AP Physics C: Mechanics Practice Test 1

Section I

PHYSICS C

Physics C has two exams: Physics C (Mechanics) and Physics C (Electricity and Magnetism):

Physics C (Mechanics) Physics C (Electricity and Magnetism)

First 45 min. Sec. I, Multiple Choice Sec. I, Multiple Choice

35 questions 35 questions

Second 45 min. Sec. II, Free Response Sec. II, Free Response
3 questions 3 questions

You may take just Mechanics or just Electricity and Magnetism, or both. If you take both, you will receive a separate grade for
each. Each section of each examination is 50 percent of the total grade; each question in a section has equal weight. Calculators are
permitted on both sections of the exam. However, calculators cannot be shared with other students and calculators with typewriter-
style (QWERTY) keyboards will not be permitted. On the following pages you will find the Table of Information that is provided to
you during the exam.

If you are taking

— Mechanics only, please be careful to answer numbers 1–35;
— Electricity and Magnetism only, please be careful to answer numbers 36–70;
— the entire examination (Mechanics and Electricity and Magnetism), answer numbers 1­–70 on your answer sheet.

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 Section I

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C TABLE OF INFORMATION

CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Proton mass, mp = 1.67 × 10–27 kg Electron charge magnitude, e = 1.60 × 10–19 C
Neutron mass, mn = 1.67 × 10–27 kg 1 electron volt, 1 eV = 1.60 × 10–19 J
Electron mass, me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg Speed of light, c = 3.00 × 108 m/s
Avogadro’s number, NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1 Universal gravitational constant, G = 6.67 × 10–11 (N•m2)/kg2
Universal gas constant, R = 8.31 J/(mol K) Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.8 m/s2
Boltzmann’s constant, kB = 1.38 × 10–23 J/K at Earth’s surface,
1 unified atomic mass unit, 1 u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg = 931 MeV/c2
Planck’s constant, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J•s = 4.14 × 10–15 eV•s
hc = 1.99 × 10–25 J•m = 1.24 × 103 eV•nm
Vacuum permittivity, e0 = 8.85 × 10–12 C2/(N•m2)
Coulomb’s law constant, k = 1/(4pe0) = 9.0 × 109 (N•m2)/C2
Vacuum permeability, m0 = 4p × 10–7 (T•m)/A
Magnetic constant, k′ = m0/(4p) = 1 × 10–7 (T•m)/A
1 atmosphere pressure, 1 atm = 1.0 × 105 N/m2 = 1.0 × 105 Pa

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F

kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T
UNIT
second, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius, °C
SYMBOLS
ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, W electron volt, eV
kelvin, K joule, J henry, H

VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

q 0° 30° 37° 45° 53° 60° 90°
sinq 0 1/2 3/5 2 /2 4/5 3/2 1

cosq 1 3/2 4/5 2 /2 3/5 1/2 0

tanq 0 3 /3 3/4 1 4/3 3 ¥

PREFIXES The following assumptions are used in this exam.

Factor Prefix Symbol I. The frame of reference of any problem is inertial unless otherwise
stated.
10 9
giga G
II. The direction of current is the direction in which positive charges
106 mega M would drift.
103 kilo k III. The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from an isolated
10 –2
centi c point charge.
10 –3
milli m IV. All batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated.
V. Edge effects for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor are
10 –6
micro m
negligible unless otherwise stated.
10 –9
nano n
10 –12
pico p

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 Section I

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

vx = vx0 + axt a = acceleration  1 q1q2 A = area
E = energy FE = B = magnetic field
1 4 πε0 r 2
x = x0 + vx0t + 2 axt2 F = force C = capacitance
f = frequency  d = distance
 F
vx2 = vx 0 2 + 2 ax ( x − x0 ) h = height E= E E = electric field
  I = rotational inertia q e = emf
 ΣF F net J = impulse F = force
a= = Q
m m K = kinetic energy ∫ E ⋅ dA = ε I = current
 k = spring constant 0 J = current density
 d p l = length L = inductance
F= dV
dt L = angular momentum Ex = − l = length
dx
   m = mass    n = number of loops of
J = ∫ F dt = ∆p P = power ∆V = − ∫ E ⋅ dr   wire per unit length
  p = momentum N = number of charge
p = mv r = radius or distance 1 q   carriers per unit

