JSPM’S

Bhivarabai Sawant Institute of Technology & Research

Pune-412207

Department Of Computer Engineering

Academic Year 2021-22

Mini Project Report

On

SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL

Submitted by:

1. Rohit Patil (58)

2. Vishakha Dighe (55)
3. Adnan Nalband (59)

Under the guidance of

Dr. Bhandari G.M

Smart traffic control 1

 DEPARTMENTOFCOMPUTERENGINEERING

BHIVARABAI SAWANT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH

WAGHOLI, PUNE – 412207

CERTIFICATE

 This is to certify that the, Rohit Patil, Vishakha Dighe, Adnan Nalbadn (BE_A) submitted
his/her Project report on Smart traffic control under my guidance and supervision. The
work has been done to my satisfaction during the academic year 2020-21 under Savitribai
Phule Pune University guidelines.

Date:

Place: BSIOTR, PUNE.

Prof. Gayatri Bhandari Prof.Gayatri Bhandari

Project Guide H.O. D.

Smart traffic control 2

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is a great pleasure & immense satisfaction to express my deepest sense of gratitude &

thanks to everyone who has directly or indirectly helped me in completing my Project work

successfully.

I express my gratitude towards guide Prof. Pallavi Gulve and Dr. G.M. Bhandari Head of

Department of Computer Engineering, Bhivarabai Sawant Institute Of Technology and Research,

Wagholi, Pune who guided& encouraged me in completing the Project work in scheduled time. I

would like to thanks our Principal Dr.T.K. Nagaraj for allowing us to pursue my Project in this

institute.

Name of students and roll no:

1. Rohit Patil (58)

2. Vishakha Dighe (55)

3 . Adnan Nalband (59)

Smart traffic control 3

 INDEX
Page
Sr. No. Chapters (14 points)
No

ABSTRACT I

Index Page II

1. INTRODUCTION 6

2. MOTIVATION 6

3. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 7

PROPOSED SYSTEM 8
4.
METHODOLOGY

5 ALGORITHMS 11

6. SYSTEM REQUIRMENTS 12

ADVANTAGES AND 13
7.
DISADVANTAGES

8. APPLICATIONS 13

9. CONCLUSION 14

10. REFERENCES 15

Smart traffic control 4

 ABSTRACT

Abstract:

Over the years, there has been a sudden increase in the number of vehicles on the road. Traffic congestion
is a growing problem everyone faces in their daily life. Manual control of traffic by traffic police
has not proved to be efficient. Also the predefined set time for the signal at all circumstances (low
and high traffic density) has not solved this problem. A model to effectively solve the above
mentioned problems by using Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed. We use cloud for internet based
computing, where different services such as server, storage and application are delivered for traffic
management. A network of sensors is used to track the number of vehicles and the traffic
congestion at the intersections on a road and rerouting will be done on the basis of the traffic
density on the lanes of a road.

Smart traffic control 5

 1. INTRODUCTION
A smart traffic management system utilizing sensor data, communication and automated
algorithms is to be developed to keep traffic flowing more smoothly. The aim is to optimally
control the duration of green or red light for a specific traffic light at an intersection. The traffic
signals should not flash the same stretch of green or red all the time, but should depend on the
number of cars present. When traffic is heavy in one direction, the green lights should stay on
longer; less traffic should mean the red lights should be on for longer time interval. This solution
is expected to eliminate inefficiencies at intersections and minimize the cost of commuting and
pollution.

2.MOTIVATION
In 2014, 54% of the total global population was urban residents. The prediction was a growth of
nearly 2% each year until 2020 leading to more pressure on the transportation system of cities.
Additionally, the high cost of accommodation in business districts lead to urban employees living
far away from their place of work/education and therefore having to commute back and forth
between their place of residence and their place of work. More vehicles moving need to be
accommodated over a 16 Chapter 1: Introduction 2 fixed number of roads and transportation
infrastructure. Often, when dealing with increased traffic, the reaction is just widen the lanes or
increase the road levels. However, cities should be making their streets run smarter instead of just
making them bigger or building more roads. This leads to the proposed system which will use a
micro controller and sensors for tracking the number of vehicles leading to time based monitoring
of the system.(Babu, 2016)(Zantout, 2017)

Smart traffic control 6

 3. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE

3.1 The objectives of the research are as mentioned below:

- To access the scope of Smart Traffic Management System.

