incorrectly.
Make sure it is a 1K resistor (brown-black-red) and is connected fron the lower end
of the red jumper to the left (anode) end of the LED. Then try the power supply
again.

Output voltage rises to +5 volts, but then declines steadily.

One or both electrolytic capacitors is reversed. The reversed one will be

warm or hot to the touch. If you leave power on too long, it will explode and leave
a large mess to be cleaned up. Check and correct capacitor orientation, and then try
the power supply again.

Output voltage is negative.

Your main rectifier diodes are installed backwards. Refer back to the
assembly diagram and install them correctly.

Output voltage is incorrect.

7805 voltage regulator is installed incorrectly or is defective. Verify correct

installation and replace if necessary.Once you are sure that your power supply is

18 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

working correctly in all respects, turn off power to your circuit and your voltmeter.
Then move down to the concluding discussion below.

CHAPTER - 5

5. PIN DIAGRAM

19 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

 Fig. 5.1 Pin Diagram of Arduino UNO
5.1. PIN Specification:
Serial Pins
The serial pins of an Arduino board are TX (1) and RX (0) pins and these
pins can be used to transfer the TTL serial data. The connection of these pins can
be done with the equivalent pins of the ATmega8 U2 USB to TTL chip.

External Interrupt Pins

The external interrupt pins of the board are 2 & 3, and these pins can be
arranged to activate an interrupt on a rising otherwise falling edge, a low-value
otherwise a modify in value.

20 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

PWM Pins

The PWM pins of an Arduino are 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, & 11, and gives an output of
an 8-bit PWM with the function analog Write ().

SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) Pins

The SPI pins are 10, 11, 12, 13 namely SS, MOSI, MISO, SCK, and these
will maintain the SPI communication with the help of the SPI library.

LED Pin
An arguing board is inbuilt with a LED using digital pin-13. Whenever the
digital pin is high, the LED will glow otherwise it will not glow.
TWI (2-Wire Interface) Pins
The TWI pins are SDA or A4, & SCL or A5, which can support the
communication of TWI with the help of Wire library.

AREF (Analog Reference) Pin

An analog reference pin is the reference voltage to the inputs of an analog
i/ps using the function like analog Reference().

Reset (RST) Pin

This pin brings a low line for resetting the microcontroller, and it is very
useful for using an RST button toward shields which can block the one over the
Arduino R3 board.

Communication
The communication protocols of an Arduino Uno include SPI, I2C,
and UART serial communication.

21 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

UART
An Arduino Uno uses the two functions like the transmitter digital pin1 and
the receiver digital pin0. These pins are mainly used in UART TTL serial
communication.
I2C
An Arduino UNO board employs SDA pin otherwise A4 pin & A5 pin
otherwise SCL pin is used for I2C communication with wire library. In this, both
the SCL and SDA are CLK signal and data signal.
SPI Pins
The SPI communication includes MOSI, MISO, and SCK.

MOSI (Pin11)
This is the master out slave in the pin, used to transmit the data to the
devices

MISO (Pin12)
This pin is a serial CLK, and the CLK pulse will synchronize the
transmission of which is produced by the master.

SCK (Pin13)
The CLK pulse synchronizes data transmission that is generated by the
master. Equivalent pins with the SPI library is employed for the communication of
SPI. ICSP (in-circuit serial programming) headers can be utilized for
programming ATmega microcontroller directly with the boot loader.

22 IOT Based Hydralic Jack

23 IOT Based Hydralic Jack
 CHAPTER - 6

6. MICROCONTROLLER (ATMEGA 328)

ATmega 328 has 1KB Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only

Memory (EEPROM). This property shows if the electric supply supplied to the
micro-controller is removed, even then it can store the data and can provide results
after providing it with the electric supply. Moreover, ATmega-328 has 2KB Static
Random Access Memory (SRAM). Other characteristics will be explained later.
ATmega 328 has several different features which make it the most popular device
in today’s market. These features consist of advanced RISC architecture, good
performance, low power consumption, real timer counter having separate
oscillator, 6 PWM pins, programmable Serial USART, programming lock for
software security, throughput up to 20 MIPS etc. ATmega-328 is mostly used
in Arduino. The further details about ATmega 328 will be given later in this
section.

