Volume 7, Issue 4, April – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

A Survey on Wireless Sensor Network

based Internet of Things
Abhinav Dagar, Manish Kumar Singh, Ashish, Prashant Anand, Prakriti
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, India

Abstract:- Internet of things (IoT) is one of the fields, The Internet of things (IoT) connects billions or trillion of
where much research work is being done. Nowadays, objects through internet. It is automatically in sleep mode
wireless systems which are based on IoT are developing when not in use. Therefore, devices generally consume less
very fast in different sectors. The Internet of Things is the power. It allows people and things to be connected anywhere,
kind of network in which any machine or tools can be anytime through the internet. This kind of technology will
operated without any interference of human beings The help to make a better world for humans [4]. It consists of
information shared among different objects will be more multiple nodes, a Gateway, database, and webserver. The
useful if a wireless sensor network (WSN) is used with the gateway acts as a bridge between a sensor network and
Internet of things. IoT is a combination of sensors and internet. The IoT technique is divided into two parts: data
software with embedded electronics. The WSN based IoT transmission and data manipulation. The data transmission
system collects data from the environment through sensor means communication between physical objects and the data
nodes and data can be uploaded on the cloud. Users can server on the internet. The data manipulation means
access data from anywhere. In this paper, we discuss aggregation and further analysis of data generated by
WSN based IoT systems, elements of the internet of physical objects [5]. The various wireless technologies such
things and the challenges of WSN based IoT systems. as Wi-Fi, 4G, Zigbee, LoRa are used in IoT. The selection of
WSN nodes are generally small in size and are also wireless technique depends on various parameters such as
battery-driven small machines. The energy- efficient data cost, data rate, transmission range etc. 4 G and Wi-Fi connect
transfer technique can help in increasing the lifespan of to the internet with high throughput, but they cost more.
the network. WSN has advantages such as high efficiency and multihop
transmission. Most existing sensor networks are based on the
Keywords:- Internet of Things, WSN, sensor node, cloud Zigbee. All sensed data are sent to the Gateway and Gateway
computing. uploads them to the web server through mobile phone or PC.
After modifying the raw data coming from the gateway, web
I. INTRODUCTION server stores them in the data base. Users can access the data
In WSN, Sensor nodes sense data from environment from the cloud through internet [6,7]. Billions of objects and
and send data to Gateway [1]. Majority of WSN applications, devices are currently connected to the internet. However,
including precision agriculture, forest fire detection, even today more than 95 % of things in the world are remain
healthcare, and industrial applications, necessitate continuous unconnected. The IoT based smart environment can be
monitoring of certain physical parameters. Some specific divided into different areas such as smart cities, smart
WSN applications, such as video streaming and monitoring buildings, smart homes, smart transportation, and smart
of human vitals, necessitate stringent quality of service industry [8].
standards in order to maximise network performance [2,3].

Table 1 depicts a comparison of communication technologies used in smart environments.

Technology Data rate Range Power consumption Frequency Applications

Bluetooth 25 Mbps 10 m Low 2.4 GHz Smart Home
Zigbee 250 Kbps Up to 100 m Low 2.4 Smart Home, Smart Health
GHz,915 MHz, 868 MHz
Wi-Fi 54 Mbps 140 m, Medium 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz Smart cities, smart industry,
100 m smart transport
4G 800 1-6 miles high 700 MHz, Smart cities, smart industry,
Mbps 800 MHz, smart transport
1900 MHz,
Table 1: Comparison of communication technologies used in smart environments

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Volume 7, Issue 4, April – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
II. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK BASED INTERNET OF THINGS

Sensor node sense data to environment and send it to base station. Now, base station transfers the data to mobile or laptop.
Data can be uploaded on cloud through internet. User can see data (anytime, anywhere) from internet. Figure 1 shows four sensor
node and a base station.

Fig. 1: Sensor nodes and a Gateway for WSN

After the beginning of wireless network technology our III. IOT ELEMENTS
everyday life has changed very rapidly. There are multiple
devices connected and communicating in the world in A. Identification
different sectors. The internet of thing is also the fast in Several methods such as electronic product code are
nature developed technologies which is very revolutionary available for identification of IoT network. Identification
and basically changed our everyday life. IOT also plays its methods are used to explicitly identify each object within the
role in developing new applications and technologies. (For network.
example, surveillance camera, environmental monitoring,
home appliances). This network works in a sustainable and B. Sensing
safe manner [9]. The IoT sensing means collecting data from related
physical objects within the network and sending it to the
However, in the internet of things, the real time database or cloud.
modules like sensors are also linked with each other for the
transmission of the tested data to the core repositories in C. Communication
which the data is always available to the user to access IoT node should operate low power in noisy and lossy
according to their needs. As the number of communication communication link.
devices are having the very high features of the internet of D. Computation
things are quite different [10]. For the realization of the The Processing units (microprocessor, microcontrollers)
internet of things, system functions are deployed and and software applications show the computational ability of
developed in different environments. These systems face the IoT. Cloud Platforms are another major computational
several challenges that affect their proper functioning of the part the Internet of things.
nodes. Some of the challenges are temperature, humidity,
sunlight, animal activity, etc. To overcome these challenges E. Services
several alternative approaches are taken to synchronization The aim of all IoT applications is to easily complete
protocol for IOT are much needed [11]. The IOT is widely ubiquitous services.
used in wireless sensor networks and also accepted as a
revolution in the industry that receives and sends data over IV. CHALLENGE OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
the internet. They collect the data in the real time event BASED IOT
addressing the various challenges for various applications
mainly as education, finance, energy, transportation. There is There are different challenges in wireless sensor
a risk of cyber-attack in the system. In addition to the networks based IoT:
vulnerability, the IOT system is evolving at a rapid rate in the
terms of diversity and complexity. Here, in a wireless sensor A. Quality of service
network a set of resources is required to gather the All heterogeneous IoT devices must be contributing to the
information from the environment [12]. From the increasing quality of services provided to sensor nodes in terms of
the use of wireless sensor network, IOT networks are intelligence. The better service it provides to its users, the
developing to advance the sensor with their capacity of more it is effective for long use which is very effective in
collecting data from different locations which promote the different climate conditions.
initialization of these small instrument with such small
B. Real time management
battery size [13].
It is a very difficult problem for the resource-controlled
sensor network to collect the data all the time which needs
more power. In that case, a very efficient design and
technology is a must need in the internet of things system to

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Volume 7, Issue 4, April – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
minimize the power use and transmit the data constantly to Electronics & Communication (AEU), Volume 131.
communicate real time information. [4.] C. Perera, C. H. Liu, S. Jayawardena and M. Chen, "A
Survey on Internet of Things from Industrial Market
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The availability is to preserve the operational services of "Applications of wireless sensor network for monitoring
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Guizani, "Internet-of-things-based smart environments:
F. Data aggregation state of the art, taxonomy, and open research
Wireless sensor nodes are very tiny, and battery driven so challenges," in IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 23,
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V. CONCLUSION Konstantinos Giannakis, George Koufoudakis, Eleni
Christopoulou, Konstantinos Oikonomou, George
Communication networks are quickly transitioning from Kormentzas, Ioannis Stavrakakis, Synchronization of
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hot topic of research in wireless networks. The paper began applications, Ad Hoc Networks,
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