- To evaluate possible benefits of implementing Smart Traffic Management System.
- To explore technical challenges in adopting the Smart Traffic Management System.

3.2 Scope :

For future directions, dierent priority levels for multiple incidents and scenarios can be considered.
The main issue with IoT is that the security of the entire system have to be concentrated on and
not a particular IoT layer, device or software. Hence, integrating the entire trac management
system with multiple layer security for various data generated from various sources can be another
subject of future scope. Along with that an emergency signal for an emergency vehicle (such as an
Ambulance) can also be included in order to serve them better.

Smart traffic control 7

 4.PROPOSED SYSTEM METHODOLOGY

In this proposed system, the trac lights are LEDs and the car counting sensor is an ultrasonic sensor.
Both blocks are connected to a Microcontroller using physical wires. The Microcontroller is the
trac light controller which receives the collected sensor data and manages the trac lights by
switching between green, yellow and red. The Microcontroller computes the number of cars in the
street of the intersection it is monitoring based on the distances measured by the ultrasonic sensor
and the timing between those measurements. The Microcontroller then sends the number of cars
every minute to the local server. This communication is done using the Microcontroller serial port.
The local server exchanges the data received with the cloud server in order to better predict the
changes in timings of the trac light. This communication is done using Wi-Fi. More specically, the
cloud server uses an equation that takes the data received (number of cars) as input then determines
the time interval of LEDs needed for a smooth trac ow. This calculated time is then compared to
the current actual time of the LEDs (this data is saved in a database on the cloud server). The server
then comes up with a decision. If the current actual green time is less than the calculated time, the
decision is to increase the green time, else to decrease the green time.(Chandana K K, 2013).

4.1 A View of Signals at Different Lanes

In the above gure, in Pt. - 1, LANE 1 is currently open with green signal and LANE 4 is ready with
an yellow signal but LANE 2 and LANE 3 are blocked. In LANE 3, vehicle count is already greater
than the threshold value, therefore the road coming to LANE 2 of Pt. - 1 is blocked in the Pt. - 2
itself. Thus re-routing them through another lanes. (Assuming that Pt. - 1 is the current intersection
and Pt. - 2 is the previous intersection.)

Smart traffic control 8

In the above figure, Lane 1 is open with green signal and other lanes are closed with red signal.

In the above figure, Lane 2 is open with green signal and other lanes are closed with red signal.

Smart traffic control 9

In the above figure, Lane 3 is open with green signal and other lanes are closed with red signal
and after that Lane 4 will get the green signal automatically.

Smart traffic control 10

 5. ALGORITHMS

5.1 Vehicle Counter Algorithm

Assuming the objects detected by the IR Sensors to be vehicles, int counter =

0; int hitObject = false; int val ;
Step 1: Read value from sensor (val). Sensor gives output 0 if car is detected and 1 if no car is
detected.

Step 2: If val == 0 hitObject = false then increment the counter and set hitObject = true. else if val
== 1 hitObject = true then set hitObject = false.

Step 3: Go to step 1

Trac Control Algorithm

No. of sensors = 8 and are denoted by S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8
No. of cars in Lane 1 (N1) = S1 { S2
No. of cars in Lane 2 (N2) = S3 { S4
No. of cars in Lane 3 (N3) = S5 { S6
No. of cars in Lane 4 (N4) = S7 { S8
Li = (L1, L2, L3, L4), Ni = (N1, N2, N3, N4), Ti = (T1, T2, T3, T4)
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Sensors will read the no. of vehicles on each lane (i.e. L1, L2, L3, L4)
Step 3: if (Vehicle Count < T hreshold)
Then status = Normal trac. Turn on the green signal for all the lanes one after another in a
sequential manner (L1-L2-L3-L4). When signal is green for one lane,the others will remain red.

Step 4: else status = congestion.

Step 5: COMPARE (N1, N2 , N3, N4), Select the highest of the four (say Ni),turn on green signal
for that lane (say Li) for time (Ti). When time Ti ends, turn on the red signal.