  T = period V= ∑ i
4 πε0 i ri  volume
Ff ≤ µ FN t = time P = power
U = potential energy 1 q1q2 Q = charge
  v = velocity or speed U E = qV = q = point charge
DE = W = ∫ F ⋅ dr 4 πε0 r
W = work done on a system R = resistance
x = position Q r = radius or distance
1
m = coefficient of friction ∆V = t = time
K = 2 mv2 C
q = angle U = potential or stored
dE t = torque κε0 A  energy
P= C=
dt ω = angular speed d V = electric potential
  a = angular acceleration v = velocity or speed
P = F⋅ v f = phase angle C p = ∑ Ci r = resistivity
i
F = flux
DUg = mgDh   k = dielectric constant
1 1
v 2 FS = − k∆x =∑
ac = = ω 2r Cs C
i i   
r 1 FM = qv × B
   US = 2 k(Dx)2 dQ
τ=r ×F I=
x = xmaxcos(ωt + f) dt
  ∫ B ⋅ d = µ0 I
 Στ τnet 2π 1 1 1 
α= = T= = UC = 2 QDV = 2 C(DV)2  µ Id  × r
I I ω f dB = 0
ρl 4π r 2
R=
I = ∫ r 2 dm = Σmr 2 m A   
TS = 2π
k   F = ∫ Id × B
Σmi xi E = ρJ
xcm =
Σmi l BS = m0nI
TP = 2π I = Nevd A
g  
v = rω ∆V ΦB = ∫ B ⋅ dA
     I=
L = r × p = Iω Gm1m2 R
FG = dΦB
r2
Rs = ∑ Ri
ε= ∫ E ⋅d =−
dt
1
K = 2 Iω2 Gm1m2 i
UG = dI
ω = ω0 + at r 1 1 ε=−L
=∑ dt
Rp i Ri
1
q = q0 + ω0t + 2 at2 1
P = IDV UL = 2 LI2

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 Section I

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY CALCULUS

Rectangle A = area df df du
C = circumference =
A = bh dx du dx
V = volume
S = surface area d n
Triangle b = base ( x ) = nx n −1
dx
h = height
1 l = length
A = 2 bh d ax
w = width (e ) = ae ax
dx
r = radius
Circle
s = arc length
d 1
A = pr2 q = angle (ln ax ) =
dx x
C = 2pr
d
s = rq [sin(ax )] = a cos(ax )
dx

Rectangular Solid d
[cos(ax )] = − a sin(ax )
dx
V = lwh
1 n +1
∫x dx = x , n ≠ −1
n
Cylinder x
n +1
r

V = pr2l
θ 1 ax
∫e dx =
ax
S = 2prl + 2pr2 e
a

Sphere dx
∫ x + a = ln x + a
V = 4 pr3
3
1
S = 4pr2 ∫ cos(ax ) dx = a sin(ax )
Right Triangle 1
a +b =c
2 2 2 ∫ sin(ax ) dx = − a cos(ax )

a VECTOR PRODUCTS
sinq = c
c a  
A ⋅ B = AB cosθ
b 90°
cosq = θ
c  
b A × B = AB sin θ
a
tanq =
b

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 Section I

PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
SECTION I
Time—45 minutes
35 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the
one that is best in each case and then mark it on your answer sheet.

1. A rock is dropped off a cliff and falls the first half of the
distance to the ground in t1 seconds. If it falls the second
FT
half of the distance in t2 seconds, what is the value of
t2/t1? (Ignore air resistance.)