6.1. Specification:

 ATmega328 is an 8-bit and 28 Pins AVR Microcontroller, manufactured by

Microchip, follows RISC Architecure and has a flash type program memory of
32KB.
 It has an EEPROM memory of 1KB and its SRAM memory is of 2KB.
 It has 8 Pin for ADC operations, which all combines to form PortA ( PA0 – PA7
).
 It also has 3 builtin Timers, two of them are 8 Bit timers while the third one is
16-Bit Timer.
 You must have heard of Arduino UNO, UNO is based on atmega328
Microcontroller. It’s UNO’s heart.

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 It operates ranging from 3.3V to 5.5V but normally we use 5V as a standard.
 Its excellent features include the cost efficiency, low power dissipation,
programming lock for security purposes, real timer counter with separate
oscillator.
 It’s normally used in Embedded Systems applications. You should have a look
at these Real Life Examples of Embedded Systems, we can design all of them
using this Microcontroller.

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 CHAPTER

7.2. L298N Motor driver

Fig 7.2 L298N Motor Driver

L293d IC is known as a motor driver. It is a low voltage operating device like

other ICs. The other ICs could have same functions like L293d but
they cannot provide the high voltage to the motor. L293d provides the continuous
bidirectional Direct Current to the Motor. 

The Polarity of current can change at any time without affecting the whole IC

or any other device in the circuit. L293d has an internal H-bridge installed for
two motors.

H-Bridge is an electrical circuit that enables the load in a bidirectional way.

L293d bridge is controlled by external low voltage signals. It may be small in size,
but its power output capacity is higher than our expectation. It could control any
DC motor speed and direction with a voltage range of 4.5 – 36 Volts. Its diodes

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also save the controlling device and IC from back EMF. To control the max
600mA amount of current an internal “Darlington transistor sink” installed in it,
which could be used to control a large amount of current by providing a small
amount of current. It has also internal “pseudo-Darlington source” which amplifies
the input signal to control the high voltage DC motor without any interception.

- 7.2.1. PIN CONFIGURATION OF L298N

Table 7.2 Pin Configuration of L298N

Pin 1 is known as the enable pin. It has a major effect on Input and
output. If there is High logical signal on enable pin (EN) then there w
Pin 1 (Enable)
be input and output between pin 2,3,6 & 7 (Input 1, Output 1, Input
Output 2)

Mostly input means where we provide the input to give the output. B
Pin 2 (Input 1)
here Input 1 means which polarity we want to give at Output 1.

Pin 3 (Output
Output 1 is the input of the first motor/Motor 1. It attaches to its one
1)

Pin 4 (Ground) The ground pin will attach to the ground of the circuit.

The ground pin will be attached to the ground, and it will remain
Pin 5 (Ground)
common with the previous ground.

Pin 6 (Output Output 2 will attach to the input of the first motor/Motor 1. It will at
2) to its second end.

Pin 7 (Input 2) Input 2 will attach to the control button or device to control the Outp

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 just like Input 1.

Pin 8 is the voltage pin for Motor. It will device how much power w
Pin 8 (Vcc) going to attach the Motor. This Power should not be more than 36 v
and should not be less than 4.5 volts.

Pin 9 is also the same as Pin 1. It controls the input and output signa
Pin 9 Controls the connection between Input 3, Input 4, Output 3 an
Pin 9 (Enable)
Output 4. It also enables the connection when the logic signal will b
High (1).

Input 3 will control the output polarity of the Pin 11 (Output 3) by lo

Pin 10 (Input 3)
signals.