Step 6: COMPARE (N2, N3, N4), Select the highest of the three (say Ni), turn on green signal for
that lane (say Li) for time (Ti). When time Ti ends, turn on the red signal.

Smart traffic control 11

Step 7: COMPARE (N3, N4), Select the highest of the two (say Ni), turn on green signal for that
lane (say Li) for time (Ti). When time Ti ends, turn on the red signal.

Step 8: The last remaining lane automatically gets selected and it is given the green signal for time
Ti.

Step 9: Jump to Step 3.

6. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

6.1 Software requirements:

1. Arduino IDE: The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform

application (for Windows, MacOS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java.
It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino board.
2. Proteus Design Suite: The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool suite used
primarily for electronic design automation. The software is used mainly by electronic design
engineers and technicians to create schematics and electronic prints for manufacturing printed
circuit boards.

6.2 Hardware requirements:

1. Microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560): The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board
based on the Atmega 2560. It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as
PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal
oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.
2. Microcontroller (Arduino Uno ): The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller
board based on the Microchip ATmega328Pmicrocontroller and developed by Arduino.cc.
3. LEDs: LEDs are used for the purpose of signaling according to the trac condition.

4. IR Sensor: IR Sensor is used to count the vehicles on the road.

5. Jumper Wires: It is used to connect the components to each other.

Smart traffic control 12

 7. ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
7.1 Advantages:

i) Minimizes number of accidents.

ii) Reduces fuel cost and saves time.
iii) Low budget.
iv) Easy implementation and maintenance
v) Remotely controllable.
vi) Minimizes hassle and cost of commuting.

8. RESULT ANALYSIS
The proposed system helps in better time based monitoring and thus has certain advantages over
the existing system like minimizing number of accidents, reducing fuel cost and is remotely
controllable etc. The proposed system is designed in such a way that it will be able to control the
trac congestion as well as track the number of vehicles. The administrator of the system can access
local server in order to maintain the system.

Smart traffic control 13

 9. CONCLUSION

Smart Traffic Management System has been developed by using multiple features of hardware
components in IoT. Trac optimization is achieved using IoT platform for efficient utilizing
allocating varying time to all trac signal according to available vehicles count in road path. Smart
Trac Management System is implemented to deal efficiently with problem of congestion and
perform re-routing at intersections on a road.

This research presents an effective solution for rapid growth of trac ow particularly in big cities
which is increasing day by day and traditional systems have some limitations as they fail to manage
current trac effectively. Keeping in view the state of the art approach for trac management systems,
a smart trac management system is proposed to control road trac situations more efficiently and
effectively. It changes the signal timing intelligently according to trac density on the particular
roadside and regulates trac ow by communicating with local server more effectively than ever
before. The decentralized approach makes it optimized and effective as the system works even if
a local server or centralized server has crashed. The system also provides useful information to
higher authorities that can be used in road planning which helps in optimal usage of resources.
(Sabeen Javaid,2018)

Smart traffic control 14

 10. REFRENCES
1) Babu, P. R. K. S. M. R. (2016). Real-time smart trac management system for smart cities
by using internet of things and big data. 2016 International Conference on Emerging
Technological Trends (ICETT).
2) Chandana K K, Dr. S. Meenakshi Sundaram, C. D. M. N. S. N. K. (2013). A smart trac
management system for congestion control and warnings using internet of things (iot).
Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2.
3) Dave, P. N. D. M. . P. S. P. (2018). Smart trac management system using iot. International
Journal of Computer Engineering and Applications, 12.
4) Sabeen Javaid, Ali Suan, S. P. M. T. (2018). Smart trac management system using internet
of things. 20th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology
(ICACT).
5) Viswanathan, V. and Santhanam, V. (2013). Trac signal control using wireless sensor
networks. 2nd International Conference on Advances in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (ICAEE’2013).
6) Yucheng Huang, Linbing Wang, Y. H. W. Z. Y. Z. (2018). A prototype iot based wireless
sensor network for trac information monitoring. volume 11.
7) Zantout, S. (2017). Trac light controller project nal report.

Smart traffic control 15