1208 EEC MIcroproject
1208 EEC MIcroproject
1208 EEC MIcroproject
Contents:
Let the alternating voltage applied across the circuit be given by the equation
Then the instantaneous value of current flowing through the resistor shown in
the figure below will be:
From equation (1) and (3), it is clear that there is no phase difference between
the applied voltage and the current flowing through a purely resistive circuit,
i.e. phase angle between voltage and current is zero. Hence, in an AC circuit
containing pure resistance, the current is in phase with the voltage as shown
in the waveform figure below.
Instantaneous power, p= vi
The average power consumed in the circuit over a complete cycle is given by
So, putting the value of cosωt in equation (4) the value of power will be given
by
As the valve of cosωt is zero.
So, putting the value of cosωt in equation (4) the value of power will be given
by
The voltage and the current in the purely resistive circuit are in phase with each
other having no phase difference with phase angle zero. The alternating
quantity reaches their peak value at the interval of the same time period that is
the rise and fall of the voltage and current occurs at the same time.
Contents:
Let the alternating voltage applied to the circuit is given by the equation:
The emf which is induced in the circuit is equal and opposite to the applied
voltage. Hence, the equation becomes,
Putting the value of e in equation (2) we will get the equation as
Therefore,
Substituting this value in Im from the equation (5) and putting it in equation (4)
we will get
The voltage, current and power waveform are shown in blue, red and pink
colours respectively. When the values of voltage and current are at its peak as a
positive value, the power is also positive and similarly, when the voltage and
current give negative waveform the power will also become negative. This is
because of the phase difference between voltage and current.
When the voltage drops, the value of the current changes. When the value of
current is at its maximum or peak value of the voltage at that instance of time
will be zero, and therefore, the voltage and current are out of phase with each
other by an angle of 90 degrees.
The phasor diagram is also shown on the left-hand side of the waveform where
current (Im) lag voltage (Vm) by an angle of π/2.
The average power in one alteration, i.e., in a half cycle is zero, as the negative
and positive loop is under power curve is the same.
In the purely inductive circuit, during the first quarter cycle, the power supplied
by the source, is stored in the magnetic field set up around the coil. In the next
quarter cycle, the magnetic field diminishes and the power that was stored in the
first quarter cycle is returned to the source.
This process continues in every cycle, and thus, no power is consumed in the
circuit.
The capacitor consists of two conductive plates which are separated by the
dielectric medium. The dielectric material is made up of glass, paper, mica,
oxide layers, etc. In pure AC capacitor circuit, the current leads the voltage by
an angle of 90 degrees.
Contents:
Let the alternating voltage applied to the circuit is given by the equation:
Putting the value of q from the equation (2) in equation (3) we will get
Now, putting the value of v from the equation (1) in the equation (3) we
will get
When the voltage is increased, the capacitor gets charged and reaches or
attains its maximum value and, therefore, a positive half cycle is obtained.
Further when the voltage level decreases the capacitor gets discharged, and
the negative half cycle is formed.
If you examine the curve carefully, you will notice that when the voltage
attains its maximum value, the value of the current is zero that means there is
no flow of current at that time.
When the value of voltage is decreased and reaches a value π, the value of
voltage starts getting negative, and the current attains its peak value. As a
result, the capacitor starts discharging. This cycle of charging and
discharging of the capacitor continues.
The values of voltage and current are not maximised at the same time
because of the phase difference as they are out of phase with each other by an
angle of 90 degrees.
The phasor diagram is also shown in the waveform indicating that the current
(Im) leads the voltage (Vm) by an angle of π/2.
Hence, from the above equation, it is clear that the average power in the
capacitive circuit is zero.
The average power in a half cycle is zero as the positive and negative loop
area in the waveform shown are same.
In the first quarter cycle, the power which is supplied by the source is stored
in the electric field set up between the capacitor plates. In the another or next
quarter cycle, the electric field diminishes, and thus the power stored in the
field is returned to the source. This process is repeated continuously and,
therefore, no power is consumed by the capacitor circuit.
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