(
(A) 1 2 2 ) m
θ
R
•

(B) 1 2
(C) 1/2
(D) 1 − 1 ( 2 ) 5. In the figure shown, a tension force FT causes a particle of
(E) mass m to move with constant angular speed ω in a hori-
2 −1
zontal circular path (in a plane perpendicular to the page)
of radius R. Which of the following expressions gives the
2. A bubble starting at the bottom of a soda bottle experi- magnitude of FT? (Ignore air resistance.)
ences constant acceleration, a, as it rises to the top of the
bottle in some time, t. How much farther does it travel mω 2 R
(A)
in the last second of its journey than in the first second? (B) m ω 4 R 2 − g 2
Assume that the journey takes longer than 2 seconds.
(C) m ω 4 R 2 + g 2
(A) a(t + 1 s)2
(B) a(t – 1 s)2 (
(D) m ω 2 R − g
)
(C) at2
(E) m (ω R + g )
2

(D) a(t + 1 s)(1 s)

(E) a(t – 1 s)(1 s)
6. An object (mass = m) above the surface of the Moon
(mass = M) is dropped from an altitude h equal to the
3. An object initially at rest experiences a time-varying Moon’s radius (R). With what speed will the object strike
acceleration given by a = (2 m/s3)t for t ≥ 0. How far the lunar surface?
does the object travel in the first 3 seconds?
(A) 9m (A) GM / R
(B) 12 m (B) GM / (2 R )
(C) 18 m
(D) 24 m (C) 2GM / R
(E) 27 m
(D) 2GMm / R
(E) GMm / (2 R )
4. What is the benefit of raising an object using an inclined
plane instead of simply lifting the object? Assume ideal
conditions.
(A) The amount of force needed to move the object is
reduced.
(B) The amount of time needed to move the object is
reduced.
(C) The distance the object must be moved is reduced.
(D) The amount of work needed to move the object is
reduced.
(E) The power that must be exerted will be reduced.
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 Section I

7. Two pendulums are constructed in such a way that they 10. A uniform cylinder, initially at rest on a frictionless,
are identical except that one has a hanging mass of m horizontal surface, is pulled by a constant force F from
and the other has a hanging mass of 2m. Both hanging time t = 0 to time t = T. From time t = T on, this force is
masses are set into motion such that each system has the removed. Which of the following graphs best illustrates
same total mechanical energy. Assume that the motion the speed, v, of the cylinder’s center of mass from t = 0 to
approximates simple harmonic motion. Comparatively, t = 2T?
the system with the lesser mass will have greater
(A)
(A) maximum speed and maximum angle of
displacement
(B) frequency and maximum angle of displacement v
(C) period and maximum speed
(D) frequency only time
(E) maximum angle of displacement only

8. A uniform cylinder of mass m and radius r unrolls without (B)

slipping from two strings tied to a vertical support. If the
rotational inertia of the cylinder is 12 mr2, find the accel- v
eration of its center of mass.
time
(A) 14 g

(B) 12 g (C)

(C) 13 g
v
(D) 23 g
time
(E) 3 g
4
(D)
 F
v

time
9. A space shuttle is launched from Earth. As it travels up,
it moves at a constant velocity of 150 m/s straight up. If
(E)
its engines provide 1.5 ´ 108 W of power, what is the
shuttle’s mass? You may assume that the shuttle’s mass
and the acceleration due to gravity are constant.
v
(A) 6.7 ´ 102 kg
(B) 1.0 ´ 105 kg
time
(C) 6.7 ´ 105 kg
(D) 1.0 ´ 106 kg
(E) 2.3 ´ 106 kg

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 Section I

11. A satellite is in circular orbit around Earth. If the work 13. A rubber ball (mass = 0.08 kg) is dropped from a height
required to lift the satellite to its orbital height is equal to of 3.2 m and, after bouncing off the floor, rises almost
the satellite’s kinetic energy while in this orbit, how high to its original height. If the impact time with the floor is
above the surface of Earth (radius = R) is the satellite? measured to be 0.04 s, what average force did the floor
exert on the ball?
(A) 12 R
(A) 0.16 N
(B) 23 R (B) 16 N
(C) 32 N
(C) R
(D) 36 N
(D) 23 R (E) 64 N
(E) 2R
14. A disk of radius 0.1 m initially at rest undergoes an
angular acceleration of 2.0 rad/s2. If the disk only rotates,
12. A block of length ℓ1 = 10 cm, mass m1 = 10 kg, and
find the total distance traveled by a point on the rim of the
v1 = 2 m/s is currently moving toward a second block.
disk in 4.0 s.
The second block has length ℓ2 = 20 cm, m2 = 2 kg, and
v2 = 8 m/s and is moving toward the first block. The (A) 0.4 m
blocks’ closest edges are currently 1 m apart. The blocks (B) 0.8 m
will experience a perfectly inelastic collision. How long (C) 1.2 m
after the collision does it take for the center of mass of (D) 1.6 m
the new object to cross the point midway between the (E) 2.0 m
blocks’ starting positions? Assume the mass of each
block is uniformly distributed.
R
(A) 0.225 s
(B) 0.325 s
(C) 0.525 s
2R
(D) 0.900 s
(E) 0.975 s
surface
x

