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Introduction To Scientific and Engineering Computation (BIL 110E)

The document provides an introduction to the C programming language. It discusses why computers and computer programs are needed, defines what C is and why it is commonly used. It also describes machine languages, assembly languages, and high-level languages like C. The document presents examples to illustrate problem solving methodology in C, including defining a problem, sample input/output, working through a hand calculation, developing an algorithm, and testing a program.

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Ali Dincer
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18 views7 pages

Introduction To Scientific and Engineering Computation (BIL 110E)

The document provides an introduction to the C programming language. It discusses why computers and computer programs are needed, defines what C is and why it is commonly used. It also describes machine languages, assembly languages, and high-level languages like C. The document presents examples to illustrate problem solving methodology in C, including defining a problem, sample input/output, working through a hand calculation, developing an algorithm, and testing a program.

Uploaded by

Ali Dincer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Scientific

and Engineering
Computation
(BIL 110E)

Lecture 1
Introduction to C programming

Introduction
• As engineers and scientists why do we need computers?
A computer is a device that can perform computations and makes logical
decisions billions of times faster than human beings can.
• Why do we need computer program ?
A computer is a machine that performs operations that are specified with a
set of instructions called a program.
• What is C ?
C is a high level programming language. The C language was first
developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Labs.
• Why C ?
C is one of the most popular general purpose programming language.

C can easily be used for system-level operations, that’s why it is called


medium level programming language.
2

1
Computer Languages

1-) Machine Language:


that is defined by its hardware design is
written using two symbols which are
usually represented using the digits 0 and
1 (binary).

2-) Assembly Language:


is also unique to a specific computer
design. But instructions are written in
English-like statements instead of binary.

3-) High – level Language:


have English-like commands and
instructions. Include C, FORTRAN etc.
Writing programs is easier.
3

High-level Languages
Advantages of high-level languages including C:

Readability : Programs are easy to read.

Maintainability: Programs are easy to maintain.

Portability: Programs are easy to port across different computer


platforms.

Each high-level programming language needs a compiler (simply


interpreter) to translate instructions into machine language
4

2
C Development Environment

Translate C codes to machine language

Central Prosessing Unit

Problem Solving Methodology

1. State the problem clearly

2. Describe the input and output information

3. Work a simple example by hand

4. Develop an algorithm and convert it to a computer


program

5. Test the solution with a variety of data

3
Example

Problem statement:
– Should be clear and avoid any misunderstanding.

“Compute the distance between two points in a plane.”

Example

Input/Output Description :
– Information that is given and the values to be computed.

Point 1
Distance between two
points

Point 2

4
Example

Hand Example :
p1  (1,5)
p2  (4,7) (4,7)
side2
2 2
dist  ( side1 )  ( side2 ) (dis)

 (4  1) 2  (7  5) 2 (1,5)

side1
 13
 3.61

Example
Algorithm Development :
– Algorithm is a step-by-step outline of the problem
solution, in other words simple operations performed one
after another.

1. Give values to the points.

2. Compute the lengths of the sides of the right triangle.


(side1 and side2).

3. Compute the hypotenuse of the triangle which is also


the distance between the two points. (distance)

4. Print the value of distance.

10

5
Example 1
/*--This program computes the distance between two points-----*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
main()
{
/*----- Declare and initialize variables----- */
double x1=1, y1=5, x2=4, y2=7;
double side1, side2, dist ;

/*----- Compute sides of the right triangle-- */


side1=x2-x1;
side2=y2-y1;
dist=sqrt(side1*side1+side2*side2);

/*----- Print distance on the screen--------- */


printf(“The distance between the two points is %5.2f \n”,dist);

/*----- Exit program ------------------------ */


return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

11

Example 2
#include <stdio.h>

int main () {
int ch;

for( ch = 75 ; ch <= 100; ch++ ) {


printf("ASCII value = %d, Character = %c\n", ch , ch );
}

return(0);
}

12

6
Example

Testing :
– Data from the hand example can be used for testing.

The output of the program is:

The distance between the two points is 3.61

13

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