Pin 11 (Output
Output 3 will be connected to the one end of the second motor.
3)

Pin 12
Pin 12 will attach to the common ground with all other grounds.
(Ground)

Pin 13 Pin 13 will also be attached to the common ground with all other
(Ground) grounds.

Pin 14 (Output
Pin 14 will attach to the second end of the second motor.
4)

Pin 15 will control the output polarity of the Pin 14 (Output 4) by lo

Pin 15 (Input 4)
signals.

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 Pin 16 will the Power we will provide to the L293D to activate it or
Pin 16 (Vcc) turn it on. The power level of Pin 16 should be 4.5 – 7Volts. Voltage
more than 7 will burn the IC

- 7.2.2. FEATURES OF L293D

 L293d could be used to control the two motors at the same time.
 It has the ability to control the speed by using the enable pin.
 The direction is also easy to change.
 Voltage supply range is higher than other IC. Voltage range between 4.5-36
volts can easily handle by the IC to the motor.
 The motor has a maximum continuous range of current close to 600mA but
the maximum peak current range is 1.2A
 It has an automatic shutdown system on thermal condition.
 Its working range is from 0 – 70 degree which is much higher for any small-
sized IC.
 It has an internal back emp protection for IC and the controlling device.

7.5. BD139 POWER TRANSISTOR

Fig. 7.5 BD139 Power Transistor

BD139 is a Bipolar NPN transistor, it is mounted in the SOT-32

plastic package. It is designed for audio amplifier and driver utilizing

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 complementary circuits. BD139 has a gain value of 40 to 160, which determine
the amplification capacity of a transistor. It has three main pinouts which are a
collector, base and emitter. It is used to control (On/Off) bigger loads that
consume less than 1.5A.

BD139 is used in different industrial projects such as RF amplifier and

Switching Circuits. In today’s post, we will have a look at its pinout, Arduino
interfacing, applications, Specifications, etc. I will also share some links where I
have interfaced it with other microcontrollers. If you have any question about it
please ask in comments I will resolve your problems. So, let’s get started with a
basic.

- 7.5.1. SPECIFICATION

 BD139 is a Bipolar NPN transistor, mounted in the SOT-32 plastic package and

is designed for audio amplifier and driver utilizing complementary circuits.
 Gain Value of BD139 ranges from 40 to 160. (Gain Value of any transistor
helps in determining its amplification capacity)
 The maximum value of current, which can pass through collector pin, is 1.5A, so
if you are working on this transistor then make sure that your load must be less
than 1.5A.

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 CHAPTER - 8

SOFTWARE INFORMATION (ARDUINO IDE):

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in
functions from C and C++. It is used to write and upload programs to
Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help of 3rd party cores, other
vendor development boards.
The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General
Public License, version 2. The Arduino IDE supports the
languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring. The Arduino
IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides
many common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires
two basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that
are compiled and linked with a program stub main() into an
executable cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain, also included
with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to
convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is
loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's
firmware. By default, avrdude is used as the uploading tool to flash the user
code onto official Arduino boards.

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 CHAPTER – 9

9. COMPONENT & COST:

Table 9.1. Component & Cost

Sr.no. Component Quantity Cost

3 L298n 1 160
4 4 100
5 Gear Motor 1 1200
6 Regulator 1 15
7 LM2596 2 220
8 Power Supply 1 70
chasis Ms 1 350
Node Mcu 1 450
Dc 12v battery 1 650
12 Arduino Uno 1 450
13 1 225
14 Zero PCB 3 150
15 4 720
16
17 Switch 3 15
18 Resister 70 70
19 LED 10 10
20 Diode 4 4
21 Capacitor 2 10
22

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 23
24 1 800
25 1 250
26 100 50
27 10 200
28 Screw 20 40
29 Spray Black 2 70
30 Dummy Wheels 2 80
31 400
32 Wires
33 Battery Connector 2

TOTAL 10,374

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 1.

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