15. In the figure above, a small object slides down a fric-

tionless quarter-circular slide of radius R. If the object
starts from rest at a height equal to 2R above a horizontal
surface, find its horizontal displacement, x, at the moment
it strikes the surface.

(A) 2R
(B) 25 R
(C) 3R
(D) 27 R
(E) 4R

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 Section I

18. Old cars were made with rigid frames that could retain
y particle their shape in a collision. Modern cars are made with
frames that crumple in a collision. If each type of vehicle
were to crash into a wall and come to a complete stop,

Screen 2
R which of the following would NOT be true regarding
0 those collisions? Assume the vehicles were of equal mass
and traveling at the same speed before the collision.
(A) The modern vehicle would experience less force.
(B) The modern vehicle would experience less impulse.
0 x (C) The modern vehicle’s magnitude of acceleration
Screen 1 would be less.
(D) The modern vehicle’s collision would take less time.
(E) More than one of the above would not be true.
16. The figure above shows a particle executing uniform
circular motion in a circle of radius R. Light sources (not 19. A homogeneous bar is lying on a flat table. Besides the
shown) cause shadows of the particle to be projected gravitational and normal forces (which cancel), the bar is
onto two mutually perpendicular screens. The positive acted upon by exactly two other external forces, F1 and
directions for x and y along the screens are denoted by F2, which are parallel to the surface of the table. If the
the arrows. When the shadow on Screen 1 is at position net force on the rod is zero, which one of the following is
x = –(0.5)R and moving in the +x direction, what is true also true?
about the position and velocity of the shadow on Screen 2
at that same instant? (A) The net torque on the bar must also be zero.
(B) The bar cannot accelerate translationally or
(A) y = –(0.866)R; velocity in –y direction rotationally.
(B) y = –(0.866)R; velocity in +y direction (C) The bar can accelerate translationally if F1 and F2
(C) y = –(0.5)R; velocity in –y direction are not applied at the same point.
(D) y = +(0.866)R; velocity in –y direction (D) The net torque will be zero if F1 and F2 are applied
(E) y = +(0.866)R; velocity in +y direction at the same point.
(E) None of the above

m
1 20. An astronaut lands on a planet whose mass and radius are
4 L each twice that of Earth. If the astronaut weighs 800 N
F on Earth, how much will he weigh on this planet?
L (A) 200 N
(B) 400 N
(C) 800 N
(D) 1,600 N
2m (E) 3,200 N

17. The figure shows a view from above of two objects

attached to the end of a rigid massless rod at rest on a
frictionless table. When a force F is applied as shown, the
resulting rotational acceleration of the rod about its center
of mass is kF/(mL). What is k?

(A) 83

(B) 12

(C) 5
8
3
(D) 4

(E) 5 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

6

   
 Section I

24. If C, M, L, and T represent the dimensions of charge,

mass, length, and time respectively, what are the dimen-
20
F (N ) sions of the permittivity of free space (e0)?
10 (A) T 2C 2/(M 2L2)
(B) T 2C 2/(ML3)
(C) ML3/(T 2C 2)
1 2 3 4 (D) C 2M/(T 2L2)
x (in m) (E) T 2L2/(C 2M)

y
21. A particle of mass m = 1.0 kg is acted upon by a variable
force, F(x), whose strength is given by the graph above. m1 x m2
If the particle’s speed was zero at x = 0, what is its speed
at x = 4 m? 45° 60°
(A) 5.0 m/s
(B) 8.7 m/s
(C) 10 m/s
(D) 14 m/s v1 v2

(E) 20 m/s

22. The radius of a collapsing spinning star (assumed to be a

1
uniform sphere with a constant mass) decreases to 16 of v'
its initial value. What is the ratio of the final rotational
kinetic energy to the initial rotational kinetic energy? 25. The figure shown above is a view from above of two clay
(A) 4 balls moving toward each other on a frictionless surface.
(B) 16 They collide perfectly inelastically at the indicated point
(C) 162 and are observed to then move in the direction indicated
(D) 163 by the post-collision velocity vector, v′. If m1 = 2m2, and
(E) 164 v′ is parallel to the negative y-axis, what is v2?
(A) v1(sin 45°)/(2 sin 60°)
(B) v1(cos 45°)/(2 cos 60°)
(C) v1(2 cos 45°)/(cos 60°)
(D) v1(2 sin 45°)/(sin 60°)
(E) v1(cos 45°)/(2 sin 60°)
v0
s= 0.80
60°
1m •
0m m
20 m
M

23. A ball is projected with an initial velocity of magnitude

26. In the figure above, the coefficient of static friction be-
v0 = 40 m/s toward a vertical wall as shown in the figure
tween the two blocks is 0.80. If the blocks oscillate with
above. How long does the ball take to reach the wall?
a frequency of 2.0 Hz, what is the maximum amplitude
(A) 0.25 s of the oscillations if the small block is not to slip on the
(B) 0.6 s large block?
(C) 1.0 s
(A) 3.1 cm
(D) 2.0 s
(B) 5.0 cm
(E) 3.0 s
(C) 6.2 cm
(D) 7.5 cm
(E) 9.4 cm
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 Section I

27. When two objects collide, the ratio of the relative speed 30. A horizontal spring of spring constant k is experiencing
after the collision to the relative speed before the col- simple harmonic motion between points x = –A and x =
lision is called the coefficient of restitution, e. If a ball A with a block of mass M attached to the end. A bullet of
is dropped from height H1 onto a stationary floor, and mass m is fired from a gun with speed v so that collides
the ball rebounds to height H2, what is the coefficient of perfectly inelastically with the block when it is at position
restitution of the collision? x = –A. How far beyond x = –A will the spring be com-
pressed as a result of this collision?
(A) H1 H2
(A) mv kM
(B) H2 H1
(B) mv k ( M + m )
(C) H1 H2
1
(D) H2 H1 (C) mv
k ( M + m)
(E) ( H1 H2 )2
mv
(D)
40 cm k ( M + m)
1
(E) mv
kM
40 cm

x
28. The figure above shows a square metal plate of side
length 40 cm and uniform density, lying flat on a table. x=0 x=L
A force F of magnitude 10 N is applied at one of the
corners, as shown. Determine the torque produced by F
relative to the center of rotation. 31. The rod shown above can pivot about the point x = 0 and
rotates in a plane perpendicular to the page. Its linear
(A) 0 N•m
density, λ, increases with x such that λ(x) = kx, where
(B) 1.0 N•m
k is a positive constant. Determine the rod’s moment of
(C) 1.4 N•m
inertia in terms of its length, L, and its total mass, M.
(D) 2.0 N•m
(E) 4.0 N•m (A) 1 ML2
6
z (B) 1 ML2
(3 m, 3 m) 4
(C) 1 ML2
3
(1 m, 1 m )
Path 2 (D) 12 ML2

(E) 2ML2
Path 1
(0, 0) x

29. A small block of mass m = 2.0 kg is pushed from the

initial point (xi , zi) = (0 m, 0 m) upward to the final point
(xf , zf) = (3 m, 3 m) along the path indicated. Path 1 is a
portion of the parabola z = x2, and Path 2 is a quarter circle
whose equation is (x – 1)2 + (z – 3)2 = 4. How much work is
done by gravity during this displacement?
(A) –60 J
(B) –80 J
(C) –90 J
(D) –100 J GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
(E) –120 J

   
 Section I

32. A particle is subjected to a conservative force whose 34. A block of mass m = 2 kg starts at rest at the top of a
potential energy function is ramp of angle θr such that sin θr = 0.45 and cos θr = 0.9.
The length of the ramp consists of alternating stretches of
U(x) = (x – 2)3 – 12x frictionless portions followed by portions with a
2
where U is given in joules when x is measured in meters. coefficient of friction µ = . The first meter of the ramp’s
3
Which of the following represents a position of stable
length is frictionless, followed by 1 m of friction. The
equilibrium?
next meter is frictionless again, followed by 2 m of fric-
(A) x = –4 tion. This alternating pattern continues with the friction-
(B) x = –2 less stretch always being 1 m and the friction stretch
(C) x=0 increasing in length by 1 m each time. How far does the
(D) x=2 block travel before coming to a stop? Assume the ramp
(E) x=4 has infinite length.
top of (A) 4 m
elevator shaft (B) 8 m
(C) 12 m
(D) 19 m
cable
(E) 24 m

35. An object of mass 2 kg is acted upon by three external

elevator
forces, each of magnitude 4 N. Which of the following
m car
M could NOT be the resulting acceleration of the object?
(A) 0 m/s2
(B) 2 m/s2
(C) 4 m/s2
(D) 6 m/s2
(E) 8 m/s2

33. A light, frictionless pulley is suspended from a rigid rod

attached to the roof of an elevator car. Two masses, m
and M (with M > m), are suspended on either side of the
pulley by a light, inextendable cord. The elevator car is
descending at a constant velocity. Determine the accelera-
tion of the masses.

(A) (M – m)g

(B) (M + m)g
M+m
(C) g
M−m
M−m
(D) g
M+m
(E) (M – m)(M + m)g

STOP
END OF SECTION I, MECHANICS

   
 Section II

PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
SECTION II
Time—45 minutes
3 Questions

Directions: Answer all three questions. The suggested time is about 15 minutes per question for answering each of the questions,
which are worth 15 points each. The parts within a question may not have equal weight.

1. An ideal projectile is launched from the ground at an angle q to the horizontal, with an initial speed of v0. The ground is flat
and level everywhere. Write all answers in terms of v0, q, and fundamental constants.
(a) Calculate the time the object is in the air.
(b) Calculate the maximum height the object reaches.
(c) What is the net vertical displacement of the object?
(d) Calculate the range (horizontal displacement) of the object.
(e) What should q be so that the projectile’s range is equal to its maximum vertical displacement?

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 Section II

2. A narrow tunnel is drilled through Earth (mass = M, radius = R), connecting points P and Q, as shown in the diagram on the
left below. The perpendicular distance from Earth’s center, C, to the tunnel is x. A package (mass = m) is dropped from Point
P into the tunnel; its distance from P is denoted y and its distance from C is denoted r. See the diagram on the right.

P P

R R
y
x x
C C

r
package

Q Q

(a) Assuming that Earth is a homogeneous sphere, the gravitational force F on the package is due to m and the mass con-
tained within the sphere of radius r < R. Use this fact to show that

GMm
F=− r
R3
(b) Use the equation F(r) = –dU/dr to find an expression for the change in gravitational potential energy of the package as it
moves from Point P to a point where its distance from Earth’s center is r. Write your answer in terms of G, M, m, R, and r.
(c) Apply Conservation of Energy to determine the speed of the package in terms of G, M, R, x, and y. (Ignore friction.)
(d)
i. At what point in the tunnel—that is, for what value of y—will the speed of the package be maximized?
ii. What is this maximum speed? (Write your answer in terms of G, M, R, and x.)

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 Section II

3. The diagram below is a view from above of three sticky hockey pucks on a frictionless horizontal surface. The pucks with
masses m and 2m are connected by a massless rigid rod of length L and are initially at rest. The puck of mass 3m is moving
with velocity v directly toward puck m. When puck 3m strikes puck m, the collision is perfectly inelastic.

2m

3m m
v
(a) Immediately after the collision,
i. where is the center of mass of the system?
ii. what is the speed of the center of mass? (Write your answer in terms of v.)
iii. what is the angular speed of the system? (Write your answer in terms of v and L.)
(b) What fraction of the system’s initial kinetic energy is lost as a result of the collision?

STOP
END OF SECTION II, MECHANICS

   
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